Title: TheEconomist_8K-1W (part 2)

Word: unlicensed
Front: unlicensed
[ʌnˈlaɪsnst] (19175/21037)
Vocabulary: unlicensed
(once / 11464 pages)
adj
When something is unlicensed, it has no license, i.e., no official government approval. If a restaurant doesn't have a liquor license but serves wine anyway, it's an unlicensed sale of that beverage.
You will hear the word unlicensed most often involving illegally-possessed firearms. Murders are often committed with unlicensed guns, meaning that the killer purchased the gun without a license, most likely from a shady dealer.
WORD FAMILY
licensed: unlicensed +/ license: licensed, licenser, licenses, licensing/licenser: licensers
USAGE EXAMPLES
A century later, and the venue was a popular location for unlicensed bare-knuckle fights.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
These warning notices stuck above the toilets in Rio’s Olympic Village, banning a range of unlicensed toilet activities.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Nebraska law prohibits surgeons from delegating to an unlicensed person.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 没有执照的，未经当局许可的，无节制的
分布：没有执照的(67%)，未经当局许可的(26%)，未经注册的(7%)
adjective
■not having a licence (= a document giving legal permission) to do something, for example to sell alcohol, or use or own something, for example a gun 无营业执照的；未经授权许可的
• an unlicensed restaurant 无牌照经营的餐厅
adj. [贸易] 没有执照的；未经当局许可的；无节制的
 - immoderate, inordinate

Word: upbringing
Front: upbringing
[ˈʌpbrɪŋɪŋ] (10248/8562 -1)
Vocabulary: upbringing
(once / 5727 pages)
n
Your upbringing is how you were raised as a child. You might have had a rough upbringing or a gentler one, but at least you made it this far.
Looking at the base “bring” in upbringing, we find a Germanic origin meaning "to carry." You might consider the "carry" idea as a way to remember the word, considering a parent "carries" a child to adulthood, providing what then becomes the child’s upbringing.
WORD FAMILY
upbringing: upbringings
USAGE EXAMPLES
She spoke to the BBC about her upbringing in Croydon, the rappers she looks up to, and why she read the dictionary as a child.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
He is a reflection of his upbringing and life experiences.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“Part of that is really again his upbringing, the coaching that started from his dad on up to his high school coaches,” Martin said.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 养育，培养，教养; 家教
分布：教养(59%)，抚养(25%)，培养(16%)
noun countable usually singular
 ADVANCED
■the way in which someone is treated and educated when they are young, especially by their parents, especially in relation to the effect which this has on how they behave and make moral decisions 抚养；教育；教养
• Is it right to say all the crimes he committed were simply the result of his upbringing? 把他犯下的所有罪行都归罪于他所受到的教育，这样说对吗？
⇒ See also bring up at bring
n. 教养；养育；抚育
 - nursing, breeding

Word: arrears
Front: arrears
[əˈrɪəz] (-/8104 -1)
Vocabulary: arrears
(once / 3040 pages)
n
If you are in arrears, you are behind in the payment of a debt. Think: rears=behind. Arrears also refers to the unpaid, overdue debt itself. Your rent arrears are the money you own on rent.
Arrears is a term often used in a legal context––like, when you've had to hire a lawyer because you're being sued by your landlord, or being evicted because you're in arrears on your rent. Before it comes to eviction, though, you should try negotiating with your landlord first. They would probably be more interested in collecting arrears, even late, than in evicting you and starting with a new tenant from scratch.
WORD FAMILY
arrears
USAGE EXAMPLES
By this past summer, they were more than $11,000 in arrears.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The average monthly payment was cut $140 for those in arrears — in addition to a $15 penalty fee each month, GAO auditors said.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Children’s Aid also used $457 in Neediest Cases funds toward two months in rent arrears.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 拖欠; （工作等的）拖延; 欠款; 待完成的事
分布：名词arrear的复数形式.(25%)，待做的工作(25%)，到期未付之债(25%)，拖欠的款项(25%)
→来自拉丁短语ad retro, 应用于经济学指滞后，欠款。
【记】arr一再，ear耳朵－一再在你耳朵边说话－因为你欠帐不还钱。Arr啊，ear耳朵，别揪了！我还钱还不行吗？
US [-'rɪrz] plural noun
■money that is owed and should already have been paid 应付的欠款；逾期的债款
• rent arrears 逾期未付的租金
UK [ə'rɪəz] US [-'rɪrz] plural noun
in arrears
■owing money that should have been paid in the past 拖欠
• My account is badly in arrears. 我帐户上的欠款太多了。
• They are in arrears on/with their mortgage payments. 他们的按揭贷款逾期未还。
■If someone is paid in arrears, they are paid at the end of the period of time during which the money was earned 后付（工作一段时间后支付薪水）
• I'm paid a week in arrears. 我每个周末领薪水。
n. [会计] 拖欠；待完成的事；应付欠款
 - delinquencies

Word: vigilant
Front: vigilant
[ˈvɪdʒɪlənt] (托雅宝 11523/14346 -1)
Vocabulary: vigilant
(once / 593 pages)
adj
Use vigilant to describe someone who keeps awake and alert in order to avoid danger or problems. When taking the subway, be vigilant about your wallet––always know where it is, or someone might steal it from you.
Vigilant descends from Latin vigilans, from vigilare "to be awake, watch," from vigil "awake, alert." If you stay awake all night, you're keeping watch or keeping a vigil. A vigilante (pronounced vij-uh-LAN-tee) is a person who acts outside the legal system to punish crime.
WORD FAMILY
vigilant: unvigilant, vigilance, vigilanter, vigilantly +/ vigilance: vigilances
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We are determined to annihilate terrorism and we are able to shorten its age,” he said, calling on security forces and civilians to remain vigilant.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
It said it would continue to rigorously monitor its systems and “remain vigilant.”
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
And yet, like many vigilant parents, Wright concedes she’s not always the best role model: “I’m on Facebook far too much.”
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 警惕的，警觉的; 警戒的; 机警
分布：警惕的(58%)，警戒的(42%)
→来自vigil,警醒，警觉，守夜。
警惕的(vigil[=vig]+ant→有生命的→警惕的)[vivvitvig=life,表示"生命"]
【记】vigil（n 守夜；警觉），ant－警觉的读：危机lant，时时刻刻有危机感－警觉的
【反】supine（adj 懒散的）；oblivious（adj 遗忘的）；unalert（adj 不警觉的）；negligible（adj 可忽略的）
adjective
■always being careful to notice things, especially possible danger 警觉的；警戒的；警惕的
• Following the bomb scare at the airport, the staff have been warned to be extra vigilant. 机场的炸弹恐吓事件之后，全体员工都被告诫要格外警惕。
adj. 警惕的；警醒的；注意的；警戒的
 - alert, watchful

Word: confinement
Front: confinement
[kənˈfaɪnmənt] (托 10696/11450 -1)
Vocabulary: confinement
(once / 773 pages)
1n 2n
If you're dealing with confinement to a jail cell, or your classroom, or the broom closet, you're stuck there and you can't leave. Confinement means you're being held and you can't move freely.
Confinement doesn't have to be punishment. If you've got a contagious disease, your doctor may recommend confinement to your hospital room. Puppies sometimes prefer confinement in a crate to sleeping in an open room. You may also come across an old-fashioned use of the word confinement, referring to a woman in childbirth, which goes back to when women retired to their rooms to give birth and recuperate. Confinement contains the Latin root finis, "end, limit” — confinement certainly is limiting.
WORD FAMILY
confinement: confinements+/ confine: confined, confinement, confines, confining / confined: confinedly, unconfined / unconfined: unconfinedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In restrictive housing, commonly called solitary confinement, inmates are alone for 23 hours a day.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“When someone is on home confinement,” he said, “that means home confinement.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr. Lee was arrested again and sentenced to six weeks in confinement.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 监禁，关押; 分娩，生产; 限制，约束
分布：限制(57%)，分娩(35%)，拘禁(8%)
noun
uncountable
■when a person or animal is kept somewhere, usually by force 限制；关押；禁闭；监禁
• She spent most of those years under house arrest or close confinement. 那些年她大部分时间都处于软禁或严密监禁之中。
countable or uncountable old-fashioned or formal
■ labour (= when a woman gives birth to a baby) 分娩，生产
confinement, confinement, concentrate, restraint, focus, limitation
这组词都有“限制，局限”的意思，其区别是：
confinement: n.限制，囚禁(于某地或某种境地)。
 • The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement.   那犯人被判处单独监禁三个月。
confinement: limitation, restraint
concentrate: v.集中，集中精力(后接on，宾语可以是具体或抽象的东西)；浓缩，压缩。
 • During exams, students concentrate hard on answering the questions.   考试期间，同学们集中精力回答问题。
restraint: n.克制，抑制；约束措施。
 • Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didn't yell at her child.   即使母亲很生气，她仍克制自己没有向孩子大吼。
focus: v.集中(于某事物)；将(注意力等)集中于……(后接on，宾语一般不是具体的东西)。
 • Please focus your minds on the following problem.   请集中考虑以下问题。
limitation: n.限制，局限；(能力的)缺点，弱点。
 • That employee has limitations on what work he can do.   那个雇员能做的工作有限。
n. 限制；监禁；分娩
 - limitation, delivery, restriction, qualification, prison

Word: canterbury
Front: canterbury
[ˈkæntəbəri] (-/5149)
Back: n. 乐谱架
分布：名词(100%)

Word: factional
Front: factional
[ˈfækʃnəl] (20598/23522)
Back: adj. 派系的，小派别的
分布：派系的(58%)，小派别的(42%)
【反】disinterested（adj 无私的；公正的）；ecumenical（adj 普遍的，世界的）；faction（n 内讧）－unity（n 团结）

Word: emanate
Front: emanate
[ˈeməneɪt] (托宝 8681/8454 -1)
Vocabulary: emanate
(once / 1098 pages)
v
When you use the word emanate, you're usually talking about lights, sounds, or unseen forces coming out of a specific source. If you hear creepy sounds emanating from an old house, that might mean it's haunted.
Emanate derives from the Latin e- 'out' and manare to flow. If that last word looks a little like manure to you, you might be interested to know that they're not at all related. Thank goodness, too, because the idea of manure flowing out––or emanating––is not something to be discussed in polite company.
WORD FAMILY
emanate: emanated, emanates, emanating, emanation +/ emanation: emanations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bear Bryant is still all-powerful in Alabama, a colossus emanating an aura that is tangible, even posthumously.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Siatta was quieter than usual and emanated discipline and self-control.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“Let me try,” it said to my surprise as a magic pixie dust sound effect emanated from its base.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vi. 发出，散发; 放射; 起源
时态：emanated, emanating, emanates
分布：发出(56%)，散发(44%)
→e-, 向外。-man, 流出，显露。
【记】e个man吃ate完饭后特别热，散发出阵阵的汗臭。
['em.ə.neɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to express a quality or feeling through the way that you look and behave 表现；显示
• Her face emanated sadness. 她脸上露出伤心的表情。
['em.ə.neɪt] formal
verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  emanate from/through sth/sb
■to come out of or be produced by something or someone 来自…；发源于…；产生于…
• Angry voices emanated from the room. 房间里传出愤怒的声音。
vi. 发出；散发；发源
 - to send out, give off

Word: embodiment
Front: embodiment
[ɪmˈbɒdimənt] (宝 10972/14090 -1)
Vocabulary: embodiment
(once / 1736 pages)
n
The embodiment of something gives concrete form to an abstract idea. A flag is the embodiment of a country.
When you talk about embodiment, you're talking about giving a form to ideas that are usually not physical: like love, hate, fear, justice, etc. A gavel is the embodiment of justice; a wedding ring can be the embodiment of love. The word body in embodiment is a clue to its meaning: this is a word for giving a body to things that usually don't have one.
WORD FAMILY
embodiment: embodiments+/disembody: disembodied, disembodying/embodied: unembodied/ embody: disembody, embodied, embodies, embodiment, embodying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Brooklyn rapper Conceited's pursed lips are the physical embodiment of "you thought."
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
She will always be the embodiment of everything a princess should be.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
His blackness isn’t just obvious, it’s aggressive; through Mr. Maaravi’s lens, he is the modern embodiment of generations of idealized black bodies.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 体现; 化身; 具体化
分布：体现(75%)，化身(25%)
化身;体现(embody体现)[-ment 1.表名词"行为或结果"2.表示具体物]
US [-'bɑ:.dɪ-] noun
the embodiment of sth
■someone or something that represents a quality or an idea exactly （某种品质或思想的）化身，表现，典型
• He was the embodiment of the English gentleman. 他是典型的英国绅士。
• She was portrayed in the papers as the embodiment of evil. 她被报纸描述为邪恶的化身。
n. 体现；化身；具体化
 - picture, shape, pink

Word: hypocritical
Front: hypocritical
[ˌhɪpə'krɪtɪkl] (宝 14006/18447)
Vocabulary: hypocritical
(once / 2358 pages)
adj
Hypocritical involves acting in a way that goes against your stated beliefs. If you drive drunk despite the fact that you are the president of Students Against Drunk Driving, you are truly hypocritical.
Hypocritical comes from the Greek hypokritikos which means acting a part. The word comes up most often when discussing political and religious figures who are sometimes caught engaging in behavior that goes against their professed beliefs. A person who engages in hypocritical behavior could be called a hypocrite, their behavior, an act of hypocrisy.
WORD FAMILY
hypocritical: hypocritically+/ hypocrisy: hypocrisies, hypocritical
USAGE EXAMPLES
And yet, he realizes that the rules for his 12- and 10-year-old kids are hypocritical.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Do they realize how blatantly hypocritical that is?
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“I always thought liberals were all encompassing and conservatives discriminating. This restaurant is an example of reverse discrimination or hypocritical discrimination.”
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 伪善的; 虚伪的; 伪善者的; 言不由衷的
分布：伪善的(100%)
【记】hypo下面，critical（adj 评论的；批评的）－在背后批评的－伪善的
【参】hypocrite[SAT]（n 伪君子）；hypodermic（adj 皮下的n 皮下注射）；epidermis（n 表皮；上皮）
【反】ingenuous（adj 坦白的；直率的）；honest（adj 诚实正直的）
US [-ə'krɪtˌ-] adjective disapproving
 ADVANCED
■saying that you have particular moral beliefs but behaving in a way that shows these are not sincere 虚伪的；伪善的（满口仁义道德，行为却虚伪可耻）
• Their accusations of corruption are hypocritical - they have been just as corrupt themselves. 他们对贪腐的指控非常虚伪——他们自己也贪腐。
hypercritical, hypocritical
hypercritical: a.吹毛求疵的，批评苛刻的。
 • He is so hypercritical that he corrects every mistake his students made.   他很苛刻，对于学生的每个错误都要纠正。
hypocritical: a.虚伪的，伪善的。
 • hypocritical behaviour   伪善的行为
adj. 虚伪的；伪善的
 - artificial, false

Word: handedness
Front: handedness
['hændɪdnɪs] (托 32542/30167)
Back: n. 用右手或左手的习惯; 偏手性
分布：旋向性(64%)，用右手或左手的习惯(36%)

Word: hark
Front: hark
[hɑ:k] (19428/14009 -1)
Vocabulary: hark
(once / 742 pages)
v
Hark generally means to constantly go back to something in the past, but it can also mean "Listen!" — as in "Hark! The herald angels sing!"
Still complaining about that bad haircut you got last year? Well, don't hark back to it anymore! Hark has an interesting origin: it comes from the term "to hark back," which was the process by which hunting dogs used to retrace the scent of their prey when they had lost it to try to pick it up again. When you complain about that bad haircut for the umpteenth time, just remember you're behaving just like a dog. Maybe that will stop you.
WORD FAMILY
hark: harked, harking, harks
USAGE EXAMPLES
The footage hark back to the New York of the 1980s, still very much present to some of the precinct’s residents.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Charles Wesley wrote a hymn that began “Hark how all the welkin rings/Glory to the king of kings”.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
The neon club signs and champagne fizzing hark back to the 1950s films.
Salon(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vi. <文>听; 回想; 重提
时态：harked, harking, harks
分布：重提(55%)，回想(45%)
→来自hear,听，-k,表强调。比较tale,talk.
US [hɑ:rk] old use
verb intransitive (also hearken)
■used to tell someone to listen （用于告诉某人）听
• Hark, I hear a distant trumpet! 听，我听到了远处的小号声！
UK [hɑ:k] US [hɑ:rk] old use
verb intransitive (also hearken)
Hark at sb ! humorous
■said to someone who has just accused you of something that you think they are guilty of themselves 听听（某人）在说甚么！（表示刚刚指责过你的人本身就有错）
• Hark at him calling me lazy when he never walks anywhere if he can drive! 听听他说的，还说我懒，他自己只要是能开车去的地方就绝不会走路去！
UK [hɑ:k] US [hɑ:rk] old use
verb intransitive (also hearken)
  Phrasal Verbs  hark back to sth
REPEAT
■If someone harks back to something in the past, they talk about it again and again, often in a way which annoys other people （常指令人厌烦地）反覆提起（过去的事），重提（往事）
• He's always harking back to his childhood and saying how things were better then. 他老是提起他的童年，说那时一切都比现在好。
BE SIMILAR
■If something harks back to something in the past, it is similar to it 与（以前的事物）相似
• The director's latest film harks back to the early years of cinema. 那个导演的新片与早期电影的风格类似。
vi. 听（常用于命令句）
 - hear, listen to

Word: luminary
Front: luminary
[ˈlu:mɪnəri] (宝 17353/21408 -1)
Vocabulary: luminary
(once / 3477 pages)
n
In scientific writing, Stephen J. Hawking is a luminary. People look up to this well-known scientist and author for his knowledge and insight.
Although luminary can mean an object or celestial body that gives off light, you'll often hear people talk about parties at which there were many luminaries in attendance. In this case, luminary means celebrity or well-known person in sports or politics, science or the arts. Think of them as being bright lights that make a party sparkle.
WORD FAMILY
luminary: luminaries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet he is also backed by a small army of hawkish GOP luminaries and deep-pocketed donors.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Trump was reportedly moved by recommendations from Republican luminaries like former Defense Secretary Robert Gates and former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
But West is a hip-hop luminary, and a noted critic of presidents.
Slate(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 杰出人物，名人; 天体; 发光体
分布：杰出人物(53%)，发光体(47%)
→来自拉丁语lumen,光亮，光线，词源同light.引申词义发光的人，专家，权威。
发光体;杰出人物(lumin+ary东西或人→发亮的人→名人)[lumin=light,表示"光"]
杰出人物(lumin明亮)[-ary 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,场所,物"]
【记】源于：lumen作为词根表示光。
US ['lu:.mə.ner.i] formal
noun countable
■a person who is famous and important in a particular area of activity （某一领域的）专家，知名人士
• Luminaries of stage and screen (= famous actors) assembled for last night's awards ceremony. 在昨晚的颁奖典礼上演艺界明星济济一堂。
n. 发光体；杰出人物；知识渊博的人
 - worthy, luminous body

Word: intentioned
Front: intentioned
[ɪn'tenʃənd] (-/33024)
Back: adj. 有…企图的，出于…意向的
分布：出于 ... 意向的(50%)，有 ... 企图的(50%)

Word: luggage
Front: luggage
[ˈlʌgɪdʒ] (高研四六 7333/7156 -K1)
Vocabulary: luggage
(once / 823 pages)
n
Luggage is anything you use to carry your things with you on a trip. If you're backpacking across Asia, your only luggage is the pack on your back.
Suitcases are luggage, and if you pack a trunk full of gifts to bring your family in India, that's luggage too. When you arrive at an airport after a flight, you might have to wait a while to pick up your checked luggage. Luggage comes from lug, or "drag," the way you sometimes have to lug your luggage onto a train or bus.
WORD FAMILY
luggage: luggages+/ lug: luggage, lugged, lugging, lugs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rescue crews met United Express Flight 6060 on the tarmac after authorities learned during the flight that the man was trapped with passengers’ luggage.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Baggage-claim areas were packed, and long lines formed on the street to check luggage curbside.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Officials said the explosive device was planted in the plane’s luggage compartment.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. <英>行李; <美>皮箱
分布：行李(100%)
→来自lug,拉，引申词义行李。
n.行李,皮箱The lagging man tagged the bags among the luggage with small flags.落伍者给行李中的袋子加上小旗标签.
(mainly US baggage)
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the bags, cases, etc. which contain your possessions and that you take with you when you are travelling 行李箱，行李
• Never leave your luggage unattended. 决不要把行李放在没人看管的地方。
• hand luggage (= small bags and cases that you take with you onto the plane) （可随身带上飞机的）手提行李
baggage, luggage
这组词都有“行李”的意思，其区别是：
baggage: 不可数名词，在英语指大而重的行李，在美国泛指一切行李。
luggage: 多用于英语，指旅行者的行李。
n. [交] 行李；皮箱
 - belonging, baggage

Word: numerical
Front: numerical
[nju:ˈmerɪkl] (研六托雅 10114/7312 -1)
Vocabulary: numerical
(once / 2003 pages)
adj
Anything numerical is related to numbers or can be expressed in numbers. Your height is a numerical concept, but your love for your friends is not.
You will learn many numerical concepts in math class: anything that has to do with numbers in any way can be referred to as numerical. Mathematicians deal with numerical issues, but poets do not — unless they're counting syllables, which is numerical because it involves numbers. Some people are better with numerical concepts than others — like accountants, statisticians, and math teachers.
WORD FAMILY
numerical: numerically+/ number: numbered, numbering, numberless, numbers, numerical, unnumberable/numbered: unnumbered/numbering: numberings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite their numerical disadvantage, Stuart Armstrong and Moussa Dembele added to their tally as Celtic won its 13th in a row.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
All-male teams will be limited to seven sailors, with mixed teams now being allowed a numerical advantage.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The GOP now holds numerical majorities in 33 legislatures.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 数字的，用数字表示的，数值的
分布：数字的(57%)，用数字表示的(43%)
a.数字的,用数字表示的,数值的We have numerical strength over the enemy.我方兵力多于敌方.
US [nu:-] adjective
■involving or expressed in numbers 数字的；以数字表示的
• a numerical calculation 数字运算
• numerical skill/ability 计数能力
• Keep your files in numerical order. 把你的档按照数字顺序排列。
• The UN forces have a numerical superiority over the rebels (= There are more of the UN forces). 联合国部队跟叛乱分子相比，人数占优势。
adj. [数] 数值的；数字的；用数字表示的（等于numeric）
 - digital

Word: oriental
Front: oriental
[ˌɔ:riˈentl] (研四六托雅 8982/7045 -2)
Back: adj. 东方的; 东方人的; 东方文化的; 优质的
n. 东方人; 东亚人
分布：东方的(51%)，东方人(34%)，东方人的(13%)，优质的(2%)
东方人a.东方的;亚洲的(orient+al)[ori,orig=rise,begin,表示"升起,开始"]
a.东方的,东方诸国的n.东方人The Oriental is proficient in the ingredients.东方人对成分熟练.
ADJ
东方的，东亚的（尤指中国和日本的）
Oriental means coming from or associated with eastern Asia, especially China and Japan.
例：There were Oriental carpets on the floors.地上铺的是来自东方的地毯。
例：...oriental food.东方食物
N-COUNT
东方人（尤指中国人或日本人）（可能具冒犯意味）
Some people refer to people from eastern Asia, especially China or Japan as Orientals. This use could cause offence.
例：The Orientals use no butter. They prefer the very healthful peanut oil.东方人不吃黄油，他们更喜欢对健康非常有益处的花生油。
adj. 东方的；东方人的
 - eastern
n. 东方人
 - eastern

Word: rapist
Front: rapist
[ˈreɪpɪst] (9940/12486 -1)
Back: n. 强奸犯
分布：强奸者(100%)
→来自 rape,强奸。
noun countable
■a person who forces someone to have sex with them 强奸犯
• The police have caught the rapist. 警方已经抓住了那个强奸犯。
n. 强奸犯
 - raper

Word: rotor
Front: rotor
[ˈrəʊtə(r)] (12358/9366 -1)
Back: n. 轮子，旋转器; 旋翼
分布：水平旋翼(67%)，旋转体(33%)
→缩写自 rotator,来自 rotate,旋转，转动。引申词义机器转子，转动部件等。
旋转体(not+or)[Rot=wheel,表示"轮子,转"]
US ['roʊ.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a part of a machine that spins, especially the device supporting the spinning blades of a helicopter （机器的）转子，旋转件；（尤指直升机的）旋翼
n. [电] [机] [动力] 转子；水平旋翼；旋转体
 - trochanter, rotator

Word: sidestep
Front: sidestep
[ˈsaɪdstep] (托宝 13073/19473 -1)
Vocabulary: sidestep
(once / 9016 pages)
vn
To sidestep something is to get around it by changing the subject or doing something else. If a little kid asks you where babies come from, you might sidestep the question by going to get ice cream. Very quickly.
People sidestep questions all the time. When celebrities or politicians don’t want to talk about something, they sidestep reporters’ questions by answering in a long-winded, vague way — or by saying, "No comment." You can also sidestep in a more literal way by physically stepping around things, or stepping to the side in a dance or march. The military term was first used in the eighteenth century, and the figurative meaning followed around 1900.
WORD FAMILY
sidestep: sidestepped, sidestepping, sidesteps
USAGE EXAMPLES
‘Ball’s not in my court’: Kirk Cousins sidesteps question about staying in D.C.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
But as is his way, Trump sidesteps all the complexities.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Sidestepping any of the nuance of the film itself, the title track from Jungle Fever is aggressively shiny, all surface, no reflection.
Slate(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: vi. 向侧方跨步; 回避
vt. 让开…的路; 躲避，绕开
n. 台阶; [体]避开与强手对阵; 侧跨步; 横跳躲闪
时态：sidestepped, sidestepping, sidesteps
分布：回避(94%)，向旁侧避让(6%)
【记】side，step：原指向旁边侧跨一步，后引申为回避。
【参】sidle（v 横着走；悄悄贴近）
【反】confront directly（直接面对）
['saɪd.step] (-pp-)
verb intransitive or transitive
■to step to the side in order to avoid something, especially being hit 横跨一步躲开；侧步避让
• He sidestepped the blow/the tackle. 他侧步避开了攻击／阻截队员。
■to avoid talking about a subject, especially by starting to talk about something else （尤指透过开始谈论别的事情）回避（某个话题）
• The speaker sidestepped the question by saying that it would take him too long to answer it. 演讲者借口说回答要很长时间而回避了这个问题。
vt. 回避；横跨一步躲避
 - shun, shy away from
n. 台阶；横跨的一步
 - steps

Word: siren
Front: siren
[ˈsaɪrən] (研六宝 6750/9836 -1)
Vocabulary: siren
(once / 3465 pages)
1n 2n 3n
You know that loud wailing sound coming up the highway behind you? That's the siren on the police car racing along, lights flashing, chasing a speeder (not you, of course).
The word comes from the Sirens in ancient Greek mythology, the women whose beautiful singing lures sailors to wreck their ships on the rocks. Remember Odysseus, in The Odyssey of Homer? He had his crew plug their ears and then tie him to the mast, so that he could hear the Siren song but not be destroyed by it. Most women won't mind if you call them a siren — meaning they're dangerously beautiful. Who'd object to that?
WORD FAMILY
siren: sirens
USAGE EXAMPLES
More than two dozen sirens scattered in cities from Orting to the Port of Tacoma would activate.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Still, a faint siren stirs inside of Couch Slouch that something is amiss when student-athletes renege on their part of the covenant.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
An air siren heralded Booker T.’s entrance.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 汽笛; 妖冶而危险的女人; 危险的诱惑; 塞壬（古希腊传说中半人半鸟的女海妖，惯以美妙的歌声引诱水手，使他们的船只或触礁或驶入危险水域）
分布：警报器(45%)，汽笛(39%)，迷人的女人(9%)，妖妇(7%)
→来自拉丁语 Siren,来自希腊语 Seiren,塞ft，古希腊神话中居住于海岛上的精灵，通过诱惑性 的歌声吸引水手将船只划向她们所在岛屿处的万丈海渊。其名字字面意思可能为绑定者，捆 绑者，来自 seira,绳子，绳索，词源同 series.引申词义汽笛，警笛，警报器等。
n.警报声,警报器The tiresome pirate sounded siren and let off fireworks.讨厌的海盗鸣汽笛放焰火.
【记】原指希腊神话中半人半鸟的女海妖塞壬，她常以美妙歌声迷住海员，使船只触礁沉没。后来船员装上了汽笛，吓跑了塞壬。拼：死人。死人啦，快拉警报，女海妖来了！！
US ['saɪr.ən] noun countable
DEVICE 装置
 ADVANCED
■a device for making a loud warning noise 警报器，汽笛
• police sirens 警笛
• When the air raid siren went off people ran to their shelters. 空袭警报响起时，人们纷纷跑向掩蔽所。
UK ['saɪə.rən] US ['saɪr.ən] noun countable
WOMAN 女子
■(in ancient Greek literature) one of the creatures who were half woman and half bird, whose beautiful singing encouraged sailors to sail into dangerous waters where they died 赛莲（古希腊神话中的海妖）
■a woman who is considered to be very attractive, but also dangerous 妖妇，迷人而危险的女人
n. [铁路] [船] 汽笛；迷人的女人；歌声动人的女歌手
 - hooter, whistle
adj. 迷人的
 - killing, taking, engaging, charming, fascinating
vt. 引诱
 - induce, seduce

Word: titanium
Front: titanium
[tɪˈteɪniəm] (11235/23407 -1)
Back: n. <化>钛
分布：名词(100%)
→来自 Titan,巨人，-ium,元素后缀，命名基于 uranium,铀，来自 Uranus.
noun uncountable
■a light, strong, white metallic element （化学元素）钛

Word: superficial
Front: superficial
[ˌsu:pəˈfɪʃl] (研四六托雅宝 8281/6471 -2)
Vocabulary: superficial
(once / 655 pages)
adj
Anything superficial has to do with the surface of something. If you're judging a book by its cover, you're being superficial. People who worry too much about their clothes and hair may also be considered superficial.
The word superficial has to do with appearances and the surface. If a car is in an accident, but it only has a few scratches, you could say it has superficial damage, because the important parts are OK. If you just glance at a movie for a second, your opinion will be more superficial than the opinion of someone who watched the whole film closely. Superficial can have a negative flavor; calling someone superficial is saying that they are shallow and care too little about meaningful things.
WORD FAMILY
superficial: superficiality, superficially+/superficiality: superficialities
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the Mexican elements are superficial, often just a bit of color or spice mixed into the standard avant-garde recipe.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
That speaks to a deeper continuity with past conservative outlooks than his superficial attacks against Bush-era neoconservative misadventures.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
The movie manages to be simultaneously superficial and heartbreaking.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 表面（上）的; 肤浅的，缺乏深度的; 一知半解的
分布：肤浅的(53%)，表面的(47%)
→super-,在上，上方，-fic,脸，表面，词源同 face.即面上的，表面的。
肤浅的(super+fic做＋ial→在表面上做)[super-①表示"超级,超过,过度"②表示"在…上面"]
a.表面的;肤浅的,浅薄的The superstitious man put the priority on the superficial supersonic superiority.迷信的人把优先权放在表面的超音速的优良上.
【记】super，fic做，ial－在上面做－表面的
【反】pith（n 重要部分）－superficial element（表面的因素）；central（adj 中心的）
US [-pɚ-] adjective
NOT SERIOUS 不认真的 disapproving
■(of a person) never thinking about things that are serious or important （人）浅薄的，肤浅的
• He's fun to be with, but he's very superficial. 和他在一起很有趣，但是他见识很肤浅。
UK [ˌsu:.pə'fɪʃ.əl] US [-pɚ-] adjective
NOT COMPLETE 不完整的 usually disapproving
■not complete and involving only the most obvious things 表面的，浅显的，肤浅的
• I thought that article was written at a very superficial level. 我认为那篇文章写得很肤浅。
• The documentary's treatment/analysis of the issues was very superficial. 这部纪录片对这个问题的处理／分析非常肤浅。
• I only have a superficial (= slight) knowledge of French. 我对法语只是略知皮毛。
UK [ˌsu:.pə'fɪʃ.əl] US [-pɚ-] adjective
FALSE APPEARANCE 虚假的表面
■appearing to be real or important when this is not true or correct 表面上的
• There are superficial similarities between the two cars, but actually they're quite different in terms of performance. 这两辆汽车表面上虽然相似，但事实上它们的性能相差甚远。
UK [ˌsu:.pə'fɪʃ.əl] US [-pɚ-] adjective
ONLY ON SURFACE 仅在表面
■only on the surface of something 仅在表面的，表层的
• superficial damage 表面损伤
• The driver only received superficial injuries/cuts/wounds. 司机只受了点皮外伤。
superficial, shallow
这组词都有“肤浅的，浅薄的”的意思，其区别是：
superficial: 通常指人的思想、言论、学识、著作等权停留于表面，缺乏必要的深度和全面性。
shallow: 指知识、议论、认识或立论肤浅，有时暗示图表面而无实际内容。
adj. 表面的；肤浅的
 - surface, external, facial, shallow
n. 表面文章；外表；浅薄的人
 - person, garment

Word: unchallenged
Front: unchallenged
[ʌnˈtʃælɪndʒd] (15839/13791 -1)
Back: adj. 未受到挑战的; 不成问题的; 未引起争论的; 无异议的
分布：未受质疑的(50%)，未受过挑战的(50%)
adjective
■accepted without asking questions or criticizing 未受挑战的；无异议的；未受批评的
• We can't allow her comments to go unchallenged. 我们不能对她的评论听之任之。
adj. 不成问题的；未引起争论的； [法] 不回避的
 - unproblematic, unquestioned

Word: underfund

Word: vodka
Front: vodka
[ˈvɒdkə] (8392/12062 -1)
Back: n. 伏特加酒
分布：伏特加酒(100%)
→来自俄语vodka,小水，精致的水，词源同water,-ka,小词后缀，词源同troika,三驾马车。
US ['vɑ:d-] noun countable or uncountable
■a colourless strong alcoholic drink made especially from grain or potatoes 伏特加（酒）
• "What would you like to drink?" "Vodka and tonic please." “你想喝点甚么？”“加奎宁水的伏特加。”
• This is my third vodka (= glass of vodka). 这是我的第三杯伏特加了。

Word: acknowledgement
Front: acknowledgement
[əkˈnɒlɪdʒmənt] (13380/6939 -1)
Vocabulary: acknowledgement
(once / 6880 pages)
n
Giving an acknowledgment is a way of giving credit or props. Acknowledgments let you know who contributed or did work on something.
If you look at the acknowledgments section of a book, it tells you who helped the author: writers give acknowledgment to editors, agents, friends, family, teachers, people they interviewed, and anyone else who helped them while writing. In sports or the entertainment world, award-winners usually give acknowledgment to people important them. When you see the word acknowledgment, think "giving credit and thanks".
WORD FAMILY
acknowledgement: acknowledgements+/ acknowledge: acknowledgeable, acknowledged, acknowledgement, acknowledges, acknowledging, acknowledgment /acknowledged: acknowledgedly, unacknowledged/ acknowledgment: acknowledgments
USAGE EXAMPLES
The U.S. confirmation was the first official coalition acknowledgement of his death.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Warner says she’s pleased with the archdiocese’s acknowledgement that while it’s in compliance, its work is not yet complete.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The school system provided no acknowledgement or explanation for the missing emails.
Washington Post(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 承认，确认; 致谢，鸣谢; 收条; [法]承认书
分布：确认(54%)，承认(33%)，感谢(12%)，=acknowledgment.(1%)
N-SING
（对事实、局面等的）承认
An acknowledgement is a statement or action which recognizes that something exists or is true.
例：The President's resignation appears to be an acknowledgment that he has lost all hope of keeping the country together...总统的辞职似乎表明他对维护国家稳定已不抱任何希望。
例：He appreciated her acknowledgement of his maturity.她承认他的成熟，他对此心怀感激。
N-PLURAL
（作者的）致谢，鸣谢
The acknowledgements in a book are the section in which the author thanks all the people who have helped him or her.
N-UNCOUNT
打招呼的表示（如微笑等）
A gesture of acknowledgement, such as a smile, shows someone that you have seen and recognized them.
例：Farling smiled in acknowledgement and gave a bow...法林微笑示意，又躬身行了个礼。
例：Mitzi nodded a perfunctory acknowledgement as her glass was filled.杯子被倒满时米芝敷衍性地点头示意。
N-VAR
公开致谢
An acknowledgement is a published statement in which you express your gratitude for or appreciation of something.
例：The benefit to the donor was an acknowledgment of the donation in a printed bulletin...捐赠者被印入捐赠公示榜以示感谢。
例：Grateful acknowledgment is made for permission to reprint.为获准重印致以深切感谢。
N-COUNT
（表示已收到信函等的）确认通知，收件复函
An acknowledgement is a letter or message that you receive from someone, telling you that something you have sent to them has arrived.
例：I have received neither an acknowledgment nor a reply.我未收到任何复函或答复。
n. 承认；确认；感谢
 - recognition, appreciation, verification, confirmation, thank

Word: counteract
Front: counteract
[ˌkaʊntərˈækt] (六托宝 12113/9701 -1)
Back: vt. 抵消; 阻碍; 中和
时态：counteracted, counteracting, counteracts
分布：对抗(48%)，抵制(26%)，中和(20%)，清除(6%)
→counter-, 同contra-，相对，相反。-act, 行为。
对抗;抵消(counter+act行为→反着行动→对抗)[counter-表示"反对,相反"]
抵抗;抵消(counter反＋act→反着动→力量对抗→抵消)[act=to do,to drive表示"行动,做"]
【记】counter反，act动作－以相反的行动使无效或减清效果－抵消
US [-tˌɚ.ækt] verb transitive
■to reduce or remove the effect of something unwanted by producing an opposite effect 抵消；对抗；减少
• Drinking a lot of water counteracts the dehydrating effects of hot weather. 大量饮水可缓解炎热天气引起的脱水。
vt. 抵消；中和；阻碍
 - offset, kill, slow

Word: bedrock
Front: bedrock
[ˈbedrɒk] (托 12485/15095 -1)
Vocabulary: bedrock
(once / 10553 pages)
n
Bedrock is the hard layer of rock beneath looser rocks and soil. In some places, the bedrock is exposed, while in others it lies deep underground.
A geologist who's interested in studying the bedrock in different areas might have to dig through the various layers of soil to reach that bedrock. You can also use the word in a figurative way, to mean "the heart of the matter," or "the basic, fundamental principles." For example, you might say that fairness and freedom is the bedrock of a good government. The word combines bed — here meaning "plot of land" — and rock.
WORD FAMILY
bedrock: bedrocks
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Thursday, the Obama administration imposed sanctions against Russia for interfering in the election, the bedrock of the U.S. political system.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He also put together “Bedrock 18 — Signals,” a multiartist compilation on three discs.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
On Thursday, the Obama administration imposed sanctions against Russia for interfering in the election, the bedrock of the American political system.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 牢固基础; 基本事实，基本原则; 最低点; 基岩
分布：基础(49%)，岩床(21%)，根底(15%)，基本原则(15%)
→bed, 河床。rock, 岩石。
US [-rɑ:k] noun
uncountable
■the hard area of rock in the ground which holds up the loose soil above 基岩
only singular
■the main principles on which something is based 基础
• Some people believe that the family is the bedrock of society. 一些人认为家庭是社会的基础。
n. [地质] 基岩；根底；基本原理
 - fundamental, basic principle

Word: cookie
Front: cookie
[ˈkʊki] (高 3269/21236 -K1)
Vocabulary: cookie
(once / 5445 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A cookie is a round, sweet baked good that's often eaten with a glass of milk. You might bake three dozen cookies to sell at your swim team's bake sale.
In Britain, it's a biscuit, and in the US it's a cookie. In both cases, it's a small cake that's baked on a cookie sheet. Your favorite cookies might be chocolate chip — or maybe you're more of an oatmeal raisin cookie type. When you see cookie in the context of computers, it means a bit of data that's sent from a website to your browser. This type of cookie helps your computer remember passwords and web pages it's visited.
WORD FAMILY
cookie
USAGE EXAMPLES
Last winter they perfected an edible cookie dough now on the menu.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Her signature item is the best-selling oatmeal marshmallow cookie — soft oatmeal cookies sandwiching a generous dollop of fluff.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
In the District, even a holiday cookie decorating event in Chevy Chase and a 5K “Ugly Sweater Run” were not spared.
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 饼干; 小甜点; 吸引人的年轻妇女; 甜面包
分布：饼干(100%)
→cook, 同cake, 糕点。
noun countable
BISCUIT 饼干
 IMPROVER (also cooky) mainly US
■a sweet biscuit 小甜饼，曲奇饼
• chocolate-chip cookies 巧克力甜饼
['kʊk.i] noun countable
TYPE OF PERSON 某类人 US informal
■a person of the type mentioned …样的人
• She's a smart/tough cookie. 她是个聪明／顽强的人。
['kʊk.i] noun countable
COMPUTING 电脑 specialized
■a piece of information stored on your computer which contains information about all the internet documents that you have looked at “甜饼”记忆块，魔块，网路跟踪器（记录上网用户资讯的文件）
['kʊk.i] noun countable
That's the way the cookie crumbles. saying
■said when something slightly unlucky has happened but it could not have been prevented and so must be accepted 生米已成熟饭；事已定局，无可变更
n. 饼干；小甜点
 - bicky, biscuit

Word: disavow
Front: disavow
[ˌdɪsəˈvaʊ] (宝 17395/23397)
Vocabulary: disavow
(once / 3364 pages)
v
To disavow is to deny support for someone or something. You might feel dissed if your biggest donor decides to suddenly disavow you in your run for president.
Disavow comes from a combination of the Old French prefix des- meaning "opposite of" and the word avoer meaning to "acknowledge, accept, recognize." When you disavow, you are doing the opposite of acknowledging or accepting. You're rejecting or denying. When you disavow something you've done in the past, you reject or deny what you've done.
WORD FAMILY
disavow: disavowable, disavowal, disavowed, disavowing, disavows+/ avow: avowal, avowed, avower, avowing, avows, disavow / avowal: avowals/avowed: avowedly, unavowed/avower: avowers/ disavowal: disavowals/unavowed: unavowedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was saying, “Everything that brought me to pop stardom I now disavow.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
She disavowed the American connotation and called herself pro-choice.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
He was slow to disavow an endorsement from David Duke, the former Ku Klux Klan leader.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 不承认，抵赖，拒绝对…承担责任
时态：disavowed, disavowing, disavows
分布：否认(91%)，不赞成(9%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。avow, 承认。
formal
verb transitive
■to say that you know nothing about something, or that you have no responsibility for or connection with something 声称对…一无所知；否认对…负有任何责任；声称与…毫无关联
• They were quick to disavow the rumour. 他们迅速否认与那些谣传有任何牵连。
• She tried to disavow her past. 她试图否认自己的过去。
vt. 否认，否定；抵赖；拒绝对…的责任
 - negative, deny

Word: erotic
Front: erotic
[ɪˈrɒtɪk] (7874/10223 -2)
Vocabulary: erotic
(once / 2846 pages)
adjn
Use erotic to describe a sexy, sexy person. What makes that person so sexy? Maybe his or her erotic attitude or looks, meaning "arousing."
The word erotic came into English from French — of course! — and can be traced back to the Greek word erōtikos, from erōs or erōt-, meaning “sexual love.” The adjective erotic is often used to describe a person’s carnal desires, but it can be used to characterize anything that’s sexual in nature or that arouses sexual desires, such as the erotic themes in a racy movie, an erotic dancer in a club, or erotic images in a painting.
WORD FAMILY
erotic: erotically, eroticism, eroticize, erotics, erotism+/eros: erotic /eroticism: eroticisms/eroticize: eroticized, eroticizes, eroticizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cinematic, visual, erotic, gentle and poetic are words that come to mind as I swirl around this collection.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
There isn’t much more erotic imagination in “Allied” than there is imagination of any other sort.
The New Yorker(Nov 29, 2016)
Or, in contrast, the erotic charge of the scene in The Grifters in which Annette Bening’s character runs naked down a corridor.
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: adj. （引起）性欲的，色情的
adv. 引起性欲地
n. 好色之徒
分布：性爱的(36%)，性欲的(25%)，色情的(21%)，好色之徒(11%)，恋爱诗(7%)
色情的[ero=love(爱)]
【记】源于希腊神话中的爱神Eros（伊洛斯）；Eros（n 性爱；性欲）e出，ro肉：露出肉的－性爱的e出，rot腐败：出门做一种腐败的事情－性爱的
【区】cupid（n 罗马爱神丘比特）cupidity（n 贪心；贪婪）
US [-'rɑ:.tˌɪk] adjective
■related to sexual desire and pleasure 性爱的，性欲的；色情的
• an erotic film 色情电影
• erotic dreams/feelings 有关性爱的梦／性冲动的感觉
adj. 色情的； [生物] 性爱的；性欲的
 - pornographic, sexy
n. 好色之徒
 - satyr, lewdster

Word: diligent
Front: diligent
[ˈdɪlɪdʒənt] (研四六托雅 14139/18419 -1)
Vocabulary: diligent
(once / 359 pages)
adj
Someone who is diligent works hard and carefully. If you want to write the epic history of your family, you'll have to be very diligent in tracking down and interviewing all of your relatives.
Diligent comes from the Latin diligere, which means "to value highly, take delight in," but in English it has always meant careful and hard-working. If you're a diligent worker, you don't just bang away at your job; you earnestly try to do everything right. Although being lucky and talented doesn't hurt, it's the diligent person who eventually succeeds.
WORD FAMILY
diligent: diligence, diligenter, diligently +/ diligence: diligences
USAGE EXAMPLES
“To me, democracy works best when people are diligent at avoiding even an appearance of interest conflict.”
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
“It also demands a diligent and exhaustive investigation.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In court papers responding to a lawsuit by Fee’s family, the medical center said the nursing home’s care was diligent.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 勤奋的; 勤勉的; 用功的; 费尽心血的
分布：勤奋的(82%)，用功的(18%)
→来自diligence, 勤奋。
a.勤奋的,用功的The diligent teller told a tedious story about the intelligent satellite.勤奋的出纳讲述了一个关于智能卫星的乏味故事.
adjective approving
■careful and using a lot of effort 认真刻苦的，勤奋的，勤劳的
• a diligent student 用功的学生
• Leo is very diligent in/about his work. 利奥工作非常勤奋。
• Their lawyer was extremely diligent in preparing their case. 律师为他们这个案子做了认真扎实的准备。
■done in a careful and detailed way 细致的，潜心的
• The discovery was made after years of diligent research. 这一发现是数年潜心研究的成果。
industrious, diligent
这组词都有“勤奋的”的意思，其区别是：
industrious: 指由习惯养成或天性形成的勤奋。
diligent: 多指为一定的目的或追求而勤奋。
adj. 勤勉的；用功的，费尽心血的
 - industrious, hard-working

Word: dredge
Front: dredge
[dredʒ] (13178/12638 -1)
Vocabulary: dredge
(once / 2520 pages)
1nv 2v
When a harbor becomes filled with silt, you dredge it to make it navigable again. You scoop out the mud with a big shovel, which is also called a dredge, and make a channel deep enough for ships.
Dredges have been at work in the Hudson River for years getting rid of industrial toxins, dredging up the contaminated sediment and loading it into barges to be carried away. If you've dropped your gold watch or your car rolled into a pond by mistake, there are dredges that can be dragged across the bottom to recover things that have fallen in. You can dredge up memories, too, which usually entails reminding people of unpleasant ones they’d rather forget.
WORD FAMILY
dredge: dredged, dredger, dredges, dredging+/dredger: dredgers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The city is still counting the cost of dredging the reservoir, which ran into many millions of dollars.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
While the oil is heating, dredge each wing in cornstarch, tossing to coat the wing completely.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The work would include construction of five bridges across the east-west canal, dredging and compensating for the environment impact of the project.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 清淤，疏浚（河道等）; 挖掘（泥土等），使显露; 捞取; （用面粉、糖等）撒
vi. 疏浚; 挖掘; 采捞
n. 挖泥机，疏浚机; （采牡蛎，捕鱼等用的）拖网，捞网; 悬浮矿石
时态：dredged, dredging, dredges
分布：挖泥机(37%)，翻出(21%)，用挖泥机疏浚(14%)，努力回忆(14%)，把粉撒在(14%)
→来自drag, 拉，拼写受-dge影响，见bridge, judge, knowledge. 引申义拉沙，疏通，疏浚。
【记】源于：drag（v 拖拉拽）读：拽纸－从sink（水槽）里往外拽纸－疏通；拽出来的东西是dregs（n 糟粕；渣滓；沉淀废物）
【区】drudge（v /n 苦工）dredge是一种drudge－读：抓纸，捡破烂的－苦工
【参】dredger（n 挖泥机；疏通机）
verb transitive
REMOVE 移走
■to remove unwanted things from the bottom of a river, lake, etc. using a sucking or other device 为…清淤，疏浚
• They have to dredge the canal regularly to keep it open. 为了保持运河的畅通他们必须定期进行清淤作业。
■to search an area of water by dredging （透过清淤）搜索，打捞
• The police are dredging the lake for his body. 警方在湖中打捞他的尸体。
• They dredged up (= brought to the surface) the man's clothes but not his body. 他们捞出了那个人的衣服，却没有找到他的尸体。
[dredʒ] verb transitive
FOOD 食物
■to drop flour, sugar, etc. over food 在…上撒（面粉，蔗糖等）
• Lightly dredge the cake with icing sugar. 在蛋糕上薄薄地撒一层糖霜。
[dredʒ] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] dredge sth up
■to talk about something bad or unpleasant that happened in the past 翻（旧帐），揭（伤疤），重提（不快往事）
• The article dredged up details of her unhappy childhood. 文章翻出了她不幸的童年琐事。
vt. （用挖泥船等） [水运] 疏浚；（用拖捞网等）捞取；（在食物上）撒（面粉等）
 - dust, desludge
vi. [水运] 疏浚， [船] 挖掘；采捞
 - to dig, tap into

Word: geothermal
Front: geothermal
[ˌdʒi:əʊˈθɜ:ml] (16179/28084)
Back: adj. 地热的，地温的，地热（或地温）产生的
分布：地热的(100%)
→geo-, 地，地球。thermal, 热的。
US [-oʊ'θɝ:-] specialized
adjective
■of or connected with the heat inside the Earth 地热的，地温的
• a geothermal power station 地热发电站

Word: esoteric
Front: esoteric
[ˌesəˈterɪk] (宝 13782/14668 -1)
Vocabulary: esoteric
(once / 4614 pages)
adj
Pssst... do you know the secret handshake? If you haven't been brought into the inner circle of those with special knowledge, esoteric things will remain a mystery to you.
In the olden days, achieving esoteric knowledge meant getting initiated into the mystical arts, learning secrets unknown to regular folks. Now when a subject is called esoteric it's usually something not so mystical but still hard to penetrate: financial accounting might seem esoteric for people who get easily stumped filling out their tax forms. Americans might find the sport of cricket to be esoteric, but the rules of baseball can be just as impenetrable to outsiders. The infield fly rule? Totally esoteric.
WORD FAMILY
esoteric: esoterically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sleep technology products range from the basic app to the esoteric.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
You become the conductor of a lavish, esoteric fireworks display, warm and unforgettable.
The New Yorker(Dec 24, 2016)
In any razor-thin voting outcome, it’s easy and fun to cite oddball or esoteric factors and claim they “decided” the race.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 秘传的; 机密的; 难解的，深奥的; 限于少数人的
分布：神秘的(35%)，秘传的(34%)，难懂的(31%)
→eso-, 进入，来自en-的扩大形式。-ter, 比较级后缀，见external. 即很里面的，难懂的。
秘传的[esoter=inner(内在)]
【记】es出，oter＝outer－不外传的－秘传的；深奥的
【反】generally known（众所周知的）；common accepted（普遍知道的）
US [ˌes.ə-] adjective
■very unusual; understood or liked by only a small number of people, especially those with special knowledge 极不寻常的；只有少数人（尤指内行）才懂的；限于小圈子的：
• He has an esoteric collection of old toys and games. 他收藏了一批极罕见的老玩具和游戏。
• disapproving or humorous She has a rather esoteric taste in clothes. 她的衣着品味极不寻常。
adj. 秘传的；限于圈内人的；难懂的
 - complicated, elusive

Word: gilbert
Front: gilbert
['gɪlbət] (-/5430)
Back: n. 吉伯（一种起磁力的单位）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: harp
Front: harp
[hɑ:p] (六宝 11984/12360 -1)
Vocabulary: harp
(once / 318 pages)
1nv 2v
A harp is a large, stringed musical instrument with a beautiful sound. If you want to play an instrument that's portable, you should choose a ukulele instead of a harp.
Many orchestras include a classical harp, which is such a big instrument that players usually need assistance to move them. Harps are played from a sitting position, resting on the player's shoulder as she plucks the strings with both hands. A folk harp is often smaller, sometimes sitting on a player's lap. When harp is used as a verb, it means to talk constantly and dully about one topic: "The harpist did nothing but harp on about the weather."
WORD FAMILY
harp: harped, harper, harping, harpist, harps+/harper: harpers/harpist: harpists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Obama harps on Russia’s weakness as an economy, as a political system, as a social role model—which is all true.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Harp said one of the most striking differences was that no one at the Waters Avenue location cleaned the bus carts.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Celtic musicians and the St. Andrew’s choirs will perform, Instruments include the hammered dulcimer, accordion, harp guitar, Irish flute and guitar.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 竖琴; 竖琴状的东西; [天]天琴座; <美俚>爱尔兰人
vi. 弹竖琴; 唠叨，喋喋不休; 不停地说
时态：harped, harping, harps
分布：竖琴(93%)，唠叨(4%)，反复诉说(3%)
→来自古英语hearpe,来自Proto-Germanic*harpon,竖琴。可能来自serp,弯，转，弯钩，词源同serpent,harpoon.因其同源词也包含折磨用的刑具。
【记】hard，p：harp一玩就是几个小时，P都hard了读：害怕－你妈突然让你学harp，你会感到很害怕想玩harp需要hard努力
US [hɑ:rp] noun countable
■a large, wooden musical instrument with many strings that you play with the fingers 竖琴
UK [hɑ:p] US [hɑ:rp] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  harp on informal disapproving
■to talk or complain about something many times 反覆谈论；不停抱怨
• He's always harping on about lack of discipline. 他总是抱怨纪律涣散。
• I know you want to go to Paris. Don't keep harping on (about it)! 我知道你想去巴黎。但别一直唠叨个不停！
vi. 弹奏竖琴；喋喋不休；不停地说
 - go on about sth, witter

Word: hunch
Front: hunch
[hʌntʃ] (宝 9261/12977 -1)
Vocabulary: hunch
(once / 2038 pages)
1n 2vn
When you pose for pictures with short friends, you hunch over so you don't tower above them — you scrunch up your shoulders, bend your knees, and try to look smaller.
You can also have a hunch, which has nothing to do with scrunching. When you have a hunch about something, you think it might be true. Your dog bolts over the fence, and you have a hunch he's heading for the neighbor who feeds him pâté. Hunch is an odd word of unknown origin, which seems to have originally meant "to push or shove" — to nudge.
WORD FAMILY
hunch: hunched, hunches, hunching
USAGE EXAMPLES
A few weeks later, though, the detectives were back, acting on what the court papers describe as a hunch.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
I crept down the stairs, back hunched, knees bent — attempting to lower my center of gravity.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
They named the male entitlement to public space that leaves women on trains and airplanes hunched into corners: manspreading.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 预感，直觉; 肉峰
v. 隆起; 向前移动
时态：hunched, hunching, hunches
分布：预感(77%)，肉峰(13%)，弯腰驼背(6%)，块(4%)
→词源不详，可能来自hump变体。比较bump,bunch.直觉义据说是来自过去迷信，在赌博前摸一摸驼子的驼背可以带来好运。
【源】源于古希腊神话中星神的寒池Hunch，主管预知未来，曾经预测了Narcissus（那喀索斯n 水仙花）与Echo（艾科n 回声）的悲剧。
noun countable
■an idea which is based on feeling and for which there is no proof 直觉；预感
• [+ that] I had a hunch that you'd be here. 直觉告诉我，你会来。
• Sometimes you have to be prepared to act on/follow a hunch. 有时候你要有心理准备依直觉行事。
[hʌntʃ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to lean forward with your shoulders raised or to bend your back and shoulders into a rounded shape 弓（背），弯腰
• We hunched round the fire to keep warm. 我们弓着身子围在火边取暖。
• Stand up straight and don't hunch your back. 站直，别弯着腰。
n. 预感；大块；肉峰
 - bulk, anticipation
vt. 耸肩；预感到；弯腰驼背
 - shrug
vi. 隆起；向前移动
 - bunch, move forward

Word: innate
Front: innate
[ɪˈneɪt] (六托宝 10178/10109 -1)
Vocabulary: innate
(once / 1325 pages)
adj
If a characteristic or ability is already present in a person or animal when they are born, it is innate. People have the innate ability to speak whereas animals do not.
Innate can also be used figuratively for something that comes from the mind rather than from external sources. Do you know someone with an innate sense of style? Some kids seem to have an innate sense of fairness where others seem to be natural bullies. In some contexts, innate means inherent. There is an innate sadness in certain types of ceremonies.
WORD FAMILY
innate: innately, innateness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite the capable inner circle he is assembling, and his innate political skills, Mr. Trump will learn that the presidency is a forlorn place.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Kipnis said he did the experiment that led to the discovery “on a whim” after reading about type 2 innate lymphocytes in another paper.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
There must be some predisposition toward the "doorway" end of the spectrum along with the serendipity of the life experience that nurtures these innate impulses.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
Back: adj. 天生的; 特有的，固有的; 内在的，直觉的
分布：天生的(65%)，固有的(35%)
→in-,进入，使，-nat,出生，词源同natal,native.即出生就有的，天生的。
生来的;天然的(in进+nate→与出生一起进来)[nat=born,表示"出生的"]
生来的,天赋的(in在...内+nate出生)"[-ate 1.表动词"做,造成"2.表形容词"具有…的"3.表名词"人或地位"]
【记】in里面，nate出生－出生时就在身体里面的－天生的inn（n 小旅馆），ate吃：在inn里吃饭是一些人的固有的本性。
【参】natality（n 出生率；出生）
adjective
■An innate quality or ability is one that you were born with, not one you have learned 天生的，固有的
• Cyril's most impressive quality was his innate goodness. 西里尔给人印象最深的品质是他天生的善良。
adj. [医] 先天的；固有的；与生俱来的
 - inherent, native, intrinsic, congenital

Word: raze
Front: raze
[reɪz] (托宝 16914/21889)
Vocabulary: raze
(once / 4048 pages)
v
Raze means to tear an object down to the ground. Before Donald Trump can raze that family's home to build another skyscraper, he's going to have to cut them a big check.
Raze is most often used to refer to knocking buildings down for construction projects, but it can also describe tearing down other objects. You can raze the sand dunes in order to make the beach perfectly flat. Raze comes from the word rasen, meaning "to scrape or erase," and it sounds similar to the word erase, which can help you remember its meaning. If you raze something, in a way it has been erased — it no longer exists in its previous form.
WORD FAMILY
raze: razed, razeed, razes, razing +/ razing: razings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fox News analyst Charles Krauthammer recommended that Mr. Trump raze the U.N.’s New York headquarters, “put his name on it and turn it into condos.”
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But Sauls noted that, especially with the razing of Post Headquarters, “there is no Fort Jackson Historic District.”
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The playground equipment was installed after the old high school was razed and cleared.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 彻底摧毁，将…夷为平地
时态：razed, razing, razes
分布：夷为平地(38%)，摧毁(26%)，消除(20%)，抹去(16%)
→来自古法语 raser,刮，削，来自拉丁语 radere,刮，咬，词源同 rodent,eraser.引申词义使夷为平 地。
铲平,摧毁(raze=ras→擦掉→铲平)[Ras,rad=scrape,表示"刮擦"]
【反】build＝construct（v 建造）
verb transitive
■to completely destroy a city, building, etc 把（城市、建筑物等）夷为平地；彻底摧毁
• The town was razed to the ground in the bombing raid - not a building was left standing. 整个城镇在空袭中被夷为平地——没有一座建筑物幸存。
vt. 夷为平地；破坏；消除；拆毁
 - destroy, eliminate, avoid

Word: lignite
Front: lignite
[ˈlɪgnaɪt] (37575/29687)
Back: n. 褐煤
分布：褐煤(100%)
→来自拉丁语lignum,柴火，木炭，来自leg,收集，拣拾，词源同collect.因褐煤形如不完全燃烧的木炭而得名。
n. [矿物] 褐煤
 - wood coal

Word: patently
Front: patently
[ˈpeɪtəntli] (16413/13725)
Vocabulary: patently
(once / 10649 pages)
adv
Use the adverb patently when you want to emphasize something as clearly obvious. For example, you might say "It's patently clear that you hate spinach."
It might be patently obvious to you that your roommate forgot to take out the trash, or patently absurd that your brother thinks he will have a long, successful career as a street magician and fire juggler. Either way, the word patently serves to emphasize how apparent or clear your observation is. The Latin root of patently makes its meaning patently clear: patere means "lie open" or "be open."
WORD FAMILY
patent: patency, patented, patentedly, patentee, patenting, patently, patents+/patency: patencies/patented: unpatented/patentee: patentees
USAGE EXAMPLES
An airline official called the allegations “patently false.”
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
An airline executive calls the allegations “patently false.”
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
This baseless drivel is fake news at its most patently absurd.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adv. 明白地，公然地
分布：公然地(40%)，明白地(40%)，毫无疑问地(20%)
US [-tənt-] adverb
■in a way that is clear 显然
• She was patently lying. 她显然在说谎。
• It's patently obvious that he doesn't care. 很显然，他并不在乎。
adv. 明显地；公然地；明白地
 - obviously, clearly, publicly, broadly, markedly

Word: reconnaissance
Front: reconnaissance
[rɪˈkɒnɪsns] (宝 11909/12522 -1)
Vocabulary: reconnaissance
(once / 2792 pages)
n
Reconnaissance is checking out a situation before taking action. Often it’s used as a military term, but you could also do reconnaissance on a new employee before you hire her, or a resort before you take a vacation.
Reconnaissance is a noun, and it technically means “the act of reconnoitering.” Whoa. Never heard that word before? Reconnoitering is just a fancy way of saying that you’re checking something out — sometimes in a sneaky way. If you like a girl in your Spanish class, you might ask a friend to do some reconnaissance to find out what she’s like. The word comes from the French reconnaître, which means “recognize.”
WORD FAMILY
reconnaissance: reconnaissances+/reconnoitre: reconnaissance, reconnoitred, reconnoitres, reconnoitring/reconnoitring: reconnoitrings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the newbies here early hadn’t been able to perform much reconnaissance.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
He did a little informal reconnaissance in June when he was guest conductor with the Buenos Aires Philharmonic.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
In the Middle East, the German air force flies reconnaissance only – no bombing.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （对某地区的）侦察或观测（尤指为军事目的），（执行侦察任务的）巡逻队、飞行队等; 勘探; 选点; 勘查
分布：侦察(92%)，勘察(8%)
→来自古法语 reconissance,认出，证实，来自拉丁语 recognoscere,知道，回想，认出，来自 re-, 再，重新，con-,表强调，-gn,知道，了解，词源同 know,note.-ss,过去分词格，-ance,名词后缀。 拼写比较 renaissance.引申词义侦察。
【记】源于：recognize（v 认可；承认），为了认识敌情而勘测
US [-'kɑ:.nə-] (UK informal recce) (US informal recon) specialized
noun uncountable
■the process of getting information about enemy forces or positions by sending out small groups of soldiers or by using aircraft, etc 侦察
• Aerial reconnaissance of the enemy position showed they were ready to attack. 对敌人阵地进行的空中侦察显示，敌军已经做好了进攻的准备。
n. [军] 侦察；勘测（等于reconnoissance）；搜索；事先考查
 - scanning, searching

Word: relegate
Front: relegate
[ˈrelɪgeɪt] (六宝 9699/9742 -2)
Vocabulary: relegate
(once / 1951 pages)
v
Relegate means assign to a lower position. If the quarterback of the football team stops making decent throws he might be relegated to the position of benchwarmer, while another kid is given the chance to play.
Relegate rhymes with delegate––both words derive from the Latin legare "send." Relegate means to send someone down in rank. Delegate means to send someone in your place to complete a task. In the workplace, managers who can't figure out how to delegate may get relegated to a lesser rank.
WORD FAMILY
relegate: relegated, relegates, relegating, relegation+/relegation: relegations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Supportive experts were relegated to the public hearing portion of the meeting for brief comments.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
But Super Mario Run relegates its female characters to positions of near helplessness.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Menorahs usually get a pass because they are small, frequently relegated to a corner and usually enjoy a glaringly brief display season.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 使降级; 使降职; 转移; 把…归类
时态：relegated, relegating, relegates
分布：移交(34%)，流放(22%)，委任(22%)，使降级(22%)
→re-,向后，往回，-leg,送出，词源同 legate,delegate.引申词义降级，贬职。
放逐;贬职(re反+leg+ate→反法律的人被→放逐)[leg,legis=law,表示"法律"]
【记】re反，leg腿，ate－腿反走－降级
【反】aggrandize（v 增加；夸大）
verb transitive
■to put someone or something into a lower or less important rank or position 贬职；使降级；降低…的地位
• She resigned when she was relegated to a desk job. 因被降职做文书，她就辞了职。
• The story was relegated to the middle pages of the paper. 这篇报道从重要版面撤下，放到了中间的版面上登出。
■UK
■If a football team is relegated, it is moved down to a lower division 使（足球队）降级
• If Southampton lose again they may be relegated from the Premier League to the First Division. 如果南安普敦队再输掉比赛的话，就要从英超降级到英甲了。
Compare promote
vt. 把降低到；归入；提交
 - put in, hand in

Word: semblance
Front: semblance
[ˈsembləns] (托雅宝 13183/13871 -1)
Vocabulary: semblance
(once / 1083 pages)
n
Semblance is all about illusion. Cramming all of your dirty clothes into the closet gives the semblance, or false appearance, that you've done your laundry — but the stench might give you away.
Semblance comes from the 14th-century French word for "resemble," and it is a noun for things that look one way on the outside but are very different on the inside. A popular combination is to say that a person or place has the "semblance of order," when, underneath, everything is out of control.
WORD FAMILY
semblance: semblances
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This is the semblance of a state, and not a real state.”
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
So don’t expect any semblance of understatement from Ms. Carey for her annual run of holiday shows at the Beacon.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
But as the government advanced this past week, all semblance of order was shattered.
New York Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 外表，外观; 类似; 假装; 副本，拷贝
分布：类似(29%)，外表(28%)，外观(17%)，假象(14%)，假装(12%)
→来自古法语 sembler,看起来，来自（异化自）拉丁语 simulare,模仿，词源同 same,similar.引 申诸相关词义。
类似;外观相像(sembl+ance→相同之处)[simil,simul,sembl=alike,same表示"相类似,一样"]
【记】源于：resemble（v 象；类似）
【参】dissemble（v 掩饰；假装不知）
['sem.blənts] slightly formal
noun uncountable
■a situation or condition which is similar to what is wanted or expected, but is not exactly as hoped for 近似；相似；假像
• The city has now returned to some semblance of normality after last night's celebrations. 昨晚的庆典过后，这座城市似乎恢复了平日的样子。
• He was executed without even the semblance of a fair trial. 甚至连点像样的公正审判都没有，他就被处死了。
n. 外貌；假装；类似
 - aspect, simulation, acting, similarity, colour

Word: slacken
Front: slacken
[ˈslækən] (托宝 21432/14221 -1)
Vocabulary: slacken
(once / 1162 pages)
v
To slacken is to loosen the tension on or tightness of something. If you slacken the clothesline any more, the clothes will be on the ground next time you hang out the wash.
Slacken, in the "to loosen" sense, can also be used figuratively. Because you have been so responsible, we're going to slacken the rules about curfew on non-school nights and let you stay out an hour later. Slacken also means to slow down or make less active. If you are in a sprint race, you won't want to slacken your pace until after you cross the finish line or you might not win.
WORD FAMILY
slacken: slackened, slackening, slackens+/ slack: slacked, slacken, slacker, slackest, slacking, slackly, slackness, slacks/slackening: slackenings/ slacker: slackers/slackness: slacknesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Emirates Airline last month reported a 75% drop in half-year net profit, citing currency fluctuations and a slackening in demand due to the economic slowdown.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
The pace slackens and saddens a bit in the movie’s second-to-last chapter, “Fall.”
Slate(Dec 09, 2016)
But the rebels’ bargaining power is shrinking with their territory, and as one of their main backers, Turkey, appears to be slackening support.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）放慢; （使）放松、松懈、松弛; （使）减弱
时态：slackened, slackening, slackens
分布：使松弛(58%)，使缓慢(28%)，变弱(14%)
→slack,松懈的，-en,使。引申诸相关词义。
【反】tauten（v 拉紧）
verb intransitive or transitive
LESS TIGHT 变松
■to (cause to) become loose （使）变松，（使）松开
• Slacken the reins or you'll hurt the horse's mouth. 松开缰绳，否则你会弄伤马的嘴。
['slæk.ən] verb intransitive or transitive
LESS ACTIVE 放慢
■to (cause to) become slower or less active 放慢，放松，减缓
• He stooped to pick it up, without slackening his pace (= without walking more slowly). 他弯腰将它拾起，并没有因此放慢脚步。
• The pace of trading slackened during the winter months. 冬天那几个月里贸易活动明显减少。
• The management expects demand to slacken (off) in the New Year. 管理部预计新年期间需求会减少。
• The car's speed slackened (off) as it went up a steep hill. 汽车爬上陡坡时速度减慢了。
• Most people slacken off/up at the end of a day's work. 大多数人在一天工作快结束时都会松懈下来。
vi. 松劲，懈怠；变松弛；变缓慢
 - slack off, keep a slack hand
vt. 使缓慢；使松弛
 - relax

Word: steroid
Front: steroid
[ˈsterɔɪd] (12504/16184 -1)
Back: n. [生化]甾类化合物，类固醇
分布：类固醇(100%)
→来自 sterol,固醇，-oid,类。
US ['ster.ɔɪd] US ['stɪr.ɔɪd] noun countable
■one of the different types of chemical substances that are produced in the body 类固醇
■an artificial form of a natural chemical substance which is used for treating particular medical conditions （人工合成的用于治疗某些疾病的）类固醇
• I'm taking steroids/I'm on steroids for my asthma. 我正在服用类固醇治我的哮喘。
■a drug which increases the development of your muscles, sometimes taken illegally by people taking part in sports competitions （有时被运动员违规服用的用于促使肌肉发达的）类固醇
n. [生化] 类固醇； [有化] 甾族化合物
 - ketosteroid, corticosteroids

Word: trainee
Front: trainee
[ˌtreɪˈni:] (10931/4756 -1)
Back: n. 受训练的人[动物]; 新兵; 练习生，实习生
分布：实习生(66%)，新兵(12%)，练习生(12%)，训练中的动物(10%)
→train,训练，-ee,表被动人。
受训练者(train训练)[-ee表名词"被动或主动的人"]
noun countable
■a person who is learning and practising the skills of a particular job 受培训者；实习生，见习生
• a trainee dentist/electrician 实习牙医／电工
n. [经管] 练习生，实习生；受训者；新兵；训练中的动物
 - internship, recruit

Word: tiresome
Front: tiresome
[ˈtaɪəsəm] (研六 17944/13772 -1)
Back: adj. 令人生厌的; 无聊的
分布：讨厌的(72%)，令人厌倦的(28%)
a.使人厌倦的,讨厌的The tiresome pirate sounded siren and let off fireworks.讨厌的海盗鸣汽笛放焰火.
US ['taɪr-] adjective
■boring or annoying; making you lose patience 令人厌倦的；使人不耐烦的
• I find it very tiresome doing the same job day after day. 我觉得日复一日地做同样的工作令人非常厌烦。
• He has the tiresome habit of finishing your sentences for you. 他喜欢接别人还没说完的话，这个习惯很叫人讨厌。
adj. 烦人的，无聊的；令人讨厌的
 - terrible, boring

Word: berry
Front: berry
[ˈberi] (四 6096/10034 -2)
Back: n. 浆果; 干种子，干果仁; 子，卵
vi. 寻找浆果，采摘浆果; 结浆果
时态：berried, berrying, berries
分布：浆果(97%)，采浆果(3%)
→可能来自bur, 毛，刺。指生长莓子的灌木，后指莓子。
【记】不好意思：我的英文名叫Barry，因为我爱berry。
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a small round fruit on particular plants and trees 浆果
n. [园艺] 浆果（葡萄，番茄等）
 - bacca, pepo

Word: cantor
Front: cantor
[ˈkæntɔ:(r)] (25814/39155)
Back: n. 合唱指挥家，领唱者
分布：名词(100%)
→来自词根cant, 唱，吟唱，见chant.
US [-tɔ:r] noun countable
■an official of a Jewish synagogue (= religious building) who sings and leads prayers （犹太教会堂的）领唱
■someone who formally leads the singing in a Christian church choir （基督教唱诗班的）领唱
n. 合唱指挥家；独唱者
 - chazan, soloist

Word: comptroller
Front: comptroller
[kənˈtrəʊlə(r)] (19425/23751 -1)
Back: n. 审计员; 检查官
分布：监查官(63%)，会计检查官(37%)
→来自controller的拼写变体，拼写受compute影响。
US [-'troʊ.lɚ] mainly US formal
noun countable
■a controller , especially in titles of public finance officials and organizations 主计长，财务总管，审计员（尤用于公共财务官员头衔和组织名称中）
• Office of the Comptroller and Auditor General 主计审计长公署

Word: cris

Word: greeting
Front: greeting
[ˈgri:tɪŋ] (中高研四六 6324/6498 -1)
Back: n. 招呼，问候; 敬礼; 祝贺; 欢迎辞
v. 问候(greet的现在分词); 致敬; 迎接
分布：问候(92%)，打招呼(8%)
n.问候,致敬He gave me a cheerful greeting.他亲切地问候我.
US [-tˌɪŋ] noun
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■something friendly or polite that you say or do when you meet or welcome someone 问候；招呼；迎接
• They briskly exchanged greetings before starting the session. 他们开会前简短地互相致意。
• He nodded his head in greeting. 他点头致意。
greetings [plural]
■a message that says you hope someone is well, happy, etc 祝词；祝愿语；问候词
• birthday/Christmas greetings 生日／圣诞祝福
• formal My father sends his greetings. 我父亲向你们问好。
• formal Greetings to you, my friends and colleagues. 朋友们，同事们，你们好。
n. 问候，招呼；祝贺
 - regard, salutation
v. 致敬，欢迎（greet的现在分词）
 - welcoming

Word: giddy
Front: giddy
[ˈgɪdi] (宝 11227/21938 -1)
Vocabulary: giddy
(once / 1023 pages)
adj
If you've ever spun in circles until you fell to the ground laughing, you know how it feels to be giddy. This adjective can mean dizzy, elated, or — as in the spinning around example –- a lightheaded, lighthearted combination of the two.
The hackneyed phrase "giddy as a schoolgirl" calls forth the image of a kid giggling with her friends over some adolescent foolishness. Giddy has been used to describe someone incapable of serious thought or easily excited as far back as the sixteenth century. Given that, in modern usage, giddy describes someone silly and frivolous, it's interesting to know that the Old English source for this word has a slightly darker tinge: gidig means "insane" or "god-possessed."
WORD FAMILY
giddy: giddied, giddier, giddiest, giddily, giddiness+/giddiness: giddinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I am pretty giddy,” said Mr. Cole as he looked ahead.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“This is my first foster fail,” she said in a phone interview, sounding not at all defeated, but categorically giddy.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
In October 1979, Dr. Ehrlich told The Wall Street Journal he wasn’t ready to join his giddier colleagues in bidding up stocks.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 头晕的; 眼花的; 轻浮的，轻佻的; 轻狂的
vt. & vi. 使眩晕; 使眼花
级别：giddier, giddiest
分布：轻浮的(62%)，头晕的(17%)，眼花的(14%)，轻率的(7%)
→来自god, 神，引申义鬼神附体，眩晕，参照enthusiasm.
【记】读：极低－极为低级（想象）－轻浮而不严肃的
【反】grave（adj 严重的；严肃的）；serious（adj 严肃认真的；严重的）
adjective
■ dizzy
adj. 头晕的；眼花的；令人眼花缭乱的；轻浮的
 - light-headed, fuzzy-headed
vt. 使晕眩；使眼花缭乱
 - daze
vi. 眼花；眩晕
 - swim

Word: extrapolate
Front: extrapolate
[ɪkˈstræpəleɪt] (宝 14252/15251)
Vocabulary: extrapolate
(once / 19345 pages)
v
When you extrapolate, you use specific details to make a general conclusion. For example, if you travel to Canada and encounter only friendly, kind natives, you might extrapolate that all Canadians are friendly.
The verb extrapolate can mean "to predict future outcomes based on known facts." For example, looking at your current grade report for math and how you are doing in class now, you could extrapolate that you'll likely earn a solid B for the year. Another meaning of extrapolate is "estimate the value of." You could extrapolate how much your antique watch is worth by finding how much similar watches sold for at recent auctions.
WORD FAMILY
extrapolate: extrapolated, extrapolates, extrapolating, extrapolation +/ extrapolation: extrapolations
USAGE EXAMPLES
They detected, classified and cataloged several hundred thousand stars and extrapolated crucial discoveries about our universe in the process.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Well, I would be cautious about extrapolating too much from a single comparison.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
"The numbers will be considerably higher in most parts of the world, but we lack the data to extrapolate the total numbers yet," Chapman said.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: v. （由已知资料对未知事实或价值）推算，推断
时态：extrapolated, extrapolating, extrapolates
分布：推知(53%)，推测(47%)
→extra-, 外面的，超过的。-pol, 推，驱动，词源同polish, interpolate,expel.
推断(extra+polate放→放到(事实)外→推断)[extra-表示"以外的,超过的"]
【记】extra外，pol放－从里往外放出想法－推断extra额外，pol＝poll投票－回忆一下申奥时的情景，第一轮投票没有结果，就要进行额外的投票－从已知推断或估计未知
【参】interpolate（v 插入；窜改）放进想法
verb intransitive or transitive
■to guess or think about what might happen using information that is already known 推断；推知
• You can't really extrapolate a trend from such a small sample. 你不能单凭这样一件小小的样品就推断出潮流的真正发展趋势。
vt. [数] 外推；推断
 - understand, conclude

Word: fatality
Front: fatality
[fəˈtæləti] (9771/14481 -1)
Vocabulary: fatality
(once / 2352 pages)
n
If you hear on your car radio that there has been a traffic accident up ahead with one fatality, you should be very thankful you were not involved. A fatality is, quite simply and grimly, a human death.
You will often hear fatality used in conjunction with the aftermath of a disaster, natural or otherwise. For example, a news broadcaster may say, "We have received reports of at least one fatality as a result of the storm." Fatality has its roots in the Latin word fatalis, meaning "decreed by fate." When it comes to fatality, being in the wrong place at the wrong time can certainly be ill-fated.
WORD FAMILY
fatality: fatalities+/ fatal: fataler, fatalest, fatalism, fatality, fatally, nonfatal/ fatalism: fatalisms, fatalist, fatalistic / fatalist: fatalists/ fatalistic: fatalistically/nonfatal: nonfatally
USAGE EXAMPLES
No Americans were believed to be among the fatalities.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
McKinney Police said they “working the scene of a fatality plane crash.”
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Four cars were involved in the crash; Morris was the only fatality.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 灾祸; 死亡（事故）; 宿命; 致命性
分布：死亡(74%)，致命性(13%)，灾祸(7%)，天命(6%)
US [-tˌi] noun countable
■a death caused by an accident or by violence, or someone who has died in either of these ways （事故或暴力事件中的）死亡，死者
• Britain has thousands of road fatalities (= deaths on roads) every year. 英国每年死于交通意外的人数以千计。
• The first fatalities of the war were civilians. 战争中首当其冲丧命的是平民百姓。
n. 死亡；宿命；致命性；不幸；灾祸
 - death, disaster, end, evil, dying

Word: infuse
Front: infuse
[ɪnˈfju:z] (托宝 8860/15117 -1)
Vocabulary: infuse
(once / 913 pages)
v
To infuse is to steep something in a liquid to extract the flavors from it. You'll impress your friends with your cooking if you infuse rosemary and thyme in broth and then use the liquid to marinate chicken.
To infuse also means to inspire or fill with a certain quality. You goal might be to infuse your writing with such humor that your readers laugh until they cry. The medical meaning of infuse is to introduce a medicinal therapy through a patient's vein. When you're badly dehydrated, doctors may need to infuse you with fluids. The Latin root infusus means "to pour into."
WORD FAMILY
infuse: infused, infuses, infusing, infusion +/ infusion: infusions
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I wanted to infuse some confidence in my teammates,” Rodgers said.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But on June 28, 2011, an issue of The Spine Journal said clinical studies by doctors with financial ties to Medtronic understated Infuse's risks.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Add about 4 whole sprigs of thyme to infuse the stock.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 灌输，加入（一种特性）; 使充满; 浸渍; 鼓舞，激发
vi. 沏（茶），泡（草药）
时态：infused, infusing, infuses
分布：注入(82%)，鼓舞(10%)，泡制(4%)，使获得(4%)
→in-,进入，使，-fus,流，涌进，词源同fuse,confuse.
注入,灌输(in进入+fuse→流进去→注入)[fus=pour,表示"流,泻"]
【记】in进入，fuse流－流进去－灌输
【反】drain away（排出）；refuse（vt 拒绝接受）；extract（v 拔出）
verb
EMOTION 感情
[T + obj + prep]
■to fill someone or something with an emotion or quality 使（某人）充满（某种感情）；将（某特性）注入（某物）
• The pulling down of the Berlin Wall infused the world with optimism. 柏林围墙的倒塌使全世界欢欣鼓舞。
• The arrival of a group of friends on Saturday infused new life into the weekend. 星期六一群朋友的到来给周末生活注入了新的活力。
[ɪn'fju:z] verb
DRINK 饮料
intransitive or transitive
■If you infuse a drink or it infuses, you leave substances such as tea leaves or herbs in hot water so that their flavour goes into the liquid 泡（茶）；泡制（草药）
• Allow the tea to infuse for five minutes. 让茶泡五分钟。
vt. 灌输；使充满；浸渍
 - freight, indoctrinate

Word: handcuff
Front: handcuff
[ˈhændkʌf] (11213/19376 -1)
Vocabulary: handcuff
(once / 2370 pages)
nv
A handcuff is a metal restraint that closes around a person's wrist. When police arrest a suspect, they often put handcuffs on him.
You'll almost always find this word in its plural form, since handcuffs come in pairs, one for each wrist. It's also a verb, meaning "to put handcuffs on a person." Police officers carry handcuffs with them, so that they're ready to handcuff criminals and troublemakers. Handcuffs hold the wrists close to each other, usually behind the wearer's back. The earliest meaning of handcuff was "decorative sleeve," in the 1640s.
WORD FAMILY
handcuff: handcuffed, handcuffing, handcuffs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Goff was down there, somewhere, sacked by giants, handcuffed by his coaches, left lying in the limbo of a lost autumn.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The 18-year-old was handcuffed and placed in the back of a police car with no partition.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Even when they leave their cells, inmates are handcuffed and escorted by guards.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 手铐; 思想上的桎梏
vt. 给…戴上手铐; 限制
时态：handcuffed, handcuffing, handcuffs
分布：上手拷(100%)
→hand,手，cuff,袖口，手铐。
['hænd.kʌf] (informal cuff)
verb transitive often passive
■to put handcuffs on someone 给…戴手铐
• He arrived in court handcuffed to two police officers. 他上了法庭，手分别与两名员警的手铐在一起。
vt. 给…戴上手铐；限制
 - block, qualify
n. 手铐；思想上的桎梏
 - shackles, darby

Word: invaluable
Front: invaluable
[ɪnˈvæljuəbl] (研六托雅 10081/6383 -1)
Vocabulary: invaluable
(once / 1218 pages)
adj
If you're robbed, much of what is stolen can be replaced. All you need is the cash value of what was lost. But some things––family photos, heirloom jewelry––are invaluable, meaning extremely valuable, or priceless.
At first glance, you would think that invaluable means "not valuable." But to understand its meaning, you'd have to know that it was formed from the prefix in- "not" plus the verb value, plus the suffix –able "able to be." So something invaluable has such great value that its value can't be calculated.
WORD FAMILY
invaluable: invaluableness, invaluably+/devaluate: devaluated, devaluates, devaluating/devaluation: devaluations/ devalue: devaluate, devaluation, devalued, devalues, devaluing/overvalue: overvaluation, overvalued, overvalueing, overvalues, overvaluing/revaluation: revaluations/revalue: revaluation, revalued, revalues, revaluing/undervaluation: undervaluations/undervalue: undervaluation, undervalued, undervalues, undervaluing/ valuable: invaluable, valuableness, valuables, valuably/valuate: valuating, valuation, valuator/valuation: valuations/valuator: valuators/ value: devalue, overvalue, revalue, undervalue, valuable, valuate, valued, valueless, valuer, values, valuing/valued: multi-valued, unvalued/valueless: valuelessness/valuer: valuers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The resources provided by Homegrown By Heroes proved invaluable.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
These patient measures will be invaluable as rare diseases become better understood.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Mr. Trump called him “an invaluable asset” and praised the breadth of experience he would bring to the new administration.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 非常宝贵的; 无法估计的; 无价的; 金不换
分布：无价的(92%)，非常珍贵的(8%)
→in-,不，非，value,价值。即无法估量价值的，无价的，极宝贵的。同时，也可理解成毫无价值的，但该词义已做古。
无法估价的(in不+val+uable→不能估价的)[vail,val=strong,表示"强壮"]
a.非常宝贵的,无价的The painting is an invaluable treasure.这幅画是无价之宝.
adjective
■extremely useful 极有用的，宝贵的
• The new job will provide you with invaluable experience. 这份新工作将使你获得宝贵的经验。
• Such data will prove invaluable to/for researchers. 这些资料对于研究人员来说将是非常宝贵的。
valueless/worthless, priceless, invaluable
valueless/worthless: 没有价值的；
priceless: 无价之宝的；
invaluable: 一般不形容价格或钱，意为“非常有用的”
valueless, invaluable
valueless: a.没有价值的，相当于worthless。
 • That bracelet is a cheap, valueless piece of jewelry.   那个手镯是一件便宜的、不值钱的首饰。
invaluable: a.无价的，非常宝贵的，相当于priceless。
 • Your help in moving the big refrigerator was invaluable.   你帮忙搬那个大冰箱，你的帮助是可贵的。
adj. 无价的；非常贵重的
 - inestimable, impayable

Word: ledger
Front: ledger
[ˈledʒə(r)] (宝 12398/10467)
Vocabulary: ledger
(once / 2276 pages)
n
A ledger is kind of like a diary, but for money. It's a book for keeping track of expenses, profits, and other financial matters.
A ledger is an accounting journal used to keep track of money. Businesses — or their accountants — keep careful ledgers so they know how much money is coming in and going out. If you've ever heard the expression "cook the books" — meaning cheat financially by making things up — the "books" are ledgers. If you like numbers and money, maybe you should become an accountant so you can help people with their ledgers.
WORD FAMILY
ledger: ledgers
USAGE EXAMPLES
That is why his staff prepares a new ledger for him before every game.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
She was married in that film to Heath Ledger, who became her real-life partner and the father of her daughter, Matilda Rose.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Ledgers, cookbooks and even antiphonaries help tell how the nuns lived over the centuries.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 分类账
分布：分类帐(62%)，总帐(38%)
→来自legh,放置，词源同lay,lager,插入字母d.原指教堂放在固定位置的祷告书。后引申词义帐本，帐目表，因帐目表通常放在固定的安全位置，同时也因为帐目表的重要性。
【记】读：赖帐－要想赖帐需要在帐本上做手脚。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a book in which things are regularly recorded, especially business activities and money received or paid 分类帐
n. 总帐，分户总帐； [会计] 分类帐；帐簿；底帐；（手脚架上的）横木
 - general account, book of account

Word: jumble
Front: jumble
[ˈdʒʌmbl] (托雅宝 13914/9752 -1)
Vocabulary: jumble
(once / 2098 pages)
1vn 2n
When you jumble something, you throw a bunch of items haphazardly together. For example, many people jumble many random things in a kitchen junk drawer.
Use the verb jumble to describe what happens when you scramble or mix things up. Some kids, for example, jumble their Lego toys together in a big bin, while others like to sort the pieces by color or size. You can call the mix of items itself a jumble too. In the early 1500s, jumble meant "to move confusedly," and it was probably modeled on stumble. Later that century, it came to mean "mix or confuse."
WORD FAMILY
jumble: jumbled, jumbles, jumbling+/jumbled: jumbledest
USAGE EXAMPLES
His inbox, a jumble of vendor announcements, administration notices and other random requests, contains some 17,500 unread items.
Nature(Dec 28, 2016)
In the early games Sunday, the NFC’s playoff picture got more jumbled and the Chiefs lost control of their division championship hopes.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
It is a nostalgic jumble of portfolios, books, old typewriters and record players.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. （使）混乱，杂乱; 使困惑
vi. 纷乱
n. 杂乱的一堆; 一团乱; <英>待义卖的杂旧物
时态：jumbled, jumbling, jumbles
分布：混乱(39%)，混杂(27%)，使混乱(14%)，搞乱(14%)，环形小甜饼(4%)，掺杂(2%)
→词源不详，可能来自jump,跳，-le,表反复。引申词义跳来跳去，忙乱，混乱。
【记】jumb＝jump，le乐：一边跳，一边乐，想象小孩玩的海洋球－混杂在一起的一堆球。
noun
MIXTURE 混杂
only singular
■an untidy and confused mixture of things, feelings or ideas 杂乱的一堆；混乱的一团
• He rummaged through the jumble of papers on his desk. 他在书桌上一堆乱糟糟的文件中翻找东西。
• a jumble of thoughts/ideas 混乱的思想
['dʒʌm.bl] noun
OLD THINGS 旧的东西
uncountable UK
■things you no longer want that are sold at a jumble sale 廉价出售的废旧杂货
['dʒʌm.bl] verb transitive
■to mix things together untidily 使杂乱；使混乱
• Her clothes were all jumbled up/together in the suitcase. 她的衣服都胡乱扔在手提箱里。
n. 混乱；杂乱的一堆东西
 - disorder, chaos, confusion, turmoil, involvement
vi. 混杂；搀杂
 - intermix
vt. 使混乱；搞乱
 - cloud, confuse

Word: malone

Word: moss
Front: moss
[mɒs] (研六托 8708/8864 -1)
Vocabulary: moss
(once / 385 pages)
n
Moss is a small green plant that grows, carpet-like, across moist, shady areas. If you see a green furry rock as you hike in a forest, chances are that's moss.
Moss forms mats and clumps in wooded spots, and it's unusual in the plant world for several reasons, including the fact that it has no seeds and no real roots. It reproduces through spores and absorbs water through its tiny leaves. Long ago, people used moss to insulate dwellings, but today it's primarily used in gardens. The Old English root is meos, closely related to mos, "bog," which is a damp area where moss might grow.
WORD FAMILY
moss: mosses, mossy
USAGE EXAMPLES
I got to see George a little bit more after that because Kate Moss was neighbors with him.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Rachael Moss, a bereavement support midwife at Northampton General Hospital, said the little cots are a lifeline.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
It's harder to find anyone picking the Huskies than it is finding moss the southern side of stump.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 苔藓; 藓沼; 莫斯（男子名）; 泥炭沼
vt. 以苔藓覆盖; 使长满苔藓
abbr. [宇](=manned orbital space station)载人轨道航天站
分布：苔藓(91%)，泥沼(5%)，使长满苔藓(4%)
→来自古英语mos,沼泽，泥沼，来自meus,湿气，水气，词源同moist,must.引申词义苔藓，地衣。
n.苔,藓,地衣Irish moss (=sea moss)爱尔兰藓; 角叉菜.
US [mɑ:s] noun countable or uncountable
■a very small green or yellow plant that grows especially in wet earth or on rocks, walls and tree trunks 苔藓
• The rocks near the river were covered with moss. 河边的岩石长满了苔藓。
n. [植] 苔藓；泥沼
 - mire

Word: paternalism
Front: paternalism
[pəˈtɜ:nəlɪzəm] (20972/21739)
Vocabulary: paternalism
(once / 14038 pages)
n
When a government or authority acts like it's your daddy, that's paternalism. This is usually an unwelcome kindness, as it comes with complete control and a lot of condescending statements like "it's for your own good."
The root word "paternal," meaning "like a father," is the clue to the word paternalism. The ism suffix turns the word into a noun. If you conquer a country and then look down on people for not speaking your language, then decide to stick around and help them out by making them do all the work while you make a lot of money, that would be one version of paternalism.
WORD FAMILY
paternalism: paternalisms, paternalistic+/ paternal: paternalism, paternally, paternity /paternalistic: paternalistically/ paternity: paternities
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s not as much this idea of detached concern or paternalism.
Salon(Nov 05, 2016)
And yet, as one conservative black friend phrased it over dinner recently, “I’ll take Trump’s indifference over Clinton’s paternalism.”
Wall Street Journal(Oct 25, 2016)
It emerged in the 1970s alongside greater emphasis on patient autonomy and patient-centeredness, as opposed to the paternalism that had historically dominated medicine.
New York Times(Sep 15, 2016)
Back: n. 家长式制度
adj. 家长式的
分布：家长式管理(60%)，家长式领导(40%)
→来自paternal,父亲的，-ism,主义，思想，制度。比喻用法。
[见上,-ism表示行为,现象]家长式统治,家长作风[父,祖patr(i);part(o);pater]
US [-'tɝ:-] usually disapproving
noun uncountable
■when people in authority think or act in a way which results in them making decisions for other people which are often to their advantage but which prevent those people from taking responsibility for their own lives 家长作风；专制

Word: opprobrium
Front: opprobrium
[əˈprəʊbriəm] (29365/34551)
Vocabulary: opprobrium
(once / 4709 pages)
n
If you go against or oppose what's good, you might earn opprobrium — the opposite of getting attention for something good. Bad behavior leads to opprobrium. If you throw a soft drink off the theater balcony, the opprobrium might keep you from getting dates to the movies.
Even though the words aren't related, the "opp-" of the word opprobrium sounds a bit like the "app" part of "inappropriate." Opprobrium isn't an action that leads to disgrace, it's something that comes from the inappropriate thing that was done. A very inappropriate act leads to opprobrium for the person who did the act. "Infamy" — extreme dishonor, often with lasting consequences — is a synonym for opprobrium.
WORD FAMILY
opprobrium: opprobrious, opprobriums+/ opprobrious: opprobriously
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the west, a company would never survive the public opprobrium following revelations that children as young as 10 were working 45-hour weeks.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Now is the time to speak up and to wear as a badge of honor the opprobrium of bigots.
The New Yorker(Dec 02, 2016)
There would be opprobrium and criticism from the rest of the world, for no apparent benefit.”
The Guardian(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. <正>耻辱，羞辱
分布：耻辱(56%)，咒骂(44%)
→来自拉丁语opprobrare,嘲笑，奚落，谴责，来自op-,相对，对着的，probrum,耻辱，羞辱，可能来自pro,向前，向前嘲笑，词源同reproach,approach,problem.-brum,工具格后缀，词源同vertebra.
【反】approbation（n 官方批准；嘉许）
US [-'proʊ-] formal
noun uncountable
■severe criticism and blame 谴责；抨击；讨伐；责难
• International opprobrium has been heaped on the country following its attack on its neighbours. 该国袭击邻国之后，国际对其大张讨伐。
n. 耻辱，不名誉；责骂，咒骂
 - ignominy, stigma

Word: overprice
Front: overprice
['əʊvə'praɪs] (36993/46145)
Back: v. 将…标价过高，索价过高
时态：overpriced, overpricing, overprices
分布：索价过高(60%)，将 ... 标价过高(40%)

Word: pragmatist
Front: pragmatist
['præɡmətɪst] (17575/20667)
Vocabulary: pragmatist
(once / 12481 pages)
n
If you have a friend whose head is always in the clouds, always dreaming, and taking risks without thinking of the consequences, you might say that she isn’t much of a pragmatist.
A pragmatist is someone who is pragmatic, that is to say, someone who is practical and focused on reaching a goal. A pragmatist usually has a straightforward, matter-of-fact approach and doesn’t let emotion distract her. A pragmatist can also ignore her own ideals to get the job done, so in this way it can have a slightly negative meaning. The word is often used in reference to politicians to mean that they are either sensible or willing to cut corners for their cause.
WORD FAMILY
pragmatist: pragmatists+/ pragmatic: pragmatically, pragmatics, pragmatism / pragmatism: pragmatical, pragmatisms, pragmatist
USAGE EXAMPLES
The biggest challenge for pragmatists will be to win over some Democrats for replacement legislation.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
It might not sit well with the traditionalists, but the pragmatists will approve.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
“He’s a pragmatist with a passion for quality.”
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 实用主义者
分布：实用主义者(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
实用主义；务实主义
Pragmatism means thinking of or dealing with problems in a practical way, rather than by using theory or abstract principles.
例：She had a reputation for clear thinking and pragmatism.她曾以思路清晰、观点务实而闻名。
n. 实用主义者；爱管闲事的人
 - busybody, meddler

Word: schism
Front: schism
[ˈskɪzəm] (托宝 17948/20583)
Vocabulary: schism
(once / 2121 pages)
n
The sound of the word schism reminds some people of the sound of a piece of paper being torn in two; which makes sense –– when a group has a big fight and the group is torn in two, that's a schism.
Although the Spanish club could have a schism over taco night versus tamale fest, schism often refers to splits in the church. You might have heard of the Great Schism of 1074, when the eastern Christian church, headquartered in Byzantium (now Istanbul), broke away from the western one headquartered in Rome.
WORD FAMILY
schism: schismatic, schismatical, schisms+/schismatic: schismatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is hard to keep track of the various alliances and schisms.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Ahead of the hundred-year anniversary of the October Revolution next year, Putin warned against similar actions to create “schisms, animosity, resentments” in the national unity.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
But a continuing estrangement with the group would raise the prospect of a permanent schism.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 教会分立，分裂
分布：分裂(69%)，分立(22%)，分歧(9%)
→来自希腊语 schisma,分开，裂缝，来自 skhizein,分开，裂开，来自 skei,切，分，词源同 shed,scythe,schedule.原指欧洲的基督教教会分裂活动，后词义通用化。
分裂(schi[=schist分裂]+ism参考:schiz精神分裂症者)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
【记】sch＝school，ism主义：学校主义就是在班里有很多小集团－分裂
【参】schismatic（adj 分裂的；n 分裂者）
【反】accord（n 一致；符合）
noun countable
■a division into two groups caused by a disagreement about ideas, especially in a religious organization （尤指教会的）分裂
• a schism in/within the Church 基督教教会内部的分裂
n. 分裂；分裂教会罪
 - disrupture, disjuncture

Word: puritanical
Front: puritanical
[ˌpjʊərɪˈtænɪkl] (23648/21598)
Vocabulary: puritanical
(once / 7457 pages)
adj
Strict, straight laced, and unsmiling, someone who is puritanical follows moral or religious rules to the letter.
Describing someone as puritanical is usually a bit of a criticism, since the word implies that the person is not just religious, but overly rigid in his or her beliefs and not a lot of fun to be around. It stems from the word "Puritan," a believer in the branch of Protestantism that objected to some practices of the Church of England. Its root, in turn, is thought to be purity, which is what puritanical people seek when they stick to the rules.
WORD FAMILY
puritanical: puritanically+/ puritan: puritanic, puritanical, puritans
USAGE EXAMPLES
Attitudes toward team ownership are far less puritanical elsewhere in Europe.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
“The Witch” is set in puritanical Salem, where everybody is paranoid about Satan.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
She also detects in the medical establishment a puritanical disapproval of this area of study.
BBC(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. <贬>清教徒式的，道德极严格的
分布：极端拘谨的(70%)，有清教徒特点的(30%)
【记】源于：puritan（n 清教徒），ical，清教徒主张勤俭而守礼的生活
US [ˌpjʊr.ɪ-] adjective
■believing or involving the belief that self-control and hard work are important and that pleasure is wrong or unnecessary 清教主义的；宗教（或道德）上非常拘谨的
• She is very puritanical about sex. 她在性方面非常拘谨。
• He rebelled against his puritanical upbringing. 他强烈反抗他所受的清教式管教。

Word: schoolboy
Front: schoolboy
[ˈsku:lbɔɪ] (16443/7028)
Back: n. （中小学的）男生; 学童
分布：男学生(62%)，男学生的(21%)，男学生参与的体育项目的(17%)
noun countable
■a boy who goes to school （中小学）男生
['sku:l.bɔɪ] noun countable
as every schoolboy/schoolchild knows
■used before you mention a fact that is familiar to everyone, including children 小学生的常识
• As every schoolboy knows, the Earth revolves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳运行，这是小学生的常识。
['sku:l.bɔɪ] adjective [before noun]
■like a child's 幼稚的
• I must say I find his schoolboy humour rather tiresome. 我得说，我觉得他那种幼稚的幽默很无趣。

Word: secessionist
Front: secessionist
[sɪˈseʃənɪst] (24115/42595 -1)
Back: n. 脱离论者，分离论者
分布：脱离论者(44%)，分离论者(21%)，分离论者的(21%)，脱离论者的(14%)
n. 脱离论者；分离主义者
 - disunionist, separatist

Word: thicket
Front: thicket
[ˈθɪkɪt] (宝 11043/15392 -1)
Vocabulary: thicket
(once / 553 pages)
n
A thicket refers to a dense growth of bushes or trees — what you try to avoid by tending to the plants in your backyard.
The word thicket comes from the word thick, which means close together or dense. If you are "thick as thieves," then you are close friends. A thicket is a growth of trees, bushes, or shrubbery that is very close together, often making it difficult for people to walk through or for Red Riding Hood to find her way out of to Grandmother's.
WORD FAMILY
thicket: thickets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cornus sanguinea ‘Arctic Sun’, with its thicket of bare branches in shades of cream through orange and scarlet, is my favorite of the bright-bark dogwoods.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Ubisoft games often dive headlong into contemporary or historical political thickets.
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
Human remains of eight women, a man and the toddler were found strewn along several miles of thicket adjacent to the parkway.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 灌木丛; 丛状物; 错综复杂
分布：丛林(71%)，草丛(16%)，繁茂处(13%)
→thick,厚的，浓密的，-et,派生后缀。引申词义灌木丛。
noun countable
■an area of trees and bushes growing closely together 灌木丛；小树丛
n. [植] [林] 灌木丛；丛林；错综复杂
 - bosque, shrub

Word: thanksgiving
Front: thanksgiving
[ˌθæŋksˈgɪvɪŋ] (研六 4464/14397 -1)
Vocabulary: thanksgiving
(once / 2734 pages)
n
A thanksgiving is a short prayer before a meal that offers thanks.
Thanksgiving is best known as a holiday in which people give thanks. That should help you remember that a thanksgiving is also a short prayer that can be said before any meal on any day. Like the holiday, a thanksgiving expresses gratitude for food. Often, a thanksgiving might express thanks for family, friends, a job, or good news too. A thanksgiving is also called a blessing or grace.
TASTY MORSELS
What's the Difference Between "thanksgiving" and "Thanksgiving"?
Today is Thanksgiving Day! And we invite you to celebrate for a moment here with us not by eating turkey, but by contemplating the difference between Thanksgiving with a capital "T" and thanksgiving where the "t" is lowercase.
The difference comes down to simple grammar — as a proper noun, the holiday Thanksgiving is spelled differently from thanksgiving meaning "the act of giving thanks," for which the holiday is named.
Would it change the day for you in any way if you began wishing people a happy thanksgiving rather than a "happy Thanksgiving," perhaps reminding your of the true meaning of the day? Something to think about as you sit down to dinner...
Which, let it be said, we don't endorse switching out from a meal of turkey to a meal of Turkey. :)
WORD FAMILY
thanksgiving: thanksgivings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Congress urged George Washington to “recommend” to the people a day of thanksgiving, which he did.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Some politicians thought the “day of public thanksgiving and prayer” declared by George Washington in 1789 violated the separation of church and state.
Time(Nov 23, 2016)
In 1963, Kennedy’s Thanksgiving proclamation began: “Over three centuries ago, our forefathers in Virginia and in Massachusetts … set aside a time of thanksgiving.”
Time(Nov 21, 2016)
Thanksgiving
(once / 2310 pages)
n
Thanksgiving is a national holiday celebrated in the United States and Canada, traditionally observed through a meal featuring a roasted turkey and other traditional foods.
Although the date of the first Thanksgiving is subject to debate, holiday lore puts this meal in 1621 when early European settlers of North America gathered with Native Americans to give thanks for a plentiful harvest. In the United States, Thanksgiving is celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November. In Canada, the celebration occurs on the second Monday in October. The holiday was celebrated regionally throughout early American history until Abraham Lincoln fixed a national date in 1863 in an attempt to create a feeling of national unity during the Civil War.
TASTY MORSELS
What's the Difference Between "thanksgiving" and "Thanksgiving"?
Today is Thanksgiving Day! And we invite you to celebrate for a moment here with us not by eating turkey, but by contemplating the difference between Thanksgiving with a capital "T" and thanksgiving where the "t" is lowercase.
The difference comes down to simple grammar — as a proper noun, the holiday Thanksgiving is spelled differently from thanksgiving meaning "the act of giving thanks," for which the holiday is named.
Would it change the day for you in any way if you began wishing people a happy thanksgiving rather than a "happy Thanksgiving," perhaps reminding your of the true meaning of the day? Something to think about as you sit down to dinner...
Which, let it be said, we don't endorse switching out from a meal of turkey to a meal of Turkey. :)
WORD FAMILY
Thanksgiving: Thanksgivings
USAGE EXAMPLES
If years were relatives, 2016 would be the uncle who shows up at your Thanksgiving dinner wearing his underpants on the outside.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The two kept in touch despite the distractions of Thanksgiving.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
For many years it forced them to wake up at 6 a.m. the morning after Thanksgiving.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 感谢，感恩祈祷; 感恩节
分布：感恩节(100%)
→thanks,感谢，give,给予。即给予感谢，感恩，后用于指感恩节，参照百度百科或维基百科。
n.感恩节The old man got a gift on the Thanksgiving day.这位老人在感恩节那天收到一份礼物.
noun uncountable
■when you say or show that you are grateful, especially to God 感谢，道谢；（尤指）感恩于上帝

Word: thy
Front: thy
[ðaɪ] (10004/7120 -1)
Back: pron. （旧式用法）你的(thou的所有格)
级别：thier, thyest
分布：形容词(88%)，名词(12%)
old use
determiner
■your; used when speaking to one person 你的

Word: srinagar

Word: wilt
Front: wilt
[wɪlt] (宝 10000/14722 -1)
Vocabulary: wilt
(once / 275 pages)
vn
When things droop from heat, lack of water, or illness, they wilt. If you go on vacation for two weeks and forget to water your plants first, they will wilt.
The vegetables in your garden will wilt if they're attacked by slugs or don't get enough moisture — and people can be said to wilt too, especially when they're limp and weak from exhaustion. A long walk on the hottest day of summer can make you wilt. Wilt was most likely first spelled welk, from the Middle Dutch word welken, "to wither or become soft."
WORD FAMILY
wilt: wilted, wilting, wilts+/wilting: wiltings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Morale wilted in the aged station house on Alexander Avenue, in Mott Haven.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Add greens, toss to coat in drippings, and cook until wilted and tender, about 3 minutes.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Every effort to incorporate fresh fare into fast food, it seems, wilts.
The New Yorker(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）凋谢，（使）枯萎; 使畏缩; 使衰弱
n. 枯萎; 憔悴
时态：wilted, wilting, wilts
分布：枯萎(85%)，憔悴(15%)
→可能来自 welg,降水，湿，词源 welkin.引申词义使浸水，柔软，低垂，枯萎。
【记】源于：wither（v 使凋谢）
verb intransitive
■(of a plant) to become weak and begin to bend towards the ground, or (of a person) to become weaker, tired or less confident （植物）枯萎，凋谢；（人）变得萎靡不振
• Cut flowers will soon wilt without water. 切花没有水会很快枯萎。
• After only an hour's walking they were beginning to wilt in the heat. 才走了一小时，他们就热得没精打采了。
vt. [植保] 使枯萎；使畏缩；使衰弱
 - blast, wither up
vi. [植保] 枯萎；畏缩；衰弱
 - flag, wither away
n. [植保] 枯萎；憔悴；衰弱
 - blasting, breakdown

Word: alps
Front: alps
[ælps] (-/9979)
Back: abbr. Advanced Linear Programming System 高级线性规划系统
分布：阿尔卑斯山脉(100%)

Word: wonderfully
Front: wonderfully
[ˈwʌndəfəli] (8891/8680)
Back: adv. 精彩地; 极好地; 惊人地; 奇妙地
分布：绝妙地(40%)，极佳地(40%)，惊人的(20%)
US [-dɚ-] adverb
■extremely, or extremely well 极好地；绝妙地
• This sauce goes wonderfully well with fish, asparagus or new potatoes. 这种调味酱无论是配鱼、芦笋还是新马铃薯都非常棒。
• As a child I hated my brother, but now we get on wonderfully. 小时候我讨厌我的兄弟，但现在我们的关系非常融洽。
adv. 精彩地；惊人地；极好地
 - prime, surprisingly

Word: apocalypse
Front: apocalypse
[əˈpɒkəlɪps] (18413/20205 -1)
Vocabulary: apocalypse
(once / 5322 pages)
n
Apocalypse is a word that means "the end of the world" — or something so destructive it seems like the world has ended in a place, like a major earthquake.
The apocalypse is the total destruction of the world, as prophesied in the biblical book of Revelation. Apocalypse can be used to describe utter destruction caused by war or natural disaster. The nuclear bomb attack on Hiroshima during World War II can be called an apocalypse because the devastation was so severe and so many lives were lost.
WORD FAMILY
apocalypse: apocalypses, apocalyptic, apocalyptical+/ apocalyptic: apocalyptically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The year was haunted by a sense of doom conjured by the candidates themselves, who argued that choosing the other would summon the apocalypse.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
This year instead brought a healthy skepticism — while the apocalypse hasn’t arrived, leaner times are ahead.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Seventeen years ago, the world confronted a new millennium with dread, frightened by potential international computer shutdowns, outright apocalypse or whatever.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 世界毁灭; 大灾变; 末世
分布：天启(59%)，大灾难(19%)，世界毁灭(15%)，圣经新约之《启示录》(7%)
→前缀apo-, 离开，非。-calypse, 隐藏，同词根kel，隐藏，见cell, hole. 宗教用语，指揭露，描述世界末日的景象。
US [-'pɑ:.kə-] noun
[S or U]
■a very serious event resulting in great destruction and change 大灾变；大动乱
• The book offers a vision of the future in which there is a great nuclear apocalypse. 这本书描述了未来核战争带来的灭顶之灾。
the Apocalypse only singular
■in the Bible, the total destruction and end of the world （《圣经》中描述的）世界末日
n. 启示；天启
 - message, revelation

Word: bucharest
Front: bucharest
[ˈbju:kərest] (-/13201)
Back: n. 布加勒斯特（罗马尼亚的首都）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: crust
Front: crust
[krʌst] (研四六托雅宝 5659/7209 -1)
Vocabulary: crust
(once / 546 pages)
1nv 2n
The crust is a hard layer that forms on the outside of something, like a loaf of bread. Little kids often like their sandwiches with the crust cut off.
You’ve probably eaten lots of crusts — bread crust, pie crust — any food that’s hard on the outside and soft on the inside has a crust. Crust is also a verb meaning “to form a hard outer layer.” Crusting happens with more than just food, like when a layer of dirt crusts your clothes after a romp in the mud. The Earth has a hard crust too. Little kids don’t like to eat that either, usually.
WORD FAMILY
crust: crusted, crusting, crustlike, crusts, crusty, encrust +/ crusty: crustier, crustiest, crustily/ encrust: encrustation, encrusted, encrusting, encrusts/encrustation: encrustations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The outside crust was flaky, and inside, big chunks of chicken were swimming in a mildly spiced Thai curry.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He par-bakes the crust, cools it, adds toppings and bakes it for about 2½ minutes.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
The meat arrives with a textured, almost brittle outer bark, like the crust on a really great loaf of sourdough.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 面包皮; 外壳; 硬外皮; 地壳
vt. 用外皮覆盖; 在…上结硬皮; 生痂儿
vi. 结成外壳; 结硬皮
时态：crusted, crusting, crusts
分布：外壳(60%)，面包皮(20%)，结硬皮(10%)，盖以硬皮(5%)，坚硬的外壳(5%)
→来自kreus,冷冻，结晶，词源同crystal,cryogenic.原指由冷冻形成的硬壳。
n.外皮,壳;地壳The exhausted man and the trustful guy thrust a knife into the rusty crust.精疲力竭的男子和深信不疑的家伙将一把刀子刺向生锈的外壳.
noun
countable or uncountable
■a hard outer covering of something （某物的）硬皮，外壳
• pie crust (= the cooked pastry on top of it) 馅饼皮
• the Earth's crust 地壳
countable
■the outside layer of a loaf of bread 面包皮
• Could you cut the crusts off the sandwiches, please? 请把三明治的面包皮切掉，好吗？
n. 外壳；面包皮；坚硬外皮
 - outer housing, encloser

Word: encyclopedia
Front: encyclopedia
[ɪnˌsaɪklə'pi:dɪə] (研托雅宝 10470/20611 -1)
Vocabulary: encyclopedia
(once / 3197 pages)
n
An encyclopedia is a reference work designed to cover all branches and topics of knowledge. We might describe someone who seems to know everything as a "walking encyclopedia."
Encyclopedia comes the Greek words for "comprehensive" (cyclo) and "education" (pedia). The first encyclopedias were books (usually in many volumes), but now we have online and electronic encyclopedias. This reference is usually organized alphabetically and covers as many topics as possible. If you're doing research, the encyclopedia is a good place to start.
WORD FAMILY
encyclopedia: encyclopedias, encyclopedism+/encyclopedism: encyclopedist/encyclopedist: encyclopedists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Often she recognizes voices imperfectly, offering up weird deep cuts from her encyclopedias, selecting an obscure concept that resembles your question only in sound.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
“I think it’s that one encyclopedia we’ve all been waiting for,” said Rob Kaufelt, president and owner of Murray’s Cheese, a vendor in New York.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s as if Mr. Mills were riffling through an encyclopedia, searching for the perfect entry, which he’s creating before your eyes.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 百科全书
na. “encyclopaedia”的变体
分布：百科全书(100%)
→en-, 进入，使。-cycle, 圈。-ped, 小孩，教育，词源同few, pedagogy,pedophilia.原指教育小孩的通识教育丛书，后指百科全书。
n.(encyclopaedia)百科全书That encyclopedia is in twenty volumes.那套百科全书有二十卷.
(also encyclopaedia) [ɪnˌsaɪ.klə'pi:.di.ə] noun countable
■a book or set of books containing many articles arranged in alphabetical order which deal either with the whole of human knowledge or with a particular part of it 百科全书；（某一学科的）百科全书，大全
• The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language 剑桥语言百科全书
n. 百科全书
 - cyclopaedia

Word: gruel
Front: gruel
[ˈgru:əl] (高 25887/36700)
Vocabulary: gruel
(once / 4284 pages)
n
Gruel is a truly unpleasant food — weak and runny, consisting of oatmeal or cornmeal boiled in milk or water. It's the kind of "slop" prisoners and other inmates of institutions were historically forced to eat.
Gruel was made most famous by Dickens's Oliver Twist, the little orphan boy in the workhouse, who was so hungry he even asked for seconds of it: "Please sir, I want some more." Gruel's reputation, not great to begin with, never recovered. From this delightful substance comes the adjective grueling, describing an experience that's exhausting and punishing. "To get one's gruel" was 1700s slang meaning "to receive one's punishment." Even back then gruel had a bad rap.
WORD FAMILY
gruel: gruels
USAGE EXAMPLES
A classic Cantonese breakfast, congee is, well, rice gruel.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
But this is thin gruel for Castro’s victims, some of whom might have expected the president of the United States to acknowledge their suffering.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
I worry the great football that’s out there—and it is out there, like those virtuoso Patriots—is getting overwhelmed by the gruel.
Wall Street Journal(Oct 16, 2016)
Back: n. 燕麦粥 ; 稀粥
分布：稀粥(75%)，麦片粥(25%)
→来自ghreu, 刮，磨，词源同grit, grind. 指磨的粗谷物，糙粥。
noun uncountable
■a cheap simple food made especially in the past by boiling oats with water or milk （尤指旧时的）稀粥，燕麦粥

Word: goer
Front: goer
[ˈgəʊə(r)] (25531/34051)
Back: n. 走动得很快的人或物; （在性生活方面）想尝试新花样的人
分布：常去…的人(100%)
US ['goʊ.ɚ] informal
noun countable
■a woman who is sexually active with a lot of people 放荡的女人
• Apparently, she was a bit of a goer before she got married. 显然，在结婚前她有些放荡。
n. 动态物；离去的人；常去…的人；有进取心的人
 - up-and-comer

Word: idiosyncratic
Front: idiosyncratic
[ˌɪdɪəsɪŋ'krætɪk] (12906/11748)
Vocabulary: idiosyncratic
(once / 14088 pages)
adj
Idiosyncratic means unique to an individual. Albert Einstein famously had lots of idiosyncratic habits. For example, he rarely wore socks, and he talked to his cat.
One thing that Einstein definitely wasn't was an idiot. Yet idiosyncratic and idiot are related. Idio is ancient Greek for "one's own." A idiosyncratic person is someone who does things in his own way. And the original meaning of idiot was basically "a regular Joe" — an ordinary person who keeps to himself.
WORD FAMILY
idiosyncratic: idiosyncratically+/ idiosyncrasy: idiosyncrasies, idiosyncratic
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ken Graves, a street photographer whose idiosyncratic images captured the color of 1960s and 70s San Francisco, died in May, aged 74.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Many equally admire Wayne Eagling’s idiosyncratic treatment for the English National Ballet, first seen in 2010.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The character was famous for her idiosyncratic recipes such as parsnip brownies and lard and fish paste pancakes, but was killed off in 1996.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 乖僻的; 怪异的
分布：特质的(69%)，与众不同的(31%)
ADJ-GRADED
乖僻的;怪异的
If you describe someone's actions or characteristics as idiosyncratic, you mean that they are rather unusual.
例：...a highly idiosyncratic personality.非常乖僻的个性
例：...his erratic typing and idiosyncratic spelling.他古怪的打字与奇特的拼写
adj. 特质的；特殊的；异质的
 - foreign, specific

Word: isotope
Front: isotope
[ˈaɪsətəʊp] (宝 15337/13321 -1)
Vocabulary: isotope
(once / 12876 pages)
n
An isotope of a chemical element is an atom that has a different number of neutrons (that is, a greater or lesser atomic mass) than the standard for that element.
The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. Atomic mass adds to that the number of neutrons in the nucleus. Each element has a typical atomic mass, but when the number of protons stays the same and the number of neutrons changes, you have an isotope. These can be stable, like Deuterium, an isotope of Hydrogen that has one extra neutron, or they can be radioactive, like Plutonium-239, which is a component of nuclear waste.
WORD FAMILY
isotope: isotopes, isotopic
USAGE EXAMPLES
In addition to nuclear power plants, the radioactive isotopes used in medicine are under the NRC’s jurisdiction.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Earth-systems models link together slow shifts in atmospheric carbon, sea levels and isotopes in seawater and marine deposits.
Nature(Dec 06, 2016)
The Virginia-based National Center for Missing & Exploited Children arranged chemical isotope testing on the Jane Doe’s teeth and bones samples through the Smithsonian.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. [化]同位素
分布：同位素(100%)
→iso-,等，同，-top,位置，地方，词源同topic,utopia.即等位置的，引申词义同位素。
US [-toʊp] specialized
noun countable
■a form of an atom which has a different atomic weight from other forms of the same atom but the same chemical structure 同位素
• a radioactive isotope of hydrogen 氢的放射性同位素
n. [核] 同位素
 - isotopic element

Word: minsk
Front: minsk
[minsk] (-/28484)
Back: 明斯克（白俄罗斯共和国首都）

Word: levi
Front: levi
[ˈli:vai] (-/10623)
Back: n. 利瓦伊（男子名）
分布：旧约中雅各布和利亚之子)(50%)，利未(男子名(50%)

Word: mete
Front: mete
[mi:t] (托宝 18736/18915 -1)
Vocabulary: mete
(once / 6382 pages)
n
If you "mete out" something (the word is usually followed by "out"), it means you dish it out in very careful measured amounts. Anyone who metes out their love probably isn't someone you want to have a relationship with.
Another word often used interchangeably with mete is dole, though there are slight differences in meaning: dole suggests a more lavish, unthinking form of activity than the more stingy and controlled mete, and while some nice things (like compassion or love) can be "doled out," it's very rare that anything pleasant or happy is "meted out."
WORD FAMILY
mete: metes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her job is to deliver pep talks and mete out discipline, but Krystal is not really the boss.
New York Times(Sep 29, 2016)
“That judge’s decision could be completely ignored by a state bureaucrat and they could mete out any sentence they want to,” Totten said.
Washington Times(Oct 08, 2016)
In fact, whistleblowing is extraordinarily rare, in part because of the draconian penalties the government metes out to punish it.
Time(Sep 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 分配; 给予（处罚等）; 测量; <正，文>（对某人）施以
n. 边界; 测量
时态：meted, meting, metes
分布：分配(27%)，量(22%)，测量(22%)，边界(22%)，界石(7%)
→来自古英语metan,测量，分配，估计，来自med,测量，词源同measure,medical.引申词义合理的惩罚，给予惩罚。
[mi:t] (meting, meted, meted)
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M often passive] mete sth out formal
■to give or order a punishment or make someone receive cruel or unfair treatment 施加（惩罚）；使受苦；使受到不公平对待
• Victorian schoolteachers regularly meted out physical punishment to their pupils. 维多利亚时代的教师常常体罚学生。
vt. 给予；分配；测量
 - afford, allow, extend, deliver, sound
n. 边界；测量
 - boundary, measurement, border, survey

Word: noxious
Front: noxious
[ˈnɒkʃəs] (托雅宝 15386/14109)
Vocabulary: noxious
(once / 2780 pages)
adj
Something noxious is harmful and could be even fatal — whether it is colorless, odorless, and invisible like carbon monoxide, or dark, strong-smelling, and obvious, like black smoke from a fire. People are called noxious too when they hurt others with cruelty or mental anguish.
English and Latin roots for noxious are related to the meanings of "harm," "damage," and "injury." While obnoxious might come to mind when seeing the word noxious, obnoxious is a much less damaging adjective to describe someone annoying. Most uses for noxious involve real physical or emotional damage unless the word is used in exaggeration. Examples range from "the noxious gas fumes made the dog pass out" to "his cologne was so noxious I had to exit the elevator and take the stairs."
WORD FAMILY
noxious: innoxious, noxiously, noxiousness+/innoxious: innoxiously
USAGE EXAMPLES
The weakest protest holds that any noxious views are mitigated, or even annulled, by the greatness of Bach’s music.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Buses and taxis chug along emitting diesel fumes day and night, while tall buildings trap the noxious gases for pedestrians to breathe.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Unmoderated online comment forums are magnets for noxious speech.
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 有害的，有毒的
分布：有毒的(100%)
→来自拉丁语noxius,有毒的，伤害的，来自nek,死亡，致死，词源同innocent,necro-.
有毒的(nox+ious)[noc,nox=hurt,poison,表示"伤害,毒"]
【记】nox毒，ious多一有毒的
【参】nocuous（adj 有毒的；有害的）
【反】beneficial＝alubrious（adj 有益健康的）；harmless（adj 无害的）
US ['nɑ:k-] formal
adjective
■describes something, especially a gas or other substance, that is poisonous or very harmful （尤指气体或其他物质）有毒的，有害的
• They died from inhaling noxious fumes. 他们吸入有毒烟雾致死。
■harmful and unpleasant 有害的；令人不愉快的；讨厌的
• a noxious smell/influence 难闻的气味／不良的影响
adj. 有害的；有毒的；败坏道德的；讨厌的
 - harmful, toxic, evil, poisonous, rank

Word: munch
Front: munch
[mʌntʃ] (11954/14664 -1)
Vocabulary: munch
(once / 2668 pages)
vn
To munch is to eat something in a loud and enthusiastic way. If you can't stand listening to your brother munch his toast in the morning, you might decide to take your breakfast to go.
When you eat something steadily, especially if it's something crunchy, you munch. You might munch on carrot sticks for a snack and then munch a grilled cheese sandwich for lunch. You can also take a munch, or a bite, out of something. Munch is an imitative word, its sound echoing the actual sound of munching, but it may also have a connection to the Old French mangier, "to bite or chew."
WORD FAMILY
munch: munched, muncher, munches, munching+/muncher: munchers
USAGE EXAMPLES
While we were munching sandwiches the tranquility of this little place was shattered by a quarrel between a gunman and the owner.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Oscar, the class’s guinea pig, munched contentedly on his guinea pig chow.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
That’s because the early-morning visitor was no domestic feline munching on some unlucky rodent.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 用力咀嚼（某物）; 大声咀嚼
时态：munched, munching, munches
分布：大声咀嚼(100%)
→来自法语mangier,吃，咬，拟声词。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to eat something, especially noisily 大声咀嚼
• He was munching on an apple. 他大口啃着苹果。
• We watched her munch her way through two packets of peanuts. 我们看着她津津有味地嚼完了两包花生。
[mʌntʃ] noun uncountable UK informal
■food 食物，吃的东西
• Shall we get some munch, then? 那么我们吃点东西好吗？

Word: regent
Front: regent
['ri:dʒənt] (宝 15506/8876)
Vocabulary: regent
(once / 515 pages)
nadj
In a monarchy, if the king gets too sick to rule his country, a regent steps in to run things temporarily.
When kings or queens aren't able to do their jobs — because they're ill, or often because they are children — trusted advisers called regents fill in. You can think of a regent as a substitute monarch. There's also a more permanent kind of regent who helps to run a business or university and can also be called a trustee or board member. In Latin, regent means "ruling," from the verb regere, "to rule."
WORD FAMILY
regent: regency, regents+/regency: regencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Texas State University System Board of Regents, $570.8 million of revenue financing, system revenue and refinancing bonds.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But in 1969, an all-encompassing Board of Regents was created, allegedly to streamline higher education in the Mountain State.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The players invited the regents in, according to three people who were there, and a marathon discussion lasted until dawn.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 摄政者
adj. （用在名词后）摄政的
分布：摄政者(67%)，摄政的(33%)
→reg-,国君，国王，词源同 regal,-ent,人。用于指摄政王。
noun countable
■a person who rules a country only for a limited period, because the king or queen is absent or too young or too ill, etc. 摄政者；摄政王
n. 摄政王；摄政者；州立大学董事会董事；统治者
 - governor, ruler
adj. 摄政的；统治的
 - ruling, dominant

Word: ps

Word: puritan
Vocabulary: puritan
(once / 4099 pages)
n
If your brother calls you a puritan, then he’s saying you’re very moral — possibly too moral. He’s implying that you’re intolerant and look down on others who don’t have your standards.
The Puritans were a group of English Protestants that formed in the 16th century to bring about religious reform. The Puritans wanted to “purify” the church by following intensely strict religious principles, which earned them the name Puritan. Puritan can still refer to the religious group — in that case it’ll have a capital “P” — but nowadays you’re more likely to hear it used to describe someone who follows a strict moral code and shuns almost all pleasures.
WORD FAMILY
puritan: puritanic, puritanical, puritans+/ puritanical: puritanically
USAGE EXAMPLES
At a table by the sanctuary’s carved screen, porter puritans sat with practitioners of what might be called the “chocolate-flavoring heresy.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
But puritans in Islam’s birthplace are wincing at their eviction from control first over public space, and now of time.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Despite what puritans would like us to believe, is clearly some other factor at work besides simply diet and exercise.
New York Times(Sep 21, 2016)

Word: pixel
Front: pixel
[ˈpɪksl] (10356/10962)
Vocabulary: pixel
(once / 22556 pages)
n
A pixel is one of the small dots or squares that make up an image on a computer screen. The more pixels there are, the more the image looks real or accurate.
Any digital image is made up of pixels, and when someone talks about the resolution of a computer monitor or TV screen, they're referring to the number of pixels. Older televisions have around 300,000 pixels, but new high-definition TVs can have more than two million pixels, which produces a very sharp, clear image. The word pixel came from pictures, or pics, and element, and was coined in 1969.
WORD FAMILY
pixel: pixels
USAGE EXAMPLES
For travelers, Google Home and Pixel are the most relevant.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The two donated a Google Pixel Android phone and a Google Daydream headset to the Pioneers’ Home.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Pixel was first released in September last year and overhauled the main desktop interface owners see and use when working with their Pi.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. （显示器或电视机图像的）像素
分布：像素(100%)
→来自pix,照片，-el,缩写自element,元素，要素。引申词义像素。
['pɪk.səl] specialized
noun countable
■the smallest unit of an image on a television or computer screen 画素（电视或电脑萤幕图像的最小组成单位）
n. （显示器或电视机图象的）象素（等于picture element）
 - pels, elemental area

Word: pharmacist
Front: pharmacist
[ˈfɑ:məsɪst] (10343/15866 -1)
Back: n. 药剂师
分布：药剂师(97%)，药商(3%)
→来自pharmacy,制药，-ist,人。
【记】读：farmer cist：农场主擅场采草药－药剂师
US ['fɑ:r-] noun countable
■a person who is trained to prepare medicines and who works in a hospital or shop （医院或药店的）药剂师
n. 药剂师
 - dispenser, apothecary

Word: stipend
Front: stipend
[ˈstaɪpend] (托 15076/22217)
Vocabulary: stipend
(once / 3816 pages)
n
A stipend is a fixed, regular payment, usually meant to pay for something specific. It's kind of like an allowance, but for grownups — a college scholarship might include a stipend each semester for books, for example.
Coming from the Latin stipendium, which means “tax, pay, or gift,” the noun stipend is defined as a regular, unchanging payment usually given as reward for services, but sometimes given as an allowance with no services or expectations attached. A summer internship that does not offer a full salary might instead include a weekly stipend that covers transportation and lunch costs. Synonyms include salary and payment.
WORD FAMILY
stipend: stipendiary, stipends+/stipendiary: stipendiaries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now she was dead, but the stipend was to continue until 2071, so that, like the house, it passed to her great-nephews.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
If they pick an option that costs more than their stipend, they pay the excess cost.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
To boost the small stipend he received for being a cadet in the U.S.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指牧师的）薪俸
分布：薪水(56%)，定期津贴(44%)
→来自拉丁语 stipendium,支付，工资，薪金，来自 stips,救济，施舍，捐款，礼物，小额付款， 原指一堆小硬币，词源可能同 stiff,-pend,支付，词源同 spend,expend.该词与 salary 有区别， 类似于部队支付给义务兵和士官的工资在性质上的差别。
【记】该词是tip（n 顶；尖；点；小费；v 给小费）和spend（v 花费）的组合－定期生活津贴
noun countable
■a fixed regular income 薪俸，薪金
• an annual stipend 年薪
■the income paid to a priest in the UK （英国的）牧师薪俸
n. 奖学金；固定薪金；定期津贴；养老金
 - scholarship, fellowship

Word: underclass
Front: underclass
[ˈʌndəklɑ:s] (15170/13293 -1)
Back: n. 下层社会，下层阶级; 社会低层; 一、二年级学生
分布：下层阶级(77%)，下层社会(13%)，贫困阶层(10%)
US [-dɚ.klæs] noun countable usually singular
■a group of people with a lower social and economic position than any of the other classes of society 下层社会；下层阶级；贫困阶层
• The long-term unemployed now constitute a sort of underclass. 如今长期失业人员形成了贫困阶层。
n. 下层阶级，下层社会；一、二年级学生
 - rag-tag, sansculotte

Word: shaw
Front: shaw
[ʃɔː] (-/5689)
Back: n. 杂木林
分布：杂木林(100%)
n. 林薮；杂木林
 - holt

Word: titled
Front: titled
[ˈtaɪtld] (29061/35027 -2)
Back: adj. 有头衔的; 有爵位的; 有称号的; 有标题的
v. 加标题于; 授予…称号(title的过去分词)
分布：有头衔的(84%)，动词title的过去式和过去分词.(16%)
US [-tˌld] adjective
PERSON 人
■A person who is titled has a special word, such as Sir or Lady , before their own name, showing that they have a high social rank （人）有爵位的，有头衔的
• one of his titled friends 他的有爵位的朋友之一
UK ['taɪ.tld] US [-tˌld] adjective
BOOK/FILM/PAINTING, ETC 书籍／电影／画等
[after verb]
■with the title of 题目为…的
• Reed wrote a novel about de Sade titled 'When the Whip Comes Down'. 里德写了一部关于（法国作家）萨德的小说，名为《当鞭子落下的时候》。
adj. 有头衔的；有标题的
 - headed
v. 加标题于；授予…称号（title的过去分词）
 - dubbed

Word: abduction
Front: abduction
[æb'dʌkʃn] (11033/12832)
Vocabulary: abduction
(once / 3816 pages)
1n 2n
If you're the victim of an abduction, you've been carried away against your will — kidnapped. The word comes from Latin ab "away" + ducere "lead." Abduction is also when you move your arm or leg away from your midline.
"The Abduction from the Seraglio" is the English title of a famous Mozart opera, in which a nobleman tries to rescue his betrothed, who has been captured — abducted — by pirates and sold into a pasha's harem, or seraglio. At the end of the opera, the pasha is overwhelmed with mercy and frees everyone and sends them home. So there really isn’t an abduction from the seraglio; the pasha lets everybody go.
WORD FAMILY
abduction: abductions+/ abduct: abducted, abducting, abduction, abductor, abducts/abductor: abductors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Starting Sunday, the emergency response system that disseminates information about missing children will only be used for child abductions.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Some of the wilder theories floating around suggest the entire abduction was a hoax, perhaps to spread scare stories about the local Latino community.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
They were arrested on an abduction charge and then released after they produced proof of their marriage.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 绑架，拐骗，劫持; <生理>外展; <律>诱拐罪; <逻>不明推论式
分布：诱拐(100%)
VERB
诱拐；劫持；绑架
If someone is abducted by another person, he or she is taken away illegally, usually using force.
例：His car was held up and he was abducted by four gunmen...他的车遭遇拦劫，随后他被4名持枪歹徒劫持。
例：She was charged with abducting a six-month-old child.她被控诱拐一个6个月大的孩子。
n. 诱拐，绑架；诱导
 - manstealing, kidnapping

Word: condone
Front: condone
[kənˈdəʊn] (托宝 11201/13947 -1)
Vocabulary: condone
(once / 3330 pages)
v
If you condone something, you allow it, approve of it, or at least can live with it. Some teachers condone chewing gum, and some don't.
Things that are condoned are allowed, even if everyone isn't exactly thrilled about it. People often say, "I don't condone what he did, but I understand it." Condoning is like excusing something. People seem to talk more about things they don't condone than things they do condone. Your mom might say, "I don't condone you staying up till 10, but I know you need to read." That's a way of giving approval and not giving approval at the same time.
WORD FAMILY
condone: condonation, condoned, condones, condoning
USAGE EXAMPLES
He would never, he continued, “condone/tolerate the death of Russian or any other civilians.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In response to the Dec. 2 article, New Oriental said it did not condone application fraud.
Reuters(Dec 23, 2016)
“It’s not something we condone or something we encourage,” Bowles said.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: vt. 容忍，宽恕，原谅
时态：condoned, condoning, condones
分布：宽恕(100%)
→con-, 强调。-don, 给予，词源同donate, date. 即完全给予的，原谅的，比较pardon.
原谅,宽恕(con共词+done→共同给出不加追究→原谅)[don,dit=give,表示"给予"]
【记】con共同，done给予－共同给予宽恕－原谅cond藏，one一：藏一个心眼，我先原谅你，如果再犯，加倍处罚。
【参】donate（v 捐赠）；pardon（v /n 原谅）
【反】denounce（v 谴责）；exact（vt 强求；要求）
US [-'doʊn] verb transitive
■to accept or allow behaviour that is wrong 宽恕，饶恕；纵容；包容，容忍
• If the government is seen to condone violence , the bloodshed will never stop. 一旦认定政府纵容暴力，那流血事件就永远不会停止。
vt. 宽恕；赦免
 - depurge, tolerate

Word: eavesdrop
Front: eavesdrop
[ˈi:vzdrɒp] (宝 14900/19789 -1)
Vocabulary: eavesdrop
(once / 3611 pages)
v
When you eavesdrop, you secretly listen in on someone's conversation. A little girl might eavesdrop on her parents in an attempt to find out what she's getting for her birthday.
Whenever you deliberately overhear a phone conversation, or two people having a quiet argument, you eavesdrop. You might eavesdrop on a funny exchange between two friends at a cafe, or eavesdrop on an important conversation between your boss and one of your coworkers. The verb eavesdrop comes from the old-fashioned noun eavesdropper, "one who listens from under the eaves," from the even more old-fashioned eavesdrop, "ground where rainwater drips off the roof."
WORD FAMILY
eavesdrop: eavesdropped, eavesdropper, eavesdropping, eavesdrops+/eavesdropper: eavesdroppers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“What this ‘always listening’ means is that the device is not eavesdropping and interpreting everything you’re saying,” Ms. Terwoerds wrote.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In the 1950s, she worked for the CIA, where she helped test telephone eavesdropping equipment.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
I eavesdropped as I emptied ashtrays and refilled mugs.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vi. 偷听（别人的谈话）
n. 檐水
时态：eavesdropped, eavesdropping, eavesdrops
分布：偷听(100%)
→字面意思为屋檐低水处，引申义偷听。
【记】eaves（n 屋檐），drop（n /v 滴）：在屋檐滴水的地方偷听
US [-drɑ:p] (-pp-)
verb intransitive
■to listen to someone's private conversation without them knowing 偷听
• He was eavesdropping on our conversation. 他在偷听我们谈话。
vi. 偷听，窃听
 - listen in on, happen to hear

Word: bodily
Front: bodily
[ˈbɒdɪli] (托 8434/6489 -2)
Back: adj. 身体的，肉体的; 有实体的; 有躯体的
adv. 亲身地，亲自; 以肉体形式; 全部，全体
分布：身体的(58%)，肉体的(19%)，全部地(8%)，活生生地(8%)，亲自地(5%)，具体的(2%)
US ['bɑ:.dɪ-] adjective
■relating to the human body 人体的，身体的
• bodily fluids blood, saliva , etc. 体液
• They didn't cause him any bodily harm. 它们没有给他造成任何身体伤害。
• to lose control of your bodily functions 失去对身体机能的控制
UK ['bɒd.ɪ.li] US ['bɑ:.dɪ-] adverb
■If you lift or carry someone bodily, you lift or carry them in your arms 抱着
• He carried her bodily up the stairs. 他把她抱上了楼。
adv. 整体地；亲自地；以肉体形式
 - personally, integrally
adj. 身体的；肉体的
 - physical, personal, material

Word: grandstand
Front: grandstand
[ˈgrænstænd] (宝 19216/16901 -1)
Back: n. （运动场等的）正面看台; 观众
vi. 为博取观众喝彩而卖弄技巧
adj. 看台上的
时态：grandstanded, grandstanding, grandstands
分布：正面看台(48%)，观众(28%)，哗众取宠的表演(18%)，卖弄技巧(6%)
→grand, 巨大的。stand, 站，看台。
【记】grand（adj 盛大的；豪华的；重大的），stand（n 停止；看台v 站立；持久；经受）－大看台grand stand：华丽地站着－哗众取宠
noun countable
■a set of seats arranged in rising rows, sometimes covered by a roof, from which people can easily watch sports or other events 大看台
['grænd.stænd] noun countable
have a grandstand view informal
■to be in a position where you can see something very well 视线很好；一览无遗
• From our hotel room window, we had a grandstand view of the parade. 我们从旅馆房间的视窗可以一览无遗地观看庆祝游行的场面。
n. 正面看台；观众；哗众取宠的表演
 - audience, spectator

Word: exhaustion
Front: exhaustion
[ɪgˈzɔ:stʃən] (四托 8142/8483)
Vocabulary: exhaustion
(once / 815 pages)
n
Exhaustion is a state of being incredibly tired. Running a marathon on a hot day often results in exhaustion.
Your exhaustion might be due to physical fatigue, after shoveling snow for hours or chasing after your runaway dog, or mental tiredness. A terrible argument with your best friend can lead to exhaustion, for example. Another kind of exhaustion is caused by illness or general weakness. Exhaustion comes from the verb exhaust, "a drawing off," specifically of strength. from the Latin exhaurire, "draw off" or "take away."
WORD FAMILY
exhaustion: exhaustions+/ exhaust: exhausted, exhausting, exhaustion, exhaustive, exhausts/ exhausted: exhaustedly, unexhausted/ exhausting: exhaustingly/ exhaustive: exhaustively
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is something of a tradition, brought about by sheer exhaustion, that triathletes collapse on the floor after finishing their race.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Like Astaire, Reynolds never showed her exhaustion or pain onscreen.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
And that was that for the Saint Pablo tour, which was rapidly cancelled when West was admitted to hospital to be treated for exhaustion.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 疲惫，衰竭; 枯竭，用尽; 排空; 彻底的研究
分布：疲惫(65%)，筋疲力尽(29%)，竭尽(6%)
→ex-, 向外。-haust, 排出。引申义耗尽，筋疲力尽。
US [-'zɑ:-] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■when you are extremely tired 筋疲力竭；疲惫不堪
• She felt ill with/from exhaustion. 她过度劳累，终于病了。
n. 枯竭； [电子] 耗尽；精疲力竭
 - effeteness, drying up

Word: futuristic
Front: futuristic
[ˌfju:tʃəˈrɪstɪk] (14008/19100 -1)
Vocabulary: futuristic
(once / 12946 pages)
adj
Use the adjective futuristic to describe something so new and unfamiliar that it looks like it could come from the future. You might admire your cousin's futuristic, streamlined bicycle helmet.
Something that's futuristic is designed in very modern way, like a low, sleek, futuristic car or a strange, futuristic suit of clothing. The word can also describe a work of fiction that's set in the future, like a futuristic thriller which takes place in another galaxy. When it's capitalized, Futuristic means of or about the Futurism art movement, an early twentieth century Italian group that focused on speed, technology, and contemporary industry.
WORD FAMILY
futuristic: futuristically+/ future: futureless, futurely, futures, futurism, futurity/futurism: futurisms, futurist, futuristic / futurist: futurists/futurity: futurities
USAGE EXAMPLES
He quipped that proponents of the “futuristic delirium” of seasteading wanted a “Noah’s Ark to the Wall Street gravy”.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The French duo Justice, whose 2011 album “Audio, Video, Disco” explored bombastic progressive rock territory, returned to futuristic funk grooves for their latest album, “Woman.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The series’ visuals - both its western splendor and its futuristic labs - are spellbinding and seemingly as boundless as its thematic sprawl.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 未来的; 未来派的; 未来主义的
分布：未来的(78%)，未来主义的(22%)
adjective
■strange and very modern, or intended or seeming to come from some imagined time in the future 未来派的；超前新奇的
• At the unspoiled North Bay, three white pyramids rise like futuristic sails from the sea. 在自然景致保存完好的诺斯贝市，三座白色的金字塔矗立在那里，像来自未来的海上风帆一样。
• Her latest novel is a futuristic thriller, set some time in the late twenty-first century. 她的新书是一部未来派风格的惊险小说，背景设定于21世纪后期的某个时间。

Word: kenny
Front: kenny
[ˈkeni] (-/7425)
Back: n. （姓氏） 肯尼
分布：名词(100%)

Word: kampala

Word: jeer
Front: jeer
[dʒɪə(r)] (托雅宝 19977/15455 -1)
Vocabulary: jeer
(once / 965 pages)
vn
As a noun, jeer is the act of scoffing, taunting, or mocking. Think of it as an anti-cheer. If you offer cheers for the visiting team and jeers for the home team, you might not be too popular in the stands.
As a verb, jeer means to laugh at in a mean way. Even if you did forget the words to the national anthem, it wasn't polite for the crowd to jeer. But don't feel too bad: the last singer remembered all the words and they jeered her anyway! Tough crowd.
WORD FAMILY
jeer: jeered, jeerer, jeering, jeers+/jeerer: jeerers/jeering: jeeringly, jeerings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Raheem Sterling, facing his former club, seemed disorientated by the crowd’s jeers.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
As well as those that earned a jeer.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Mr. Shelby was cheered and jeered for his one-man blockade.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 嘲笑，戏弄
n. 嘲讽; 讥笑的言语
时态：jeered, jeering, jeers
分布：嘲笑(51%)，嘲弄(28%)，揶揄(8%)，奚落(8%)，讥评(5%)
→词源不详，可能来自拟声词，模仿嘲笑的声音。或来自cheer的变体，词义贬义化。
【记】jeer中间有两个嘲笑的眼睛ee。
US [dʒɪr] verb intransitive or transitive
■to laugh or shout insults at someone to show you have no respect for them 嘲笑，嘲弄
• The people at the back of the hall jeered (at) the speaker. 坐在礼堂后面的人嘲笑发言者。
giggle, laugh, chuckle, roar, sneer, beam, jeer, grin
这组词都有“笑”的意思，其区别是：
giggle: v.咯咯地笑，痴笑，傻笑，多指女人和孩子由于紧张、被逗乐、尴尬时所发出的笑声。
 • The schoolgirls giggled when the famous football player walkedsintostheir classroom.   当这个著名的足球运动员走进教室时，女生们都咯咯地笑起来。
laugh: v.笑，大笑，用于一般的笑或出声的大笑。
chuckle: v. (书面语)吃吃的笑，抿嘴笑，轻声笑，多指因得意或领会到某事中的趣味而暗自发笑。
 • She does not laugh out loud; she only chuckles.   她没有笑出声来，只是抿嘴而笑。
roar: v.怒吼，咆哮，引申为放声大笑，哄堂大笑。
 • He roared when he heard the joke.   听完这个笑话，他哈哈大笑。
sneer: v.冷笑，嘲笑，指以语言、表情、和声调表示轻蔑或嘲弄。
 • He sneered at the offer and said it was two low.   他对报价嗤之以鼻，说它太低了。
beam: v.本义指照耀，放光，引申为"微笑"，是正式用语，指面带喜悦或笑容，暗示对他人的友好或内心的满足。
 • She beamed with happiness.   她高兴得眉开眼笑。
jeer: v.讥笑，嘲笑，其同义词是mock。
 • The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down.   当那个拳手被人打倒时，人群开始嘲笑他。
grin: v.露齿而笑，指人因高兴、满足、轻蔑等咧开嘴露齿地笑。
 • He grinned at his mother.   他冲他的妈妈咧嘴一笑。
n. 嘲笑；戏弄；揶揄的言语
 - derision, razz
vi. 嘲笑；戏弄
 - laugh at, make a mockery of
vt. 嘲笑；戏弄
 - laugh at, deride

Word: loneliness
Front: loneliness
['ləʊnlɪnəs] (7051/7735)
Vocabulary: loneliness
(once / 674 pages)
n
Loneliness is the state of being alone and feeling sad about it. Your loneliness might lead you to sit at home listening to depressing songs, or it could inspire you to go out and meet people.
You can be alone — and enjoy every minute of it. But from time to time, most of us experience loneliness. It's a feeling of sadness or even anxiety that occurs when you want company. On the other hand, it is possible to feel loneliness in a crowd, especially if you aren't interacting with others, like in a crowded subway car or busy grocery store. Even a place can have a sense of loneliness, like an empty room just after all your guests have left.
WORD FAMILY
loneliness: lonelinesses+/ lonely: lonelier, loneliest, lonelily, loneliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
When I’m asked for my favourite inspirational scene, I nominate Tom Courtenay’s final, miserable act of defiance in The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
It also gets Jamie thinking more about his mother’s life, and wondering about her loneliness.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
They confronted scarlet fever, “grippe,” deafness, loneliness and destitution.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 孤独，寂寞
分布：孤独(67%)，寂寞(33%)
US ['loʊn-] noun uncountable
■the state of being lonely 孤独，孤寂，寂寞
n. 寂寞，孤独
 - solitude, soledad

Word: lashkar

Word: lyrical
Front: lyrical
[ˈlɪrɪkl] (13084/12464 -1)
Vocabulary: lyrical
(once / 2047 pages)
adj
Something that's lyrical is beautifully full of emotion. Don't be surprised if a lyrical passage in the book you're reading makes you cry a little bit.
The word lyric, and its connection to the words of a song, provides one hint about the adjective lyrical, which can mean "appropriate for singing." When a movie, book, dance, or work of art gives you the same feeling as the most beautiful music, you can also describe those things as lyrical. The musical connection goes all the way back to the Greek root word, lyra, or lyre.
WORD FAMILY
lyrical: lyricality, lyrically+/ lyric: lyrical, lyricism, lyricist, lyrics, lyrist/lyricist: lyricists/lyrist: lyrists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Adams’ lyrical and poignant novel about the plight of rabbits whose home was under threat became an astonishing success after it was published.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Adams’ lyrical and poignant novel about the plight of rabbits whose home was under threat became an astonishing success after it was published.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
Nor is the narrative served by the author’s prose, alternately lyrical and breezy.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 热情奔放的，抒情般的; 感情丰富的
分布：抒情的(44%)，抒情诗(30%)，抒情诗的(9%)，热情的(9%)，=lyric.(4%)，狂热的(4%)
adjective
■expressing personal thoughts and feelings in a beautiful way 抒情的
• The book contains lyrical descriptions of the author's childhood. 这本书里有对作者童年的抒情性描写。
wax lyrical
■to talk about something with a lot of interest or excitement 兴致勃勃地谈话，眉飞色舞地说
• I recall Rosie waxing lyrical about the flatness of his stomach. 我想起了罗西说起自己平坦的腹部时眉飞色舞的样子。

Word: opportunism
Front: opportunism
[ˌɒpəˈtju:nɪzəm] (24193/21537)
Vocabulary: opportunism
(once / 4505 pages)
n
Opportunism is taking advanatages of situations and people in a self-centered way, without regard to the consequences.
An opportunity is a chance for something beneficial, like a job or a new romance. Opportunities are good things, but someone who pursues opportunities a little too eagerly is guilty of opportunism. Opportunism is a self-serving, self-centered approach to situations that disregards how others feel. Opportunism doesn't necessarily break the law, but it does violate manners and decency. Moving in on a dead person's wife is a classic example of opportunism. People who act this way are called opportunists.
WORD FAMILY
opportunism: opportunist, opportunistic +/ inopportune: inopportunely, inopportuneness/ opportune: inopportune, opportunely, opportuneness, opportunity / opportunist: opportunists/ opportunistic: opportunistically/ opportunity: opportunism, opportunities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The too-familiar notes were struck: the overture of cynicism, the air of conspiracy, the cadenza of opportunism—and, inevitably, Donald Trump’s Twitter feed.
Time(Nov 29, 2016)
The Raiders have impressed with their high-powered offense and opportunism in the league’s best division, the AFC West.
Washington Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Technically, the process was about under-spent budgets, but ethnic politics and opportunism were at its core.
Washington Post(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. <贬>机会主义，投机取巧
分布：机会主义(88%)，投机主义(9%)，临机应变主义(3%)
→来自opportunity,机会，机遇，-ism,主义，思想。
机会主义(opportune时机的,机会的)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
US [ˌɑ:.pɚ'tu:-] noun uncountable
■behaviour in which you use every situation to try to get power or an advantage 机会主义
• political opportunism 政治机会主义

Word: quandary
Front: quandary
[ˈkwɒndəri] (托宝 15583/21357)
Vocabulary: quandary
(once / 6933 pages)
n
How to define the word quandary? Wow, this is quite a dilemma. What to do, what to do? Hmmm. Looks like this moment itself is a quandary: a tough situation that will be really hard to resolve.
If you’re uncertain what to do because all of your options seem unpleasant, you’re probably in a quandary. Some voters find themselves in a quandary when they dislike all of the candidates. A more common quandary is when you plan two events at the same time and can’t decide which one to attend. Some synonyms are predicament, dilemma, plight, and pickle — and choosing which word to use is a quandary in itself.
WORD FAMILY
quandary: quandaries
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is not the whole problem, but it is a major contributor to Metro’s financial quandary.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
There’s a strange quandary, then, for the development of certain vaccines.
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
Such is the quandary John Daly finds himself in after this weekend's show.
Golf Digest(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 窘困; 不知所措; 左右为难
分布：为难(53%)，困惑(42%)，迷惑(5%)
→来自拉丁语quando,何时，什么时候，哪天，来自qui,谁，如何，该，来自kwo,疑问代词词干，词源同quality,quantity,who,how.引申词义没所握，困境，进退两难。-and,现在分词。
【记】quan圈，dary：想象唐僧在悟空画的圈里面想救人又怕白骨精吃了的心理状态－进退两难。
【反】state of complete certain（完全确定状态）
US ['kwɑ:n-] noun countable usually singular
■a state of not being able to decide what to do about a situation in which you are involved 困境；犹豫不决
• I've had two job offers, and I'm in a real quandary about/over which one to accept. 我有两个工作机会，但不知该接受哪个，真是左右为难。
n. 困惑；窘境；为难
 - corner, confusion

Word: rebirth
Front: rebirth
[ˌri:ˈbɜ:θ] (11503/15186 -1)
Vocabulary: rebirth
(once / 5467 pages)
n
A rebirth can be a literal reincarnation — being born for a second time in a new body — and it can also mean a brand new beginning, like the rebirth of swing dancing in the 21st century.
If you're convinced that after your goldfish died, it was born again in the form of a crow, you believe in rebirth. Many religious traditions include the concept of rebirth. Even if you're not sure about reincarnation, you might describe a renewal or revival this way: "She's hoping for a rebirth of film photography," or "The money from his dad resulted in the rebirth of his business."
WORD FAMILY
rebirth: rebirths+/birth: birthed, birthing, births, rebirth /birthing: birthings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The studying paid off with a rebirth that coincided with Pittsburgh’s sprint to the AFC North title.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The celebration of the rebirth of the sun became the celebration of the birth of the son.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
From suffering through a decade of product delays, missed opportunities and lackluster stock performance, Microsoft found a rebirth of sorts through cloud computing.
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 再生; 复兴; 轮回
分布：再生(45%)，新生(28%)，复兴(27%)
→re-,再，重新，birth,出生。
US [-'bɝ:θ] noun [S or U]
■a new period of growth of something or an increase in popularity of something that was popular in the past 再生；复活；复兴
• English drama has enjoyed a rebirth since the 1950s with writers like John Osborne, Harold Pinter and Tom Stoppard. 自从20世纪50年代以来，随着约翰．奥斯本、哈罗德．品特和汤姆．斯托帕德等剧作家的涌现，英国戏剧复兴了。
n. 再生；复兴
 - reconstruction, regeneration, breeding, renewal

Word: preventive
Front: preventive
[prɪˈventɪv] (7596/10399 -1)
Vocabulary: preventive
(once / 2437 pages)
adjn
Anything preventive hinders or stops something, especially diseases.
When you prevent something, you stop it from happening. Likewise, anything preventive is used to ward off a bad outcome. Wearing a warm coat is preventative: it keeps you from getting cold. Saving your money is preventive because it will keep you from the poorhouse if you lose your job. Most often, this word is used in medicine. Preventive (or preventative) measures keep you from getting sick. Stretching before a workout is preventive, because it can keep you injury-free.
WORD FAMILY
preventive: preventively, preventives+/ prevent: preventable, preventative, prevented, preventing, prevention, preventive, prevents/ preventable: unpreventable/ preventative: preventatives/ prevention: preventions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wiedefeld also wants to focus on repairs and preventive maintenance for the rest of the legacy fleet, which is prone to breakdowns.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
It authorizes $6.3 billion in money taken from a preventive health care fund and other sources, but funding must be appropriated annually.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
The ACA was a revolutionary public health act that allowed millions of people who never had health insurance before to access preventive care.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 预防; 防止; 预防措施; 预防药
adj. 预防的; 防止的
分布：预防的(63%)，预防性措施(23%)，防病的(7%)，预防物(7%)
预防性的[ven,vent=come,表示"来"]
预防药(prevent预防)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
US [-tˌɪv] (also preventative)
adjective [before noun]
 ADVANCED
■intended to stop something before it happens 防止的，预防的
• In the past 10 years, preventive measures have radically reduced levels of tooth decay in children. 过去十年内，预防措施大大降低了儿童龋齿的发生。
• preventative medicine 预防药物
n. 预防药；预防法
 - prophylactic
adj. 预防的，防止的
 - precautionary

Word: subpoena
Front: subpoena
[səˈpi:nə] (宝 10846/36458 -1)
Vocabulary: subpoena
(once / 3473 pages)
nv
A subpoena is a document that requires its recipient to appear in court as a witness. If you receive a subpoena, it doesn't mean you've done anything wrong; it just means you may have information that's needed by the court.
Subpoena can also be a verb: You can subpoena someone by giving them a subpoena. If you receive a subpoena but fail to carry out its instructions, you're in big trouble. This fact is suggested by the Latin roots of this word: the prefix sub- means "under" and poena means "penalty." One nice thing about a subpoena is that it's not a summons; if you get one of those, it means you're being sued.
WORD FAMILY
subpoena: subpoenaed, subpoenaing, subpoenas
USAGE EXAMPLES
The City Attorney’s Office wants to quash the subpoenas, and a hearing on that is scheduled next month.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
A spokesman for the U.S. attorney for the Northern District of California, which issued the subpoena, declined comment.
Reuters(Dec 23, 2016)
Guidelines for law enforcement listed on the company’s website include a requirement for a court order or subpoena before it releases user information.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. <法>传票
vt. <法>传唤（某人）; 传讯
时态：subpoenaed, subpoenaing, subpoenas
分布：名词(63%)，动词(37%)
→来自拉丁语 sub poena,等待处罚的，来自 sub,在下，poena,处罚，词源同 penal,punish.
【记】sub下面，poena＝penalty（n 惩罚）－面临惩罚－传讯
legal
verb transitive
■to order someone to go to a court of law to answer questions 传唤（某人）出庭
• A friend of the victim was subpoenaed as a witness by lawyers representing the accused. 被告方律师传唤受害人的一个朋友出庭作证。
• [+ to infinitive] They were subpoenaed to testify before the judge. 他们被传唤到庭作证。
■to order that documents must be produced in a court of law （发传票）命令交出，索取
[sə'pi:.nə] legal
noun countable
■a legal document ordering someone to appear in a court of law 传票
• Subpoenas were issued to several government employees. 已向几个政府雇员发出传票。
vt. 传唤，传审；传讯
 - cite, arraign
n. [法] 传票
 - citation, summons

Word: sexuality
Front: sexuality
[ˌsekʃuˈæləti] (4763/4619 -2)
Vocabulary: sexuality
(once / 4442 pages)
n
The noun sexuality can refer to sexual matters of all kinds. It often describes having sexual feelings. A novel about a teenager growing up may examine the awakening sexuality of its main character.
Sexuality also describes a person's sexual preferences and orientation — meaning whether you're gay or straight. Sexuality can refer to erotic experiences, but it can also be used broadly to refer to how organisms — whether human or animal — reproduce. There are scientists who exclusively study sexuality, from the mating habits of animals to the peculiarities of how humans pair up.
WORD FAMILY
sexual: bisexual, intersexual, nonsexual, sexualise, sexuality, sexualize, sexually, transsexual+/bisexual: bisexuality, bisexually, bisexuals/desexualize: desexualized/intersex: intersexes/nonsexual: nonsexually/ sex: intersex, oversexed, sexed, sexes, sexing, sexism, sexless, sexual, sexy, undersexed, unsex/ sexism: sexist / sexist: sexists/sexless: sexlessly, sexlessness/sexualise: desexualise/sexualize: desexualize, sexualized, sexualizes, sexualizing/ sexy: sexier, sexiest, sexily, sexiness, unsexy/transsexual: transsexualism, transsexuals/unsex: unsexed, unsexes, unsexing
USAGE EXAMPLES
His job lost, his family struggling to accept his sexuality, Ma set out to turn his passion for connecting gay people into an empire.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Michael skirted around his sexuality for nearly two decades.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
Of all the music, all the forms of sexuality that might have been on offer to the youth in 1984, “Darling Nikki” was first-rate.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 性别，有性状态; 性欲; 性生活; 性兴趣
分布：性欲(49%)，性别(45%)，性方面的事情(6%)
→sexual,性的，-ity,表性质。
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■someone's ability to experience or express sexual feelings 性能力；性欲
• She was uncomfortably aware of her son's developing sexuality. 她意识到儿子的性冲动日渐增强，非常不安。
n. [胚] 性别； [心理] 性欲； [生物] 性征；性方面的事情（比如性行为或性能力）
 - gender, sexual desire

Word: rum
Front: rum
[rʌm] (9529/9986 -1)
Back: n. 朗姆酒
adj. 古怪的，奇特的; 难对付的; 蹩脚的
级别：rummer, rummest
分布：古怪的(39%)，甜酒(33%)，危险的(14%)，困难的(14%)
→据说是来自吉普赛语 rom,男人，丈夫，引申词义强壮的，有力的，优秀的，极好的，后词 义讽刺的反转至古怪的，奇特的。rum 朗姆酒
noun countable or uncountable
■a strong alcoholic drink made from the juice of the sugar cane plant 朗姆酒
• I'll have a (glass of) rum. 我要一杯朗姆酒。
[rʌm] adjective (rummer, rummest) UK old-fashioned
■strange; peculiar 古怪的；离奇的
• She's a rum girl/lass/one. 她是个古怪的女孩／小姑娘／人。
[rʌm] adjective (rummer, rummest) UK old-fashioned
a rum do UK old-fashioned
■a strange occasion 奇事
adj. 古怪的；奇特的
 - odd, curious

Word: renegade
Front: renegade
[ˈrenɪgeɪd] (宝 13169/22372 -1)
Vocabulary: renegade
(once / 2049 pages)
nadjv
A renegade is a person who has deserted their cause or defied convention; they're rebels and sometimes outlaws, or even traitors.
A long, long time ago, a renegade was a Christian person who decided to become Muslim. That definition is pretty outdated, as these days a renegade is anyone who breaks laws or expectations to do their own thing or join the other side. It might sound kind of cool to be a renegade, like some rogue action hero. But in general, renegade actions are frowned, not smiled, upon.
WORD FAMILY
renegade: renegaded, renegades, renegading
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Renegade, the war horse. The spear. … This is as close as I’ve ever been to that.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Even after that setback, 2016 marked a dramatic turnaround for the son of the NFL’s original renegade owner, Al Davis.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
China considers the island, governed by Nationalists who fled the Communist takeover in 1949, a renegade province.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 叛徒; 变节者; 改变信仰者
adj. 背叛的; 变节的
vi. 背叛
分布：叛徒(67%)，变节者(29%)，判党者(4%)
撤消;取消(re+peal呼吁→反呼吁→取消;参考:appeal呼吁)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
背叛者(renege+ade表示人)[neg=deny,表示"否认"]
叛徒(renege背信弃义)[-ade表名词1.表示"状态,物品"2.表示"个人或集体"]
【记】re反，neg否定，ade进攻性：反过来否定你还有进攻性的人－叛徒
【参】negative（n 否定；负数）；
['ren.ɪ.geɪd] formal disapproving
noun countable
■a person who has changed their feelings of support and duty from one political, religious, national, etc. group to a new one 叛徒；变节者；背叛者；叛教者
• A band of renegades had captured the prince and were holding him to ransom. 一群叛变分子俘获了王子，将其扣押索要赎金。
n. 叛徒；变节者；脱党者
 - rat, traitor
vi. 背叛；脱离
 - tergiversate, turn one's coat
adj. 叛徒的；背弃的；脱离的
 - diastatic

Word: succour
Front: succour
[ˈsʌkə(r)] (-/32973)
Back: n. <古，正>救助，帮助（尤指需要时）
vt. 给予帮助
时态：succoured, succouring, succours
分布：救助(67%)，救济(33%)
救助,救援(suc下面+course→跑下去救助)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
US [-ɚ] noun uncountable literary
■help given to someone, especially someone who is suffering or in need 帮助；（尤指）救助，救援
• Her organization gave succour and strength to those who had been emotionally damaged. 她的机构替那些情感受过伤害的人提供帮助和支援。
UK (ALSO US succor) UK ['sʌk.ər] US [-ɚ] verb transitive literary
■to help someone, especially someone who is suffering or in need 帮助；（尤指）救助，救援
• to succour the poor, help the helpless, support the weak 救助贫困者，帮助无助者，支持弱者
• Students should be encouraged, supported and succoured. 学生应该受到鼓励、支持和帮助。
vt. 救助
 - save.

Word: substantive
Front: substantive
[səbˈstæntɪv] (托宝 7140/5901 -1)
Vocabulary: substantive
(once / 2838 pages)
adjn
When you talk about substantive change, you mean change that really makes a difference. After a substantive discussion, you will have an in-depth understanding of what you are talking about.
When something is substantive, there is a lot of there there, be it meaning or volume of things. The word brings a serious tone. While it is often used to talk about problems and their solutions, a big steak dinner could be called substantive as could a very long piece of writing. In any case, you use it when there is a lot of substance involved.
WORD FAMILY
substantive: substantival, substantively, substantives+/substantival: substantivally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indeed, with no apparent plans for increasing manufacturing jobs or improving veterans’ health care, Trump shows few signs of delivering on his substantive promises.
Slate(Dec 29, 2016)
Contrast this with last week’s Security Council resolution, which the Obama Administration refused to veto and which substantively changes diplomatic understandings stretching to 1967.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
What they largely evaded, though, was substantive exploration of the idea of healing.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 真实的; 独立的; 大量的; 本质的，实质的
n. 作名词用的词或词组; [语]实词，名词; 独立存在的实体
分布：实质的(27%)，大量的(22%)，真实的(20%)，独立的(8%)，作名词用的词或词组(6%)，本质的(6%)，持久的(5%)，规定义务与责任的(3%)，名词性的(3%)
→substance,要点，实质，-ive,形容词后缀。引申词义本质上的，实质上的。拼写比较 space,spatial.
根本的;实质的(sub+stant+ive)[st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=stand表示"站,立"]
【反】trivial（adj 不重要的）
US [-tˌɪv] formal
adjective
■important, serious or related to real facts 重要的；严肃的；实质性的，本质的
• Substantive research on the subject needs to be carried out. 需要针对这课题开展实质性的研究。
• The documents are the first substantive information obtained by the investigators. 这些档是调查者得到的第一批实质材料。
adj. 有实质的；大量的；真实的；独立存在的
 - massive, extensive, actual, sincere, macro

Word: sympathise

Word: upend
Front: upend
[ʌpˈend] (19448/25235)
Back: v. 颠倒，倒放
时态：upended, upending, upends
分布：颠覆(47%)，颠倒(27%)，竖立(20%)，倒立(6%)
→即把上端放在末端的，上下颠倒的。
verb transitive
■to push or move something so that the part which usually touches the ground does so no longer 使颠倒；倒放
• She upended the chessboard halfway through the game because she was losing. 棋下到一半时她把棋盘掀翻了，因为她要输了。
vt. 倒放，颠倒；竖立
 - reverse, bottom up

Word: vacate
Front: vacate
[vəˈkeɪt] (托 12605/13699 -1)
Vocabulary: vacate
(once / 393 pages)
v
If someone asks you to vacate the room, you'd better pack up your things and go. When you vacate something, you leave it behind, usually empty.
When you stay at a hotel, you're required to vacate the room at check-out time. The same goes for the last day of your lease on your apartment or after closing on the sale of your house. In all of these cases, you've got to get going and take all of your stuff with you. The verb vacate can also be used in conjunction with leaving a job, often an appointed office.
WORD FAMILY
vacate: vacated, vacates, vacating, vacation +/ vacation: vacationed, vacationer, vacationing, vacationist, vacations/vacationer: vacationers/vacationing: vacationings/vacationist: vacationists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Let It Shine is filling the BBC One Saturday night slot that was vacated by The Voice UK's move to ITV.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Obama also ordered Russia to vacate two U.S. facilities as part of the tough sanctions on Russia.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
Another new law allows people to petition to annul records of criminal convictions, if the conviction was later vacated by a court.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 搬出; 空出; 取消; 使撤退
vi. 空出; 腾出; 辞（职）; 休假
时态：vacated, vacating, vacates
分布：空出(84%)，让出(16%)
→来自拉丁语vacare,空的，词源同vain.
弄空;退出(vac+ate表动作→弄空)[vac,van,void=empty表示"空"]
formal
verb transitive
■to leave a room, building, chair, etc. so that it is available for other people 空出，腾出
• Hotel guests are requested to vacate their rooms by noon. 饭店房客务请在中午之前退房。
• Denis vacates his job at the end of the week. 邓尼斯本周末离职。
vi. 空出，腾出；辞职；休假
 - quit, resign from
vt. 空出，搬出；取消；使撤退
 - recall, move out of

Word: undisputed
Front: undisputed
[ˌʌndɪˈspju:tɪd] (15748/14969 -1)
Back: adj. 无可置疑的; 毫无疑问的; 无可争辩的; 无异议的
分布：无异议的(60%)，确实的(20%)，无可置辩的(20%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■If something is undisputed, everyone agrees about it 无争议的；不容置疑的
• an undisputed fact 不容置疑的事实
• the undisputed champion/winner 无可争议的冠军／赢家
adj. 无可争辩的；无异议的；毫无疑问的
 - unarguable, incontestable

Word: trash
Front: trash
[træʃ] (研托 4408/16241 -1)
Vocabulary: trash
(once / 1239 pages)
1nv 2n
Trash is rubbish or garbage — it's the stuff that gets thrown away. Your town might organize a clean-up day each year when people pick up trash in parks and neighborhoods.
Trash is dirty, worthless, leftover debris. Fittingly, the word is also a terribly derogatory term for useless, low-status people: "I should've known you were nothing but trash." And to trash talk is to brutally criticize or gossip about someone. You can even use trash as a verb, to mean "throw away," as in, "I'm going to trash this trash in that trash can over there."
WORD FAMILY
trash: trashed, trashes, trashing, trashy+/trashy: trashier, trashiest, trashily, trashiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shuafat camp is often depicted in the international media as the most dangerous place in Jerusalem, a crucible of crime, jihad and trash fires.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
He has also been flipped over many times by large waves and encountered sprawling islands of floating trash.
Reuters(Dec 01, 2016)
FBI agents now theorize that the hard drive might have been thrown into a trash bin and be buried in a landfill.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 垃圾，废物; 断枝，碎块; 废话; 社会渣滓
vt. 废弃; 拆毁; 搞垮，贬低; 从…上除去细枝或枝条
时态：trashed, trashing, trashes
分布：垃圾(89%)，废物(6%)，捣毁(2%)，废弃(2%)，擦去(1%)
→词源不详。
n.垃圾;拙劣的作品;渣滓,败类His head is filled with trash.他的脑子里全是垃圾.
noun uncountable
THINGS 东西
 IMPROVER informal
■something that is of low quality 废物，垃圾
• I can't believe that someone of his intelligence can read such trash! 我简直不敢相信他这么聪明的人竟然读这种垃圾东西！
• There's only trash on the television tonight. 今晚的电视节目尽是些垃圾。
 IMPROVER US for
■rubbish 胡说；说无意义的话
• The trash really stinks - why don't you take it out? 这垃圾真臭——你为甚么不拿出去？
[træʃ] noun uncountable
PEOPLE 人
[+ sing/pl verb] US informal
■an insulting way of referring to a group of people that you have no respect for 窝囊废，废物
• We don't have anything to do with the people in the apartment below us - they're trash. 我们与楼下公寓的人没有任何关系——他们是群废物。
[træʃ] noun uncountable
talk trash informal
■to say things that do not have a lot of meaning 说废话
• There are too many radio shows featuring idiots who call in and talk trash all day. 在很多广播节目里，总有一些白痴整天打进电话说些废话。
US informal
■to criticize other people, especially unfairly or cruelly （尤指不公或残忍地）批评，指责
[træʃ] verb transitive informal
THROW AWAY 丢弃
■to throw something away 丢弃
• I simply trash that sort of mail. 对于那种邮件，我索性一丢了之。
[træʃ] verb transitive informal
DAMAGE 破坏
■to destroy or severely damage something 破坏；拆毁（破坏或严重损坏某物）
• The guys got angry and trashed the bar. 这些人一气之下把酒吧砸了个稀巴烂。
[træʃ] verb transitive informal
CRITICIZE 批评
■to criticize something or someone severely 猛烈批评，痛斥
• The boss completely trashed her work, in front of everyone. 老板当着众人面前把她的工作批得一无是处。
n. 垃圾；废物
 - refuse, garbage, waste, junk, rubbish
vt. 丢弃；修建树枝
 - slough off, reject

Word: yank
Vocabulary: yank
(once / 4083 pages)
v
To yank is to pull or move suddenly and sharply. You might reach for a pan on the stove and then yank your hand away when you realize the handle is hot.
Your little sister might yank at your arm to get your attention, while a bully might yank your hair just to be mean. In both cases, they're tugging abruptly, and you can call the pull itself a yank. Don't confuse this noun with the yank that serves as a slightly offensive nickname for Americans, or even more specifically, for New Englanders. Dutch settlers in then New Amsterdam first used this word to insult English colonists in Connecticut.
WORD FAMILY
yank: yanked, yanker, yanking, yanks+/yanker: yankers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unpersuaded by the prospect of sunshine after two days of rain, Baffert yanked Arrogate, thus shrinking an already puny field to a wagering-unfriendly four.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Once inside, they broke computers, yanked interactive whiteboards off the walls, toppled over furniture and discharged fire extinguishers in more than 20 classrooms.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
From that point on the “babies yanked from the incubator” story was emblematic of the viciousness of Saddam’s troops.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)

Word: anguish
Front: anguish
[ˈæŋgwɪʃ] (研托宝 8411/7720 -1)
Vocabulary: anguish
(once / 342 pages)
nv
The noun anguish refers to severe physical or emotional pain or distress. A trip to the dentist might cause a cavity-prone person a lot of anguish.
We get this word from a Latin word, angustus, which literally meant "narrow" but developed the figurative sense of "distressed" — think of being choked off or forced into a small space. In modern times anguish has been in the English with the parallel and related meanings of "physical torment" and "emotional suffering." Both kinds might be experienced at the hands of a dentist who likes to make his patients squirm in agony.
WORD FAMILY
anguish: anguished, anguishes, anguishing+/anguished: anguishedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was puzzled when some were anguished that their mothers weren’t home for holidays and family events.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
These are false and forced frameworks, providing illusory freedom, as time provides illusory leniency when we, in anguish, let it pass monotonously.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
What binds the scenes together is Rodrigues, bearing witness and—so he hopes and prays—sharing in the anguish of his flock.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 痛苦; 苦恼; 伤心; 令人心酸
vt. 使极度痛苦; 使苦恼; 悲痛万分
vi. 感到极度的痛苦; 苦恼
时态：anguished, anguishing, anguishes
分布：痛苦(92%)，苦闷(8%)
苦恼的[angu,anx=distress(苦恼)]
n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦,烦恼Her heart anguished within her.她的心中非常痛苦.
【记】我的方法太粗俗：买an特别gui的sh屎－极大痛苦
noun uncountable
■extreme unhappiness caused by physical or mental suffering （肉体或精神上的）极度痛苦，剧痛，悲痛
• His anguish at the outcome of the court case was very clear. 得知案件的庭审结果，他痛苦欲绝，这是显而易见的。
• In her anguish she forgot to leave a message. 万分悲痛之中，她忘了留个口信。
sorrow, agony, grief, anguish, torment, distress, misery, torture
这组词都有“苦恼、痛苦”的意思，其区别是：
sorrow: 语气比grief弱，指因不幸、损失或失望等所产生的悲伤。
agony: 侧重指精神或身体痛苦的剧烈程度。
grief: 指由某种特殊处境或原因造成的强烈的感情上的苦恼与悲痛。
anguish: 指精神方面令人难以忍受的极度痛苦；用于身体时，多指局部或暂时的痛苦。
torment: 强调烦恼或痛苦的长期性。
distress: 多指因思想上的压力紧张、恐惧、忧虑等所引起的精神上的痛苦，也可指某种灾难带来的痛苦。
misery: 着重痛苦的可悲状态，多含不幸、可怜或悲哀的意味。
torture: 语气比toment强，指在精神或肉体上受到的折磨所产生的痛苦。
n. 痛苦；苦恼
 - smart, hurt
vt. 使极度痛苦
 - agonize

Word: abstinence
Front: abstinence
[ˈæbstɪnəns] (托 10794/16463 -1)
Vocabulary: abstinence
(once / 1921 pages)
n
If you are a chocolate lover, you'll have to show great restraint when the dessert cart rolls over if you are practicing abstinence, another word for "refraining." It might take a lot of willpower not to throw yourself at the cart.
Abstinence is the opposite of indulgence. People who practice abstinence deny themselves something, often something they really want. Regardless of whether people are abstaining from food, alcohol, or sex, they have to practice self-control. In fact, the word is derived from the Latin term for "to hold back." The word abstinence is often used in reference to sex education courses that teach kids to hold themselves back from having sex.
WORD FAMILY
abstinence: abstinences+/ abstain: abstained, abstainer, abstaining, abstains, abstention, abstinent /abstainer: abstainers/ abstention: abstentions/ abstinent: abstinence, abstinently
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of three of the six Cleveland brothers who survives today, he credits much of his health to a longtime abstinence of alcohol and tobacco.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
In its own manual, the Islamic State outlines the abstinence method as one option.
New York Times(Mar 12, 2016)
Abstinence became a popular message in some parts of the U.S.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 节制; 节欲; 戒酒
分布：节制(60%)，戒酒(23%)，禁食(17%)
节制;禁欲(abs+tin拿住+ense→不在拿住→戒除,禁欲)[ab-,abs-加在词根前,表示"相反,变坏,离去"等]
戒除;节制(abs离开+tin+ence→不在拿住→戒除)[tain,ten,tin=hold表示"拿住"]
noun uncountable formal
■not doing something, such as drinking alcohol or having sex 戒绝，戒除
• The best way to avoid pregnancy is total abstinence from sex. 最有效的避孕方法是完全禁欲。
n. 节制；节欲；戒酒；禁食
 - temperateness, denial

Word: delinquent
Front: delinquent
[dɪˈlɪŋkwənt] (宝 13568/16764 -1)
Vocabulary: delinquent
(once / 1495 pages)
nadj
The adjective delinquent describes something that is past due or people who are negligent in doing their duty. If you are delinquent in paying your delinquent library fines, you won't be able to check out any more books.
You may have heard the term juvenile delinquent, which refers to a young (juvenile) person who gets in trouble, often with the law, but people of any age can be delinquent. A delinquent landlord is one who doesn't make repairs. A delinquent tenant is one who does not pay his rent.
WORD FAMILY
delinquent: delinquency, delinquents+/ delinquency: delinquencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Congress considered bills to prevent the IRS from hiring or retaining people delinquent in their tax payments.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Others refused to discuss helping a borrower until they were 90 days delinquent.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Real estate taxes hold super priority lien status above all other claims, and the delinquent taxes accrue interest at 14 percent.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 不尽责的，怠工的; 有过失的; 拖欠债务的
n. 流氓; 少年罪犯; 失职者
分布：拖欠的(26%)，有过失的(20%)，少年犯(16%)，失职的(16%)，怠忽的(13%)，行为不良的人(9%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-linqu, 留下，遗弃，词源同leave, relinquish. 即被遗弃的人，缺乏管教的人，后主要指少年犯，不良青少年。
有过失的,犯法的(de一再+linqu+ent→一再离开[正道]→有过失)[linqu=leave,表示"离开"]
【记】linqu＝linger闲荡－不好好工作，却在闲荡－失职de一种卑劣的行为，lin林，quent读：困她：不好好工作，却在小树林里用一种卑劣的行为困住她－失职
【参】delinquency（n 失职，罪行）＝misdeed
noun countable
■a person, usually young, who behaves in a way that is illegal or not acceptable to most people （通常指年轻的）违法者；不良青少年
• juvenile delinquents 不良少年
[dɪ'lɪŋ.kwənt] adjective
■being or behaving in ways that are illegal or not acceptable 不良的；违法的
• delinquent teenagers 不良青少年
• They are carrying out research on the causes of delinquent behaviour among young people. 他们正在研究青少年违法行为的产生原因。
■US formal
■late (in paying money owed) 迟付欠款的，未按时还款的，拖欠的
• She has been delinquent in paying her taxes. 她一直没有按时纳税。
adj. 有过失的；怠忽的；拖欠债务的
 - blameable, peccant
n. 流氓；行为不良的人；失职者
 - swashbuckler, rapscallion

Word: deceptive
Front: deceptive
[dɪˈseptɪv] (六托 11485/13758 -1)
Vocabulary: deceptive
(once / 2149 pages)
adj
Something that's deceptive is not what it seems. A deceptive person will lead you to believe something other than the truth. Of course, I would never be deceptive when explaining the word deceptive.
If someone tells you that “appearances can be deceptive,” they mean you should look closely at your surroundings because the truth might not be obvious. You might see a connection between the verb to deceive and the adjective deceptive, so you are on to something. If you deceive someone, you are being deceptive. Is it ok to be deceptive when you're planning a surprise party?
WORD FAMILY
deceptive: deceptively, deceptiveness+/ deceive: deceived, deceiver, deceives, deceiving, deception, deceptive, undeceive/deceiver: deceivers/deceiving: deceivingly/ deception: deceptions, self-deception/undeceive: undeceived, undeceives, undeceiving
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Deceptive Bike Box. A mild sensation online, this object from the oft-neglected packaging category may be the year’s most cunning design solution.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
The administration was deceptive about the motives for the 2012 Benghazi attack.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
They want the FDA to require plant-based products to adopt a name other than milk, which they say is deceptive.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 欺诈的，骗人的; 靠不住的; 迷惑的; 虚伪的
分布：骗人的(55%)，虚伪的(30%)，诈欺的(15%)
欺骗性的(de坏＋cept+ive→拿坏的东西来→欺骗性的)[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
adjective
■making you believe something that is not true 有欺骗成分的，骗人的；造成假像的
• It's deceptive - from the outside the building looks small, but inside it's quite big. 这是一种错觉——从外面看这栋建筑物很小，但内部空间却相当大。
adj. 欺诈的；迷惑的；虚伪的
 - artificial, lost, false

Word: downhill
Front: downhill
[ˌdaʊnˈhɪl] (9523/11207 -1)
Back: adv. 向山下; 如下坡一般; 每况愈下
adj. 向下的，下降的; 倾斜的; [体]下降滑雪的
n. 下坡路; 滑降
分布：下坡的(58%)，走下坡路地(14%)，向下的(14%)，向山下(14%)
adverb adjective
■(moving) towards the bottom of a hill 向山下；朝坡下；下山的；下坡的
• It's so much easier running downhill! 跑下山去容易多了！
• The route is all downhill from here to the finish. 这条路线从这里到终点都是下坡。
Compare uphill
[ˌdaʊn'hɪl] ['--] adverb adjective
be (all) downhill
■to be much easier 容易多了，好办多了
• Once we get the preparation done, it'll be downhill all the way. 一旦完成了准备工作，其余的事情就好办了。
• If I can just get through the training period, it'll be all downhill from here. 如果我能熬过培训阶段，其余的日子就好过多了。
[ˌdaʊn'hɪl] ['--] adverb adjective
go downhill
■to gradually become worse 走下坡路，每况愈下
• After his wife died, his health started to go downhill. 自从妻子去世后，他的健康状况开始每况愈下。
adv. 下坡；向下；每况愈下
 - alow, netherward
adj. 下坡的；容易的
 - easy, light
n. 下坡；滑降
 - declivity

Word: diplomatically
Front: diplomatically
[ˌdɪplə'mætɪklɪ] (17383/20282)
Back: adv. 外交上，外交地
分布：圆滑地(67%)，练达地(33%)
ADJ
外交的;外交官的
Diplomatic means relating to diplomacy and diplomats.
例：...before the two countries resume full diplomatic relations...在两国恢复全面的外交关系之前
例：Efforts are being made to avert war and find a diplomatic solution...各方正在为避免战争、寻求外交解决途径而作出积极的努力。
ADJ-GRADED
有手腕的;讲究策略的;圆滑的;婉转的
Someone who is diplomatic is able to be careful to say or do things without offending people.
例：She is very direct. I tend to be more diplomatic, I suppose.她人很直，我觉得我更婉转一些。
adv. 在外交上；靠外交途径；圆滑地；婉转地
 - oilily

Word: drape
Front: drape
[dreɪp] (6253/7862 -1)
Vocabulary: drape
(once / 574 pages)
nv
The drape of fabric or material is the way it looks — the shape it takes — when it's hanging. If you're sewing a dress, you need to use fabric with the right sort of drape.
You can describe the drape of a piece of velvet or cotton — and you can also use drape to mean "curtain." You could even say, "I just love the drape of those drapes!" When drape is a verb, it means "to cover loosely," as when you drape a quilt over your old sofa to hide its the rips and stains. In the 1940s and 50s, drape was also a slang term for a cool suit of clothes.
WORD FAMILY
drape: draped, drapery, drapes, draping, undrape+/drapery: draperies/undrape: undraped, undrapes, undraping
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cervantes, wearing a Santa hat with a blanket draped over her, passed.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A Michigan defensive back is draped around the left arm of a receiver.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Media trucks sat across the street, and motorists slowed to gawk at the building, whose ornate iron gates were draped with Christmas lights.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 将（衣物、帘、斗篷等）悬挂，披; （用布等）遮盖或装饰某人或某物; 将某物随便围在或放在另一物上; [医]在（手术室等处）挂上消毒帷
n. （厚长的）帘子，帷帘，帷幕; （帘、幕、衣、裙等）悬挂状
vi. 成褶皱状垂下或悬挂
时态：draped, draping, drapes
分布：布帘(42%)，褶皱(22%)，用布帘覆盖(18%)，悬挂(18%)
→来自dhrebh, 击，打，即对棉花，麻布等原材料的初步加工及弹制，其原义见drab. 后该词词义通用化，也用来指加工过的帘子，帷幕等。
verb
drape sth across/on/over, etc. sth
■to put something such as cloth or a piece of clothing loosely over something 把…披／搭／蒙在等
• He draped his jacket over the back of the chair and sat down to eat. 他把夹克搭在椅子靠背上，然后坐下来吃饭。
• She draped the scarf loosely around her shoulders. 她把围巾松松地披在肩膀上。
be draped in/with sth
■to be loosely covered with a cloth 被…蒙住／盖住
• The coffins were all draped with the national flag. 所有灵柩上都覆盖着国旗。
[dreɪp] verb
draped all over sb usually humorous
■very close to someone and with your arms around them 搂住，抱住
• I saw him last night in the pub with some woman draped all over him. 昨晚我在酒馆里看见他了，还有一个女人搂着他。
[dreɪp] noun countable or uncountable
■the way in which cloth folds or hangs as it covers something （布料挂起来或折叠后）下垂的样子
• She liked the heavy drape of velvet. 她喜欢厚厚的天鹅绒垂下来的样子。
drapes [plural] (also draperies) US
■heavy curtains made with thick cloth （厚布制成的）帷，幕，窗帘
n. 窗帘；褶裥
 - window curtain, window hangings

Word: expropriation
Front: expropriation
[ˌeksˌprəʊprɪ'eɪʃn] (24106/26897)
Back: n. 征用，征收，收用
分布：征收(88%)，没收(12%)
n. 征收，征用；没收
 - collection, imposition

Word: forerunner
Front: forerunner
[ˈfɔ:rʌnə(r)] (托雅宝 17730/11322 -1)
Vocabulary: forerunner
(once / 2394 pages)
n
A forerunner is someone or something that came before and paved the way for something today. Rotary phones were forerunners of today's complex cell phones.
The prefix fore- in forerunner is a clue that this word has to do with things that came before. A forerunner is someone from the past who preceded someone today, making new things possible. In the NBA, players like Wilt Chamberlain were forerunners of centers who played later. Early, gigantic computers were forerunners of today's sleek sophisticated computers. George Washington was a forerunner of every US president who has served since. Make sure to thank forerunners for paving the way for the rest of us slackers.
WORD FAMILY
forerunner: forerunners+/overrun: overran, overrunning, overruns/ rerun: reran, rerunning, reruns/ run: overrun, ran, rerun, runned, runner, running, runny, runs/ runner: forerunner, runners/running: runningly, runnings/ runny: runnier, runniness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the Communist telling, Sun is the “forerunner of the democratic revolution”.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
“There’s no obvious forerunner to guide us, no road sign or direction to follow,” Tencent’s research department writes in a newly released internet-industry forecast report.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Punk pioneer who helped form the duo Suicide, widely regarded as a forerunner of punk and electronic music.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 先驱; 先驱者; 先兆，预兆
分布：先驱(79%)，预兆(13%)，祖先(8%)
【记】fore前，runner（n 奔跑者；信使）
US ['fɔ:rˌrʌn.ɚ] noun countable
■something or someone that acts as an early and less advanced model for what will appear in the future, or a warning or sign of what is to follow 先驱，先行者；预兆，前兆
• Germany's Green party was said to be the forerunner of environmental parties throughout Europe. 德国绿党据说是全欧洲环保政党的先驱。
• The drop in share prices in March was a forerunner of the financial crash that followed in June. 三月份股价的下跌是随后6月份金融崩溃的一个预兆。
n. 先驱；先驱者；预兆
 - warning, precursor

Word: gusto
Front: gusto
[ˈgʌstəʊ] (宝 16728/18993)
Vocabulary: gusto
(once / 3549 pages)
n
You can do many things with gusto, or hearty enthusiasm, whether it's eating a steak, playing table tennis, or cheering on your favorite team. Some people live their whole lives with gusto.
Since the seventeenth century gusto has been helping English speakers describe things that are done with vigor and enthusiasm. Gusto is Italian for “taste,” and its Italian origins are evident both in its spelling, with its “o” ending, and its sense of “a taste for life." Use this word to describe vigorous activities — you probably wouldn’t "take a nap with gusto," even if you really enjoy napping. You're more likely to score goals and dance the Macarena with gusto.
WORD FAMILY
gusto: gustos
USAGE EXAMPLES
A red squirrel sat in the feeder, chewing with gusto.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
They also embraced the hedonistic rock lifestyle with gusto.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Khaled tends to his garden, but with the gusto of an eccentric madman.
The New Yorker(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 热情，乐趣，津津有味
分布：嗜好(44%)，爱好(32%)，由衷的高兴(24%)
→来自geus, 选择，品尝，词源同choose, gustatory, disgust. 原指有选择的品尝，风味，后词义外延至尝试，热情，兴致。
嗜好(gust趣味,爱好)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
US [-toʊ] noun uncountable
■great energy, enthusiasm and enjoyment that is experienced by someone taking part in an activity, especially a performance （尤指对参加表演的）兴致勃勃，热情
• Everyone joined in the singing with great gusto. 每个人都兴致勃勃地加入到合唱中。
n. 爱好；由衷的高兴；嗜好
 - interest, weakness, habit, like, bent

Word: fruitless
Front: fruitless
[ˈfru:tləs] (托 15518/13696 -1)
Vocabulary: fruitless
(once / 894 pages)
adj
Fruitless things are futile or pointless. If your search for your missing car keys is fruitless, you don't find them no matter how hard you look.
You can call a fruitless search a wild goose chase — despite your efforts, you're unsuccessful. If you spend a fruitless afternoon applying for jobs, you end up without a single offer, and if your attempt to get your dog and cat to be pals is fruitless, they end up hating each other just as much as they ever did. The adjective fruitless comes from the sense of "unproductive" or "without profit," like a fruit tree that doesn't grow any fruit.
WORD FAMILY
fruitless: fruitlessly, fruitlessness+/ fruit: fruitage, fruited, fruiterer, fruitful, fruiting, fruitless, fruitlet, fruits, fruity/fruitage: fruitages/fruiterer: fruiterers/ fruitful: fruitfuler, fruitfulest, fruitfully, fruitfulness, unfruitful/fruitlet: fruitlets/fruity: fruitier, fruitiest, fruitily/unfruitful: unfruitfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
Early in Fernyhough’s career, his mentors told him that studying inner speech would be fruitless.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
She was hopeful, but well aware that our search might prove fruitless.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Russia no longer seriously negotiates with Secretary of State John F. Kerry, calling those discussions “fruitless get-togethers” and preferring to deal with Turkey instead.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 没有成果的，无益的; 不结果实的; 不成功的; 白搭
分布：无结果的(80%)，不成功的(20%)
adjective
■If an action or attempt to do something is fruitless, it is unsuccessful or produces nothing of value 无成果的；无效的
• All diplomatic attempts at a peaceful solution to the crisis have been fruitless. 所有试图和平解决这场危机的外交努力都毫无成效。
Opposite fruitful
adj. 不成功的，徒劳的；不结果实的
 - failed, empty, unsuccessful, vain

Word: forsake
Front: forsake
[fəˈseɪk] (六托宝 14525/18423 -1)
Vocabulary: forsake
(once / 407 pages)
v
To forsake another person is to leave them entirely, usually in a moment of need.
Forsake may mean simply giving something up, such as a way of life or a homeland, for something better or more appropriate. But it is often a mean word, suggesting leaving something or someone behind when they need you to stay. One way to remember the meaning of this verb — to abandon or desert — is to remember this little sentence: "For heaven's sake, don't leave me, or heaven is lost!" Lose the heaven, and you have forsake.
WORD FAMILY
forsake: forsaken, forsakes, forsaking, forsook
USAGE EXAMPLES
The forsaken flora are a ready-made metaphor for the Moldova-born photographer’s own uprooted life.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
During the last 15 years of Ruth Wong’s life, when she was ill with dementia, Mr. Wong forsook his work to care for her.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Cider is another of those forsaken products that was huge in Colonial times — like hemp or leeches.
Washington Post(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vt. 放弃，舍弃; 断念; 摒弃（坏习惯）
时态：forsook, forsaken, forsaking, forsakes
分布：放弃(54%)，抛弃(38%)，断念(8%)
→来自古英语forsacan, 争论，反对，拒绝，来自for-, 完全的，sacan, 争论，争执，词源同sake.引申词义放弃，舍弃。或现词义可能来自不同的词义演变，来自for-, 否定，相反，sake,寻求，追求，词源同seek. 即不再寻求，不再追求，放弃，舍弃。
【记】for，sake（n 理由；缘故）－为了某种缘故（比如出国）而放弃女友或男友＝forgo
US [fɔ:r-] (forsook, forsaken)
verb transitive
LEAVE 离开 literary
■to leave someone forever, especially when they need you （尤指在他人需要时）离开，抛弃，遗弃
• Do not forsake me! 不要抛弃我！
UK [fɔ:'seɪk] US [fɔ:r-] (forsook, forsaken)
verb transitive
STOP 停止
   formal
■to stop doing or having something 放弃，摒弃
• He decided to forsake politics for journalism. 他决定离开政界，转向新闻界。
desert, leave, give up, forsake, abandon
这组词都有“抛弃、放弃”的意思，其区别是：
desert: 着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难的意味。
leave: 普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终止同一某人的关系，但不涉及动机与果。
give up: 普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。
forsake: 侧重断绝感情上的依恋，自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。
abandon: 强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。
vt. 放弃；断念
 - desert, yield, quit

Word: iceberg
Front: iceberg
[ˈaɪsbɜ:g] (托 9987/11370 -1)
Vocabulary: iceberg
(once / 1981 pages)
1n 2n
An iceberg is a huge chunk of ice that breaks off of a glacier and floats around the ocean. Most of an iceberg is under water and can't be seen; that's how a sneaky iceberg managed to sink the Titanic.
Icebergs exist in the coldest waters on the planet — the largest icebergs ever observed have been in Antarctica. An iceberg is blamed in the famous sinking of the Titanic in 1912, and the disaster inspired a new system for tracking and measuring icebergs. Another kind of iceberg is the lettuce, which is crisp and nearly as pale as an actual iceberg. The colloquial "tip of the iceberg" means the smallest hint of a much larger problem.
WORD FAMILY
iceberg: icebergs
USAGE EXAMPLES
They were all almost entirely buried, with only the tops visible, like stone icebergs.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
These were, the report said, “merely the tip of the iceberg.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
THE Arctic, and its images of icebergs and the Inuit people, are in trouble.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 冰山; （事物全貌的）一小部分; 冷若冰霜的人
分布：冰山(99%)，冷若冰霜的人(1%)
→ice,冰，berg,山，城堡。
US [-bɝ:g] noun countable
■a very large mass of ice that floats in the sea 冰山
n. [地理] 冰山；显露部分
 - Berg, floeberg

Word: mist
Front: mist
[mɪst] (高研四六雅 5967/4784 -2)
Vocabulary: mist
(once / 190 pages)
nv
Mist is a very dense water vapor, almost as thick as fog. Light rain can sometimes form a mist that makes it hard to see the road when you're driving.
The mist you see in the air on a damp spring morning is similar to the mist you spray when you water your plants — it's made up of tiny water droplets. As a verb, mist means "to cover with mist," so you might mist your dry plants or watch your windows mist up in the rain. Mist can also refer to a general dimness or cloudiness: "She watched through the mist of her tears."
WORD FAMILY
mist: misted, misting, mists, misty +/mistiness: mistinesses/ misty: mistier, mistiest, mistily, mistiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dickens is the poet, as well, of foul weather, of mist and murk.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
My eyes were misting up even as my jaw hung open.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
The Met Office said to expect cloudy weather throughout Saturday evening in London with areas of mist and fog becoming widespread.
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 薄雾; 视线模糊不清; 液体喷雾
vt. （使）蒙上薄雾; （使）模糊
vi. 下雾; 变模糊
时态：misted, misting, mists
分布：雾(93%)，使模糊(2%)，下雾(2%)，迷蒙(1%)，朦胧不清(1%)，使…模糊(1%)
→来自古英语mist,薄雾，水气，来自Proto-Germanic*mikhstaz,可能来自meus,水气，湿的，词源同moss,moist.
n.薄雾,霭The chemist and the mistress insist that the mist consists of several chemicals.化学家和女教师坚持认为薄雾由几种化学物品构成.
【记】读：迷死他－用雾迷惑死他
noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■thin fog produced by very small drops of water collecting in the air just above an area of ground or water 薄雾
• The mountain villages seem to be permanently shrouded in mist. 山村好像永远笼罩在薄雾之中。
• The early-morning mist soon lifted/cleared. 清晨的薄雾很快就散了。
■a thin layer of liquid on the surface of something which makes it difficult to see 水汽，水蒸气
• UK There's always a mist on the bathroom mirror/windows when I've had a shower. 我淋浴过后，浴室的镜子／窗户上总有一层水汽。
• Through a mist of tears, I watched his train pull out of the station. 我泪眼模糊，看着他乘坐的火车驶离车站。
[mɪst] noun countable or uncountable
the mists of time
■used to show that something happened a very long time ago and is difficult to remember clearly 岁月的迷雾；久远的年代
• The precise details of what happened have been lost in the mists of time. 事情的确切细节已湮没在岁月的迷雾中。
[mɪst] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  mist (sth) over/up mainly UK If something that you can see through mists over/up, it becomes covered with a thin layer of liquid so that it is more difficult to see through （使）蒙上水汽，（使）结满雾气
• Open the window when you have a shower to stop the mirror misting over. 淋浴时打开窗子以防止镜子蒙上水汽。
• The steam from the kettle misted up her glasses. 水壶里冒出的水蒸气使她的眼镜变得雾气蒙蒙。
⇒ See also steam up at steam
■If your eyes mist over/up, they fill with tears. （眼睛）含着泪水；泪眼婆娑
fog, smog, mist
这组词都有“雾”的意思，其区别是：
fog: 指较浓的雾。
smog: 指工业区的烟和雾相混而造成的又黑又浓的烟雾。
mist: 指轻雾，气象学上称作霭。
n. [气象] 薄雾；视线模糊不清；模糊不清之物
 - gauze
vi. 下雾；变模糊
 - fog
vt. 使模糊；使蒙上薄雾
 - fog, obfuscate

Word: handshake
Front: handshake
[ˈhændʃeɪk] (10651/14071 -1)
Vocabulary: handshake
(once / 5162 pages)
n
A handshake is the act of greeting someone by clasping their hand in yours and giving a brief, firm, up-and-down shake. It's fairly formal to greet another person with a handshake.
It's appropriate to use a handshake, usually with the right hand, when you're being introduced to someone or presenting yourself at a job interview, for example. You can also use a handshake to seal an agreement or deal with another person. Handshakes were used as far back as the 5th century BCE in ancient Greece, and some historians believe the handshake was initially meant as a gesture proving that neither person held a weapon.
WORD FAMILY
handshake: handshakes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though instantly recognisable, he still rises from the sofa and offers a firm handshake and an unnecessary but polite, “Hi, I’m Ben.”
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Handshakes and backslaps to the engineers who tuned the chassis.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Hugs and handshakes will be exchanged in the December air.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 握手
分布：握手(100%)
noun countable
■a greeting, or an act showing that you have made an agreement, in which two people who are facing each other take hold of and shake each other's right hand 握手
• He welcomed me with a wide smile and a warm handshake. 他满脸笑容，热情地握着我的手迎接我。
n. 握手
 - shake-hands

Word: johnny
Front: johnny
['dʒɒnɪ] (-/4239)
Back: n. 男人，家伙，短袖无领病号服
分布：家伙(86%)，约翰尼（男子名(14%)
US ['dʒɑ:.ni] UK slang
noun countable
■a condom 保险套
n. 男人；家伙；短袖无领病号服
 - boy, guy, apple, customer, he

Word: ordeal
Front: ordeal
[ɔ:ˈdi:l] (托雅宝 7701/7664 -2)
Vocabulary: ordeal
(once / 868 pages)
n
An ordeal is something difficult or painful to go through. Something kind of hard like taking a test can be an ordeal, but often an ordeal is a serious and long-lasting event, like an illness or tragedy.
When you go through an ordeal you have to deal with something tough. Waiting for someone you love to recover from an injury and come home from the hospital is an ordeal––for both of you––and being a victim of a crime is a different kind of ordeal. You can use this noun in an exaggerated way, too, as when you endure the long ordeal of cleaning the garage on a sunny weekend.
WORD FAMILY
ordeal: ordeals
USAGE EXAMPLES
Driving away from the scene, the men say little about the ordeal aside from nervous small talk.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Less than three months later, what Golden calls “the whole ordeal” started.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
His ordeal marked a rare instance in which a reporter for a U.S. publication was detained.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 严峻的考验; 苦难的经验; 折磨; 神判法
分布：严酷的考验(59%)，痛苦的经验(29%)，神裁法(12%)
→来自古英语ordel,裁决，裁定，身体的磨难，来自Proto-Germanic*uz-dailjam,即deal out,神的安排，神的旨意，来自*uz,向外，词源同out,*dailijam,安排，分配，词源同deal.原指古代一种用折磨肉体来裁决对错的极其残忍的迷信审判，如使一个人赤脚走在烧红的铁块或铁板上，如果这个人安然无恙的走过这块铁板，则说明神判断他无罪，如果他倒在铁块上，则死有余辜。后引申词义磨难，折磨。
【记】or或许，deal交易：或许可以交易，也有不交易的危险－考验你的忍耐力。
US [ɔ:r-] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a very unpleasant and painful or difficult experience 磨难；苦难；严峻考验；煎熬
• The hostages' ordeal came to an end when soldiers stormed the building. 士兵突袭那栋大楼后，人质们的苦难终于结束了。
n. 折磨；严酷的考验；痛苦的经验
 - illusage, torture

Word: recruiter
Front: recruiter
[rɪ'kru:tə(r)] (10729/28120)
Vocabulary: recruiter
(once / 6084 pages)
n
A recruiter is someone whose job involves signing people up as members or hiring them for jobs. Sometimes company recruiters visit college campuses to talk to interested students.
A recruiter for a large company might place advertisements for job openings and interview applicants, while a military recruiter works at an office where interested enlistees can sign up to join the armed services. If you work as a recruiter for your school's French club, it's your job to make the club look exciting and fun, and to sign up new members. The origin of recruiter can be traced back to the Latin crescere, "to grow."
WORD FAMILY
recruiter: recruiters+/ recruit: recruited, recruiter, recruiting, recruitment, recruits/ recruitment: recruitments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Recruiters are also seeking candidates to enter bilingual teaching programs, especially among high school graduates who received a state seal of biliteracy.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He played four years in high school, winning a slam dunk contest as a junior, but recruiters wanted him for football.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Recruiters do warn prospects that air defenders deploy frequently and it may be hard on their family lives.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 招聘人员，征兵人员
分布：招聘人员(87%)，招募者(13%)
VERB
招收；招募；征召
If you recruit people for an organization, you select them and persuade them to join it or work for it.
例：The police are trying to recruit more black and Asian officers...警方正在试图招募更多黑人和亚裔警官。
例：In recruiting students to Computer Systems Engineering, the University looks for evidence of all-round ability...在招收计算机系统工程专业的学生时，这个大学看重的是学生的综合能力。
N-COUNT
新手；新兵；新成员
A recruit is a person who has recently joined an organization or an army.

Word: parch
Front: parch
[pɑ:tʃ] (托宝 38955/-)
Vocabulary: parch
(once / 1233 pages)
v
If you don't water your lawn all summer, the hot weather will parch the grass until it's brown and withered. To parch is to dry up or wither due to sunlight or heat.
The verb parch is often used in the context of plants and people. Crops will parch during a drought. A patient's skin will parch during an intense fever. If you're a fan of cooking shows, you may hear the word used in a less dire way. A chef may "parch some corn," which basically means she will roast it lightly. Parch can also mean "to make thirsty," as in "After running a marathon in this heat, you'll feel parched."
WORD FAMILY
parch: parched, parches, parching
USAGE EXAMPLES
As the parched beige hilltops fill with red-tiled homes, decades of international efforts to achieve a two-state solution are unraveling.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The parched branches of big banks are still fortunate.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
In Alabama, the weather system dumped more than 2 inches of rain in areas that had been parched by months of choking drought.
Time(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）焦干， （使）干透
vt. 使（某人）极口渴
时态：parched, parching, parches
分布：烤干(58%)，烘(28%)，炙烤(14%)
→词源不详。俗词源认为来自parchment的回构词。
【记】读：怕吃，烤焦的东西不能吃。
【参】parchment（n 羊皮纸；毕业文凭）烤焦的纸
【区】perch（v 栖息）；porch（n 门廊）
【反】steep（v 浸）
vt. 烤，烘；使干透
 - to roast, bake

Word: monte
Front: monte
['mɒntɪ] (30503/10325)
Back: n. 始于西班牙的纸牌赌博游戏
分布：名词(100%)

Word: thankfully
Front: thankfully
[ˈθæŋkfəli] (11882/8647)
Back: adv. （用以表示高兴或宽慰）幸亏; 高兴地，感激地
分布：感谢地(100%)
adverb
■used, usually at the beginning of a sentence, to show you are pleased or grateful about something （通常用于句首，表示高兴或感激）幸好，幸亏
• Thankfully, nobody was hurt. 谢天谢地，没有人受伤。
adv. 感谢地；感激地
 - gratefully, appreciatively

Word: saturn

Word: shanty
Front: shanty
[ˈʃænti] (雅宝 18013/19887 -1)
Back: n. 简陋的小木屋; 铁皮棚屋; 船工号子，船歌; 下等酒馆
分布：简陋小屋(84%)，=chantey(16%)
→来自加拿大法语 chantier,棚屋，特指伐木工的临时小木屋，来自法语 chantier,架子，来自拉 丁语 cantherius,椽，柱子，框架，词源同 gantry,龙门架，台架。shanty 水手号子，船歌
【记】shan山，ty：在小山上的房子－shanty
【参】shack（n 小屋）
US [-tˌi] noun countable
HOUSE 房子
■a small house, usually made from pieces of wood, metal or cardboard, in which poor people live, especially on the edge of a city （尤指城市边缘的）简陋小屋，棚屋
UK ['ʃæn.ti] US [-tˌi] noun countable
SONG 歌曲
■a song which sailors sang in the past while they were working on a ship （旧时水手在船上唱的）劳动曲调
n. （美）棚屋；下等酒馆；海员号子
 - whare, skillion

Word: titanic
Front: titanic
[taɪˈtænɪk] (托宝 18286/23504)
Vocabulary: titanic
(once / 2413 pages)
adj
If two rival football teams played a close game that went into overtime, it could be could be said that winning it was a titanic struggle. This means it took a large amount of force and power to do so.
The root word titan is derived from Greek mythology. The Titans were a race of powerful deities. The adjective titanic can now refer to anything extremely large or strong. The Titanic was the name of the famous cruise ship that sank in 1912 after hitting an iceberg in the Atlantic Ocean. This name was chosen not only because it was the largest passenger steamship of its time, but also because it was touted as a strong ship, specifically that it was “unsinkable.”
WORD FAMILY
titanic: titanically+/ titan: titanic, titans
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it would be a titanic fight, some Republican senators would defect on principle, and Mr. Trump would almost certainly lose.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Mysteries at the Museum This special episode focuses on the sinking of the Titanic.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The Titanic, in the early 20th century, separated the different classes of travelers with metal gates.
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
Back: adj. <化>钛的; 四价钛的; 十分巨大的; 非常庞大的
分布：巨大的(100%)
【记】TITANIC号沉船是巨大的
adjective
■extremely powerful, strong, important or large 极强大的；极重要的；巨大的
• titanic mountains 巍峨的群山
• a titanic battle/performance/struggle 宏大的战役／演出／较量
adj. 巨大的；四价钛的
 - huge, tremendous, enormous, massive, macro

Word: wail
Front: wail
[weɪl] (托雅宝 8887/9985 -1)
Vocabulary: wail
(once / 391 pages)
nv
To wail is to let loose a long loud cry. If you're feeling truly miserable, take a deep breath and wail as loudly as possible.
When it comes to expressing unhappiness, wailing lies at the extreme end of the spectrum. So, it's best to save this response for life's most unpleasant moments — unless you're a jazz musician. In jazz terminology, wailing on one's instrument is actually a good thing. What's the connection between an eardrum-shattering expression of misery and a hot jam session? The answer to that question may depend on your personal musical preferences.
WORD FAMILY
wail: wailed, wailer, wailful, wailing, wails+/wailer: wailers/wailful: wailfully/wailing: wailingly, wailings
USAGE EXAMPLES
There the inmates shouted and wailed through the night, he said, and the place was thick with rodents.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
When Amarion wailed for hours in the middle of the night, Gwen would stay awake until 4 a.m. with him, often crying just as hard.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
As “Sunset” opens, sirens wail through Los Angeles toward “one of those great big houses in the 10,000 block.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 哭叫，哀号
n. 痛哭，哭声
时态：wailed, wailing, wails
分布：悲叹(47%)，痛哭(38%)，尖叫声(9%)，发出似哭的尖声(6%)
→拟声词。比较woe.
【记】w＝weep，ail（v 得小病）：大哭
verb
intransitive or transitive mainly disapproving
■to make a long, high cry, usually because of pain or sadness 恸哭；号啕大哭
• The women gathered around the coffin and began to wail, as was the custom in the region. 女人们都围到了棺材旁，开始号啕大哭，当地的风俗就是这样。
• [+ speech] "My finger hurts, " wailed the child. “我的手指头很痛，”那个孩子大哭道。
intransitive informal
■to complain loudly or strongly 高声抱怨；大发牢骚
• [+ that] Business people wailed that their trade would be ruined. 生意人都强烈抱怨说他们的买卖会被毁掉的。
[weɪl] noun countable
■a long, high, loud cry, especially because of something unpleasant 恸哭；号啕大哭
• a wail of anguish 痛苦的哀号
• the wail of the police sirens 警笛的尖啸声
vi. 哀号；悲叹
 - moan
n. 哀号；悲叹；恸哭声
 - regret, lamentation

Word: unprepared
Front: unprepared
[ˌʌnprɪˈpeəd] (10843/13693 -1)
Back: adj. 无准备的; 尚未准备好的; 即兴的; 不备
分布：无准备的(60%)，即席的(34%)，还没有准备好的(6%)
US [-'perd] adjective
■not prepared; not ready 没有准备的；措手不及的
• He was completely/totally/wholly unprepared for what he saw. 他对眼前的场面毫无准备。
• The extreme cold weather caught them unprepared. 极端寒冷的天气让他们措手不及。
adj. 无准备的；即席的；尚未准备好的
 - sight, extemporary

Word: acknowledgment
Front: acknowledgment
[ək'nɒlɪdʒmənt] (9911/19902)
Vocabulary: acknowledgment
(once / 772 pages)
n
When you recognize or admit the truth of something, you make an acknowledgment. Your grumpy friend who never gets enough sleep? He needs to make an acknowledgment of what his late nights are doing to his mood.
Other kinds of acknowledgments give credit where it's due. Research papers that quote other people's words or ideas contain acknowledgments that name the source. Publicly thanking someone is another kind of acknowledgment. Award winners at the Oscars and other ceremonies often rattle off a big list of names, acknowledgement for their contribution to the winner's success.
WORD FAMILY
acknowledgment: acknowledgments+/ acknowledge: acknowledgeable, acknowledged, acknowledgement, acknowledges, acknowledging, acknowledgment /acknowledged: acknowledgedly, unacknowledged/ acknowledgement: acknowledgements
USAGE EXAMPLES
And also an acknowledgment of Carrie Fisher’s own undeniable status as a matriarch.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
It’s an acknowledgment of disparity in how, using the same criteria, women rank considerably lower.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Third, no acknowledgment that discrimination on the basis of religion is wrong.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 承认，承认书，感谢
分布：承认(76%)，感谢(18%)，收件复函(3%)，=acknowledgement.(3%)
US [-'nɑ:.lɪdʒ-] noun
countable or uncountable
■accepting that something is true or right 承认
• All I want is some acknowledgement that his behaviour is unreasonable. 我只要你们承认他的行为是无理取闹就好。
■something given to thank someone for what they have done 答谢的表示，谢礼
• We sent her a copy of the book in acknowledgment of her part in its creation. 我们寄给她一本书以感谢她为这本书的问世所做的贡献。
■a letter or email to say that something has been received 收件覆函，确认收悉
• I applied for four jobs, but I've only had one acknowledgment so far. 我申请了四份工作，可到现在只收到一封告知收悉的回信。
n. 感谢；承认；承认书
 - recognition, appreciation, thank

Word: aloud
Front: aloud
[əˈlaʊd] (中高研四 5694/5849 -K1)
Vocabulary: aloud
(once / 203 pages)
adv
If you read something aloud you use your voice, not just your eyes. You might feel shy reading your poems aloud in front of strangers.
Aloud used to mean "very loudly," but now we use it to mean "speaking voice" as opposed to the silent voice of our thoughts. You might have to read something aloud to your grandmother if she's having trouble with her eyes. If you accidentally said something that you meant to keep to yourself, you were thinking aloud. If something is terribly painful, you might cry aloud — unable to contain yourself.
WORD FAMILY
aloud: alouds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Likewise, he wonders aloud why music “appears to leap ahead of where it should logically be in the hierarchy of needs.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The silence of the march was punctuated by demonstrators who spoke each name aloud.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Reading a book aloud to the children, she prompted them to recall facts about trees that they’d learned in an earlier session.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adv. 高声; 大声
分布：大声地(50%)，出声地(50%)
adv.出声地,大声地Please read this passage aloud, Jennifer.珍妮弗,请朗读这篇文章.
adverb
 IMPROVER
■in a voice loud enough to be heard; not silently or quietly 大声地；出声地
• He read her letter aloud to the rest of the family. 他把她的信大声读给家人听。
• People are starting to wonder aloud (= question publicly) whether the economic reforms have gone too far. 人们开始公开质疑经济改革是否矫枉过正了。
aloud, loud, loudly
这些副词均含有“高声地、大声地”之意。
aloud: 强调出声，能让人听见，无比较级。用于修饰cry, call, shout等动词时，有高声之意。
loud: 指声音响亮，高声说话，一般放在所修饰的动词后面。
loudly: 与loud含义相同，可放在动词之前或之后，用以说明声音的强度，含“喧闹”的意味。
adv. 大声地；出声地
 - out, loudly

Word: adobe
Front: adobe
[əˈdəʊbi] (托宝 14939/17875)
Vocabulary: adobe
(once / 2595 pages)
n
If you've ever visited New Mexico and noticed earthy looking buildings everywhere, chances are they're made from adobe, a type of brick that's dried in the sun.
The noun adobe originates from the oral form of Arabic al-tob, meaning "the brick," which is derived from the Coptic word tube, meaning "brick." In hot, dry climates like the American Southwest, Africa, and Spain, you'll often see buildings made of adobe. The word adobe can also refer to the material that these bricks are made of. The clay, water, and straw that go into the material give the bricks a natural-looking, informal appearance.
WORD FAMILY
adobe: adobes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hess said the Don Diego tower was notable because it incorporated the adobe style of the region’s dominant Spanish architecture.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Americans spent $3.45 billion online on Cyber Monday, according to Adobe Digital Insights, and nearly that much on Black Friday, the day after Thanksgiving.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
For its fiscal year ended Dec. 2, subscriptions represented 78% of Adobe’s total revenue compared with just 11% five years ago.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 风干土坯; 风干砖坯; （制风干砖用的）灰质粘土; 泥砖砌成的房屋
adj. 用土坯建造的
分布：土坯(50%)，泥砖(35%)，泥砖建筑物(5%)，制砖粘土(5%)，美国奥多比电脑软件公司(5%)
→来自阿拉伯单词al-tob。al，阿拉伯语定冠词, tob，土坯，砖块。
【区】abode（n 住所，住处）’b’＝避，躲避的地方－住所adobe ‘d’＝地，用地上的土做的－土坯【Adobe】美国Adobe公司，是著名的图形图像和排版软件的生产商
US [-'doʊ-] noun uncountable
■a mixture of earth and straw made into bricks and dried in the sun, used to build houses in some parts of the world （建筑用）土坯，黏土
• an adobe house 土坯房

Word: anthropologist
Front: anthropologist
[ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒɪst] (宝 6282/7410)
Vocabulary: anthropologist
(once / 4193 pages)
n
If you like to go people watching and enjoy studying the ways that humans behave, then you might be a future anthropologist.
Anthropologists are people that practice anthropology, which is the study of humanity. Basically they want to figure out what makes humans human. An anthropologist might be interested in everything from the traditions of a tribe on a remote island to the culture of an urban community and everything in between. Biological anthropologists spend their time with fossils and artifacts trying to figure out how early humans might have behaved and what makes us different from other primates.
WORD FAMILY
anthropologist: anthropologists+/anthropological: anthropologically/ anthropology: anthropological, anthropologies, anthropologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They look very human,” said Dr. Galdikas, an anthropologist and the president of Orangutan Foundation International.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In July this year, the Brazilian government rejected calls from two US anthropologists to rethink its policy of contact.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
In April, remarkable images of ancient Egyptian tattoos found on a mummy were shown at a meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists.
Nature(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 人类学家
分布：人类学家(100%)
[anthropo人类,-logist...学者]人类学者[anthrop(o)-人,人类;]
US [-'pɑ:.lə-] noun countable
■someone who scientifically studies humans, their customs, beliefs and relationships 人类学家
n. [人类] 人类学家；人类学者
 - humanist

Word: authoritative
Front: authoritative
[ɔ:ˈθɒrətətɪv] (托雅 9152/7691 -1)
Vocabulary: authoritative
(once / 1165 pages)
adj
Speak with an authoritative tone, or no one will listen to you. Why would they, if you sound like you don't even believe in yourself? Authoritative means sure or definitive.
When writing a paper, it can be useful to quote from an authoritative source, such as the encyclopedia, but you must also do enough research that you are fluent in your subject and can speak with the authoritative voice only true immersion can produce.
WORD FAMILY
authoritative: authoritatively+/authorisation: authorisations/authorise: authorisation, authorised, authoriser, authorises, authorising/authorised: unauthorised/ authoritarian: antiauthoritarian, authoritarianism, authoritarians/ authority: authorise, authoritarian, authoritative, authorities, authorize / authorization: authorizations/ authorize: authorization, authorizer, authorizes, authorizing/authorizer: authorizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
I am wary of authoritative eyes in the harvest and the lips that call nakedness shame.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Her real voice was quite deep and authoritative.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
The data is not so authoritative elsewhere in the country, but it tells a similar story.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 权威的; 有权力的; 当局的; 命令式的
分布：权威性的(75%)，命令式的(25%)
权威性的(authority权威)[-arive表形容词."有…倾向(性质)的"]
US [ə'θɔ:r.ɪ.tˌə.tˌɪv] adjective
■seeming to have an ability to control 专断的；命令式的；权威性的
• She has an authoritative manner that at times is almost arrogant. 她爱发号施令，有时几乎到了盛气凌人的地步。
■containing complete and accurate information, and therefore respected 权威的；可信的；可靠的
• The book is an authoritative account of World War Two. 这本书对第二次世界大战作了非常权威的记述。
adj. 有权威的；命令式的；当局的
 - magisterial, cathedratic

Word: blot
Front: blot
[blɒt] (雅 14045/11768 -1)
Back: n. 污渍; 墨渍; 弱点; （十五子棋中）易被吃掉的孤立棋子
vt. 玷污，弄脏; 涂抹; 吸掉
vi. （污点或污渍）溅出; 被吸掉
时态：blotted, blotting, blots
分布：污点(64%)，弄脏(14%)，玷污(10%)，弄上污迹(7%)，墨迹(5%)
→词源不确定，可能同blemish, 污渍。
US [blɑ:t] noun countable
■a small area of ink made by mistake 墨水渍
• an ink blot 墨水渍
UK [blɒt] US [blɑ:t] noun countable
a blot on sb's character slightly formal
■a fault that spoils someone's reputation （某人）名誉上的污点
UK [blɒt] US [blɑ:t] noun countable
a blot on the landscape
■something such as an ugly building that spoils a pleasant view 破坏风景的东西
UK [blɒt] US [blɑ:t] verb transitive (-tt-)
DRY 弄干
■to dry a wet surface, or writing done in ink, by pressing something soft against it 吸干，搌干，印干
• I signed my name and blotted the paper. 我签完名后把纸吸干了。
• She put on her lipstick and then carefully blotted her lips with a tissue. 她涂上口红，然后小心地用纸巾按了按嘴唇。
UK [blɒt] US [blɑ:t] verb transitive (-tt-)
SPOILED 污损的
■to make a blot or blots on something 弄上污渍；涂污，弄脏
UK [blɒt] US [blɑ:t] verb transitive (-tt-)
blot your copybook UK
■to do something that makes other people respect or trust you less 玷污自己的名声
• I really blotted my copybook by missing the meeting. 我没去开会的确使自己的名声受损了。
UK [blɒt] US [blɑ:t] verb transitive (-tt-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] blot sth out
SUN
■to hide or block the light from something, especially the sun 遮蔽（尤指阳光）
• A dark cloud suddenly blotted out the sun. 一团乌云突然遮住了太阳。
MEMORY
■to stop yourself, or to prevent you, thinking about something unpleasant 忘却，抹掉（不快的记忆）
• Perhaps there are some memories so bad that you have to blot them out. 也许有些记忆很痛苦，你不得不把它们忘掉。
vt. 涂污，弄脏；用吸墨纸弄干（或除去）
 - soil, mud, spot, dirty
n. 污点，污渍；墨水渍
 - jaup, tainture

Word: candid
Front: candid
[ˈkændɪd] (托宝 9420/14038 -1)
Vocabulary: candid
(once / 713 pages)
1adj 2adj
Straightforward and truthful talk might be described with the adjective candid. If you're always candid, your parents will know that they can trust you.
A serious-minded politician might suggest engaging in a "candid discussion" about a complicated topic like health care or the environment, because candid means "open" or "frank." Remember that TV show Candid Camera? It was called that because its hidden cameras supposedly showed a candid view of reality. In photography, candid has become a noun meaning "an unposed photo." The word comes from Latin candidus, meaning "white," which was later extended to mean "pure." Candid talk provides the pure, unvarnished truth.
WORD FAMILY
candid: candidest, candidly, candidness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Years of confidential German diplomatic cables provide a candid account of Luxembourg’s obstructive manoeuvres inside one of Brussels’ most secretive committees.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Fisher, the “Star Wars” princess who comically rebelled against conventional stardom, was the candid, drug-using symbol of Baby Boomers.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The photographer also doubles as an informal tour guide sharing insider tips while snapping candid photos of visitors as they explore a destination.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 率直的，坦白的; 公正的; 偷拍的
分布：坦诚的(36%)，公正的(32%)，率直的(18%)，偷拍的(14%)
→来自词根cand, 照明，词源同candle,蜡烛。
坦白的,直率的(cand+id→白的→坦白的)[cand=white,glow,表示"白,发光"]
【记】cand白的，纯洁的－坦白的can＋did：能做事的人是公正的。
【反】dissembling（adj 掩饰的）
['kæn.dɪd] approving
adjective
■honest and telling the truth, especially about something difficult or painful （尤指对棘手或令人痛苦之事）率直的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
• The two presidents have had candid talks about the current crisis. 两位总统就当前的危机进行了坦率的交谈。
• To be candid with you, I think you're making a dreadful mistake. 跟你说实话，我觉得你在犯一个可怕的错误。
⇒ See also candour
adj. 公正的；坦白的；率直的；偷拍的
 - judicial, just, pointed, frank

Word: cornwall
Front: cornwall
[ˈkɔ:nwɔ:l] (-/4737)
Back: n. 康沃尔（英格兰郡名，加拿大城市名）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: delightful
Front: delightful
[dɪˈlaɪtfl] (8762/5310 -2)
Vocabulary: delightful
(once / 173 pages)
adj
Anything delightful causes pleasure or joy. For most people, watching a puppy play is delightful.
Delight is a strong positive emotion. We feel delight when something entertains or pleases us very much. Such things can be called delightful. After weeks of cold weather, a sunny day is delightful. Making a new friend is delightful. Going to see an exciting or hilarious movie is delightful. A good cup of coffee can be delightful. This word can apply to almost anything you enjoy a lot. People who find lots of things delightful are generally pretty happy.
WORD FAMILY
delightful: delightfulest, delightfully+/ delight: delighted, delightful, delighting, delights/ delighted: delightedest, delightedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The aromatic landing of the fermented grapes is sharp, crisp, sweet, dry, delicate, delightful.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Don’t expect things to warm up past the high of 45, either — unless, of course, you’re sitting by a fire that’s so delightful.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“The house was a delightful retreat,” a man named Martin wrote in a review that he posted on the octagonal tree house’s webpage.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人非常高兴的，讨人喜欢的; 令人愉快的; 宜人
分布：令人愉快的(78%)，可喜的(22%)
adjective
■very pleasant, attractive or enjoyable 愉快的；吸引人的；有趣的
• Our new neighbours are delightful. 我们的新邻居很有趣。
• Thank you for a delightful evening. 谢谢你让我渡过了一个个常愉快的夜晚。
joyful, glad, delightful, merry, gay, happy, agreeable, jolly, nice, pleasant, cheerful
这组词都有“愉快的，高兴的”的意思，其区别是：
joyful: 语气较强，强调心情或感情上的欣喜。
glad: 最普通用词，语气较弱，表示礼貌的惯用语。指乐于做某事或因某事而感到满足，常表愉快的心情。
delightful: 指能带来强烈的快乐，激起愉快的情感，用于非常愉快的场合。
merry: 指精神情绪的暂时高涨，表示欢乐、愉快的心境或情景，侧重充满欢笑声和乐趣。
gay: 侧重无忧无虑、精神昂扬、充满生命的快乐。
happy: 侧重感到满足、幸福或高兴。
agreeable: 指与感受者的愿望、情趣或受好等和谐一致而带来的心情上的快意。
jolly: 通俗用词，多指充满快乐与喜悦的神情。
nice: 语气较温和，泛指任何愉快或满意的感觉。
pleasant: 侧重给人以“赏心悦目”或“愉快的，宜人的”感受。
cheerful: 多指因内心的愉快而表现出兴高采烈，是强调而自然的感情流露。
adj. 可爱的，可喜的；令人愉快的
 - lovely, pleasant, pretty, taking, grateful

Word: encouraging
Front: encouraging
[ɪn'kʌrɪdʒɪŋ] (4367/3389 -2)
Vocabulary: encouraging
(once / 451 pages)
adj
Something that's encouraging makes you feel better — more hopeful or confidant. A good theater director knows how to give her actors encouraging advice before they go on stage.
When someone you know needs extra help or support, a friendly letter or phone call can be encouraging, and if you're being treated for an illness, an encouraging word from your doctor will bring you a lot of relief. Encouraging test results are good ones — they deliver good news. The verb encourage is at the heart of encouraging, from the Old French encoragier, "make strong or hearten."
WORD FAMILY
encouraging: encouragingly, unencouraging+/ courage: courageous, courages, encourage / courageous: courageously, courageousness/ encourage: encouraged, encouragement, encourages, encouraging / encouragement: encouragements/unencouraging: unencouragingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The goal is to promote quality and contain costs by encouraging doctors, hospitals and rehab centers to coordinate care.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“We got whooped in a lot of areas. I did think we finished toward the end there, and that was encouraging.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“We didn’t play perfect but we played well. It’s encouraging,” he said.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 鼓励的，赞助的，促进的
v. 鼓励( encourage的现在分词); 支持; 促进; 鼓动
分布：令人鼓舞的(99%)，动词encourage的现在分词.(1%)
鼓舞人心的(encourage鼓励)[-ing 1.表名词"状态"2.表名词"行业"3.表形容词"正…的","令人…的"]
US [-'kɝ:-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■making you feel more confidence or hope 令人鼓舞的；振奋人心的
• There was a lot of positive feedback which was very encouraging. 正面的回应纷至沓来，非常振奋人心。
adj. 令人鼓舞的；鼓励的，奖励的
 - promotional, animative
v. 鼓励，支持（encourage的ing形式）
 - supporting, backing

Word: endgame
Front: endgame
[ˈendgeɪm] (24114/42745)
Vocabulary: endgame
(once / 32206 pages)
n
An endgame is the very last part of a strategic game, like chess or backgammon. The last few moves you make in your chess game are your endgame.
Although the term endgame doesn't have a formal definition in chess, it's long been used by players to describe what happens when very few pieces are left on the board. One interesting thing characteristic of a chess endgame is that the king, which spends most of the game being protected by other pieces, becomes much stronger. From the chess meaning, endgame is also used figuratively to mean "end stages of negotiation."
WORD FAMILY
endgame: endgames
USAGE EXAMPLES
That is, they’ve seen the tragic endgame of their data projections and became psychologically flattened by them it.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Karjakin grabbed the pawn and then, after a sloppy exchange of punches and counterpunches, the Russian emerged with a winning endgame that he ably converted.
Slate(Dec 01, 2016)
The show presents the idea that Ford is manipulating everyone to think the maze is the ultimate endgame.
Time(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 最后阶段
分布：最后阶段(62%)，残局(38%)
noun countable usually singular specialized
■the last stage in a game of chess when only a few of the pieces are left on the board （棋赛的）残局
■the last stage of a process, especially one involving discussion （尤指讨论过程的）最后阶段，结束阶段
• A diplomatic endgame is under way to find a peaceful solution. 正在为寻求和平解决进行最后的外交斡旋。
n. 最后阶段；尾声
 - epilog, finale

Word: dominion
Front: dominion
[dəˈmɪniən] (托 14454/10249 -1)
Vocabulary: dominion
(once / 597 pages)
n
When you are in charge of something or rule it, you have dominion over it. The most famous use of the word occurs in the Christian Bible, when God grants people dominion over other animals.
If you know the word domination, then you won't be surprised that dominion also has to do with a type of ruling over others. This is an old-fashioned and Biblical-sounding word for having power. A king has dominion over his kingdom. You'd never say the President has dominion, because we live in a democracy. Dominion implies more power than that — even absolute power. A dominion can also be an area or territory controlled by a larger country or state.
WORD FAMILY
dominion: dominions
USAGE EXAMPLES
“These days, I find myself returning to nature — less dominion, a little more wild,” she says.
Seattle Times(Nov 23, 2016)
To claw back the dominion he once enjoyed—to “make America great again”—Trump promised protectionism and “law and order.”
Slate(Nov 16, 2016)
With a hubris derived from its might and military dominion over Kashmir, the state convinces itself that it has the power to inflict blindness.
The Guardian(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: n. 统治权; 领土，疆土; 版图
分布：统治(67%)，领土(16%)，主权(15%)，英联邦的自治领土(2%)
领地;统治[domin=lord(主人)]
[də'mɪn.jən] formal
noun
uncountable
■control over a country or people 控制；统治；支配
• God has dominion over (= controls) all his creatures. 上帝主宰着他创造的一切生灵。
countable
■the land that belongs to a ruler 领地
• The chief's son would inherit all his dominions. 首领的儿子将继承他的所有领地。
n. [法] 主权，统治权；支配；领土
 - territory, governance, disposal, sovereignty, ruling

Word: ferocity
Front: ferocity
[fəˈrɒsəti] (15993/14118)
Vocabulary: ferocity
(once / 518 pages)
n
Ferocity is the state of being ferocious — wild, scary, and fierce. A five year-old girl pretending to be a lion will display her ferocity by roaring and baring her teeth.
Things known for their ferocity include wild animals, terrifying thunder storms, and fierce battlefield fights. A furious argument can have an element of ferocity, and so can a wild, loud piece of music. The Latin word ferus, which means "wild," is the root of not only ferocity, but ferocious and fierce. Ferocity came directly from the Latin ferocitatem, "fierceness, or wildness."
WORD FAMILY
ferocity: ferocious, ferocities+/ ferocious: ferociously, ferociousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He ripped off his tie early in the second half and whirled his arms with increasing ferocity as the game wore on.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Many online readers were shocked by the ferocity of the piece - and Miss Wintour's criticisms.
BBC(Dec 12, 2016)
He called it an optimistic ferocity and it’s something he challenges all his actors to achieve in his films.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 凶猛，残暴; 暴行
分布：残忍性(40%)，狂暴的行为(30%)，凶猛性(30%)
凶猛[fer=wild(野)]
【记】feroc＝fierce（adj 凶猛的；暴躁的）回忆atrocity在肉的城市（n 残暴；凶恶）
【参】ferocious（adj 凶恶的；凶猛的）＝savage＝cruel
N-UNCOUNT
凶猛;狂暴;激烈
The ferocity of something is its fierce or violent nature.
例：The armed forces seem to have been taken by surprise by the ferocity of the attack.进攻非常猛烈,武装部队似乎被打了个措手不及。
n. 凶猛；残忍；暴行
 - fierceness, cruelty

Word: glean
Front: glean
[gli:n] (托宝 10706/11171 -1)
Vocabulary: glean
(once / 1708 pages)
v
Seeing a word in context lets you glean information about how it's used. Glean means to gather bit by bit. You might say, "I couldn't understand her accent, but from what I could glean, she needs money to take the bus."
In the Book of Ruth in The Bible, Ruth meets her future husband when she asked permission to glean from his fields, which means follow the grain cutters, gathering the seed kernels that have fallen on the ground. For the very poor at this time, gleaning was often means of getting food.
WORD FAMILY
glean: gleaned, gleaner, gleaning, gleans+/gleaner: gleaners
USAGE EXAMPLES
But necropsies provide information about cetaceans that would be well nigh impossible to glean in any other way.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
This well-known podcast isn’t usually classified as “self-help,” but there are life lessons to be gleaned here.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
What other unexpected insights did you glean after you sat down and wrote the book?
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vi. 捡拾落穗
vt. 收集; 拾落穗
时态：gleaned, gleaning, gleans
分布：收集(87%)，拾落穗(13%)
【记】glean后可以clean田地读：搁里n（象谷仓）－把收割者落在田里的谷物收集到n里
【参】gleaner（n 拾穗的人）；gleanings（n 拾得的落穗；搜集到的情报或新闻）
verb transitive
■to collect information in small amounts and often with difficulty 缓慢艰难地收集（资讯）
• From what I was able to glean, the news isn't good. 从我辛苦收集到的资讯来看，情况不妙。
• They're leaving on Tuesday - I managed to glean that much (from them). 他们将在星期二离开——我辛辛苦苦（从他们那里）打探到的就只有这些。
vt. 收集（资料）；拾（落穗）
 - gather in, to collect
vi. 收集；拾落穗
 - gather in, to collect

Word: flemish

Word: errant
Front: errant
[ˈerənt] (15107/20766)
Vocabulary: errant
(once / 4102 pages)
adj
Something or someone described as errant has gone astray or done wrong by going in an unexpected direction. An errant bird might end up in northern Canada while his friends fly to southern Mexico for the winter.
Although errant is commonly used as a synonym for "misbehaving" or "naughty," it also refers to things that are just out of place. An errant bomb can hit a house instead of an army base, and an errant lock of hair can get in your eyes. Errant can be intentional, as in "the errant boys skipped school to go to the movies," or unintentional, as in "an errant snowball hit your neighbor instead of your arch enemy."
WORD FAMILY
errant: errancy, errantest, errantly, inerrant+/ err: errant, erred, erring, error, errs, inerrable/errancy: errancies/erring: erringly, unerring/ error: errorless, errors/inerrable: inerrably/inerrant: inerrancy, inerrantly/unerring: unerringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the film Fisher also talks about her childhood efforts to keep her errant father inside the family home by entertaining him.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
On the “Collateral Beauty” set, many of the formations he helped build were glued together to guard against errant elbows.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Mariota was hurried early and often, leading to errant throws all over the field.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 犯错误的; 行为不当的; 出格的（仅用于名词前正式用语）; （丈夫或妻子）对配偶不忠的（仅用于名词前正式用语）
分布：错误的(74%)，漫游的(15%)，脱离正途的(11%)
→来自err, 犯错误。
漫游的;错误的(err+ant)[err=wander,mistake,表示"漫游,犯错误"]
【记】err错；参考：error（n 错误）
['er.ənt] formal
adjective [before noun]
■behaving wrongly in some way, especially by leaving home （尤指离家出走而）犯错的，行为不当的，出格的
• an errant husband 出轨的丈夫
• errant children 犯错误的孩子
adj. 不定的；周游的；错误的；偏离正路的
 - false, wrong, improper

Word: handgun
Front: handgun
[ˈhændgʌn] (8785/24067 -1)
Back: n. 手枪
分布：手枪(100%)
noun countable
■a gun which can be held in one hand and which does not need to be supported against the shoulder when you shoot with it 手枪
n. 手枪
 - betsy, pistol

Word: hotelier
Front: hotelier
[həʊˈteliə(r)] (25724/16245 -1)
Back: n. 旅馆老板
分布：旅馆经营者(100%)
→hotel,旅店，旅馆，-er,人。
US [ˌhoʊ.təl'jeɪ] noun countable
■a person who manages or owns a hotel 饭店经理；饭店老板

Word: inaccessible
Front: inaccessible
[ˌɪnækˈsesəbl] (研六托 12956/11099 -1)
Vocabulary: inaccessible
(once / 1326 pages)
adj
Can't get to something you want? It must be inaccessible. If it were accessible, you wouldn't have any trouble finding it.
This word makes a lot of sense when you think about the word access, which is the ability to get at, use, or have something. Inaccessible things are out of reach. There are a lot of ways this word is used. A building without a ramp is often called inaccessible because people who use wheelchairs can't get in. People can be inaccessible too. If your doctor has office hours only one hour a day every two months, she's really inaccessible.
WORD FAMILY
inaccessible: inaccessibility, inaccessibly+/ access: accessed, accesses, accessible, accessing, de-access/ accessibility: accessibilities/ accessible: accessibility, accessibly, inaccessible, unaccessible/inaccessibility: inaccessibilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most of the buildings here are public or open to visitors, because what good is good architecture if it’s inaccessible?
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
These areas are usually very inaccessible and often off limits.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Portraits in the Oval Office are largely inaccessible to the public.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 达不到的; 难见到的; 不能接近的; 无法理解的
分布：难接近的(57%)，难见到的(26%)，难达到的(17%)
→in-,不，非，accessible,可达到的。
难以接近的[ced,ceed,cess=go,表示"行走,前进"]
adjective
PLACE 地方
■very difficult or impossible to travel to 难到达的；达不到的
• one of the most inaccessible places in the world 世界上最难到达的地方之一
• Some of the houses on the hillside are inaccessible to cars. 山坡上的一些房屋开车上不去。
[ˌɪn.ək'ses.ɪ.bl] adjective
MEANING 意义
■difficult to understand or admire 难懂的；难以欣赏的
• Why is opera so inaccessible to so many people? 为甚么歌剧有这么多人无法欣赏？
• I found his lecture completely inaccessible. 我发觉他的讲座完全听不懂。

Word: knuckle
Front: knuckle
[ˈnʌkl] (9033/10269 -1)
Vocabulary: knuckle
(once / 1676 pages)
nv
Your knuckles are the joints in your fingers that are farthest from your fingernails. When you clench your hand into a fist, your knuckles are especially prominent.
A knuckle is the part of your hand that makes it possible to move a finger freely, and if someone offers you a "knuckle sandwich," you should politely decline, since they're actually planning to make a fist and punch you in the mouth. To knuckle is to rub with the knuckles, like when you knuckle a bit of sand out of your eye. The root of knuckle is the Proto-Germanic knuk-, "bone."
WORD FAMILY
knuckle: knuckled, knuckles, knuckling+/knuckles: knuckleses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It is misery,” she said, wiping her eyes with a knuckle.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
“Everybody too serious,” Cheng explained during a lesson last month, clenching a paddle with white knuckles before releasing into a shrug.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
The best way to avoid breaking a knuckle?
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. （指人）指关节; （指动物）膝关节，肘; 铰结，肘形接; 铜指节套
vt. 用指关节打、压、碰、擦
时态：knuckled, knuckling, knuckles
分布：指关节(59%)，膝关节(19%)，开始努力工作(6%)，肘形接头(4%)，铰链连接(4%)，以指节压(4%)，屈从(4%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*knuk,骨头，-le,小词后缀。引申词义指节，铜指手套（一种过去的武器）。
noun countable
■one of the joints in the hand where your fingers bend, especially where your fingers join on to the main part of your hand 指节；（尤指）掌指关节
['nʌk.l] noun countable
near the knuckle UK informal
■about sex and so likely to offend people 近乎下流，近乎猥亵
• Some of his jokes were a bit near the knuckle. 他说的一些笑话有点近乎下流。
['nʌk.l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  knuckle down informal
■to start working or studying hard 开始努力工作；开始用功学习
• You're going to have to really knuckle down (to your work) if you want to pass your exams. 如果你想通过考试，就必须用功学习。
['nʌk.l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  knuckle under informal
■to accept someone's power over you and do what they tell you to do 屈服；认输
n. 关节； [解剖] 指关节；指节；膝关节；肘
 - articulation, arthrosis
vi. 开始认真工作
 - dig in

Word: metabolic
Front: metabolic
[ˌmetə'bɒlɪk] (六托 10967/10858 -1)
Back: adj. 新陈代谢的; 变化的
分布：新陈代谢的(100%)
ADJ
新陈代谢的;代谢作用的
Metabolic means relating to a person's or animal's metabolism.
例：...people who have inherited a low metabolic rate.因遗传而新陈代谢速度慢的人
adj. 变化的； [生理] 新陈代谢的
 - changed, sliding, varying, variational

Word: microscopic
Front: microscopic
[ˌmaɪkrəˈskɒpɪk] (六托宝 9581/12134 -1)
Vocabulary: microscopic
(once / 2795 pages)
adj
Skin cells, bacteria, and some kinds of algae are all microscopic, or too small to see without a microscope.
Use the adjective microscopic to describe things that are so tiny you can't see them. The word is a scientific term if you literally mean "can be seen with a microscope," although people use it sometimes to mean "really small," as in the phrase "Wow, your feet are microscopic." Mikros means "small" in Greek, and the scope part of the word comes from the Greek word skopein, "to examine."
WORD FAMILY
microscopy: microscopic, microscopical, microscopist+/microscopical: microscopically/microscopist: microscopists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Bush warned his son in 1988 that they would face a lot of “microscopic probing.”
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
During his 1988 campaign, George Bush was sensitive to the “microscopic probing” his children were facing, particularly as the election drew near.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
To document some of these wonders, photographers roamed the world, revealing objects from the microscopic to the cosmic in scale.
Nature(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 显微镜的; 用显微镜可看见的; 微小的; 细微的
分布：微观的(42%)，显微镜的(30%)，极小的(28%)
【反】elephantine（adj 象的；巨大的）
US [-'skɑ:.pɪk] adjective informal humorous
■extremely small 极小的，微小的
• The helpings you get in the office canteen are microscopic! 公司餐厅供应的饭菜就那么一点点！
UK [ˌmaɪ.krə'skɒp.ɪk] US [-'skɑ:.pɪk] adjective specialized
■very small and only able to be seen with a microscope 极小的；需要用显微镜才可看见的
• microscopic algae 只有在显微镜下才看得见的藻类

Word: mitigation
Front: mitigation
[ˌmɪtɪˈgeɪʃn] (11949/20789)
Vocabulary: mitigation
(once / 6102 pages)
n
Mitigation is the act of lessening or easing the harshness of a punishment, a fine, or someone's pain. In the legal world, a lawyer might ask a judge for mitigation of a particularly harsh sentence.
Mitigation is the noun form of the verb mitigate, which means "to lessen in severity." After a natural disaster, the government might offer mitigation, in the form of aid, to ease people’s suffering. If someone tries to make an offense seem less serious by offering an excuse, that's also mitigation. If you miss your curfew, you might state in mitigation that you came home late because you were helping an old lady cross the street.
WORD FAMILY
mitigation: mitigations+/mitigable: unmitigable/ mitigate: mitigable, mitigated, mitigates, mitigating, mitigation, mitigative, mitigatory/ mitigated: unmitigated /unmitigable: unmitigably/ unmitigated: unmitigatedest, unmitigatedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Prosecutors objected at every turn, and Gergel wouldn't allow any of it into court, ruling mitigation evidence is allowable during sentencing and not before.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
"Mitigation capabilities," says Jonathan Hunter, CEO of Department 13, "are therefore limited."
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Prosecutors objected at every turn, and Gergel wouldn’t allow any of it into court, ruling mitigation evidence is allowable during sentencing and not before.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 缓解，减轻，平静
分布：减轻(55%)，缓和(43%)，镇静(2%)
→来自mitigate,减轻。
PHRASE
为减轻罪责；为从轻处置；为了开脱
If someone, especially in a court, is told something in mitigation, they are told something that makes a crime or fault easier to understand and excuse.
例：Kieran Coonan QC told the judge in mitigation that the offences had been at the lower end of the scale...御用大律师基兰·库南对法官说这些罪行情节较轻，希望能够从宽判决。
例：In mitigation, it should be pointed out that there wasn't much incentive to make world-beating wine.作为开脱的理由也罢，应该指出酿造举世无双的葡萄酒并没有什么实际的好处。
N-UNCOUNT
减轻;缓解;缓和
Mitigation is a reduction in the unpleasantness, seriousness, or painfulness of something.
例：...the mitigation or cure of a physical or mental condition.身心状况的缓和或痊愈
n. 减轻；缓和；平静
 - peace, equilibrium, relaxation

Word: packer
Front: packer
[ˈpækə(r)] (托 21192/23690)
Back: n. 包装机; 罐头食品工人; 赶牲口运货的人; 打包机
分布：包装机(78%)，包装者(22%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a person, company or machine which puts goods into boxes or food into containers 包装工人；包装公司；包装机
n. [包装] 包装机；包装工人；罐头食品工人，赶牲口运货的人
 - packing machine, packaging machine

Word: procession
Front: procession
[prəˈseʃn] (研四六宝 7639/6035 -2)
Vocabulary: procession
(once / 255 pages)
1n 2n
A procession of mimes walking through the streets of your town would be surprising and somewhat terrifying. A line or group of people moving together in a deliberate way is a procession.
You're most likely to see a procession during some kind of ceremony, parade, or festival. A line of cars moving together to a cemetery is a funeral procession, and a bunch of parents pushing babies in strollers in a parade are also a procession. Another meaning of procession is any line or succession of people moving continuously, like a procession of local politicians knocking on your door one afternoon. The root of procession is the Latin processio, "marching forward."
WORD FAMILY
procession: processional, processions+/ procedural: procedurally/ procedure: procedural, procedures/ proceed: procedure, proceeded, proceeding, proceedings, proceeds, procession /processional: processionally, processionals
USAGE EXAMPLES
He interrupted the closing procession and singing of "May Choirs of Angels" to draw mourners' attention to a painting of Gabor’s horse.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Organisers said there were "limited torches and wristbands" for the Torchlight Procession.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
A paused clip was projected against the wall as they waited for the procession of pitches to begin.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 队伍，行列; 一列，一排; 列队行进
vi. 排队前进或列队而行
分布：队伍(74%)，行列(19%)，列队行进(7%)
→来自process,行进，进行。引申词义行伍，队伍。
n.队伍,行列During the procession, the microprocessor finished the processing procedure.在队伍行进时,微处理器完成了加工过程.
noun
 ADVANCED countable
■a line of people who are all walking or travelling in the same direction, especially in a formal way as part of a religious ceremony or public celebration 行列，队伍
• a wedding/funeral procession 婚礼／葬礼的行列
• The festival will open with a procession led by the mayor. 艺术节将由市长带领的一支队伍揭开序幕。
only singular
■a series of people or things, one after the other 一系列，一长串
• My day has just been a never-ending procession of visitors. 我今天一整天来访的客人络绎不绝。
procession, parade, demonstration
这组词都有“游行”的意思，其区别是：
procession: 指举行庆祝活动或盛大仪式时庄严行进的有秩序的游行队伍或行列。
parade: 多指盛大和正式的游行，有检阅等活动。
demonstration: 侧重指抗议的示威性游行。
n. 队伍，行列；一列，一排；列队行进
 - train, cavalcade
vi. 列队行进
 - file

Word: secondly
Front: secondly
[ˈsekəndli] (四六 6891/2787 -2)
Back: adv. 第二，其次
分布：其次(54%)，第二(46%)
['sek.ənd.li] (also second)
adverb
■used when stating the second of two or more reasons or pieces of information 第二，其次
• I want two things from my boss - firstly, a pay rise, and secondly, a longer contract. 我想向老板提两个要求：第一是调涨薪资；第二是延长合约期限。
adv. 其次；第二
 - next

Word: rhyme
Front: rhyme
[raɪm] (高宝 10200/8663 -1)
Vocabulary: rhyme
(once / 428 pages)
nv
A rhyme is when the ending sounds of two words sound alike — like "mouse" and "house" or "complain" and "sustain." If you have a knack for rhyme, you might have a bright future as a poet.
“True wit is nature to advantage dress'd; / What oft was thought, but ne'er so well express'd”: lines of rhyme written by English poet Alexander Pope. The way “dress’d” and “express’d” sound, that’s rhyme. Rhyme shares the same Latin root as rhythm, and poetry that rhymes does have a rhythm to it, like in a song. Rhyme is a noun for similar sounds or a poem that uses rhyme, and it’s also a verb, like saying, “What rhymes with orange?”
WORD FAMILY
rhyme: rhymed, rhymeless, rhymer, rhymes, rhymester, rhyming+/rhymed: unrhymed/rhymer: rhymers/rhymester: rhymesters/rhyming: rhymingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Your poem isn’t required to rhyme, but in the 14 previous times we did this contest, almost all the inking entries did.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
A look back at the highs — and lows — in 2016 cinema, in couplet rhyme.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
While it would be foolhardy to say history will repeat itself, I am reminded of the quip that it often rhymes.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 韵脚; 韵文; 押韵词
v. 押韵; 作押韵诗
时态：rhymed, rhyming, rhymes
分布：韵(65%)，押韵(25%)，韵文(8%)，用韵诗表达(2%)
→来自古法语 rime,同韵，押韵，词源同 rhythm,后拼写受 rhythm 影响俗化。
verb intransitive or transitive
 ADVANCED
■Words which rhyme have the same last sound 押韵；成韵；和…同韵
• 'Blue' and 'flew' rhyme. blue 和 flew 押韵。
• Can you think of a word that rhymes with 'orange'? 你能想出一个和 orange 押韵的词吗？
[raɪm] noun
 ADVANCED countable
■a word which has the same last sound as another word 押韵词；同韵词
• Can you think of a rhyme for 'orange'? 你能想出一个和 orange 押韵的词吗？
 ADVANCED countable
■a short poem, especially for young children 押韵诗；（尤指）儿歌
• a book of rhymes and songs 一本押韵诗和歌曲集
⇒ See also nursery rhyme
uncountable
■the use of rhymes in poetry 在诗中应用同韵词；押韵
• This poem is her first attempt at rhyme. 这首诗是她第一次尝试写的押韵诗。
in rhyme
■written as a poem so that the word at the end of a line has the same last sound as a word at the end of another line （诗歌）押韵
• A lot of modern poetry is not written in rhyme. 很多现代诗不押韵。
[raɪm] noun
be no / without rhyme or reason
■to be without any obvious reasonable explanation 毫无道理；莫名其妙
• Government money was given out to some people and not to others, apparently without rhyme or reason. 政府的钱发给一些人，而不给另外一些人，这样做显然毫无道理可言。
• There is no rhyme or reason to her behaviour. 她的行为反复无常。
n. 韵律；韵脚；韵文；押韵词
 - rhythm, meter
vt. 使押韵；用韵诗表达；把…写作诗
 - jingle
vi. 押韵；作押韵诗
 - jingle

Word: roast
Front: roast
[rəʊst] (高研四六托雅 7679/12050 -2)
Back: vt. & vi. 烤，烘，焙
vt. 嘲讽，挖苦
n. 烤肉; 户外烧烤野餐
adj. 烤好的，烤制的
时态：roasted, roasting, roasts
分布：烤(83%)，烤肉(8%)，烘烤(4%)，烘焙(3%)，烘烤的(1%)，烤过的(1%)
→来自古法语 rostir,烤，来自 Proto-Germanic*raustijana,烤，来自 reus,烤，词源同 rotisserie.
v.烤,炙,烘The boastful toaster roasts himself on the coast in the sunshine.好说大话的祝酒者在海岸上晒太阳.
US [roʊst] verb
COOK 烹调
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to cook food in an oven or over a fire 烘；烤；焙
• Just roast the chicken in the oven and baste it in oil and lemon. 直接把鸡放在烤箱里烤，烤时涂上油和柠檬汁。
• figurative We lay on the beach and roasted (= got very hot) in the Mediterranean sun. 我们躺在地中海的沙滩上晒日光浴。
intransitive or transitive
■to heat nuts or coffee beans so that they become drier and browner 烘焙（坚果或咖啡豆）
UK [rəʊst] US [roʊst] verb
CRITICIZE 批评
transitive informal
■to severely criticize or speak angrily to someone 严厉批评；非难
UK [rəʊst] US [roʊst] adjective [before noun] (also roasted)
■Roast meat or vegetables have been cooked in an oven or over a fire 烘；烤；焙
• roast beef/chicken/potatoes 烤牛肉／鸡／土豆
• roasted red pepper sauce 烘焙的辣椒酱
UK [rəʊst] US [roʊst] noun countable
■a large piece of roasted meat 大块烤肉
bake, toast, roast
这组词都有“烘，烤”的意思，其区别是：
bake: 指在烤炉里，烘烤，不与火直接接触，用持续的干热，缓慢地烘烤任何食物。
toast: 侧重通过烘烤使烘烤之物变成褐色，尤指烘面包、熏肉等。
roast: 一般指在火上烤大块的肉或整只牲畜或家禽。
vt. 烤，焙；烘，烘烤；暴露于某种热力下以得温暖
 - torrefy, bake
vi. 烤；烘
 - broil, toast
adj. 烘烤的；烤过的
 - baking, broiled
n. 烤肉；烘烤
 - bulgogi, bar-b-q

Word: procure
Front: procure
[prəˈkjʊə(r)] (雅宝 13308/9906 -1)
Vocabulary: procure
(once / 185 pages)
v
In prison movies, there's always a character who is able to procure all sorts of contraband from the inside––magazines, cigarettes, special soap. If you procure something, you get it or bring it about by special effort.
Procure's synonym obtain is a little formal, but less formal than procure itself. The noun procurement commonly refers to the obtaining of materials and supplies. Procure descends from Middle English procuren, from Old French procurer "to take care of," from Latin prōcūrāre, formed from the prefix prō- "for" plus cūrāre "to care for" (from cūra "care").
WORD FAMILY
procure: procurable, procural, procurance, procured, procurement, procurer, procures, procuring+/procurable: unprocurable/ procurement: procurements/procurer: procurers
USAGE EXAMPLES
But she makes a point of noting the simple glassware from West Virginia that she herself had procured.
Slate(Dec 01, 2016)
For reasons unknown, and under conditions of total secrecy, Voynich managed to procure some of the books before they entered the Vatican Library.
The New Yorker(Nov 30, 2016)
On Monday, Yocca was arraigned on fresh charges: aggravated assault, an attempt to procure a miscarriage and an attempted criminal abortion.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 取得，获得; 实现，完成; 导致
vi. 取得; 介绍娼妓，拉皮条
时态：procured, procuring, procures
分布：获得(64%)，拉皮条(26%)，采办(10%)
→来自拉丁语procurare,关心，照看，管理，看护，来自pro-,向前，代表，-cur,关切，照看，词源同cure,pedicure.引申词义得到，获得，特指费尽心力取得。
(费心)取得,获得(pro+cure关心→关心在前→[想要]获得)[pro-①表示"向前,在前"②表示"很多…"③表示"赞同,亲..."]
取得;引起(por前面+cure→关心面前的东西→取得)[cur=care,表示"关心"]
【记】pro向前，cure关心－关心向前发展－取得
【反】relinquish（v 放弃）
US [-'kjʊr] formal
verb
transitive
■to get something, especially after an effort （努力）取得，获得
• She's managed somehow to procure his telephone number. 她不知用了甚么方法，弄到了他的电话号码。
• [+ two objects] He'd procured us seats in the front row. 他帮我们弄到了前排的座位。
intransitive or transitive
■to get a prostitute for someone else to have sex with （为…）做淫媒，（给…）拉皮条
acquire, procure, obtain
acquire: 努力获得，更强调在原来基础上的自然增加
procure: 为获得某物而“小心、仔细，想出计策或施展手腕”的意思
obtain: 获得，得到
vt. 获得，取得；导致
 - earn, buy, score, find, result in
vi. 取得
 - bite on, to acquire

Word: tasmania
Front: tasmania
[tæz'meɪnɪə] (-/21728)
Back: n. 塔斯马尼亚（岛）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: tenuous
Front: tenuous
[ˈtenjuəs] (托宝 11093/13716 -1)
Vocabulary: tenuous
(once / 5708 pages)
adj
If something is tenuous it's thin, either literally or metaphorically. If you try to learn a complicated mathematical concept by cramming for 45 minutes, you will have a tenuous grasp of that concept, at best.
Tenuous comes from the Latin word tenuis, for thin, and is related to our word tender. Something can be physically tenuous, like a spiderweb or ice on a pond. We more often use it in a metaphorical sense, to talk about weak ideas. Tenuous arguments won't win any debate tournaments. Synonyms for tenuous, also used physically or metaphorically, are flimsy and shaky.
WORD FAMILY
tenuous: tenuity, tenuously+/tenuity: tenuities
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is important to note that the link between Trump and someone like Spencer is tenuous and seemingly unidirectional.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The future of General Manager Les Snead, who signed every one of the players on the roster, also is tenuous.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
But Islamic State’s toehold in Yemen remains more tenuous than in many of its other territories.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 薄的，细的; 精细的; 稀薄的; 贫乏的
分布：脆弱的(34%)，纤细的(27%)，稀薄的(22%)，贫乏的(12%)，空洞的(5%)
→来自拉丁语 tenuis,拉长的，薄的，细的，来自 ten,展开，词源同 extend,thin,attenuate.引 申词义纤细的，脆弱的等。
稀薄的;细的(tenu+ous)[tenu=thin,表示"细,薄"]
空洞的,稀薄的(ten薄+uous)[-uous表形容词"多…的"]
【记】tenu薄，细，ous－细薄的
【参】attenuate（v 使变细薄）；extenuate（v 减轻；掩饰）
【反】substantial（adj 坚固的；充实的）
adjective
■A tenuous connection, idea or situation is weak and possibly does not exist （关系、想法、形势等）不确定的，不明朗的
• We were only able to make a tenuous connection between the two robberies. 我们只能认定这两桩抢劫案之间可能有某些联系。
literary
■thin, weak and easily broken 纤细的，单薄的，脆弱的
adj. 纤细的；稀薄的；贫乏的
 - poor, rare, thin, subtle

Word: uniformly
Front: uniformly
['ju:nɪfɔ:mlɪ] (六 11160/11615)
Back: adv. 一致地; 相同地
分布：一律地(40%)，均匀地(40%)，无变化地(20%)
N-VAR
制服
A uniform is a special set of clothes which some people, for example soldiers or the police, wear to work in and which some children wear at school.
例：The town police wear dark blue uniforms and flat caps...镇上的警察穿着深蓝色制服，戴着鸭舌帽。
例：Philippe was in uniform, wearing a pistol holster on his belt...菲利普身着制服，腰带上别着手枪皮套。
N-COUNT
（某一群体的）特种服式
You can refer to the particular style of clothing which a group of people wear to show they belong to a group or a movement as their uniform.
例：Mark's is the uniform of the young male traveller — green Army trousers, T-shirt and shirt.马克一身年轻男性旅行者的典型行头——绿军裤、T恤外加衬衫。
ADJ-GRADED
（同一物）始终如一的，均匀的，划一的
If something is uniform, it does not vary, but is even and regular throughout.
例：Chips should be cut into uniform size and thickness...土豆条要切得大小厚薄均匀。
例：All flowing water, though it appears to be uniform, is actually divided into extensive inner surfaces, or layers, moving against one another...所有流动的水看似一成不变，但实际上内部分成许多广延的面，或者说层，彼此逆向移动。
ADJ-GRADED
（不同物）全都相同的，一律的，清一色的
If you describe a number of things as uniform, you mean that they are all the same.
例：Along each wall stretched uniform green metal filing cabinets...每面墙边都一溜摆着相同的绿色金属档案柜。
例：Shrimp are raised in long uniform ponds, frozen in the nearby packing plant and shipped north.虾放养在清一色的长池子里，再送到附近的包装车间冷冻，最后用船运往北方。
adv. 一致地
 - consistently, coincidentally

Word: captivate
Front: captivate
[ˈkæptɪveɪt] (托宝 12641/18572 -1)
Vocabulary: captivate
(once / 1332 pages)
v
To captivate means to attract others, fascinating or enchanting them. Some people are able to captivate with wit and charm, others with physical beauty, still others with intelligence.
Notice the similarity between the verbs captivate and capture. Both come ultimately from the Latin captus "taken captive." Still, while both words mean some sort of hold on someone, capture sounds harsh, as though a trap has been set, while captivate is a softer, more attractive word that suggests there might be a willingness to be caught. Robert S. McNamara, a former U.S. secretary of defense, said, "Coercion, after all, merely captures man. Freedom captivates him.”
WORD FAMILY
captivate: captivated, captivates, captivating, captivation+/ captivating: captivatingly/captivation: captivations/ captive: captivate, captives, captivity / captivity: captivities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Grigory Rasputin, a mystic peasant who captivated the Russian imperial court, met his death at the hands of aristocratic enemies 100 years ago.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Here are the stories that captivated us most.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Kennedy was captivated by Mexico City’s colourful markets full of exotic ingredients, and started learning to cook dishes from friends and their domestic workers.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 迷住，迷惑; <古>逮捕
时态：captivated, captivating, captivates
分布：迷惑(64%)，迷住(36%)
→来自词根cap, 抓，拿，握，见captive。
【参】captivation（n 吸引力，魅力）；captive（n 俘虏，被美色或爱情迷住的人）
【反】repulse（v 憎恶；拒绝）
verb transitive
■to hold the attention of someone by being extremely interesting, exciting, pleasant or attractive 使着迷；迷住；吸引
• With her beauty and charm, she captivated film audiences everywhere. 她的美貌和魅力迷倒了各地的电影观众。
vt. 迷住，迷惑
 - possess, spell

Word: caravan
Front: caravan
[ˈkærəvæn] (10211/4819 -1)
Vocabulary: caravan
(once / 803 pages)
nv
A caravan is either a covered vehicle, like a wagon or a van, or a procession of vehicles. If you watch a parade with a long line of floats traveling one after another down the street, that's a caravan of floats.
The word caravan comes from the Persian karwan meaning "group of desert travelers." A caravan can be a large group of people traveling together in one long line. It's also the term used for a camper that has a living area in it. In history, pilgrims often traveled like this, lugging all of their belongings with them in caravans, or covered horse-drawn carriages. It's also a verb: caravan with your neighbors on a group road trip.
WORD FAMILY
caravan: caravaned, caravaning, caravanned, caravanning, caravans
USAGE EXAMPLES
When antagonists appear, they arrive in a caravan of police cars.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“These trees and plants were once so important that caravans stopped to buy their products, either as oil or raw sap,” she said.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Perrantes’ parents and three younger brothers will caravan six hours from Los Angeles to Berkeley along with extended family and friends.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （可供居住的）拖车，大篷车; （穿过沙漠地带的）旅行队（如商队）; <英>活动住宅; <美>移民列车
vi. 乘拖车度假; 参加旅行队旅行
时态：caravanned, caravanning, caravans
分布：商队(95%)，大篷车；宿营车(5%)
→来自波斯语。
US ['ker-] noun countable
VEHICLE 车辆 UK (US trailer)
■a wheeled vehicle for living or travelling in, especially for holidays, which contains beds and cooking equipment and can be pulled by a car （尤指渡假时使用，由汽车拖曳的）宿营拖车，旅行拖车
■UK
■a painted wooden vehicle that is pulled by a horse and in which people live （居住用的）大篷车，有篷马车
• a gypsy caravan 吉普赛人的大篷车
UK ['kær.ə.væn] US ['ker-] noun countable
GROUP 团体
■a group of people with vehicles or animals who travel together for safety through a dangerous area, especially across a desert on camels （尤指骑骆驼穿越沙漠的）旅行队，车队
n. 大篷车；旅行队
 - circus wagon, schooner

Word: corpus
Front: corpus
[ˈkɔ:pəs] (宝 10962/7420 -1)
Vocabulary: corpus
(once / 1598 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A corpus is a collection of writings. If you tend to never throw anything away, you might have your entire school corpus, from your first scribbled words to your high school English essays.
The written works of an author, or from one specific time period, can be called a corpus if they're gathered together into a collection or talked about as a group. You could discuss the corpus of Dr. Seuss, for example. Corpus sounds a little like corpse, and that's no coincidence; corpus means "body" in Latin, and though it's come to mean specifically "body of work," the two words are closely related.
WORD FAMILY
corpus: corpora, corpuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“At the end of the day, this is a huge corpus of data that will used by historians.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Partition Resolution, which called for Jerusalem to be a “corpus separatum under a special international regime . . . administered by the United Nations.”
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Corpus Christi, Texas, calls itself the “sparkling city by the sea”.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 全集，文集; 资金，本金; [计]语料库; 器官
分布：文集(84%)，资料(16%)
→来自词根corp，身体，见corporeal. 此成为一体的，汇编成集的。
【记】corp躯体，us我们－我们的身体就是各个器官的全集corp＝copy，us我们：把我们copy一万份装订起来－《G友大全》
【参】corpse（n 人的尸体）corp身体，se死
US ['kɔ:r-] (plural corpuses or corpora)
noun countable
■the collection of a single writer's work or of writing about a particular subject, or a large amount of written and sometimes spoken material collected to show the state of a language 文集，全集；语料库
n. [计] 语料库；文集；本金
 - collected works

Word: displacement
Front: displacement
[dɪsˈpleɪsmənt] (六托 9099/8854)
Vocabulary: displacement
(once / 3229 pages)
1n 2n
Displacement occurs when one party unfairly or inappropriately replaces another. If you arrive at work to find someone else sitting at your desk, you might want to complain to your boss about your recent displacement.
Displacement can be a depressing topic, given that it often involves people being forced to leave somewhere where they belong. However, for a more cheerful take on this word, put your foot in the bathtub and watch the water level rise. Scientifically speaking, your foot is causing displacement of the water. It was this observation that led Archimedes to develop his famous principle about buoyancy (and, perhaps more famously, to run through the streets naked in celebration).
WORD FAMILY
displacement: displacements+/ displace: displaced, displacement, displaces, displacing/ implacable: implacably/ misplace: misplaced, misplacement, misplaces, misplacing/misplacement: misplacements/placable: implacable, placably/ place: displace, misplace, placable, placeable, placed, placement, places, placing/placed: unplaced/placement: placements
USAGE EXAMPLES
The average length of displacement is just over 10 years and for those displaced by conflict, the figure rises to 17 years.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Most are now in displacement camps in the neighboring Kurdish region and south of Mosul.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Proponents and opponents of a University District upzone are telling very different stories about potential displacement.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 取代，替代; 免职，停职; [船] 排水量; [化]置换
分布：位移(82%)，置换(6%)，移动(5%)，排水量(5%)，转位(2%)
noun uncountable
■when people are forced to leave the place where they normally live 被迫移居他乡
• The recent famine in these parts has caused the displacement of tens of thousands of people. 最近，这些地区闹饥荒，迫使数万人逃往他乡。
specialized
■the weight of liquid that is forced out of position by an object which is floating on or in it 排水量
n. [化学] 取代， [心理] 移位； [船] [航] [机] 排水量
 - shifting, subrogation

Word: dearly
Front: dearly
[ˈdɪəli] (10179/9912 -1)
Back: adv. 深深地; 昂贵地
分布：昂贵地(56%)，深深地(33%)，真挚地(11%)
US ['dɪr-] adverb
■very much 非常，很
• She will be dearly missed by her family and friends. 她的家人和朋友会非常想念她的。
• We would dearly love to sell our flat and move to the country. 我们非常想卖掉公寓搬到乡下去住。
UK ['dɪə.li] US ['dɪr-] adverb
■in a way that is expensive 高价地；昂贵地
• dearly priced 定价很高的
UK ['dɪə.li] US ['dɪr-] adverb
pay dearly
■to suffer a lot as a result of a particular action or event 付出很大代价
• If you refuse to cooperate with us, you will pay dearly for it. 如果你拒绝与我们合作，那么你将为此付出沉重代价。
adv. 深深地；昂贵地
 - deep, profoundly

Word: cricketer
Front: cricketer
[ˈkrɪkɪtə(r)] (40816/9176 -1)
Back: n. 板球运动员
分布：板球队员(54%)，玩板球者(46%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■a cricket player 板球运动员

Word: fizz
Front: fizz
[fɪz] (25929/21290 -1)
Vocabulary: fizz
(once / 6618 pages)
vn
To fizz is to froth or bubble over. If you shake up a soda, it will fizz out of the bottle when you open it.
When something fizzes, you hear a hissing sound as the tiny gas bubbles are released. Any carbonated beverage will fizz when it's opened or poured, the way seltzer fizzes in a glass, or beer fizzes and foams in a mug. The word fizz, which has been in use since the 1600s, is imitative — in other words, it sounds just like what it means.
WORD FAMILY
fizz: fizzed, fizzes, fizzing, fizzy+/fizzy: fizzily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then, a moment later, King finds Fuchs, who fizzes a left-footed shot a foot wide.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The neon club signs and champagne fizzing hark back to the 1950s films.
Salon(Dec 14, 2016)
The English fizz invasion continues with these delicious wines, now available in the Washington area.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 兴奋; 活力; 嘶嘶声; 〈美〉发泡性饮料（特指香槟酒等）
vi. 兴奋; 发嘶嘶声; （液体，通常指饮料）起泡
时态：fizzed, fizzing, fizzes
分布：气泡(40%)，起泡饮料(30%)，冒泡(30%)
→拟声词。
verb intransitive
PRODUCE GAS 产生气体
■If a liquid fizzes, it produces a lot of bubbles and makes a continuous 's' sound （液体）起泡并发咝咝声
• I could hear the champagne fizz as he poured it into my glass. 当他把香槟倒进我的杯子时，我能听见咝咝冒泡的声音。
[fɪz] verb intransitive
SOUND 声音
■to make a long sound like the s in 'sing' 发出嘶嘶声
• Fireworks fizzed above the crowd. 烟火在人群上空嘶嘶作响。
[fɪz] noun uncountable
GAS BUBBLES 气泡
■bubbles of gas in a liquid （液体中的）气泡
■UK informal
■a fizzy (= with bubbles) drink, especially champagne 起泡饮品（尤指香槟）
• Who'd like some fizz? 谁想来开香槟？
[fɪz] noun uncountable
SOUND 声音
■a long sound like the s in 'sing' 如“嘶”的长音
n. 兴奋，活力；嘶嘶声；充气饮料
 - energy, vitality, excitement, spring, vigor
vi. 显示兴奋；发嘶嘶声；起泡沫
 - foam

Word: espresso
Front: espresso
[eˈspresəʊ] (12725/36015)
Vocabulary: espresso
(once / 21648 pages)
n
Espresso is an Italian style of coffee that's brewed very strong and served in a small cup. When you add steamed milk to espresso, you get a latte or a cappuccino.
Espresso is different from regular American coffee in many ways. It's typically made using dark roasted coffee beans that are very finely ground and brewed in a special espresso machine that forces hot water at high pressure through the ground coffee. The resulting espresso is dark, ideally with a layer of creamy-colored "crema" on the top. In Italian, espresso means "pressed out," from the Latin exprimere, "squeeze out."
WORD FAMILY
espresso: espressos
USAGE EXAMPLES
To serve, dollop the custard into cups and serve with lightly sweetened whipped cream and topped with a sprinkling of finely ground espresso.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
So far, so stout, which means that the taste – almost burned, like cocoa nibs and espresso – is a welcome surprise.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Akouma says that in small amounts—one to two spoons—iboga stimulates the senses, much like a few shots of espresso.
Slate(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 浓咖啡，蒸馏咖啡（让蒸汽或开水通过磨碎的咖啡豆制成的浓咖啡）
分布：浓咖啡(100%)
→es-, 向外，同ex-. press, 压制，压缩。
US [-oʊ] (plural espressos)
noun countable or uncountable
■strong coffee, or a cup of this, made by forcing hot water through crushed coffee beans and served without milk （一杯）蒸馏咖啡（将磨碎的咖啡豆用热水冲蒸制成的浓咖啡，饮用时不加奶）
• Do you like espresso? 你喜欢浓缩咖啡吗？
• Would you prefer an espresso or a cappuccino? 你是喜欢来杯浓缩咖啡还是卡布奇诺咖啡？
n. （用汽加压煮出的）浓咖啡
 - expresso

Word: dysfunction
Front: dysfunction
[dɪs'fʌŋkʃn] (9452/23225)
Vocabulary: dysfunction
(once / 6176 pages)
n
If there's dysfunction, then things aren't working right. High blood pressure is a medical dysfunction, and fighting amongst teammates is a kind of social dysfunction.
If you know that function means to work, then you shouldn't be surprised that dysfunction means something isn't working. Blind people have an optical dysfunction. A family that yells all the time and never listens has a communication dysfunction. If your car breaks down, it has some kind of mechanical dysfunction. But if everything is going smoothly? You're dysfunction-free.
WORD FAMILY
dysfunction: dysfunctional, dysfunctions+/ dysfunctional: dysfunctionally
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There’s no dysfunction. Everybody is on the same page,” Pegula said.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Alexander Payne’s About Schmidt is a relentlessly dark film on the painful theme of family dysfunction.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
According to Almond, “The queasy irony here is that Stewart and Colbert are parasites of the dysfunction they mock.”
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 机能障碍，机能失调
分布：机能障碍(63%)，功能不良(37%)
→dys-, 不好的。function, 功能。
[dɪs'fʌŋk.ʃən] specialized
noun countable
■a problem or fault in a part of the body or a machine 功能失调；机能不良
• There appears to be a dysfunction in the patient's respiratory system. 患者呼吸系统似乎出现功能失调。
n. 功能紊乱；机能障碍；官能不良
 - lesion, disfunction
vi. 功能失调；出现机能障碍；垮掉
 - crumble to dust

Word: gnp

Word: going
Front: going
[ˈgəʊɪŋ] (10792/203 -5)
Back: n. 出行，离去; 出发; 行为; 工作情况
adj. 活着的，现在的; 进行中的，营业中的; 现行的; 流行中的
v. 进行(go的现在分词)
分布：去(71%)，离去(7%)，进展(5%)，运转中的(5%)，现有的(5%)，流行的(4%)，营业中的(3%)
US ['goʊ-] noun
SPEED 速度
uncountable
■how quickly you do something 进展速度
• Cambridge to Newcastle in four hours is good going - you must have been driving flat out. 用四个小时从剑桥开到纽卡素真是相当快——你肯定是一路全速狂奔。
UK ['gəʊ.ɪŋ] US ['goʊ-] noun
DIFFICULTY 困难
uncountable
■how easy or difficult something is 难度
• She's obviously very intelligent, but her lectures are heavy going (= they are difficult to understand). 显然她很有才智，但是她的课太难懂了。
• He found three 400 metre races in two days hard going (= difficult). 他发觉在两天内进行三场400米比赛确实吃不消。
UK ['gəʊ.ɪŋ] US ['goʊ-] noun
GROUND 地面
uncountable
■the condition of the ground for walking or riding etc 地面状况
• After an inch of rain at the racecourse overnight, the going is described as good to soft. 由于第一天晚上的降雨量达到了一英寸，据说赛马场的场地稍偏软。
UK ['gəʊ.ɪŋ] US ['goʊ-] noun
LEAVING 离开
only singular
■when someone leaves somewhere 离去；去；离开
• His going came as as shock. 他的离去令大家都很震惊。
UK ['gəʊ.ɪŋ] US ['goʊ-] noun
when the going gets rough / tough
■when a situation becomes difficult or unpleasant 形势越来越困难
• I run the farm on my own but a local boy helps me out when the going gets tough. 我自己一个人经营农场，但出现困难的时候，当地的一个小伙子会帮我解决。
UK ['gəʊ.ɪŋ] US ['goʊ-] noun
When the going gets tough, the tough get going. saying
■said to emphasize that when conditions become difficult, strong people take action 形势越困难，勇者志越坚；艰难之路，唯勇者行
UK ['gəʊ.ɪŋ] US ['goʊ-] noun
while the going is good
■while an opportunity lasts 趁还有机会时；趁情况还有利时；趁形势还未发生变化时
• Many people fear that the newly-elected government will be ousted in a military coup and are leaving their country while the going is good. 很多人担心新当选的政府会被军事政变推翻，所以趁形势尚稳定纷纷离开自己的国家。
UK ['gəʊ.ɪŋ] US ['goʊ-] adjective [after noun]
■available or existing 可得到的；现有的；现行的
• I wouldn't trust him if I were you - he's the biggest crook going (= he's the most dishonest person that exists). 如果我是你就不会相信他——他是当今世上最大的骗子。
• I don't suppose there's any left-over pie going, is there? 我想派饼一点也没有剩下吧，是不是？
n. 行为；离去；工作情况；地面状况
 - behavior, dealing, act, work, conduct
adj. 流行的；进行中的；现存的
 - popular, fashionable, existing, living, ruling
v. 前进；出发；运转（go的ing形式）
 - running, advancing

Word: havel

Word: insignificant
Front: insignificant
[ˌɪnsɪgˈnɪfɪkənt] (四六托 8884/8473 -1)
Vocabulary: insignificant
(once / 549 pages)
adj
When something is insignificant, it doesn't matter. The fact that your mom gets to school a half hour late becomes insignificant when she announces you're stopping for ice cream on the way home.
The word signify, which is at the heart of insignificant, means "to mean." Significant means "meaningful." Add in- "not," and you have "not meaningful." A company can fire a worker from an insignificant job and still function. In a crisis, your feelings are insignificant; it is your actions that matter.
WORD FAMILY
insignificant: insignificance, insignificantly+/co-sign: co-signed/countersign: countersignature, countersigned, countersigning, countersigns/insignificance: insignificances/ sign: co-sign, countersign, signatory, signature, signed, signedly, signer, signify, signing, signs, undersign/ signatory: signatories/ signature: signatures/signed: unsigned/signer: signers/ significance: significances/ significant: insignificant, nonsignificant, significance, significantly /signification: significations/signifier: signifiers/ signify: significant, signification, signified, signifier, signifies, signifying/signing: signings/undersign: undersigned, undersigning
USAGE EXAMPLES
Department of Defense saying in 2013 that the threat posed by the group was largely insignificant.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Even if that difference is so insignificant in the scheme of the whole world, she said, it is something.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
While Donald Trump’s wall does not exist, and may never exist, that does not mean it’s insignificant.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 不重要的; 微小的; 毫无意义的; 不足道
分布：不重要的(45%)，无关紧要的(43%)，无用的(7%)，可忽略的(5%)
→in-,不，非，significant,重要的。
adjective
■not important or thought to be valuable, especially because of being small 不重要的，无足轻重的
• Why bother arguing about such an insignificant amount of money? 为甚么为那点小钱争吵？
• The difference between the two results was insignificant. 两个结果之间的差别无足轻重。
adj. 无关紧要的
 - indifferent, small-beer

Word: loggerhead
Front: loggerhead
['lɒgəhed] (24758/21602)
Back: n. 傻子，（溶解柏油或加热液体用的）铁球棒
分布：傻子(29%)，笨蛋(27%)，红海龟(22%)，大得不成比例的头(11%)，铁头棒(11%)
n. 笨蛋；铁球棒；红海龟
 - simple, turkey, put, idiot, stupid

Word: iris
Front: iris
[ˈaɪrɪs] (9741/7368 -1)
Vocabulary: iris
(once / 1158 pages)
1n 2n
Your iris is the colored part of your eye that surrounds the black pupil in the center. If your irises are brown, you can say you have brown eyes.
The job of the iris is to determine how large or small the pupil is, depending on the amount of light available. Your iris protects your eye's retina, by controlling how much light reaches it, and helps you to see. Another kind of iris is a bright flower with long, spiky leaves. Both irises take their names from the Greek iris, "rainbow."
WORD FAMILY
iris: irides, irises
USAGE EXAMPLES
Iris's mother, Helena Tyce, said she was really pleased her daughter's note received a reply.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
It kicked off with a Thursday event at the store in honor of octogenarian muse Iris Apfel, featuring a performance by Andra Day.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
In “Iris Landscape,” the petals are so drastically foregrounded that they assume the weight of geographical features in their forested surroundings.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 虹膜; 鸢尾属植物
分布：虹膜(91%)，鸢尾属植物(9%)
→来自希腊语iris,彩虹，可能来自wei-ro,弯，转，词源同wind,wine,warp.引申词义编织，织线，五彩斑斓的线，彩虹。后该希腊词用来代指五彩斑斓的物体，如虹膜，鸢尾花等。
noun countable
FLOWER 花
■a type of plant which grows especially in wet places and which has blue, yellow or white flowers and long narrow leaves 鸢尾属植物（尤生长于潮湿环境，开蓝色、黄色或白色花，叶细长）
['aɪ.rɪs] noun countable
EYE 眼睛
■the coloured circular part of an eye surrounding the black pupil (= central part) 虹膜

Word: lad
Front: lad
[læd] (研 9364/2455 -3)
Vocabulary: lad
(once / 92 pages)
n
Lad is another word for a boy or a young man. A man who's been hit with a water balloon might turn around to a group of giggling boys and ask, "All right, which of you lads did that?"
You can use the casual lad instead of guy, fellow, or chap. This word is much more common in Britain than in the U.S., although everyone understands what it means. Someone in London might talk about going out on the town with "the lads," while in Boston people are more likely to say they're meeting "the guys." Lad, originally spelled ladde, first meant "foot soldier," or "young servant."
WORD FAMILY
lad: lads
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here’s what people say about Balkisun: He was a good lad.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
"I saw the police wrapping up a young lad in tin foil," he said.
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
Be a good lad, Ross, and fetch them will you?
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 少年，小伙子; 〈口〉伙伴，老朋友; 〈英〉管赛马房的马夫; 〈俚〉情人
分布：小伙子(76%)，少年(24%)
→来自古英语ladde,步兵，年青的男仆，可能来自lead的过去分词，即被引导者，被带领的人，后用来指年轻的小伙。
n.男孩,小伙子The lady is glad to give the salad to the sad lad on the ladder.女士乐意把色拉送给梯子上的那位悲哀的小伙子.
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a boy or young man 男孩；少年；小伙子
• A group of young lads were standing outside the shop. 一群小青年站在商店外面。
• He's a nice lad. 他是个很不错的小伙子。
• The Prime Minister's a local lad (= he was born and lived in this area). 首相是当地人。
• old-fashioned or Northern lads and lasses (= boys and girls) 小伙子们、姑娘们
• [as form of address] Come on, lads, let's get this job finished, shall we! 来吧，小伙子们，我们把这个工作做完！
[læd] noun countable
a bit of a lad UK informal
■a young man who has sex with a lot of different women 放荡不羁的小伙子，浪荡公子
[læd] noun countable
the lads UK informal
■used to refer to the group of men that a young man spends time with socially, especially those who he drinks alcohol with or plays sport with （男性）同伴，伙伴；哥们
• I'm having a night out with the lads. 我要和几个哥们在外面玩个通宵。
n. 少年，小伙子；家伙
 - apple, customer, egg, guy, bird

Word: knowingly
Front: knowingly
[ˈnəʊɪŋli] (11110/11288 -1)
Back: adv. 会意地; 故意地; 狡黠地，机警地; “knowing”的派生
分布：故意地(56%)，会意地(44%)
→来自know,知道。即知道的，引申词义故意的，蓄意的。
US ['noʊ-] adverb
■in a way that shows you know about something 会意地；知情地
• She smiled knowingly at him. 她会意地向他笑了笑。
■If you do something knowingly, you do it knowing what will be its likely effect 故意地，蓄意地
• I've never knowingly offended him. 我从未蓄意冒犯过他。
adv. 故意地；机警地，狡黠地
 - deliberately, intentionally

Word: nashville

Word: motley
Front: motley
[ˈmɒtli] (宝 16138/18743 -1)
Vocabulary: motley
(once / 1276 pages)
adjnv
If you've encountered the word motley, it's most likely in the phrase "motley crew," which means a diverse and poorly organized group. Think of a band of pirates, or the assorted characters who became The Fellowship of the Ring.
In contemporary usage, motley can be used in virtually any context as a synonym for mismatched, heterogeneous, or ragtag. But the word was first used to describe multicolored fabric, especially the type of material used in a jester's costume. This distinctive apparel was a sign of the fool's place outside the class system — and, in the Elizabethan era, it signified that the jester was beyond the sumptuary laws that determined who could wear what. Thus, the fool had the exceptional ability to speak freely, even to royalty.
WORD FAMILY
motley: motleyed, motleyest, motleys
USAGE EXAMPLES
Miami senior Adrienne Motley calls Newport News, Virginia home, but she was also born in the Netherlands.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“It’s like a witch hunt,” says Kimberley Motley, the pilot’s American lawyer.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Motley was 8 of 9 from the floor.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 混杂的; 杂色的; 五颜六色的
n. （丑角穿的）杂色衣服; 小丑
分布：混杂的(33%)，混杂(25%)，杂色的(19%)，杂色衣服(10%)，小丑(8%)，杂色(5%)
→缩写自盎格鲁法语motteley,混杂的，可能来自mote,尘埃，微粒。即像尘埃一样的，引申词义混杂的，杂色的。
【记】mot＝mote微粒，ley－各种微粒混合－混杂的源于：medley（n 集成曲；混合物）
【反】colorless（adj 无色的）；unique（adj 唯一的）；unvaried（adj 未改变的）；homogeneous（adj 同类的）
US ['mɑ:t-] adjective [before noun]
■consisting of many different types and therefore appearing strange or of low quality 混杂的；不同种类的
• There's a motley assortment/collection of old furniture in the house we're renting at the moment. 我们现在租住的房子里有一堆杂七杂八的旧家俱。
• The people who turned up to the meeting were a motley crew (= a group consisting of many different types of people). 出席会议的人甚么样的都有。
adj. 杂色的；混杂的；五颜六色的
 - shot, varied
n. 混杂；杂色衣服；小丑
 - farrago, grab bag

Word: oval
Front: oval
[ˈəʊvl] (高研四六托雅 6604/9791 -2)
Back: adj. 椭圆形的; 卵形的
n. 椭圆形; 椭圆运动场（等）; 椭圆，美式足球用球; [物]卵形线
分布：椭圆(78%)，椭圆形的(17%)，卵形的(3%)，椭圆形跑道(2%)
→来自拉丁语ovum,卵，蛋，来自oyyo,卵，蛋，词源同egg.
a.卵形的,椭圆形的n.卵形,椭圆形There are many oval stones at the bottom of the stream.在小河底上有许多卵形的石头.
US ['oʊ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■shaped like a circle that is flattened either at one place or at two opposite places, so that it is like either an egg or an ellipse 椭圆形的；卵形的
• an oval mirror 椭圆形镜子
• an oval face 鹅蛋脸
adj. 椭圆的； [数] 卵形的
 - elliptical, ovate
n. 椭圆形； [数] 卵形
 - ellipse, elliptical shape

Word: tampa

Word: parable
Front: parable
[ˈpærəbl] (宝 12932/10532 -1)
Vocabulary: parable
(once / 1092 pages)
n
A parable is a short and simple story that teaches a religious or moral lesson. The parable of the Good Samaritan and the parable of the Prodigal Son are just two examples of the many parables attributed to Jesus, as recorded in the four gospels.
Parable descends from the Greek parabolē "a comparison, analogy," from paraballein "to compare," from the prefix para- "beside" plus ballein "to throw." The sense of comparing, or throwing an idea beside another, is at the heart of the word. When you hear a parable, you're meant to use the comparison to learn how to act––the fox's "sour grapes" are compared to your own downgrading of the thing you cannot have.
WORD FAMILY
parable: parables, parabolical
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I promise you it is not a fable or an allegory or a parable of any kind,” he told the Pittsburgh Press upon its release.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
A parable of two Americas, in vulgar microcosm.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
As Mrs. Miller, Davis steals the show in a seven-minute scene opposite Meryl Streep in this film adaptation of the Broadway play “Doubt: A Parable.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 寓言; 格言
分布：比喻(58%)，寓言(42%)
→来自希腊语parabole,比较，对话，类比，来自para-,在旁，在周围，-bole,扔，投掷，词源同ballet,ballistic.即扔在旁边的，引申词义打比方，讲寓言故事。拼写受-able影响俗化。
【记】para旁边，ble＝ball－把球放在你的旁边，把你比喻成球，象猪一样－比喻
【区】parabola（n 抛物线）
US ['per-] noun countable
■a short simple story which teaches or explains an idea, especially a moral or religious idea （尤指道德或宗教）寓言故事
n. 寓言，比喻；隐晦或谜般的格言
 - comparison, allegory

Word: stodgy
Front: stodgy
[ˈstɒdʒi] (托宝 21383/32974)
Vocabulary: stodgy
(once / 12223 pages)
adj
The Queen's guards outside Buckingham Palace might seem stodgy (or stuffy and stuck-up), but they are only doing their job.
Stodgy is an adjective to describe anything dull, out-of-style, or even hard to digest. Just your luck getting stuck sitting next to stodgy Aunt Irma at Thanksgiving! From the looks of her stodgy moth-smelling clothes to her stodgy or dull conversation, chances are it will be a long meal. Just hope the mashed potatoes are light and fluffy.
WORD FAMILY
stodgy: stodgier, stodgiest, stodgily, stodginess
USAGE EXAMPLES
He, just like his midfield team-mates, became bogged down in a stodgy game in which both teams struggled to impose themselves.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Needing a win to stay alive, Karjakin abandoned his relatively stodgy openings from earlier in the match.
Slate(Dec 01, 2016)
Leach used the road-trip conceit as an opportunity to riff on the image of his somewhat stodgy would-be companion, Petersen.
Seattle Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. <英，贬>（食物）吃下去感觉撑的; 易饱的; 滞涩的; 古板的
分布：难消化的(32%)，沉闷的(30%)，笨重的(23%)，式样难看的(15%)
→stodge,易饱的食物，-y,形容词后缀。引申比喻义枯燥的，乏味的。
【记】源于：stodge（n 油腻乏味的食物）s，todgy＝today：一想到今天会死，感到生活是沉闷平庸的
【反】exciting（adj 令人兴奋激动的）
US ['stɑ:.dʒi] UK informal disapproving
adjective
FOOD 食物
■describes food which is heavy and unhealthy, sometimes in an unpleasant way 令人易饱的；高淀粉的
• I've been eating too many stodgy puddings. 我吃高淀粉的布丁吃得太多了。
UK ['stɒdʒ.i] US ['stɑ:.dʒi] UK informal disapproving
adjective
BORING 乏味的
■boring, serious and formal 古板的；枯燥乏味的
• Neither company has succeeded in shedding its stodgy image. 两家公司都未能摆脱其刻板枯燥的形象。
• Younger consumers, it is said, regard their products as stodgy and unfashionable. 据说，年轻一些的消费者认为他们的产品古板落伍。
adj. 平凡的；塞满的；庸俗的
 - ordinary, stock, crowded

Word: terra
Front: terra
['terə] (16972/26255)
Back: n. 地，土地
分布：地球(44%)，土地(31%)，土(25%)
n. 地； [天] 地球；土地
 - soil, ground

Word: windy
Front: windy
[ˈwɪndi] (中高六宝 8867/9747 -1)
Back: adj. 有风的; 腹胀的; 吹牛的; 空谈的
级别：windier, windiest
分布：多风的(51%)，有风的(49%)
有风的(wind风)[-y 1.加在名词后变成形容词2表名词,加在形容词或以r结尾的单词后3表名词"人或小东西"常带有戏谑性和爱称]
adjective
 ADVANCED
■with a lot of wind 刮风的；多风的
• It was a windy night. 那是个多风的夜晚。
• It was wet and windy for most of the week. 本周的大部分时间都在刮风下雨。
adj. 多风的，有风的；腹胀的；吹牛的
 - blowy, thrasonical

Word: bakery
Front: bakery
[ˈbeɪkəri] (高 8076/11664 -1)
Vocabulary: bakery
(once / 3995 pages)
n
A bakery is a shop that sells bread and other baked goods. Your neighborhood bakery might specialize in frosted cupcakes.
Some bakeries are storefronts selling a selection of pies, cakes, breads, and cookies, while others are simply places where these items are made, to be sold in other shops. People who work in a bakery are bakers — their work involves mixing batter, kneading dough, and cooking baked goods in hot ovens. The earlier term was bakehouse, which was replaced in the US by bakery in the 19th century.
WORD FAMILY
bakery: bakeries+/ bake: baked, baker, bakery, bakes, baking/ baker: bakers/baking: bakings
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Sunday mornings, the bakery is an anchor of the popular street market that sets up along the boulevard.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Over the summer, the younger son, Jesus, 22, got a part-time job at a Zaro’s Bakery in Manhattan’s financial district.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Other shops stay open, like the bakery in Cumaná where a line of 100 people snaked around a corner.
New York Times(Jun 19, 2016)
Back: n. 面包房，面包店; 烘烤食品（面包、糕点等的总称）
分布：面包店(97%)，面包厂(3%)
US [-kɚ.i] noun countable
■a place where bread and cakes are made and sometimes sold 面包房
n. [食品] 面包店
 - tommy-shop

Word: ah
Front: ah
[ɑ:] (3256/1012)
Back: int. 啊
分布：啊(76%)，哈(19%)，=aah.(5%)
(also aah)
exclamation
■used to express understanding, pleasure, pain, surprise or the fact that you have noticed something （表示理解、愉快、痛苦、惊奇或注意到某事物）啊
• Ah, I see. 啊，我明白了。
• Why has the train stopped? Ah, now we're off again. 火车怎么停了？啊，现在又开了。
• Ah, Jessica, how wonderful to see you! 啊，杰西卡，见到你真是太好了！
• Ah, what a lovely baby! 啊，多可爱的宝宝啊！
int. 啊；呀
 - eh, ugh

Word: allah

Word: barrister
Front: barrister
[ˈbærɪstə(r)] (宝 26259/6620 -2)
Vocabulary: barrister
(once / 1725 pages)
n
The Brits and Canadians prefer to say barrister instead of "lawyer," but they mean the same thing. A barrister is a person who goes to court on behalf of the defense or the prosecution.
The image of the barrister — a lawyer who pleads cases in the higher, or what is called "superior," courts of Britain — is of a white-wigged gentleman wearing a long black gown over a dark suit. Now, everyone who is a barrister wears white wigs. Barristers are so named because they were literally "called to the bar," which means that they are able to practice law. Barristers are not the same as solicitors, who advise clients but only appear in Britain's lower courts.
WORD FAMILY
barrister: barristers
USAGE EXAMPLES
She also thanked the police and her barrister for their support during the criminal proceedings.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
Ms McLaughlin's barristers argued that she was being unlawfully discriminated against due to her marital situation.
BBC(Dec 13, 2016)
Mallalieu told the high court that his client’s lesser grade “denied him the chance of becoming a high-flying commercial barrister”.
The Guardian(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 法律顾问，律师; 〈英〉（可在高等法院出庭的）大律师，专门律师
分布：名词(100%)
→来自bar, 杆，棍。指用杆条隔开法官与律师，代指律师。-ster, 人。
【记】bar（n 律师业）；rister＝legister＝legist [法学家]
US [-stɚ] noun countable
■a type of lawyer in Britain, Australia and some other countries who is qualified to give specialist legal advice and can argue a case in both higher and lower law courts （英国、澳大利亚等国有资格在任何法庭出庭的）大律师
n. 律师；（加拿大）出庭律师（等于arrister-at-law）；（英）（有资格出席高等法庭并辩护的）专门律师
 - advocate, lawer

Word: blatter

Word: conditioner
Front: conditioner
[kənˈdɪʃənə(r)] (8763/12965)
Vocabulary: conditioner
(once / 15057 pages)
1n 2n 3n
The job of a conditioner is to make something soft. If you use conditioner after you shampoo your hair, it will feel smoother and softer.
Hair conditioner is just one kind of conditioner — you might also treat your laundry with conditioner, softening your clothes, or your water with a conditioner that improves its quality. Another kind of conditioner is one that gets you physically into condition, or fitness. This might be an exercise or a teacher or trainer who instructs you in doing the exercise. Conditioner comes from the Old French condicion, "state or behavior," from the Latin condicionem, "situation."
WORD FAMILY
conditioner: conditioners+/ condition: conditional, conditioned, conditioner, conditioning, conditions, precondition, recondition/ conditional: conditionality, conditionally, unconditional / conditioned: conditioneder, unconditioned /conditioning: conditionings/ precondition: preconditioned, preconditioning, preconditions/recondition: reconditioned, reconditioning, reconditions/ unconditional: unconditionally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dear Heloise: I am a handyman, and each year I install and remove dozens of window air conditioners.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
They also built a makeshift vegetable cooler in a shed by using an air conditioner, insulation and plywood.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
It now refers to the product as “fabric conditioner,” hoping to draw a parallel to hair-conditioner as an integral part of many hair-washing regimens.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 调节器，调节装置
分布：护发素(68%)，调节器(26%)，调节装置(6%)
→来自condition, 情况。即帮助达到一个好的状况的物品，后指护发素。
US [-ɚ] noun countable or uncountable
■a thick often creamy liquid which you put on and wash off your hair after you have washed it, to improve the quality and appearance of your hair 护发素
■a thick liquid which you wash clothes in to soften them （衣物）柔顺剂
• fabric conditioner 织物柔顺剂
n. [自] 调节器；调节剂；调料槽
 - adjustment, setter

Word: boulder
Front: boulder
[ˈbəʊldə(r)] (托宝 6122/8912 -1)
Vocabulary: boulder
(once / 1647 pages)
n
A boulder is a rock — a big one.
Scientists often think of a boulder in more technical terms than we do. They use the word to describe not just a big rock, but a rock that some natural force — a river, a glacier or the like — has moved from its original location to its present one. A good way to remember all this is to think of Boulder, a city in Colorado that stands in the middle of the Rocky Mountains, and is, no doubt, full of boulders.
WORD FAMILY
boulder: boulders, bouldery
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the town beach, a small cove with anchored dinghies, we changed into bathing suits and scrambled over boulders for a swim.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
For years, the dams starved the area of sediment, so homeowners armored the shoreline with concrete, riprap, and rows of boulders to prevent erosion.
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
They also said that other nearby boulders should be closely examined.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 卵石，圆石; 巨砾，冰砾; 漂砾
分布：巨砾(60%)，大圆石(40%)
→词源同ball, 膨胀的，球。插入字母d.
【记】读：搏斗。用又大又圆得石头互相砍。巨人的shoulder上有boulder
US ['boʊl.dɚ] noun countable
■a very large rock 巨石
n. [建] 卵石，大圆石； [地质] 巨砾
 - ratchel, grait

Word: contamination
Front: contamination
[kənˌtæmɪ'neɪʃən] (六托 6525/8108)
Vocabulary: contamination
(once / 3357 pages)
n
Contamination is the unwanted pollution of something by another substance. When a nuclear power plant leaks radiation into the atmosphere, for example, it causes a contamination of the surrounding area.
Contamination can also be used to refer to abstract ideas and concepts rather than to just physical things. The French complain that the increasing adoption of English words is a contamination of their linguistic heritage, and many parents today think rap music is a contamination of the public culture.
WORD FAMILY
contamination: contaminations+/ contaminate: contaminated, contaminates, contaminating, contamination, decontaminate/ contaminated: uncontaminated/contaminating: uncontaminating/decontaminate: decontaminated, decontaminating, decontamination
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some facilities started testing scopes for contamination after cleaning and holding them in quarantine for 48 hours to check them again for bacterial growth.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
These findings countered government claims that there was no contamination.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
As she worked, she treated the material as if it were radioactive, twisting the spatula around with her fingers to avoid contamination.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 污染; 弄脏; 毒害; 玷污
分布：污染(94%)，污染物(6%)
VERB
污染;弄脏
If something is contaminated by dirt, chemicals, or radiation, they make it dirty or harmful.
例：Have any fish been contaminated in the Arctic Ocean?北冰洋的鱼受到过污染吗？
例：...vast tracts of empty land, much of it contaminated by years of army activity.大片撂荒的土地，其中大部分由于经年累月的战火而受到了污染
n. [环境] 污染，玷污；污染物
 - pollution, impureness

Word: destitute
Front: destitute
[ˈdestɪtju:t] (宝 16544/18505 -1)
Vocabulary: destitute
(once / 695 pages)
adj
When you think of the word destitute, which means poor or lacking other necessities of life, think of someone who is in desperate straits. A very, very tight budget is poor. Living on the streets is destitute.
Destitute essentially means not having something. When you're destitute in the sense of being poor, you're technically "destitute of money." You can be destitute of other things as well. If all your friends have abandoned you, you're "destitute of friends." If you are applying for a job as a waitress but have never worked in a restaurant in any capacity, you're "destitute of experience."
WORD FAMILY
destitute
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Trump is considered likely to abandon that pledge, thumbing Uncle Sam’s nose at the world’s destitute people.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Destitute retirees impose costs on everyone, adding pressure on taxpayer-funded public support systems and younger generations.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Pakistan’s legendary philanthropist who devoted his life to the poor and the destitute.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 极度缺乏的; 贫乏的; 穷困的; 无的
n. 赤贫者
vt. 使穷困，使贫穷; 夺去，使丧失
分布：穷困的(53%)，缺乏的(34%)，赤贫的(13%)
→de-, 不，非，使没有。-stit, 站，词源同stand, institute.即使无立足之地，引申义贫困。
缺乏的;贫穷的(de没有+stitute→没有建立→缺乏的)[atitut,stit=setup,place,表示"建立,放"]
【记】de反，stitute建立－把房子拆了－穷困的destitute的地方没有能力institute
【参】institute（v 创建）；restitute（v 复原；归还）；destitution（n 穷困；缺乏）
US [-tˌɪ.tu:t] adjective
■without money, food, a home or possessions 一无所有的，赤贫的，一贫如洗的
• The floods left thousands of people destitute. 洪水使数千人一贫如洗。
adj. 穷困的；无的；缺乏的
 - lacking, impoverished
vt. 使穷困；夺去
 - carry off, take sth off

Word: ern
Front: ern
[ɜ:n] (42424/-)
Back: n. 白尾海雕
n. 白尾海雕（等于erne）
 - sea eagle, erne

Word: frailty
Front: frailty
[ˈfreɪlti] (17111/14087)
Vocabulary: frailty
(once / 2567 pages)
n
Frailty describes a quality that's shared by a sick kitten, an elderly man, and a shoddily built go cart. They all have a delicate weakness or vulnerability and seem to require some kind of care.
The Old French fraileté, or "weakness" is the root of frailty, and it in turn comes from the Latin word for "fragile," fragilis. What's interesting is that "fragility" was used in the 14th century to mean a kind of moral, rather than physical, weakness. Today frailty can be used this way too, to describe a state of having shaky — or fragile — morals.
WORD FAMILY
frailty: frailties
USAGE EXAMPLES
This puts you at risk of developing nutritional deficiencies and frailty, and it raises the prospect of an earlier-than-expected death.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Serial anthologies that move through tangentially linked sets of characters and share a sympathetic view of human difference and frailty.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
But just as defensive frailties persisted in the visitors from last weekend, the same was true of the hosts.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 脆弱; 虚弱; （性格或行为上的）弱点; 缺点
分布：脆弱(46%)，弱点(27%)，虚弱(22%)，意志薄弱(5%)
脆弱,意志薄弱(frail+ty)[fract,frang=break,表示"打碎"]
脆弱(frail脆弱的)[-ty表名词,用在形容词后,把形容词变成名词]
【反】hardness（n 硬；艰难）
US [-tˌi] noun
uncountable
■weakness and lack of health or strength 脆弱；虚弱
• Though ill for most of her life, physical frailty never stopped her from working. 尽管她一生中大部分时间都病魔缠身，但身体上的虚弱从未使她停止工作。
countable or uncountable
■moral weakness （道德上的）弱点，缺点
• Most of the characters in the novel exhibit those common human frailties - ignorance and greed. 这部小说中的大多数人物都显露出了人类共同的弱点——无知和贪婪。
• Tolerant of human frailty in whatever form, she almost never judged people. 她对人性的各种弱点都能够包容，几乎从不评价他人。
n. 虚弱；弱点；意志薄弱
 - weakness, infirmness

Word: guggenheim

Word: gerry
Front: gerry
[ˈɡeri] (-/6698)
Back: n. 格里(Gerald的昵称)(m.)
分布：格里(男子名(100%)

Word: fivefold
Front: fivefold
[ˈfaɪvfəʊld] (25323/26128)
Back: adv. 五倍
分布：五重地(31%)，五重的(23%)，五倍地(23%)，五倍的(23%)
adj. 五倍的；五重的
 - pentaploid, quintuplicate

Word: iberia

Word: impeccable
Front: impeccable
[ɪmˈpekəbl] (托宝 12871/11260 -1)
Vocabulary: impeccable
(once / 4553 pages)
adj
The adjective impeccable describes something or someone without any flaws. A stand-up comedian needs impeccable timing for his jokes to work.
The adjective impeccable refers to something or someone without marking or error — but it can also mean to be spotless or clean. The word comes from the Latin impeccabilis and means "to be sinless," which is also one of the senses, now outdated, in English. You can see how "clean" comes from "sinless." Because of the messy nature of picnic food, it is highly unlikely that you would leave with your clothing still as impeccable as when you arrived, especially if you like mustard and ketchup!
WORD FAMILY
impeccable: impeccability, impeccably
USAGE EXAMPLES
They were fascinated by the lizard’s impeccable choppers, which they say reminded them of President Obama’s smile.
Science Magazine(Dec 29, 2016)
Both men speak impeccable English, are well-educated and do not seem vulnerable in any particular way, except they happen to be from Syria.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
And still, through the madness and confusion, the first lady handles the Trumps with impeccable class.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 无缺点的，无瑕疵的; 不会做坏事的
n. 不会作坏事的人; 毫无缺点的人
分布：无懈可击的(63%)，无瑕疵的(37%)
→im-,不，非，peccable,易犯罪的，易犯过失的。即无过失的，后引申词义无瑕疵的。
无瑕疵的(im+pecc斑点+able→无斑点的)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
【记】im无，pecc斑点，犯罪，able－无瑕疵的
【参】peccadillo（n 轻罪；小过失）
【反】faulty（adj 有过失的；不完善的；有缺点的）
adjective
■perfect, with no problems or bad parts 完美的，无可挑剔的
• impeccable taste/manners/credentials 无可挑剔的品味／举止／资历
• His English is impeccable. 他的英语无懈可击。
adj. 无瑕疵的；没有缺点的
 - stainless, flawless

Word: khalifa

Word: mythology
Front: mythology
[mɪˈθɒlədʒi] (托雅 8692/8886 -1)
Vocabulary: mythology
(once / 735 pages)
n
A mythology is a collection of myths or stories about a specific person, culture, religion, or any group with shared beliefs. Most people don’t consider mythology to be entirely true, but they still take it seriously.
A myth is a story about the olden days, often featuring supernatural characters, and a mythology is a bunch of myths that are related to each other. Greek mythology is filled with tales about relationships between gods and humans, usually with gods pulling pranks all the time. Christian mythology tells the story of God creating the Earth and everything after. Mythology can also mean the study of myths in an academic situation, like studying mythology at a university.
WORD FAMILY
mythology: mythologic, mythological, mythologies, mythologise, mythologist, mythologize +/demythologise: demythologised/demythologize: demythologization, demythologized, demythologizes, demythologizing/mythologic: mythologically/mythologisation: demythologisation/mythologise: demythologise, mythologisation, mythologising/mythologist: mythologists/ mythologize: demythologize, mythologization, mythologized, mythologizes, mythologizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The story touches upon elements from the “Harry Potter” and “X-Men” mythologies, if seen through the eyes of David Lynch.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Nazi mythologies about Hitler’s origins emphasized his poverty and homelessness as a young man, as well as his disdain for creature comforts.
Salon(Dec 23, 2016)
Trump offered a version of this claim many times, part of the mythology that he built a real estate empire by himself.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 神话学; 神话（总称）; 虚构的事实; 错误的观点
分布：神话(92%)，神话学(5%)，神话集(3%)
→来自myth,神话，-logy,学说。
神话学(myth神话+o+log+y)[log=science,表示"科学,学科"]
神话学[myth=fable(寓言)]
US [-'θɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
ANCIENT STORIES 古代故事
■myths in general 神话
• She's fascinated by the stories of classical mythology (= ancient Greek and Roman myths). 她被古典神话故事迷住了。
UK [mɪ'θɒl.ə.dʒi] US [-'θɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
POPULAR BELIEF 普遍的看法
■a popular belief that is probably not true 普遍但错误的看法
• It's just a piece of popular mythology that people always get sacked when they are away. 缺勤总会遭到解雇其实是一种普遍的错误观念。
n. 神话；神话学；神话集
 - fairy story, fairy tales

Word: levin
Front: levin
['levɪn] (-/21576)
Back: n. 闪电
分布：名词(100%)
n. 闪电
 - lightning, bolt

Word: insecticide
Front: insecticide
[ɪnˈsektɪsaɪd] (宝 14437/16981 -1)
Vocabulary: insecticide
(once / 12918 pages)
n
Insecticide is a type of chemical used to kill insects, like those that have infested a house or a farmer's crops.
Words that end in -cide usually have to do with killing, such as genocide, suicide, and patricide. Another is insecticide, which is a word for a substance that kills insects and bugs. Insecticide is a type of chemical, and it often consists of a powder or gas. If your house is full of bedbugs or cockroaches, you need insecticide. Farmers sometimes use insecticides to keep insects from destroying crops. If you're a bug, insecticide is bad news.
WORD FAMILY
insecticide: insecticides
USAGE EXAMPLES
But mosquitoes will eventually develop resistance to any conventional insecticide.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It says workers entered a field recently sprayed with a restricted insecticide.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
According to WHO, an estimated 43% of the population in sub-Saharan Africa was not protected by treated nets or by insecticides sprayed indoors in 2015.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 杀虫剂
分布：杀虫剂(100%)
→insect-,昆虫，-cid,杀，词源herbicide.
杀虫剂(insect昆虫＋cide)[cid,cis=cut,kill,表示"切开,杀"]
【记】insect（n 卑鄙的人；昆虫），I，cide杀一杀虫剂
【参】suicide（n 自杀）
noun countable or uncountable
■a chemical substance made and used for killing insects, especially those which eat plants 杀虫剂 Compare herbicide ; pesticide
n. [农药] 杀虫剂
 - pesticide, insect repellent, insect killer, insect spray, anabasin

Word: nifty
Front: nifty
[ˈnɪfti] (15561/24265)
Vocabulary: nifty
(once / 11387 pages)
adj
Something that's nifty is really great. You might tell your mom that the Hawaiian themed decorations for your dad's surprise party look nifty.
Nifty is informal and a little old fashioned, but it's a perfect way to compliment a cute outfit or express your excitement about your little sister's new roller skates. If a friend comments on your nifty tap dance routine, she thinks it's swell. Nifty has been around as a colloquial term for "stylish or smart" since the 1860s, possibly from theater slang.
WORD FAMILY
nifty: niftier, niftiest, niftily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The oddity is allowing this nifty little rebuilding project to accelerate and grow in stature.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Noah Dickerson added 12 points - including a two-handed dunk off a nifty spinning wraparound pass by Fultz - and grabbed 10 rebounds.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
His “House of the Devil” was a nifty little thriller.
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 俏皮的，极好的
n. 俏皮话，漂亮话
级别：niftier, niftiest
分布：漂亮的(59%)，极好的(16%)，俏皮话(10%)，漂亮东西(6%)，小巧的(6%)，熟练的(3%)
→词源不详，一种说法是来自magnificent的口语。
['nɪf.ti] informal
adjective
■good, pleasing or effective 绝妙的；有吸引力的；俐落的
• a nifty piece of work/footwork 杰作／干净俐落的步法
• a nifty little gadget 精巧的小器具
adj. 俏皮的；漂亮的
 - pretty, smart, tony, cute
n. 俏皮话
 - one-liner, jeu de mots

Word: occupational
Front: occupational
[ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃənl] (雅 6488/4035)
Vocabulary: occupational
(once / 7553 pages)
adj
If it has anything to do with your job, your work or your career, then you can describe it as occupational.
Take the "al" off of occupational and you're left with occupation. So this adjective describes anything related to your occupation — you know, the professional work that keeps you occupied. You might hear people talk about "occupational hazards" — which can range from paper cuts to falling trees, depending on if you make a living filing or lumber-jacking.
WORD FAMILY
occupational: occupationally+/ occupancy: occupancies/ occupant: occupants/ occupation: occupational, occupations/ occupied: occupiedly, unoccupied/ occupier: occupiers/ occupy: occupancy, occupant, occupation, occupied, occupier, occupies, occupying, preoccupy / preoccupation: preoccupations/ preoccupied: preoccupancy, preoccupiedly/ preoccupy: preoccupation, preoccupied, preoccupies, preoccupying
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is perhaps an occupational hazard in Mr. Cohen’s line of work to see the world in light of its dangers.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But in the editing room the film once more refused to cohere—an occupational hazard when you jettison plot.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
For others, stress eating is an occupational hazard.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 职业的; 军事占领的
分布：职业的(100%)
US [ˌɑ:.kjə-] adjective [before noun]
■relating to or caused by your job 职业的，工作的；由职业引起的
• Back problems are an occupational hazard (= a risk that you take in a job) for any desk-bound office worker. 在办公室伏案工作的人容易患背部疾病。
• an occupational disease 职业病
adj. 职业的；占领的
 - vocational, professional

Word: pesky
Front: pesky
[ˈpeski] (宝 16848/48758)
Vocabulary: pesky
(once / 9285 pages)
adj
Anything pesky is annoying. Pesky things get on your nerves, like pesky mosquitoes that ruin an outdoor movie or pesky ants that march away with all of your picnic food.
Pesky things are irritating, like small children who poke you on the leg for ten minutes while you try to discuss Nietzsche. A pesky fly dive-bombs by your head all afternoon. An itch you can't reach is pesky. The word pesky is an old word from New England, as in “like a pest,” but in a funny accent. Different people find different things pesky, but pesky things are never terrible, just very annoying.
WORD FAMILY
pesky: peskier, peskiest, peskily
USAGE EXAMPLES
In summary: the manager did his job, but was let down by the pesky players.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Those pesky midges were back en masse to pester players during an Astros-Indians game in Cleveland.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Some of these posters want you to believe the Death Star is the worst thing ever; others claim those pesky Jedi are the real menace.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. <非正>烦人的，让人讨厌的
级别：peskier, peskiest
分布：讨厌的(78%)，烦人的(22%)
→来自pest方言变体，-y,形容词后缀。即像害虫一样的，引申词义恼人的，讨厌的。
【记】源于pest害虫－烦人的
['pes.ki] informal
adjective [before noun]
■annoying or causing trouble 讨厌的；惹麻烦的
• Those pesky kids from next door have let down my car tyres again! 隔壁那些讨厌的孩子又放了我汽车轮胎的气！
adj. 讨厌的；麻烦的
 - evil, tight, rank, unpleasant, troublesome
adv. 极端
 - exceedingly

Word: prodigious
Front: prodigious
[prəˈdɪdʒəs] (托雅宝 14195/14631 -1)
Vocabulary: prodigious
(once / 652 pages)
adj
Something exceptional, substantial, or great is prodigious. A blizzard includes prodigious wind and snow. A prodigious writer is one who can write a lot and do it well.
Prodigious is a word for things that are impressive. If you have prodigious strength, you're very strong. If your cat had a prodigious litter of kittens, then you've got a houseful of kittens. This is a strong word that's also kind of formal. Save it for things that really blow you away because of their quality or quantity. A little drizzle isn't a prodigious rain, but a storm that floods a whole city certainly is.
WORD FAMILY
prodigious: prodigiously+/ prodigy: prodigies, prodigious
USAGE EXAMPLES
He drank prodigious amounts of alcohol to dim his heightened alertness and to muffle his sorrows.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“So it’s an opportunity to waste a prodigious amount of money.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The musician whose prodigious innovation dominates much of the proceedings is Bud Powell.
The New Yorker(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 异常的，惊人的; 巨大的，庞大的; 奇异的; 非常的
分布：惊人的(56%)，巨大的(38%)，奇异的(6%)
→来自prodigy,天才，神童。引申词义天才般的，奇迹的，巨大的，伟大的。
(数量等)巨大的(pro=pro+ig=act做→做在前面,做得多→大量的)[pro-①表示"向前,在前"②表示"很多…"③表示"赞同,亲..."]
【记】pro前，dig挖，ious多：挖出很多东西放在一起－巨大的
【反】slight（adj 轻微的）
[prə'dɪdʒ.əs] formal
adjective
■extremely great in ability, amount or strength 强大的，巨大的
• She wrote a truly prodigious number of novels. 她确实写了大量的小说。
• She was a prodigious musician. 她是一位不同凡响的音乐家。
• He had a prodigious appetite for both women and drink. 他对女人和酒有着强烈的欲望。
adj. 惊人的，异常的，奇妙的；巨大的
 - tremendous, wonderful, huge, enormous, massive

Word: roundly
Front: roundly
[ˈraʊndli] (19673/18980)
Back: adv. 严厉地; 粗暴地; 大概地; 约略地
分布：严厉地(37%)，坦率地(27%)，圆圆地(27%)，彻底地(9%)
['raʊnd.li] formal
adverb
■severely 严厉地；尖刻地；狠狠地
• The government is being roundly criticized for its education policy. 政府的教育政策受到严厉抨击。
• The home team were roundly defeated. 主队一败涂地。
adv. 全面地；严厉地；直率地；圆圆地
 - freely, in the round, severely

Word: quarantine
Front: quarantine
[ˈkwɒrənti:n] (宝 14311/19580 -1)
Vocabulary: quarantine
(once / 2944 pages)
nv
If you contract something highly infectious, such as pinkeye, please quarantine yourself so that you don’t infect others with it. This means you’ll have to stay in isolation and avoid contact with other people.
Starting in the 16th century, a quarantine lasted specifically 40 days. The word is in fact derived from the Latin quadraginta, which means "forty." Originally, this referred to the amount of time a widow could remain in her deceased husband’s house, then referred to the period of time a ship had to wait off a country’s port if its passengers were disease-stricken. Now, it can mean a period of isolation of any length, and can be used as both a verb and a noun.
WORD FAMILY
quarantine: quarantined, quarantines, quarantining
USAGE EXAMPLES
The quarantine began in a barn where two horses tested positive last week.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Some facilities started testing scopes for contamination after cleaning and holding them in quarantine for 48 hours to check them again for bacterial growth.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The way we do things now, Will says, “quarantines electoral disputes” by confining them to one or, at most, a few states.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 检疫期，隔离期; 检疫所，隔离所; 四十天的时间
vt. 对…进行检疫; 隔离
时态：quarantined, quarantining, quarantines
分布：检疫(76%)，隔离(23%)，停止交涉(1%)
→来自拉丁语quadraginta,四十，来自quadr-,四，-gin,十，词源同ten,dean.现词义来自17世纪意大利威尼斯港对来自瘟疫区的商品和货物实行的四十天隔离检验以确保瘟疫不会入境。
隔离检查(被隔离40天)[quarant=forty(四十)]
【记】quaran四十，tine＝time：原指隔离40天。
【参】quartet（n 四重奏；四重唱）
US ['kwɔ:r-] noun uncountable
■a period of time during which an animal or person that might have a disease is kept away from other people or animals so that the disease cannot spread 隔离检疫期
• The horse had to spend several months in quarantine when it reached Britain. 那匹马到达英国后要进行几个月的隔离检疫。
UK ['kwɒr.ən.ti:n] US ['kwɔ:r-] verb transitive
■to put an animal or person in quarantine 隔离（动物或人）
vt. [医] 检疫；隔离；使隔离
 - insulate, segregant
n. [医] 检疫；隔离；检疫期；封锁
 - investment, insulation, isolation

Word: unavailable
Front: unavailable
[ˌʌnəˈveɪləbl] (9876/9593 -1)
Vocabulary: unavailable
(once / 3435 pages)
adj
If you can't meet your friend for dinner on Tuesday because you have other plans, you are unavailable. If the shoes you want have been sold out, they are unavailable. Unavailable means not accessible.
If you avail yourself of something, you use it or take advantage of it. You might avail yourself of discount tickets to the theater provided by your school. If the tickets are all sold out, they are unavailable to you. In the context of dating, if someone is unavailable, he or she is already in a steady relationship or married. Someone emotionally unavailable is not open to sharing their feelings.
WORD FAMILY
unavailable: unavailability+/ avail: available, availed, availing, avails/ availability: availabilities/ available: availability, availableness, availably, unavailable /availing: unavailing/unavailing: unavailingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is no point in playing in Week 17 when important starters are unavailable and the results become skewed.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The Monroe County public defender’s office was unavailable to comment before business hours Wednesday.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But they were unavailable over the Thanksgiving holiday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 难以获得的; 不能利用的
分布：得不到的(55%)，不能利用的(30%)，没空的(15%)
adjective
[after verb]
■If someone is unavailable, they are not able to talk to people or meet people, usually because they are doing other things （通常指某人忙于他事而）不能会面的，不能交谈的，抽不开身的
• The Minister accused of misleading parliament was unavailable for comment last night. 被指责误导议会的部长昨晚无暇接受采访发表评论。
■If something is unavailable, you cannot get it or use it （某物）得不到的，不能使用的
• This information was previously unavailable to the public. 这样的资讯以前公众是无法获知的。

Word: smug
Front: smug
[smʌg] (托宝 12560/12330 -1)
Vocabulary: smug
(once / 3532 pages)
adj
A smug person is self-satisfied. You can usually recognize someone who is pleased with himself by his smug little smile and self-righteous remarks.
Smug is the opposite of modest and unsure. In cartoons, the smug character often walks around with his chest puffed out and his ego leading the way. “Too much good fortune can make you smug and unaware,” thought Rachel Field, the children’s author. What she means is that successes are appreciated much more when they don't come so often that you begin to feel entitled to them.
WORD FAMILY
smug: smugger, smuggest, smugly, smugness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Also disturbing, however, is the broader tone with which Powell delivered that warranted exposure — smug, arrogant and demeaning.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
In the new series, Cumberbatch’s detective is less of the irritatingly smug know-it-all we saw in earlier episodes.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Within Washington’s smug bubble, the only possible qualification for secretary of state is being a politician or a professor.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 自鸣得意的; 自以为是的; 整洁的; 体面的
n. 自命不凡的人，沾沾自喜的人; 书呆子
级别：smugger, smuggest
分布：沾沾自喜的(40%)，自鸣得意的(38%)，整洁的(22%)
→来自中古低地德语 smuk, 整洁的， 优雅的， 漂亮的， 来自 smucken, 装饰， 修饰， 来自 Proto-Germanic*smeugana,滑进，溜进，来自 smeug,滑动，词源同 smock,smug.词义贬义 化为沾沾自喜的，自鸣得意的。
【记】s死在mug大杯子里面－因为太自命不凡了，喝得太高了。
[smʌg] (smugger, smuggest) disapproving
adjective
■too pleased or satisfied about something you have achieved or something you know 沾沾自喜的，自鸣得意的
• a smug grin 洋洋得意的笑
• She deserved her promotion, but I wish she wasn't so damned smug about it. 她应该得到晋升，但我希望她对此不要那么沾沾自喜。
• There was a hint of smug self-satisfaction in her voice. 她的言语中流露出一丝自鸣得意。
• He's been unbearably smug since he gave up smoking. 他戒烟之后，那个得意的样子简直让人难以忍受。
adj. 自鸣得意的；自以为是的；整洁的
 - neat, self-righteous
n. 书呆子；自命不凡的家伙
 - bookworm, wonk

Word: unaccountable
Front: unaccountable
[ˌʌnəˈkaʊntəbl] (22263/20943)
Vocabulary: unaccountable
(once / 1087 pages)
1adj 2adj
People, especially those in leadership positions, are described as unaccountable when they behave as though they don't need to explain themselves, answer to anyone else, or take responsibility for their actions.
We often complain about the need for "accountability" when our leaders spend our money, oversee our wars, or make confusing new laws without explaining to us what's going on. If there's nothing in place to keep them from being corrupt, we say that they are "unaccountable." Another interesting definition of unaccountable is "unexplainable." Crop circles, Big Foot sightings, and unidentified flying objects are mysterious and unaccountable.
WORD FAMILY
unaccountable: unaccountablest, unaccountably+/ account: accountable, accountant, accounted, accounting, accounts/ accountability: accountabilities/ accountable: accountability, accountably, unaccountable / accountant: accountancy, accountants, accountantship/ accounting: accountings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or Congress should undertake the reforms: After all, Congress created this unwieldy and unaccountable system.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
In both contests, a star of reality television who initially became famous in another field portrayed himself as an embattled outsider confronting an unaccountable élite.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
In other words, the “system,” with its high-toned rationale and its high-handed maneuvers, struck millions of people as unaccountable and unjust.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 不负责任的; 无责任的; 不能理解的; 难以说明的
分布：不负责任的(53%)，无法解释的(38%)，不能理解的(9%)
US [-tˌə-] adjective
NOT RESPONSIBLE 不负责的
be unaccountable to sb/sth
■to not be expected to explain or provide a reason to a particular person or organization for your actions 无须对…作出解释；不必对…负责
• When Knight became leader, the council was run by a clique of officers largely unaccountable to the elected members. 奈特成为负责人后，地方议会被官僚小集团把持，基本上不对民选成员负责。
UK [ˌʌn.ə'kaʊn.tə.bl] US [-tˌə-] adjective
SURPRISING 令人吃惊的
■not able to be explained or understood 难以解释的；无法理解的
• For some unaccountable reason , he keeps his wallet in his underwear drawer. 不知何故，他把钱包放在内衣抽屉里。
adj. 无责任的；莫名其妙的；不可理解的
 - indescribable, inscrutable

Word: woodward

Word: unsatisfactory
Front: unsatisfactory
[ˌʌnˌsætɪsˈfæktəri] (四六托 14865/6399 -1)
Back: adj. 不能令人满意的; 不符合要求的; 不满足的
分布：不能令人满意的(100%)
US [-ˌsætˌ.ɪs'fæk.tɚ-] adjective
■not satisfactory 不令人满意的；不够好的
adj. 不令人满意的；不满足的；不符合要求的
 - ungratified

Word: attributable
Front: attributable
[əˈtrɪbjətəbl] (10740/8052 -1)
Vocabulary: attributable
(once / 4149 pages)
adj
The adjective attributable describes something that is capable of indicating or explaining a cause. Just because your parent found small fingerprints on the fridge and a chair against the counter, it does not mean the mess in the kitchen is attributable to you — it just seems like it!
Attributable comes from the Latin word attribuere, meaning assign or bestow. Attributable is related to the words attribute, which is both a noun and a verb, and attributions, which is a noun. You latest promotion is attributable to your hard work. You work ethic is one of your best attributes, and you can attribute that to the way your parents raised you.
WORD FAMILY
attributable: unattributable+/ attribute: attributable, attributed, attributes, attributing, attribution, attributive, reattribute/ attribution: attributions/attributive: attributively/reattribute: reattributes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Manufacturers were asked to submit all factors that contributed to price increases, and percentages attributable to each factor.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
The health department said over half those deaths would most likely be attributable to fentanyl, also a record.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The island nation is crippled by non-communicable diseases, and missing limbs attributable to diabetes are a common sight.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 可归因于…的; 由…引起的
分布：可归因于 ... 的(100%)
US [-tˌə-] adjective [after verb]
■caused by 归因于…的；由于…的
• Do you think that these higher-than-average temperatures are attributable to global warming? 你认为这种较正常水准偏高的气温是全球暖化引起的吗？

Word: bellicose
Front: bellicose
[ˈbelɪkəʊs] (宝 24633/34099)
Vocabulary: bellicose
(once / 9610 pages)
adj
If you walk into a high school where you know no one, find the toughest looking girl in the halls and tell her she's ugly, them's fighting words. Or bellicose ones. Bellicose means eager for war.
Bellicose is from Latin bellum "war." A near synonym is belligerent, from the same Latin noun. You may wonder if they're connected to the Latin bellus "pretty, handsome," which gives us the names Bella or Isabella, as well as belle "a beautiful woman." They're not. War and beauty are not related, except in the case of Helen of Troy.
WORD FAMILY
bellicose: bellicosely, bellicoseness, bellicosity
USAGE EXAMPLES
With an increasingly bellicose Russia on its doorstep and a capricious ally in U.S.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The bellicose pronouncements in Moscow suggest that Russia is becoming a superpower again, modernizing its nuclear arsenal and seeking supremacy over the United States.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
“All the time, it’s very bellicose,” the person said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. <正>好战的，好争吵的，好斗的; 黩武
分布：好战的(61%)，好斗的(39%)
→来自词根bell, 好战，词源同duel, 决斗。
好战的(belli战斗)[-ose表形容词"多…的"]
【记】bell原指公鹿在追求母鹿的战斗中角碰角的声音，后来引申为铃声，作词根讲是战争的意思，icose形容词后缀－好斗的
【参】bellicosity（n 好斗）；rebel（v 反叛）；rebellion（n 叛乱）
【反】pacific[peaceful, appeasing]（adj 和平的）；conciliatory（adj 调和的）；inclined to make peace（愿意讲和的）
US [-koʊs] formal
adjective
■wishing to fight or start a war 好战的，好斗的
• The general made some bellicose statements about his country's military strength. 将军发表了一些具挑衅性的言论，显示出该国强大的军事力量。
adj. 好战的；好斗的
 - fighting, aggressive

Word: befall
Front: befall
[bɪˈfɔ:l] (14649/13921 -1)
Vocabulary: befall
(once / 414 pages)
v
Befall is an old-fashioned or literary way of saying something happened by chance. Bad luck befalls a heroine who drops her lucky rabbit foot.
When something befalls you, it’s like bad luck falling on you. An earthquake can befall a city. A terrible disease could befall a child. A bolt of lightning could befall a very unlucky person. When something befalls you, you’re in trouble. Tragedies befall families in many of Shakespeare’s plays — that’s what makes them so much fun.
WORD FAMILY
befall: befallen, befalling, befalls, befell
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was the greatest catastrophe ever to befall the human species.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Mid-January is a bit late for a national title contender to develop rotational continuity, but that’s the fate that befalls Coach K’s team this season.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
And if they can’t right their wrongs from a disheartening loss to Tennessee, the same fate is liable to befall them next Sunday.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 降临到（某人）头上; 发生，降临
vi. 降临
时态：befell, befallen, befalling, befalls
分布：降临(78%)，发生(22%)
降临;发生(be+fall掉下→掉下来→发生)[be-①构成动词"使…成为"②构成一些介词]
US [-'fɑ:l] (befell, befallen) old use
verb intransitive or transitive
■If something bad or dangerous befalls you, it happens to you （坏事）降临（于），发生（在…身上）
• Should any harm befall me on my journey, you may open this letter. 万一我在这次旅程有甚么不测，你就拆开这封信。
vt. 降临；发生
 - generate, go on

Word: cache
Front: cache
[kæʃ] (宝 8893/10655 -1)
Vocabulary: cache
(once / 2621 pages)
1nv 2n
Cache sounds like what it is, a stash, and sometimes people — usually the criminal type — have a cache of stolen cash.
Often the phrase "weapons cache" is used of a bunch of hidden guns or weapons that have been hidden or stored away, which is logical, given that the French verb cacher means "to hide." Sometimes things aren’t really hidden but are stored away out of sight for use later. Computers even cache data and directories to retrieve when needed. So a cache is anything from a stash of cash to a store of information on reserve.
WORD FAMILY
cache: cached, caches, caching
USAGE EXAMPLES
A biography of the poet that draws on a newly discovered cache of letters.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
When it became obvious that Saddam’s WMD cache did not exist, many on the right simply insisted that it did.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
There was the standard cache of unread e-mails that constantly haunted me, like pieces of lint stuck to my soul.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 藏物处; 隐藏处; 藏匿的珍宝; <电脑>快速缓冲贮存区
vt. 贮藏
vi. 躲藏
时态：cached, cacheing, caches
分布：缓存(98%)，隐藏所(1%)，藏身处(1%)
→来自拉丁词coactare, 压缩，堆放。co-, 强调，-act, 做，压紧。
【记】读：cash现金－需要cachecache缓存，用来隐藏信息
noun
countable
■a hidden store of things, or the place where they are kept 隐藏物；隐藏所
• an arms cache 武器隐藏地
• a cache of explosives/weapons/drugs 一批隐藏的炸药／武器／毒品
[kæʃ] noun (also cache memory) countable or uncountable
■an area or type of computer memory in which information that is often in use can be stored temporarily and got to especially quickly （电脑的）高速缓冲记忆体；快取记忆体
• 256Kb secondary cache 256千位元组二级快取记忆体
n. [计] 电脑高速缓冲存储器；贮存物；隐藏处
 - covert
vt. 隐藏；窖藏
 - lock, pocket, conceal
vi. 躲藏
 - harbor, hide out

Word: augur
Front: augur
[ˈɔ:gə(r)] (宝 26617/22392)
Vocabulary: augur
(once / 3151 pages)
vn
To augur is to predict or indicate. A black cat passing in front of you is said to augur bad luck, but if you love cats you can choose to believe that it augurs good luck instead.
In the past, when you said you would augur the future it meant you would predict it. That form of augur is rarely used today, but the sense of prediction — connected to an object or event — remains. Dark clouds augur a rainstorm. If you skip a dress rehearsal before opening night of a show, it won’t augur well for your performance. The Latin root stems from an ancient Roman religious official who predicted the future from omens.
WORD FAMILY
augur: augured, auguring, augurs
USAGE EXAMPLES
The way Leicester City rounded off the greatest year in their history augurs well for 2017.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Half its citizens, or more, are worried about what a Trump presidency augurs.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Responding to the new quotas, representatives from the industry said they believed this augurs well for the future of British fishing outside the EU.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 预示，预兆，预言
vi. 成为预兆; 占卜
n. （古罗马的）占兆官; 占卜师，预言者
时态：augured, auguring, augurs
分布：占卜师(30%)，预言(30%)，占兆官(20%)，相命者(10%)，预测(10%)
→au同词根av, 鸟，见aviation, 航空。-gur同词根gar, 说，拟声词，见garrulous, 话多的。来自古罗马时期以鸟占卜，以确定吉凶。
【记】auger有一个u象钻孔，augur有两个u象两个坑，预示不祥－占卜师argur爱吃sugar
US ['ɑ:.gɚ] formal
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
■to be a sign of especially good or bad things in the future 预示，是…的预兆
• The company's sales figures for the first six months augur well for the rest of the year. 公司前六个月的销售额预示着下半年形势看好。
• Do you think that this recent ministerial announcement augurs (= is a sign of) a shift in government policy? 你是否认为最近内阁发布的公告预示着政府政策要发生变化？
n. 预言者；占兆官；占卜师
 - prophet, prognosticator
vt. 预言；是…的预兆
 - predict, prognosticate
vi. 预言；占卜
 - soothsay, divine

Word: expanse
Front: expanse
[ɪkˈspæns] (托 8187/10053 -1)
Vocabulary: expanse
(once / 920 pages)
n
An expanse is a huge area you can look at all at once. If you climb to the top of a mountain, suggest that your fellow climbers take time to admire the expanse of trees below.
Expanse looks like the word expand. Both come from the Latin word expandere, meaning "to spread out, unfold." But where did expandere come from? Ex- means "out" and pandere means "spread or stretch." So an expanse is something that seems to unfold before your eyes, or to put it another way, something that stretches out as far as the eye can see.
WORD FAMILY
expanse: expanses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Today, the lake is a vast expanse of salt flats.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
The major difficulty in cheetah conservation is that the animals range across large expanses of terrain, crossing the boundaries of refuges and nations.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“To cross that expanse was more than crossing the bridge,” Gamboa says.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 广阔的区域; 扩张，展开; 苍天
分布：宽阔的区域(100%)
→来自expand, 扩大。
noun countable
■a large, open area of land, sea or sky （陆地、水面或天空的）广阔区域
• She gazed at the immense expanse of the sea. 她凝视着浩瀚的大海。
• vast expanses of sand and pine 沙地和松林相间的广阔区域
n. 宽阔；广阔的区域；苍天；膨胀扩张
 - openness, broadness

Word: grope
Front: grope
[grəʊp] (研六托雅宝 10123/12071 -1)
Vocabulary: grope
(once / 666 pages)
vn
When you grope for something, you try to get a grip on it. If you drop your flashlight in a dark cave, you might grope around for it. Beware of snakes!
If you're asked a question and you grope for an answer, you're at a loss for words. You can also grope another person, although I wouldn't recommend it: grope is usually used to describe touching that is unwanted (i.e. creepy behavior). If you do grope someone, don't bother groping for an explanation when you get slapped or arrested.
WORD FAMILY
grope: groped, gropes, groping+/groping: gropingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you see someone groping a lady, stand with her at that moment.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
If anything, reading that “Ru Paul claimed he was groped by Trump” seems a little bit tame compared to reality.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
A woman on the inquiry team alleged she was groped in a lift at its offices.
BBC(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: vi. 触摸，试探着前进; 探索，摸索
vt. 摸索（路）; <俚>抚摸身体
n. 摸索，探索
时态：groped, groping, gropes
分布：探索(100%)
→词源同grab, grip. 由抓住引申词义摸索，探索。
n./v.摸索,探索He groped for the door handle in the dark.他在黑暗中摸索着找门把手.
【记】g＝grasp（n /v 抓住；掌握），rope（n 绳子）－抓住绳子摸索前进
US [groʊp] verb
intransitive or transitive
■to feel with your hands, especially in order to find or move towards something when you cannot see easily 摸索；（尤指）摸寻，探寻，摸索着前进
• She groped for her glasses on the bedside table. 她在床头柜上摸索着找眼镜。
• I had to grope my way up the dark stairs. 我不得不在黑漆漆的楼道里摸索着上楼。
transitive informal
■to touch someone's body in order to get sexual pleasure, usually when the person does not want you to do this 摸（某人）；（通常指）猥亵
• He groped me as I was going to the bar. 我走向吧台时，他暗中摸了我一下。
UK [grəʊp] US [groʊp] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  grope for sth
■to try to think of something, especially the right words, the correct answer, etc 搜肠刮肚地想，努力搜寻（尤指恰当的言辞、正确的答案）
• I'm groping for the right words here. 我正在绞尽脑汁寻找此处合适的措词。
UK [grəʊp] US [groʊp] noun countable informal
■a sexual touch, usually an unwanted and unpleasant one 猥亵；摸
vi. 摸索；探索
 - explore, feel about
vt. 摸索
 - feel about, fish for
n. 摸索；触摸
 - feel, floccillation

Word: fishy
Front: fishy
[ˈfɪʃi] (托 18190/19380)
Vocabulary: fishy
(once / 6880 pages)
1adj 2adj
Anything fishy smells, tastes, or resembles a fish in some way. Suspicious people and situations are also called fishy. Since this word has two meanings, context is key.
If you say something is fishy, it probably means you think something is suspicious. If you’re sitting next to someone eating a tuna sandwich, though, you could just mean you smell a fishy odor. Fishy usually refers to situations that seem suspect or shady. A guy looking over your shoulder while you use an ATM is fishy. A student looking at her arm for answers during a test is fishy. Anything fishy is suspicious — somebody’s up to something.
WORD FAMILY
fishy: fishier, fishiest, fishily+/ fish: fished, fisher, fishery, fishes, fishing, fishy /fisher: fishers/fishery: fisheries/fishing: fishings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even though Huynh prides herself on recreating the fresh, fragrant, fishy flavors that she savored in central Vietnam, she’s no straitjacketed purist.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
So I tell every employee, if something’s fishy, question it.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Seabirds clustered above the same patch of water, interested in the fishy breakfast being stirred up there.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. <非正>可疑的，值得怀疑的; 不是味儿; 鬼勾当; 腥味儿
级别：fishier, fishiest
分布：可疑的(100%)
→来自fish,鱼。即像鱼一样的。
adjective
DISHONEST 不诚实的 informal
■seeming dishonest or false 可疑的；虚假的；值得怀疑的
• There's something fishy going on here. 这里的情况有点不大对头。
['fɪʃ.i] adjective
LIKE FISH 似鱼的
■tasting or smelling of fish 鱼味的；鱼腥味的
['fɪʃ.i] adjective
smell fishy informal
■If a situation or an explanation smells fishy, it causes you to think that someone is being dishonest. 感觉可疑
adj. 鱼的；可疑的；似鱼的；呆滞的
 - suspicious, ichthyic

Word: figurehead
Front: figurehead
[ˈfɪgəhed] (托宝 21400/19607 -1)
Vocabulary: figurehead
(once / 9307 pages)
1n 2n
A figurehead is someone who appears to be in charge, but who really holds very little influence. In many countries today, kings and queens are merely figureheads.
A ceremonial president or king — one installed as a symbolic head of a country, while someone else holds the real power — is one type of figurehead. If a retiring businesswoman promotes her son to be the new CEO of her company, while putting a different person in charge of running the business, the son is just a figurehead. The word figurehead comes from its original meaning, the figures carved at the front of old sailing ships.
WORD FAMILY
figurehead: figureheads
USAGE EXAMPLES
He also leaves his party without a clear figurehead as he leaves the White House.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Looking ahead to activism during Trump’s administration, she hailed a “new burst of feminist energy” in the younger generations that is producing fresh national figureheads.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
Yes, it was a figurehead position, but it meant something to me.
The Guardian(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: n. 挂名的首脑，傀儡; 装饰船头的人像; 〈谑〉嘴脸
分布：装饰船头的人像(55%)，傀儡领袖(45%)
→figure, 雕像，象征。head,首领。
【记】figure（v 象征），head（n 头）－象征性的头儿－傀儡
US [-jɚ-] noun countable
PERSON 人
■someone who has the position of leader in an organization but who has no real power 有名无实的领导人；傀儡
• The President of this company is just a figurehead - the Chief Executive has day-to-day control. 这家公司的董事长只是个傀儡——日常事务都是执行总裁控制的。
UK ['fɪg.ə.hed] US [-jɚ-] noun countable
MODEL 模型
■a painted model, usually of a person, which in the past was fixed to the front of a ship （过去的）艏饰像

Word: heroism
Front: heroism
[ˈherəʊɪzəm] (托 11794/18666 -1)
Vocabulary: heroism
(once / 930 pages)
n
When you think of heroism, you might think of great acts of bravery, such as rushing into burning buildings and facing danger in battle. Heroism consists of putting others first, even at your own peril.
The noun heroism comes from the Greek hērōs, which referred to a demigod. As someone who shows great courage and valor is referred to as a hero, their actions are considered to be acts of heroism. 19th Century lawyer Robert Green Ingersoll said it well: “When the will defies fear, when duty throws the gauntlet down to fate, when honor scorns to compromise with death — that is heroism.”
WORD FAMILY
heroism: heroisms+/ antihero: antiheroes/ hero: antihero, heroes, heroic, heroical, heroism, heros/ heroic: heroically, heroicly, heroics
USAGE EXAMPLES
Roberts focuses simply on the events of the first day, and perfectly captures the tragedy and heroism of this terrible moment in our history.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
It was an act of heroism, caught on camera.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In easy times, we grow slack; this will require us each to find our capacity for heroism.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 英雄行为，英勇精神; 英雄气概，英雄品质; 英雄主义; 勇敢的事迹
分布：勇敢的事迹(100%)
→hero,英雄，-ism,主义，思想，精神。
US [-oʊ-] noun uncountable
■great bravery 英勇行为；英雄主义
• an act of heroism 英勇行为
n. 英勇，英雄气概；英雄行为；勇敢的事迹
 - prowess, valor

Word: indignant
Front: indignant
[ɪnˈdɪgnənt] (研四六托雅宝 14792/11758 -1)
Vocabulary: indignant
(once / 299 pages)
adj
When you're indignant, you're angry about an unfair situation. If you discovered that a teacher gave ten extra points on a test to all students who sat in the front row, you'd be indignant.
Indignant is from Latin indignus "unworthy," and it refers to anger based on unworthy or unfair behavior rather than merely injury to one's own interests. You may be angry, even furious, if someone shoves you, but you are indignant if the shove is directed at someone weak or helpless. The related noun is indignation, and something that arouses indignation is an indignity.
WORD FAMILY
indignant: indignanter, indignantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Andre is indignant about the way he is treated, but urges his angry family to let him seek justice through the court.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
The Russian athletes were indignant, many of the rest incensed.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
The most effective ways for people to resist aren’t through indignant tweets.
Slate(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 愤怒的，愤慨的; 愤愤不平的; 激愤
分布：愤慨的(60%)，愤愤不平的(40%)
→in-,不，非，-dign,尊贵，价值，体面，词源同dignity,decent.即价值被贬低的，名声被侮辱的，引申词义被激怒的，愤怒的。
愤慨的,愤怒的(in不+dign+ant→不高贵的→愤怒是不高贵的)[dign=worthy,noble,表示"值得,高贵"]
a.愤慨的,愤慨不平的He is indignant beyond measure.他非常气愤.
【记】in不，dign尊严；高贵－愤怒的
【参】dignity（n 尊严；高贵）；indign（adj 不值得的；不光彩的）
【区】indignity（n 轻蔑；侮辱）
adjective
■angry because of something which is wrong or not fair 愤怒的，愤慨的
• She wrote an indignant letter to the paper complaining about the council's action. 她给报纸写了一封义愤填膺的信抗议市政会的做法。
• He became very indignant when it was suggested he had made a mistake. 当有人提出他犯了错误时，他非常生气。
angry, indignant, mad
这些形容词均有“发怒的，愤怒的”之意。
angry: 侧重以愤怒的表情、激烈的言辞或威胁的目光等来表达感情。
indignant: 侧重愤怒是有充分理由和正当的。
mad: 多用于非正式文体和讲话中，与angry意义相近。
adj. 愤愤不平的；义愤的
 - aggrieved

Word: hitachi
Front: hitachi
[hiˈtɑ:tʃi] (-/13360)
Back: 日立（日本本州岛东岸港市）

Word: kaliningrad

Word: notify
Front: notify
[ˈnəʊtɪfaɪ] (研四六雅 6111/5665 -1)
Vocabulary: notify
(once / 749 pages)
v
To notify is to officially give someone a piece of information. If your poem wins the local poetry competition, the judges will notify you that you're the winner.
When you notify someone about something, it can be good or bad news. New parents notify friends and family about their baby's birth. When a library's money problems force it to close on Sundays, it might notify its patrons with an email or a letter. Notify comes from the Latin notificare, "to make known," which stems from notus, "known," and facere, "make or do."
WORD FAMILY
notify: notifiable, notification, notified, notifies, notifying+/ notice: noticeable, noticed, noticer, notices, noticing, notify / noticeable: noticeability, noticeableness, noticeably, unnoticeable/noticed: unnoticed/ notification: notifications/unnoticeable: unnoticeableness, unnoticeably/unnoticed: unnoticedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Authorities are trying to identify the victim and notify the family.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Police say the name of the man is being withheld until his relatives are notified.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“After the election, the current administration notified us there would be a hiring freeze as of Dec. 1,” he said.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 通知; 布告
时态：notified, notifying, notifies
分布：通知(93%)，报告(5%)，通告(2%)
→not-,知道，-fy,使。即使知道，通报，通知。
布告,通知(not+ify→给予注意→通告)[Not=know,表示"知道,注意"]
v.通知,告知,报告We shall notify you as soon as he arrives.他一到我们就通知你.
US ['noʊ.tˌə-] verb transitive
■to tell someone officially about something （正式）通知，告知
• The school is required to notify parents if their children fail to come to school. 如果孩子没来上学，学校必须通知其家长。
• Has everyone been notified of the decision? 这决定已经通知每一个人了吗？
• [+ that] We notified the police that the bicycle had been stolen. 我们报警说脚踏车被盗。
inform, notify, advise, acquaint
这组词都有“通知、告知”的意思，其区别是：
inform: 普通用词，指传达事实或信息，或指经过研究或调查而获得的事实或信息。
notify: 指正式通知需要注意的事情。
advise: 指正式通知某件重要事，所通知的事情与被通知的人有关。
acquaint: 指提供有关信息或情况使某人熟悉某些过程或复杂的情况。
vt. 通告，通知；公布
 - message, post, publish

Word: liquidation
Front: liquidation
[ˌlɪkwɪˈdeɪʃn] (19108/8993)
Back: n. 清偿; 结算; 清算; 清除
分布：停止营业(100%)
VERB
停业清理，清算，清盘（破产的公司等）
To liquidate a company is to close it down and sell all its assets, usually because it is in debt.
例：A unanimous vote was taken to liquidate the company.全体投票一致通过停业清理公司。
VERB
将（资产等）变换成现金；变卖
If a company liquidates its assets, its property such as buildings or machinery is sold in order to get money.
例：The company closed down operations and began liquidating its assets in January.公司停止了各项业务，于1月份开始变卖资产。
VERB
清除；（通常指）杀戮
If someone in a position of power liquidates people who are causing problems, they get rid of them, usually by killing them.
例：They have not hesitated in the past to liquidate their rivals.过去他们曾毫不犹豫地铲除对手。
n. [会计] 清算；偿还；液化；清除
 - payment, cleaning, repayment

Word: replica
Front: replica
[ˈreplɪkə] (托宝 9266/8571 -1)
Vocabulary: replica
(once / 2280 pages)
n
A replica of something is a close — sometimes exact — likeness. The "Mona Lisa" that you bought at the department store is not the original but a replica of Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece. Sorry, but you can always take it back.
If imitation is the sincerest form of flattery, a replica is pure adulation. Someone creating a replica is creating an imitation of the original. The word first appeared in 17th-century Italy, taking its meaning from the word replicare, "to reply or repeat," as used in music. In time, it came to mean a copy, often of a work of art. In a stricter sense, the word refers to a copy created or supervised by the artist of the original work.
WORD FAMILY
replica: replicas, replicate +/ replicate: replicated, replicates, replicating, replication / replication: replications
USAGE EXAMPLES
A collection of nine black powder rifles, replicas of the sort used in the Revolutionary and Civil wars.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Now the authority is spending about that much to remove the old sign and replace it with a more efficient one that’s an exact replica.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The tiny lakeside town of Port Clinton, Ohio, will celebrate the new year by dropping a 20-foot-long, 600-pound replica of a walleye fish.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 复制品
分布：复制品(100%)
→来自拉丁语 replica,复制，重复，来自 replicare,复制，词源同 replicate.
复制品(re+plic+a表名词)[plic,pli,ply=fold,表示"重叠,折叠"]
noun countable
■an exact copy of an object 复制品；仿制品；摹本
• The ship is an exact replica of the original Golden Hind. 这艘船是按照“金色石斑鱼”号原样仿造的。
n. [古] [电影] 复制品，复制物
 - reproduction, ectype

Word: professionalism
Front: professionalism
[prəˈfeʃənəlɪzəm] (托 10943/8752)
Vocabulary: professionalism
(once / 10785 pages)
n
When you talk about the methods, characteristics, and attitudes of a person holding a job that requires higher education or advanced training, you're talking about their professionalism.
The noun professionalism is usually used to describe the type of behavior you would expect from a professional person. For example, showing up to work on time, and focusing on the task at hand. And not fighting with your coworkers (unless you're a professional wrestler).
WORD FAMILY
professionalism: professionalisms+/ profess: professed, professes, professing, profession /professed: professedly/ profession: professional, professions/ professional: nonprofessional, professionalise, professionalism, professionalize, professionally, professionals, semiprofessional, unprofessional/professionalise: professionalisation, professionalised/professionalize: professionalization, professionalized, professionalizes, professionalizing/semiprofessional: semiprofessionals/unprofessional: unprofessionally
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We are contributing to the professionalism of law enforcement by maintaining a standard.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“We appreciate his quick response and professionalism in a difficult situation.”
Time(Dec 31, 2016)
Her clothing style was refined professionalism — affordable polyester and discreet darts.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 职业水准或特性; 职业化
分布：职业化(91%)，职业水准或特性(9%)
noun uncountable
■the combination of all the qualities that are connected with trained and skilled people 专业水准；专业精神
• He praised her professionalism and dynamism. 他赞扬了她的专业精神和干劲。

Word: slab
Front: slab
[slæb] (托雅宝 7461/6115 -1)
Vocabulary: slab
(once / 936 pages)
n
A slab is a great big thick piece of something. Your backyard patio, for example, might be made of a huge slab of concrete.
A sidewalk is often composed of one cement slab after another — these are sometimes called paving slabs. You could refer to large pieces of stone or wood as slabs too. Even your lunch might be a slab, if it's a thick hunk of cheesy pizza or a huge slab of bread slathered with peanut butter. The origins of the word slab are unknown, though we do know it's been around since the thirteenth century.
WORD FAMILY
slab: slabbed, slabbing, slabs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Goodness, part of the pregame Rose Bowl revelry includes an event where the players are rewarded for eating giant slabs of meat.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
White and yellow bass are good on slabs.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
That slab must now be broken apart and repoured, said the building’s owner, George Petrie, president of Goodman Real Estate in Seattle.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 厚板，平板，厚片; 混凝土路面
v. 把…分成厚片; 用石板铺
分布：平板(72%)，厚板(13%)，厚片(7%)，切成厚板(4%)，以平板盖上(4%)
→来自辅音丛 sl-,砍，劈，分开，比较 slab,slip,slat,slit,slot.引申词义石板，木板。
【记】s死在lab实验室里的东西会被做成切片观察－厚片
【区】stab（v /n 刺）；slag（n 金属矿渣）lag＝leg死s后到火葬场熔化成金属矿渣。
【反】sliver（n 长条）
noun countable
■a thick, flat piece of a solid substance, such as stone, wood, metal, food, etc., which is usually square or rectangular （石、木、金属、食物等的）板，片
• a concrete/marble slab 水泥／大理石板
• He ate a whole slab of chocolate. 他吃了一整块巧克力。
n. 厚板， [木] 平板；混凝土路面；厚片
 - thick plate, heavy plate

Word: surcharge
Front: surcharge
[ˈsɜ:tʃɑ:dʒ] (托雅宝 16013/21242 -1)
Back: vt. 追加罚款; 使…装载过多; 使…负担过重; 索高价
n. 附加费，额外费用; 超载; [法]过高收费行为; 加盖过的邮票（或印花税票）
时态：surcharged, surcharging, surcharges
分布：额外费(40%)，盖改值印记(12%)，使超载(12%)，索高价(12%)，改值印记(12%)，装载过多(12%)
→sur-,超过，charge,索价，要价。
附加费(sur+charge收费→额外的收费→附加费)[sur-表示"超过,在上面"]
【记】sur超过，charge（v 收费）－额外的收费－附加费
【参】surmount（v 战胜；超越）；mount（v 爬上；使上马）；surpass（v 超越；胜过）
【反】discount（v 打折扣；n 打折）
US [ˈsɜ˞ː.tʃɑːrdʒ/
■a charge in addition to the usual amount paid for something, or the amount already paid 额外费用，附加费
• A surcharge may be made for deliveries outside normal hours. 正常工作时间以外送货，可能会额外收费。
verb intransitive or transitive UK [ˈsɜː.tʃɑːdʒ] US [ˈsɜ˞ː.tʃɑːrdʒ]
    UK [ˌ-ˈ-/
■to charge an extra amount （对…）额外收费，收取附加费
n. 超载；额外费
 - superimposed load, overcarriage

Word: shotgun
Front: shotgun
[ˈʃɒtgʌn] (5379/9088 -1)
Back: n. 鸟枪，散弹猎枪
adj. 用猎枪的; 强迫的，用武力的; 漫无目的的
分布：猎枪(86%)，强迫的(6%)，漫无目的的(4%)，用猎枪的(4%)
→shot,霰弹，gun,枪。
US ['ʃɑ:t-] noun countable
■a long gun which fires a large number of small metal bullets at one time, which is meant to be used for shooting birds and animals 猎枪，滑膛枪，霰弹枪
• The robbers used a UKsawn-off / USsawed-off shotgun in the raid. 抢劫犯在袭击中使用了枪管锯短的滑膛枪。
adj. 猎枪的；被迫的
 - forced
vt. 用猎枪射击；强迫
 - force, enforce

Word: alpine
Front: alpine
[ˈælpaɪn] (8239/9045 -1)
Vocabulary: alpine
(once / 6228 pages)
1adj 2adj
Use the word alpine to describe something that reminds you of high mountains. You could describe the distant clouds in the sky over the plains as "vaguely alpine."
A plant or animal that lives in the mountains is alpine, and your summer trip hiking in the Rocky Mountains is also alpine. The kind of skiing that requires a mountain to race down is alpine skiing, and moss that grows at very high altitudes is alpine moss. In fact, if something has to do with tall mountains, it's alpine. The word means "of the Alps," and if Alpine is capitalized, it is referring specifically to the Alps.
WORD FAMILY
alpine: subalpine
USAGE EXAMPLES
From fly fishing to alpine and nordic skiing to snowmobiling, it’s a tourist-based economy.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
When ski lifts weren’t operating, Miller hiked up snowfields and glaciers in alpine ski boots and with skis strapped to his backpack.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
“She said: ‘That’s the alpine fault, the meeting of the Australian and Pacific plates’,” says Gray Eatwell.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 阿尔卑斯山的; 阿尔卑斯山区居民的; 高山的
n. 高山植物
分布：高山植物(36%)，阿尔卑斯山的(31%)，高山的(29%)，阿尔卑斯山区居民的(4%)
→来自词根alb, 白色。指有雪的高山。
adjective
■relating to the Alps (= the highest mountains in Europe) or other mountain areas 阿尔卑斯山的；高山的
• Our window looked out on a beautiful alpine scene. 我们的窗外是一片高山美景。
• Alpine ski resorts 阿尔卑斯山滑雪胜地
['æl.paɪn] noun countable (also alpine plant)
■a plant that grows naturally in high mountain areas where trees are unable to grow 高山植物
adj. 阿尔卑斯山的， [地理] 高山的
 - subalpine

Word: wagon
Front: wagon
[ˈwægən] (研四托 4194/6118 -2)
Vocabulary: wagon
(once / 325 pages)
n
Anything can be a wagon, so long as it has wheels and can be pulled. Wagons are used for transporting goods, like grains from a farm, or your little sister who wants another ride around the block.
The origin of wagon is the German weg, meaning “move, carry.” You’ll see horse-drawn wagons carrying vegetables, or a wagon pulled by a tractor moving bales of hay into a barn. A paddywagon is slang for a police van that brings suspected criminals to the station. If you “fall off the wagon” that means you started drinking alcohol again after being sober for a while. And when you “hitch your wagon to a star,” you pursue a major goal.
WORD FAMILY
wagon: waggoner, wagoner, wagons+/waggoner: waggoners/wagoner: wagoners
USAGE EXAMPLES
All the wagons are constructed with an aluminum frame and sturdy, weather-resistant wood such as fir, Cyprus and cedar.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It followed the Dec. 4 Metro article “In Pence’s new neighborhood, not exactly the welcome wagon.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Once one of these books becomes a mega-hit, publishers look for ways to hitch their wagons to the lead horse.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 四轮的运货马车; <英>铁路货车; <美>小手推车; 囚车
vt. 用运货马车运输货物
na. “waggon”的变体
分布：货车(72%)，四轮马车(23%)，用四轮马车运(5%)
→来自wegh,移动，运输，词源同way,vehicle。引申词义运货马车，货车，货车车厢等。
n.运货马车,运货车;敞蓬车厢The wagon was full of vegetables.这辆运货马车装满了蔬菜.
(UK also waggon) ['wæg.ən] noun countable
■a vehicle with four wheels, usually pulled by horses or oxen , used for transporting heavy goods, especially in the past 四轮货运马车
• The first white settlers journeyed across America in covered wagons. 最早的白人定居者是驾着大篷车穿越美洲大陆的。
⇒ See also bandwagon;station wagon;Welcome Wagon UK (US freight car)
■a large wheeled container for transporting goods, that is pulled by a train （火车的）货运车厢，车皮
• a goods wagon 火车货运车厢
(UK also waggon) ['wæg.ən] noun countable
fall off the wagon informal
■to start drinking alcohol, after a period when you have drunk none 开酒戒；（一段时间不喝后）又重新喝起酒来
• When her husband died, she fell off the wagon. 她丈夫死后，她又重新喝起酒来。
(UK also waggon) ['wæg.ən] noun countable
on the wagon informal
■If you are on the wagon, you have decided not to drink any alcohol for a period of time 戒酒
• He was on the wagon for ten years, when he was living in Connecticut. 住在康乃狄克期间，他戒了十年的酒。
n. 货车， [车辆] 四轮马车
 - carriage, lorry

Word: zoning
Front: zoning
[ˈzəʊnɪŋ] (8548/24972)
Back: n. （城市规划中分成工厂区、住宅区等的）分区制; 成区; 分带
【记】zon＝zone（n 地域），ing：分区制
US ['zoʊ-] specialized
noun uncountable
■the act of deciding, or the decision that has been taken about, what particular use an area should have 分区；分区规划
• zoning laws 城市区划法

Word: yarn
Front: yarn
[jɑ:n] (托雅宝 11457/5204 -1)
Vocabulary: yarn
(once / 887 pages)
1n 2nv
If you want to knit a hat, you're going to need yarn, the thick string made of twisted threads that's used to make sweaters, scarves, socks and other knitted things.
Yarn is made from fibers, and it comes in many colors. When you knit, you weave yarn with needles and end up with a pot holder or a pair of mittens. Another kind of yarn is a long story that's told out loud. You might, in fact, tell your friend a yarn while you crochet an afghan with yarn. The Old English root word, gearn, means "spun fibers," but it comes from the Proto-Indo-European ghere, or "intestine."
WORD FAMILY
yarn: yarned, yarning, yarns
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shelves and floor space are shrouded in heaps of soft yarn and fuzzy pompoms.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Richard Pryor cemented his reputation as the greatest stand-up of his generation by spinning his story of setting himself on fire into a hilarious yarn.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
She walked to her closet and found a bundle of black yarn.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 纱，线; （尤指）毛线; 故事; （旅行）轶事
vi. 讲故事
时态：yarned, yarning, yarns
分布：纱(64%)，线(35%)，讲故事(1%)
→来自ghere,肠，肠线，词源同chord,cord,hernia.引申词义纱线。比较catgut.
【区】yawn（v 打呵欠）
US [jɑ:rn] noun
THREAD 线
countable or uncountable
■thread used for making cloth or for knitting 纱；纱线
UK [jɑ:n] US [jɑ:rn] noun
STORY 故事
countable
■a story, usually a long one with a lot of excitement or interest 故事；奇闻漫谈
• He knew how to spin a good yarn (= tell a good story). 他知道如何编造有趣的故事。
n. [纺] 纱线；奇谈，故事
 - relation, story, tale, narrative
vi. 讲故事
 - tell a story

Word: ashamed
Front: ashamed
[əˈʃeɪmd] (高研四雅 5651/5292 -K2)
Vocabulary: ashamed
(once / 186 pages)
adj
When you have done something you know you shouldn't have, or just something embarrassing, you feel ashamed, or remorseful. Don't be ashamed of your unusual dance moves — you were the life of the party!
The word ashamed has, in some form, been around since before the 11th Century. You might feel less ashamed of your mistakes if you're able to learn from them. As Jonathan Swift put it, "A man should never be ashamed to own that he has been in the wrong, which is but saying... that he is wiser today than yesterday."
WORD FAMILY
ashamed: ashamedly, unashamed+/unashamed: unashamedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
She’s not ashamed of her father’s work, and it helped supplement his firefighter’s income.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“These public funds, which pay their bills on the backs of taxpayers and public servants, should be ashamed of their craven greed,” Chiang said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Michael Rapaport: The actor thinks anyone who performs at the inauguration “should be ashamed of themselves.”
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 惭愧的，羞耻的，害臊的; 难为情
分布：感到惭愧的(60%)，感到害臊的(40%)
a.惭愧的,羞耻的,害臊的I am ashamed of you.我为你感到羞耻.
adjective [after verb]
 IMPROVER
■feeling guilty or embarrassed about something you have done or a quality in your character 羞耻的，羞愧的；不好意思的，难为情的
• You've got nothing to be ashamed of. 你没有需要对甚么感到内疚的。
• She ought to be thoroughly ashamed of herself - talking to her mother like that! 她应该感到无地自容才对——她怎么能那样跟她母亲说话！
• [+ to infinitive] He was ashamed to admit to his mistake. 他不好意思承认错误。
• [+ that] I was ashamed that I'd made so little effort. 我付出的努力太少，真是羞愧。
• I'm ashamed to be seen with you when you behave so badly! 你表现得那么恶劣，让别人看到我跟你在一起我都觉得丢面！
• I felt so ashamed of myself for making such a fuss. 我那么小题大做，真是不好意思。
• How could you treat her like that? I'm so ashamed of you (= embarrassed to be connected with you) ! 你怎么能那样对她？我真为你所做的事感到羞耻！
shameful, ashamed
这组词都有“羞愧的”的意思，其区别是：
shameful: 指人或人的行为本身不光彩、不道德。
ashamed: 用于人，指因干了错事、坏事或傻事等而感到羞愧。
adj. 惭愧的，感到难为情的；耻于……的
 - compunctious

Word: bak

Word: auctioneer
Front: auctioneer
[ˌɔ:kʃəˈnɪə(r)] (17709/12366 -1)
Vocabulary: auctioneer
(once / 2661 pages)
nv
An auctioneer is a person who manages an auction, or a public sale at which people can bid on items. It's exciting to win the bidding at an auction and hear the auctioneer shout, "Sold!"
It's the job of an auctioneer to organize the goods for sale at an auction, as well as to oversee the bidding, often encouraging bidders to compete with each other to drive the price up. Some auctioneers call out items and prices in a distinctive, rapid, sing-song voice. Auctioneer comes from auction, which has a Latin root: auctionem, "increasing sale or public sale," from augere, "to increase."
WORD FAMILY
auctioneer: auctioneered, auctioneering, auctioneers+/ auction: auctioned, auctioneer, auctioning, auctions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 1788 portrait was by British painter Thomas Gainsborough, who was a close friend of the auctioneer.
BBC(Dec 05, 2016)
The revolver sold for more than seven times the estimate, according to auctioneers Christie's.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
As guest auctioneer, Page was drumming up support for Kent Community Services, which in part benefits the Ben Curtis Family Foundation to assist needy children.
Golf Digest(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 拍卖人，拍卖商
vt. 拍卖
时态：auctioneered, auctioneering, auctioneers
分布：拍卖人(52%)，拍卖商(48%)
US [ˌɑ:k.ʃə'nɪr] noun countable
■a person in charge of an auction who calls out the prices that people offer 拍卖人；拍卖商
vt. [贸易] 拍卖
 - auction sale, be on sale

Word: departmental
Front: departmental
[ˌdi:pɑ:tˈmentl] (雅 15601/6166)
Back: adj. 部门的，各部的; 各县的; 分科的
分布：部门的(87%)，各部的(13%)
US [-pɑ:rt'men.tˌəl] adjective
■relating to a department 部门的；系的；处的
• Janet is now a departmental head/manager. 珍妮特现在是部门主管／经理。
• a departmental meeting 部门会议
adj. 部门的；各县的；分科的
 - sectoral

Word: bilingual
Front: bilingual
[ˌbaɪˈlɪŋgwəl] (雅宝 9541/12544 -1)
Vocabulary: bilingual
(once / 10000 pages)
adjn
Bilingual is an adjective that describes a person or community that speaks two languages. A bilingual woman might speak Spanish and English, and a part of town where people speak Mandarin and Polish is a bilingual neighborhood.
The prefix bi- means “having two,” and the Latin word lingua means “tongue, language,” so bilingual literally means “having two tongues.” It would be a mouthful to have two physical tongues, but luckily bilingual is for language tongues: the ability to speak two languages fluently. Bilingual is also a noun, and a person can be called a bilingual, like in the African country Chad, where the official languages are French and Arabic, and where many of the citizens are bilinguals.
WORD FAMILY
bilingual: bilingualism, bilingually, bilinguals+/bilingualism: bilingualist/bilingualist: bilingualists/lingua: linguae, lingual, linguas/ lingual: bilingual, lingually, linguals, sublingual
USAGE EXAMPLES
U.S.-born Latinos typically are bilingual or speak mostly English and are inclined to watch TV in English — if they watch at all.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Educators say growing interest in bilingual programs will boost already high demand for teachers trained and credentialed to teach the classes.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
A growing number of Washington students are immigrants who do not speak English at home, with Latino students the fastest-growing group of bilingual students.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 双语的，两种语言的，能说两种语言的
n. 能说两种语言的人
分布：双语的(100%)
→前缀bi-, 二。词根ling, 语言，同language.
双语种的(bi+lingu语言+al→双语的)[bi-表示"两个,两"]
两种语言的(bi+lingu+al)[lingu=language,表示"语言",原意为"舌头"]
【记】bi两个，lingu语言－两种语言的
【参】linguistics（n 语言学）
adjective
■(of a person) able to use two languages for communication, or (of a thing) using or involving two languages （人）熟悉两种语言的，能说两种语言的；用两种语言的
• She works as a bilingual secretary for an insurance company. 她在一家保险公司担任双语秘书。
• a bilingual dictionary 双语词典
Compare monolingual ; multilingual ; trilingual

Word: hart
Front: hart
[hɑː(r)t] (-/7871)
Back: n. 雄鹿（尤指雄赤鹿）
分布：名词(100%)
→来自ker,角，词源同horn.用于指鹿角已经成熟的雄鹿。

Word: handler
Front: handler
[ˈhændlə(r)] (8873/15064 -1)
Back: n. 处理者，管理者; （动物）驯化者; [自]（信息）处理机; 拳击教练
分布：处理器(73%)，处理者(18%)，拳击教练(7%)，畜禽的训练者(2%)
→来自handle,控制，操纵。
US [-lɚ] noun countable
TRAINER 训练员
■a person who trains and is in charge of animals, especially dogs 驯兽师；（尤指）驯狗师
• police dog handlers 警犬训练员
UK ['hænd.lər] US [-lɚ] noun countable
ADVISER 顾问 US someone who advises someone important （大人物的）顾问
• The president's handlers are telling him to pull out of the talks. 总统的顾问建议他退出会谈。
UK ['hænd.lər] US [-lɚ] noun countable
CARRY 搬运
■someone who carries or moves things as part of their job 搬运工
• airport baggage handlers 机场行李搬运工
n. [计] 处理者；管理者；拳击教练；（犬马等的）训练者
 - managers, governor

Word: doughnut
Front: doughnut
['dəʊnʌt] (9451/19687 -1)
Back: n. 炸面圈，圈饼; 汽车轮胎; 环状物; 电子回旋加速室
分布：油炸圈饼(90%)，环状物(10%)
→dough,面团。nut,坚果。
US ['doʊ-] noun countable
■a small circular cake, fried in hot fat, either with a hole in the middle or filled with jam 炸面包圈；炸果酱面包；甜甜圈
• a UK jam / US jelly doughnut 炸果酱面包

Word: homer
Front: homer
[ˈhəʊmə(r)] (20758/16464)
Vocabulary: homer
(once / 1571 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
In baseball, a homer is what a batter gets after hitting the ball and running all the way around the bases to home plate without being tagged out. If you hit one out of the park, you've hit a homer.
Homer is short for home run. If there are players on all the bases when a batter gets a homer, it's called a grand slam and it gives the team four points. You can use this word as a verb too, meaning "hit a home run." There are also nearly twenty towns in the US called Homer, but these are named for the ancient Greek epic poet, Homer.
WORD FAMILY
homer: homered, homering, homers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bartolo Colon, playing first base for Braves, knocks 20th homer of season.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He played in 57 games for the Chicago White Sox this year, hitting .213 with seven homers and 11 RBIs.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
He finished with 16 steals, 24 doubles, three homers and 29 RBIs.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 本垒打，传信鸽
分布：名词(100%)
US ['hoʊ.mɚ] noun countable US informal
■a home run

Word: hesitation
Front: hesitation
[ˌhezɪ'teɪʃn] (8082/6885 -1)
Vocabulary: hesitation
(once / 352 pages)
n
A hesitation is a pause. If your friend asks you, "Do you like my new haircut?" you'd better make sure there's not a second's hesitation before you answer, "Yes, of course!"
Hesitation happens when you feel uncertainty or doubt. It can be a pause in speech, a faltering moment before you act, or a silent second of indecision. If your friend's dog is growling and staring you down, but she tells you he won't bite, that feeling that something not feeling right that stops you from petting him is hesitation. The Latin root of hesitation is haesitationem, which means irresolution or uncertainty.
WORD FAMILY
hesitation: hesitations+/ hesitate: hesitated, hesitater, hesitates, hesitating, hesitation, hesitator/hesitater: hesitaters/hesitating: hesitatingly, unhesitating/hesitator: hesitators/unhesitating: unhesitatingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many factors explained its hesitation to raise rates, including unease over the global impact of China’s economic slowdown and uncertainty surrounding the U.S. election.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
On the other hand, there was no hesitation about last week’s most famous guest: hip-hop artist Kanye West.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Asked whether he regrets not getting the chance to step foot on the field in Pasadena, he answers without hesitation.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 犹豫; 踌躇; 含糊; 口吃
分布：犹豫(92%)，踌躇(8%)
踌躇,犹豫(hesitate+ion)[her,hes=stick,表示"粘附"]
noun countable or uncountable
■when you pause before doing something, especially because you are nervous or not certain （由指因紧张或不确定而产生的）犹豫，踌躇
• After a slight hesitation, she began to speak. 稍微犹豫了一下后，她开始讲话。
• Any hesitation on the part of the government will be seen as weakness. 政府的任何一丝犹豫都会被视作是软弱的表现。
• formal I have no hesitation in recommending Ms Shapur for the job. 我非常乐意推荐沙普尔女士担任这项工作。
n. 犹豫
 - vibration, swither

Word: insatiable
Front: insatiable
[ɪnˈseɪʃəbl] (宝 15425/14843 -1)
Vocabulary: insatiable
(once / 2260 pages)
adj
If someone can't be satisfied, she is insatiable. After being lost in the woods eating only berries for a few days, you'll find your hunger is insatiable once you finally get to the table.
Insatiable comes from the combination of the negative prefix, in- and the Latin verb satiare, for fill. Someone who is insatiable can never be full. It can be used for spiritual as well as physical desires. Swift's traveling Gulliver talks about his "insatiable desire of seeing foreign countries." Perhaps you have an insatiable desire to learn all the words in the English language. Synonyms are unappeasable and gluttonous.
WORD FAMILY
insatiable: insatiably+/insatiate: insatiately/ satiable: insatiable, unsatiable/ satiate: insatiate, satiable, satiated, satiates, satiating, satiation/ satiated: unsatiated/satiation: satiations/unsatiable: unsatiably
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There is an insatiable demand for language in the school system at the earliest possible age,” O’Neill said.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Demand once seemed insatiable for flights through Emirates’ hub in Dubai, which is known in the industry as a “super-connector” airport.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
But he also provides the pulse for these Warriors and, like Motley before him, leads by example with an insatiable work ethic, according to Fuller.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 无法满足的，贪得无厌的; 贪得无厌的; 不知足
分布：不知足的(89%)，贪求无厌的(11%)
→in-,不，非，satiable,可满足的。
【记】satiable（adj 可满足的）；satisfy（vt 满足）
adjective
■(especially of a desire or need) too great to be satisfied （尤指欲望或需求）无法满足的，贪得无厌的
• Like so many politicians, he had an insatiable appetite/desire/hunger for power. 和许多政客一样，他对权力贪得无厌。
• Nothing, it seemed, would satisfy his insatiable curiosity. 似乎甚么都无法满足他那无尽的好奇心。
adj. 贪得无厌的；不知足的
 - sateless, avaricious

Word: luxurious
Front: luxurious
[lʌgˈʒʊəriəs] (六托宝 9064/8565 -1)
Vocabulary: luxurious
(once / 631 pages)
adj
The adjective luxurious describes something that is of very high quality or expensive taste, like your luxurious living room filled with the softest rugs and gorgeous furniture hand-crafted in Italy.
In the 14th century, luxurious didn't mean what it does today; it meant "lascivious, lecherous, unchaste." What happened? The invention of bling for one thing, and the rise of a culture that celebrates material pleasures. Today, luxurious translates as exclusive, comfortable, expensive and superior in quality, like a luxurious home featured in a magazine about rich people and their favorite things.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
luxuriant / luxurious
No doubt advertising affects language. Where would we be without the free gift, new and improved, or supersize? (Perhaps writing more grammatically and eating more healthily...) In yet another attempt to reduce English to features and selling points, advertisers often use luxuriant to describe their products or services:
Luxuriant Cracked Heel Repair
Luxuriant Christmas Tree Wallpaper
Miralux Luxuriant Mattress
Problem is luxuriant means lush growth; thick and rich. As in a luxuriant growth of leaves in the spring. What those advertisers really want is luxurious, as in self-indulgent; comfort, elegance, or enjoyment in the extreme:
Mediterranea ... is a luxurious community situated adjacent to the sea, boasting stunning views of the Mediterranean.
This luxurious penthouse at the One Hyde Park development in the Knightsbridge of London just sold for a record-breaking £140 million or $220 million.
French President Nicolas Sarkozy orders brand new, luxurious presidential jet to rival Air Force One
As a society, we tolerate a lot of bent or outright broken language rules in advertising. We tune a lot of it out, anyway. But the careful writer should not emulate advertising-speak and should be wary of copying its word usage. Using luxuriant for luxurious is very much considered an error and is to be avoided.
WORD FAMILY
luxurious: luxuriously, luxuriousness+/ luxuriate: luxuriated, luxuriates, luxuriating, luxuriation/luxuriation: luxuriations/ luxury: luxuriate, luxuries, luxurious
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wealthy businessmen and officials were purchasing elaborate carvings as luxurious gifts or, in some cases, bribes.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Indeed, my time on the most rugged hilltop trail was surprisingly luxurious.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The properties will be so luxurious, the Trump Organization says, that even an impressive five-star rating will not do them justice.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 奢侈的; 豪华的; 放纵的; 词藻华丽的
分布：豪华的(74%)，奢侈的(26%)
→来自luxury,奢华，奢侈。
US [-'ʒʊr.i-] adjective
■very comfortable and expensive 奢侈的，豪华的，奢华的
• They have a very luxurious house. 他们有一座十分豪华的房子。
• We spent a luxurious weekend at a country hotel. 我们在一家乡村饭店渡过了一个奢华的周末。
■giving great pleasure 舒服的，舒适的；享乐的
• The cat gave a long, luxurious stretch. 猫舒舒服服地伸了一个长长的懒腰。
adj. 奢侈的；丰富的；放纵的；特级的
 - abundant, super, full, extravagant

Word: measles
Front: measles
[ˈmi:zlz] (17914/15308 -1)
Vocabulary: measles
(once / 2329 pages)
n
Measles is a serious contagious illness that's distinctive for the bright red spots that can spread over the entire body. One of the vaccines most young children receive helps keep them from getting measles.
Measles used to be a disease that killed many people — it's estimated that between the mid-nineteenth century and 2005, about 200 million people died from measles. Today about 85 percent of children worldwide are vaccinated against measles, so it's much less common than it once was. The word measles most likely comes from the Middle Dutch masel, or "blemish."
WORD FAMILY
measles
USAGE EXAMPLES
After the introduction of the measles vaccine, the rate of the disease dropped precipitously; it was declared eliminated from the U.S. in 2000.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But they were vulnerable to European diseases, especially smallpox and measles, which burned far ahead of actual European contact, triggering large population collapses.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The hospital is also seeing more cases of measles, malaria and skin diseases, mostly affecting the more than 3 million people displaced by the war.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. <医>麻疹; [兽]（牛，猪的）囊虫病; [摄]斑点; <美俚>梅毒，麻疹的红斑点
分布：麻疹(100%)
→拼写置换自中古英语masel,传染病，-s,复数后缀，来自Proto-Germanic*mas,斑点，血斑。
noun uncountable
■an infectious disease which produces small red spots all over the body 麻疹；风疹
n. [内科] 麻疹；风疹
 - rubeola, morbilli

Word: mule
Front: mule
[mju:l] (6605/12092 -1)
Vocabulary: mule
(once / 297 pages)
1n 2n
When a donkey and a horse have a baby, it's a mule. A mule, however, can not make babies — since it has an odd number of chromosomes (63, to be exact).
While donkeys can be notoriously stubborn and horses can be fragile, mules are sturdy, patient, and live long lives. Mules always have a donkey father and a horse mother, while the opposite combination (a female mule and male horse) is called a hinny, and it's less common. A completely unrelated definition of mule is a slip-on shoe or slipper. This second meaning is from the Latin mulleus calceus, the footwear of Roman patricians, "red high-soled shoe."
WORD FAMILY
mule: mules, muleteer, mulish +/muleteer: muleteers/ mulish: mulishly, mulishness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many elk, mule deer and antelope in Wyoming wear electronic data collars as researchers study how animals move across the landscape.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Shoe designer Charlotte Dellal said she designed the saucy polka-dot mules for her label Charlotte Olympia to reflect the collection’s “happy mood.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
To lug his equipment, Watkins travelled with a dozen mules, or with chartered railroad cars hitched to the Union Pacific.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 骡子; 顽固的人; 杂交种动物
分布：骡子(94%)，拖鞋(4%)，固执的人(2%)
→来自拉丁语mulus,骡子，来自mukslos,骡子，可能来自meik,混合，混杂，词源同 mix,melange.
noun countable
ANIMAL 动物
■an animal whose mother is a horse and whose father is a donkey , which is used especially for transporting goods 骡子
[mju:l] noun countable
PERSON 人
■a person who agrees to carry illegal drugs into another country in return for payment by the person selling the drugs 毒品走私犯，越境运毒者
• These very poor women who are used as mules by drug barons often get long prison sentences. 这些被毒枭雇来越境运送毒品的贫困女子经常会被判处长期徒刑。
[mju:l] noun countable
SHOE 鞋
■a woman's shoe or slipper that has no back 拖鞋；拖鞋式女鞋
n. [脊椎] 骡；倔强之人，顽固的人；杂交种动物
 - donkey, bullhead

Word: parenthood
Front: parenthood
[ˈpeərənthʊd] (14467/15553 -1)
Back: n. 亲子关系; 父母身分
分布：父母的身份(100%)
→来自parent,父母，-hood,状态后缀。
US ['per.ənt-] noun uncountable
■the state of being a parent 为人父母，家长身分
• The prospect of parenthood filled her with horror. 将为人母使她内心充满了恐惧。

Word: ramification
Front: ramification
[ˌræmɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] (10121/13887 -1)
Vocabulary: ramification
(once / 4023 pages)
1n 2n
A ramification is an accidental consequence that complicates things. Remember that time you borrowed your father's car without asking? The ramification was that Dad missed an important meeting, his company went under, and he had to sell the car. Oops!
The ramifications are the broader effects that fan out into the world from one situation, or decision, that kicks it all off. Ramification also refers to something branching out, like limbs on a tree — which is what bad decisions tend to do. Ramification is like consequence, but usually unintended and bad. The word is often used in political discussions about laws or government decisions because they might be made locally but could affect people worldwide.
WORD FAMILY
ramification: ramifications+/ ramify: ramification, ramified, ramifies, ramifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I’m not satisfied that there’s been an adequate discussion about the ramifications of such a change,” he said.
Slate(Dec 19, 2016)
In one interview, Mr. Assad even compared the ramifications of the battle for Aleppo to the birth of Christ and the revelation of the Quran.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Then, after they’re sworn into office, they balk when faced with the potential ramifications.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 衍生物，结果; 分叉，分支; 支流
分布：支流(48%)，结果(33%)，分叉(19%)
→来自 ramify,分支，分叉。引申词义后果，特指难以预料的结果。
分支,风流(ramify分支)[-ification表名词,由ific变化而来]
noun countable usually plural
■the possible results of an action 可能的后果；衍生结果；派生影响
• Have you considered all the ramifications of your suggestion? 你考虑过你的建议可能带来的各种后果吗？
n. 衍生物； [植] 分枝，分叉；支流
 - branch, derivative

Word: photosynthesis
Front: photosynthesis
[ˌfəʊtəʊˈsɪnθəsɪs] (托宝 17755/17561)
Vocabulary: photosynthesis
(once / 40757 pages)
n
Plants absorb sunlight and turn that energy into food; the process is known as photosynthesis.
This is a compound word made up of photo (which means "light") and synthesis (which means "to put together"). Think of a synthesizer, which puts together different sounds to produce music. A plant uses light to put together chemical compounds and turn them into carbohydrates: food. Although the word can be used to describe any process that uses light to connect compounds, the word is almost always used to describe a plant's method of making food.
WORD FAMILY
photosynthesis
USAGE EXAMPLES
During spring and summer, trees with freshly grown leaves remove carbon dioxide through photosynthesis.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Now researchers have shown that increasing the pace at which plants resume full photosynthesis can boost their yields by about 15%.
Nature(Nov 22, 2016)
You may remember from high school biology that chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis, the process plants use to convert sunlight into energy.
Time(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 光合作用，光能合成
分布：光合作用(100%)
→phot-,光，synthesis,合成作用。
US [ˌfoʊ.tˌoʊ-] noun uncountable
■the process by which a plant uses the energy from the light of the sun to produce its own food 光合作用

Word: poetic
Front: poetic
[pəʊˈetɪk] (6703/7114 -1)
Vocabulary: poetic
(once / 83 pages)
adj
Anything poetic either relates to the art of poetry or has the romantic images of poetry. A great speech can be poetic. An orange-red sunset at the beach can also be poetic.
The word poetic comes from the Greek poietikos for "pertaining to poetry." A poetic drama is one written in verse. Anything romantic or lyrical is also poetic. A painter’s use of colors could be poetic. Poetic justice happens when you set a trap to catch a rabbit but get caught in it yourself. If you get carried away with a metaphor, you use poetic license. Don’t try to drive with it! Poetic language doesn’t get you out of any tickets.
WORD FAMILY
poetic: poetically, poetry +/ poet: poetic, poetise, poetize, poets/poetise: poetised, poetises, poetising/poetize: poetized, poetizer, poetizes, poetizing/poetizer: poetizers/ poetry: poetical, poetiser, poetries
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the richness of his poetic imagination, as shown in these three etudes, Trifonov may be peerless today .
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Over a few hours of conversation, he toggled between being marginally expressive and almost poetic.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The nature of Paterson’s poetic gift is in no rush to reveal itself.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 诗的，韵文的; 有诗意的; 诗人的
n. 诗学; 诗论
分布：诗的(95%)，富有诗情的(5%)
→poet-,诗人，-ic,形容词后缀。即诗人的语言，引申词义有诗意的。
US [poʊ'etˌ-] (also poetical)
adjective
 ADVANCED
■like or relating to poetry or poets 诗的，诗歌的
• a collection of Dryden's poetical works (= poems) 德莱顿诗集
• The story is written in richly poetic language. 这篇故事的语言充满诗意。
■approving
■very beautiful or expressing emotion 极美的；充满诗意的；诗情画意的
• Deanne Sokolin creates abstract, mournfully poetic black-and-white images of wrapped objects. 迪恩•索科林的被围绕包裹起来的物体创造了抽象、忧伤而充满诗意的黑白影像。
adj. 诗的，诗歌的；诗意的；诗人的
 - odic, melic

Word: pod
Front: pod
[pɒd] (宝 8381/12531 -1)
Vocabulary: pod
(once / 2252 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A pod is a case that holds a plant's seeds. When you buy fresh peas from the farmer's market, they come still in their pod.
In many plants, seeds grow in groups, nestled within a pod. Peas are one such plant, and many other legumes and flowers have seed pods as well. The expression "two peas in a pod" refers to the way seeds are clustered together within the pod, and means "very similar to each other." Pod comes from the fifteenth century term podware, "seed of legumes or grain."
WORD FAMILY
pod: podded, podding, podlike, pods
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said coffee shops were a popular choice, and there were now office "pods", offering access to facilities such as the internet.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Russ Mullins says the drone was 20 to 30 yards over a pod of whales.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
One of the most difficult engineering problems is designing a braking system that would bring the pod to a rapid stop.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 荚，豆荚; （飞机的）吊舱; （航天器或船只上可与船只主体分离的）分离舱
vi. 结豆荚
vt. 把（豆等）剥出荚; 去荚
时态：podded, podding, pods
分布：豆荚(78%)，分离舱(22%)
→来自中古英语pod,豆荚，豆壳，来自古英语pad,外衣，斗篷，覆盖，来自Proto-Germanic*paido,外衣，外套，来自baite,羊毛衣服。
【记】源于词根pod＝ped脚，两个脚丫合在一起－豆荚
US [pɑ:d] noun countable
PLANT PART 植物的一部分
■a long, narrow, flat part of some plants, such as beans and peas, which contains the seeds and usually has a thick skin 荚；荚果
• seed pods 心皮
• a pea/vanilla pod 豌豆荚／香子兰荚
UK [pɒd] US [pɑ:d] noun countable
AIRCRAFT PART 飞行器的一部分
■a long narrow container which is fixed to an aircraft for carrying engines, weapons, extra fuel, etc 吊舱；（翼梢等上的）发射架；副油箱
• an escape/storage/accommodation pod 逃生／储藏／住宿舱
• a space pod 太空舱
n. 蚕茧；豆荚
 - peapod, bean-pod

Word: retention
Front: retention
[rɪˈtenʃn] (研六宝 6542/6675 -1)
Vocabulary: retention
(once / 3157 pages)
n
You can use retention to mean the ability to keep or hold. If you have extraordinary powers of retention, you remember everything you hear or learn.
Are your ankles ever swollen after a long flight? This comes from the lack of movement which can cause the retention of water. The roots of the word, Latin re- "back" and tenere "to hold," say it all. You often use the word in the military or business contexts to talk about keeping soldiers, or employees, from leaving. If you're lucky, they might offer you a retention bonus to prevent you from quitting.
WORD FAMILY
retention: retentions+/ retain: retained, retainer, retaining, retains, retention, retentive / retainer: retainers/ retentive: retentively, retentiveness, retentivity, unretentive
USAGE EXAMPLES
It does not include a “retention award” of more than $200,000.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Retention rates at the company are high, and management tends to promote from within.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“The focus is retention. The system talks a lot about housing people, which is what we’re doing,” Turner said.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 保留; 记忆力，保持力; 滞留，扣留; 闭尿
分布：保存(46%)，记忆力(45%)，保留物(9%)
→来自 retain,保持，-ion,名词后缀。引申词义记忆力。
保留;持久力(retain的名词;re+tent+tion)[tain,ten,tin=hold表示"拿住"]
n.保留,保持,保持力,记忆力I'm intent on tentative retention of potential patents.我热衷于潜在专利权的暂时保留.
noun uncountable slightly formal
■the continued use, existence or possession of something or someone 保留；保持；维持
• Two influential senators have argued for the retention of the unpopular tax. 两位有影响的参议员主张保留这项不得人心的税收。
• The retention of old technology has slowed the company's growth. 死守着旧技术不放减缓了这家公司的发展。
• water/heat retention 水份保持／热量滞留
n. 保留；扣留，滞留；记忆力；闭尿
 - memory, preservation, mind, hold, reservation

Word: romp
Front: romp
[rɒmp] (19311/20050 -1)
Vocabulary: romp
(once / 1862 pages)
1vn 2vn 3n
To romp is to play or cavort. On a busy day at a playground, you can watch happy kids romp.
When you romp, you don't entertain yourself quietly, but instead run around laughing or otherwise frolic with energy and enthusiasm. You can also call a wonderful, fun activity a romp: "Her party was a total romp!" The verb romp probably comes from the now-obsolete ramp, "to climb" (for a human), or "to stand on hind legs" (for an animal).
WORD FAMILY
romp: romped, romper, romping, romps+/ romper: rompers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some livestock fares poorly, though other domesticated animals romp happily into the wild.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Greater than UCLA, which romped to 10 national titles in Wooden’s final 12 seasons.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
They dominated in just about every way in a 41-21 romp.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vi. 嬉笑玩闹; 欢快地迅速奔跑; [俚]轻易地取胜，不费力地完成
n. 顽皮嬉闹，玩闹; 顽童; 轻易取得的胜利
时态：romped, romping, romps
分布：嬉闹玩笑(16%)，好玩的游戏(14%)，顽皮嬉闹的人(14%)，轻易地取得胜利(14%)，欢闹(14%)，欢快地迅速奔跑(14%)，轻易取得的胜利(14%)
→可能来自 ramp 拼写变体，来自 ramp 古义，发狂，狂欢，引申词义嬉戏等。
US [rɑ:mp] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to play in a rough, excited and noisy way 疯闹，嬉耍喧闹，喧闹地玩耍
• The children romped happily around/about in the garden. 孩子们高兴地在花园中嬉笑打闹。
UK [rɒmp] US [rɑ:mp] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
romp home/in UK
■to win easily 轻易取胜；轻松获胜
• She is riding the fastest horse and is certain to romp home. 她骑的是最快的马，所以获胜肯定不费吹灰之力。
UK [rɒmp] US [rɑ:mp] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  romp through sth informal
■to successfully do something, quickly and easily 不费力地完成，轻易获得成功
• Rory expected to romp through the test and interviews. 罗里希望轻松地通过考试和面试。
UK [rɒmp] US [rɑ:mp] noun countable usually singular
■a funny, energetic and often sexual entertainment or situation 打闹逗笑的表演；风流韵事；调情
• The newspaper headline was 'Vicar Caught In Sex Romp'. 报纸标题赫然写著「牧师风流当场被捉”。
vi. 玩耍；轻快地跑；轻易地取胜
 - play about, play around

Word: shoo
Front: shoo
[ʃu:] (21940/35565)
Back: int. 嘘！走开！
vt. 用“嘘”声赶走，吓走
时态：shooed, shooing, shoos
分布：发出嘘声赶走(100%)
exclamation
■said to animals or children to make them go away 嘘（用以把动物或小孩赶走）
• "Shoo!" she shouted at the cat. “嘘！”她对小猫叫道。
[ʃu:] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (shooing, shooed, shooed) informal
■to make sounds and movements in order to send animals or children away 用“嘘”声轰走
• Go and shoo that cat away before it catches a bird. 趁猫还没抓到鸟之前赶紧把它嘘走。
int. 嘘（赶走鸟等时所发声音）
 - sh, hist

Word: specialisation

Word: unpick
Front: unpick
[ˌʌnˈpɪk] (-/33897)
Back: vt. 拆开，拆散
时态：unpicked, unpicking, unpicks
分布：拆开(38%)，拆散(37%)，割开(25%)
verb transitive
SEWING 缝纫
■to cut or remove the stitches from a line of sewing 拆去（缝线）
[ʌn'pɪk] verb transitive
IDEAS 想法
■If you unpick a difficult subject, you separate and examine its different parts carefully 深入剖析难题
• As long as two years ago, Mandelson tried to unpick the reasons for the disaster. 早在两年前，曼德尔森曾试图深入剖析造成这场灾难的原因。
[ʌn'pɪk] verb transitive
DESTROY 破坏
■to gradually destroy or remove the good effects of what someone has done or created （逐渐）破坏，毁掉已取得的成绩
• The former leader now has to watch his successor unpicking what he strived so hard to achieve. 这位前任领导现在不得不眼睁睁地看着他的继任者一点点地毁掉他辛苦开创的局面。
vt. 拆散；拆开；割开
 - take sth apart, destructuralize

Word: underdog
Front: underdog
[ˈʌndədɒg] (宝 12386/20161 -1)
Back: n. 失败者; 退居下风的人; 受压迫者; 打败了的选手
分布：受害者(51%)，处于劣势的一方(21%)，牺牲者(14%)，输家(14%)
【记】under下，dog狗：下面的狗－居于下风者
【参】underestimate（v 低估）；underhanded（adj 秘密的）；underrate（v 低估）
【反】bully（n 欺凌弱小者；v 威吓）
US [-dɚ.dɑ:g] noun
the underdog only singular
■a person or group of people with less power, money, etc. than the rest of society 弱者；弱势群体
• As a politician, her sympathy was always for the underdog in society. 作为一名政治家，她一直同情社会上的弱势群体。
countable usually singular
■in a competition, the person or team considered to be the weakest and the least likely to win （比赛中）不被看好的一方
n. 失败者；受压迫者；斗败了的狗
 - failure, loser

Word: tram
Front: tram
[træm] (高研四六 14885/6704 -1)
Back: n. 有轨电车轨道; 煤车，矿车，缆车
vt. 用电车（等）运; 坐电车
时态：trammed, tramming, trams
分布：有轨电车(59%)，缆车(14%)，煤车(10%)，乘有轨电车(7%)，用煤车运(6%)，乘缆车(4%)
→来自苏格兰词 tram,一种在煤井矿道运煤的小推车，可能来自荷兰语方言 tram,木柱，车把手， 词源不详。后用于指有轨电车。
n.有轨电车The tramp from the tram swamped the ham hamburger with shampoo.来自有轨电车的流浪者用洗发水淹没火腿汉堡.
[træm] UK (US usually streetcar) (US also trolley)
noun countable
■an electric vehicle that transports people, usually in cities, and goes along metal tracks in the road （通常在市内运营的）有轨电车
vi. 乘电车
 - trolley

Word: subtlety
Front: subtlety
[ˈsʌtlti] (11040/9870 -1)
Vocabulary: subtlety
(once / 1386 pages)
n
Subtlety is the quality of being understated, delicate, or nuanced. You can really appreciate the subtlety of your gothic friend's art if you can distinguish among many different shades of black.
The Latin root of subtle and subtlety originally meant "finely woven" and was used to describe fabric. The subtlety of an argument is in the fine weave of the words and thoughts that it is made up of. When translating, you often lose the subtleties of the original language, the interlacing of word, idea and connotation. When you're trying to persuade your parents of something, subtlety might get you further than outright demands.
WORD FAMILY
subtlety: subtleties+/subtilise: subtilised, subtilises, subtilising/subtilize: subtilized, subtilizes, subtilizing/ subtle: subtilise, subtilize, subtlely, subtler, subtlest, subtlety, subtly, unsubtle/unsubtle: unsubtly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They were very complicated people full of paradoxes and subtleties,” she said.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
No subtlety or pussyfooting around here; we soon learn that the mother is fatally ill and in the midst of a drawn-out death.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
It is a nuanced looked into the life of one of rap’s most exceptional writers, balancing joy and despair with a poet’s subtlety.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 精妙，巧妙; 敏锐，敏感; 狡猾，阴险; 细微的差别等
分布：微妙(64%)，敏锐(23%)，狡猾(13%)
→subtle,微妙的，巧妙的，敏锐的，-ty,名词后缀。
微妙,狡猾(subtle微妙的;狡猾的)[-ety表名词"状态"]
【记】源于：subtle（adj 微妙的）
US ['sʌtˌ.l.tˌi] approving
noun
uncountable
■the quality of being subtle 微妙；巧妙；隐约难辨；隐晦
• Listening to the interview, I was impressed by the subtlety of the questions. 听了采访之后，提问之巧妙给我留下了深刻印象。
countable
■a small but important detail 精妙之处，微妙之处
• All the subtleties of the music are conveyed in this new recording. 新的录音把乐曲中的细微之处表现得淋漓尽致。
n. 微妙；敏锐；精明
 - delicacy, acuity

Word: amenable
Front: amenable
[əˈmi:nəbl] (托宝 15693/11453)
Vocabulary: amenable
(once / 3480 pages)
adj
If your friends want to try sky diving and you're amenable to the idea, sounds like you're going to be jumping out of a plane. If a person or thing is amenable to something, they are ready, willing, or responsive.
Note that amenable is often followed by the preposition to, which makes amenable mean "able to be controlled or affected by something," as in "They are usually amenable to our wishes;" or "Her heart condition is not amenable to treatment." An amenable personality is open to influence or control and is willing to agree or yield.
WORD FAMILY
amenable: amenability, amenableness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In fact, most causes of cardiac arrest are not amenable to defibrillation.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Republican legislators were surprised, and a little amused, but not amenable.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
He continued: “The graciousness, the intelligence, the reception we got was fantastic. He’s amenable to listening to people who didn’t vote for him.”
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. （对法律等）负责的; 易控制的; 经得起检验（或考查）的; 可用某种方式处理的
分布：顺从的(42%)，经得起检验的(36%)，通情达理的(13%)，对...负有义务的(9%)
→前缀a- 同ad-. 词根men, 伸出，引导，威胁，见 menace，威胁。此处用引导义，可引导的，顺从的。
通情达理的[amen=pleasant(愉快)]
【记】a一个，men人，able能…的－一个人能共事－通情达理的amen读：阿门，able－基督教祷告语－基督教徒是通情达理的
【反】inimical（adj 敌意的）；recalcitrant（adj 顽抗的）；obdurate（adj 顽固的）；ossified（adj 僵化的）；intransigent（adj 非妥协性的）
adjective
■willing to accept or be influenced by a suggestion 易接受建议的；耳朵软的
• She might be more amenable to the idea if you explained how much money it would save. 你当时要是跟她解释这样做会省下多少钱，她或许会更乐意接受这个主意。
• Do you think the new manager will prove more amenable to our proposals? 你认为新经理对我们的建议会更加乐于接受吗？
adj. 有责任的，应服从的；有义务的；经得起检验的
 - responsible, bound, liable, accountable

Word: wasteland
Front: wasteland
[ˈweɪstlænd] (14722/14913 -1)
Vocabulary: wasteland
(once / 12468 pages)
n
A wasteland is someplace that's empty and desolate, with no sign of life or growth. An area may be a wasteland because of toxic materials in the soil, or due to climate conditions like strong winds.
You can't grow anything in a wasteland, despite all that open space — typically, the soil doesn't have enough nutrients for plants to survive. Sometimes a barren area with limited biodiversity is called a wasteland, though a few species do grow there. A neglected urban area, like an empty lot or a playground that's unused and in disrepair, might also be called a wasteland. T.S. Eliot's most famous poem, "The Waste Land," alludes to a wasteland from Arthurian legend.
WORD FAMILY
wasteland: wastelands
USAGE EXAMPLES
Line up the caveats: The Eastern Conference is a middling wasteland populated by non-contenders.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In a missive in April, he warned Mr. Salmond that the Scottish economy “will become a third world wasteland that global investors will avoid.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Writing on 19 April 2012 he said: "Your economy will become a third world wasteland that global investors will avoid."
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 荒地; 荒漠; 贫乏
分布：荒地(85%)，未开垦地(11%)，贫乏之地(4%)
noun
countable or uncountable
■an empty area of land, especially in or near a city, which is not not used to grow crops or built on, or used in any way （尤指城市里或市郊的）荒地
• The car was dumped in a stretch of wasteland in the south of the city. 那辆汽车被遗弃在该市南部的一片荒地里。
only singular literary disapproving
■a place, time or situation containing nothing positive or productive, or completely without a particular quality or activity 荒原；荒漠（指缺乏积极向上等特质的时代或局面）；不毛之地
• the spiritual wasteland of the 1980s 20世纪80年代的精神荒漠
n. [农] 荒地，不毛之地；未开垦地，荒漠；（精神或文化上的）贫乏
 - wilderness, barren land

Word: utmost
Front: utmost
[ˈʌtməʊst] (研四六雅 11755/9464 -1)
Vocabulary: utmost
(once / 187 pages)
adjn
Utmost means "the greatest extent or amount." When you work as part as you possibly can, you do your utmost to accomplish your goal.
Whenever something is the most, it can be described as the utmost. If a message is of the utmost importance, it's as important as it possibly can be. Any time you want to really want to emphasize that you believe in something more than anything else or truly intend to do something, do your utmost to use the word utmost.
WORD FAMILY
utmost
USAGE EXAMPLES
Iraq’s Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi ordered the security forces to investigate the kidnapping and to “exert the utmost effort” to save her.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“It was of the utmost importance to begin construction of the dam as quickly as possible,” the official said.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
His career culminated with an honor of utmost significance for the Bakken staple.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 极度的，最大的，最远的
n. 极限，最大限度
分布：极限(38%)，最大限度的(23%)，极度的(21%)，最大可能(18%)
→ut-, 外面，词源同out，-most, 双重最高级后缀，词源同foremost, former.
a.最远的;极度的n.极限,极度,最大可能Most hosts are hostile to the foremost ghost hostage almost to the utmost.大多数主人对最前面的幽灵人质的敌对态度几乎到了极顶.
US [-moʊst] (formal uttermost UK ['ʌt.əˌməʊst] US ['ʌ.tˌɚmoʊst/)
adjective [before noun]
■used to emphasize how important or serious something is 最大的；极度的
• a matter of the utmost importance 一件至关重要的事
• The situation needs to be handled with the utmost care. 这种局势需要极其小心地处理。
UK ['ʌt.məʊst] US [-moʊst] (formal uttermost UK ['ʌt.əˌməʊst] US ['ʌ.tˌɚmoʊst/)
noun only singular (also uttermost)
■the greatest amount or extent possible 最大量；最高程度
• The new model of the car offers the utmost in power and performance. 这款新车动力最大，性能最佳。
UK ['ʌt.məʊst] US [-moʊst] (formal uttermost UK ['ʌt.əˌməʊst] US ['ʌ.tˌɚmoʊst/)
noun only singular (also uttermost)
do/try your utmost
■to do something as well as you can by making a great effort 尽最大努力；竭尽全力
• She did her utmost to finish on time. 她尽了最大努力按时完成。
extreme, furthest, outermost, utmost, farthest
这组词都有“最远的”的意思，其区别是：
extreme: 普通用词，指最远的意思时，与farthest和outermost含义相当。
furthest: 与farthest相比，除指数量或程度上的最多或最大。
outermost: 指离中心最远的或指一个平面或物体最外边的部分。
utmost: 较正式用词，指最远部分或最远地区。
farthest: 是far的最高级形式，指最大的距离。
n. 极限；最大可能
 - limitation, threshold, terminal
adj. 极度的；最远的
 - excessive, extreme

Word: carcass
Front: carcass
[ˈkɑ:kəs] (托 9410/12002 -1)
Vocabulary: carcass
(once / 1316 pages)
n
In the aftermath of Thanksgiving, after turkey sandwiches and turkey noodle soup and picking all the meat off, you're left with nothing more than turkey bones — or the carcass of your holiday bird.
The gruesome word carcass is often used to describe the remains of a dead animal, especially one that's been slaughtered for food. But if that makes you squeamish, you can think of carcasses in a more figurative light, because a carcass could also mean "the inner structure of something." The carcass of an old burned out building, for example, refers to its remaining walls and beams. Or think of the carcass of the couch, its inner foundation, which is supporting your rear right now.
WORD FAMILY
carcass: carcasses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Vulture 'restaurants' across southern Europe are serving up carcasses in an attempt to rescue these endangered birds.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
It was one of two bald eagles that suffered pentobarbital poisoning after scavenging a deer carcass.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
He’s under the impression that the occasional chicken carcass is enough; that anything else will “spoil” Carol, will, in fact, endanger her.
The New Yorker(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. （人或动物的）尸体; （家畜屠宰后的）躯体; 骨架，遗骸、残迹等
分布：尸体(71%)，残骸(19%)，骨架(10%)
→来自词根carn, 肉，见carnivorous.
尸体;残骸[carn=flesh,表示"肉,肉欲"]
US ['kɑ:r-] noun countable
■the body of a dead animal, especially a large one that is soon to be cut up as meat or eaten by wild animals （尤指大型动物的）尸体；（供野生动物食用的）畜体
• Vultures flew around in the sky waiting to pick at the rotting carcass of the deer. 秃鹰在天空盘旋等待着啄食鹿的渐渐腐烂的尸体。
• slang Move your great carcass (= your body) out of that chair! 把你庞大的身躯从那把椅子上移开！
■the frame of an old or broken object, car, ship, etc. （破旧物品、汽车、船等的）残骸，骨架
• Carcasses of burnt-out vehicles lined the roads near the scene of the worst fighting. 在战斗最激烈的地点附近，道路两旁排列着被烧毁的汽车残骸。
n. （人或动物的）尸体；残骸；（除脏去头备食用的）畜体
 - remain, debris, corpse, lich

Word: backbench
Front: backbench
['bækbentʃ] (-/22940)
Back: n. 后座议员席位
分布：后座议员席(100%)
noun countable usually plural
■(the seats used by) members of the British Parliament who do not have official positions in the government or in an opposing political party （英国议会的）后座议员，普通议员，后座议员席
• The Prime Minister expects strong support from the Labour backbenches. 首相希望得到工党后座议员的大力支持。
• a backbench revolt 后座议员的一次反抗
Compare frontbench

Word: chuckle
Front: chuckle
[ˈtʃʌkl] (托宝 6334/8251 -1)
Vocabulary: chuckle
(once / 398 pages)
nv
Chuckle is as fun to say as it is to do. In fact, just the sound of the word chuckle may make you feeling like chuckling, or laughing softly.
Chuckle is one of many words for different kinds of laughter. These include giggle, titter, snicker, and a word that is a cross between chuckle and snort — chortle. These words are all imitative. That is, the word itself sounds like the noise it refers to. With all these words for laughter, it may be hard to choose the right one for the occasion. Use chuckle when you mean a quiet, even soundless laugh.
WORD FAMILY
chuckle: chuckled, chuckles, chuckling
USAGE EXAMPLES
They chuckled at some customers’ home remedies, such as pouring white wine on a red-wine stain.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
People in the audience began to chuckle and smirk at one another.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
“There’s a lot of hurry up and wait,” Schroder says, chuckling.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vi. 轻声地笑; 咯咯笑
n. 轻笑声
时态：chuckled, chuckling, chuckles
分布：轻声笑(61%)，咯咯笑(26%)，暗自笑(13%)
→拟声词。-le, 表反复。
【记】ch吃，ch吃，le乐－吃吃的乐chu处，乐：处女的乐－轻声的笑，因为要保持矜持－咯咯笑，因为要勾引别人chuck＝chick小鸡，le乐：小鸡的乐－咯咯笑
【区】chortle（v 哈哈大笑）；grin（v 露齿笑）；guffaw（v 哄堂大笑）
verb intransitive
■to laugh quietly 轻声笑；暗自发笑
• She was chuckling as she read the letter. 她一边看信一边偷笑。
giggle, laugh, chuckle, roar, sneer, beam, jeer, grin
这组词都有“笑”的意思，其区别是：
giggle: v.咯咯地笑，痴笑，傻笑，多指女人和孩子由于紧张、被逗乐、尴尬时所发出的笑声。
 • The schoolgirls giggled when the famous football player walkedsintostheir classroom.   当这个著名的足球运动员走进教室时，女生们都咯咯地笑起来。
laugh: v.笑，大笑，用于一般的笑或出声的大笑。
chuckle: v. (书面语)吃吃的笑，抿嘴笑，轻声笑，多指因得意或领会到某事中的趣味而暗自发笑。
 • She does not laugh out loud; she only chuckles.   她没有笑出声来，只是抿嘴而笑。
roar: v.怒吼，咆哮，引申为放声大笑，哄堂大笑。
 • He roared when he heard the joke.   听完这个笑话，他哈哈大笑。
sneer: v.冷笑，嘲笑，指以语言、表情、和声调表示轻蔑或嘲弄。
 • He sneered at the offer and said it was two low.   他对报价嗤之以鼻，说它太低了。
beam: v.本义指照耀，放光，引申为"微笑"，是正式用语，指面带喜悦或笑容，暗示对他人的友好或内心的满足。
 • She beamed with happiness.   她高兴得眉开眼笑。
jeer: v.讥笑，嘲笑，其同义词是mock。
 • The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down.   当那个拳手被人打倒时，人群开始嘲笑他。
grin: v.露齿而笑，指人因高兴、满足、轻蔑等咧开嘴露齿地笑。
 • He grinned at his mother.   他冲他的妈妈咧嘴一笑。
n. 轻笑，窃笑
 - snigger

Word: engender
Front: engender
[ɪnˈdʒendə(r)] (托宝 9295/9730 -1)
Vocabulary: engender
(once / 1631 pages)
v
Engender is a fancy way of saying "to make happen," like when you engender the spirit of teamwork and cooperation by encouraging others and doing your share of the group's work.
The verb engender has nothing to do with being male or female, though originally, it did mean "beget, procreate." Today, engender means "to produce or bring about." When students come to class prepared, meaning they've read their assignment, this engenders better class discussions, just as mutual trust and the desire to help each other engenders a meaningful friendship.
WORD FAMILY
engender: engendered, engendering, engenders
USAGE EXAMPLES
This book concentrates on the role refined sugar plays in our diet, the weight gain that it engenders and the health havoc it wreaks.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Another important aspect of Professor Porath’s research is the extent to which a leader’s civility engenders respect and admiration.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Kerry’s only real weapon now is the gruesome suffering of the Syrian people and the shame it engenders in everyone who watches.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 产生; 造成; 引起
vi. 形成; 引起
时态：engendered, engendering, engenders
分布：产生(72%)，引起(28%)
→en-, 进入，使。-gen, 生育，词源同gene, generate.
产生(en使+gender产生→使产生)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
【记】gen产生；参：generate（vt 产生；发生）因为gender（n 性；性交）所以engender
【反】eradicate（v 根除）；quash（v 取消）
US [-dɚ] formal
verb transitive
■to make people have a particular feeling or make a situation start to exist 引起（某种感觉）；导致；产生
• Her latest book has engendered a lot of controversy. 她的新作引起了很大争议。
• The minister's speech did not engender confidence in his judgment. 部长的演讲并未使人们对他的判断产生信心。
vt. 使产生；造成
 - create, inflict
vi. 产生；引起
 - result, breed

Word: emigrant
Front: emigrant
[ˈemɪgrənt] (托 15516/15967 -1)
Vocabulary: emigrant
(once / 888 pages)
n
An emigrant is a person who leaves his or her home country to live permanently in another country. Many Irish emigrants came to the United States in the late 1800s.
The Latin root of emigrant is emigrationem, which means "removal from a place." Don't confuse emigrant with immigrant, which tells about the person's status in the new country. When you leave your native land, you are an emigrant, and when you are already settled in a new country, you are an immigrant. It's a subtle difference, but with an emigrant, the focus is more on the home country.
WORD FAMILY
emigrant: emigrants
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Renzi told a Belgian newspaper that early voting by Italian emigrants could help clinch a victory.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Castro painted the emigrants as either crazy or criminals, though later studies showed only 1% or 2% were actually from prisons or mental institutions.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Mexican emigrants sent home last year overtook oil revenues for the first time as a source of foreign income.
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. （从本国移往他国的）移民
adj. 移居的，移民的，侨居的
分布：移民(60%)，侨民(18%)，移民的(11%)，移居的(11%)
noun countable
■a person who emigrates （移居国外的）移民 Compare immigrant
n. 移民；侨民
 - migration, transplantation
adj. 移民的；移居的
 - immigrant, migrant

Word: fang
Front: fang
[fæŋ] (宝 14276/15940 -1)
Vocabulary: fang
(once / 3023 pages)
n
A fang is a long, sharp tooth that is used to do harm. Vampires have them, venomous snakes have them... you could have them, too, if your Halloween costume includes a set of pointy teeth.
The word fang came into English from the Old Norse word fang, meaning “capture, grasp.” It was originally used to describe something that was seized or captured, like loot taken after a battle. Later it meant "something that traps or snares." When you think of a sharp tooth’s ability to snare something, it’s not such a leap to the word’s current meaning: the long, pointy teeth of a predatory animal or a snake — or a vampire.
WORD FAMILY
fang: defang, fang-like, fangs+/defang: defanged, defanging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Every twitching shadow concealed another serpent, every rustling leaf had fangs.
Science Magazine(Nov 23, 2016)
Several million years later, venomous snakes appeared and began immobilizing their targets via their sharp fangs.
Washington Post(Nov 10, 2016)
The shape and function of an animal’s fangs, claws or tentacles as well as the composition of its target also influence how it penetrates.
New York Times(Oct 31, 2016)
Back: n. 尖牙; （蛇的）毒牙; 犬牙; 蜘蛛的螯角
分布：尖牙(100%)
→来自pag, 固定，词源同compact, impinge.后用来指狗牙，蛇牙，毒牙。
【记】读：放－放人血的东西－毒牙回忆：aorta（n 大动脉）嘿，欧他！（直到大动脉出血为止）
noun countable
■a long sharp tooth 尖牙，利齿
• The dog growled and bared its fangs. 那只狗露出犬齿低声吠叫。
n. （犬，狼等的）尖牙； [解剖] 牙根；（毒蛇的） [脊椎] 毒牙；尖端
 - point, tip

Word: exceedingly
Front: exceedingly
[ɪkˈsi:dɪŋli] (研四六雅 10807/9520 -1)
Vocabulary: exceedingly
(once / 226 pages)
adv
Use the adverb exceedingly to mean "very." You might brag, for example, that you did exceedingly well on the big math test last week.
Exceedingly means "to a very large degree," so it's best to save it for things that really need to be emphasized. You might be exceedingly angry at your little sister after she borrowed your favorite sweater and spilled ketchup on it, or exceedingly happy to have gotten into your first choice college. Exceedingly has a Latin root, excedere, "depart, go beyond, be in excess, or surpass."
WORD FAMILY
exceedingly: exceedinglys+/ exceed: exceeded, exceeding, exceeds, excessive /exceeded: unexceeded/ exceeding: exceedingly / excessive: excessively, excessiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Death penalty experts said it was exceedingly rare for capital defendants to represent themselves after allowing lawyers to handle the initial part of a case.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Thus this lasagna recipe, an exceedingly hearty dish that uses Bolognese sauce, bechamel sauce, two kinds of cheese — and chicken livers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
They are exceedingly rare because slaves were typically barred by law from learning to read or write.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adv. 非常，极其，特别，十分; 极大地; 过分地; 极度地，极端
分布：极度地(34%)，非常(25%)，极其(25%)，很(16%)
过分地(exceed超过)[-ly 1.表形容词,通常加在名词后2.表副词,通常放在形容词后]
ad.极端地,非常Herbert drives exceedingly fast.赫伯特开车过快.
[ɪk'si:.dɪŋ.li] formal
adverb
■to a very great degree; extremely 非常；特别；极其
• He was clever, handsome and exceedingly rich. 他聪明、英俊，且非常富有。
adv. 非常；极其；极度地；极端
 - extremely, badly, highly, greatly, too

Word: hem
Front: hem
[hem] (托宝 11030/12670 -1)
Vocabulary: hem
(once / 654 pages)
1nv 2nv
When kids grow taller, their parents sometimes have to let out the hem in their pants so they'll be long enough. The hem is the very bottom, folded edge of a piece of clothing.
Most of your clothes have at least one hem in them — at the ends of your sleeves, the bottom of your skirt, or along the edge of your t-shirt. When a person sews a hem, whether he's making a dress or a pair of curtains, he folds a very small amount of fabric under two or three times and stitches along the edge in a straight line. In Old English, the word hem means "a border."
WORD FAMILY
hem: hemmed, hemming, hems
USAGE EXAMPLES
A quick glance at catwalk signs for 2017 shows that the hems of women's skirts will be falling - to just below the knee.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
After some hemming and hawing that involved five publicists — welcome to Hollywood — the Stallone family declined my requests for interviews.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Her fingers moved quickly, deftly, as though she were pinning a hem.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. （布等的）褶边; 用以引起注意的哼声
vt. 缝…的褶边; 包围
时态：hemmed, hemming, hems
分布：褶边(58%)，缝边(20%)，包围(17%)，约束(5%)
→来自kem,压进，压缩，引申词义褶边，卷边。
noun countable
■the edge of a piece of cloth, such as the bottom edge of a skirt or dress, which is folded over and sewn so that it does not develop loose threads （衣服等的）褶边，边
• I took the hem up/let the hem down. 我把褶边改短／放长。
[hem] verb transitive (-mm-)
■to sew a hem on a piece of clothing or cloth 给…缝褶边
• I need to hem those curtains. 我得给那些窗帘缝上褶边。
[hem] verb transitive (-mm-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] hem sb in
■to surround someone and prevent them from moving or doing what they want to do 包围，限制（某人）
• When they reached Oxford Circus, the demonstrators were hemmed in by the police. 当他们到达牛津广场时，示威群众已被警方包围起来。
n. 边，边缘；摺边
 - margin, rim
vt. 包围；给...缝边
 - case, invest

Word: fertilisation

Word: gel
Front: gel
[dʒel] (8747/6760 -2)
Back: n. 凝胶，冻胶; 定型发胶
vi. 形成胶体; 胶化
时态：gelled, gelling, gels
分布：凝胶(95%)，发胶(3%)，上发胶(1%)，变得浓稠(1%)
→来自gelatin的缩写。
noun uncountable
■a thick, clear, liquid substance, especially one used on the hair or body （尤指用于洗发或护肤的）凝胶，冻胶
• shower gel 沐浴凝胶
• hair gel 发胶
[dʒel] verb (-ll-)
BECOME FIRM 变坚固 (ALSO US also jell) intransitive
■to change from a liquid into a thick soft solid 形成胶体；胶化；胶凝
■(ALSO US also jell) intransitive
■If an idea or situation gels, it starts to become more clear and fixed （想法或局势）变得更清楚，显得更明确
• The race issue gelled in the 1960s. 种族问题在20世纪60年代突显出来。
■(ALSO US also jell) intransitive
■If two or more people gel, they form a good relationship or become friends 形成亲密关系；结成好友
• The team really gelled during the first few games of the season. 在这个赛季头几场比赛中，球队表现得很有凝聚力，配合十分默契。
[dʒel] verb (-ll-)
ON HAIR 头发上
transitive
■to put gel on someone's hair 上发胶于
• He had spiky light brown hair, shaved at the sides and gelled on top. 他剃去两鬓，头顶上打了发胶，浅褐色的头发一簇簇地直立着。
n. [物化] 凝胶，胶体
 - jel, colloform

Word: incidentally
Front: incidentally
[ˌɪnsɪˈdentli] (研六托雅 8677/5245 -2)
Vocabulary: incidentally
(once / 1164 pages)
adv
Incidentally is a word you use when you've got more to say on a topic or want to transition into a new subject. Think of the word incidentally as a more formal way to say "by the way."
Incidentally can also mean "by chance" if you want to remark on a coincidence. Sometimes, things just happen by chance, like you and your friend showing up at the same place incidentally. Incidentally, the word ends in lly so don't forget to throw that extra l in there!
WORD FAMILY
incidental: incidentally, incidentals+/ incidence: incidences/ incident: incidence, incidental, incidently, incidents
USAGE EXAMPLES
Incidentally, a $108-per-night rate in Maui is really, really good.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
And, incidentally, the fall is beautiful: a spiral.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
There were plans, incidentally, for a second Pro Stakes Championship, in Hawaii.
Golf Digest(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adv. 顺便; 偶然地，不经意地; 附带; 捎带
分布：偶然地(47%)，附带地(40%)，顺便地(13%)
ad.附带地,顺便提及Incidentally,did you know that my uncle is visiting us?须便说一下,你知道我叔叔来看我们吗?
US [-tˌəl-] adverb
■used before saying something that is not as important as the main subject of conversation, but is connected to it in some way 附带地；伴随地
• We had a marvellous meal at that restaurant you recommended - incidentally, I must give you the number of a similar one I know. 我们在你推荐的那家餐馆大快朵颐了一顿——对了，我一定要把我知道的类似的一家餐馆的电话号码给你。
■used when mentioning a subject that has not been discussed before, often making it seem less important than it really is 顺便说一句
• Incidentally, I wanted to have a word with you about your expenses claim. 顺便说一句，我原来打算和你谈一下你的开支报销问题。
adv. 顺便；偶然地；附带地
 - passingly, accidentally

Word: impotence
Front: impotence
['ɪmpətəns] (托 14973/14160)
Vocabulary: impotence
(once / 2648 pages)
n
Impotence is the state of being weak or unable to accomplish something, like the impotence a broom in clearing a foot of snow from your sidewalk.
The noun impotence comes from the Latin impotentia, meaning “lack of control or power.” Though its most common definition is "the condition of not being physically able to have sexual intercourse," impotence can be any kind of physical weakness or ineffectiveness. You might present a very unconvincing argument. The impotence of your message may lead to not a single person agreeing with you.
WORD FAMILY
impotence: impotences+/impotency: impotencies/ impotent: impotence, impotency, impotenter, impotently/ potency: potencies, potential, prepotency/ potent: impotent, potency, potenter, potentest, potently/ potential: potentiality, potentially, potentials/potentiality: potentialities
USAGE EXAMPLES
This seems to be the restrained version of his prayer said to cure men suffering from impotence.
BBC(Nov 26, 2016)
Is “Nocturnal Animals” an indictment of Edward’s impotence, or a defense of it?
Los Angeles Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Its manufacturer claimed the drink not only provided energy but also cured a host of ailments, including impotence.
Salon(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: n. 无能为力; [医]阳痿; 阴痿
分布：无能(100%)
无力,无能[poten=powerful,表示"有力的"]
US [-tˌənts] noun uncountable
LACK OF POWER 无力量
■lack of power to change or improve a situation 无力量；无能力
• political impotence 政治上的软弱无能
• a sense of impotence 一种无能为力的感觉
UK ['ɪm.pə.tənts] US [-tˌənts] noun uncountable
SEXUAL PROBLEM 性问题
■a medical condition in which a man cannot have sex because his penis cannot become hard or stay hard （男子）阳痿
• Men sometimes suffer from impotence after a serious illness. 男人在重病后有时会阳痿。
n. [泌尿] [中医] 阳萎；虚弱；无效（等于impotency）
 - invirility, infirmness

Word: householder
Front: householder
[ˈhaʊshəʊldə(r)] (27489/9839 -1)
Back: n. 家长，户主; 房主; 占有房子的人; 住户
分布：房主(57%)，户主(43%)
US [-ˌhoʊl.dɚ] noun countable
■the person who owns or is in charge of a house 户主
n. 户主，家长；房主
 - patriarch, paterfamilias

Word: intruder
Front: intruder
[ɪnˈtru:də(r)] (托 9021/8613 -1)
Vocabulary: intruder
(once / 998 pages)
n
An intruder is someone who enters a place or situation despite not being invited. If a Girl Scout comes to your door to sell you cookies but ends up trying to watch TV with you, you can call her an intruder.
Some intruders are robbers who break into homes or businesses with the intent to steal things: "The intruder was charged with trespassing, and later was found to have stolen some jewelry and cash." Other intruders might instead invade someone's privacy. Intruder comes from the verb intrude, from the Latin root intrudere, "to thrust in," a combination of in- and trudere, "to thrust or to push."
WORD FAMILY
intruder: intruders+/ intrude: intruded, intruder, intrudes, intruding, intrusion, intrusive / intrusion: intrusions/ intrusive: intrusively, intrusiveness, unintrusive/unintrusive: unintrusively
USAGE EXAMPLES
As they entered, the homeowner inside fired, thinking the firefighters were intruders.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
In an email to customers Topps wrote that on 12 October "one or more intruders gained unauthorised access" to its systems.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Sentries at Faslane naval base were ordered to shoot suspected intruders after three people broke into a nuclear submarine, cabinet papers show.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 闯入者，侵入者; 干扰者，妨碍者; 爱管闲事的人; [航]轰炸机
分布：入侵者(86%)，妨碍者(7%)，干扰者(7%)
侵入者(in+trud+er)[trud,trus=push,表示"推"]
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■someone who is in a place or situation where they are not wanted 不受欢迎者
• I feel like an intruder when I visit their home. 我拜访他们家时总觉得自己像一名不速之客。
■someone who enters a place without permission in order to commit a crime 闯入者，侵入者
• Intruders had entered the house through a back window. 盗贼从后窗闯入了住宅。
n. 侵入者；干扰者；妨碍者
 - penetrator, raider

Word: jeep
Front: jeep
[dʒi:p] (高 9569/8186 -1)
Vocabulary: jeep
(once / 3718 pages)
n
A jeep is a rugged car made for driving in difficult conditions, like unpaved roads and across sand. Many military vehicles are jeeps.
Jeeps were originally developed for use on Army bases — they're hardy little cars with four-wheel drive that can handle rough terrain. A jeep is sometimes called a "light utility vehicle." It's quicker and smaller than a truck or larger utility vehicle, and most jeeps are now owned by civilians. If the word is capitalized, it's the specific, trademarked brand of cars. Jeep was originally Army slang from the 1940s, a blending of G.P., or "general purpose vehicle."
WORD FAMILY
jeep: jeeps
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We drove two American soldiers to a valley in an American jeep to find a Christmas tree,” he wrote.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He then returned there a few minutes later and suddenly bolted from the Jeep and ran toward the girls, ages 14 and 15.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Jim provided the lights by parking his Jeep near the pool.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 吉普车
分布：吉普车(100%)
→来自军事用语缩写词G.P.,全称为general purpose car.受当时流行的漫画人物大力英雄Eugene the Jeep影响，最终变成了jeep.
[dʒi:p] trademark
noun countable
■a small strong vehicle used for travelling over rough ground, especially by the army （尤指军队用的）吉普车，越野车
car, bus, truck, lorry, coach, automobile, jeep, carriage, waggon
这些名词都与“车”有关。
car: 多指乘坐人的小汽车或轿车。
bus: 一般指公共汽车或大型客车。
truck: 与lorry同义，都指卡车或货车，前者为美国用词，后者用于英国。
coach: 原义指四轮马车，现指轿式汽车，长途公共汽车，还可指火车设有卧铺的车厢。
automobile: 是汽车的总称。
jeep: 吉普车，指一种小型轻便、适合在崎岖路面或野外使用的车子。
carriage: 指马车，两匹或两匹以上马拉的四轮马。
waggon: 指四轮运货马车或牛车，也指铁路的无盖货车。

Word: monterrey
Front: monterrey
[ˌmɔntəˈrei] None
Back: 蒙特雷
分布：名词(100%)

Word: liner
Front: liner
[ˈlaɪnə(r)] (研四六雅 7501/8442 -2)
Back: n. 班轮，班机; 衬垫，衬套; 衬里; 画线者
分布：班轮(58%)，邮轮(20%)，衬里(15%)，班机(7%)
→来自line,线，引申词义航线，渡轮，衬里。
定期飞机或船(沿着线飞)[line=line,表示"直线,线条"]
n.班机,定期轮船,邮船Regretfully, we can't regulate the irregular liner on the gulf.遗憾的是我们不能调整海湾上不定期的班船.
US [-nɚ] noun countable
■a large ship for carrying passengers in great comfort on long journeys 邮轮，大型客轮
n. [水运] 班轮， [航] 班机； [机] [铁路] 衬垫；画线者
 - pad, airliner

Word: maiden
Front: maiden
[ˈmeɪdn] (研六雅 14342/11516 -1)
Vocabulary: maiden
(once / 166 pages)
1n 2adj 3n
A maiden is an old-fashioned term a girl or an unmarried young woman. If you see the words "Fair maiden!' you're probably reading a fairy tale.
These days, you will hardly ever see this word used to mean an unmarried woman, except maybe humorously. However, you will see it used when discussing the maiden voyage of a ship or plane: in both cases, the word indicates youth and inexperience. Also, the maiden name of a married woman is her name before marriage, a name many women keep after marriage too. There is also a meaning of maiden in the baseball-like British game of cricket.
WORD FAMILY
maiden: maidenhood, maidenlike, maidenly, maidens+/maidenhood: maidenhoods/maidenly: maidenliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
It posted the announcement "Grandpa Frost and Snow Maiden also pay their taxes" on its Hrodna and Homel regional sites under a deceptively jolly logo.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
The financial regulator said Lyttleton tried to hide his dealings by using unregistered mobile phones and setting up a company in his wife's maiden name.
Reuters(Dec 21, 2016)
But after he reached his maiden century, the 25-year-old right-hander began to sparkle.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 未婚女子; 处女; 断头机; 未得分的投球
adj. 处女的，少女的; 首次的，初次的; 没有经验的
分布：少女(58%)，初次的(11%)，未婚女子(10%)，未婚的(9%)，处女的(8%)，断头机(3%)，从未赢过的赛马(1%)
→来自古英语maegden,少女，处女，女仆，-en,小词后缀，来自Proto-Germanic*magadinom,少女，年青女子，来自maghu,少男，少女，未结婚的人。后仅用于指女孩，少女。
少女(maid少女)[-en 1.表动词"变成"2.表形容词"由…制成",通常加在名词后面3.表名词"人或物"]
n.少女,处女a.未婚的,纯洁的,无经验的Without my aid I'm afraid the maiden would have been raided.没有我的帮助我怕少女已遭到袭击.
noun countable
WOMAN 女子 literary
■a girl or young woman 女孩，少女，年轻女子
• In the story, the prince woos and wins the fair maiden. 在故事里，王子向那位美丽的姑娘求婚，赢得了她的芳心。
['meɪ.dən] noun countable
CRICKET 板球 (also maiden over)
■an over in cricket in which no runs are scored （板球中）未得分的一轮投球
['meɪ.dən] adjective [before noun]
■of or about the first of its type 首次的，初次的
• The Titanic sank on her maiden voyage. “铁达尼”号在处女航时沉没了。
single, virgin, maiden
这组词都有“未婚者，孤身一人”的意思，其区别是：
single: 指尚未结婚的人，但更多指终生不结婚的人。
virgin: 通常指未婚者，贞洁未被玷污的人，或指婚烟关系尚未完成者。
maiden: 与virgin含义相近，但更着重年轻与未婚，或未曾发生过任何两性关系。
girl, daughter, maid, maiden
这组词都有“姑娘，女孩子”的意思，其区别是：
girl: 指7岁到12岁左右的女孩，与boy相对，广义指未婚的女孩。
daughter: 指女子对父母而言的概称，不涉及年龄的大小。
maid: 指闺女，女佣人。
maiden: 指少女，处女或未婚女子。
adj. 未婚的，处女的；初次的
 - unwed, virgin
n. 少女；处女
 - damoiselle, jill

Word: jubilee
Front: jubilee
[ˈdʒu:bɪli:] (21864/8916 -1)
Vocabulary: jubilee
(once / 1509 pages)
n
A jubilee is the celebration of the anniversary of a special event, or it’s the anniversary itself. Which basically means it’s a birthday party.
Here’s something you might not know: the word jubilee comes from the Hebrew word yobel, which means “ram’s horn trumpet.” If you’ve ever celebrated the Jewish New Year, it’s possible you've heard a ram’s horn trumpet played to mark the jubilee. In Judaism, the Jubilee Year is a year of freedom from enslavement which is celebrated every fifty years. But that horn gets played every year. What’s a jubilee without a ram’s horn trumpet?
WORD FAMILY
jubilee: jubilate, jubilees+/ jubilate: jubilance, jubilated, jubilates, jubilating, jubilation / jubilation: jubilations
USAGE EXAMPLES
His homily was primarily addressed to volunteer workers celebrating the Jubilee.
New York Times(Sep 03, 2016)
That was what attracted him to punk as a topic - Jubilee was like animated graffiti on film.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
It’s based on a program in Lexington called Jubilee Jobs.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 周年纪念; （天主教的）大赦年; （犹太史）五十年节; 欢乐，欢乐的节日
分布：名词(100%)
→来自jubilaeus,周年大庆，来自希腊语iobelos,来自希伯来语yobhel,山羊，羊角，周年大庆。
noun countable
■(the celebration of) the day on which an important event happened many years ago （重要事件的）周年纪念；纪念大庆
• the Queen's silver jubilee 女王登基25周年纪念

Word: opportunist
Front: opportunist
[ˌɒpəˈtju:nɪst] (20072/20133 -1)
Vocabulary: opportunist
(once / 10844 pages)
nadj
Opportunists are people who see a chance to gain some advantage from a situation, often at the expense of ethics or morals. An opportunist seizes every opportunity to improve things for himself.
Say you won millions in the lottery. People would come out of the woodwork hoping to get their hands on some of it. These people act as if they are close friends. But they are not; they are opportunists. Famous opportunists include “carpetbaggers,” Northern opportunists who, after the American Civil War, poured into the South to turn Reconstruction into personal financial gains.
WORD FAMILY
opportunist: opportunists+/ inopportune: inopportunely, inopportuneness/ opportune: inopportune, opportunely, opportuneness, opportunity / opportunism: opportunist, opportunistic / opportunistic: opportunistically/ opportunity: opportunism, opportunities
USAGE EXAMPLES
In other words, perhaps the incoming president of the United States is a great big liar, a conscienceless opportunist and an unprincipled, amoral, convictionless fraud.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
And the far-right opportunists who peddle in fear, and seize power in chaos, are only too happy to join in the fun and games.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Or is he a popular entertainer being railroaded by opportunists with stale accusations and dubious motives?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. <贬>机会主义者; 投机取巧者
分布：机会主义者(84%)，投机者(11%)，机会主义者的(5%)
→来自opportunity,机会，机遇，-ist,人。
US [ˌɑ:.pɚ'tu:-] usually disapproving
noun countable
■someone who tries to get power or an advantage in every situation 机会主义者；投机取巧者
• He was portrayed as a ruthless opportunist who exploited the publicity at every opportunity. 他被刻划成为一个一有机会就大肆宣扬的无情机会主义者。
UK [ˌɒp.ə'tju:.nɪst] US [ˌɑ:.pɚ'tu:-] usually disapproving
adjective (also opportunistic)
■using a situation to get power or an advantage 投机的；机会主义的
• It's said that a barking dog puts off the opportunist thief. 人们说，汪汪叫的狗能防住伺机下手的贼。
• At half-time, United were leading with two opportunistic goals by Black. 上半场结束时，联队因布莱克打进两个机会球而领先。
n. 机会主义者；投机取巧者
 - trimmer

Word: motherland
Front: motherland
[ˈmʌðəlænd] (高 23389/26292 -1)
Back: n. 祖国; 母国
分布：祖国(100%)
→比喻用法。
US [-ɚ-] noun uncountable
■ fatherland
n. 祖国；母国
 - homeland, fatherland

Word: orbital
Front: orbital
[ˈɔ:bɪtl] (托 9732/16616 -1)
Vocabulary: orbital
(once / 8107 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something that's orbital has something to do with an orbit. A satellite's orbital path is the exact route it takes as it travels around the Earth.
When planets, moons, or spacecraft move around other objects in an orbit — a curved, regular path — you can describe this movement as orbital. An orbital period is the length of time it takes a craft or body to make a complete pass around the object it orbits. Another way to use this adjective is to mean "relating to an eye socket," which is actually its earliest meaning. The Latin root is orbita, "wheel track, beaten path, course, or orbit."
WORD FAMILY
orbital: suborbital+/ orbit: orbital, orbited, orbiter, orbiting, orbits/orbiter: orbiters
USAGE EXAMPLES
All four men were arrested following an explosion at the Shell petrol station on North Orbital Road in Denham on 8 September.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
GM's long-term tests would be done by Orbital ATK, a Virginia engineering company that already has determined the cause of Takata inflator ruptures.
New York Times(Nov 22, 2016)
A fully operational Galileo system is regarded as a constellation of 24, split across three orbital planes in the sky.
BBC(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 轨道的; 眼窝的
分布：轨道的(74%)，眼窝的(22%)，高速环形路(4%)
轨道的[orbit=circle,表示"圆圈"]
ADJ
（道路）环城的，绕城的，外环的
An orbital road goes all the way round a large city.
例：...a new orbital road round Paris.一条新修的巴黎外环道路
ADJ
轨道的
Orbital describes things relating to the orbit of an object in space.
例：The newly discovered world followed an orbital path unlike that of any other planet.新发现的这个天体具有不同于任何其他行星的运行轨道。

Word: ordain
Front: ordain
[ɔ:ˈdeɪn] (宝 13110/11835 -1)
Vocabulary: ordain
(once / 274 pages)
v
To ordain is to make someone a minister, priest, monk, or other member of the clergy. In the Catholic church, for example, a bishop ordains new priests.
When you say that people have been ordained, you usually mean that they've been invested with special religion-related powers. In many Buddhist traditions, senior monks ordain new monks and, increasingly, female monks (or nuns) as well. Occasionally, this chiefly religious verb is used to mean "officially declare" or "decree" in a secular matter, as when a court ordains desegregation.
WORD FAMILY
ordain: foreordain, ordained, ordainer, ordaining, ordains, ordinance, ordination, preordain +/foreordain: foreordained, foreordaining, foreordains, foreordination/ ordained: ordainedly/ordainer: ordainers/ ordinance: ordinances/ ordination: ordinations/ preordain: preordained, preordaining, preordains, preordination
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Four years ago, they ordained me here and it’ll be four years in January that dad and I switched positions,” said Tim.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Along the way he became an ordained Buddhist priest and meditation teacher.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Franklin is a seasoned scholar and an ordained minister, the former president of Morehouse College and the author of multiple books.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 任命（某人）为牧师; 授予（某人）圣职; （上帝、法律等）命令; 判定
时态：ordained, ordaining, ordains
分布：命令(35%)，任命(33%)，注定(20%)，颁发命令(6%)，授以圣职(6%)
→来自拉丁语ordinare,安排，布置，指定，词源同order.引申词义安排职位，授予圣职或圣秩。
规定;命令(ordin的变体)[ordin=order,表示"命令,顺序"]
【记】ord＝order，ain一任命
【参】orderly（adj 有秩序的）；ordinance（n 法令）
US [ɔ:r-] verb
CHURCH 教堂
transitive often passive
■to officially make someone a priest or other religious leader, in a religious ceremony 授予（某人）圣职
• He was ordained (as) a priest in Oxford cathedral in 1987. 他于1987年在牛津大教堂被授予圣职。
UK [ɔ:'deɪn] US [ɔ:r-] verb
ORDER 命令
transitive formal
■(of God or someone in authority) to order something to happen （上帝或权威人士）命令，下令
• There is strong support here for the tough economic reforms ordained in the federal capital, Prague. 这里的人们坚决支持由联邦首都布拉格下令进行的强力经济改革。
• [+ that] humorous The council, in its wisdom, has ordained that all the local libraries will close on Mondays. 市政会竟然会愚蠢到命令本地所有的图书馆每逢星期一闭馆。
vt. 任命某人为牧师；授某人以圣职；（上帝、法律等）命令；注定
 - require, order, command, fate

Word: paperback
Front: paperback
[ˈpeɪpəbæk] (研 8235/7936 -2)
Back: n. 平装本，平装书
分布：平装书(78%)，普及本(11%)，纸封面本(11%)
→paper,纸，back,封面。比较hardback.
n.平装本,简装本This bookshop only sells paperbacks.这书店只出售平装本的书.
US [-pɚ-] noun countable
■a book with a cover made of thin card 平装书，简装本
• a best-selling paperback 一本畅销的平装书
• I'll buy some paperbacks at the airport. 我要在机场买几本平装书。
• It will be published in paperback (= as a paperback) in March. 这本书将于三月份以平装本形式出版。
Compare hardback ; softback

Word: postponement
Front: postponement
[pə'spəʊnmənt] (20614/12592)
Vocabulary: postponement
(once / 3789 pages)
n
When you delay something until a later time or date, that's a postponement. If a trial lawyer doesn't have all the information she needs, she may ask the judge for a postponement until the following week.
A postponement can also be called a deferral or a stay, and it means rescheduling something for later. You can request a postponement of your chemistry test, but there's no guarantee you'll get it. When a baseball game or tennis match gets rained out, the teams agree on a postponement, starting over at the earliest opportunity. Postponement has a Latin root, postponere, "put after, neglect, or postpone."
WORD FAMILY
postponement: postponements+/ postpone: postponed, postponement, postponer, postpones, postponing/postponer: postponers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Carolina announced a delay on Twitter about 15 minutes before the scheduled start time of 7 p.m., then publicized the postponement around 8:45 p.m.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Carolina announced the postponement around 8:45 p.m., and no makeup date was immediately announced.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Edwards’ chief budget adviser, Commissioner of Administration Jay Dardenne, called the postponement irresponsible, ignoring the need for millions in cuts to keep the budget balanced.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 延期，推迟; 延期的事
分布：推迟(100%)
n. 延期；延缓
 - delay, raincheck

Word: prescient
Front: prescient
[ˈpresiənt] (18054/33318)
Vocabulary: prescient
(once / 4587 pages)
adj
To be prescient is to have foresight or foreknowledge. We can use this word to describe people themselves, or what they say or do at a given moment.
You probably know that the Latin prefix pre- means "before," so you might be able to figure out that the word prescient, from the verb praescire, means to "know beforehand." People like economists, sports commentators, and political analysts often get tagged with this word, because it's part of their job to sift through the data and make predictions — and sometimes they get it right. And when they're not just lucky, we might say they're prescient.
WORD FAMILY
prescient: prescience, presciently+/ prescience: presciences
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lincoln didn’t realize how prescient he was, or the challenges he would face.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Keynes’s arguments for a more generous settlement were prescient.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Now, according to a small but possibly prescient band of pro-Trump intellectuals, it is happening again.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 有预知能力的，有先见之明的
分布：有先见之明的(56%)，预知的(44%)
→pre-,在前，早于，预先，-sci,知道，知晓，词源同science.
有先见之明的(pre+scient知道的→预先知道)[pre-表示"…前的,预先"]
有先见之明的(pre预先+sci+ent→预先知道)[sci=know,表示"知道"]
['pres.i.ənt] formal
adjective
■knowing or suggesting correctly what will happen in the future 预知的，有预知能力的，有先见之明的
• a prescient warning 预见性的警告
adj. 预知的；有先见之明的
 - provident, previsional

Word: pretension
Front: pretension
[prɪˈtenʃn] (托宝 14551/11562 -1)
Vocabulary: pretension
(once / 672 pages)
n
Pretension is what you're guilty of when you boorishly try to impress other people with how important or clever you are.
When you speak with pretension, you're boastful and you puff yourself up as someone very important or of great worth. If you have literary pretentions, you mostly likely think you're a great writer, but you most likely are not. As you might imagine, this word has the same Latin roots as pretend and pretense. A pretension can also be the advancing of a claim.
WORD FAMILY
pretension: pretensions+/ pretense: pretenses, pretension, pretentious / pretentious: pretentiously, pretentiousness, unpretentious / unpretentious: unpretentiously, unpretentiousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or it may be said approvingly of its lack of pretension.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Despite the Arab League’s pretensions to brotherhood, visa-free travel among its 22 countries is unusual.
Economist(Nov 28, 2016)
On the liberal left, tragically, we do not have Bernie Sanders, who would have dispatched Trump’s populist pretensions with a wrist flick.
The Guardian(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: n. 假装，做作; 要求，主张; 自负; 借口
vt. [建]预张，预拉
分布：自命(27%)，要求(23%)，自负(20%)，炫耀(17%)，狂妄(8%)，声称(5%)
自负;要求(pre提前+tens+ion→提前摆出→种姿态→自负)[tend,tent,tens=stretch表示"伸展"]
noun
countable usually plural
■a claim or belief that you can succeed or that you are important or have serious value 自命，标榜；意图；抱负
• The Chronicle has pretensions to being a serious newspaper. 《记事报》想办成一份严肃的报纸。
• United's championship pretensions took a dent when they were beaten 5-1. 曼联队以1比5败北后，夺冠意志受挫。
uncountable (also pretentiousness)
■when a person tries to appear or sound more important or clever than they are 做作，夸耀
n. 自负；要求；主张；借口；骄傲
 - requirement, opinion, desire, need, excuse

Word: pummel
Front: pummel
[ˈpʌml] (宝 14775/22404)
Vocabulary: pummel
(once / 6852 pages)
v
The best pummelers in the world are probably boxers, as to pummel means to repeatedly beat someone down, especially with fists.
The main sense of pummel is physical, but you can use it figuratively when something is taking a beating. During a stock market crash, the economy is being pummeled. A heavy rain can pummel the earth. If you get three bad math grades in a row, it feels like numbers themselves are pummeling you. When many bad things happen at once, it feels like you're being pummeled by life.
WORD FAMILY
pummel: pummeled, pummeling, pummelled, pummelling, pummels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many of these sequels received negative reviews from critics and were pummeled by disappointed fans on social media, he said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Virtual assistants are set to pummel virtual reality headsets in the fight for consumer dollars this holiday season, while smartwatches drive wearable sales.
Reuters(Dec 18, 2016)
A snowstorm that pummeled the Midwest and grounded hundreds of flights will sweep across the U.S.
Reuters(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: vt. （尤指用拳头）连续打
时态：pummelled, pummelling, pummels
分布：打击(67%)，猛击(33%)
→来自pommel拼写变体，来自pommel,圆球，圆鞍，引申词义连续猛击，捶打。
【记】读：怕猫，所以要用拳头连续的打猫。
['pʌm.əl] (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
verb transitive
■to hit someone or something repeatedly, especially with your fists (= closed hands) （尤指用双拳）接连地捶打
• The boxer had pummelled his opponent into submission by the end of the fourth round. 第四回合比赛快要结束时那位拳击手连续击打对手使其认输。
■informal
■to defeat someone easily at a sport （在体育比赛中）轻松打败
• They were pummelled in the second round. 他们在比赛的第2轮中被轻松击败。
vt. 击；打；用拳头连续揍
 - strike, beat upon
n. （马鞍的）前鞍桥；球壮末端；（刀把或剑柄的）圆头（等于pommel）
 - saddlebow, rounded end

Word: synthesis
Front: synthesis
[ˈsɪnθəsɪs] (研六托雅宝 8268/5192)
Vocabulary: synthesis
(once / 1961 pages)
n
Synthesis is the act of combining elements to form something new. If you describe your bedroom decor as a synthesis of Andy Warhol and Punk Rock, we'll know you mean a mixture of these two styles.
Synthesis is just as comfortable in the concrete realm as it is in the abstract. Scientists use it to talk about what happens when chemicals combine — think of photosynthesis: the process by which plants synthesize light, carbon dioxide, and water to produce food. If you call a movie "Batman meets Titanic," then that's synthesis as well. Political science students can remember synthesis via the famous thesis-antithesis-synthesis concept that suggests societies change when a widely accepted idea (a thesis) is challenged by a new, contradictory idea (an antithesis), and then resolved via synthesis, or a combining of the two to produce something new.
WORD FAMILY
synthesis: syntheses, synthesise, synthesises, synthesist, synthesize, synthetical+/synthesise: synthesised, synthesiser, synthesising/synthesiser: synthesisers/synthesist: synthesists/ synthesize: synthesized, synthesizer, synthesizes, synthesizing/synthesizer: synthesizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 2016 Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded for the design and synthesis of the world's smallest machines.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
It’s a deft synthesis of the work of other researchers and of James’s thoughts on the subject.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
What “Tree of Codes” achieved, Poots feels, was a true synthesis of three art forms.
The New Yorker(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 综合; <化>合成; 综合体; 综合推理
分布：合成(87%)，综合(12%)，综合分析(1%)
→syn-,一起，-thes,做，放置，词源同 do,thesis.引申词义综合，合成。
合成(syn+thesis放→放在一起→合成)[sym-,syn-表示"共同,相同"]
综合(syn共同+thesis→放到一起→综合)[thesis,thet=setting,表示"放置"]
n.(pl.syntheses)综合,合成Now that we have succeeded in isolating this drug, our next problem is to plan its synthesis in the laboratory.
【记】syn＝same，thes放，is：把同样的东西放在一起－综合
【参】antithetic（adj 正相反的；对立的）anti反，thet放，ic
【反】analysis（n 分析；分解）；take apart（分解）
noun
CHEMICAL PRODUCTION 化学生产
uncountable specialized
■the production of a substance from simpler materials after a chemical reaction 合成
⇒ See also photosynthesis
['sɪn.θə.sɪs] noun
MIX 混合
countable (plural syntheses) formal
■the mixing of different ideas, influences or things to make a whole which is different or new 综合，融合
• He describes his latest record as 'a synthesis of African and Latin rhythms'. 他说他最新的唱片融合了“非洲和拉丁音乐”的旋律。
n. 综合， [化学] 合成；综合体
 - integration, comprehensiveness

Word: subcontinent
Front: subcontinent
[ˌsʌbˈkɒntɪnənt] (19733/20701)
Back: n. 次大陆
分布：次大陆(100%)
→sub-,亚于，次，continent,大陆。
次大陆(sub+continetn大陆)[sub-①表示"在下面,次一等,副手"②表示"接近,靠近"]
US ['sʌbˌkɑ:n.ən.ənt] noun countable
■a large area of land which is part of a continent , often referring to India, Pakistan and Bangladesh 次大陆（常指包括印度、巴基斯坦和孟加拉国的南亚次大陆）
• the Indian subcontinent 印度次大陆
• He has written a book about the history of railways in the subcontinent. 他写了本有关次大陆铁路发展史的书。

Word: barker
Front: barker
['bɑ:kə(r)] (24529/10224)
Vocabulary: barker
(once / 1328 pages)
1n 2n
A barker is a person whose job involves advertising a show or a circus, encouraging passing pedestrians to buy a ticket. A traveling carnival might employ a barker to describe its attractions.
A barker's job includes detailing the highlights of the show or fair he's trying to sell. An old-fashioned sideshow carnival barker might call to passers-by, describing the bearded lady or human pincushion inside. In the 15th century, a barker was a "noisy fellow," which became a "loud assistant or salesman" by the late 17th century. It comes from bark, from its Old English root beorcan, "to bark."
WORD FAMILY
barker: barkers+/ bark: barked, barker, barking, barks, barky, debark/debark: debarkation, debarked, debarking, debarks/debarkation: debarkations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Barker believes it’s time to assess how much it would cost to engage more men.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Deputy chief Andrew Barker will serve as the interim chief beginning Sunday, and the selection process for Sloggie’s replacement will begin next month.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s understandable why Rousey would be reluctant to play barker.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. （在娱乐场所门外）大声招徕顾客者，拉客者
分布：剥树皮工(52%)，剥树皮机(16%)，吠叫动物(16%)，大声叫卖者(16%)
US ['bɑ:r.kɚ] old-fashioned
noun countable
■a person who advertises an activity at a public event by calling out to people who are walking past 大声地招徕顾客的人
• a fairground/circus barker 露天市集／马戏团里大声吆喝招揽顾客的人
n. [木] 剥皮机；剥树皮工；杂耍、戏院前叫喊招揽观众的人
 - barking machine, debarker

Word: canton
Front: canton
[ˈkæntɒn] (23318/23213 -1)
Back: n. 州，行政区（尤指瑞士的州，法国的区）; （法国的）市区; [纹章]（徽章或旗子的）右上角的小方块部分
vt. 为…分配营房; 把…划分成州，把…划成行政区; [军]使驻扎; 分配营房给（部队等）
时态：cantoned, cantoning, cantons
分布：一些国家的行政区(100%)
→来自词根cant, 弯，转，角落，词源同decant, canteen. -on, 大词后缀。因瑞士多山而得名。
US [-tɑ:n] noun countable
■a political region or local government area in some countries, especially one of the 23 political regions into which Switzerland is divided （尤指瑞士的）小行政区，州
n. 行政区，州
 - district, state

Word: tracing
Front: tracing
[ˈtreɪsɪŋ] (19644/20976)
Back: n. 追踪; 追查; 描摹; 摹图
v. 描绘( trace的现在分词 ); 追溯; 发现; 跟踪
分布：追踪(91%)，描图(8%)，动词trace的现在分词.(1%)
noun countable
■a copy of a drawing or pattern made by drawing over it through a piece of thin transparent paper 描摹（图）
• He made a tracing of the picture. 他描摹了这幅画。
n. 追踪；追查；描摹；摹图；显迹
 - pursual
v. 追踪（trace的ing形式）
 - stalking

Word: barren
Front: barren
[ˈbærən] (研六托雅宝 8809/9656 -1)
Vocabulary: barren
(once / 396 pages)
1adjn 2adj
Drive through a forest that's just been destroyed by a fire, and you'll get an idea of what barren means — stripped of vegetation and devoid of life.
Not to be confused with a baron, a kind of nobleman, barren is often used to describe an area of land that lacks any signs of life. A barren wilderness is dry and empty, with no foliage or twittering birds to be found. An old-fashioned and unflattering word for a woman who is unable to have children is barren.
WORD FAMILY
barren: barrener, barrenly, barrenness, barrens+/barrenness: barrennesses, barrennesss
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They just sat there in silence, gazing at the barren canyon walls,” Mr. Lattin wrote in “The Harvard Psychedelic Club.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“It is because of those wars that we live like this on this barren land,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Lioness teaches the neighbor’s children to transmute armfuls of barren soil into flowers.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 贫瘠的; 不结果实的; 不孕的; 无价值的
n. 荒原，不毛之地
分布：贫瘠的(64%)，荒地(26%)，不育的(5%)，无效的(5%)
→词源不详，可能同bare, 裸露的，荒凉的。
a.贫瘠的;不育的;(植物)不结果的;无用的The desert is barren land.沙漠是贫瘠的土地.
【记】1）bar＝bare光光的－一无所有的－不毛的2）bar酒吧，ren人。泡吧的人。医学上有这种说法，过度饮酒和抽烟容易导致不孕。为了我们的下一代，请您注意身心健康。
【反】prolific（adj 多产的；大量繁殖的）
adjective
■unable to produce plants or fruit 贫瘠的；不毛的
• We drove through a barren, rocky landscape. 我们驾车时，经过一个到处都是岩石的不毛之地。
■literary
■unable to have babies 不妊的，不育的
■not productive 无成果的；无效果的
• She became very depressed during the barren years when she was unable to paint. 她在作品匮乏的那几年间，变得非常消沉。
Compare fertile
barren, naked, bald, bare
这组词都有“裸露的”的意思，其区别是：
barren: 着重缺少肥力或生活能力，无草无木，荒瘠不毛。
naked: 指全身一丝不挂，暴露无遗。
bald: 指头上无发，山坡无树无草，树顶无叶。
bare: 指缺少必要的遮盖物。用于人时，多指身体的部分裸露。
adj. 贫瘠的；不生育的；无益的；沉闷无趣的；空洞的
 - sterile, unprofitable
n. 荒地
 - waste, wilderness, abandoned land

Word: cohesive
Front: cohesive
[kəʊˈhi:sɪv] (研托宝 12919/12438 -1)
Vocabulary: cohesive
(once / 9908 pages)
adj
When the parts of the whole work or fit together well, they are cohesive, like a cohesive family whose members pitch in with everything from making dinner to painting the house.
The adjective cohesive comes from the Latin word cohaerere, or “to cleave together.” Cohesive things stick together, so they are unified. A cohesive neighborhood's members get together to plan things like block parties, and they work together to solve problems. A cohesive fitness plan would include menus and exercise routines designed to lose weight, build muscle, and so on.
WORD FAMILY
cohesive: cohesively, cohesiveness+/ cohere: cohered, coherence, coherency, coherent, coheres, cohering, cohesion, cohesive / coherence: coherences/coherency: coherencies/ coherent: coherently, incoherent / cohesion: cohesions/incoherence: incoherences/incoherency: incoherencies/ incoherent: incoherence, incoherency, incoherently
USAGE EXAMPLES
In lesser hands, that might add up to a distracting collage, but in Min’s and Day’s, the result is both dazzling and cohesive.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
“We want the old downtown to be able to compete and be cohesive with the new downtown,” Low said.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
They are a collection of high-profile names but are not always a cohesive unit.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 有黏着力的; 紧密结合的
分布：有结合性的(34%)，粘性的(33%)，有粘聚性的(33%)
a.粘合性的,有结合力的The members of the group remained remarkably cohesive.这个团体的成员始终十分团结.
US [koʊ-] formal
adjective
■united and working together effectively 有凝聚力的；团结的
• a cohesive group 有凝聚力的团体
• cohesive forces 凝聚力
adj. 有结合力的；紧密结合的；有粘着力的
 - combinative

Word: frosty
Front: frosty
[ˈfrɒsti] (14399/13903 -1)
Vocabulary: frosty
(once / 1420 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something that's frosty is covered with pale, icy frost. If you live in Vermont, your car windshield is probably frosty most winter mornings.
You can describe the weather as frosty when there's a sharp chill in the air, or you can use the word more literally, to mean "covered in frost," like your frosty front lawn. When a person is frosty, however, she's emotionally cold — haughty, aloof, or even unfriendly. Frosty comes from the Old English fyrstig, "as cold as frost."
WORD FAMILY
frosty: frostier, frostiest, frostily, frostiness+/ defrost: defrosted, defroster, defrosting, defrosts/defroster: defrosters/ frost: defrost, frosted, frosting, frosts, frosty /frosted: unfrosted/frosting: frostings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Robinson conveys a frosty allure as an enchantress who reduces men to messes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
THE PRESIDENT: Although a few got a…Frosty reception.
Time(Dec 24, 2016)
There are also nostalgic nods to classic Rankin and Bass animated holiday specials like “Frosty the Snowman.”
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 严寒的; 霜冻的; 冷淡的; 灰白的
级别：frostier, frostiest
分布：严寒的(34%)，霜冻的(33%)，冷若冰霜的(27%)，灰白色的(6%)
US ['frɑ:.sti] adjective
■very cold, with a thin layer of white ice covering everything 严寒的；霜冻的
• Be careful - the pavements are very frosty. 当心——路面上结了霜。
• It was a cold and frosty morning. 那是个天寒地冻的早晨。
■If someone or their behaviour is frosty, they are unfriendly and not welcoming （某人或其行为）冰冷的，冷淡的
• He gave me a frosty look. 他冷冷地看了我一眼。
• The chairperson's plan received a frosty reception from the committee. 委员会对主席的计划反应冷淡。
cool, icy, cold, chilly, freezing, frosty
这组词都有“冷、凉”的意思，其区别是：
cool: 指既不太热也不太冷。
icy: 多指风暴、风雪和水等冷得使人感到如刺如割。
cold: 最普通用词，强调缺乏温暖，使人不舒服。
chilly: 指使哆嗦的冷。
freezing: 指使人僵直，使东西凝固的冷。
frosty: 指雾气在寒冷物体的表面凝结成薄冰时的严寒结霜的温度。
adj. 结霜的，严寒的；冷淡的；灰白的
 - cold, grey, cutting, freezing

Word: extravagance
Front: extravagance
[ɪkˈstrævəgəns] (宝 17144/13942 -1)
Vocabulary: extravagance
(once / 772 pages)
n
Use the noun extravagance when you're talking about something that's over the top, especially when it comes to spending money. Ordering a $500 hamburger for dinner would be an extravagance.
Money is usually the subject when people talk about extravagance, although the word can also mean having too much of something, whether it's anger or flowery wallpaper. In Latin, the root word extravagari means "wander outside or beyond," and originally extravagance was used to describe something that was unusual — "wandering outside" the norm. It wasn't until the 1700s that the word became associated specifically with spending too much money.
WORD FAMILY
extravagance: extravagances+/extravagancy: extravagancies/ extravagant: extravagance, extravagancy, extravagantest, extravagantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Turntables seemed like a particular extravagance, since hardly anyone listened to records anymore.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“The majority of individuals everywhere . . . seem to associate happiness more with extravagance than with frugality.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The goal is to create extravagance and exclusivity for the select few, even if it stirs up resentment elsewhere.
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
Back: n. 奢侈，挥霍; 奢侈品; 过分（的事情）; 放纵的言行
分布：铺张浪费(67%)，奢侈品(18%)，富丽堂皇(15%)
【记】extra外，vag走，飘泊－在外飘泊不挣钱只花钱－奢侈
【参】extravagant（adj 奢侈浪费的；过分放纵的）＝profuse＝exorbitantvagrant（adj 流浪的n 流浪汉）；divagate（v 流浪；离题）
【反】frugality（n 节省；节俭）
noun
uncountable
■when you spend more money than you need to 奢侈，铺张
• I think she was shocked by my extravagance. 我想，我太铺张了，她一定感到很震惊。
countable
■something you buy which you do not need and which costs a lot of money 奢侈品，奢华物
• Perfume is my greatest extravagance. 香水是我最大的奢侈品。
n. 奢侈，浪费；过度；放肆的言行
 - luxury, waste, excess, dissipation

Word: dormitory
Front: dormitory
[ˈdɔ:mətri] (高四六托 10947/14248 -1)
Vocabulary: dormitory
(once / 1823 pages)
n
A dormitory is a building at a boarding school, college, or university where students live. Many students have roommates in a dormitory, and sometimes those roommates put up really cheesy posters of shirtless guys leaning on cars.
The word dormitory is from the Latin dormitorium for "sleeping place," and if you keep going back you get to dormire for "to sleep." A dormitory is where students who live at school sleep — well, it’s where their beds are anyway. Often the first time kids sleep away at school is when they go to college. There are often different dorms for freshman and older students. Dormitories are also called dorms, residence halls, and student residences.
WORD FAMILY
dormitory: dormitories
USAGE EXAMPLES
Visit an old mill town, a tired seaside resort or fishing port, a former coal-mining village, a faded dormitory settlement.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
The school alleged the construction team used a type of concrete slab that allowed twisting and shifting on multiple floors of the dormitory.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Employees on expat assignments in Germany in the mid-2000s recall Spartan living conditions at dormitories with shared bathrooms.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. （学校等的）宿舍; 集体寝室; （在市内工作的人的）郊外住宅区
adj. 住宅区的
分布：集体宿舍(100%)
→来自drem，睡觉，休息。
寝室,宿舍(dorm+itory表示场所)[dorm=sleep,表示"睡眠"]
宿舍(dormit睡眠)[-ory 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词,指场所等]
US ['dɔ:r.mə.tɔ:r-] (informal dorm)
noun countable
ROOM 房间 UK a large room containing many beds, especially in a boarding school or university （尤指寄宿学校或大学的）宿舍
UK ['dɔ:.mɪ.tər.i] US ['dɔ:r.mə.tɔ:r-] (informal dorm)
noun countable
BUILDING 建筑 US a large building at a college or university where students live （学院或大学的）学生宿舍楼
n. 宿舍，学生宿舍
 - lodging house, student hostel
adj. 住宅区的
 - uptown

Word: galvanise
Front: galvanise
['gælvənaɪz] (-/20490)
Back: vt. 用锌镀（铁）; 激起某人行动起来
时态：galvanised, galvanising, galvanises
分布：唤醒(50%)，电镀(25%)，通电流(25%)
vt. 激励；镀锌；通电流于（等于galvanize）
 - stimulate, power

Word: graveyard
Front: graveyard
[ˈgreɪvjɑ:d] (9979/9850 -1)
Back: n. 墓地
分布：墓地(99%)，废弃场地(1%)
US [-jɑ:rd] noun countable
■a place, often next to a church where dead people are buried 墓地；坟场
n. 墓地
 - cemetery, boneyard

Word: glitzy
Front: glitzy
[ˈɡlitsi] (18447/21903)
Back: adj. 闪光的，耀眼的; 眩目的
级别：glitzier, glitziest
分布：浮华的(64%)，闪耀的(36%)
adjective
■having a fashionable appearance intended to attract attention 时髦华丽的；富丽堂皇的；耀眼夺目的
• He celebrated his birthday at a glitzy party in Beverly Hills. 他在比华利山为自己举办了一个豪华铺张的生日派对。
adj. 眩目的；（美、加）闪光的；耀眼的
 - shot, flash

Word: jin
Front: jin
[dʒɪn] (-/47781)
Back: n. 神灵
分布：名词(100%)
n. （汉语）斤（重量单位）；神灵（等于jinni）
 - manitou, jinnee

Word: machination
Front: machination
[ˌmæʃɪˈneɪʃn] (宝 19441/19935)
Vocabulary: machination
(once / 3026 pages)
n
When a James Bond villain comes up with a plan to destroy the world, he doesn’t use a simple plan. No, he uses a machination — a complex plot that relies on numerous elements coming together to work.
Not surprisingly, machination derives from the Medieval French machina, meaning "machine." And, like many a machine, a machination is subject to going wrong, often comically (see James Bond movies). Politicians love a good machination, and their machinations are frequently exposed in the press as scandals.
WORD FAMILY
machination: machinations+/ machinate: machinated, machinates, machinating, machination, machinator/machinator: machinators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Whitehead created surreal versions of South and North Carolina that seem less and less surreal as the convoluted political machinations of today unfold.
Salon(Dec 21, 2016)
The Journal revealed the program’s brutal inner machinations 14 Decembers ago in the series “Against Their Will.”
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
He must reassure a battered agency workforce that the next administration values its own intelligence officers and is vigilant against machinations by foreign spies.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 阴谋，诡计
分布：阴谋(67%)，图谋(33%)
→来自拉丁语machinari,设计，策划，构思，词源同machine,mechanic.引申词义阴谋，诡计。
阴谋,策划(machine机器,引伸为操纵+ation→操纵→搞阴谋)[mach,mech=machine,表示"机器"]
n. 阴谋；诡计
 - scheme, designing, fraud, plot, conspiracy

Word: mash
Front: mash
[mæʃ] (宝 11940/18877 -1)
Vocabulary: mash
(once / 1559 pages)
1vn 2v
When you mash something, you crush it. You might, for example, mash a marshmallow by stepping on it.
Recipes for banana bread almost always include an instruction to mash some bananas — in other words, you need to squish and press on them until they no longer look like bananas. A bully might mash your carefully constructed sandcastle, crushing it down to the beach. The word mash seems to be related to mix, both probably rooted in the Proto-Indo-European meik, "to mix."
WORD FAMILY
mash: mashed, masher, mashes, mashing+/masher: mashers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The meal included traditional Thanksgiving fare such as turkey, ham, mashed potatoes, green beans and creamed corn.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Within the Pacific Ring of Fire, several tectonic plates mash and collide.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
Volunteers prepared the mashed potatoes, green beans and stuffing on site, at a commercial-grade facility.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 麦芽浆; 谷物饲料; 糊状物; 土豆泥
vt. 捣碎，磨碎; 捣成糊状的混和物; 〈俚〉调情，挑逗（异性）
时态：mashed, mashing, mashes
分布：麦芽浆(33%)，土豆泥(30%)，糊状物(17%)，调情(10%)，挑逗(5%)，把 ... 捣成糊状(5%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*maisk,来自meik,混合，搅拌，词源同mix.引申词义捣碎，使成糊状。
【记】原指：把麦芽或谷物调成麦芽浆读：妈湿，妈妈在弄湿的东西－麦芽浆－捣成糊状
【区】marsh（n 沼泽）
verb transitive
■to crush food, usually after cooking it, so that it forms a soft mass 将（食物）捣成泥状，把（食物）捣烂，捣碎
• Mash the potatoes and then mix in the butter and herbs. 将马铃薯捣成泥，然后拌入奶油和香草。
■mainly US informal
■to violently crush part of a body or an object 严重损毁
• His face was badly mashed up in the accident. 他的脸在意外中严重受伤变形。
[mæʃ] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] mash up sth
■to crush something, especially food 捣碎，压碎（尤指食物）
• He always mashes up his peas before he eats them. 他总是先将豌豆捣碎才吃。
[mæʃ] noun uncountable UK informal
■ mashed potatoes 马铃薯泥
• sausage and mash 香肠和马铃薯泥
n. 饲料；糊状物；麦芽浆
 - feed, paste
vt. 捣碎；调情
 - contuse, quash

Word: leafy
Front: leafy
[ˈli:fi] (10857/14215 -1)
Back: adj. 多叶的，叶茂的，多树木的
级别：leafier, leafiest
分布：多叶的(59%)，叶茂盛的(24%)，叶状的(17%)
→leaf,叶子，-y,形容词后缀。
adjective
■A leafy place is pleasant and has a lot of trees 绿树成阴的，浓阴的
• a leafy lane/suburb 绿树成阴的小巷／郊区
adj. 多叶的；叶状的；叶茂盛的
 - frondose, leavy

Word: madame
Front: madame
['mædəm] (中研 7424/5484)
Vocabulary: madame
(once / 73 pages)
n
Madame is the way to address a French woman, as in Madame Curie. It’s officially for married women, like Mrs. in English, but it’s often used for any exotic woman, married and French or not.
The title madame is sometimes used interchangeably with madam or ma'am, although usually the first one is intended for French-speakers. In Gustave Flaubert's novel Madame Bovary, the main character, Emma Bovary, is a married woman. Madame was originally used only to refer to or address women of high rank or royalty. In French, madame literally means "my lady."
WORD FAMILY
madame: madames, mesdames
USAGE EXAMPLES
Actor Tim Daly, who stars in Madame Secretary and campaigned for Clinton at rallies in Ohio, is the first listed host.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
She’s back on Broadway for the first time in 13 years — the first African-American actress to portray Madame Morrible in “Wicked” there.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
One of my favorite book experiences this year was rereading “Madame Bovary,” in the translation by Lydia Davis.
The New Yorker(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. <法>（用于已婚妇女姓名前的尊称）太太，夫人，女士
分布：夫人(100%)
n.(madam)夫人,太太,女士Madame Defarge was the implacable enemy of the Evremonde family.迪法太太是爱维利莫特家的死敌.
n. （法语）夫人；太太
 - Mrs, lady, wife, senora, Mrs.

Word: monolithic
Front: monolithic
[ˌmɒnə'lɪθɪk] (宝 14354/15247)
Vocabulary: monolithic
(once / 16742 pages)
adj
When something is monolithic it's big, and made of one thing. A large piece of stone jutting from the earth is a monolith, and Detroit's economy when it depended entirely on the auto industry was monolithic.
Broken into its roots mono and lithic, monolithic means simply "one stone." When monolithic is used to describe something societal — like a religion or an organization — it has a slightly negative connotation. This is because anything made up of different people with different beliefs and goals is unlikely to be able to maintain monolithic status for long without force or oppression.
WORD FAMILY
monolithic: monolithically
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is a community that is hardly monolithic.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Movie executives tend to view the Christian audience as monolithic.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
But the immigrant reactions to this foreign culture are not monolithic, ranging from an eagerness to assimilate to a desperate need to return home.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 独块巨石的; 整体的; 庞大的
分布：整体的(60%)，单体的(23%)，独石的(17%)
US [ˌmɑ:.nə-] adjective disapproving
■too large, too regular or without interesting differences, and unwilling or unable to be changed 庞大的；大一统的
• monolithic state-run organizations 庞大的国营机构
adj. [建] 整体的；巨石的，庞大的；完全统一的
 - enormous, huge, integral, holistic

Word: nappy
Front: nappy
[ˈnæpi] (25775/10336 -1)
Back: n. 尿布; 〈英〉啤酒
adj. 起毛的，起绒的; 柔软的; （啤酒）起泡沫的
分布：尿布(68%)，绒毛的(8%)，卷曲的(8%)，平底浅盘(8%)，啤酒(8%)
→缩写自napkin,餐巾布。用于指婴儿尿布。
['næp.i] UK (US diaper)
noun countable
■a square of thick soft paper or cloth which is fastened around a baby's bottom and between its legs to absorb its urine and solid waste 尿布
• disposable/reusable nappies 即弃／可重复使用的尿布
• nappy cream 护臀霜
• She was changing the baby's nappy. 她正为婴儿换尿布。
• I knew William when he was still in nappies (= when he was a baby). 威廉还穿尿布的时候，我就认识他了。
n. 尿布
 - didy, diaper
adj. 起毛的
 - sueded, cottony

Word: popularly
Front: popularly
[ˈpɒpjələli] (16423/15102 -1)
Back: adv. 一般地，广泛地，大众地，通俗地; “popular”的派生
分布：通俗地(34%)，普遍地(26%)，大众地(20%)，一般地(20%)
ADV-GRADED
（相对于正式名称）通俗地，一般地
If something or someone is popularly known as something, most people call them that, although it is not their official name or title.
例：...the Mesozoic era, more popularly known as the age of dinosaurs.中生代，即一般所称的恐龙时代
例：...an infection popularly called mad cow disease.俗称疯牛病的传染病
ADV
普遍地；广泛地
If something is popularly believed or supposed to be the case, most people believe or suppose it to be the case, although it may not be true.
例：Schizophrenia is not a 'split mind' as is popularly believed...精神分裂症并非人们普遍认为的那样是“分裂的精神”。
例：She possessed the vibrant personality that is so often popularly associated with Spanish women.她拥有通常会令人联想到西班牙女性的火热个性。
ADV
由民众；由人民
A popularly elected leader or government has been elected by a majority of the people in a country.
例：Walesa was Poland's first popularly elected President.瓦文萨是波兰第一任民选总统。
adv. 流行地；通俗地；普及地；大众地
 - prevalently, vulgarly

Word: prowl
Front: prowl
[praʊl] (宝 13118/15354 -1)
Vocabulary: prowl
(once / 1062 pages)
1vn 2v
If you move stealthily — like you're looking for something to prey on — then you prowl. Your cat might prowl around the room and pounce on your feet, which is cute if you're awake, but annoying when you're asleep.
The noun prowl means the act of moving as if to capture prey. You could take a prowl through the music shop and try to find your favorite vintage album. Prowl is also used in the phrase "on the prowl," which implies that the person doing the prowling is looking for a romantic partner. Your idea of a fun Saturday night might be staying home while your friends go on the prowl at the dance club.
WORD FAMILY
prowl: prowled, prowler, prowling, prowls+/prowler: prowlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Purring jaguars prowled about our tents at night along with other unseen beasts.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
More than 100,000 cheetahs prowled Africa's arid grasslands little more than a century ago.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
I welcomed the year 2016 in Cuba, where my family and I and spent New Year’s Eve prowling the streets of Havana.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vi. 小心翼翼地移动; 徘徊
vt. （动物）潜行（为捕猎等）; 潜行（图谋不轨等）; （因无聊、焦躁等）徘徊
n. （动物）悄然潜行（以觅食）; 人)（人为抓捕或行窃等）悄悄巡行以寻找
时态：prowled, prowling, prowls
分布：徘徊(65%)，潜行(17%)，悄悄踱步(7%)，窥伺(5%)，潜行以觅食(3%)，逡巡于(3%)
→来自中古英语prollen,潜行，词源不详。来自per,向前，词源同forth.
【记】pro前，owl（n 猫头鹰）晚上无声飞行觅食的动物－偷偷找
verb intransitive or transitive
■to move around quietly in a place trying not to be seen or heard, such as when hunting （打猎等时）悄悄来回游走（于），潜行，逡巡
• There have been reports of a masked man prowling in the neighbourhood. 有人报告说有一个蒙面人在附近出没。
• At night, adult scorpions prowl the desert for (= trying to catch) insects. 在夜晚，成年蝎子在沙漠里潜行觅食昆虫。
• informal Unable to sleep, he prowled (= walked without purpose) (about/around) the hotel corridors. 他睡不着，就在旅馆的走廊上徘徊。
[praʊl] noun
be on the prowl
■to be moving around quietly in a place trying not to be seen or heard 悄然潜行
• There was a fox on the prowl earlier. 早些时候有只狐狸出没于此。
vi. 徘徊，潜行
 - hang about, wander about
n. 徘徊，潜行；悄悄踱步
 - spinning around

Word: pomp
Front: pomp
[pɒmp] (19964/18722 -1)
Vocabulary: pomp
(once / 430 pages)
n
Pomp is a ceremonial display, such as you'd find at the Independence Day parade in your town, where brass bands and men and women in full military dress march to patriotic songs, while citizens wave flags and cheer.
Graduation ceremonies–-with gowns, invocations, speeches, and the ceremonial conferring of degrees––are full of pomp. In fact, graduates traditionally march to a tune called "Pomp and Circumstance." Pomp used to be much more closely linked to the word pompous, or self-important, than it is now––an archaic meaning of pomp is over the top, ostentatious or vain.
WORD FAMILY
pomp: pompous, pomps+/ pomposity: pomposities/ pompous: pomposity, pompously, pompousness, unpompous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Grill for about five minutes until golden and bubbling, then serve up with some pomp and ceremony as sprout gratin.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Elle was predicted to be nothing but a curio, tagged on to the end of a festival filled with more obvious surface-level substance and pomp.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
The ceremony will lack much of the pomp and optimism of the original signing in the colonial city of Cartagena on 26 September.
The Guardian(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 盛况，盛大的仪式; 壮丽，壮观; 虚荣，浮华; 夸耀，炫耀
分布：壮丽(51%)，夸耀(38%)，盛观(11%)
→来自古法语pompe,盛况，盛典，壮观的仪式，来自拉丁语pompa,游行，行列，来自希腊语pompe,庄严的仪式，行列，古希腊时期的重要节日，如祭祀酒神Dionysus,来自pempein,派遣，送出，行进。后词义贬义化为炫耀，展示，讲排场等。
US [pɑ:mp] noun uncountable
■splendid and colourful ceremony, especially traditional ceremony on public occasions 典礼，盛典，盛况；（尤指）传统庆典
• The Prime Minister was received with all the traditional pomp and ceremony that is laid on for visiting heads of government. 首相受到政府首领的礼遇接待，全套传统隆重仪式。
• Despite all the pomp of his office/position, he has only limited powers. 他尽管职位显赫，权力却很有限。
pomp and circumstance
■formal ceremony 正式庆典，隆重仪式
• After two hours of pomp and circumstance, the diplomas were awarded and the audience went wild. 两小时的隆重仪式过后，颁发了毕业文凭，观众们疯狂起来。
n. 盛况；浮华；壮丽；夸耀
 - vanity, splendor

Word: quarry
Front: quarry
[ˈkwɒri] (托雅宝 9794/4807 -1)
Vocabulary: quarry
(once / 790 pages)
1n 2nv
Both meanings of quarry have to do with going after something. An animal being hunted is called quarry, and when you dig a hole in the earth looking for rocks, both the digging and the hole are called quarry as well.
Gross fact: Quarry derives from the Latin cor "heart," because hunters used to drape the entrails of their chosen quarry on their dogs' backs. The origin in a word for "heart" can help you remember both quarries: a rock quarry is searching down toward the heart of the earth; a stag's heart is considered a hunter's greatest prize.
WORD FAMILY
quarry: quarried, quarrier, quarries, quarrying+/quarrier: quarriers/quarrying: quarryings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the 19th century, pastoral windmills were replaced with tanneries, limestone quarries, and dye works.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Police say her vehicle was discovered Sunday at Dorset Quarry.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Police say her vehicle was discovered Sunday at Dorset Quarry next to Vermont Route 30 on Sunday.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 采石场; 猎物; 正方形，菱形; 来源
vt. 挖出; 努力挖掘
vi. 费力地找
时态：quarried, quarrying, quarries
分布：采石场(73%)，挖出(11%)，来源(8%)，苦心找出(4%)，猎获物(2%)，被追逐的目标(2%)
→来自拉丁语quadrare,给石头打磨，使成（四）方形，词源同four,square,quarter.引申词义石头打磨声，采石场。quarry 猎物
采石场(quar采石,来自aquare创始人)[-ry表名词,通常放在一个完整的单词后面1.表示"状态,性质"2.表示"行业,学科"3.表示集合名词4.表示"场地"]
【记】为了quarry，大家会quarrel（n /v 吵架）
US ['kwɔ:r-] noun
HOLE 坑
countable
■a large artificial hole in the ground where stone, sand, etc. is dug for use as building material 采石场
• a granite/limestone/marble/slate quarry 花岗岩/石灰岩/大理石/板岩的采石场
UK ['kwɒr.i] US ['kwɔ:r-] noun
HUNTED 被猎捕的
only singular
■a person or animal being hunted or looked for 猎取的目标；猎物；追捕的对象
• The dogs pursued their quarry into an empty warehouse. 那几只狗追逐着猎物进了一个空置的仓库。
UK ['kwɒr.i] US ['kwɔ:r-] verb transitive
■to dig stone, etc. from a quarry 采石
n. [矿业] 采石场；猎物；来源
 - source, provenience
vt. 挖出；努力挖掘
 - dig up, scoop out

Word: scribble
Front: scribble
[ˈskrɪbl] (托宝 9854/10182 -1)
Vocabulary: scribble
(once / 1341 pages)
vn
To scribble is to write something quickly and sloppily. You can also call someone's handwriting, if it's hard to read, a scribble.
Have you ever made a note of something very quickly, and then later when you tried to read it, you couldn't? That's a scribble. People scribble when they need to write fast. The problem with scribbling—-making a scribble-—is that it’s hard to read. Some people have handwriting that is always hard to read: you can call poor handwriting a scribble. Doctors are famous for their scribbles. The Latin root is scribere, "to write."
WORD FAMILY
scribble: scribbled, scribbler, scribbles, scribbling+/scribbler: scribblers
USAGE EXAMPLES
But this time, Plum was scribbling on posters and a little girl’s jersey nearly an hour after the game.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
This happens often, but instead of just audio, Jarmusch scribbles Paterson’s verses across the screen, daring us to really consider the words.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
His name is scribbled in child’s writing on a light switch in the bedroom he and his mother shared.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 潦草地书写; 乱写，胡写; 滥写（文学作品等）; [印，纺]粗梳
n. 潦草书写; 乱写; 拙劣文字; 粗制滥造的文章
vi. 乱写，乱涂
时态：scribbled, scribbling, scribbles
分布：乱写(58%)，潦草地书写(21%)，潦草的写法(21%)
→来自 scribe,写，-le,表反复。引申词义乱写，乱画。
乱写,涂鸦(scrib+ble→写→乱写)[scrib,script=write,表示"写"]
【记】scribb＝scribe（v 写），le乐－一边写一边乐－乱写
verb intransitive
■to write or draw something quickly or carelessly 匆匆地写；乱涂乱画
• The baby's just scribbled all over my new dictionary! 这个孩子刚才在我的新词典上乱涂乱画！
• [+ two objects] I'll just scribble Dad a note/scribble a note to Dad to say we're going out. 我得写张纸条给爸爸，告诉他我们出去了。
['skrɪb.l] noun countable or uncountable
■a careless piece of writing or drawing 乱写；涂鸦
• What are all these scribbles doing on the wallpaper? 墙纸上这些乱涂的东西是干甚么用的？
• I hope you can read my scribble! 我希望你能看懂我的潦草字迹！
vi. 乱写；乱涂
 - scrawl

Word: religionist
Front: religionist
[rɪ'lɪdʒənɪst] (33334/-)
Back: n. 宗教家，宗教狂热者
分布：宗教家(64%)，宗教狂热者(36%)

Word: rooftop
Front: rooftop
[ˈru:ftɒp] (8587/15146 -1)
Back: n. 屋顶
分布：屋顶(100%)
US [-tɑ:p] noun countable usually plural
■the outside surface of the roof of a building 屋顶；外屋顶
• a magnificent view of the rooftops 屋顶鳞次栉比的壮观景色
• Police marksmen with rifles were stationed on the rooftops. 屋顶上布置了手持步枪的警队狙击手。
UK ['ru:f.tɒp] US [-tɑ:p] noun countable usually plural
shout/proclaim sth from the rooftops
■to say something publicly 公开宣布；公开谈论
• I'm so in love I want to shout your name from the rooftops. 我太爱你了，真想对整个世界大喊你的名字。
n. 屋顶
 - housetop

Word: timidity
Front: timidity
[tɪ'mɪdətɪ] (托雅宝 22528/32617)
Vocabulary: timidity
(once / 1467 pages)
n
Do you suffer from timidity? If so, you probably feel uneasy in new places and situations. You might fear having to make decisions. But as you get more comfortable, your timidity will go away.
The noun timidity is related to the Latin word timidus, from timere, meaning “to fear.” In fact, fear is often a cause of timidity — fear of the unknown, fear of not knowing what to do. For example, you might experience timidity in visiting a country for the first time because you aren't sure of the local customs or you don't speak the language well. Because you are afraid of embarrassing yourself, you hold back.
WORD FAMILY
timidity: timidities+/ timid: timider, timidest, timidity, timidly, timidness
USAGE EXAMPLES
His anger was also aimed at the timidity of Labour politicians and the party’s record in office.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
The timidity of Mr. Gentiloni’s platform reflects how little political capital the new premier enjoys.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Her whole personality was the opposite of reticent, and timidity was a stranger to her.
Seattle Times(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. 胆怯，羞怯
分布：胆怯(53%)，胆小(27%)，羞怯(20%)
胆怯;胆小(timid胆怯的+ity)[tim=fear,表示"害怕"]
【反】effrontery（n 厚颜无耻的行为）
n. 胆怯，胆小；羞怯
 - cowardliness, timorousness

Word: validity
Front: validity
[vəˈlɪdəti] (六托雅 4542/4628)
Vocabulary: validity
(once / 1749 pages)
n
When you test something's validity, you see if it holds true. Are these really the best chocolate chip cookies in the world? You might enjoy testing the validity of this statement.
The noun validity means genuine or authentic, but it also has a legal meaning: having legal force. Your family asked the judge to determine the validity of your grandfather's will because they weren't sure he was legally allowed to leave all his worldly goods to "the little green men from Mars." Related words include the adjective "valid" and its antonym "invalid," as well as the verb "validate."
WORD FAMILY
validity: validities+/ invalid: invalided, invaliding, invalidism, invalidity, invalidly, invalidness, invalids/ invalidate: invalidated, invalidates, invalidating, invalidation/invalidation: invalidations/invalidism: invalidisms/invalidity: invalidities/ valid: invalid, validate, valider, validity, validly, validness/ validate: invalidate, validated, validates, validating, validation, validatory/ validation: validations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Maduro was forced to modify his fiat, extending the currency’s validity to Jan. 2 and reopening the borders.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
But as Cohen acknowledges, “the community is definitely polarized” over the validity of these ideas.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Reuters confirmed the validity of the video with two senior Taliban figures based in Afghanistan.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 有效，合法性; 效力; 正确，正当; 正确性
分布：有效性(78%)，正确性(18%)，合法性(4%)
N-UNCOUNT
正当(性);正确(性)；可信(性)
The validity of something such as a result or a piece of information is whether it can be trusted or believed.
例：Shocked by the results of the elections, they now want to challenge the validity of the vote...选举结果令他们很震惊，他们现在要对选举的可信性提出质疑。
例：Some people, of course, denied the validity of any such claim.当然，一些人否定了此类说法的合理性。
effect, validity, influence, efficiency
effect: 指某人或某事的影响产生特殊“效果”
validity: 有效性，合法性
influence: 强调“潜移默化”的影响
efficiency: 效率
n. [计] [数] 有效性；正确；正确性
 - availability, right

Word: vandalism
Front: vandalism
[ˈvændəlɪzəm] (宝 14225/11588 -1)
Vocabulary: vandalism
(once / 8214 pages)
n
Vandalism is the destruction of someone else's property. Some people think of graffiti as public art, while others dismiss it as nothing but vandalism.
If you damage public or private property on purpose, you've committed the crime of vandalism. The range of vandalism can vary from carving your initials in a desk at school to tearing pages out of a library book to breaking windows of a building. The word vandal comes from the Vandals, the Germanic tribe that attacked Rome in 455. The tribe's name meant "wanderer," but the word vandal was used in the 1600s to mean "destroyer of what is beautiful."
WORD FAMILY
vandalism: vandalisms+/ vandal: vandalise, vandalism, vandalize, vandals/vandalize: vandalized, vandalizes, vandalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s also unusual for so many vandalism incidents to be clustered together in the same are during the same time, he said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The White House and conservationists said both sites were at risk of looting and vandalism.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Police believe the vandalism was gang-related because of the graffiti left on the walls.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 故意破坏，捣毁
分布：名词(100%)
→来自vandal,破坏公物者。
noun uncountable
■the crime of intentionally damaging property belonging to other people 恣意毁坏他人财产罪
• Beset by drug problems, prostitution, violence and vandalism, this is one of the most unpleasant areas in the city. 这里充斥着吸毒、卖淫、暴力和蓄意破坏公物行为，是本市最乱的地区之一。
• These schools are known to be vulnerable to vandalism. 众所周知，这些学校的公共财物经常遭到蓄意破坏。
■any activity that is considered to be damaging or destroying something that was good （对好事物的）糟蹋
• Cutting down the old forest was an act of vandalism. 砍伐那片老林子是一种暴殄天物的行为。
• The advertising industry's use of classic songs is vandalism of popular culture, he said. 他说，广告业利用经典歌曲是对大众文化的糟蹋。

Word: absorption
Front: absorption
[əbˈsɔ:pʃn] (六托 8596/5819)
Vocabulary: absorption
(once / 1310 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
Absorption describes the process of absorbing or soaking up something: Sponges are good at water absorption; dark colors are better for heat absorption.
Because the words absorption and absorb are so closely related, there's a tendency for people to try to spell absorption with a second B instead of a P, but don't fall for it. Remembering the correct spelling is going to take total absorption in studying — meaning you'll have to be totally focused and occupied with learning it.
WORD FAMILY
absorption: absorptions, self-absorption+/ absorb: absorbable, absorbate, absorbed, absorbent, absorber, absorbing, absorbs, absorption, absorptive, reabsorb/absorbed: absorbedly, self-absorbed/absorbency: nonabsorbency/absorbent: absorbency, absorbents, nonabsorbent/absorber: absorbers/absorbing: absorbingly/ absorptive: absorptivity, nonabsorptive/reabsorb: reabsorbed, reabsorbing, reabsorbs, reabsorption
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Yoshoku” is the term used to describe the absorption of American and European dishes into Japanese cuisine.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Absorption in a state of distraction, the default mode in the digital era, is both method and message.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
B12 deficiency is also more common in the elderly because of dietary, digestive and absorption problems.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 吸收; 专注; 合并
分布：合并(82%)，同化(18%)
US [-'zɔ:rp-] noun uncountable
TAKING IN 吸收
■the process of taking something into another substance 吸收
• Some poisonous gases can enter the body by absorption through the skin. 一些有毒气体可以透过皮肤吸收进入体内。
UK [əb'zɔ:p.ʃən] US [-'zɔ:rp-] noun uncountable
INTEREST VERY MUCH 很有兴趣
■complete interest in something 着迷，全神贯注
• Her absorption in her work is so great that she thinks about nothing else. 她工作专心致志，心无旁骛。
⇒ See also self-absorption
n. 吸收；全神贯注，专心致志
 - merger, assimilation

Word: vibration
Front: vibration
[vaɪˈbreɪʃn] (四六托 7418/6691)
Vocabulary: vibration
(once / 895 pages)
n
A vibration is a shaking motion. If you feel a strong vibration in your car every time you step on the brakes, it might be a good idea to take it to a mechanic.
You might feel a vibration in your floor when your neighbor is playing his music too loudly, and you'll know a thunderstorm is approaching when you feel the vibration of your trembling dog at your side. The rapid back and forth movement or quivering of an electric toothbrush or a mild earthquake is a vibration. The Latin vibratus, "move quickly to and fro" is the root word.
WORD FAMILY
vibration: vibrational, vibrations+/ vibrancy: vibrancies/ vibrate: vibrancy, vibrated, vibrates, vibrating, vibration, vibrator, vibratory/vibrator: vibrators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Chief among them is a re-entry vehicle capable of withstanding extremes of temperature and vibration.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The German butcher at 86th and Second Avenue complained that pickle jars were falling off the shelves from the vibrations of the construction.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Proof, residents say, that the new rail cars are the source of the increase in sound and vibration.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 摆动; 震动; 感受; （偏离平衡位置的）一次性往复振动
分布：震动(80%)，颤动(20%)
振动,摇动[vibr=swing,表示"摇摆"]
【参】vibrate（v 使振动）
noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■continuous quick, slight shaking movement 持续振动；轻微抖动
• Vibrations were felt hundreds of miles from the centre of the earthquake. 距震中数百哩范围内都有震感。
• Aircraft manufacturers want to reduce vibration for the sake of safety. 飞机制造商出于安全的考虑而想要减轻震动。
n. [力] 振动；犹豫；心灵感应
 - oscillation, hesitation

Word: beguile
Front: beguile
[bɪˈgaɪl] (托宝 25475/22522)
Vocabulary: beguile
(once / 1103 pages)
v
To beguile is to trick someone, either with deception or with irresistible charm and beauty. You could be beguiled by a super model or by a super con artist.
Beguile doesn't always mean that the person or thing beguiling is tricking you, but there is a sense with this word of enchantment that takes away the viewer's normal powers of judgment. A beautiful place or idea can beguile as easily as a person. You might be so beguiled by the idea of a picnic on the beach that you forgot there are two feet of snow on the ground.
WORD FAMILY
beguile: beguiled, beguilement, beguiler, beguiles, beguiling +/beguilement: beguilements/beguiler: beguilers/ beguiling: beguilingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
A beguiling mystery in an exotic setting, from the best-selling author of “The Historian.”
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
It is a wild, isolated and beguiling place.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s easy to become beguiled by the quirky stories of these often disputed oddments of land.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 欺骗; 使陶醉; 使高兴; 消磨（时间等）
时态：beguiled, beguiling, beguiles
分布：消磨(43%)，诱骗(29%)，哄(17%)，使陶醉(11%)
→前缀be-, 强调。guile, 欺骗。
欺骗(be+guile欺骗)[be-①构成动词"使…成为"②构成一些介词]
【参】guile（n 狡诈，诡计）；beguiling（adj 欺骗的）
[bɪ'gaɪl] literary
verb transitive
■to persuade, attract or interest, sometimes in order to deceive 使陶醉；使着迷；哄骗
• He was completely beguiled by her beauty. 他完全被她的美貌给迷住了。
• The salesman beguiled him into buying a car he didn't want. 推销员哄骗他买下了一辆他并不需要的汽车。
vt. 欺骗；使着迷；轻松地消磨
 - sell, fox, kid

Word: cannes
Front: cannes
[kæn] (-/15999)
Back: 戛纳（法国东南部港市）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: bellow
Front: bellow
[ˈbeləʊ] (12281/10691 -1)
Vocabulary: bellow
(once / 722 pages)
vn
To bellow is to shout in a deep, angry voice. If you constantly bellow at other drivers on the road, consider signing up for anger management classes.
Bellow comes from Middle English, and means "to roar like a bull." A cow's deep moo is called a low, so bellow just adds a big angry bull to the standard moo. We use bellow for human speech that has that angry power of a loud bovine, or for any loud, threatening noise. It can be a noun, as in the bellow of the thundercloud, or a verb, as when you bellow at your kid brother.
WORD FAMILY
bellow: bellowed, bellower, bellowing, bellows +/bellower: bellowers/bellowing: bellowings/ bellows: bellowses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Efforts to connect the war to fears of masculine inadequacy seem now almost as comical as Bellows’s work is macabre.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
She whinnys for him if he’s not nearby and he bellows back for her.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
“Britain’s last Remaining hope”, bellows a headline on the Politico website.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vi. 发出吼叫声，咆哮（尤指因痛苦）
vt. & vi. 大声喝道，大叫，出大而有力的声音
n. 吼叫声，轰鸣声
时态：bellowed, bellowing, bellows
分布：吼叫(67%)，吼叫声(22%)，大声喝道(11%)
→来自PIE *bhel-(3), 发声，怒吼，拟声词，同bell.
US [-oʊ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to shout in a loud voice, or (of a cow or large animal) to make a loud, deep sound 吼叫；（牛等）发出低沉的吼叫声
• [+ speech] "Keep quiet!" the headmaster bellowed across the room. “安静！”校长向屋子里的人大声吼道。
• We could hear the sergeant bellowing commands to his troops. 我们听见中士正向他的士兵大声发布命令。
vt. 大声喊叫；大声发出
 - shout at sb., burst out
vi. 吼叫；怒吼；咆哮
 - gnar, huff and puff

Word: bloodbath
Front: bloodbath
[ˈblʌdbɑ:θ] (22749/33810)
Back: n. 大屠杀
分布：大屠杀(100%)
US [-bæθ] noun only singular
■an extremely violent event in which a great number of people are killed 血洗，大屠杀
• Is there nothing that the outside world can do to prevent a bloodbath? 外界难道就不能采取任何行动来阻止大屠杀吗？
n. 大屠杀
 - holocaust, shoah

Word: funk
Front: funk
[fʌŋk] (13330/27484 -1)
Vocabulary: funk
(once / 4145 pages)
1n 2n 3v
If you're in a funk, it means that you've been feeling sad. You might be in a serious funk after your best friend moves across the country.
One way to use funk is to mean "blues" or "depression." Everyone's in a funk sometimes — for some people, the shorter, darker winter days automatically put them in a bit of a funk. Funk also refers to a bluesy kind of music with a strong underlying bass rhythm. It comes from funky, which means "stinky" or "musty smelling," from the French funkière, "smoke." In African American music, funky became a compliment, a description of soulful, earthy music — like funk itself.
WORD FAMILY
funk: funked, funking, funks, funky +/ funky: funkier, funkiest
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then the Giants’ offense fell into a familiar funk, failing to remain on the field long enough to rest an overtaxed defense.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
We enter Studio A, where Prince in the 1980s pioneered the Minneapolis Sound, a synthesizer-based brand of funk.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
There’s not much reason to think Los Angeles will shake its offensive funk in the finale, but Fassel remains hopeful.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 惊恐; 沮丧; 懦夫
vt. （因恐惧）避开（某事物）; 害怕; 使闻到刺鼻的味道
vi. 畏缩; 发出刺鼻臭味
时态：funked, funking, funks
分布：恐惧(80%)，乡土音乐(12%)，懦夫(8%)
→来自拉丁语fumigare, 烟熏，臭气，难闻，词源同fumigate. 该词最初是白人用来指黑人身上的味道。后来黑人音乐家用该词来形容他们的爵士风格，随着爵士乐的流行，逐渐赋予该词更多的褒义色彩。恐慌，懦夫义据说来自牛津大学俚语，来自难闻的烟臭味。
noun uncountable
■a style of music, usually for dancing to, with a strong rhythm based on jazz and a tune that repeats itself 乡土爵士乐，放克
• James Brown is the master of funk. 詹姆斯‧布朗是乡土爵士乐的大师。
[fʌŋk] noun uncountable
be in a funk US informal
■to be very unhappy and without hope 消沉；沮丧
• He's been in a real funk since she left him. 自从她离开他之后，他变得很消沉。
n. 恐惧；怯懦；恐怖；臭味
 - fear, terror, smell
vt. 害怕；畏缩；使闻到臭味
 - be nervous of, be afraid to
vi. 惊恐；畏缩；发出臭味
 - recoil from, shrink back from

Word: dissect
Front: dissect
[dɪˈsekt] (托宝 11844/14034 -1)
Vocabulary: dissect
(once / 1552 pages)
v
When you dissect a frog in science class, you cut it open to look at its inner organs. To dissect is to break something down to look at its parts.
Dissecting something allows you to look at it closely and understand it better. If your soccer team loses a match, you might want to dissect the game afterward to try to find exactly how and when things went wrong. Television analysts will often dissect a political speech to understand what was really being said, how true the statements were, and how well it was done.
WORD FAMILY
dissect: dissected, dissecting, dissection, dissects+/ dissection: dissections
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are many ways of dissecting the Brexit vote, but the starkest is by income.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
McSorley led Penn State’s 21-point comeback against Wisconsin in the Big Ten Conference title game by dissecting the Badgers’ secondary in the second half.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
When the frogs are dissected, they gloop and glop, their bellies splayed open and their impressive viscera sproinging this way and that.
The New Yorker(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 解剖; 仔细分析
vi. 进行解剖，进行详细分析
时态：dissected, dissecting, dissects
分布：解剖(72%)，详细分析(12%)，切细(8%)，仔细研究(8%)
→dis-, 分开。-sect, 剪，切，词源同section, segment.即解开，引申词义解剖。
解剖,切开(dis分开+sect→分开切→解剖)[Sect,seg=cut,divide,表示"切,割"]
【记】dis分开，sect切－分开切－解剖dis分开，sect（n 宗派；部分）－把人分成部分－解剖
【参】dissection（n 解剖）＝analysis＝
verb transitive
■to cut open something, especially a dead body or a plant, and study its structure 解剖（尤指尸体或植物）
• In biology classes at school we used to dissect rats. 上学的时候，在生物课上我们经常解剖老鼠。
■to examine or consider something in detail 剖析，仔细分析
• He's the sort of person who watches a film and then dissects it for hours. 他是那种看完电影还要仔细分析上好几个小时的人。
vt. 切细；仔细分析
 - chop up, anatomize

Word: galactic
Front: galactic
[gəˈlæktɪk] (11715/26513)
Vocabulary: galactic
(once / 9769 pages)
1adj 2adj
Galactic things relate to a galaxy, a complex system of stars, especially the one in which we live. The very middle of our galaxy can be called the galactic center.
When something's described as galactic, it usually has something to do with astronomy. The adjective is good for talking about the characteristics of our galaxy, or specifying that something exists within our galaxy. Galactic can also be used informally to simply mean huge: "Did you see the size of their house? It's galactic!" The word, along with galaxy, comes from the Greek phrase galaxias kyklos, "milky circle."
WORD FAMILY
galactic: galactically, intergalactic +/ galaxy: galactic, galaxies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Call it moviegoers hungry for a sassy robot and some daring acts of galactic rebellion.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
She revisited the role as the leader of a galactic rebellion in three sequels, including last year’s Star Wars: The Force Awakens.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
With the Death Star undergoing its final quality assurance tests, the evil Galactic Empire is very much in the ascendant.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 银河的
分布：星系的(38%)，银河系的(33%)，巨大的(19%)，乳汁的(10%)
→来自galaxy, 银河系。拼写比较climax, climactic.
adjective
■relating to the Galaxy or other galaxies 银河的；星系的
• inter-galactic travel 星系间的旅游
adj. 银河的；乳汁的
 - lactic

Word: craftsman
Front: craftsman
[ˈkrɑ:ftsmən] (10938/6128 -1)
Back: n. 工匠; 手艺人; 名匠; 技工
分布：工匠(79%)，手艺人(12%)，技工(9%)
US ['kræfts-] noun countable
■a person who is skilled in a particular craft 工匠，匠人；手艺人
• The plates are hand painted by our finest craftsmen. 这些碟子是由我们最优秀的工匠手工绘制的。
n. [劳经] 工匠；手艺人；技工
 - workman, artisan

Word: glorify
Front: glorify
[ˈglɔ:rɪfaɪ] (六托宝 13582/18869 -1)
Vocabulary: glorify
(once / 713 pages)
v
To glorify is to praise or honor something or someone to an extreme degree.
If you like someone, you might compliment or praise them, but glorifying takes that a step further. When something is glorified, it is praised to the highest degree possible. It seems right that great people like Martin Luther King and Gandhi are glorified. It can seem odd when athletes are glorified just for playing a game. Often this word is used in a negative sense. For example, a movie with lots of explosions could be said "to glorify violence."
WORD FAMILY
glorify: glorification, glorified, glorifies, glorifying+/glorification: glorifications/ glorious: gloriousest, gloriously, inglorious / glory: gloried, glories, glorify, glorious, glorying/ inglorious: ingloriously
USAGE EXAMPLES
The exhibits, divided into seven critical days in the decade, do not attempt to glorify that time or its protagonists.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
“In class we never talked about the 4th of June, freedom or human rights, and instead put the focus on glorifying Chinese history.”
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
More than glorifying or condemning violence, the image simply inures us to these daily horrors.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 赞美; 颂扬; 美化; 使更壮丽
时态：glorified, glorifying, glorifies
分布：美化(61%)，赞美(39%)
【参】glorification（n 赞颂）
US ['glɔ:r.ɪ-] verb transitive
■to praise and honour God or a person 赞美，颂扬，崇拜（上帝或人）
• There are 99 prayer beads - one for each way Allah can be glorified in the Koran. 有99颗念珠，每一颗都代表着真主的一大功德，每种功德都在《可兰经》中留下了浓墨重彩的一笔。
• A statue was erected to glorify the country's national heroes. 他们竖立了一座雕像来颂扬该国的民族英雄。
■to make something seem splendid or excellent, often when it is really not 吹捧；吹嘘；美化
• I didn't like the way the film glorified war/violence. 我不喜欢那部电影美化战争／暴力的手法。
• informal My word processor's really just a glorified typewriter. 我那个玩意美其名曰文字处理机，可极其量也只是部打字机。
vt. 赞美；美化；崇拜（神）；使更壮丽
 - praise, celebrate, bless, worship, admire

Word: idiot
Front: idiot
[ˈɪdiət] (研六托雅 5944/6505 -2)
Vocabulary: idiot
(once / 442 pages)
n
The noun idiot means a person of lower-than-normal intelligence or someone who does foolish things, like your neighbor who car got stolen because he left it unlocked with the key in the ignition. What an idiot.
The word idiot originated in the 1300s, from the Old French word idiote, which meant "person so mentally deficient as to be incapable of ordinary reasoning." Today, though, idiot describes anyone who does foolish things, especially things that inconvenience others. If you put the Thanksgiving turkey in the oven but forget to turn it on, in four hours, you'll have a cold turkey and a bunch of relatives calling you "idiot."
WORD FAMILY
idiot: idiocy, idiotic, idiots+/ idiocy: idiocies/ idiotic: idiotically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I want to be here. I’m not an idiot,” he said Monday.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
John Tortorella sprays Champagne in eyes of every idiot reporter.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Walliams played me like he plays a lot of people – as a camp idiot.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 傻瓜，笨蛋; 白痴
分布：白痴(65%)，傻瓜(23%)，笨蛋(12%)
→来自拉丁语idiota,无知的人，外行人，来自希腊语idios,个人的，自己的，词源同idiom.引申词义与世隔绝的人，不参与社会事务的人，最后指无知的人，笨蛋，傻瓜。
白痴(idio愚蠢)[-ot表名词"…人"]
n.白痴;极蠢的人;笨蛋Idiot! You've steped on my toe!傻瓜,你踩在我的脚趾上了!
【参】idiocy（n 白痴；白痴的行为）
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a stupid person or someone who is behaving in a stupid way 白痴；笨蛋
• Some idiot left the tap running in the bathroom and there's water everywhere. 哪个白痴忘了关浴室的水龙头，水流得到处都是。
• [as form of address] You stupid idiot - that's a month's work you've lost! 你这个十足的白痴，你白做一个月的工！
idiot, fool
这组词都有“笨蛋，傻瓜”的意思，其区别是：
idiot: 指智能低、动作迟钝、行为不符合正常的人。
fool: 一般指缺乏智力、无判断力和识别能力、头脑糊涂的人。
n. 笨蛋，傻瓜； [心理] 白痴
 - simple, turkey, natural, put, stupid

Word: inundate
Front: inundate
[ˈɪnʌndeɪt] (托雅宝 13018/13958 -1)
Vocabulary: inundate
(once / 1555 pages)
v
To inundate means to quickly fill up or overwhelm, just like a flood. Your bathroom could be inundated with water if the pipes burst, and hopefully your inbox is inundated with nice emails on your birthday.
Commonly used to refer to a deluge of water, inundate can also refer to an overflow of something less tangible, like information. Right before the holidays, toy stores are often inundated with eager parents scrambling to get the latest action figures and video games. Attempt to read the entire dictionary in one sitting and you'll inundate your mind with vocabulary. But you probably won't remember any of it tomorrow.
WORD FAMILY
inundate: inundated, inundates, inundating, inundation +/ inundation: inundations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The feline calendar, inundated with photo submissions, started printing two editions a year a few years ago to fit them all.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Despite cleanup efforts, a new wave of garbage inundated the island again this week.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
But this time, many Republican electors were inundated with phone calls, emails and even threats demanding that they vote for someone other than Mr. Trump.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 淹没; 泛滥; （洪水般的）扑来; 使充满
时态：inundated, inundating, inundates
分布：淹没(76%)，向泛滥(12%)，浸水(12%)
→in-,进入，使，-und,流动，波浪，词源同undulate,water.即流进来的，淹没，引申词义应接不暇。
泛滥,淹没(in进入+und+ate→进入波浪→淹没)[und=wave,表示"波动"]
【记】in进入，und波浪，ate一进入波浪一淹没
【参】undulate（v 波动起伏；成波浪形）；abundant（adj 丰富的）
【反】drain（v 耗尽；排水）
verb transitive
TOO MUCH 太多
■to give someone so much work or so many things that they cannot deal with them all 使应接不暇
• We have been inundated with requests for help. 求助申请多得让我们应接不暇。
['ɪn.ʌn.deɪt] verb transitive
FLOOD 洪水 formal
■to flood an area with water （洪水）淹没
• If the dam breaks it will inundate large parts of the town. 如果水坝决堤，这个城镇的大部分地区都将被淹没。
vt. 淹没；泛滥；浸水；（洪水般的）扑来
 - flood, flow

Word: jirga

Word: parameter
Front: parameter
[pəˈræmɪtə(r)] (研六托宝 5398/4063 -1)
Vocabulary: parameter
(once / 13192 pages)
1n 2n
A parameter is a limit. In mathematics a parameter is a constant in an equation, but parameter isn’t just for math anymore: now any system can have parameters that define its operation. You can set parameters for your class debate.
Parameter comes from a combination of the Greek word para-, meaning “beside,” and metron, meaning “measure.” The natural world sets certain parameters, like gravity and time. In court, the law defines the parameters of legal behavior. Parameter and perimeter are similar, but a perimeter is the physical distance around an object, while a parameter can contain or define something either physically or abstractly: before you marry, prepare for the parameters of monogamy.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
parameter / perimeter
Parameter is a limit that affects how something can be done, and perimeter is the outline of a physical area. Both words have special meanings in math, but they take off their pocket protectors and relax their definitions when they join the rest of us.
Parameter is the fancier math and science word. In mathematics, parameter is a measurable factor in a system. Outside of math, parameter is still a factor, property, or characteristic. It can also be a boundary or a limit. Here are some examples:
That makes it the heaviest observed elementary particle yet discovered, but within the parameters set by the Standard Model. (Scientific America)
"As hard as journalism is, at least you have parameters," she said. (New York Times)
Within those parameters, Ms. Gray played with color, creating an upbeat show reflecting London's mad, mad fashion world. (New York Times)
In mathematics, the perimeter is the boundary of a geometric figure. In mainstream language, it can be the limit of any physical area, often one protected by an armed force: secure the perimeter! Here are some examples from the news:
Police set up a perimeter around the house and blocked off Avery Street for safety reasons, Sgt. Scott Custer said. (Inquiring News)
Newest study finds fuel spill's perimeter expanding. (KOB-TV)
Some linguistic snobs don't like parameter's meaning of a boundary or limit when perimeter would do. But according to Garner's Modern American Usage, the use of parameter to mean boundary is "virtually universal" except by "die-hard snoots." Unless you are writing for such an audience (a math professor, perhaps), you can use parameter to mean boundary.
Just remember: The parameters of playing hide-and-seek are not peeking while you count, and to stay within the perimeter of the yard when you hide.
WORD FAMILY
parameter: parameters, parametric+/parametric: nonparametric
USAGE EXAMPLES
Much like the Balfour declaration, these parameters were in fact tailored point by point to Zionist desires.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
By changing parameters, varroa mites did become a significant factor.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“Testing at Hazen seeks to determine the ideal methodology for controlling particle size and other parameters affecting the bark-formation rate,” the agency said.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. [数]参数; <物><数>参量; 限制因素; 决定因素
分布：参数(96%)，参量(2%)，界限(1%)，决定因素(1%)
→para-,在旁，在周围，-meter,测量，规定，词源同meter,measure.引申词义参数，规范。
n.参数,参量Having checked the parameters of the apparatus, the paralysed parasite went to the paradise by parachute.检查过仪器的参数后,瘫痪的寄生虫乘降落伞到天堂去了.
US [-ə.tˌɚ] noun countable usually plural
■a set of facts or a fixed limit which establishes or limits how something can or must happen or be done 决定因素；界限；范围；规范
• The researchers must keep within the parameters of the experiment. 研究员必须在实验既定的范围内进行研究。
• The central office sets/establishes the parameters which guide policy at the local level. 总部制定规范，指导地方政策。
n. 参数；系数； [数] 参量
 - coefficient, arguments, modulus

Word: opine
Front: opine
[əʊˈpaɪn] (宝 16834/21216)
Vocabulary: opine
(once / 4929 pages)
v
The verb opine is used when someone speaks up and expresses an opinion. You might opine that dogs are highly preferable to cats.
Whenever you have something to say about a subject, you have the option to opine about it or keep your mouth shut. Movie critics opine about the best films of the year, and kindergarten kids opine that they'd rather not take a nap. Opine can also describe what you suppose will happen, like when you opine that school lunches will improve because of the new cook. The Latin opinari, or have an opinion, is the root of opine.
WORD FAMILY
opine: opined, opines, opining
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 1957, the New York Times opined in a front-page article, “It is highly improbably that the Second Avenue subway will ever materialize.’
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Yet, here is this vaunted genius opining in the august pages of the nation’s most revered newspaper.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“If Senate Leader Stewart-Cousins is a leader,” opined Mr. King, “now is the time to lead.”
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: vt. 认为，以为
时态：opined, opining, opines
分布：想(54%)，认为(46%)
→来自拉丁语opinari,发表观点，表达意见，词源同opinion.
【记】源于：opinion（n 意见）
【参】opinionated（adj 固执己见的）
US [oʊ-] formal
verb transitive
■to state something as an opinion 认为；发表意见说
• [+ speech] Power grows from the barrel of a gun, opined Mao Tse-tung. 毛泽东说： 枪杆子里面出政权。
• [+ that] Ernest Rutherford opined that his work on radioactive substances would be of little or no practical use. 欧内斯特‧卢瑟福认为，他对放射性物质的研究工作没有多少或者没有实际用处。
vt. 以为；想
 - think, like
vi. 以为；想；表示意见
 - calculate, think

Word: invert
Front: invert
[ɪnˈvɜ:t] (研六托雅宝 15967/20592 -1)
Vocabulary: invert
(once / 1191 pages)
v
When you invert something, you turn it upside down, whether it’s an idea or a test you place face-down on your desk when you are finished.
Invert comes from the Latin word invertere, which means "to turn." For example, you might invert a cake pan, turning it upside down on a plate in order to remove the cake. Or if you have a long-standing belief, say, that cats make bad pets, spending time with a really great cat may make you turn that belief upside down, inverting it. And you might even get a cat of your own!
WORD FAMILY
invert: inversion, inverted, inverter, inverting, inverts+/ inversion: inversions/inverted: invertedly/inverter: inverters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Different decorative motifs proceed down the tapered legs, which resemble inverted obelisks.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Run a table knife around the sides of the warm cake, then invert the cake onto the sugared cloth.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Those “fundamental errors” led the appeals court to an “inverted and extraordinary outcome,” GM’s lawyers wrote in the Supreme Court petition.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 使…前后倒置; 使反转
n. 颠倒的事物; 变性者
adj. 转化的
时态：inverted, inverting, inverts
分布：颠倒(31%)，反转(24%)，倒置(20%)，转化的(17%)，颠倒物(8%)
→in-,进入，使，-vert,转，词源同versus,convert.即转过去的，颠倒，倒置。
翻过来,倒转(in进+vert→转进去→倒转→倒置)[ver,ert=turn,表示"转"]
v.倒置,倒转,颠倒I averted my eyes from the diverse advertisements for the invert converter.我把目光从花样繁多的倒置转换器广告上移开.
US [-'vɝ:t] formal
verb transitive
■to turn something upside down or change the order of two things 使倒置；使颠倒
• In some languages, the word order in questions is inverted (= the verb comes before the subject of the sentence). 在一些语言里，疑问句的词序是颠倒的。
invert, transform, revert, convert
这组词都有“转变”的意思，其区别是：
invert: v.使颠倒，使倒转，使反向。常常表示位置、顺序、方向等的颠倒。
 • The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice.   婴儿把杯子打翻，弄洒了里面的橙汁。
transform: v.改变，转变，指形状、颜色、大小、性质等的改变。
 • A little paint will soon transform the old house.   刷一点油漆很快就会使这所旧房子大为改观。
revert: v.归还，恢复原状。指回到原来的状态或情形。
 • John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died, ownership reverted back to John.   约翰送给他的哥哥一所房子，当他的哥哥去世后，房子的所有权重新归于约翰。
convert: v.转变，变换，含有"使某人改变观点"的意思。
 • He wants to convert to Catholicism.   他要皈依天主教。
vt. 使…转化；使…颠倒；使…反转；使…前后倒置
 - coup

Word: racy
Front: racy
[ˈreɪsi] (宝 17428/22949)
Back: adj. （风格）活泼的; 味美的; 不雅的; 猥亵的
级别：racier, raciest
分布：生动的(64%)，独特风味的(18%)，不雅的(18%)
→来自古法语 rais,根，姜根粉，来自拉丁语 radix 的所有格形式 radicis,根的，来自 radix,根， 词源同 radish,root.字母 d 脱落。后用于指放姜根调味料，有辛辣味的，生动的，后词义贬义 化，引申词义带荤的，不雅的。
【记】源于：race（n 比赛；赛跑；赛马）活泼生动的
【反】tame（adj 驯服的；没精打彩的）
adjective
■(of speech or writing) exciting, especially because of being about sex, or (of someone or something) having an exciting, interesting and attractive appearance, sometimes in a sexual way 有趣的，刺激的，吸引人的（尤指因为说话、文字等与性有关）
• a racy story 荤段子
• a racy style 生动的文体
• a racy advertisement 近乎猥亵的广告
• racy swimwear 性感的游泳衣
• She is trying to create a racier image for herself. 她试图为自己塑造一个更为妩媚的形象。
adj. 生动的；保持原味的；适于赛跑的；猥亵的
 - vivid, telling, live, salt

Word: polity
Front: polity
[ˈpɒləti] (12049/21246)
Vocabulary: polity
(once / 3194 pages)
n
The noun polity refers to a political group of any size or shape — it can be a government, a state, a country, or even a social group.
When you hear the word polity, think politics and you're on the right track. The prefix for polity dates all the way back to Greece, from the word politeia, which means "citizenship" or "government." Any group run by politics can be called a polity. The Democratic Party is a polity, but hopefully your birthday party isn't.
WORD FAMILY
polity: polities
USAGE EXAMPLES
We write together although we represent very different parts of the American polity.
Time(Nov 16, 2016)
But his corpse still lies at the heart of the Chinese polity, in a glass sarcophagus on Tiananmen Square, attended by streams of visitors.
Economist(Sep 08, 2016)
That’s especially true at election time and even more necessary in such a polarised and acrimonious polity as the US Congress has become.
The Guardian(Oct 30, 2016)
Back: n. 政治组织; 国家组织; 政体
分布：政治(48%)，政体(45%)，政府制度(7%)
→来自拉丁语polita,有组织的政府，词源同police,policy.
N-COUNT
（国家、城市、教会等）政治体，社会机构
A polity is an organized society, such as a nation, city, or church, together with its government and administration.
例：...the role of religious belief in a democratic polity.民主实体中宗教信仰的作用
n. 政体；国体；政治组织
 - government, regime

Word: potency
Front: potency
[ˈpəʊtnsi] (13482/9122 -1)
Vocabulary: potency
(once / 178 pages)
n
Use the noun potency when you're talking about the strength of something. You could refer to the potency of a drug or the potency of a political leader.
Potency is an official measurement in pharmacology, or the science of prescribing drugs. It's also useful for describing a person's power or authority over others. The Latin root word is potentia, or "power," and its origin goes all the way back to the Sanskrit word for "master or husband," patih. The word potency has historically been associated with men, but it's fine to use it to describe a woman's power too.
WORD FAMILY
potency: potencies, potential, prepotency+/ impotence: impotences/impotency: impotencies/ impotent: impotence, impotency, impotenter, impotently/ potent: impotent, potency, potenter, potentest, potently/ potential: potentiality, potentially, potentials/potentiality: potentialities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Traditionally one of the nation’s stingiest teams, Florida State had developed an offensive potency to augment its taut defense.
Washington Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Participants agreed that the WHO definition was adequate, and that potency is not relevant to the identification of hazards such as EDCs.
Nature(Nov 21, 2016)
But I don’t know how anyone could credibly deny the potency of Jones’s burly, urging voice.
The New Yorker(Nov 19, 2016)
Back: n. 效力; 潜能; 权势; （男人的）性交能力
分布：效力(74%)，潜能(13%)，权力(13%)
US ['poʊ.tˌənt-] noun uncountable
■strength, influence or effectiveness 力量；影响力；效力
• This new drug's potency is not yet known. 这种新药的效力目前还不清楚。
• He owed his popular support to the potency of his propaganda machine. 他获得广泛支持，他将这归功于他的宣传机器的力量。
■a man's ability to have sex （男子的）性能力
• Consuming large amounts of alcohol can significantly reduce a man's potency. 大量饮酒会大大降低男子的性机能。
Compare impotence
n. 效能；力量；潜力；权势
 - efficiency, strength, might, muscle, power

Word: ping
Front: ping
[pɪŋ] (19705/21812 -1)
Vocabulary: ping
(once / 16038 pages)
1nv 2v
A ping is a sharp, high-pitched, somewhat musical sound. Quickly tapping a spoon against a crystal glass makes a ping. If you ping someone, you contact them via computer or phone, which might ping when the message comes through.
The word ping is onomatopoeic, or imitative — in other words, it sounds just like its meaning. Things that might ping include your electronic alarm clock, some video games, a stone against your car's windshield, and the timer on your microwave. In the 1800s, a ping was primarily the sound a bullet made as it hit something — today it's just as likely to mean "a message sent from one computer to another."
WORD FAMILY
ping: pinged, pinger, pinging, pings
USAGE EXAMPLES
White House officials said the buildings were not merely used for ping pong.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Sometimes a cell phone will ping its location in area as big as half the city, Martinez said.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
A sonar search appears to detect the ‘ping’ of the jet’s black box near the end of its monthlong battery life.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. <非正>砰; 子弹飞过的砰砰声; 因特网包探索器
v. <非正>发出砰的声响
时态：pinged, pinging, pings
分布：砰(68%)，子弹飞过空中的砰砰声(16%)，砰地作声(16%)
→拟声词。
verb intransitive
■to make a short sharp sound 乒乓作响，发出砰的声响
• We heard a small stone ping against our window. 我们听到一颗小石头砰的一声砸在我们的窗户上。
■informal
■to send an email or text message 发送电邮或文字讯息
• Ping me an email. 给我发电邮。
■US for
■ pink (= an engine noise) 产生引擎噪音
[pɪŋ] noun countable
■a short sharp sound 乒乓的声响，砰的声响
US for * pink (= an engine noise)

Word: pickup
Front: pickup
[ˈpɪkʌp] (研 3802/8372)
Back: n. 收集; <口>搭车（者）; 唱机唱头; 小卡车
adj. 临时凑成的，偶然认识的
分布：加速(18%)，小型卡车(15%)，拾音器(15%)，获得(12%)，拾起(10%)，固定器(5%)，临时的(5%)，随便买的东西(5%)，搭便车者(5%)，凑合的(5%)，实况转播(5%)
→比喻用法。
n.拾起,获得
N-COUNT
皮卡；轻型货车
A pick-up or a pick-up truck is a small truck with low sides that can be easily loaded and unloaded.
N-SING
（贸易或经济的）好转，改善
A pick-up in trade or in a country's economy is an improvement in it.
例：...a pick-up in the housing market...房地产市场的回暖
例：The economy remains deep in recession with few signs of a pick-up.经济仍深陷衰退之中，几乎没有好转的迹象。
N-COUNT
接人；取走物品；提货
A pick-up takes place when someone picks up a person or thing that is waiting to be collected.
例：The company had pick-up points in most cities...这家公司在大部分城市都有提货点。
例：Trains will operate from Waterloo with a pick-up stop at Ashford.火车从滑铁卢站出发，途中会在阿什福德站停靠上人。
N-COUNT
（以发生性关系为目的的）搭识，搭讪
When a pick-up takes place, someone talks to a person in a friendly way in the hope of having a casual sexual relationship with them.
例：They had come to the world's most famous pick-up joint.他们已来到了世界上最著名的调情场所。
n. 收集，整理；小卡车；拾起；搭车者；偶然结识者
 - arrangement, clustering, sorting

Word: resurrection
Front: resurrection
[ˌrezəˈrekʃn] (10219/8819 -1)
Vocabulary: resurrection
(once / 1422 pages)
n
Resurrection describes something that has been brought back to life — literally or figuratively. A zombie resurrection may occur in that scary movie you're watching, or a fashion designer may bring about the resurrection of the a-line skirt.
First used in the 13th century, the noun resurrection comes from the Latin word resurgere, meaning "rise again." It can refer literally to a rising from the dead, but you're more likely to hear the word describe something that's figuratively brought back to life — meaning, it's been revived after a time of inactivity or decline. If a pitcher who has been in a slump throws a perfect game, that could be considered a resurrection of his baseball career.
WORD FAMILY
resurrection: resurrections+/ resurrect: resurrected, resurrecting, resurrection, resurrects
USAGE EXAMPLES
These paintings are about death and resurrection and the shock of revelation.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
He captured its participation deficit – in stock market escalation, bank resurrections, and glorified reductions in headline unemployment figures.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
The resurrection of female intellectuals from obscurity is a preoccupation of Hustvedt’s.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. <宗>耶稣复活; 使复活者; 恢复使用; <宗>（最后审判日）所有死者的复活
adj. 复活的，复兴的
分布：复活(92%)，复兴(5%)，恢复(3%)
→来自拉丁语 resurgere,再升起，再举起，词源同 resurgent.-ct,过去分词格，-ion,名词后缀。引 申词义复兴，复活。
US [-ə'rek-] noun uncountable
■when something that had disappeared or ended is brought back into use or existence 复苏；复兴；恢复
n. 复活；恢复；复兴
 - recovery, restoration, retrieval, renewal, revival

Word: tantamount
Front: tantamount
[ˈtæntəmaʊnt] (宝 15128/18680 -1)
Vocabulary: tantamount
(once / 6844 pages)
adj
When something is tantamount to another thing it is essentially its equivalent. For some animal activists, wearing fur is tantamount to murder.
Tantamount often refers to an action or thing being compared to another greater action or quality, as in, “Missing your finals is tantamount to dropping out of college.” While the two sides are essentially equal, you would not say, "Dropping out of school is tantamount to missing your finals.” A related word is paramount, which means “the highest” or “primary.”
WORD FAMILY
tantamount
USAGE EXAMPLES
This, the critics said, was tantamount to caving to Henry VIII’s demand that the pope allow him to divorce.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
So serious was Russian interference in the American presidential election that the Obama administration warned Putin that it was tantamount to “armed conflict.”
Salon(Dec 22, 2016)
Navy drone by the crew of a Chinese warship, they say, was tantamount to an act of piracy on the high seas.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 相等的，相当的
分布：相当于(49%)，同等的(28%)，相等的(23%)
→来自短语 tant amount,等同，一致，来自拉丁语 tantus,一样的，一致，来自 tam,因此，所以， 词源同 tandem,this,that.主要用于贬义修饰。
同等的,相等的(tant相等+a+mount数量)[mount=ascend,表示"登上"]
【记】tant相等，amount数量－相等的
【反】incommensurate（adj 不相称的）
US [-tˌə-] slightly formal
adjective
tantamount to sth
■being almost the same or having the same effect as, usually something bad 几近于；等于，相当于
• Her refusal to answer was tantamount to an admission of guilt. 她拒绝回答等于是认罪。
adj. 同等的；相当于…的
 - coequal

Word: wink
Front: wink
[wɪŋk] (研六宝 7901/10631 -1)
Back: vt. 使眼色; 递眼色（表示友好或高兴等）; （指光）闪烁; 闪亮
n. 眨眼; 一眨眼间; 闪烁
vi. 眨眼; 使眼色; 闪烁
时态：winked, winking, winks
分布：眨眼(57%)，闪烁(17%)，使眼色(15%)，瞬间(11%)
→来自weng,弯，转，摇晃，词源同wince,winch。引申词义点头，眨眼，合眼，示意，现主要用于词义眨眼。
v.(使)眨眼;眨眼示意n.眨眼;小睡,打盹He winked away [back] his tears.他眨眼除去 [抑制] 眼泪.
verb intransitive
■to close one eye for a short time as a way of greeting someone or showing friendliness, sexual interest, etc., or of showing that you are not serious about something you have said 眨眼示意；使眼色
• She winked at me as he turned his back. 他转过身去的时候，她向我眨了眨眼。
• For a moment I thought he was being serious, but then he winked at me. 有一阵我以为他是认真的，但是没多久他就向我眨了眨眼，暗示我他在开玩笑。
■When lights wink, they keep flashing on and off quickly （灯光）闪烁，明灭
• Reflected in the water, the lights winked at us from the other side of the lake. 湖对岸的灯光映在水中，向我们一闪一闪的。
• The light was winking on the answering machine. 录音电话上的指示灯一闪一闪的。
[wɪŋk] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  wink at sth
■to pretend not to notice something bad that is happening because it is more convenient for you （对坏事情）睁一只眼闭一只眼，装作没看见
[wɪŋk] noun countable
■when you wink at someone 眨眼（示意）；眼色
• He gave me a conspiratorial wink as they left the room. 他们离开房间的时候，他向我诡秘地眨了眨眼。
[wɪŋk] noun countable
not sleep a wink (also not get a wink of sleep)
■to not sleep at all 根本没合眼
• I didn't sleep a wink last night with all that noise. 昨晚噪声那么大，我根本就没睡着。
vi. 眨眼；使眼色；闪烁
 - nictate, coruscate
n. 眨眼；使眼色；闪烁；瞬间
 - moment, breath, second, instant
vt. 眨眼
 - blink

Word: affable
Front: affable
[ˈæfəbl] (托宝 16207/19502 -1)
Vocabulary: affable
(once / 1259 pages)
adj
Affable means friendly, pleasant, and easy to talk to. An affable host offers you something to drink and makes you feel at home.
The adjective affable entered English by way of the Latin word affābilis, which means "kind, friendly." If you’re stuck on an airplane next to someone affable, the trip won’t be so bad because that person will be easy to chat with but won’t talk your ear off. Synonyms of affable also refer to a pleasant and mild friendliness, such as genial, hospitable, and gracious. Affable people generally seem like they’re in a good mood and are happy to see you.
WORD FAMILY
affable: affability, affableness, affablest, affably+/ affability: affabilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Adaptable, consensual, affable, intellectual, Guterres is perhaps better qualified than any of his nine predecessors for the world’s most demanding job.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
To this day, the affable Byelorussian leader is clearly proud of the way he handled that crucial conversation with Moscow.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
It allowed the show to portray him as affable and harmless, someone who would insert the word “yuge” into the Constitution if elected.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 友善的; 和蔼的; 平易近人的; （天气）宜人
分布：和蔼可亲的(56%)，慈祥的(23%)，易于交谈的(11%)，殷勤的(5%)，谦恭有礼的(5%)
→前缀af-同ad-, 去，往，在f 开头辅音词根前同化为af. -fable来自词根bha, 说话，同phone, fame 等。
亲切的(af+fable说话→不断可以说话→亲切)[ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示"一再"等加强意]
温和的;和蔼的(af接近+fable→接近说话→和蔼的)[fabl,fabul=speak,表示"讲,说"]
【记】1）af朝向，fable（n 寓言）当词根：说，与…交谈－易于交谈的；2）aff读：爱抚，able能－能爱抚别人的－易于接近的，和蔼的
【参】ineffable（adj 无法表达的）；fabulous（adj 像传说一样的）
【反】irascible（adj 暴躁的）；testy（adj 易怒的；暴躁的）
adjective
■friendly and easy to talk to 和蔼可亲的；友善的；容易交谈的
• He struck me as an affable sort of a man. 在我印象中他属于那种友善的人。
• She was quite affable at the meeting. 会议上，她非常和蔼可亲。
adj. 和蔼可亲的；友善的
 - pleasant, amiable

Word: biochemical
Front: biochemical
[ˌbaɪəʊ'kemɪkl] (14303/10822 -1)
Vocabulary: biochemical
(once / 24675 pages)
adj
Something that's biochemical relates to chemical processes that occur in living beings, like the chemical reactions in your body.
You're most likely to come across the word biochemical in a science class. Biochemical processes occur in living organisms. For example, the way your body converts food into energy is biochemical, as is the way your body fights disease and responds to drugs. The word biochemistry comes from the German biochemisch, and both words combine the Greek bio, "one's life," and chemical, "relating to chemistry."
WORD FAMILY
biochemical: biochemically+/biochemist: biochemists/biochemistry: biochemical, biochemist
USAGE EXAMPLES
In order to initiate the biochemical processes that lead to larger, stronger fibers, Dr. Bamman says, you should push your muscles until they are exhausted.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Researchers at the University of Queensland conducted biochemical tests on tiny muscle biopsy samples collected by scuba divers off Ecuador.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
Researchers have come up with a biochemical pathway that converts carbon dioxide into useful organic compounds more efficiently than plants can.
Nature(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 生物化学的
分布：生物化学的(100%)
US [-oʊ-] adjective
■connected with the chemistry of living things 生物化学的

Word: blizzard
Front: blizzard
[ˈblɪzəd] (托宝 9875/15160 -1)
Vocabulary: blizzard
(once / 1823 pages)
n
A blizzard is a large winter storm, characterized by heavy snowfall and accompanied by high winds. We're not talking flurry or a snowsquall. It's the kind of snow storm you read about.
If you had to shovel 5 inches of snow off of your sidewalk, the snow storm was probably just a snow storm, an annoyance perhaps but not a blizzard. A blizzard is a huge snowstorm that results in the disruption of normal activities. Offices close, schools are shut down, streets are snow-packed, and people stay at home. The word can also be used figuratively, to mean "a rash" of something — like the blizzard of insurance forms you had to complete after surgery.
WORD COUNT
Stormy Weather: A Tempest of Meteorological Terms
Not long ago, Cliff Mass, an atmospheric scientist in Seattle, blogged about a sandstorm that had occurred in Eastern Washington. Extreme weather is not unusual in that area, but the word he used for the storm was new to many of us: haboob. The novelty of the term, along with the spectacular photo on his blog of an oncoming haboob, had people talking about it for days.
Haboob in Eastern Washington, September 2013 [Photo: Robert Ames]
Given how much our day-to-day lives are influenced by weather — and especially by storms — perhaps it's not surprising that we have a rich vocabulary for these natural phenomena.
The biggest of all storms, of course, is a hurricane. This term came into English from Spanish, but originates in Taíno, a native language from the Caribbean. The regional origin of this name might explain why we use hurricane for storms in the Atlantic and in eastern Pacific, close to the Americas. For similar storms in the western Pacific and the Indian Ocean, we use the word typhoon, a term with a curious etymology: it appears to represent a convergence of a Greek word for a whirlwind and a Chinese word for "great wind." (Some speculate an Arabic origin also.) A general term for these types of large-scale storms — cyclone, from Greek for "rotate" or "wheel" — alludes to the fact that they revolve around a central point.
Hurricane Isabel as seen from the International Space Station [source: Wikipedia]
Aside from these well-known terms, there's a nor'easter for a large storm in the north Atlantic. This name follows the convention for naming winds, which identifies the direction from which they come; a nor'easter spins counterclockwise, hence brings winds from the northeast.
Inland, a derecho is a hurricane-scale storm that is primarily associated with the Midwestern areas of the U.S. and Canada. Derecho is the Spanish word for "straight ahead," and came into use to describe the storm's wind pattern, which meteorologists call "straight-line wind." The "straight" nature of a derecho was intended to contrast with the circular nature of a different storm: the tornado, which occurs frequently in the same geographic region. The name tornado is another Spanish term, which might either derive from a word for thunderstorm or from a word for "to turn." An informal term for a tornado is a twister, named for its characteristic motion. The word cyclone is also used informally for tornados, since they're another type of revolving storm, but not by professionals.
If you substitute snow for rain in one of these large-scale storms, you get a blizzard. While I'm sure that the Anglo-Saxons huddled in their longhouses against snowy blasts, they did not bequeath us this word; blizzard is both a surprisingly modern term (the first recorded cite is from 1859) and originally an American one.
Generically, any strong wind is a gale (possibly of Norse origin). For meteorologists, a gale has a more precise definition: it's a wind that's between 34 and 40 knots, as measured on the Beaufort Scale, which has similarly precise values for terms like strong breeze, high wind, violent storm, and hurricane force. Another generic term for a wind-bearing storm is tempest (from Latin via Old French), whose metaphoric sense of tumult goes back almost as far as its weather-related sense. I for one would love to hear a TV weatherperson bring the word tempest back into everyday use.
There are many regional terms for winds and windstorms that occur regularly. People near mountains often experience type of wind called a föhn (or foehn, pronounced fern), which occurs in the Alps. This is a wind that comes down off mountains (that is, the wind is katabatic) and is channeled via valleys or passes. In Southern California, a famous föhn-type wind is the Santa Ana wind that blows out of the high desert to the east and whose extreme dryness can contribute to wildfires. (Some say that the Santa Ana wind makes people in Los Angeles restless and violent.) I grew up along the Front Range in Colorado, and in the spring we often experienced the extremely strong Chinook wind, whose unseasonable warmth has given it the nickname "snow-eater."
Other regional winds are the Diablo wind in Northern California, the Knik and Taku winds in Alaska, and the Squamish in British Columbia, though not all of these are warm winds (quite the contrary). Further afield are winds such as those in the Mediterranean region including the Mistral and Levant in France, the Ostro in Italy, and the hot, dry Sirocco that comes off the Sahara.
The Sirocco brings us back to Arabic, which is where we also get the haboob that we started with. Look out your window, and if it's a blustery day, there's probably a term that precisely names the wind you're experiencing, whether that term comes to us from a Native American language, from Spanish, or from a language of the African deserts.
WORD FAMILY
blizzard: blizzards
USAGE EXAMPLES
A blizzard warning is in effect into Saturday afternoon for Kotzebue and villages on St. Lawrence Island and along the Bering Strait.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The show speculates how it might affect ocean and air currents and result in extreme weather conditions such as blizzards, super storms and wildfires.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
We couldn’t open the window to get rid of the smell because there was a blizzard outside.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 暴风雪; 大量
分布：暴风雪(93%)，大量(7%)
→来自PIE *bhel, 照耀，闪光，形容大雪之凶猛。词源同blitzkrieg.
【记】1）b不，lizzard＝lizard（n 蜥蜴）－不适合蜥蜴的天气－暴风雪2）《星际争霸》中的一种魔法，威力巨大－暴风雪
US [-ɚd] noun
SNOW 雪
countable
■a severe snow storm with strong winds 暴风雪；雪暴
• We once got stuck in a blizzard for six hours. 我们曾被暴风雪困了六个小时之久。
• In Sussex, blizzard conditions made the main roads almost impassable. 在萨塞克斯郡，暴风雪导致主要道路几乎瘫痪。
UK ['blɪz.əd] US [-ɚd] noun
LARGE AMOUNT 大量数目
only singular informal
■a large amount of something which arrives or is produced together in a confusing or badly organized way 大量繁乱的事物
• a blizzard of statistics/handouts 繁乱的统计数字／雪片般的传单
n. 暴风雪，大风雪；大打击
 - snowstorm, bizzard

Word: bourse
Front: bourse
[bʊəs] (41397/38508)
Back: n. （非英语国家，尤指法国的）股票交易所
分布：证券交易所(100%)
→bourse, 钱包，同purse, 钱包。
n. 交易所
 - exchange

Word: brittle
Front: brittle
[ˈbrɪtl] (研四六托雅宝 10220/8736 -1)
Vocabulary: brittle
(once / 2303 pages)
1adj 2n 3adj
Something brittle is easily broken. Do you have brittle bones? Then no football or rugby for you.
Besides meaning easily fractured and emotionally cold, brittle is also a type of candy made of cooled sugar. To make peanut brittle, bake the ingredients on a cookie sheet then let the brittle cool into sheets which you break into pieces (and then eat — wreaking havoc with your braces). It's ok to use the adjective brittle freely to describe lots of things that will break easily — such as a heart, a theory, or a poorly equipped army.
WORD FAMILY
brittle: brittlely, brittleness, brittler, brittles, brittlest
USAGE EXAMPLES
The meat arrives with a textured, almost brittle outer bark, like the crust on a really great loaf of sourdough.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Even those who survive face up to 15 bone fractures a year, brittle teeth, impaired hearing and growth problems.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
Diminutive New Zealand man who inspired many by defying the brittle bones he was born with and pursuing a life filled with rigorous outdoor adventures.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 易碎的; 难以相处的，尖刻暴躁的; 冷淡的; 声音尖利的
分布：易碎的(47%)，脆弱的(37%)，果仁薄脆糖(8%)，尖利的(8%)
→词源同break，破开。-le, 表反复。
a.易碎的;脆弱的;冷淡的;(声音)尖利的The pattern of the battery doesn't matter to the battle against the little brittle cattle.电池的式样对与脆小牛作战无关要紧.
【记】bottle容易brittle。
【参】brittleness（n 脆弱fragility）
US ['brɪtˌ-] adjective
EASILY BROKEN 易碎的
■delicate and easily broken 易碎的，脆的
• As you get older your bones become increasingly brittle. 随着年龄增长，人的骨头变得越来越脆。
• The pond was covered in a brittle layer of ice. 池塘上结了薄薄的一层冰。
UK ['brɪt.l] US ['brɪtˌ-] adjective
UNKIND 不友好的
■unkind and unpleasant 不友好的；冷淡的
• She gave a brittle laugh and turned away. 她冷笑了一声，转身走了。
invalid, crisp, fragile, brittle, frail
这组词都有“弱”的意思，其区别是：
invalid: a.不正确的，缺乏证据的；无效的，作废的。作名词时，表示病弱者，伤残者，久病者。
 • Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.   你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思，但是缺乏证据。
 • A bad car accident made him an invalid.   一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。
crisp: a.指食品的松脆；清新的，爽快的；活跃的，有生气的，干净利落的。
 • crisp biscuit   松脆的饼干
 • The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.   学生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。
fragile: a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西，也引申为体弱的，虚弱的。
 • He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.   他参加了昨晚的聚会以后，现在感觉有些虚弱。
brittle: a.易碎的，易损坏的，通常是指坚硬的东西。
 • The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.   老年人的骨头变得脆弱，很容易骨折。
frail: a. (指人)体弱的，虚弱的，也可以指东西易碎的。
 • His mother has grown old and frail.   他母亲已经年老体弱。
adj. 易碎的， [冶] 脆弱的；易生气的
 - delicate, tender, fragile

Word: compression
Front: compression
[kəm'preʃn] (六托 8364/8171)
Vocabulary: compression
(once / 2919 pages)
n
Whenever something is squished together, compression takes place, like a tight bandage around your sprained ankle — the compression helps protect it from further injury.
Compression comes from the Latin word compressare, meaning “to press together.” Compression is an important part of how car engines function: fuel and air are compressed then ignited and that makes the power that turns the wheels. Compression can also happen to your day's schedule, such as when a snow storm causes school to start late, a schedule compression means that you have all your classes but they are shorter.
WORD FAMILY
compression: compressions+/ compress: compressed, compresses, compressible, compressing, compression, compressor, decompress, uncompress/compressible: compressibility, incompressible/compressing: compressings/compressor: compressors/decompress: decompressed, decompresses, decompressing, decompression/decompression: decompressions/incompressible: incompressibility/uncompress: uncompressed
USAGE EXAMPLES
They wore compression undergarments to hold it in.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
He started chest compressions and yelled for someone to call 911.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
That rig burned again eight months later, in February 2016, when a compression unit on the platform ignited, killing three and injuring eight.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 压缩，压紧，浓缩，紧缩; 加压，压抑; （表现的）简练; 应压试验
分布：压缩(97%)，压紧(2%)，浓缩(1%)
压缩,紧缩(com+press+ion)[press=press表示"挤压"]
【反】distention（n 膨胀）
V-ERG
(使)压紧;(使)压缩
When you compress something or when it compresses, it is pressed or squeezed so that it takes up less space.
例：Poor posture, sitting or walking slouched over, compresses the body's organs...坐着或者走路的时候低头垂肩，这种不正确的姿势会压迫体内的器官。
例：Air will compress but the brake fluid won't.空气会压缩，但是刹车油不会。
VERB
使简练;缩短
If you compress something such as a piece of writing or a description, you make it shorter.
例：He never understood how to organize or compress large masses of material...他从来就不懂如何对大篇的材料进行整理或精简。
例：All those three books are compacted and compressed into one book.那三本书的内容全都压缩进一本书了。
VERB
压缩，缩短(时间)
If an event is compressed into a short space of time, it is given less time to happen than normal or previously.
例：The four debates will be compressed into an unprecedentedly short eight-day period...这4场辩论将被压缩到短短8天的时间，这是前所未有的。
例：Some courses such as engineering had to be compressed.有些课程，比如工程学，必须减少课时。
N-COUNT
(用以退烧的)敷布，压布
A compress is a pad of wet or dry cloth pressed on part of a patient's body to reduce fever.
例：Sore throats may be relieved by cold compresses.喉咙痛用冷敷布敷一下可能会好一些。
n. 压缩，浓缩；压榨，压迫
 - concentration, pressure, hitting

Word: charleston

Word: centralisation

Word: contrive
Front: contrive
[kənˈtraɪv] (研六托雅宝 15323/9718 -1)
Vocabulary: contrive
(once / 241 pages)
v
When you contrive, you make a plan or a plot. It may take you longer to contrive your way out of doing your homework than would to actually do it.
Even though contrive often has a false or cunning feel to it, it is not always a bad thing. Mental effort is always required though, as contrive is often used in connection with inventing schemes and plans to make something happen. Contraption, a complicated mysterious device that does something, is related to contrive. Have you ever seen a Rube Goldberg contraption? When you contrive to do something, your plan may end up being that complicated.
WORD FAMILY
contrive: contrivance, contrived, contriver, contrives, contriving+/ contrivance: contrivances/ contrived: contrivedly, uncontrived/contriver: contrivers
USAGE EXAMPLES
This contrived road-trip plot therefore becomes series of step-and-repeat awkward encounters that show how this bohemian family is morally superior to everyone else.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s not a contrived Christmas song at all.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Should I try to contrive some improvement in my adjustment to “company culture”? Or simply move forward and focus on my work?
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 设计，发明; 创造; 策划; 设法做到
vi. 计划或谋划
时态：contrived, contriving, contrives
分布：设计(32%)，发明(29%)，设法做到(25%)，图谋(14%)
→con-, 强调。-triv, 来自-trop, 转，寻找，词源同turn, tropical. 本义指努力寻找的，进行发明创造的。
vt.谋划,策划;设法做到;设计,想出The striver contrives to derive that privacy can't be deprived.奋斗者想方设法推导得出隐私(权)不可剥夺.
【记】contri反，ve＝vene走－和别人反着走－设计新东西；图谋不轨con共同，tri＝try，ve读：挖：让咱们共同挖一个大坑，然后用树枝盖上，设计一个陷阱，等老管一过来……嘿嘿－图谋
verb transitive
■to arrange a situation or event, or arrange for something to happen, using clever planning 巧妙安排；谋划，策划
• Couldn't you contrive a meeting between them? I think they'd be ideally suited. 你不能为他们安排一次会面吗？我想他们俩会挺配的。
• [+ to infinitive] Somehow she contrived to get tickets for the concert. 她不知透过甚么方式得到了音乐会的门票。
■to invent and/or make a device or other object in a clever and possibly unusual way 设计；发明；创造
• Do you think you could contrive something for hanging my clothes on until I can get a wardrobe? 你能设计个东西让我在买到衣柜前挂衣服吗？
vt. 设计；发明；图谋
 - design, engineer, style, project, frame
vi. 谋划；设法做到
 - to see that

Word: cube
Front: cube
[kju:b] (高研四六托雅 5725/7702 -2)
Vocabulary: cube
(once / 1899 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
In math, a cube is a number multiplied by itself three times. The cube of 2 is 8 (2 x 2 x 2). It is also a three-dimensional shape where each of the six sides is a square or something shaped like a cube, such as an ice cube or meat cut into cubes).
The noun cube goes back to the Greek word kybos, which was a six-sided die used in games. As a verb, cube means to cut into cube shapes. You can buy cookie dough that is ready for baking and formed into cubes. Place each cube on the cookie sheet, and the dough becomes a dozen round cookies — or fewer if you pop a cookie dough cube into your mouth before baking!
WORD FAMILY
cube: cubed, cubelike, cubes, cubical, cubing, cuboidal
USAGE EXAMPLES
More notably, 2017 is the smallest whole number whose cube root begins with ten distinct digits:
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
First, the pork shoulder was chopped into cubes and simmered with spices for hours.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Their lab is littered with Cozmos and the cubes the robot plays with.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 立方形，立方体; 立方，三次幂; 小房间
vt. 求…的立方; 把（食物）切成小方块; 测定…的体积
时态：cubed, cubing, cubes
分布：立方(61%)，立方体(36%)，立方的(2%)，求 ... 的立方(1%)
→词源不确定，可能来自keub,弯，转，词源同cubit,camber.
n.立方形,立方体;立方,三次幂The cube in the tubular cup occupies one cubic meter.筒状杯中的立方体占有一个立方米(的体积).
noun countable
SHAPE 形状
■a solid object with six square sides of equal size 立方体；立方形的东西
• Cut the cheese into small cubes. 将起司切成小方块。
[kju:b] noun countable
NUMBER 数位 specialized
■the number made by multiplying a number twice by itself 立方，三次方
[kju:b] verb transitive
SHAPE 形状
■to cut food into cubes 把（食物）切成方块
[kju:b] verb transitive
NUMBER 数位 specialized
■If you cube a number, you multiply it twice by itself 求…的立方
• 2 cubed (= 2 x 2 x 2) equals 8, and is written 2 3. 2的立方等于8，写作23。
n. [数] 立方；立方体；骰子
 - solid, die

Word: courtyard
Front: courtyard
[ˈkɔ:tjɑ:d] (高研 5825/5755 -1)
Vocabulary: courtyard
(once / 662 pages)
n
A courtyard is an area outside a building that's framed and somewhat enclosed by walls. Your friend might ask you to meet her in the courtyard of her apartment complex.
In cities, courtyards provide small, private outdoor areas. Courtyards are often nestled between buildings, or tucked away behind them. For nearly as long as people have built houses and buildings, courtyards have existed — although in the past, they were used for keeping animals, cooking over an open fire, and sometimes even sleeping. The word dates from the 1550s, combining court, from the Latin cohors, "enclosed yard," and yard, from a Germanic root also meaning "enclosure."
WORD FAMILY
courtyard: courtyards
USAGE EXAMPLES
The George became a home for political debate and gossip - and Shakespeare's plays were often performed in its courtyard.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Wood framing inside a wall ignited when an outdoor gas fireplace in a courtyard was lit.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The palace’s great courtyard is a field of cratered earth.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 庭院，院子; 天井
分布：院子(60%)，庭院(40%)
n.院子,庭院,天井Of course the man's courage encouraged the discouraged tourists in the courtyard.自然那个勇敢男子的勇气鼓舞了院子里泄气的游客们.
US ['kɔ:rt.jɑ:rd] noun countable
■an area of flat ground outside which is partly or completely surrounded by the walls of a building 庭院，院子
n. 庭院，院子；天井
 - yard, garth

Word: diagram
Front: diagram
[ˈdaɪəgræm] (高研四六托雅宝 7324/3855 -K1)
Vocabulary: diagram
(once / 1004 pages)
nv
A diagram is a drawing that shows the different parts of something and how they work together. If you follow a diagram for assembling bunk beds and finish with parts left over, you should ask for the top bunk, not the bottom one.
Diagram goes back to the Greek verb diagraphein, meaning "to mark out by lines," and a diagram uses line drawings to explain something. Electronic equipment comes with a long instruction booklet and a one-page diagram, and it's usually the diagram that helps most in connecting the device. A diagram can also be a complex drawing, like an engineering plan for airplanes. When you make a line drawing of your own, you can use diagram as a verb, as when you diagram a sentence.
WORD FAMILY
diagram: diagraming, diagrammatic, diagrammatical, diagrammed, diagramming, diagrams+/diagrammatic: diagrammatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The diagrams show what you need to measure.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
We pick it up from today’s diagram, where Black is desperately trying to gin up some counterthreats with his king under heavy fire.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
In November a series of animated diagrams on state television’s evening news portrayed NGOs as a crony network that grew rich on taxpayers’ money.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 图表; 图解; 示意图; [数]线图
vt. 用图表示; 图解
时态：diagrammed, diagramming, diagrams
分布：图表(73%)，图解(22%)，用图解法表示(5%)
→dia-, 穿过，整个的。-gram, 写，记录，词源同telegram.用来指图表。
图表(dia+gram→交叉对着画→图表)[dia-表示"穿过,二者之间"]
图解,图表(dia交叉+gram→交叉画图)[graph,gram=write,表示"写,图"]
n.图表;图解The telegram says that the diagrams show the grammar of the program.电报说图表表示程序的语法.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a simple plan which represents a machine, system or idea, etc., often drawn to explain how it works 图，图解，示意图
• The teacher drew a diagram showing how the blood flows through the heart. 老师画了一张示意图来说明血液如何进出心脏。
sketch, draft, blueprint, diagram, outline, plot
这组词都有“绘制”的意思，其区别是：
sketch: 指用图、模型或语言描述来表示某一事物的整体情况。
draft: 用作动词时指按准确比例设计或打样；作名词时专指精确的草图或草案。
blueprint: 主要指绘制蓝图或制定纲领或规划。这个词引申用来指详细而具体的行动计划。
diagram: 侧重指用图形、图表等来说明。
outline: 主要给出事物要点或轮廓，强调简化了的整体。
plot: 可与draft和diagram换用，但侧重于表示具体的点、面、部分或目标，从而使相互关系以及和整体的关系得以明确。
picture, sketch, cartoon, illustration, diagram, painting, portrait, drawing
这组词都有“画，图”的意思，其区别是：
picture: 指广义的“图画”，现多用来指相片、画像。
sketch: 通常指只画出物体主要特征的图画。
cartoon: 指幽默或讽刺性漫画。
illustration: 指插入书页之间帮助说明的任何插图或图解。
diagram: 多指科技书籍或文献中具有概括解说作用的图表、图样或略图。
painting: 指着色的画。
portrait: 指肖像，只用于指人。
drawing: 指用线条或色彩绘成的图画。
n. 图表； [数] 图解
 - chart, graph

Word: gasoline
Front: gasoline
[ˈgæsəli:n] (研四六托 4082/23359 -K2)
Back: n. 汽油
分布：名词(100%)
n.(gasolene)汽油A gallon of gasoline and the nylon overalls fall into the valley.一加仑汽油和尼龙工作裤落进了山谷.
noun uncountable
 IMPROVER US formal for
■ gas (LIQUID FUEL) 液体燃料
gasoline, petrol
这组词都有“汽油”的意思，其区别是：
gasoline: 用于美国
petrol: 英国的用词。
n. [油气] 汽油
 - gas, benzine

Word: helsinki
Front: helsinki
[ˈhelsiŋki] (-/13021)
Back: n. 芬兰首都赫尔辛基
分布：名词(100%)

Word: griffin
Front: griffin
[ˈgrɪfɪn] (27708/13047)
Back: n. <希神>狮身鹫首的怪兽
分布：名词(100%)
→来自希腊语gryps, 弯钩鼻。词源同crook, croquet.
['grɪf.ɪn] (also gryphon)
noun countable
■an imaginary creature with the head and wings of an eagle and the body of a lion （神话中的）狮身鹰首翼兽

Word: hymn
Front: hymn
[hɪm] (六宝 9164/7093 -1)
Vocabulary: hymn
(once / 316 pages)
nv
A hymn is a religious song, especially one praising God. People often sing hymns during church services.
The word hymn comes from the Late Latin hymnus, "song of praise," and the Greek hymnos, "festive song in praise of gods or heroes." Though many people think of hymns as Christian, they're used in many other religions too, from ancient Greek hymns to deities, to Sikh hymns and Hindu hymns to many gods. What these songs have in common is giving thanks or praise to a god or gods.
WORD FAMILY
hymn: hymned, hymning, hymns
USAGE EXAMPLES
A cube-shaped, see-through facade that encases the orb serves as a visual hymn to the European Union’s motto, “United in diversity,” Mr. Samyn said.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
They are rooted in archaic chants, hymns, and chorales.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Through a series of readings from scripture, congregational hymns, choral anthems and instrumental music, we move from creation to the manger in Bethlehem.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 赞美诗; 圣歌
vt. 唱赞歌; 赞美
时态：hymned, hymning, hymns
分布：赞美诗(52%)，圣歌(44%)，唱赞美歌(4%)
→来自拉丁语hymnus,颂歌，来自希腊语hymnos,赞美神或英雄的颂诗，颂歌，来自sam,吟唱。
【记】hymn，hymn，hymn是赞美诗的前奏哼哼的一段hymnology（n 赞美诗学）；hymnbook（n 赞美诗集）
noun countable
■a song of praise that Christians sing to God 赞美诗，圣歌
• a hymn book 赞美诗集
n. 赞美诗；圣歌；欢乐的歌
 - spiritual, chorale

Word: handily
Front: handily
[ˈhændɪli] (19112/46572)
Back: adv. 方便地
分布：敏捷地(50%)，巧妙地(25%)，便利地(25%)
→来自handy,近手的，方便的。
adverb
■in a useful or convenient way 方便地，轻易地
• An additional power switch for the radio is handily located next to the steering wheel. 在方向盘旁边顺手的位置加装了一个收音机电源开关。
• US The Yankees handily (= easily) defeated the Boston Red Sox. 洋基队轻松击败了波士顿红袜队。
adv. 方便地；敏捷地；灵巧地
 - promptly, expediently

Word: immoral
Front: immoral
[ɪˈmɒrəl] (9751/11318 -K1)
Vocabulary: immoral
(once / 823 pages)
adj
Use the adjective immoral to describe a person, group, or situation that intentionally goes against accepted ideas of what is right, like a government that attacks its own people, or a friend who steals your favorite spatula.
Morals are the principles we follow that help us know the difference between right and wrong. When someone is immoral, they make decisions that purposely violate a moral agreement. Immoral is sometimes confused with amoral, which describes someone who has no morals and doesn’t know what right or wrong means. Someone immoral, though, knows the difference and does bad stuff anyway, like that so-called friend who takes your utensils.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
amoral / immoral
Both have to do with right and wrong, but amoral means having no sense of either, like a fish, but the evil immoral describes someone who knows the difference, doesn't care, and says "mwah ha ha" while twirling a mustache.
If you are amoral, you're not a jerk, you just don't know that what you're doing is wrong. In the 1800s, Robert Louis Stevenson, author of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (among other treasures), coined the word amoral to differentiate from immoral. Amoral is generally more descriptive, rather than judgmental:
In an age enamored of machines, life becomes amoral, without moral bearings, devoid of moral categories. (Edith Sizoo)
Amoral nature committed the crime "the man" could not. (Eye for Film)
Immoral is having no morality, being wicked or evil. If you are immoral, you know what society considers right and wrong, yet you do wrong anyway. It's a judgment, no doubt:
The bankers who took millions while destroying people's savings: greedy, selfish, and immoral. (Business Week)
At best, it is in bad taste and worse, flatly immoral. (Scientific American)
If you call someone immoral, you are saying that person knows better. If you call him amoral, you are saying that person does wrong but doesn't understand that it is wrong. It can be a fine line, other times it's clear: If a giant wave turns your boat over, that wave isn't being mean, it's amoral. If another boat rams into you and does the same thing, that is an immoral act, especially if the immoral captain laughs instead of helping you out of the water.
WORD FAMILY
immoral: immorality, immorally+/amoral: amoralism, amorality, amorally /amoralism: amoralist/amoralist: amoralists/ immorality: immoralities/ moral: amoral, immoral, moralise, moralism, morality, moralize, morally, morals /moralisation: moralisations/moralise: moralisation, moralised, moralises, moralising/moralism: moralisms, moralist / moralist: moralists/moralistic: moralistically/ morality: moralistic, moralities/moralization: moralizations/ moralize: moralization, moralized, moralizes, moralizing/moralizing: moralizings
USAGE EXAMPLES
"It's an illegal, unethical and immoral view of the world," he says.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Along with seven other people, he was publicly punished for committing “immoral acts,” she said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“Natural selection is heinously immoral,” he said, invoking Tennyson’s view that nature is “red in tooth and claw.”
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 不道德的; 邪恶的; 猥亵的; 悖德
分布：不道德的(100%)
→im-,不，非，moral,道德的。
不道德的(im+moral道德的)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
US [-'mɑ:r-] adjective
■not within society's standards of acceptable, honest and moral behaviour; morally wrong 不道德的；道德败坏的
• an immoral act 不道德的举动
• immoral behaviour 不道德的行为
• It's an immoral tax, because the poor will pay relatively more. 这是不道德的税收，因为穷人相对要付出更多。
Compare amoral ; moral
immoral earnings
■money earned from prostitution (= having sex in exchange for money) 卖淫所得
• If convicted, she could be jailed for five years for living off immoral earnings. 如果被判有罪，她可能会因靠卖淫为生而被监禁五年。
adj. 不道德的；邪恶的；淫荡的
 - evil, ill, black, ugly, wicked

Word: intuitive
Front: intuitive
[ɪnˈtju:ɪtɪv] (宝 9109/8759 -1)
Vocabulary: intuitive
(once / 1783 pages)
adj
If you're intuitive, you can probably guess what this word means just by looking at it. No? Maybe you're not so intuitive, after all. Intuitive means having the ability to understand or know something without any direct evidence or reasoning process.
Psychics are intuitive. So are mothers when they know you're lying. A process can be said to be intuitive as well, if it can be easily learned without any prior training — like an easy-to-learn software program. In human beings, intuitiveness is often thought of as something more mystical, as in the ability psychics have to predict the future.
WORD FAMILY
intuitive: counterintuitive, intuitively+/ counterintuitive: counterintuitively/ intuit: intuited, intuiting, intuition, intuitive, intuits/ intuition: intuitionism, intuitions/intuitionism: intuitionist
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It means I’m imaginative, intuitive about ideas, visionary, enjoys the unusual and learns by experimenting.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
For any artist in any field, a lot of this is intuitive.
Salon(Dec 16, 2016)
“Conditioning is the most intuitive and familiar way to talk about this benefit for consumers,” said Mr. Lawton.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 直觉的; 凭直觉获知的; 直观的
分布：直觉的(100%)
直觉的[tut,tuit=protect,表示"保护"]
【参】intuition[SAT]（n 直觉）
【反】extraneous（adj 无关系的；外来的）
US [-'tu:.ɪ.tˌɪv] adjective
■based on feelings rather than facts or proof 直觉的；凭直觉的
• an intuitive approach/judgment 凭直觉的方法／判断
• Most people have an intuitive sense of right and wrong. 大多数人具有基于直觉的是非感。
■able to know or understand something because of feelings rather than facts or proof 凭直觉能知晓的
• Men are often regarded as less intuitive than women. 一般都认为男人的直觉不如女人敏锐。
adj. [心理] 直觉的；凭直觉获知的
 - instinctive, presentative

Word: incipient
Front: incipient
[ɪnˈsɪpiənt] (托雅宝 17230/14874)
Vocabulary: incipient
(once / 2890 pages)
adj
Incipient means something is in an early stage of existence. In its incipient form, basketball was played with a soccer ball and peach baskets for goals. Bouncy orange balls and nets came later.
Incipient comes from the Latin incipere "to begin." The related, and more commonly used, word inception means the beginning or the start. It is important to note that when something is in an incipient stage, there is a chance it will never come to completion. So be on the lookout for incipient trouble or an incipient crisis — you might be able to prevent it from happening.
WORD FAMILY
incipient: incipience, incipiency, incipiently+/incipience: incipiences/incipiency: incipiencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Headquartered on the University of Minnesota’s west bank, Glitch helps incipient game designers create, develop and publish games.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
But Jack A. Ablin, chief investment officer for BMO Private Bank, said the Trump administration’s incipient economic goals appear to be threefold.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
There were jokes about bedtimes and rambunctious boys and even one teenager who tried out her incipient wiles on Uncle Bobby.
Slate(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 开始的，初期的
分布：初期的(67%)，起初的(33%)
→in-,进入，使，-cip,拿，带，开始，词源同inception,participate.
开始的;初期的(in+cipi抓＋ent→开始抓→开始的)[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
开始的[incip=begin(开始)]
【记】in进入，cip掉，ient－事情刚掉进来－刚出现的
【反】full-blown[full realized]（充分发展的）
[ɪn'sɪp.i.ənt] formal
adjective
■just beginning 刚开始的；早期的
• signs of incipient public frustration 公众中开始出现的种种失望的迹象
adj. 初期的； [生物] 初始的；起初的；发端的
 - earlier, young

Word: peking
Front: peking
[pi:ˈkiŋ,ˈpi:ˈkiŋ] (-/10739)
Back: n. 北京的旧称，现在称Beijing
分布：北京(100%)

Word: nepali
Front: nepali
[niˈpɔ:li] (31539/-)
Back: n. 尼泊尔语
分布：尼泊尔人(38%)，尼泊尔语(37%)，尼泊尔的(25%)

Word: melancholy
Front: melancholy
[ˈmelənkəli] (六托雅宝 13596/14439 -1)
Vocabulary: melancholy
(once / 197 pages)
nadj
Melancholy is beyond sad: as a noun or an adjective, it's a word for the gloomiest of spirits.
Being melancholy means that you're overcome in sorrow, wrapped up in sorrowful thoughts. The word started off as a noun for deep sadness, from a rather disgusting source. Back in medieval times, people thought that secretions of the body called "humors" determined their feelings, so a depressed person was thought to have too much of the humor known as melancholy — literally "black bile" secreted from the spleen. Fortunately, we no longer think we're ruled by our spleens, and that black bile has been replaced by another color of sorrow: the "blues."
WORD FAMILY
melancholy: melancholies, melancholily
USAGE EXAMPLES
He never tells us what she died of, though there are hints that she committed suicide: “She succumbed to her own melancholy.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
It serves Mr. Pettibon well, deflecting attention from evidence, in his work and in person, of what seems an essentially inward, melancholy character.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
On Thursday, he will participate in a Q. and A. after a screening of “Moonlight,” and will introduce his first feature, “Medicine for Melancholy.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 忧郁; 悲哀; 愁思; 闷闷不乐
adj. 忧郁的; 悲伤的; 凄凉的; 阴沉的
分布：忧郁(83%)，悲伤(8%)，忧愁(6%)，使人悲伤的(2%)，忧沉的(1%)
→来自拉丁语melancholia,来自希腊语malankholia,黑胆汁过度分泌， 忧郁，悲伤，来自melas,黑的，词源同melanin,khole,胆汁，词源同gall.在古代观念中，人的忧郁，悲伤等是由于黑胆汁的过度分泌引起的。参照humor,体液，体液学说。
忧郁(的);令人伤感(的)(原指伤心得胆汁发黑)[melan=black(黑)]
【记】melan黑，chol＝bile（n 胆汁0，y：忧郁是因黑胆汁过多而引起的，以精神郁闷、低沉及怒气猛烈爆发为特征的一种精神状态读：米兰矗立－在AC米兰的草皮上矗立着忧郁的巴乔。
US [-kɑ:.li] noun uncountable formal
■sadness which lasts for a long period of time, often without any obvious reason 忧郁，忧伤
UK ['mel.əŋ.kɒl.i] US [-kɑ:.li] adjective
■sad 忧郁的，忧伤的
• melancholy autumn days 伤感的秋日
• a melancholy piece of music 一首忧伤的乐曲
melancholy, unhappy, blue, sad, sorrowful, gloomy
这组词都有“忧伤的，悲哀的，伤感的”的意思，其区别是：
melancholy: 指经常性的忧郁或悲哀，多用于文学描写中。
unhappy: 多指日常生活中遇到不如意的事而感到不愉快、不幸，侧重指心理状态。
blue: 非正式用词，语气较随便，指较强烈的忧郁或沮丧。
sad: 最常用词，泛指一切形式的悲伤，着重暂时的不幸或感觉的忧伤。
sorrowful: 多指因丧失亲人等原因所引起的悲哀，也指由于错误而产生的悔恨交加的心情。
gloomy: 指愁眉苦脸，令他人也感到扫兴。
adj. 忧郁的；使人悲伤的
 - blue, dark
n. 忧郁；悲哀；愁思
 - sadness, doldrums

Word: nude
Front: nude
[nju:d] (宝 7575/12124 -1)
Vocabulary: nude
(once / 975 pages)
adjn
Someone who's nude isn't wearing any clothes. In modern society, we're generally nude in the shower but fully dressed when we go to work.
Whether you say you're "in your birthday suit," "au naturel," or "unclothed" — when you're nude, you're naked. You might find the word in the phrase "in the nude," which also simply means nude, or describing a work of art as "a nude," or a painting or sculpture of a nude person. In the 1500s, nude was a legal term meaning "unsupported," from the Latin nudus, "bare." The "naked" definition didn't became popular until the nineteenth century.
WORD FAMILY
nude: denude, nudely, nudeness, nuder, nudes, nudism, nudity, seminude+/denudate: denudated, denudating/denudation: denudations/ denude: denudate, denudation, denuded, denudes, denuding/nudism: nudist/nudist: nudists/nudity: nudities
USAGE EXAMPLES
A fully nude man is in line ahead of us for coat check.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Perched high on Mr. Pettibon’s studio wall, along with various small, kitschy canvases, were a handful of his father’s paintings of nudes.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“I felt they were in good taste. I thought nudes were lovely.”
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 裸体的; 无装饰的; [法]无效的，无偿的
n. 裸体; 裸体像
级别：nuder, nudest
分布：与生俱有的(50%)，无装饰的(50%)
→来自拉丁语nudus,裸体的，未穿衣服的，来自nogw,裸体的，词源同naked,gymnasium.
US [nu:d] adjective
■not wearing any clothes; naked 一丝不挂的；裸体的
• She once posed nude for a magazine. 她曾为一本杂志拍过裸照。
• Nude sunbathing is only allowed on certain beaches. 只有在某些海滩上才允许晒裸体日光浴。
■being the colour of skin 肉色的
• nude lipstick 肉色唇膏
UK [nju:d] US [nu:d] noun countable
■a picture or other piece of art showing a person who is not wearing any clothes 裸体画；裸体艺术作品
• The exhibition includes several superb nudes. 展览上有几件上乘的裸体艺术作品。
in the nude
■not wearing any clothes 一丝不挂地；裸体地
• The children were running around the garden in the nude. 孩子们甚么也没穿，在花园里到处跑。
adj. 裸的，裸体的；无装饰的；与生俱有的
 - naked, austere
n. 裸体；裸体画
 - birthday suit, altogether

Word: rancour
Front: rancour
[ˈræŋkə(r)] (-/19755)
Back: n. 深仇，积怨，怨恨; 冤仇
分布：深仇(60%)，怨恨(30%)，=rancor.(10%)
US [-kɚ] noun uncountable formal
■a feeling of hate and continuing anger about something in the past 记恨；积怨；怨恨
• They cheated me, but I feel no rancour towards/against them. 他们欺骗了我，但是我并没有对他们怀恨在心。
n. 深仇；敌意
 - hatred, hostility

Word: raucous
Front: raucous
[ˈrɔ:kəs] (托宝 12915/19242 -1)
Vocabulary: raucous
(once / 3826 pages)
adj
Raucous means unpleasantly loud, or behaving in a noisy and disorderly way. It can be hard to give an oral report in the front of a classroom when the kids in the back are being raucous.
Raucous is often used to refer to loud laughter, loud voices, or a loud party, all of which can be harsh or unpleasant. Near synonyms are strident and rowdy. This adjective is from Latin raucus "hoarse." Think of raucous as people whose hoarseness can't come on too soon.
WORD FAMILY
raucous: raucously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Last year he braved raucous street protests and tussles on the Diet floor to deliver a constitutional reinterpretation allowing Japan to engage in “collective self-defense.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Yet there they were, delivering with a division title hanging in the balance in a raucous 31-27 victory .
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Roman Torres’ penalty kick clinched the title and set the stage for a raucous parade to Seattle Center three days later.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 粗声的，沙哑的; 刺耳的
分布：沙哑的(46%)，刺耳的(29%)，粗声的(25%)
→来自拉丁语 raucus,沙哑声，来自 reu,发出沙哑的叫声，拟声词。
【记】读：我咳嗽－沙哑的
【反】melodious（adj 音调优美的）
US ['rɑ:-] adjective
■loud and unpleasant （声音）刺耳的，尖厉的
• I heard the raucous call of the crows. 我听到那些乌鸦刺耳的叫声。
• Raucous laughter came from the next room. 隔壁房间传来刺耳的笑声。
• The party was becoming rather raucous. 聚会变得越来越吵闹。
adj. 沙哑的；刺耳的；粗声的
 - grinding, sharp, harsh

Word: respectful
Front: respectful
[rɪˈspektfl] (四六 8374/13810 -1)
Vocabulary: respectful
(once / 314 pages)
adj
If you’re respectful, you show consideration and regard for someone or something. Be respectful of your neighbors and turn down your disco music when it gets late.
Respectful is the adjective form of the common word respect, which means a feeling of admiration. So when you behave in a way that’s respectful, you’re doing something to show admiration for another person. You might sit in respectful silence when your teacher enters the room. You can be respectful of situations as well as people. You might be respectful of the democratic process and not complain about not winning your school election.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
respectfully / respectively
If you kiss the mob boss's ring, do it respectfully, or full of respect and admiration. But respectively means "in the order given," so if you have to kiss up to the rest of the mob, make sure to shake hands and high five Jimmy Rags and Tommy Two Face, respectively because Jimmy prefers a handshake, but Tommy loves a good high five.
To show respect is to show how you admire something or someone, to show deference or obedience. Therefore, when you do something respectfully, you're being polite because you do it full of respect:
Mr. Ruck listened, as he always listened, respectfully. (Henry James)
"So tonight, we are respectfully asking the candidates to try to put aside the talking points," he says. (Time)
The servants bowed respectfully, and retired in silence. (Bernhard Severin Ingemann)
Respectively, on the other hand, means in a manner that treats several things individually, one by one, in a sequence. It's a way to keep lists parallel, and it rescues sentences from extra words:
By comparison, Mitalas said fellow Metro League schools Seattle Prep and Lakeside had 70 and 40 turn out, respectively. (Seattle Times)
That's easier to say than "Seattle Prep had a turn out of 70 and Lakeside had a turn out of 40." Same goes for this quote from an obituary of actor Cliff Robertson:
His TV performances in "Days of Wine and Roses" and "The Hustler," for example, were filmed with Jack Lemmon and Paul Newman, respectively. (Washington Post)
Sign your emails "respectfully yours" if you're full of respect for the person you're writing to, and save respectively for singling things out. The grammar mob appreciates your attention to these details.
WORD FAMILY
respectful: disrespectful, respectfully, respectfulness, self-respectful+/ disrespect: disrespected, disrespecting, disrespects/ disrespectful: disrespectfully/ respect: disrespect, respectable, respected, respecter, respectful, respecting, respects, self-respect/respectability: respectabilities/ respectable: respectability, respectabler, respectablest, respectably, unrespectable/respecter: respecters/respecting: self-respecting/unrespectable: unrespectability
USAGE EXAMPLES
Alaoui shunned the traditions of ethnographic “exoticism,” instead favoring a more egalitarian, respectful approach.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
He wants his son to call 911 if he needs to and be respectful of police, yet cautious.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
“I think Paramount felt intimidated by August’s demand for a black director, and frustrated, but ultimately respectful,” said John Breglio, who was then Wilson’s lawyer.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 有礼貌的; 恭敬的; 殷勤的; 穆
分布：有礼貌的(59%)，谦恭的(25%)，表示尊敬的(16%)
→来自 respect,尊敬，尊重。
充满敬意的(respect+ful)[spect,spic=look,see,表示"看"]
adjective
ADMIRATION 尊重的
■showing admiration for someone or something 毕恭毕敬的；表示尊敬的；尊重的
• "We're so pleased to meet you at last," he said in a respectful tone of voice. “我们终于和您见面了，真是万分高兴，”他毕恭毕敬地说道。
Opposite disrespectful
[rɪ'spekt.fəl] adjective
HONOUR 有礼貌的
■showing politeness or honour to someone or something 恭敬的；按照礼仪的；有礼貌的
• There was a respectful two-minute silence as we remembered the soldiers who had died in the war. 在纪念战争中阵亡将士的仪式上，我们心怀崇敬默哀两分钟。
be respectful of sth
■to accept that something is important and not to try to change it or cause offence 尊重；遵奉；礼待
• He taught his children to be respectful of other cultures. 他教导他的孩子们要尊重其他文化。
respectful, respected, respective, respectable
respectful: 指“充满敬意的”，是主动性的尊重他人。如：The students were very respectful towards the great man.(这些学生对这位伟人十分敬仰。)
respected: 表示受人尊敬的，可用于对年长的人，权威性的意见等。
respective: 表“各自分别的”，修饰名词时，名词一般用复数。如：They went back to their respective houses.(他们回了各自的家。)
respectable: 可尊敬的，值得尊重的。如：His parents were poor but respectable.(他父母虽穷却令人尊敬。)
adj. 恭敬的；有礼貌的
 - civil, polite

Word: slur
Front: slur
[slɜ:(r)] (宝 14203/19367 -1)
Vocabulary: slur
(once / 3245 pages)
1vn 2vn
A slur is an insulting remark. In a political campaign, it’s not unheard of for a candidate to launch a slur at her opponent, though doing so is usually frowned upon.
Slur can also be used as a verb meaning “to insult,” and it has a number of additional meanings as well. To slur one’s speech is to pronounce words in a clumsy, lazy way. In the context of music, to slur is to slide smoothly from one note to another. The word history of slur is hazy, but some scholars have suggested a relationship with a Dutch word meaning "to drag."
WORD FAMILY
slur: slurred, slurring, slurs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lane argued it was a complimentary reference to physical strength and “was not accompanied by any overtly racial slurs.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Marchand says the person who used the slur also directed it at a teammate.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Passengers became suspicious when they heard slurred words and unclear announcements from the cockpit.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 诽谤; 含糊地说; 连唱
n. 诋毁; 含糊发音; 连唱线
时态：slurred, slurring, slurs
分布：诋毁(39%)，诽谤(15%)，忽略(9%)，中伤(9%)，含糊地念(6%)，污点(6%)，草率地看过(6%)，耻辱(4%)，印刷模糊(3%)，污迹(3%)
→来自辅音丛 sl-,黏滑的，淤泥的，泥浆的，比较 slop,slosh,slough,sludge.引申比喻义涂抹泥浆， 诽谤，侮辱。词义含混的说话可能来自拟声词。
【记】有lur的都有模糊的意思，blur（v 使模糊）
【反】pronounce clearly（清楚地发音）
US [slɝ:] verb transitive (-rr-)
PRONOUNCE BADLY 发音糟糕
■to pronounce the sounds of a word in a way which is not clear, uncontrolled or wrong 含糊地说，口齿不清地说
• Her speech was slurred but she still denied she was drunk. 她口齿都不清楚了，但还不承认自己喝醉了。
UK [slɜ:r] US [slɝ:] verb transitive (-rr-)
MUSIC 音乐
■to sing or play notes in a smooth and connected manner 连唱；连奏
UK [slɜ:r] US [slɝ:] verb transitive (-rr-)
CRITICIZE 批评
■to harm someone's reputation by criticizing them 诽谤（指责某人而损害其名誉）
• The report slurs both the teachers and pupils. 该报道诋毁了教师和学生。
UK [slɜ:r] US [slɝ:] noun
CRITICISM 批评
countable
■a remark that criticizes someone which is likely to have a harmful effect on their reputation 诋毁，诽谤
• Her letter contained several outrageous slurs against/on her former colleagues. 她信里有好几处内容在肆意诋毁以前同事。
• His comments cast a slur on the integrity of his employees. 他的评论是对其员工正直品格的诋毁。
UK [slɜ:r] US [slɝ:] noun
BAD PRONUNCIATION 糟糕发音
only singular
■when you pronounce the sounds of a word in a way which is not clear, uncontrolled or wrong 含糊发音，不清楚地发音
• The drug affected her vision and made her speak with a slur. 药物影响了她的视力，使她的口齿也不清楚了。
UK [slɜ:r] US [slɝ:] noun
MUSIC 音乐
countable
■a curved line written over or under musical notes to show that they must be played in a smooth and connected manner （乐谱上的）连奏线，连唱线 ； 连音符
vt. 忽视；草率地看过；含糊地念；诋毁
 - ignore, neglect
vi. 含糊地发音；潦草地写字；拖着脚走
 - drag along, drag one's feet
n. 污点；诽谤；连音符
 - scandal, jaup

Word: sparse
Front: sparse
[spɑ:s] (托雅宝 10437/9557 -1)
Vocabulary: sparse
(once / 1879 pages)
adj
Something that’s sparse is thin, not dense. If you’re looking for the perfect place to build a tree house, a sparse forest is probably not your best bet.
From the Latin sparsus, meaning “scattered,” we get the adjective sparse, which means “few and scattered.” Thinning hair is sparse, as is the population of an endangered species. Or a small and scattered crowd for an unpopular band. Synonyms include dispersed, infrequent, and scanty. Antonyms, on the other hand, include full, lush, and plentiful.
WORD FAMILY
sparse: sparsely, sparseness, sparser, sparsest, sparsity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most moving is the scene in which the women exchange confidences as rain pours down, and customers are sparse.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“A lot of the fringe sites looked a lot more sparse,” he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
For now, his plantation is fairly sparse, except for an area he’s named the Hill of Frankincense.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 稀疏的; 稀少的
级别：sparser, sparsest
分布：稀疏的(64%)，稀少的(36%)
→来自拉丁语 sparse,散开的，播洒的，来自 spargere,散开，播种，来自 sperg,播，洒，溅， 来自 sper,播，洒，词源同 sprinkle,spread,intersperse.引申词义稀少的，稀疏的等。
【记】spar（v 拳击），se死：人都被拳击打死了－稀少的
【反】rife（adj 普遍的）；copious（adj 很多的；丰富的）
US [spɑ:rs] adjective
■small in numbers or amount, often scattered over a large area 稀少的；稀疏的，零落的
• a sparse population/audience 稀少的人口／观众
• sparse vegetation/woodland 稀疏的植被／林地
• a sparse beard 稀稀疏疏的胡子
• Information coming out of the disaster area is sparse. 来自灾区的资讯很少。
adj. 稀疏的；稀少的
 - exiguous, infrequent

Word: soot
Front: soot
[sʊt] (宝 14589/14702 -1)
Back: n. 煤烟，烟灰; 油烟
v. 煤烟弄脏; 弄得尽是煤烟
时态：sooted, sooting, soots
分布：煤烟(57%)，烟尘(42%)，熏以煤烟(1%)
→来自古英语 sot,煤烟，烟灰，来自 Proto-Germanic*sota,煤烟，油灰，来自 sitjana,坐下，来自 sed,坐下，词源同 sit,sedate.比喻用法。
【记】he他被抹了soot，应该有人soothe他一下。
noun uncountable
■a black powder made mainly of carbon which is produced when coal, wood, etc. is burnt 煤烟；煤灰
• It can be dangerous to let too much soot accumulate inside a chimney. 烟囱里堆积过多的煤灰是很危险的。
n. 煤烟，烟灰
 - coom, cigarette ash

Word: skim
Front: skim
[skɪm] (研四六托雅宝 8515/9925 -1)
Vocabulary: skim
(once / 927 pages)
1vnadj 2vn 3v
To skim is to remove something from the surface of a liquid. Some cooks skim the fat off of the top of their chicken noodle soup, others skim the cream off milk to make skim (or skimmed) milk.
Cream is what you skim off the surface of milk, and if you don't like the whipped version, you might skim it from your hot chocolate. Another way to use the word skim is to mean "read quickly," like when you skim the newspaper, catching just the headlines as you search for the comics section. Skim has an Old French root, escumer, "remove scum," from escume, "scum." The "glance through a book" meaning came later, in the late 1700’s.
WORD FAMILY
skim: skiming, skimmed, skimmer, skimming, skims+/skimmer: skimmers/skimming: skimmings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Skim the fat off the top with a ladle and discard.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Fairley was convicted Sept. 12 on three counts of conspiracy and theft for skimming money from a federal housing program.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Fairley was convicted Sept. 12 on three counts of conspiracy and theft in a federal case involving money skimmed from a federal housing program.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: v. 略读; 撇去; 使掠过; （为逃税而）隐瞒（部分收入）
adj. 脱脂的; 撇去浮沫的
n. 撇; 撇去的东西; 瞒报所得的收入
时态：skimmed, skimming, skims
分布：掠过(37%)，略读(25%)，撇去(22%)，浮沫(6%)，滑过(4%)，脱脂物(4%)，表面凝结(2%)
vt.撇去(液体表面)之漂浮物vi.轻轻掠过A swallow flew west skimming the lake.一只燕子掠过湖面往西飞.
【记】从液体中skim掉液体的skin。
[skɪm] (-mm-)
verb
MOVE ABOVE 在上方移动
   intransitive or transitive
■to move quickly just above a surface without touching it 掠过，擦过（表面）
• The birds skimmed (across/along/over) the tops of the waves. 鸟儿从浪头上飞过。
transitive UK (US skip)
■to throw a flat stone horizontally over water so that it touches and rises off the surface several times 扔（石块）打水漂
• We watched a child skimming stones across the lake. 我们看着一个孩子在湖上打水漂。
[skɪm] (-mm-)
verb
CONSIDER QUICKLY 快速考虑
   intransitive or transitive
■to read or consider something quickly in order to understand the main points, without studying it in detail 浏览，粗略地考虑
• I've only skimmed (through/over) his letter; I haven't read it carefully yet. 我只是大致看了一遍他的来信，还没有细读。
• We've only skimmed the surface of (= considered a small part of) the problem. 我们只是粗浅地讨论了一下这个问题。
[skɪm] (-mm-)
verb
REMOVE 移开
   transitive
■to remove something solid from the surface of a liquid （从液体表面）撇去
• Strain the cooking liquid and skim off the fat. 把熬好的汤过滤，撇去油脂。
[skɪm] (-mm-)
verb
STEAL 偷
   transitive
■to secretly use a piece of equipment that records someone's credit card details when they are paying for something, in order to use their credit card account illegally 盗取（信用卡密码等）（用一种设备暗中纪录某人为某物支付时的信用卡详细细节，以便非法使用他们的信用卡帐户）
[skɪm] (-mm-)
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  skim sb/sth off
■to choose the best people or things from a group 挑选
• We've skimmed off the six people who seem to be the most suitable for the job. 我们挑选了六个看起来最适合该项工作的人。
devor, read, scan, skim
这组词都有“读、阅读”的意思，其区别是：
devor: 指贪婪地读，暗含对某些作者或作品迷恋之义。
read: 最普通用词，含义广泛。既指朗读又可指默读。
scan: 指快速扫视文章等以抓住其要旨。
skim: 指略读或浏览。
vt. 略读；撇去…的浮物；从…表面飞掠而过；去除；（为逃税而）隐瞒（部分收入）
 - conceal, hold back
vi. 浏览；掠过
 - page, brush
adj. 脱脂的；撇去浮沫的；表层的
 - nonfat, defatted

Word: singular
Front: singular
[ˈsɪŋgjələ(r)] (研四六雅 9212/11662 -1)
Vocabulary: singular
(once / 135 pages)
adjn
If something is extraordinary, remarkable, or one of a kind, you can say it is singular. A singular opportunity to sing onstage with a rock star is a remarkable opportunity.
Seeing the single inside singular can help you understand its meaning in the sense of one. In grammar, singular means one, as opposed to plural, which means more than one. But singular’s not always––or singularly––about being unique. Walking through a foggy cemetery might give you a singular feeling––or a feeling that’s odd and peculiar––that ghosts could possibly be real.
WORD FAMILY
singular: singularise, singularity, singularize, singularly, singulars+/ singularity: singularities/singularize: singularizes, singularizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pictorial elements may be soft or hard, recurring or singular, outlined or not.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The mother is a singular star to her baby, whose gaze follows her around the room with the watchfulness of an obsessive fan.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr. Washington directs with an ear for Wilson’s singular dialogue as well as a master’s interpretive of Wilson’s complex themes and family dynamics.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. <语>单数的; <正>突出的; 奇特的; 非凡的
n. 单数形式（的词）
→single,单个的，-ular,形容词后缀。引申诸相关词义。
a.非凡的,卓越的;单数的The sinful single singer's finger skin is singular.有罪的单身歌手的手指皮肤独特.
【反】worldly（adj 世间的；世俗的）
US [-lɚ] adjective
GRAMMAR 文法
 ADVANCED
■of or relating to the form of a word used when talking or writing about one thing 单数（的）
• a singular ending/form/noun/verb 单数词尾／形式／名词／动词
• The word 'woman' is singular. Woman 这个单词是单数形式。
UK ['sɪŋ.gjʊ.lər] US [-lɚ] adjective
NOTICEABLE 引人注意的
[before noun] formal
■of an unusual quality or standard; noticeable 特别的；引人注意的
• It was a building of singular grace and beauty. 这栋建筑物非常雅致、漂亮。
• He showed a singular lack of skill in painting. 他非常欠缺绘画技巧。
UK ['sɪŋ.gjʊ.lər] US [-lɚ] adjective
STRANGE 奇怪的 formal
■unusual or strange; not ordinary 特别的，奇特的
UK ['sɪŋ.gjʊ.lər] US [-lɚ] noun only singular
 ADVANCED
■the form of a word used when talking or writing about one thing 单数的
• The singular of 'children' is 'child'. children 的单数形式是 child。
• The word 'teeth' is plural - in the singular it's 'tooth'. 单词 teeth 是复数形式——单数形式是 tooth。
eccentric, peculiar, strange, queer, curious, crazy, funny, odd, singular, quaint
这组词都有“奇怪的，奇异的，新奇的”的意思，其区别是：
eccentric: 指偏离常规的怪异或怪癖。
peculiar: 侧重令人奇怪的或独一无二的特性，也指性格特征方面显著的与众不同之处。
strange: 普通常用词，含义广泛，指陌生新奇、奇怪、奇怪或不自然的人或物。
queer: 指一种无法解释的怪诞，强调事物的奇特和不可思议。
curious: 通常指非常特别或能引起注意、研究或探索的奇特。
crazy: 多指与众不同的行为、外表或人与物本身，含荒唐可笑或神经不正常的意味。
funny: 较通俗用词，指奇怪得滑稽可笑或反常。
odd: 通常指不规律、偶尔出现的人或事物，往往令人困惑或奇怪。
singular: 通常指异常或奇特，暗含不同于一般。
quaint: 指古色古香，会人感到既奇怪又有趣。
adj. 单数的；单一的；非凡的； [数] 异常的
 - remarkable, extraordinary, novel, wonder, exquisite

Word: trove
Front: trove
[trəʊv] (托 16489/23764)
Vocabulary: trove
(once / 6953 pages)
n
A trove is a valuable collection of something. You might discover a trove of old comic books in the basement of your uncle's house, or a trove of candy bars at the back of a kitchen cabinet.
If you found a treasure chest full of gold doubloons buried in your back yard, you could absolutely call that a trove — but you can also use trove for any wonderful or precious stash of stuff. Archaeologists might uncover a trove of fossils, and Easter egg hunters are hoping to discover a trove of eggs and candy. Trove was first used in the phrase treasure trove, from the Anglo-French tresor trové, rooted in the Old French trover, "to find."
WORD FAMILY
trove: troves
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the tombs of queens were found troves of gold and jewelry.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The tombs of queens yielded troves of gold and jewelry.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
That material turned over to Columbia offers a preview of the wider trove.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. （物主不明的）发掘出来的金银财宝
分布：贵重发现物(50%)，珍藏品(50%)
→缩写自 treasure trove,找到的珍宝，来自古法语 trover,打到，发现，来自通俗拉丁语*tropare, 找到，发现，词源同 turn,trope,troubadour.在语法格上，该词为动词 trover 的过去分词格。

Word: urine
Front: urine
[ˈjʊərɪn] (7165/6546 -2)
Back: n. 尿; 小便; 下泉
分布：尿(96%)，小便(4%)
→来自uers,下雨，流水，流乳，词源同Uranus, udder. 委婉语指小便，比较whore.
尿[wrin,ur=urine,表示"尿"]
US ['jʊr.ɪn] noun uncountable
■the yellowish liquid waste which is released from the body when you go to the toilet 尿液，小便
n. [生理] 尿
 - emiction, pee

Word: aloft
Front: aloft
[əˈlɒft] (托宝 12541/14657 -1)
Vocabulary: aloft
(once / 567 pages)
adv
Something up in the air or really high is aloft. Aloft has a soft, floaty sound to it, and it's a great word for talking about flying birds, airborne ballet dancers, and soaring spitballs.
Things that are above or overhead are aloft, and they can be flying free or lifted up. Frisbees are aloft when they cut through the air, and your hands are aloft when you hold them high to catch a Frisbee. Some things are stationary, or set in place, and aloft, like tree houses and birds' nests. You might feel suspended in time as you catch air on your bike, aloft over the ground — until you hit pavement reality three seconds later.
WORD FAMILY
aloft
USAGE EXAMPLES
The “collective” drone idea follows another interesting scheme depicted in an Amazon patent document published in April: flying warehouses held aloft by blimps.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
At one point, the fans held them aloft in tribute.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Suggestions of shamanic figures and ritual dancers hold their linked arms aloft.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adv. 在空中; 在高处
分布：在空中(48%)，在高处(42%)，在桅杆上(5%)，在 ... 上(5%)
→来自短语on loft. 单词loft, 阁楼，高空，lift的名词。
在高处,在空中[loft=sky(天空)]
【记】loft（n 阁楼，鸽房）－在空中
【反】grounded（adj 接地的）；founder（v 沉没）－keep[stay] aloft（在高处）
US [-'lɑ:ft] formal
adverb
■in the air or in a higher position 在高处；在上面；在空中
• We held our glasses aloft. 我们高举酒杯。
adv. 在空中；在高处；在上面
 - above, overhead
prep. 在…之上；在…顶上
 - onto, upon, up
adj. 在空中的；在高处的；在上面的
 - superincumbent, pinnacled

Word: anachronistic
Front: anachronistic
[əˌnækrə'nɪstɪk] (宝 18484/18565)
Vocabulary: anachronistic
(once / 18526 pages)
adj
Something that's old-fashioned and maybe a little out of place is anachronistic, like a clunky black rotary-dial telephone sitting on a desk beside a sleek new smart-phone (or whatever the new technology when you read this).
The adjective anachronistic comes from the Greek words ana, or "against", and khronos, or "time." It usually refers to something old-fashioned or antique, but it can also mean anything that blatantly clashes with the time in which it is seen. Imagine watching a movie that takes place in the 1700s and seeing one of the characters pull out a cell phone. Any phone, in the context of the movie's time period, would be anachronistic.
WORD FAMILY
anachronistic: anachronistically+/anachronic: anachronism / anachronism: anachronisms, anachronistic
USAGE EXAMPLES
The anachronistic Labor Department needs to be brought into the 21st century.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The show opened on Christmas Eve and ran until 16 January, and consisted of variety performances, with sketches and comedy that seemed anachronistic even then.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
This has become one of rock music’s defining conditions: it now seems anachronistic and provincial, safely and comfortably mainstream even at its most unruly.
The New Yorker(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 时代错误的
分布：时代错误的(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
落伍的;过时的
You say that something is anachronistic when you think that it is out of date or old-fashioned.
例：Many of its practices seem anachronistic.它的很多习俗显得落伍过时。

Word: approximately
Front: approximately
[əˈprɒksɪmətli] (高四六托 2365/2850 -K)
Vocabulary: approximately
(once / 877 pages)
adv
Approximately is close to a particular time, measurement, or number — but it's not exact. If you plan to meet a friend at approximately 2:00, it will be okay if you are a bit early or late.
Approximately has its roots in the Latin word proximus, meaning "nearly." So, approximately means "about" or "close to." If you tell someone there will be approximately seventy people at a dinner, it means you expect seventy people, though the actual number could be a little more or a little less than seventy.
WORD FAMILY
approximate: approximated, approximately, approximates, approximating, approximation, approximative+/ approximation: approximations/approximative: approximatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
She lost approximately six units of blood during the crash.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
So what’s in it for Schoolcraft’s approximately 8,000 students?
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Dominion Energy is partnering with other energy companies on the approximately 600-mile-long project.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adv. 近似地，大约; 许
分布：大约(58%)，近似地(42%)
US [-'prɑ:k-] adverb
 ADVANCED
■close to a particular number or time although not exactly that number or time 大约，大概，左右
• The job will take approximately three weeks, and cost approximately £1000. 这项工作大概需时三周，费用为1000英镑左右。
almost, approximately, about, nearly, roughly, around
这组词都有“大约，差不多”的意思，其区别是：
almost: 指在程度上相差很小，差不多。
approximately: 多用于书面语，指精确度接近某个标准以致误差可忽略不计。
about: 常可分almost和nearly换用，但about用于表示时间、数量的“大约”时，实际数量可能多也可能少。
nearly: 与almost含义基本相同，侧重指数量、时间或空间上的接近。
roughly: 指按精略估计，常代替about。
around: 多用于非正式场合，常见于美国英语。
adv. 大约，近似地；近于
 - around, something

Word: avow
Front: avow
[əˈvaʊ] (托宝 27261/34330)
Vocabulary: avow
(once / 455 pages)
1v 2v
When you avow something, you say it openly for the whole world to hear. If you're a witness in a trial, you'll be asked to take an oath in which you'll avow that you'll tell the truth.
A simple way to remember the meaning of avow is that it sounds and looks a whole lot like "a vow," to which it's closely related. At the end of almost every wedding, the couple takes their vows, in which they avow their commitment to each other. To take a vow is to avow the things that you say in that vow. Be sure that you mean what you say when you avow something, because people will hold you to it. And don't mutter or mumble. That's no way to avow something.
WORD FAMILY
avow: avowal, avowed, avower, avowing, avows, disavow +/ avowal: avowals/avowed: avowedly, unavowed/avower: avowers/ disavow: disavowable, disavowal, disavowed, disavowing, disavows/ disavowal: disavowals/unavowed: unavowedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The day ended when he sat down to dinner each night with his father, an avowed segregationist.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
But endorsements from the avowed stoners of hip-hop and skate culture aren’t exactly groundbreaking.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Some 12 million Americans voted for an avowed socialist – Bernie Sanders – and millions more are now polarized against Trump and his administration’s bigotry.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 公开声明，承认
adj. 可明言的; 公开声明的，承认的
n. 公开宣布
时态：avowed, avowing, avows
分布：承认(86%)，公开宣称声明(14%)
→来自拉丁语advocare的法语形式。前缀ad-,向。词根voc,声音。
【记】a一再，vow（v 发誓）－公开声明。参：avowal（n 公开声明）
formal
verb transitive
■to state or admit something 声明；宣称；承认
• [+ that] He avowed that he regretted what he had done. 他承认对自己的所作所为感到后悔。
• It is a society in which homosexuality is rarely avowed. 这样一个社会中，很少有人公开承认自己是同性恋。
vt. 承认；公开宣称；坦率承认
 - accept, recognize, agree, acknowledge, grant

Word: bigotry
Front: bigotry
[ˈbɪgətri] (托 12992/22501)
Vocabulary: bigotry
(once / 2400 pages)
n
If a person is intolerant of other ideas, races, or religions, we call that person a bigot. The intolerance expressed by that bigot is called bigotry. Bigotry is ugly.
There are different types of bigotry — like religious bigotry or racist bigotry. Although bigotry can mean any form of intolerance or prejudice, when the word is used alone, it is most often understood to mean racial bigotry. The bigotry behind Jim Crow laws that separated races in the 1950s seems unbelievable to most modern teenagers.
WORD FAMILY
bigot: bigoted, bigotry, bigots
USAGE EXAMPLES
But since then, Mummers and the city offered voluntary sensitivity training and Mummers leaders published an open letter condemning expressions and hate and bigotry.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
With reports of rising incidents of Islamophobia and anti-Semitism during the 2016 campaign, activists will need to ramp up their efforts to counter bigotry.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
They cater to bigotry and fear, which fly in the face of our country’s most precious values.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 偏执，顽固，偏执的行为; 盲从
分布：顽固(59%)，固执(36%)，顽迷(5%)
N-UNCOUNT
偏执；顽固
Bigotry is the possession or expression of strong, unreasonable prejudices or opinions.
例：He deplored religious bigotry.他强烈谴责了宗教偏执。
n. 偏执；顽固；盲从
 - stiffness, crankiness

Word: blister
Front: blister
[ˈblɪstə(r)] (11153/15538 -1)
Vocabulary: blister
(once / 1242 pages)
1nv 2v
A blister is a fluid-filled bubble people get where something rubs or burns the skin. Common causes are wearing fancy new shoes, playing sports, and trying to cook bananas flambé. Having a blister is no fun.
A blister is a round raised area caused by repeated friction or rubbing. A second-degree burn can also cause a blister. A blister isn’t always a human problem. Plants can get blisters, and sometimes air bubbles on the surface of a painted wall or a shellacked table are called blisters. The verb blister means to form a blister. The Old French root word is blestre, "lump or bump."
WORD FAMILY
blister: blistered, blistering, blisters, blistery+/ blistering: blisteringly, blisterings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two years ago on this date, this Staten Island rock band bade farewell to the Brooklyn D.I.Y. venue Glasslands with a blistering set.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The blister burst and became a bedsore that wouldn’t heal.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
It’s a knockout moment, delivered by a blistering Davis with tears and snot smeared across her face.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 水疱; 水肿; 疱; 气泡
vt. & vi. （使）起水泡
vi. （使表皮等）涨破，爆裂
时态：blistered, blistering, blisters
分布：水泡(70%)，气泡(18%)，生水疱(4%)，责骂(4%)，使冒泡(4%)
→词源同ball, 指鼓起来的。
US [-tɚ] noun countable
■a painful red swelling on the skin that contains liquid, caused usually by continuous rubbing, especially on your foot, or by burning （皮肤通常因摩擦或烫伤而起的）水疱
• New shoes always give me blisters. 新鞋总会把我的脚磨出疱。
■a hollow rounded swelling that appears on a surface 水泡；气泡
UK ['blɪs.tər] US [-tɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to get blisters or cause blisters （使…）起水泡
• The sun blistered the paintwork. 涂好的油漆被太阳晒得起了泡。
• I burnt my shoulders over the weekend and they're starting to blister. 周末时我的肩膀晒伤了，现在开始起水疱了。
n. 水泡； [医] 水疱； [冶] 气泡；砂眼；起泡剂
 - bubble, blain
vt. 使起水泡；痛打；猛烈抨击
 - light into, belabour

Word: breeder
Front: breeder
[ˈbri:də(r)] (10669/9187)
Back: n. （动物）饲者，种畜; 起因; 增殖反应堆
分布：饲养动物的人(78%)，培育植物的人(22%)
【记】breed（v （使）繁殖，抚养；n 品种，种类）
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■someone who breeds animals 饲养动物的人，饲养员
• She was one of the country's top sheep breeders. 她是全国最棒的绵羊饲养员之一。
n. 饲养员；繁殖者；起因；增殖反应堆
 - keeper, feeder

Word: brainchild
Front: brainchild
[ˈbreɪntʃaɪld] (18305/19694 -1)
Back: n. 脑力劳动的产物; 独创的观念，点子
分布：脑力劳动的产物(55%)，创作(27%)，独创的观念(18%)
noun only singular
■a clever and original idea, plan or invention 脑力劳动的产物；智力结晶
• The project was the brainchild of one of the students. 这个计划是其中的一个学生想出来的。

Word: drab
Front: drab
[dræb] (宝 15038/11332 -1)
Vocabulary: drab
(once / 2072 pages)
nadj
Dull, dreary, dingy, depressing: These adjectives capture the sense of drab, whether the word is used to describe a muted color, a miserable mood, or an oppressively boring existence.
Have you ever heard of the color olive drab? It's the color the military clothes its soldiers in and is the original meaning of the word drab. A little over 100 years ago, people began using drab in the metaphorical sense to mean "dull" and "lacking brightness." If a website or an advertisement is drab, the page is boring and unattractive. If it is cold and rainy for a week, you'll get awfully tired of those drab days, and a great teacher can make even the drabbest book come to life.
WORD FAMILY
drab: drabbed, drabber, drabbest, drabbing, drably, drabness, drabs+/drabness: drabnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Chicago designer Tom Stringer agreed, noting that while “blush was promoted as a color trend earlier in the year, it already looks tired and drab.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Ms. Munro’s northern world is a place of drab, wintry tones and buttoned-up emotions, a far cry from Mr. Almodóvar’s empire of passions.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
It views the world through Mike’s eyes, and what he sees is unfailingly drab.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 单调的; 土褐色的
n. 乏味，单调; 无生气
vi. 嫖妓
级别：drabber, drabbest
分布：单调的(48%)，土褐色的(21%)，乏味的(19%)，邋遢女人(4%)，娼妓(4%)，少量(4%)
→来自drape, 布匹，未浸染着色过的布匹。引申词义单调的。
【参】drabness （n 乏味；无聊）＝dullness＝dreariness
[dræb] (drabber, drabbest) disapproving
adjective
■boring, especially in appearance; having little colour and excitement （尤指外表）单调的，乏味的，缺乏色彩的，平淡的
• She walked through the city centre with its drab, grey buildings and felt depressed. 走过市中心那些单调的灰色建筑物，她心里感觉很压抑。
• I feel so drab in this grey uniform. 穿这套灰色制服我觉得很没生气。
adj. 单调的；土褐色的
 - flat, blank, monotonous
n. 浅褐色；无生气；邋遢；小额
 - sandy beige, cafe au lait
vt. 使无生气
 - lethargize

Word: cartoonist
Front: cartoonist
[kɑ:ˈtu:nɪst] (12929/20219 -1)
Vocabulary: cartoonist
(once / 4389 pages)
n
If you're a cartoonist, you draw cartoons for fun or as a job. Political cartoonists make simple drawings that comment on current events or politics.
A cartoon is usually a fairly uncomplicated drawing that tells a brief, funny story, and a cartoonist is a person who creates them. Charles Schulz was a cartoonist who drew the "Peanuts" comic strip for fifty years. Some cartoonists have their cartoons appear weekly or daily in newspapers, while others publish books or draw cartoons for web sites. Cartoonist comes from cartoon, originally "a drawing on strong paper," with its French root carton, "heavy paper or pasteboard."
WORD FAMILY
cartoonist: cartoonists+/ cartoon: cartooned, cartooning, cartoonist, cartoons
USAGE EXAMPLES
What’s bad for the republic is good for columnists and cartoonists, though this time, I admit, the muse’s generosity is less enjoyable.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Trump’s tax simplification couldn’t be simpler to understand, adds cartoonist Tom Toles:
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Humor is a dangerous business in Turkey, though; it’s no wonder that among those arrested is one of the country’s leading cartoonists, Musa Kart.
The New Yorker(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 漫画家
分布：漫画家(100%)
US [kɑ:r-] noun countable
■a person who draws cartoons 漫画家，卡通画家
n. 漫画家
 - distortionist, caricaturist

Word: exude
Front: exude
[ɪgˈzju:d] (托宝 12157/13941 -1)
Vocabulary: exude
(once / 3343 pages)
v
To exude is to give off small amounts, usually of liquids or gases, through small openings, such as pores. Think of how you exude sweat after a workout.
The word exude is often used to describe sweating — the original Latin root, sudāre means "to sweat." Still, we frequently use the word exude to refer to anything that seems to ooze or pour forth from an object or person. John F. Kennedy was said to exude confidence, while his wife, Jackie, exuded class. But the verb can also have a negative sense, as when we say a skunk exudes a foul smell.
WORD FAMILY
exude: exudate, exudation, exuded, exudes, exuding+/exudate: exudates/ exudation: exudations
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Exude confidence even when it seems to the outside world confidence shouldn’t exist.”
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
As always, the Crimson Tide program exudes an air of quiet determination and poise.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Some British politicians exude confidence that rational economic self-interest will prevail.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 使渗出; 使流出; 充分显示，显露; 发出，散发
vi. 渗出; 缓慢流出; 发出，发散
时态：exuded, exuding, exudes
分布：渗出(55%)，流出(45%)
→ex-, 向外。-sud, 汗，词源同sweat. 比喻用法, 词义由流汗引申为流露。
渗出,慢慢流出(由"出汗"引申出来)[sud=sweat(汗)]
【记】ex出，ude＝sud汗－出汗－慢慢流出
【参】sudorific（adj 发汗的）；sudation（n 出汗）
【反】absorb＝take in（v 吸引；吸收）
US [-'zu:d] verb transitive
FEELING 感觉
■If you exude love, confidence, pain, etc., you show that you have a lot of that feeling 明显地流露，充分显露（爱、自信、痛苦等）
• She just exudes confidence. 她显得信心十足。
UK [ɪg'zju:d] US [-'zu:d] verb transitive
LIQUID/SMELL 液体／气味
■to produce a smell or liquid substance from inside 散发；渗出，流出
• Some trees exude from their bark a sap that repels insect parasites. 一些树的树皮会分泌出一种汁液来驱除寄生在树上的昆虫。
vt. 散发；流出；使渗出
 - steam, shed, stream
vi. 流出；渗出；发散
 - discharge, issue, shed

Word: fictitious
Front: fictitious
[fɪkˈtɪʃəs] (托宝 14763/14381 -1)
Vocabulary: fictitious
(once / 1707 pages)
1adj 2adj
Fictitious means made up, or imaginary. No matter how real Scarlett O'Hara might seem in "Gone With the Wind," she's a fictitious character invented by author Margaret Mitchell.
When you look at the word fictitious, you'll probably notice that it bears a striking resemblance to fiction — which is an imaginary story about people and events that are made up for the purpose of entertaining readers. Fictitious can also be used to mean "trick or deceive." A thief assumes a fictitious name to hide his real identity and evade capture.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
fictional / fictitious / fictive
Fictional, fictive, and fictitious all branch off the "fiction" tree, but fictional is literary, fictive is specific, and fictitious is just plain fake.
The word fictional is like "pretend" with a literary bent. Jay Gatsby is a fictional character. Novels, short stories, and plays are fictional, or made-up, but there are also fictional TV shows and movies. Examples of the word:
"The author has come under fire for equating Navajo religious beliefs with the world of her fictional Harry Potter characters." (National Geographic)
"As President Frank Underwood on 'House of Cards,' Kevin Spacey is deft at playing fictional presidents." (Washington Times)
The less common word fictive describes a specific thing created by the imagination. Your pets might be your fictive audience when you practice for the talent show. If you call your dad's best friend your uncle, that's a fictive kinship — there's a little invention. Fictive in action:
"The children were then told that the adults didn't have time to distribute the rest of their stickers to other kids in a fictive class." (Science Magazine)
"I can't claim any fictive kinship here — I only met him for a couple hours." (Los Angeles Times)
Anything fictitious is also made up, but often with trickery in mind. If you tell the coffee barista that your name is Picklehead Sunshine, then you gave a fictitious name. (Unless you're reading this, Pickles.) In The Talented Mr. Ripley, Tom takes on a fictitious identity when he pretends to be Dickie, a man he murdered. Other examples:
"She said she signed a fictitious contract with the company but never worked for them." (BBC)
"Authorities say the suspects opened accounts online by pairing real Social Security numbers with fictitious names and birth dates." (Washington Times)
These three words love fiction but each in its own way. Fictional loves books and plays, fictive loves the imagination, and fictitious loves lies!
WORD FAMILY
fictitious: fictitiously+/ fiction: fictional, fictionalise, fictionalize, fictions, fictitious, nonfiction / fictional: fictionally/fictionalise: fictionalisation, fictionalised/fictionalization: fictionalizations/fictionalize: fictionalization, fictionalized, fictionalizes, fictionalizing/ nonfiction: nonfictional
USAGE EXAMPLES
The investigation began in 2013 when the Illinois unemployment officials notified law enforcement that they discovered a scheme involving fictitious employers.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Israel’s Defense Ministry tweeted back Saturday, saying the original story on the site AWD News was “totally fictitious.”
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The Israeli Defense Ministry responded on Twitter to say the report was fictitious.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 虚构的，编造的; 假定的，虚设的; 小说式的; 假装的
分布：假想的(51%)，虚假的(30%)，虚伪的(19%)
→来自fiction, 捏造，虚假，小说。
虚构的(fict+itious)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
虚构的(fict做出来;参考:fiction小说,虚构)[-itious表形容词,-ition变化而来,表示"…的"]
【源】fiction（n 虚构；小说），小说就是虚构的fict做－做出来的－假的；虚构的
【参】figment（n 臆造虚构的事）
【反】factual（adj 实际的；事实的）
adjective
■invented and not true or not existing 虚构的；虚假的
• He dismissed recent rumours about his private life as fictitious. 他否认了近来有关他私生活的流言，称流言都是捏造的。
• Characters in this film are entirely fictitious. 这部影片里的人物全都是虚构的。
adj. 虚构的； [数] 假想的；编造的；假装的
 - affected, imaginary, assumed, simulate

Word: droplet
Front: droplet
[ˈdrɒplət] (托宝 12935/14805 -1)
Back: n. 小滴，微滴; 小水珠
分布：小滴(57%)，微滴(43%)
【记】drop（n /v 滴）let小－小水滴
US ['drɑ:p-] noun countable
■a small drop of liquid 小滴
n. 小滴， [气象] 微滴
 - microsphere

Word: fumble
Front: fumble
[ˈfʌmbl] (宝 7872/9156 -1)
Vocabulary: fumble
(once / 855 pages)
1v 2n
If you're a football fan you know all about the agony of the fumble — the clumsy handling of the ball that makes you drop it or lose possession.
Fumbling is an uncoordinated movement that can involve your entire body, not just your hands. Witness the poor parent of a newborn trying to fumble with a diaper on at three in the morning. Fumble has a more metaphorical meaning as well, meaning to mess up or mishandle. Politicians are often accused of fumbling the major issues.
WORD FAMILY
fumble: fumbled, fumbler, fumbles, fumbling+/fumbler: fumblers/fumbling: fumblingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But he also threw an interception and lost a fumble.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Cook was 14 of 21 with a touchdown to Amari Cooper, an interception and a lost fumble against the defending Super Bowl champion Broncos.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
EJ Manuel , who was 9 of 20 for 86 yards and lost a fumble in the start, is scheduled to be a free agent.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. 乱摸，摸索; 笨手笨脚地做; [橄榄球] 失球; [棒球]漏接
vt. 弄乱; 笨拙地做
n. 摸索; 失球，接漏球
时态：fumbled, fumbling, fumbles
分布：摸索(61%)，失球(16%)，漏接球(10%)，笨拙地做(7%)，笨手笨脚地做(3%)，弄乱(3%)
→拟声词，模仿笨拙的声音。比较bumble, stumble.
【记】原指：棒球中漏接地面球读：翻吧！
【反】handle adroitly（灵巧地处理或触摸）
verb
DO STH AWKWARDLY 笨手笨脚地做
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to do something awkwardly, especially when using your hands 笨手笨脚地做；（尤指）摸索，乱摸
• I fumbled with the lock. 我笨手笨脚地想把锁打开。
• He fumbled in his pockets for some change. 他在口袋里摸索着找零钱。
• She fumbled around/about in her handbag, looking for her key. 她在手提袋里摸索着找锁匙。
• They fumbled around/about (= moved awkwardly) in the dark, trying to find their way out of the cinema. 他们在黑暗中摸索，想从电影院里出去。
['fʌm.bl] verb
SPORT 运动
transitive
■in sport, to fail to catch a ball 漏接（球）
• If Wilson hadn't fumbled that catch , we might have won the match. 如果威尔逊没有漏掉那个球，这场比赛我们可能就会赢了。
['fʌm.bl] verb
THINK OF A WORD 思考词语
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to have difficulty saying or thinking of suitable words 找不到合适的词表达；搜肠刮肚
• I was fumbling for the right word. 我正在搜肠刮肚，想找一个合适的词。
vt. 摸索；笨拙地做；漏接
 - feel about, fish for
vi. 摸索；笨拙地行动；漏球
 - feel about, fish for
n. 摸索；笨拙的处理；漏球
 - floccillation

Word: leaver
Front: leaver
[ˈli:və(r)] (32580/12193)
Back: n. 离开者，<英>（即将）离校（就业）者
分布：名词(100%)

Word: flick
Front: flick
[flɪk] (宝 6850/5412 -2)
Vocabulary: flick
(once / 424 pages)
1vn 2v 3v 4n
A flick is a quick, short movement, usually coming from the wrist or hand. There used to be a "Flick a Bic" cigarette ad: cigarettes are awful, but starting a lighter is a classic flick.
The most common flick is probably turning a switch on or off — people flick switches, like light switches. Flicking is also used when describing golfers and basketball players. A fast, sharp golf shot could be called a flick. A quick basketball shot — like tipping the ball in with one second left in the game — is also a flick. A flick can also be described as a quick jerk — not a jerk as in a bad person, but a tiny movement. If you're using your whole body or even your whole arm, you're not flicking.
WORD FAMILY
flick: flicked, flicker, flicking, flicks+/ flicker: flickered, flickering, flickers/flickering: flickeringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
There were shades of a scorpion kick, albeit with only one leg; a rainbow flick or whatever else the gamers want to call it.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Also, what with food involved in a dinner party, think eyeliner flicks rather than lipstick.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
I quickly grabbed my sheet and flicked it, repulsed that the roach was in my sheet.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: v. 轻弹，轻击; 轻拂; 忽然摇动
n. 轻弹，轻拂; 快速的轻打; 轻弹声; 电影
时态：flicked, flicking, flicks
分布：电影(56%)，轻弹(18%)，忽然摇动(9%)，抖动(5%)，快速的轻打(4%)，轻击(4%)，按开开关(2%)，快速翻阅(2%)
→来自辅音丛bl, fl, 折腾，拍打，拟声词，词源同flap, flip. -ck, 清脆音，比较click.
【记】f放，lick（n /v 舔）：你的男朋友把你放倒，想lick你，如果你愿意就flick他（故作挣扎状），要不太没面子了，如果你不愿意就使劲flick他！！
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
 ADVANCED
■to move or hit something with a short sudden movement （迅速）轻击，轻弹，轻拍，轻拂
• He carefully flicked the loose hairs from the shoulders of his jacket. 他仔细地把落在上衣肩上的头发轻轻弹掉。
• She quickly flicked the crumbs off the table. 她迅速地把桌子上的碎屑拂去。
• Horses flick their tails to make flies go away. 这些马轻甩尾巴驱赶苍蝇。
• Windscreen wipers flick from side to side. 挡风玻璃雨刷左右摆动。
• The boys ran round the swimming pool, flicking each other with their towels. 男孩们绕着游泳池追逐嬉闹，相互用毛巾甩打。
• The lizard flicked out its tongue at a fly. 蜥蜴朝一只苍蝇倏地伸出舌头。
• His eyes flicked between her and the door. 他的目光在她和房门之间游移。
[flɪk] verb intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] flick sth on/off
■to move a switch in order to make electrical equipment start/stop working 啪地打开／关上（电器的开关）
• Could you flick the light switch on for me, please? 请帮我把灯打开好吗？
[flɪk] verb intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  flick through sth
■to look quickly at the pages of a magazine, book, etc. 快速浏览，草草翻阅
[flɪk] noun countable
QUICK MOVEMENT 快速的动作
■a sudden, quick movement 轻打；轻甩；轻击
• With a flick of its tail, the cat was gone. 那只猫尾巴一甩，很快便不见了。
• A flick of a switch turns the machine on. 轻轻一按开关，机器就打开了。
have a flick through sth
■to quickly look at the pages of a book, magazine, etc 快速浏览，草草翻阅
• I've had a flick through their brochure and it looks quite interesting. 我已经迅速浏览了一下他们的小册子，看起来相当有趣。
[flɪk] noun countable
FILM 电影 UK old-fashioned informal
■a film See skin flick ; chick flick
the flicks [plural] UK old-fashioned informal
■the cinema 戏院
• What's on at the flicks this week? 这周戏院放映甚么？

Word: fisted
Front: fisted
['fɪstɪd] (33967/42834)
Back: adj. 握成拳头的
分布：握成拳头的(60%)，拳打(40%)

Word: gale
Front: gale
[geɪl] (高托雅宝 12845/8689 -1)
Vocabulary: gale
(once / 336 pages)
n
If there’s a gale coming your way, you better hold onto your new hat and your little dog, Toto, too, because this is an extremely strong wind.
The word gale possibly originates from the Old Norse word galinn, which means “mad”, “frantic” or “bewitched.” Weather forecasters sometimes use the term “gale-force winds” to describe conditions that aren’t quite as extreme as hurricanes or tropical storms, but probably fierce enough to snap your kite in half. It can also refer to other kinds of strong outbursts. For example, if someone erupts into gales of laughter, it means her friend probably said something very funny.
WORD COUNT
Stormy Weather: A Tempest of Meteorological Terms
Not long ago, Cliff Mass, an atmospheric scientist in Seattle, blogged about a sandstorm that had occurred in Eastern Washington. Extreme weather is not unusual in that area, but the word he used for the storm was new to many of us: haboob. The novelty of the term, along with the spectacular photo on his blog of an oncoming haboob, had people talking about it for days.
Haboob in Eastern Washington, September 2013 [Photo: Robert Ames]
Given how much our day-to-day lives are influenced by weather — and especially by storms — perhaps it's not surprising that we have a rich vocabulary for these natural phenomena.
The biggest of all storms, of course, is a hurricane. This term came into English from Spanish, but originates in Taíno, a native language from the Caribbean. The regional origin of this name might explain why we use hurricane for storms in the Atlantic and in eastern Pacific, close to the Americas. For similar storms in the western Pacific and the Indian Ocean, we use the word typhoon, a term with a curious etymology: it appears to represent a convergence of a Greek word for a whirlwind and a Chinese word for "great wind." (Some speculate an Arabic origin also.) A general term for these types of large-scale storms — cyclone, from Greek for "rotate" or "wheel" — alludes to the fact that they revolve around a central point.
Hurricane Isabel as seen from the International Space Station [source: Wikipedia]
Aside from these well-known terms, there's a nor'easter for a large storm in the north Atlantic. This name follows the convention for naming winds, which identifies the direction from which they come; a nor'easter spins counterclockwise, hence brings winds from the northeast.
Inland, a derecho is a hurricane-scale storm that is primarily associated with the Midwestern areas of the U.S. and Canada. Derecho is the Spanish word for "straight ahead," and came into use to describe the storm's wind pattern, which meteorologists call "straight-line wind." The "straight" nature of a derecho was intended to contrast with the circular nature of a different storm: the tornado, which occurs frequently in the same geographic region. The name tornado is another Spanish term, which might either derive from a word for thunderstorm or from a word for "to turn." An informal term for a tornado is a twister, named for its characteristic motion. The word cyclone is also used informally for tornados, since they're another type of revolving storm, but not by professionals.
If you substitute snow for rain in one of these large-scale storms, you get a blizzard. While I'm sure that the Anglo-Saxons huddled in their longhouses against snowy blasts, they did not bequeath us this word; blizzard is both a surprisingly modern term (the first recorded cite is from 1859) and originally an American one.
Generically, any strong wind is a gale (possibly of Norse origin). For meteorologists, a gale has a more precise definition: it's a wind that's between 34 and 40 knots, as measured on the Beaufort Scale, which has similarly precise values for terms like strong breeze, high wind, violent storm, and hurricane force. Another generic term for a wind-bearing storm is tempest (from Latin via Old French), whose metaphoric sense of tumult goes back almost as far as its weather-related sense. I for one would love to hear a TV weatherperson bring the word tempest back into everyday use.
There are many regional terms for winds and windstorms that occur regularly. People near mountains often experience type of wind called a föhn (or foehn, pronounced fern), which occurs in the Alps. This is a wind that comes down off mountains (that is, the wind is katabatic) and is channeled via valleys or passes. In Southern California, a famous föhn-type wind is the Santa Ana wind that blows out of the high desert to the east and whose extreme dryness can contribute to wildfires. (Some say that the Santa Ana wind makes people in Los Angeles restless and violent.) I grew up along the Front Range in Colorado, and in the spring we often experienced the extremely strong Chinook wind, whose unseasonable warmth has given it the nickname "snow-eater."
Other regional winds are the Diablo wind in Northern California, the Knik and Taku winds in Alaska, and the Squamish in British Columbia, though not all of these are warm winds (quite the contrary). Further afield are winds such as those in the Mediterranean region including the Mistral and Levant in France, the Ostro in Italy, and the hot, dry Sirocco that comes off the Sahara.
The Sirocco brings us back to Arabic, which is where we also get the haboob that we started with. Look out your window, and if it's a blustery day, there's probably a term that precisely names the wind you're experiencing, whether that term comes to us from a Native American language, from Spanish, or from a language of the African deserts.
WORD FAMILY
gale: gales
USAGE EXAMPLES
Times staff writer Gale Holland contributed to this report.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Three General Sessions judges who received the letter, Gale Robinson, Allegra Walker and Angelita Dalton, declined to comment for this story.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He announced Friday that Craig Welling would fill a vacancy created by the retirement of Gale Miller.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 大风，暴风; （突发的）一阵; <诗>微风; [植]香杨梅
分布：狂风(90%)，笑声等）(5%)，一阵（喧闹(5%)
→来自ghel, 呼喊，尖叫，词源同 yell, nightingale. 用来指大风。
noun countable
■a very strong wind 大风
• Hundreds of old trees were blown down in the gales. 数百棵老树被大风刮倒了。
[geɪl] noun countable
gales of laughter
■a lot of loud laughter 阵阵大笑声
• I could hear gales of laughter coming from downstairs. 我可以听到楼下传来阵阵大笑声。
n. [气象] 大风，狂风；（突发的）一阵
 - blast, heavy wind

Word: literal
Front: literal
[ˈlɪtərəl] (六宝 7706/8711 -1)
Vocabulary: literal
(once / 245 pages)
1adj 2n
To describe something as literal is to say that it is exactly what it seems to be. For example, if you put up a literal barrier to keep the world out, you've actually built a real wall.
The background of literal includes the Latin litterālis, meaning "of letters or writing." This led to the sense of exactness, suggesting something is "to the letter." Many people misuse this word, as in "Listening to that dull teacher put me in a literal coma." Possible, but highly doubtful.
WORD FAMILY
literal: literalise, literalism, literalize, literally, literalness, literals, nonliteral+/literalise: literalised, literalises, literalising/literalize: literalized
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Writing about happiness … you don’t want to be too literal about it,” says Timberlake, who also stars in the movie.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In one of those movies, he’s a literal fighter.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
An overwhelming consensus is that the way in which protest music gets defined and discussed needs to become more flexible, more contradictory, less literal.
The Guardian(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 照字面的; 原义的; 逐字的; 平实的，避免夸张
n. [印]错排，文字上的错误
分布：文字的(38%)，逐字的(31%)，字面上的(22%)，错误字体(9%)
→来自拉丁语litera,书写，字母，词源同letter.引申词义字面意思的。
文字上的,字面上的(liter+al)[liter=letter,表示"文字,字母"]
【记】源于：letter（n 文字；字母）
【区】literary（adj 文学上的）
US ['lɪtˌ.ɚ-] adjective
■The literal meaning of a word is its original, basic meaning （意义）字面的，根本的
• The literal meaning of 'television' is 'seeing from a distance'. television 的字面意思是“从远处看”。
• You need to demonstrate to the examiners that you have more than a literal understanding of the text. 你需要向考官表明你对文本的理解没有仅仅停留在字面含义上。
• Her translation is too literal (= done one word at a time) , resulting in heavy, unnatural prose. 她的译文太拘泥于字面了，结果成了冗长而不自然的散文。
Compare figurative
literary, literal
literary: 有文化的(反义词是illiterate),如：people applying for the job should be computer literate.(申请这份工作的人应会使用电脑。)
literal: 文字上的，字面的。如：a literal interpretation of a passage(对一段文章的字面解释)
adj. 文字的；逐字的；无夸张的
 - written, word-for-word

Word: mead
Front: mead
[mi:d] (27859/12495)
Back: n. 蜂蜜酒，草地
分布：蜂蜜酒(61%)，草地(39%)
→来自古英语medu,来自Proto-Germanic*meduz,来自medhu,蜜，甜饮料。词源同梵语madhu,常见于印度人名。该印欧语词借自史前Finno-Ugric语，有学者猜测该词最终可能来自汉语蜜。比较mare,silk.
noun uncountable
■an alcoholic drink made from honey which was drunk in the past （过去饮用的）蜂蜜酒
n. 蜂蜜酒；草地
 - grass, lawn

Word: moor
Front: moor
[mɔ:(r)] (六宝 17855/4388 -2)
Vocabulary: moor
(once / 758 pages)
1v 2n
To moor is to tie up a ship, as in to moor the ocean liner to the docks. Or, if you're reading Victorian literature, a moor could be a mossy meet-up spot.
This word of many hats can also be a noun — a moor is mossy land covered in bushes and grass. The spooky dogs in Sherlock Holmes's The Hound of the Baskervilles lurk in the moor. With a capital "M," a Moor can refer to a person descended from Muslims of northwestern Africa. It's usually used as a verb, though, meaning to fasten a boat — probably related to the Old English word mærels "mooring rope." Say the word in a deep voice and it almost sounds like the foghorn on a ship that's about to moor in the harbor on a foggy night.
WORD FAMILY
moor: moorage, moored, mooring, moors+/ mooring: moorings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the late afternoon we set off for a sheltered overnight mooring.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
In the end the Asia rebalance will not live or die because of where ships are moored.
Economist(Dec 08, 2016)
Bruner and a few fellow shipmates shouted to a sailor on the ship moored next to the Arizona to toss over some rope.
Washington Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 荒野，旷野; 沼泽; 摩尔人; 停泊，抛锚
vt. & vi. 使停泊; 系住; （把飞船）拴在系留塔上; 固定
时态：moored, mooring, moors
分布：荒野(55%)，停泊(21%)，系住(12%)，旷野(12%)
→北非某民族名。来自拉丁语Maurus,来自希腊语Mauros,摩尔人，可能来自mauros,黑人。moor 沼泽，荒野
【记】moon照着moor
【源】摩尔人Moor一群穆斯林人，主要居住于非洲西北部的荒野上。
UK [mʊər] US [mʊr] noun countable
■an open area of hills covered with rough grass 高沼；荒野；旷野
• the Yorkshire moors 约克郡高沼
UK [mɔ:r] UK [mʊər] US [mʊr] verb intransitive or transitive
■to tie a boat so that it stays in the same place （使）停泊，系泊，系留
• We moored further up the river. 我们把船停泊在河流更上游的地方。
• We moored the boat to a large tree root. 我们将船系泊在一棵大树下。
vt. 系住；使停泊
 - bend on
n. [地理] 沼泽；荒野
 - wild, cienaga

Word: measurable
Front: measurable
[ˈmeʒərəbl] (四六 11403/12100 -1)
Back: adj. 可量度的; 可测量的，可预见的; 重大的
分布：可测量的(73%)，重要的(18%)，可预见的(7%)，可察觉的(2%)
→来自measure,测量。引申词义显著的等。
【记】源于：measure（v 测量）
【反】unfathomable（adj 深不可测的）
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■able to be measured, or large enough to be noticed 可测量的；显著的
• The service produces clear, measurable benefits to people's health. 这项服务能显著增进人们的健康。
adj. [数] 可测量的；重要的；重大的
 - important, crucial, considerable, material, big

Word: neutralise
Front: neutralise
['nju:trəlaɪz] (-/14998)
Back: vt. 使失效; 抵消; 中和; 使（一个国家）中立化
时态：neutralised, neutralising, neutralises
分布：使 ... 失效)(50%)，中和(使 ... 中立(50%)
vt. 中和；使中立；使无效
 - counteract, invalidate

Word: occupancy
Front: occupancy
[ˈɒkjəpənsi] (11641/12454 -1)
Vocabulary: occupancy
(once / 3637 pages)
n
Occupancy is the act of owning, renting, or taking possession of a building. When you and your family move into a new house, you are taking occupancy of that home.
You're probably most familiar with the word occupancy from signs in auditoriums and concert halls that state the room's "maximum occupancy." A maximum occupancy of 100 means only 100 people can safely fit inside that room at one time. A single-occupancy hotel room is meant for one person. The opposite of occupancy is vacancy––when no one is in possession. Hotels let you know when they have a vacancy by flashing a sign.
WORD FAMILY
occupancy: occupancies+/ occupant: occupants/ occupation: occupational, occupations/ occupational: occupationally/ occupied: occupiedly, unoccupied/ occupier: occupiers/ occupy: occupancy, occupant, occupation, occupied, occupier, occupies, occupying, preoccupy / preoccupation: preoccupations/ preoccupied: preoccupancy, preoccupiedly/ preoccupy: preoccupation, preoccupied, preoccupies, preoccupying
USAGE EXAMPLES
A Chargers-written ballot measure seeking $1 billion in hotel occupancy taxes to help fund a new downtown stadium was soundly defeated on Nov. 8.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A Chargers-written ballot measure seeking $1 billion in hotel occupancy taxes to help fund a new downtown stadium was soundly defeated on Nov. 8.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Twice there were reports of illegal occupancy, but not once in 30 years did code inspectors set foot inside, documents show.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 占有，占领; 居住; [物]占有率; 占据期间
分布：占用(54%)，占有(39%)，居住期间(7%)
→来自occupy,占用，占据，居住。
US ['ɑ:.kjə-] formal
noun uncountable
■someone's use of a room or building for the purposes of living or working 居住；占用；占据
• The family's occupancy of the apartment lasted only six months. 这家人只在这套公寓里住了6个月。
n. 居住； [数] 占有；占用
 - residence, having

Word: nourish
Front: nourish
[ˈnʌrɪʃ] (研六托雅宝 10239/11545 -1)
Vocabulary: nourish
(once / 452 pages)
v
When you nourish your imagination or your body, you give it what it needs to stay healthy and flourish (hey, that rhymes!).
Whenever you eat a nutritious meal, you nourish your body. You can also nourish your dreams by allowing yourself to take chances and try what interests you, even if you're not sure what the outcome will be. To transform the verb nourish into an adjective, you can just add ing. Then, you can describe things that nourish you — like protein shakes or good poetry — as nourishing.
WORD FAMILY
nourish: nourished, nourishes, nourishing, nourishment, undernourish+/nourished: unnourished/nourishing: nourishingly/nourishment: nourishments/undernourish: undernourished, undernourishing, undernourishment
USAGE EXAMPLES
She spent three years there, nourishing Germany’s biggest club, before she was recommended to Klopp earlier this year.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
He wanted to nourish ability, to see credit properly attributed and, above all else, thereby to advance astronomy.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Stay well hydrated and well nourished, and wash your hands often.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 滋养，施肥于; 抚养，教养; 怀抱（希望、怨恨）; 使健壮
时态：nourished, nourishing, nourishes
分布：滋养(78%)，培育(10%)，怀有(10%)，给营养(2%)
→来自古法语norrir,抚养，养育，来自拉丁语nutrire,喂养，哺乳，来自snau,流动，流淌，词源同naiad,nautical,nutriment.引申词义喂奶，抚养。拼写比较naive,native.
养育,哺育(nour营养+ish)[-ish 1.表形容词"像…一样,有的..."通常放在一具体名词后2.表动词"造成…"3.表示"国家的或语言"]
v.提供养分,养育,怀有(希望,仇恨等)By courtesy of the mourner, he endeavours to devour the nourishing odour.承蒙哀悼者同意,他努力吞食滋养气味.
US ['nɝ:-] verb transitive
■to provide people or living things with food in order to make them grow and keep them healthy 养育；滋养
• Children need plenty of good fresh food to nourish them. 孩子们需要大量的新鲜食物来提供营养。
• She looks happy and well nourished. 她看起来很快乐，且营养良好。
• This cream is supposed to help nourish your skin. 这种润肤霜可以滋养肌肤。
■formal
■If you nourish a feeling, belief or plan, you think about it a lot and encourage it 培养，助长；支持；鼓励
• Lisa has long nourished the hope of becoming a famous writer. 丽莎一直梦想着成为著名作家。
graze, nourish, feed
这组词都有“提供所需食物，喂养”的意思，其区别是：
graze: 侧重指用正在生长的青草喂养牲畜。
nourish: 指提供生长、健康或维持生存所必需的食物或养料，尤指用营养品促进生长。
feed: 普通用词，含义广泛。既可指给人或动物提供食物，又可指给植物以养料或为机器等加燃料等。
vt. 滋养；怀有；使健壮
 - harbor

Word: paragon
Front: paragon
[ˈpærəgən] (宝 19134/18984 -1)
Vocabulary: paragon
(once / 4289 pages)
n
Paragon applies to someone who is a model of perfection in some quality or trait. We link paragon with other words that follow it, such as "paragon of virtue" or "paragon of patience."
A paragon means someone or something that is the very best. The English noun paragon comes from the Italian word paragone, which is a touchstone, a black stone that is used to tell the quality of gold. You rub the gold on the touchstone and you can find out how good the gold is. You are hoping that it is the paragon of "goldness."
WORD FAMILY
paragon: paragons
USAGE EXAMPLES
After a weeklong renovation that cost $22,000, his two-car garage is a bright, welcoming paragon of order and efficiency.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Such studies are paragons of scientific collaboration and the exact opposite of creating minimum publishable units.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
By contrast, federal courts are supposed to be a paragon of American justice.
The Guardian(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 模范; 典型; 十全十美的人; 完美无缺的人
分布：模范(61%)，典型(21%)，比得上(12%)，与 ... 比较(6%)
→来自意大利语paragone,磨刀石，试金石，来自para-,在旁，在周围，-ag,尖的，磨，来自ak,尖的，锋利的，词源同acid,acrid.引申词义典范，完人，圣人。
典范(para+gon角→旁边顶尖人物→典范)[para-①表示"半,类似,辅助"②表示"在旁边"③表示"降落伞"]
【记】para旁边，gon＝gan干－在边上干活－模范
【反】travesty（n 滑稽的漫画；滑稽模仿）
US ['per.ə.gɑ:n] noun countable
■a person or thing that is perfect or has an extremely large amount of a particular good characteristic 完人，尽善尽美的模范（或典型）
• In the novel, Constanza is a paragon of virtue. 在这本小说中，康斯坦萨是一个美德的典范。
n. 模范；完美之物；优秀之人
 - type, model, prototype
adj. 完美的
 - perfect, ideal, full, flawless

Word: pugnacious
Front: pugnacious
[pʌgˈneɪʃəs] (宝 26665/32766)
Vocabulary: pugnacious
(once / 5493 pages)
adj
Pugnacious means ready for a fight. If you're pugnacious, you might find it hard to make friends. On the other hand, you might be a very successful professional boxer one day.
Your brother is a pugnacious thug––always ready to use his fists to settle arguments, and he has the strength to do so. That’s the literal sense of pugnacious. You can use pugnacious figuratively, too. When two candidates face off in a debate during a close election, one or the other might be pugnacious. He looks to pick a fight with his opponent and is willing to say almost anything, no matter how outrageous, to make his opponent look bad.
WORD FAMILY
pugnacious: pugnaciously
USAGE EXAMPLES
I like the pugnacious stance and useful increase in ground clearance.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
“But of course when they get off-balance sometimes they get more pugnacious,” he said.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Widely viewed as a long shot, with an unconventional campaign featuring raucous rallies and pugnacious tweets, he outlasted 16 Republican rivals.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 好战的，好斗的，好挑衅的
分布：好斗的(100%)
→来自拉丁语pugnus,拳头，来自pungere,刺，击，词源同point,pungent.引申词义好斗的。
好斗的(pugn+acious多...的→多打斗的)[Pugn=fight,表示"打斗"]
[pʌg'neɪ.ʃəs] formal
adjective
■wanting to start an argument or fight, or expressing an argument or opinion very forcefully 爱争吵的；爱争斗的，好斗的
• I found him pugnacious and arrogant. 我发现他咄咄逼人，傲慢无礼。
adj. 好斗的，好战的
 - fighting, aggressive

Word: rebut
Front: rebut
[rɪˈbʌt] (托 17936/19844)
Vocabulary: rebut
(once / 4979 pages)
v
To rebut is to argue against something. If your parents say you're too young and irresponsible to drive, you can rebut their claim by ticking off examples of your responsibility.
When you argue against something, you rebut that position or argument. Your school's principal might rebut your teacher's argument that the class is overcrowded by pointing out that there could legally be five more kids in the class. The teacher could rebut the principal's rebuttal by observing that there aren't enough books or seats for the kids in the classroom now. Rebut comes from an old French word rebuter, meaning "to thrust back."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
rebut / refute
To rebut is to try to prove something isn't true, but to refute is to actually prove it isn't. Getting them mixed up won't get you kicked out of the debate club, but it's worth knowing the difference.
‎To rebut is more than just "to deny," it's a serious attempt to prove something is false. If you rebut something, you haven't necessarily won the argument; you've only presented your side of it:
A Jesuit priest has taken to YouTube and his blog to rebut arguments raised by British physicist Stephen Hawking. (Catholic News Service)
Baldwin has used his Twitter account to rebut criticism. (Washington Post)
Refute means to disprove something straight up. If you refute something, you successfully win the argument:
The hearing was unfortunately based on hearsay evidence that we were not able to refute by cross-examining anyone. (Eagle Tribune)
Daly refuted the report Monday, saying that only one general manager had expressed concern. (New York Times)
So, if you try to defeat an accusation, you rebut it. You still need to butt in again, so you re-but, as in "But wait! I can still prove it!" If you actually defeat the accusation, you have refuted it.
WORD FAMILY
rebut: rebuts, rebuttal, rebutted, rebutter, rebutting+/ rebuttal: rebuttals/rebutter: rebutters
USAGE EXAMPLES
That approach allows legislators to maximize what Honda calls “nagging” and minimize the witness’s ability to rebut their arguments.
Science Magazine(Dec 23, 2016)
Schultz, a former college quarterback and sportscaster, rebutted the notion that he or RT America were mouthpieces for the Kremlin.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
A Sakinah volunteer rebutted: “Saudi Arabia sets the model for Islam in the world. A war against Saudi Arabia is a war against Islam.”
Wall Street Journal(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 反驳，驳回; 击退
时态：rebutted, rebutting, rebuts
分布：反驳(89%)，举反证(11%)
→re-,向后，往回，-but,击，打，词源同 beat,batter.
[rɪ'bʌt] (-tt-) formal
verb transitive
■to argue that a statement or claim is not true 反驳；驳斥；驳回
• She has rebutted charges that she has been involved in any financial malpractice. 面对指控，她反驳说她没有参与任何金融营私舞弊案。
vt. 反驳；揭露；拒绝
 - reveal, negative, disclose, refuse, expose
vi. 反驳；揭露
 - open up, bring to light
n. 驳回；提出反证
 - disallowance

Word: postgraduate
Front: postgraduate
[ˌpəʊstˈgrædʒuət] (托雅 17033/6767 -1)
Back: adj. 研究生的
n. 研究生
分布：研究生(89%)，研究生的(10%)，大学毕业后的(1%)
→post-,在后，graduate,本科生，毕业生。
大学毕业后的(post+graduate毕业)[post-①表示"在后面"②表示"邮件,邮政"]
US [ˌpoʊst'grædʒ.u-] noun countable (US usually graduate)
■a student who has already got one degree and is studying at a university for a more advanced qualification 研究生
UK [ˌpəʊst'grædʒ.u.ət] US [ˌpoʊst'grædʒ.u-] adjective [before noun] (mainly US graduate)
■describes university studies or students at a more advanced level than a first degree 研究生（课程）的
• postgraduate studies/research 研究生的学习／研究
• a postgraduate degree in microbiology 微生物学研究生学位
n. 研究生，研究所学生
 - graduate student, advanced student

Word: revalue
Front: revalue
[ˌri:ˈvælju:] (34686/22754 -1)
Back: vt. 再评价; 对…重新估价
时态：revalued, revaluing, revalues
分布：再评价(80%)，再估价(20%)
→re-,再，重新，value,评估。
verb transitive
■to change the value of something or to consider it again 对…再估价；重新评价
• to revalue a currency 对一种货币重新估值
• The company's assets are periodically revalued. 这间公司的资产定期接受重新评估。
vt. 再评价；对…重新估价
 - reassess

Word: showroom
Front: showroom
[ˈʃəʊru:m] (11151/10156 -1)
Back: n. 陈列室
v. 去实体店体验之后用更少的钱在网上购买
分布：陈列室(79%)，展览室(21%)
US ['ʃoʊ-] noun countable
■a large shop in which people are encouraged to look at the goods that are on sale before buying them 展示厅，展销厅
• a car showroom 汽车展销厅
• Our complete range of carpets is on display in our showroom. 我们全系列的地毯都陈列在展示厅。
n. 陈列室；样品间
 - exhibition room

Word: sinner
Front: sinner
[ˈsɪnə(r)] (11118/12240)
Back: n. 罪人
分布：罪人(96%)，流氓(4%)
→sin,有罪，罪行，-er,人。
N-VAR
罪;罪过;罪孽
Sin or a sin is an action or type of behaviour which is believed to break the laws of God.
例：The Vatican's teaching on abortion is clear: it is a sin...罗马教廷对堕胎的教义非常清楚：这是罪过。
例：Was it the sin of pride to have believed too much in themselves?他们过分自信，这是否犯了骄纵之罪？
VERB
犯戒律;犯过失
If you sin, you do something that is believed to break the laws of God.
例：The Spanish Inquisition charged him with sinning against God and man...西班牙宗教法庭指控他亵渎上帝和人类。
例：You have sinned and must repent your ways.你犯了罪，必须为你的所作所为作出忏悔。
N-COUNT
罪恶;恶行;不道德的行为
A sin is any action or behaviour that people disapprove of or consider morally wrong.
例：...the sin of arrogant hard-heartedness...傲慢无情的恶行
例：The ultimate sin was not infidelity, but public mention which led to scandal.最大的罪过不是通奸而是公众议论，是它导致了丑闻的发生。
PHRASE
同居
If you say that a man and a woman are living in sin, you mean that they are living together as a couple although they are not married.
例：She was living in sin with her boyfriend.她和男友同居。
n. 罪人；有错者
 - transgressor

Word: reverberate
Front: reverberate
[rɪˈvɜ:bəreɪt] (托宝 12585/18558 -1)
Vocabulary: reverberate
(once / 1907 pages)
v
If you give a loud shout in a cavernous place, like a gym or a church, the sound of your voice will reverberate throughout the room. Reverberate means sound waves traveling back and forth, as in an echo.
Often we use reverberate to talk about sound, or sometimes light. If a noise echoes for a long time, we can say the space reverberates with that noise. You may have heard of a reverb effect in audio processing, which is basically a long echo. We also use the word metaphorically to describe the impact of huge events. For example, the 2008 mortgage crisis in the US reverberated throughout the world’s economy, causing a global recession.
WORD FAMILY
reverberate: reverberated, reverberates, reverberating, reverberation, reverberative+/ reverberation: reverberations
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Andrew” describes Scorsese’s new film as “a meditation and a prayer”, an experience that is still “reverberating” for him.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Well, the boom was louder than expected…and should continue to reverberate for years.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
That can’t help but reverberate through the culture, changing our sense of what is possible for women.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vi. 回响; 弹回; 反射
vt. 使回响; 使反射; 使回弹
时态：reverberated, reverberating, reverberates
分布：反响(45%)，回响(30%)，反射(25%)
→来自拉丁语 reverberare,打回，弹回，驱逐，来自 re-,向后，往回，verberare,击打，鞭打，来 自 verber,鞭子，树枝，来自 wer,弯，转，绕，词源同 warp,wring.后引申比喻义回响，回 荡。
起回声,反响(re+verber震动＋ate→重新震动→起回声)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
【记】re反，verber打退，ate－声音反打回来－起回声re反复，verber＝verbal（adj 文字上的），ate：返回文字－有回响
US [-'vɝ:.bɚ.eɪt] verb
SOUND 声音
intransitive literary
■If a loud deep sound reverberates, it continues to be heard around an area, so that the area seems to shake 回响，回荡
• The narrow street reverberated with/to the sound of the workmen's drills. 狭窄的街道上回荡着工人施工的电钻声。
UK [rɪ'vɜ:.bər.eɪt] US [-'vɝ:.bɚ.eɪt] verb
EFFECT 影响
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■If an event or idea reverberates somewhere, it has an effect on everyone or everything in a place or group 震撼；产生广泛影响
• News of the disaster reverberated around the organization. 灾难的噩耗传来，组织内所有人震惊不已。
• The surge in US share prices reverberated across the globe. 美国股价飙升，影响波及全世界。
vt. 使回响；使反射；使弹回
 - rebound
vi. 回响；反响；弹回；不断发生后效
 - ring, sound
adj. 回响的；反射的
 - reflected, catoptric

Word: statist
Front: statist
['steɪtɪst] (-/47263)
Back: n. 统计学者，中央经济统制论者
分布：统计学者(51%)，中央集权论者(25%)，统计学者的(12%)，国家经济统制论者(12%)

Word: thrall
Front: thrall
[θrɔ:l] (托宝 21491/21396)
Vocabulary: thrall
(once / 1744 pages)
n
When you're in thrall to someone, you are under their control in some way. If you're being held as a hostage, you're in thrall to your captor.
You can be in thrall to anything that holds you captive or controls your thoughts or actions, like an addiction, a disease, or a cult leader. The Old English word that thrall comes from literally means "slave" or "servant." Another word with the same root as thrall is enthrall, which is sort of a friendlier version of the same idea. If you're enthralled by someone, you're captivated or fascinated, rather than "held in bondage."
WORD FAMILY
thrall: enthrall, thraldom, thralldom, thralls+/ enthrall: enthrallment, enthralls/enthrallment: enthrallments/thraldom: thraldoms/thralldom: thralldoms
USAGE EXAMPLES
There's ample time to muse over such fine distinctions while in thrall to her dozen recent works at Christopher Grimes Gallery.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
A market less in thrall to speculators might seem like an unalloyed boon.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
For all his flaws as a coach, a chronically political dressing room sits in his thrall.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. <文>奴隶; 奴役; 奴隶制; 奴隶般受支配的人
分布：奴隶(57%)，束缚(43%)
→来自古英语 thrael,奴仆，来自 Proto-Germanic*thragilaz,跑腿者，来自 tragh,拉，拖，跑， 词源同 track,tractor.引申词义奴役，役使。
【记】th死，r，all：所有的奴隶都会死。
【参】enthrall（v 奴役；迷住，吸引住）
n. 奴隶；束缚
 - chain, restriction, slave

Word: traction
Front: traction
[ˈtrækʃn] (托雅 9977/15310 -1)
Vocabulary: traction
(once / 3858 pages)
1n 2n
In medicine, traction is the act of pulling on bones or limbs in a certain way to help with healing. An arm in traction is temporarily tied up, but it is probably on the mend.
A person in traction is presently immobile, but traction can also be used to describe the state of an object being pulled, or the friction between that object and the surface it is pulled across. Traction can also refer to something or someone that has picked up movement, like an idea or a candidate. If your idea for chocolate covered onions has gained traction, it is becoming popular; if it has lost traction, people have come to their senses.
WORD FAMILY
traction: tractions
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Would he get the same traction as this guy? The answer, in my opinion, is no.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
None of these shortcomings detract from what is a fascinating work of revisited history with all the narrative traction of a good mystery.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s understandable why the Mozart story would gain traction.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 拖拉; 牵引力; 附着摩擦力
分布：牵引(80%)，牵引力(19%)，附着磨擦力(1%)
→来自拉丁语 trahere,拖，拉，使移动，词源同 drag,tract.-ct,过去分词格，-ion,表名词。引申词 义牵引，牵引力。
noun uncountable
WHEEL/TYRE 车轮／轮胎
■the ability of a wheel or tyre to hold the ground without sliding （车轮或轮胎对地面的）附着摩擦力
• In deep snow, people should use snow tyres on their vehicles to give them better traction. 在积雪深厚的地方，人们应该给车子装上雪地轮胎以增强轮胎的附着摩擦力。
['træk.ʃən] noun uncountable
PULLING 牵引 specialized
■the pulling of a heavy load over a surface, or the power used in this 拖拉，牵引；牵引力
• steam traction 蒸汽牵引
■specialized
■a form of medical treatment which involves using special equipment to pull gently an injured part of the body, especially an arm or leg, for a long period of time （尤指对胳膊或腿部的）牵引（疗法）
• After her hip operation poor Mira was in/on traction for six weeks. 髋部手术后，可怜的米拉做了六个星期牵引治疗。
n. [车辆] [机] [外科] 牵引；牵引力
 - drawing, hauling power

Word: ye
Front: ye
[ji:] (8332/18199 -1)
Back: n. Yemen 也门
pron. 你们
art. the的古式
分布：名词(94%)，动词(6%)
→来自yu,二人称复数，词源同you,大部分情况下已被you取代。
[ji:] old use
pronoun
■a word meaning 'you', used when talking to more than one person 你们，汝等
• Ye cannot serve God and mammon. 汝等不能既侍奉神，又侍奉玛门。
[ji:] old use
determiner
■a word meaning 'the', used especially in the names of pubs to make them seem old （相当于 the，尤用于酒吧名中，以示历史悠久）
• a pub in the village called Ye Olde Barn 村子中一家名为“老谷仓”的酒吧
[ji:] old use
determiner
ye Gods old-fashioned or humorous
■used to show surprise （用于表示惊讶）天啊，哎呀
• Ye Gods man, what are you doing! 哎呀伙计，你在做甚么！

Word: vile
Front: vile
[vaɪl] (宝 13534/11975 -1)
Vocabulary: vile
(once / 421 pages)
adj
Surely only an evil person could be so vile as to have made you so angry. Vile is something or someone so morally wrong or offensive as to be thoroughly disgusting.
Are you appalled by someone’s sordid, despicable, ugly and just generally awful behavior? Then it’s probably vile, too. One of those dramatic adjectives with many synonyms, the word vile is not only used to describe a person or an action that is morally reprehensible; it can describe a smell that is so bad as to be practically morally reprehensible — or something else that offends your senses enough to make you nauseous. Those three month old dirty gym socks? They’re vile!
WORD FAMILY
vile: vilely, vileness, viler, vilest+/vileness: vilenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
She landed on the Facebook profile for the most vile of her harassers.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The fast-paced opening sequence of Stephen Fry’s fabulous adaptation of Evelyn Waugh’s “Vile Bodies” features a divinely decadent costume party titled “Inferno.”
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Let’s end this vile year on a high, with some hardcore football action.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 卑鄙的; 〈口〉极坏的，讨厌的; 〈古〉不足道，无价值的; 粗鄙的，恶俗的
级别：viler, vilest
分布：恶劣的(66%)，低廉的(23%)，简陋的(11%)
→来自拉丁语vilis,便宜的，低贱的，来自wes,买，卖，词源同venal（见利忘义的）。引申词义邪恶的，可耻的。
卑鄙的[vil=base,表示"卑劣"]
【记】源于：vice（n 恶习；罪恶）
adjective
■unpleasant, immoral and unacceptable 邪恶的；卑鄙的；可耻的
• This vile policy of ethnic cleansing must be stopped. 这项罪恶的种族清洗政策必须被制止。
■informal
■extremely unpleasant 暴力录影片；色情录影片
• This cheese smells vile. 这起司的气味难闻死了。
• He's in a vile mood/temper today. 他今天的情绪／脾气很糟糕。
adj. 卑鄙的；邪恶的；低廉的；肮脏的
 - poor, evil, base, mean, ill

Word: ultraviolet
Front: ultraviolet
[ˌʌltrəˈvaɪələt] (研六托雅 9521/17084 -1)
Vocabulary: ultraviolet
(once / 11611 pages)
adjn
Use the adjective ultraviolet to describe light with a wavelength that's less than visible light, but longer than x-rays. You can't see ultraviolet light.
You might hear people talk about ultraviolet light as UV radiation — it's the part of sunlight that can give you a sunburn if you're exposed to it for too long. In physics, this kind of electromagnetic radiation is defined by how long its waves are. The word itself, ultraviolet, refers to the fact that its wavelength is shorter than the violet end of the spectrum of visible light. The Latin prefix ultra means "beyond."
WORD FAMILY
ultraviolet
USAGE EXAMPLES
Phototherapy, which uses ultraviolet light to tame inflammation, is an option, too.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Atomic clocks use ultraviolet signals emitted in the change of electron energy levels to tell the time.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Researchers at CERN, the European particle physics laboratory outside Geneva, trained an ultraviolet laser on antihydrogen, the antimatter counterpart of hydrogen.
Nature(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 紫外的; 紫外线的; 产生紫外线的
n. 紫外线辐射; 紫外光
分布：紫外线(89%)，紫外线的(11%)
→ultra-, 超过的，极其的，violet, 紫色的。
紫外线的(ultra+violet紫色的)[ultra-①表示"极端"②表示"超出,超过"]
a./n.紫外线(的)
[ˌʌl.trə'vaɪə.lət] (abbreviation UV)
adjective
■describes light that has a wavelength which is after the violet (= light purple) end of the range of colours that can be seen by humans. Light of this type causes the skin to become darker in the sun. 紫外线的
adj. [光] 紫外的；紫外线的
 - extraviolet

Word: allot
Front: allot
[əˈlɒt] (托雅 13192/11461 -1)
Vocabulary: allot
(once / 685 pages)
v
When you allot something, you are giving out portions: “Becky was able to allot five snacks per employee, but in the afternoon some workers sneaked back into the break room for more.”
Be careful not to mistake allot for “a lot” (a large number), which has a similar spelling and the same pronunciation. Use the verb allot when you need to describe the act of assigning portions of something — be it snacks, time, or blame. The word is often used in the sense of an official group, such as a government or a corporation, dividing up and distributing small portions of something desirable, such as funding, shares, or land: “Zenitech Corporation was able to allot land rights to four groups in the area.”
WORD FAMILY
allot: alloted, alloting, allotment, allots, allotted, allotting, reallot+/ allotment: allotments/reallot: reallotment, reallotted/reallotment: reallotments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Senate and House, plus the three votes allotted to Washington, D.C.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
As soon as celebrities forget their allotted role, the hounds of hell are let loose upon them.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
The Electoral College delegation will meet in Trenton to officially allot the state’s 14 electoral votes to Democrats Hillary Clinton and Tim Kaine.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 分配，摊派给; 分派，派给; 拨给; 指定（款项等）作某种用途
时态：allotted, allotting, allots
分布：分配(74%)，拨给(14%)，分摊(12%)
→前缀al-同ad-. 词根lot,分配，块，同单词lot.
US [-'lɑ:t] (-tt-)
verb transitive
■to give (especially a share of something available) for a particular purpose （尤指将可得到的一份东西）分配，分派
• [+ two objects] They allotted everyone a separate desk. 他们给每个人都分配了个人专用的办公桌。
• They allotted a separate desk to everyone. 他们给每一个人都单独配发了桌子。
• The ministry of culture will be allotted about $6 million less this year. 今年文化部得到的拨款将会比去年少600万美元。
• Three hours have been allotted to/for this task. 这项任务限定在三小时内完成。
• The museum is planning to increase the amount of space allotted to modern art. 博物馆正计划增加现代艺术展区的面积。
acknowledge, assigned, allocate, allot, admit, confess
acknowledge: 表承认某事可以承担责任
assigned: 用途明确，但“指定”意味强，常常暗示分配人的武断性
allocate: 正式用词，尤指政府部门拨出定额款项的行为
allot: 指完整或定量的东西分为若干份来分配，不强调公平性和数量上的平均
admit: 表被迫承认做过某事
confess: 承认一些不好的事情，常有“忏悔”之意
vt. 分配；拨给；分派
 - portion, part

Word: abysmal
Front: abysmal
[əˈbɪzməl] (宝 18494/19503)
Vocabulary: abysmal
(once / 7346 pages)
adj
If you want to say something is really, really bad — then call it abysmal. If one person shows up to your party, well then that is an abysmal turnout. The 1958 Ford Edsel? An abysmal failure.
When someone describes the hole you just dug as abysmal, you may not know whether to take it as positive or negative feedback. That's because starting in the 1650s, abysmal simply meant “resembling an abyss in depth.” By that definition you've just received a compliment on your deep digging skills. But since the early twentieth century, abysmal has been more commonly used to identify something as "extremely bad." So it's more likely that your hole has just been insulted.
WORD FAMILY
abysmal: abysmally+/abysm: abysmal, abysms
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first two quarters of the day were abysmal, which led to Washington trailing, 10-0, by the half.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The politics of fixing Maryland’s email abuses are abysmal.
Washington Post(Nov 11, 2016)
It was also a chance to reset the front office expectations and opinions of him following his abysmal 2015.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 深不可测的; 完全的; 极糟的; 深海的
adv. 极糟地; 可怕地; 完全地; 极端地
分布：深不可测的(44%)，完全的(30%)，极坏的(26%)
→abyss的最高级形容词形式。-m, 最高级后缀。在宗教用语指地狱。
【记】该词源于abyss n 深渊，深坑。发音酷似我必死。背GRE单词是很痛苦的一件事情，一旦想不开，跳崖自尽，必死无疑！因为你不是张无忌，也不是小龙女！！
adjective
■very bad 极坏的；糟透的
• abysmal working conditions 恶劣的工作环境
• The food was abysmal. 食物糟透了。
• The standard of the students' work is abysmal. 学生的作业水准极差。
adj. 深不可测的；糟透的；极度的
 - excessive, extreme

Word: amusement
Front: amusement
[əˈmju:zmənt] (高六 6732/5357 -1)
Vocabulary: amusement
(once / 217 pages)
n
Amusement is a feeling of being entertained and happy. Just think about how you feel when you visit an amusement park, and you will get the idea.
When something amuses you, it makes you laugh, holds your attention, entertains you, or all three. An amusement is an activity that produces that type of feeling. Watching a basketball game and flying a kite are amusements. Also, doing something fun fills you with the emotion of amusement. To amuse is to entertain, and when you add the suffix -ment to the end of the verb, you get the noun or the feeling you gain from being amused.
WORD FAMILY
amusement: amusements+/ amuse: amused, amusement, amuses, amusing, amusive/ amused: amusedly/ amusing: amusingest, amusingly/amusive: amusively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Thanks to CSPAN, which let us publish their portraits for our own amusement, here’s a non-official power ranking, from worst to best:
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Meanwhile, in the Kremlin, Putin is as securely in power as ever and must be watching with amusement.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The amusement park is set up yearly in the capital of San Juan during the holiday season.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 娱乐; 游戏; 文娱活动
分布：消遣(100%)
→amuse,娱乐，-ment,名词后缀。
娱乐,乐趣(amuse＋ment)[mus=muse来自希腊神话"缪斯"女神,是文艺音乐女神,所以有"娱乐"的意思]
noun
 ADVANCED uncountable
■the feeling of being entertained or made to laugh 开心，愉悦，快乐
• She looked at him with amusement. 她忍俊不禁地看着他。
• I looked on in amusement as they started to argue. 他们开始争吵起来，我在旁边看得高兴。
• Carl came last in the race, (much) to my amusement. 卡尔比赛得了个倒数第一，（真）把我给乐坏了。
• I play the piano just for my own amusement (= to entertain myself not other people). 我弹钢琴纯粹是自娱自乐。
countable
■an activity that you can take part in for entertainment 娱乐（活动）；消遣（方式）
• There was a range of fairground amusements, including rides, stalls and competitions. 在露天游乐场有很多好玩的，可以骑马、逛货摊以及参加比赛。
n. 消遣，娱乐；乐趣
 - entertainment, fun, occupation, pleasure, joy

Word: affront
Front: affront
[əˈfrʌnt] (宝 16245/13922 -1)
Vocabulary: affront
(once / 1182 pages)
nv
An affront is an action that causes offense. If someone blows smoke in your face after you've asked him to put out his cigarette, you would consider it an affront.
Affronter was an old French word meaning "to confront" or "slap in the face." It's from the Latin, ad frontem, meaning "to the face." Sure, a slap in the face would still be considered an affront, but other non-physical actions would also count. Some would even call a misplaced apostrophe an affront to the English language. Don't confuse affront with effrontery, which means "presumptuousness."
WORD FAMILY
affront: affronted, affronting, affronts
USAGE EXAMPLES
This cousin-centrism is like pink hair or a nose ring, not harmful so much as an affront to the way you think things should be.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
They seem to think it’s obvious why something in the current year should be an affront to our sensibilities.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
To them, Trump’s win was the ultimate affront.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. （当众）侮辱，（故意）冒犯
vt. 公开侮辱; 冒犯; 面对; <古>相遇
时态：affronted, affronting, affronts
分布：侮辱(59%)，冒犯(41%)
→前缀af-同ad-, 去，往。front, 向前，面对，质疑。
冒犯,侮辱(ar一再+front→一再到[别人]面前去→冒犯[别人][front=forehead表示"前额"]
【记】af朝向，front前面，脸－朝向别人的脸－当众冒犯
【参】effrontery（n 厚颜无耻）；confront（vt 使面临；对抗）
noun countable
■a remark or action intended to insult or offend someone 侮辱；冒犯
• He regarded the comments as an affront to his dignity. 他认为这些话伤害了他的尊严。
[ə'frʌnt] verb transitive usually passive formal
■to insult or offend someone 侮辱；冒犯
• I was most affronted by his comments. 他的话是对我的极大侮辱。
• an affronted look/glance 受到冒犯的神情／透出受了侮辱之意的一瞥
vt. 冒犯，有意冒犯；面对；公开侮辱
 - give offense, offend
n. 轻蔑；公开侮辱
 - floccinaucinihilipilification, scornfulness

Word: backup
Front: backup
[ˈbækʌp] (5476/15901 -1)
Vocabulary: backup
(once / 2438 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Backup is what someone gives when they help or support you. A brand new doctor might need some backup in the emergency room for the first few weeks.
Use the noun backup when you talk about extra assistance or help. Police officers call for backup when they're not sure they can handle a situation on their own, and store cashiers need backup when things get busy and customers start lining up. Another kind of backup is the one you do on your computer — in this case, a backup is the process of copying your data in case you lose the original files.
WORD FAMILY
backup: backups
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Broncos rallied for a win, got home-field advantage in the playoffs and Manning was no longer the backup.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
At 31, he signed with the Bills this season as a backup.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A little more than an hour later an officer spotted the stolen car, called for backup, and began pursuing the suspects.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 支持，后援; 阻塞; <计>备份文件; [乐]伴奏
adj. 备用的，后补的; 支持性的; 伴奏的
分布：后备(100%)
支持(back背后+up→背面向上推→支持)[up=up,over表示"向上"]
(also back-up) ['bæk.ʌp] noun
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■(someone or something that provides) support or help, or something that you have arranged in case your main plans, equipment, etc. go wrong 支持，支援；候补物，替代物，备用物
• We're going to need some professional backup for this project. 要完成这个企划，我们需要一些专业人员的支援。
• The party is going to be outdoors, so we'll need to organize somewhere as a backup in case it rains. 晚会将会露天举行，所以我们需要安排一个备用的地方，以防下雨。
• Remember, your colleagues are your backup system when things go wrong. 记住，一旦出了差错，你的同事就是你的后备。
 ADVANCED countable
■a copy of information that is held on computer, which is stored separately from the computer （文件的）备份
• Before we leave work each day, we make a backup of all the records we have entered into the computer that day. 每天下班之前，我们都把当天输入电脑的记录备份。
• The department's backup disks are all stored in a different building. 该部门的备份磁碟都存放在另一栋大楼内。
countable US
■a player who plays when the person who usually plays is not available 后补队员
• He's a backup for the Dallas Cowboys. 他是达拉斯牛仔队的后补球员。
n. 支持； [计] 后援；阻塞
 - holding, support, adhesion
adj. 支持的；候补的
 - supporting, friendly

Word: ascendancy
Front: ascendancy
[ə'sendənsɪ] (宝 17325/14964)
Vocabulary: ascendancy
(once / 2944 pages)
n
When you assume ascendancy over someone else, you become more powerful than they are. Ascendancy is the state of being in a higher position.
If you look at ascendancy, you see the word, ascend, which means to go up. Ascendancy is not so much about going up, but about being up. Another word for it is dominance, especially in the context of foreign or domestic relations. In school, if you question a teacher's ascendancy, you might be told to go to the principal's office. In this case, you're challenging the teacher's authority.
WORD FAMILY
ascendancy: ascendancies+/ ascend: ascendable, ascendant, ascended, ascendent, ascender, ascending, ascends, ascension, ascensive/ ascendant: ascendance, ascendancy, ascendants/ascendency: ascendencies/ascendent: ascendence, ascendency, ascendently, ascendents/ascender: ascenders/ ascending: ascendingly, ascendings/ ascension: ascensional, ascensions/ascensive: ascensively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The right is emboldened but it is not in the ascendancy.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
People of conscience watched Trump’s ascendancy in disbelief.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
We are witnessing its ascendancy in Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Yemen.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 优势，支配地位; 支配倾向
分布：统治权(50%)，支配力量(50%)
权势;优势(ascend上升+ancy→上升状态→优势)[scend,scens,scent=climb,表示"爬,攀"]
统治力量(ascend登高)[-ancy=ance,表示"性质,状况"]
(also ascendency) [ə'sen.dənt.si] noun uncountable formal
■a position of power, strength or success 权势显赫，处尊居显；优势，支配地位
• They are in danger of losing their political ascendancy (= controlling power). 他们的政治权位岌岌可危。
• Supporters of the proposal are currently in the ascendancy over its opponents (= are more powerful than them). 议案的支持者目前占据上风（压倒了反对者）。
n. 优势；支配地位（等于ascendency，ascendence）
 - superiority, advantage, edge, dominance, predominance

Word: asthma
Front: asthma
[ˈæsmə] (宝 6569/7280 -2)
Vocabulary: asthma
(once / 2498 pages)
n
Asthma is a respiratory condition that involves allergies and your lungs: people with asthma have trouble breathing at times.
Asthma is a very common disorder that makes breathing difficult. An allergic reaction, too much exercise, or just being stressed out can bring on an asthma attack. When someone has an asthma attack, it's very hard for them to get a good breath of air. Fortunately, asthma is not usually a life-threatening disease, and people who are asthmatic are fine most of the time.
WORD FAMILY
asthma: asthmas, asthmatic +/ asthmatic: asthmatically, asthmatics
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some earlier studies suggested that omega-3 deficiency during pregnancy may affect asthma risk in babies, but they were too small to be definitive.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The cyclist, an asthma sufferer, said he sought TUEs to "put himself back on a level playing field".
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Among the people with asthma, higher meat consumption was linked with a worsening of their lung symptoms.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. <医>气喘，哮喘
分布：哮喘(100%)
→来自希腊语，拟声词。
气喘病[asthm=panting(喘气)]
【记】1）读：爱死马－因为得了哮喘2）读：阿诗玛－一种香烟－容易引起哮喘
US ['æz-] noun uncountable
■a medical condition which makes breathing difficult by causing the air passages to become narrow or blocked 气喘，哮喘
• an asthma sufferer 哮喘病患者
• an asthma attack 哮喘病发作
n. [内科] [中医] 哮喘，气喘
 - wheezing

Word: cordial
Front: cordial
[ˈkɔ:diəl] (研四六托雅宝 14433/19234 -1)
Vocabulary: cordial
(once / 280 pages)
1adj 2n
If you like someone but you wouldn't say they're your friend, you might describe your relationship as cordial. Use cordial to describe a greeting or relationship that is friendly and sincere.
In Middle English, this adjective meant "of the heart," borrowed from Medieval Latin cordiālis, from Latin cor "heart." This core sense of "heart" can be seen in the synonyms heartfelt and hearty. The noun cordial originally referred to a medicine or drink that stimulates the heart, but its current sense is "a liqueur."
WORD FAMILY
cordial: cordiality, cordially, cordials, uncordial+/cordiality: cordialities/uncordial: uncordially
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It was always very cordial. It was always very cooperative. Good people,” he said this week of the Washington-based investigators.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
He said their telephone conversations are “cordial” and not “defensive in any way”.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
But the president-elect was cordial on Wednesday, telling his guests he was "here to help you folks to do well".
BBC(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 热诚的; 诚恳的; 兴奋的
n. 补品; 兴奋剂; 甘露酒
分布：热忱的(38%)，诚恳的(23%)，兴奋剂(17%)，补品(12%)，兴奋的(10%)
→来自词根cord, 心，词源同heart, courage.
首要的,主要的(注意不要和cardial心脏的　相混)[card,cord=heart,表示"心脏,一致"]
a.诚恳的,亲切的,热诚的The subordinate coordinates are in accordance with that set by the cordial chorus.从属坐标与热心的合唱团的设定值一致.
【记】cord心：发自内心的－热诚的
【参】cordially（adv 诚恳地；诚实地；诚挚地）＝sincerely
US ['kɔ:r.dʒəl] adjective
FRIENDLY 友好的
■friendly, but formal and polite 友好的，热诚的，诚挚的
• a cordial smile/greeting/welcome/reception 诚挚的微笑／问候／欢迎／接待
• Relations between the two leaders are said to be cordial. 据说两位领导人关系友好。
UK ['kɔ:.di.əl] US ['kɔ:r.dʒəl] adjective
STRONG 强烈的 formal
■(of a feeling, especially dislike) strong （指感情，尤指厌恶感）强烈的
• The two statesmen are known to have a cordial dislike for each other. 众所周知，这两位政治家是死对头。
UK ['kɔ:.di.əl] US ['kɔ:r.dʒəl] noun uncountable UK a sweet drink made from fruit, to which water is usually added （通常加水后饮用的）甜果汁饮品
• lime cordial 酸橙饮品
US * liqueur
friendly, cordial, kind
这组词都有“友好的，亲切的”的意思，其区别是：
friendly: 指举止像朋友一样，往往怀着满腔热情，乐意助人。
cordial: 较正式用词，指亲切热诚，情意真挚。
kind: 指考虑周到，体谅他人，乐于助人。
adj. 热忱的，诚恳的；兴奋的
 - genuine, heady
n. 补品；兴奋剂；甜香酒，甘露酒
 - a shot in the arm, agonist

Word: cosset
Front: cosset
[ˈkɒsɪt] (宝 36561/23268)
Vocabulary: cosset
(once / 27876 pages)
v
To cosset is to pamper or spoil. Your mom might cosset her beloved lap dog, feeding him homemade meals and singing him to sleep.
If your parents used to cosset you when you were little, they may have protected you from injury and indulged your every whim. Your temptation might be to cosset small children or elderly relatives, pampering them and shielding them from difficulty. In the 17th century, cosset had the additional sense of "fondle and caress," as you might cuddle a baby or a puppy. Earlier, the word was a noun meaning "a lamb raised as a pet."
WORD FAMILY
cosset: cosseted, cosseting, cossets, cossetted, cossetting
USAGE EXAMPLES
A snaking, pale-wood bookshelf divides the room into cosseting quadrants, scaling it down for pint-size patrons.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Still, Mr. Trump has spent the last three decades, for the most part, cosseted within Trump Tower.
New York Times(Nov 11, 2016)
Prince Mohammed’s economic reform plan has sent tremors through a nation whose citizens have long enjoyed a cosseted lifestyle underwritten by the state.
New York Times(Oct 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 宠爱，娇养，纵容
时态：cosseted, cosseting, cossets
分布：宠爱(40%)，宠儿(36%)，溺爱(24%)
→来自cot, 小屋，村舍，词源同cottage。原指在小屋子里面养的小羊羔，小宠物。
【记】读：烤死他：如果你溺爱某物，最大的特征就是抱着它，用你的体温温暖它，没想到把它给烤死了。
【反】slight（adj 轻微的；考虑欠周密的）unspoiled（adj 未宠坏的）-cosseted（被宠坏的）
US ['kɑ:.sɪt] (-t- or UK ALSO -tt-)
verb transitive
■to give a lot of attention to making someone comfortable and to protecting them from anything unpleasant 宠爱，疼爱；溺爱
• Children need to be cosseted. 孩子是需要疼爱的。
• disapproving The country has been cosseted (= too protected) by the government for so long that people have forgotten how to take responsibility for themselves. 长久以来，这个国家一直受到政府的过度保护，人们已经忘了自己该如何承担责任。
vt. 宠爱；溺爱；纵容
 - pet, baby
n. 宠儿；爱畜；供玩赏的小动物
 - a favourite son, blue-eyed boy

Word: chandler
Front: chandler
['tʃɑːndlə(r)] (-/12908)
Back: n. 船用杂货商（经售绳索、帆布及其他船用物品的商人）
分布：蜡烛商(44%)，杂货零售商人(28%)，美国亚利桑那州中南部一城市）(14%)，钱德勒（男子名(14%)
→来自candle, 蜡烛，即卖蜡烛的人，后词义外延扩大。
US ['tʃænd.lɚ] noun countable
■a person who trades in supplies for ships 船具供应商
n. 蜡烛商，杂货店
 - grocery store, general store

Word: chore
Front: chore
[tʃɔ:(r)] (托雅宝 6028/9514 -1)
Vocabulary: chore
(once / 2661 pages)
n
A chore is a duty or task you’re obligated to perform, often one that is unpleasant but necessary. Washing the dishes is a chore, and so is completing a homework assignment you aren’t excited about.
Sometimes a thing that you wanted to do can become a chore if it ceases to be fun or interesting. Maybe Napoleon felt that conquering nations had become a chore by the time he was defeated in the Battle of Waterloo. The noun chore dates from the 18th century, when there were fewer appliances and more household tasks that needed to be done.
WORD FAMILY
chore: chores
USAGE EXAMPLES
While he spent hours in school, my mother, a lawyer, did the household chores.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Plenty of evenings were a chore to get through.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
It’s paradise because it operates like a community but without the boring chores like cleaning, cooking and governance.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 零星工作（尤指家常杂务）; 令人讨厌的或繁重的工作
分布：家务(70%)，琐事(25%)，讨厌的工作(5%)
→来自sker, 转，打转，词源同charlady, ring. 即在外围打杂的人。
【记】读：臭：作家务事肯定全身发臭！
US [tʃɔ:r] noun countable
■a job or piece of work which is often boring or unpleasant but needs to be done regularly 日常琐事；杂务；乏味的例行工作
• I'll go shopping when I've done my chores (= done the jobs in or around the house). 我把家务琐事做完后要去购物。
• I find writing reports a real chore (= very boring). 我发现写报告真是件烦人的事。
n. 家庭杂务；日常的零星事务；讨厌的或累人的工作
 - char

Word: delicacy
Front: delicacy
[ˈdelɪkəsi] (六宝 11228/9737 -1)
Vocabulary: delicacy
(once / 406 pages)
n
A ballerina's quick, perfect steps? An antique porcelain teacup? A tiny sentence etched inside a silver locket? All of these have delicacy, or fineness that comes from being light, beautiful, or small.
A delicacy can also be a prized dish that is eaten on special occasions or is especially loved by those in a certain culture or place. But what is a delicacy to some (chocolate-covered crickets, anyone?) might disgust others. Remember to use delicacy, or tact, in turning down someone else's delicacies. This could help you avoid hurting someone's feelings.
WORD FAMILY
delicacy: delicacies, indelicacy+/ delicate: delicacy, delicately, delicater, delicatest, indelicate, overdelicate/indelicacy: indelicacies/ indelicate: indelicately
USAGE EXAMPLES
Villafuerte offered roast pig, a popular Christmas delicacy locally called “lechon”, in evacuation centers to entice villagers to move to emergency shelters.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
The holiday delicacy is lechon — whole suckling pig, a Filipino delicacy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
He told DiCaprio that seeing Earth’s atmosphere as a “tiny little onion skin” from space helped him gain a fuller understanding of the planet’s delicacy.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 精美; 美味佳肴; 敏锐，敏感; 世故，圆滑
分布：佳肴(53%)，精致(31%)，谨慎(7%)，优雅(5%)，柔弱(4%)
精致,优美(de+lic+acy)[lic=allure,表示"引诱"]
【记】de加强，lic引诱－引诱你的东西－美味佳肴
【参】delicate（adj 精巧细致的；脆弱的；灵敏的）
【反】crudity（n 生硬；粗糙）；husky（adj 粗糙的）－delicate
noun
FOOD 食物
countable
■something especially rare or expensive that is good to eat （尤指稀有昂贵的）美食，美味，佳肴
• In some parts of the world, sheep's eyes are considered a great delicacy. 羊眼在世界某些地方被认为是一种难得的美味佳肴。
['del.ɪ.kə.si] noun
COULD OFFEND 可能冒犯
uncountable
■acting and speaking carefully so that nobody is offended, or the possibility of causing offence （行动或说话）慎重，周到；冒犯别人的可能性
• He raised the matter with great delicacy. 他十分慎重地提起这件事。
• I don't think you quite appreciate the delicacy of the situation. 我认为你还没有充分认识到局势的微妙性。
['del.ɪ.kə.si] noun
EASY TO DAMAGE 易损坏
uncountable
■the quality of being easy to damage or looking very easy to damage 易损；易碎；脆弱
• Because of their great delicacy, the books cannot be moved. 由于这些书极易受损，因此不宜搬动。
['del.ɪ.kə.si] noun
CAREFUL 细心的
uncountable
■the quality of being done carefully or gently 精细，精妙
• We admired the delicacy of her brush strokes. 我们十分欣赏她精妙的毛笔字。
n. 微妙；精密
 - subtleness, nicety

Word: crescent
Front: crescent
[ˈkresnt] (12284/7951 -1)
Vocabulary: crescent
(once / 1137 pages)
adjn
A crescent is a thin, curved shape that’s thicker in the middle and tapers to thin points at each end, like the little sliver of moon you might notice in the sky.
Crescent was first used to describe the shape of the waxing, or growing moon, and if you listen closely you can hear its similarity to increase. But a crescent can be any thin, curved shape. You might see a crescent of light hitting the pavement or a crescent of beach next to the ocean. Crescent can also act as an adjective describing something that has that shape, like a crescent moon or a crescent roll.
WORD FAMILY
crescent: crescents
USAGE EXAMPLES
Morrell is a spokeswoman for Friends of Rural Crescent Energized, a group that formed in opposition to a special-use permit for the project.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
For Iran, the agreement protects its regional interests—including the so-called Shiite crescent that stretches from Tehran, through Baghdad and Damascus, to Beirut.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Chelew reveled in the Crescent City’s richly diverse music scene.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 新月，月牙; 伊斯兰教的标记
adj. 新月形的; 渐圆的，渐强的
分布：新月(88%)，新月形的(8%)，逐渐增加的(3%)，新月形之物(1%)
→来自ker , 创造，生长，词源同create。-esce, 表起始。最早指月相由亏转盈的阶段，但后来错误的用来指这一阶段的形状。
新月a.新月状的(cre+escent开始...的→开始增大→新月)[cre,creas=grow,make,表示"增长,产生"]
noun countable
■(something with) a curved shape that has two narrow pointed ends, like the moon when it is less than half of a circle 新月形（物），弦月形（物），蛾眉月形（物）
• The moon was a brightly shining crescent. 月亮呈现出一弯明亮的新月。
■a row of houses or a road built in a curve 月牙形的一排房子（或街道）
• They live at 15 Park Crescent. 他们住在派克月牙街15号。
n. 新月；新月状物；伊斯兰教的标记；土耳其的新月形国徽
 - new moon
adj. 新月形的；逐渐增加的
 - meniscoid, lunular

Word: crab
Front: crab
[kræb] (研六托宝 5100/8024 -1)
Vocabulary: crab
(once / 1154 pages)
1nv 2n 3nv 4n
A crab is a stubby sea creature with a flat body, eight legs, and claws. You can sometimes find tiny crabs in the sand on the beach.
Crabs have a thick, shell-like covering called an "exoskeleton," and you can find them in both fresh and saltwater. Some types of crab are considered a delicacy, with sweet, delicate flesh often called "crab meat." There are many shelled sea creatures with crab in their names, like horseshoe crabs and hermit crabs, that aren't true crabs. The word crab comes from a Germanic root related to the Low German krabben, "to claw."
WORD FAMILY
crab: crabbed, crabbing, crabby, crabs+/ crabbed: crabbeder, crabbedest, crabbedly, crabbedness/ crabby: crabbier, crabbiest, crabbily, crabbiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Moving into a new month there are still plenty of options to go fishing whether it’s for trout, Dungeness crab, squid or salmon.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Redfish are good in Redfish Bay on mullet and crabs.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
At Bad Saint, the leaves are kale, braised to a velvety tenderness and swaddled in Chesapeake crab meat.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 蟹，蟹肉; 阴虱; 脾气乖戾的人; [植]沙果，沙果树
vi. 捕蟹; 发牢骚，抱怨; 偏航
vt. 发脾气; 破坏; 使偏航
时态：crabbed, crabbing, crabs
分布：蟹(94%)，捕蟹(2%)，抱怨(2%)，阴虱(1%)，使横行(1%)
→来自gerbh, 刮，刻，词源同carve.
n.螃蟹,蟹肉Old age had crabbed my nature.年老使我的性格变得乖戾.
【记】读：cay吧－哭吧。被螃蟹夹着了，哭吧！被人挑剔了，哭吧！
noun countable or uncountable
SEA ANIMAL 海洋生物
■a sea animal that has five pairs of legs and a round flat body covered by a shell, or its flesh eaten as food 蟹，螃蟹；蟹肉
• We walked along the beach collecting small crabs. 我们沿着海滩走，一路捡拾小螃蟹。
• All the shops on the seafront had crab for sale. 滨海区的所有商店都出售螃蟹。
• This crab meat/salad is delicious! 这份蟹肉／蟹肉色沙拉味道好极了！
[kræb] noun countable or uncountable
DISEASE 疾病
crabs [plural] (also crab lice)
■small insects that can live in the hair around the sex organs 阴虱
n. 螃蟹；蟹肉；脾气乖戾的人；起重机
 - crane, derrick
vt. 抱怨；破坏；使偏航
 - destroy, undermine
vi. 捕蟹；发牢骚；抱怨
 - whine about, pinge

Word: disenchanted
Front: disenchanted
[ˌdɪsɪnˈtʃɑ:ntɪd] (18035/19497 -1)
Vocabulary: disenchanted
(once / 8874 pages)
adj
When you're disenchanted, you're disappointed or let down by something or someone you once admired. Large classes and standardized testing often leads to disenchanted teachers.
An unsatisfying final episode of a popular TV show's last season will result in disenchanted viewers, and the impression that all the candidates are basically the same means a lot of disenchanted voters. When you're enchanted by something, you're delighted by it. This comes from the Old French root enchanter, "to bewitch, charm, or cast a spell." Adding the prefix dis- gives disenchanted the opposite meaning.
WORD FAMILY
disenchanted: disenchantedly+/disenchant: disenchanted, disenchanting, disenchantment, disenchants/ disenchantment: disenchantments/ enchant: disenchant, enchanted, enchanter, enchanting, enchantment, enchants/ enchanted: enchantedly/enchanter: enchanters/ enchanting: enchantingly/ enchantment: enchantments
USAGE EXAMPLES
That started with Prudhomme, who had grown disenchanted during her two seasons at Oregon State.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
I’d become him, disenchanted Lord Ford, master of all he surveyed.
The Guardian(Nov 20, 2016)
Is it because Americans are growing disenchanted with the violence that often sees players carried off the field on medical carts?
Washington Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 不再抱幻想的，不再着迷的，感到幻灭的
v. 使不再着迷(disenchant的过去分词)
分布：不再着迷的(38%)，不再抱幻想的(26%)，感到幻灭的(26%)，动词disenchant的过去式和过去分词.(10%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。enchanted, 使实迷。
US [-'tʃæn.tˌɪd] adjective
■no longer believing in the value of something, especially having learned of the problems with it 觉醒的；不再着迷的；幻想破灭的
• Many voters have become disenchanted with the government. 许多选民对政府已不抱幻想。

Word: dismissive
Front: dismissive
[dɪsˈmɪsɪv] (14976/11180 -1)
Vocabulary: dismissive
(once / 17537 pages)
adj
To be dismissive is to be indifferent and a little rude. Being dismissive is a sign of disrespect.
If you're dismissive, you show little consideration for others. If a teacher laughs at a student's earnest answer to a question, that's dismissive. An employer throwing a resume in the trash without reading it? Dismissive. People are dismissive to others they think are beneath them. You can also be dismissive to ideas and suggestions. It's like waving someone or something away and saying, "whatever."
WORD FAMILY
dismissive: dismissively+/ dismiss: dismissal, dismissed, dismisses, dismissible, dismissing, dismission, dismissive / dismissal: dismissals/dismission: dismissions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Why is Mr. Trump so dismissive of Russia’s dangerous behavior?
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“Nothing will change with this,” the woman said dismissively.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
“Israelis do not need to be lectured about the importance of peace by foreign leaders,” Netanyahu said in a dismissive speech delivered shortly after Kerry’s.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 拒绝的; 轻蔑的，鄙视的
分布：轻视的(78%)，表示拒绝或放弃的(22%)
→来自dismiss, 摒弃。
adjective
■showing that you do not think something is worth considering 表现轻视的；认为不值得考虑的
• He's so dismissive of anybody else's suggestions. 他拒绝考虑其他任何人的建议。
• a dismissive attitude 轻蔑的态度

Word: fabulous
Front: fabulous
[ˈfæbjələs] (研雅宝 5757/7086 -2)
Vocabulary: fabulous
(once / 1230 pages)
1adj 2adj
If something is so great you can hardly believe it, it is fabulous. You can have a fabulous first date or you can make a fabulous dinner.
These days, fabulous things are mainly wonderful things, but there's another meaning related to fable: some fabulous things can't — or at least shouldn't — be believed. If you friend claims to be a personal friend of the entire Chicago Bulls, but has never been to Chicago, that's a fabulous story that's probably not true. Also, any story involving a unicorn or wizard is fabulous in a literal sense. A great fantasy story would be fabulous in every way.
WORD FAMILY
fabulous: fabulously+/ fable: fables, fabulist, fabulous / fabulist: fabulists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The fast-paced opening sequence of Stephen Fry’s fabulous adaptation of Evelyn Waugh’s “Vile Bodies” features a divinely decadent costume party titled “Inferno.”
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
“And I thought that this white girl is so fabulous that black people will embrace her and white people will embrace her.”
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Williams is famous for her short stories, which are full of strange, witty, fabulous, and often eccentric turns of phrase.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 极好的，极妙的; （美貌）惊人的; 寓言般的; 难以置信的
分布：极好的(54%)，巨大的(30%)，传说中的(16%)
→来自fable, 故事，寓言。引申义绝妙的，童话般的。
传说的;难以置信的(fabul+ous→像寓言一样的)[fabl,fabul=speak,表示"讲,说"]
a.极好的;极为巨大的;寓言中的,传说中的He is a fabulous figure.他是个传奇式的人物.
【记】fable（n 寓言）－寓言的－难以置信的，传说的
adjective
GOOD 好的
■very good; excellent 极好的；绝佳的
• She looked absolutely fabulous in her dress. 她穿着这条连身裙看起来漂亮极了。
• They've got a fabulous apartment in the centre of Paris. 他们在巴黎市中心有一间极佳的公寓。
• We had a fabulous time at the party. 我们在聚会上玩得很痛快。
['fæb.jʊ.ləs] adjective
NOT REAL 不真实的
■imaginary, not existing in real life 虚构的，想像的，虚幻的
• The unicorn is a fabulous creature. 独角兽是一种实际上并不存在的动物。
adj. 难以置信的；传说的，寓言中的；极好的
 - wonderful, excellent, famous, super, great

Word: falcon
Front: falcon
[ˈfɔ:lkən] (托宝 14005/10291)
Vocabulary: falcon
(once / 759 pages)
nv
A falcon is a large hunting bird. Falcons are strong, with long wingspans and very sharp eyesight — not to mention their very sharp beaks.
Falcons use their powerful wings and vision to spot prey while flying and swoop down on it. They can fly rapidly and change direction very quickly. A falcon is a type of raptor, birds of prey that include eagles and vultures. The peregrine falcon, is the fastest-moving of all animals. The Latin root of falcon is probably falx, "curved blade or sickle," which describes the shape of the bird's talons and beak.
WORD FAMILY
falcon: falconed, falconer, falconing, falconry, falcons+/falconer: falconers/falconry: falconries
USAGE EXAMPLES
By early 2018, the company expects six additional Falcon 9 launches carrying 60 more of its satellites.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The Falcons dropped seven of their last nine games in 2015.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The theft transformed the manuscript into an object of obsession, a kind of Maltese Falcon, for a coterie of Inquisition scholars and rare-book collectors.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 猎鹰
分布：猎鹰(60%)，隼(33%)，轻炮(7%)
→来自拉丁语falcatus, 钩子，词源同falcate. 因其如同弯钩的爪子，腿，嘴而得名。
【记】读：俯瞰－鹰在发现目标的时候先会盘旋俯瞰，然后再捕食。Fall can：落下后才能捕食－鹰回忆：一去一条线（aquiline）adj 象鹰的；弯曲的
US ['fɑ:l-] noun countable
■a bird with pointed wings and a long tail which can be trained to hunt other birds and small animals 隼，鹰隼；猎鹰
n. [鸟] 猎鹰；隼
 - peregrin

Word: foist
Front: foist
[fɔɪst] (托 25184/23893)
Vocabulary: foist
(once / 8157 pages)
v
Did your parents foist your baby sister on you when they went out? It means they forced her on you. Anything — a person or object or idea — can be foisted if it's done by force upon an unwilling party.
Foist used to imply a degree of deception rather than just brute force, but that's a meaning that's pretty much lost now: if something's foisted upon you, you know about it. The earlier meaning comes from an old Dutch term for palming a loaded die into a game. Today we call that cheating.
WORD FAMILY
foist: foisted, foisting, foists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Certainly no amount of shame or self-respect will keep “Collateral Beauty” from foisting its own dubious con on the audience.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Some want to foist the responsibility on the very tech companies that started the revolution.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 11, 2016)
They appear, behave and bleed like humans do — a visual lie the series foisted on its observers.
Salon(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: vt. 强迫接受，把…强加于
时态：foisted, foisting, foists
分布：蒙骗(44%)，混入(28%)，骗卖给(14%)，强迫接受(14%)
→来自fist, 拳头。其原义为欺骗，来自骰子赌博出老千，手中藏骰子。强加义可能来自拳头。
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  foist sth on/upon sb
■to force someone to have or experience something they do not want 把…强加于（某人）
• I try not to foist my values on the children but it's hard. 我尽量不把我的价值观强加到孩子们头上，但是这并不容易。
vt. 偷偷插入；混入；蒙骗；硬卖给；采用欺骗手段出售；把…强加于
 - interlard, wish on

Word: froth
Front: froth
[frɒθ] (19476/20995 -1)
Vocabulary: froth
(once / 1340 pages)
nv
Froth is the gathering of small bubbles at the top of a drink, like the fizzy froth on the top of your root beer float.
There's usually froth on the surface of soda, beer, and even coffee drinks like cappuccinos and lattes, which are topped with milk froth. You can use the word froth as a verb as well, to mean "fizz or foam up." Liquid soap might froth in your hands as you wash them, for example, and making candy sometimes involves cooking sugar syrup until it starts to froth. The word most likely comes from an Old Norse root, froða, or "froth."
WORD FAMILY
froth: frothed, frothing, froths, frothy +/frothing: frothingly/ frothy: frothily, frothiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The camera zooms in, revealing a mound of soapy froth.
New York Times(Jan 06, 2016)
The source for this froth was the mineral-rich springs a mere mile north of Green Lake.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
While fundamentals already were improving for some of them, spending pledges from both presidential candidates created froth.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 泡沫; 口边白沫; 无关紧要的小事
vt. & vi. （使）起泡沫，盖满泡沫
时态：frothed, frothing, froths
分布：泡(50%)，泡沫(46%)，废物(2%)，吹泡(1%)，吐沫泡(1%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*freuth, 泡沫。
US [frɑ:θ] noun uncountable
BUBBLES 气泡
■small white bubbles on the surface of a liquid （液体表面的）白沫
• I like the froth on the top of the coffee. 我喜欢咖啡表面的那层白沫。
UK [frɒθ] US [frɑ:θ] noun uncountable
NOT SERIOUS 无价值
■something which is not serious and has no real value but which is entertaining or attractive 迷人而无价值的东西；浅薄空洞的东西
• His books are just froth, but they're enjoyable enough. 他的书没甚么价值，但可读性很强。
UK [frɒθ] US [frɑ:θ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause a liquid to) have or produce a lot of small bubbles which often rise to the surface （使）起泡沫
• The waves frothed as they crashed onto the beach. 浪花冲上沙滩，泛起阵阵泡沫。
• Shake the drink before serving it to froth it up. 上饮料之前先摇一摇，让它起泡沫。
froth at the mouth
■If a person or animal froths at the mouth, a mass of small bubbles appears from their mouth as the result of a disease. （因病）口吐白沫
informal
■to be extremely angry 非常气愤
n. 泡沫，泡；口沫
 - bubble, foam, yeast
vi. 吐白沫；起泡沫
 - foam

Word: hammond

Word: glacial
Front: glacial
[ˈgleɪʃl] (托宝 14042/12882 -1)
Vocabulary: glacial
(once / 2327 pages)
adj
Things that are glacial are super cold. A place can be glacial — like the South Pole — but a person can be glacial, too, like that unfriendly girl who gave you a glacial stare.
The word glacial is related to the word glacier, which is a huge piece of ice. If something or someone is glacial, that thing or person is icy. You can give someone you don’t like a glacial look, or you can go skiing on a glacial morning. Glacial comes from the Latin glacies, which sounds like the name of a frozen dessert, but which actually just means "ice."
WORD FAMILY
glacial: glacially, postglacial
USAGE EXAMPLES
When he ran for the presidential nomination, he signaled he was done with the Senate, saying he found the glacial pace of the place frustrating.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In the Antarctic, glacial melting is happening at a startling rate, threatening unprecedented seal level rise.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Patty Jensen is aware of the glacial pace of oil spill cleanups.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. <地>冰的，冰河[川]的; 冰河期的; 极冷的
分布：缓慢的(72%)，非常冷的(28%)
→来自拉丁文glacies, 冰，词源同cold.
冰河的;冰冷的[glacier冰川(glac+ier)]
【记】glaze（v 上釉；n 釉）和glacial都是光滑的
adjective
ICE/COLD 冰冷的
■made or left by a glacier 由冰河形成的；冰川造成的
• glacial deposits 冰川沉积
■extremely cold 极冷的；冰冷的；冰一般的
• glacial temperatures 极低的温度
• a glacial period 极寒冷的时期
['gleɪ.si.əl] adjective
NOT FRIENDLY 不友善的
■extremely unfriendly 冷若冰霜的；冷冰冰的；冷淡的
• She gave me a glacial smile/stare. 她向我微微冷笑了一下／冷冷地瞪了我一眼。
adj. [地质] 冰的；冰冷的；冰河时代的
 - ice, icy

Word: honestly
Front: honestly
[ˈɒnɪstli] (4881/4518 -K2)
Back: adv. 诚实地; 正直地; 老老实实; 老实说
分布：诚实地(45%)，的确(33%)，老实地(11%)，实在(11%)
US ['ɑ:.nɪst-] adverb
 IMPROVER
■in a way that is truthful 诚实地，正直地
• They have always dealt honestly and fairly with their customers. 他们一直诚实公道地对待顾客。
• I can't honestly say what time I'll be home. 我不确定甚么时候能回家。
• I'll do it tomorrow, honestly (= I promise that I will do it). 我明天会做，我发誓。
UK ['ɒn.ɪst.li] US ['ɑ:.nɪst-] adverb exclamation
■used to emphasize disapproval （用于强调不赞成）
• Honestly, you'd think she'd have asked you first! 真够呛，你还真的肯定她会先问问你！
adv. 真诚地；公正地
 - sincerely, truly, frankly, genuinely

Word: indistinguishable
Front: indistinguishable
[ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃəbl] (12351/11259 -1)
Vocabulary: indistinguishable
(once / 3845 pages)
adj
If you can't tell the difference between two things, they're indistinguishable — they appear the same. Although their parents can tell them apart, identical twins are indistinguishable to most people.
It's easy to see which of two bills is worth twenty dollars and which is Monopoly money, but a professionally counterfeited bill is indistinguishable from a real one. One of the earliest uses of this word was by Shakespeare around 1600, when he gave it the meaning "of indeterminate shape." The definition evolved, first to "not clearly perceived," and then finally to "incapable of being told apart."
WORD FAMILY
indistinguishable: indistinguishability, indistinguishably+/ distinguish: distinguishable, distinguished, distinguishes, distinguishing/ distinguishable: distinguishably, indistinguishable, undistinguishable/ distinguished: distinguishedly, undistinguished/undistinguishable: undistinguishably
USAGE EXAMPLES
For the narrator, his daughter’s death and the end of the world are indistinguishable.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Maybe the Clinton picture represents a new brand of presidential portraiture, for a time when politics and entertainment are indivisible, heroes and rogues indistinguishable.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
One thing is indistinguishable between the eras—all the winning to start a season.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 难区分的，不能分辨的; 不易察觉的; 无特征的
分布：不能区别的(50%)，不易觉察的(30%)，难以理解的(20%)
→in-,不，非，distinguishable,可区分的。
【记】distinguish（v 区别；辨别）
adjective
■impossible to judge as being different when compared to another similar thing 难以区别的，难以分辨的
• These forgeries are so good that they are more or less indistinguishable from the originals. 这些赝品很逼真，几乎没法将它们和真品区分开来。

Word: imaginable
Front: imaginable
[ɪˈmædʒɪnəbl] (11264/14008 -1)
Vocabulary: imaginable
(once / 1042 pages)
adj
If something is imaginable, it's something you can think of or conceive. Often, this means the same as "possible."
If something is imaginable, then it's possible to conceive it or grasp it with your mind. Since the mind is powerful, a lot of things are imaginable. This word is often used in exaggerations or to make something seem impressive. People will say things like, "That was the worst day imaginable," which means it would be impossible to think of a worse day. If you can think of something, it's imaginable.
WORD FAMILY
imaginable: imaginably, unimaginable+/ imagination: imaginations/ imaginative: imaginatively, imaginativeness, unimaginative/ imagine: imaginable, imagination, imaginative, imagined, imagining/unimaginable: unimaginably/unimaginative: unimaginatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
It requires superb creativity and impeccable timing—and carries the potential to fail in the most embarrassing ways imaginable.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
Or that strangers on social media would spend the rest of the day bombarding him with the vilest insults imaginable.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
For generations, slaves were excluded from the promise that “all men are created equal” in the most brutal manner imaginable.
Slate(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 可想像的; 可能的
分布：可想像的(80%)，可想到的(20%)
可想象的(imagine+able)[imag,imit=imagine,lkeness,表示"想象,相象"]
adjective
■possible to think of 可想像的，想像得到的
• The school offers courses in every subject imaginable. 任何一种能想到的课程，这所学校均有开设。
• ice cream of every imaginable flavour 可以想像到的任何一种口味的霜淇淋
imaginable, imaginary, imaginative
这些词都是与想象有关的形容词。
imaginable: 可以想象得到的。如：This is the only solution imaginable.(这是惟一想得出的解决办法。)
imaginary: 假想的，虚构的。如：an imaginary character in a story(故事里的虚构人物)
imaginative: 富于想象力力的。如：an imaginative artist(想像力丰定的艺术家)
adj. 可能的；可想像的
 - feasible, possible, potential, conceivable

Word: intrude
Front: intrude
[ɪnˈtru:d] (研托宝 10162/9651 -1)
Vocabulary: intrude
(once / 336 pages)
v
When someone says, “I hate to intrude, but…” you can bet she is in fact going to interrupt your conversation or insert her opinion, even though it isn’t wanted. House burglars also intrude, but they don’t usually announce it first.
People can intrude in different ways, but it is usually uninvited and also unwelcome. This verb is derived from the Latin, intrudere, in which the in- means “into” and -trudere means, “to thrust.” So people can in intrude by thrusting or forcing themselves into your private life, your personal body space, or your home. Loud music could intrude into your studying. A memory could intrude while you are trying to focus on texting a message.
WORD FAMILY
intrude: intruded, intruder, intrudes, intruding, intrusion, intrusive +/ intruder: intruders/ intrusion: intrusions/ intrusive: intrusively, intrusiveness, unintrusive/unintrusive: unintrusively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The demands of the president’s day job sometimes intrude.
New York Times(Jul 02, 2016)
While I wouldn’t want to write anywhere else than my home now, it’s not ideal because so many other things intrude.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Intruded Upon: “Only” once a month — that’s a lot of reminders that you’re expected to live in a way that pleases your in-laws.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vi. 侵入，侵扰，打扰; 闯入; 打扰
vt. 把观点强加于他人; [地质]侵入其他地层; 把…硬挤
时态：intruded, intruding, intrudes
分布：打扰(38%)，侵入(32%)，闯入(21%)，干涉(9%)
→in-,进入，使，-trud,推进，逼迫，词源同obtrude,threat.引申词义侵入，侵犯。
硬挤进;侵入(in进+trud+e→推进去→挤进)[trud,trus=push,表示"推"]
vi.闯入,侵入vt.把(思想等)强加于人;强挤入I hope I am not intruding.我希望我不致打扰你.
【记】in进入，trude突出一突然进去一闯入
【参】extrude（v 挤压出；突出；伸出）
verb intransitive
■to go into a place or situation in which you are not wanted or not expected to be 闯入，侵扰
• I didn't realise your husband was here, Dr Jones - I hope I'm not intruding. 琼斯博士，我不知道您丈夫在这里——但愿我没有打扰你们。
• Newspaper editors are being urged not to intrude on/into the grief of the families of missing servicemen. 人们强烈要求报纸编辑不要烦扰失踪军人悲痛的家属。
vi. 闯入；侵入；侵扰
 - horn in, darken the door

Word: lamentable
Front: lamentable
[ˈlæməntəbl] (宝 25908/19782)
Vocabulary: lamentable
(once / 1435 pages)
adj
Something that's lamentable is unfortunate. If your basketball team gets killed in the final game, you could call it a lamentable way for the season to end.
Something that's not satisfactory can be described as lamentable, like a high school art room equipped with only crayons and construction paper. A person's inappropriate behavior could also be considered lamentable — whether it's the cruel words of a bully or your lack of preparation for an important speech. The Latin word lamentationem is at the root of lamentable, and it means "wailing, moaning, or weeping." If a situation is bad enough to make you cry, it's lamentable.
WORD FAMILY
lamentable: lamentablest, lamentably+/ lament: lamentable, lamentation, lamented, lamenter, lamenting, laments/ lamented: lamentedly, unlamented/lamenting: lamentingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The lamentable end to the season will also influence the future of two coaches, for different reasons.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He is able to compartmentalize most things, often arguing that the only lamentable issues are the ones in your control.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
I ran into the issue firsthand, and it’s a doozy, wrestling the frame rate down into lamentable single digits.
Time(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 可悲的，令人惋惜的
分布：可悲的(68%)，哀伤的(16%)，可怜的(16%)
→来自lament,痛惜，悲痛。
【记】la拉，men男人，table桌子：拉男人上桌子，要喝酒－不快的
【反】exultation（n 狂喜）－lamentation（n 悲叹）
UK ['læm.ən-] US [-tˌə-] formal
adjective
■deserving severe criticism; very bad 应该受到批评的，应遭谴责的；糟糕的
• the lamentable state of the economy 糟糕的经济状况
adj. 可悲的；可怜的；哀伤的
 - poor, wretched

Word: nomadic
Front: nomadic
[nəʊ'mædɪk] (托宝 15019/12637 -1)
Vocabulary: nomadic
(once / 4766 pages)
adj
A nomad is someone who lives by traveling from place to place. Nomadic thus means anything that involves moving around a lot. Nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes follow the animals they hunt, carrying tents with them.
You don't have to be a nomad to live a nomadic lifestyle. People who work for the state department travel from foreign country to foreign country in four-year postings––they might call this nomadic. If you change schools a lot because of your parents' moves, you could say you've had a nomadic education.
WORD FAMILY
nomadic: nomadically, nonnomadic
USAGE EXAMPLES
The day the trio finally tracked down the nomadic family, Bell was nervous they might be wary of being filmed.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
The UPC is largely composed of Fulani, a group of historically nomadic herders found across west and central Africa.
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
Mongolians survive long winters of subzero temperatures, many of them living as nomadic herders.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 游牧的; 流浪的
分布：游牧的(45%)，游牧民族的(35%)，流浪的(20%)
游牧的;流浪的[nom=pasture(牧场)]
ADJ
游牧的;游牧部落的
Nomadic people travel from place to place rather than living in one place all the time.
例：...the great nomadic tribes of the Western Sahara.西撒哈拉伟大的游牧部落
ADJ-GRADED
流浪的
If someone has a nomadic way of life, they travel from place to place and do not have a settled home.
例：The daughter of a railway engineer, she at first had a somewhat nomadic childhood.作为一个铁路工程师的女儿，她最初的童年生活有些漂泊不定。
adj. 游牧的；流浪的；游动的
 - ragamuffinly, migratory

Word: moustache
Front: moustache
[məˈstɑ:ʃ] (高雅 16314/7198 -1)
Back: n. 髭; 小胡子; 触须
分布：小胡子(87%)，八字须(13%)
US ['mʌs.tæʃ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■hair which a man grows above his upper lip 髭，八字须
• Groucho Marx had a thick black moustache. 格鲁乔‧马克斯留着浓密的黑色八字须。
n. 小胡子；髭；触须
 - antenna, taz

Word: misdemeanour
Front: misdemeanour
[ˌmɪsdɪˈmi:nə(r)] (-/14645)
Back: n. 不法行为; （相对于重罪的）轻罪，小罪
分布：轻罪(86%)，不检点的行为(14%)
US [-nɚ] noun countable
■an action which is slightly bad or breaks a rule but is not a crime 不正当的行为，不检点的举止
• sexual/youthful misdemeanours 不检点的性行为／青年人的不端行为
• Every week, as children, we were beaten for some minor misdemeanour. 我们小时候每周都因为一些小过错而挨打。
n. 行为不端；轻罪；不轨行为
 - venial sin, peccadillo

Word: norfolk
Front: norfolk
[ˈnɔ:fək] (-/4573)
Back: n. 诺福克
分布：名词(100%)

Word: polygamy
Front: polygamy
[pəˈlɪgəmi] (18740/37902)
Vocabulary: polygamy
(once / 2479 pages)
n
Polygamy is the practice of being married to more than one husband or wife at a time.
Polygamy comes from the Late Greek word polygamos, meaning “often married.” While viewed as controversial in the Western world, polygamy is a custom that's been practiced by humans throughout history, and is still practiced in many places. It was a distinguishing characteristic of early Mormonism — founder Joseph Smith had more than 30 wives. In zoology, monogamy, or having only one mate, is rare, while polygamy, the mating habit of animals with numerous mates, is much more common.
WORD FAMILY
polygamy: polygamies, polygamist, polygamous +/ polygamist: polygamists/ polygamous: polygamously
USAGE EXAMPLES
And to Charles in Vermont, no, in Canada they are not allowed to practice polygamy, spousal abuse, or honor killings.
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
Polygamy is legal for Muslim males in Pakistan but widely seen as a sign of hard-core conservatism.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Mr. Kadyrov also supports polygamy in Chechnya, even though it is illegal in Russia.
New York Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 多配偶（制），一夫多妻（制）或一妻多夫（制）; 多妻制; 多偶制; 一夫多妻制
分布：一夫多妻制(72%)，多配偶制(28%)
→poly-,多，复，聚，-gam,结婚，配对，词源同gamete,monogamy.
noun uncountable
■the fact or custom of being married to more than one person at the same time 多配偶（制）

Word: opacity
Front: opacity
[əʊˈpæsəti] (宝 22379/25662)
Vocabulary: opacity
(once / 18821 pages)
n
Opacity is the characteristic of being difficult to understand or unclear. A professor whose lectures are known for opacity is going to find himself in a room full of some very frustrated students.
In its literal sense opacity is used to talk about objects that don't allow light to shine through. A window that has accumulated a lot of dirt and dust is characterized by its opacity, as opposed to a transparent window, which is one you can see right through. The word opacity is used more generally for anything obscure, unclear, or incomprehensible, like the opacity of a novel full of ten-syllable words or a dictionary that doesn't give you any clear or straightforward definitions.
WORD FAMILY
opacity: opacities+/ opaque: opacity, opaquely, opaqueness, opaquer, semiopaque/opaqueness: opaquenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
It became a mainstay at beer keggers, where its size, typically 16 ounces, durability and opacity were prized attributes.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Perhaps the greatest challenge screen actors face is capturing that opacity.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
How’s ‘hard-core expression’? Huppert pushes her entire self to the limit while doing more for opacity than any curtain you’ve ever seen.”
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 不透明性; 费解; 难懂; 模糊
分布：不透明(93%)，暧昧(5%)，晦涩难懂(1%)，迟钝(1%)
→来自opaque的名词形式。
【反】transparency＝clarity（n 清楚；透明）；translucence（n 半透明）
US [oʊ'pæs.ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■the state of being opaque , or the degree to which something is opaque 不透明；不透明性，不透明度
n. [光] 不透明；不传导；暧昧
 - ambiguity, shadiness

Word: prostate
Front: prostate
[ˈprɒsteɪt] (7368/17378 -1)
Vocabulary: prostate
(once / 4195 pages)
nadj
The prostate gland is part of a man's reproductive system; it's located near his bladder and is about the size of a kiwi fruit. Prostate cancer, which is fairly common in men, is usually treatable if it is detected early.
The prostate is a gland found in most male mammals. The root word is the Greek prostates, which literally means one who stands before, or protector, guardian — which describes the prostate's position in front of the bladder. Don't confuse prostate, the part of male anatomy, with prostrate a verb that describes lying down.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
prostate / prostrate
Oh, for the want of a letter! Prostate is a gland found in male mammals, but prostrate, with an r, means to lie face down. Get them mixed up and you'll thoroughly confuse your doctor.
A prostate (no r)is a gland in front of the bladder of male mammals. You often hear about men having enlarged prostates or prostate cancer:
A longer index finger gives men a lower risk of prostate cancer. (Reuters)
Prostatecancer begins in the walnut-sized prostate gland, an integral part of the male reproductive system. (Science Magazine)
Until very recently, the American Cancer Society also urged men to get tested in order to avoid being killed by prostate cancer. (Time)
Add that second "r" in there, and prostrate means to lie or bow down. You might prostrate yourself before royalty, or lie prostrate on the floor if you have the flu or if your best friend just died. Prostrate is to be flattened:
I found myself prostrate, then crawling until my glasses broke. (New York Times)
When Lord Macartney came to China he refused to prostrate himself before the Emperor in the ritual kowtow out of respect to his own monarch. (The Telegraph)
See the poor wretch, prostrate at the royal feet, imploring a little indulgence, and promising what is utterly beyond his power. (Joseph Cross)
Men might have prostate cancer, which has nothing to do with what they ate, but remember the r in prostrate stands for relax or lie down.
WORD FAMILY
prostate: prostates, prostatic
USAGE EXAMPLES
An 83-year-old man has prostate cancer and feels faint every time he stands up.
BBC(Nov 29, 2016)
Kerr said he was diagnosed with an enlarged prostate, and hoped Drake would accommodate his condition.
Washington Times(Nov 22, 2016)
DiMasi has been treated for throat and prostate cancer in prison.
Seattle Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 前列腺
adj. 前列腺的
分布：前列腺(100%)
→来自拉丁语prostata,前列腺，来自希腊语prostates aden,位于前面的腺体，来自pro-,向前，-st,站立，词源同stand,prostitute.aden,腺体，词源同adenoid.
N-COUNT
前列腺
The prostate or the prostate gland is an organ in the body of male mammals which is situated at the neck of the bladder and produces a liquid which forms part of semen.

Word: prophecy
Front: prophecy
[ˈprɒfəsi] (六雅宝 9417/9814 -1)
Vocabulary: prophecy
(once / 402 pages)
n
If a fortune teller made a prophecy that you were going to become a billionaire in your lifetime, you'd be pretty excited. A prophecy is a prediction, or a magical look into the future.
The noun prophecy means a magical foreknowledge, although it can also be used in a playful way to describe an ordinary guess or prediction about the future. So you could say, "Her prophecy for the weather next week is incredibly depressing." The word comes from the Greek prophetia — literally, "gift of interpreting the will of the gods". The verb form is prophesy, or predict, and it's spelled with an s instead of a c.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
prophecy / prophesy
One letter separates prophecy from prophesy, and the close relationship is derived from a shared word history.
A prophecy is a prediction or an utterance from a prophet inspired by his god. It entered English before 1200 with two spellings: prophecie and prophesie. It was borrowed from the Old French prophetie/prophecie/prophesie, which originated in Late Latin and Greek.
Some psychological professionals swear by the power of the self-fulfilling prophecy.
What are your thoughts on how Egypt relates to biblical prophecy?
To think that such a rodent has these abilities of prophecy!
To prophesy is to predict something or to utter something inspired by one's god. It pops up in English in about 1350 as prophecien and prophesien, coming through the Old French prophecier.
But we want to know why you do not prophesy like other prophets, especially on the political situation of Nigeria or at the beginning of the year?
I prophesy that the GOP will lie right through its teeth in 50 years and take credit for the "Affordable Health Care" law.
"Ryan Seacrest will be mine someday," prophesied 17-year-old Courtney Penry of Missouri City, Texas, when American Idol auditions touched down in Austin.
Until 1700, the noun and the verb were spelled the same. However, the differentiated spelling may be disappearing already. Garner's Modern American Usage notes that prophesy for prophecy is at stage 3 of language change: it's common even among educated speakers and writers.
WORD FAMILY
prophecy: prophecies, prophetical+/ prophet: prophecy, prophetic / prophetic: prophetically, unprophetic/unprophetic: unprophetically
USAGE EXAMPLES
You may find these are not happy prophecies, but please don’t disparage the messenger.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Such apocalyptic imagery may be more likely to become a self‐fulfilling prophecy than to rouse people to action.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
He said that if some of the fires were started intentionally, it was most likely a “self-fulfilling prophecy” inspired by the media and by politicians.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 预言; 预言能力; 预言书
分布：预言(99%)，=prophesy.(1%)
→名词，来自prophet,预言家，-cy,抽象名词后缀。
【记】pro前，phecy语言－前面的语言－预言
【参】prophylactic（adj 预防疾病的；n 避孕工具）
US ['prɑ:.fə-] noun
countable
■a statement that says what is going to happen in the future, especially one which is based on what you believe about a particular matter rather than existing facts （尤指基于主观判断的）预言
• The minister suggested that the dire prophecies of certain leading environmentalists were somewhat exaggerated. 部长暗示说某些很有影响的环保人士所作的可怕预言在一定程度上有些夸张。
• These doom and gloom prophecies are doing little to help the economy. 这些悲观的预言对经济毫无帮助。
uncountable formal
■the ability to say what is going to happen in the future 预言的能力
prophecy, forecast, prediction
prophecy: 根据个人感觉而作的预言
forecast: 预测，预报
prediction: 一般意义的预言，预告
n. 预言；预言书；预言能力
 - prediction, message

Word: prerequisite
Front: prerequisite
[ˌpri:ˈrekwəzɪt] (六托宝 11079/10265 -1)
Vocabulary: prerequisite
(once / 9278 pages)
nadj
A prerequisite is a required prior condition. If something is required in advance of something else, like if you have to take a beginning Spanish class before signing up for Spanish II, then it’s a prerequisite.
Add pre meaning "before" to require and you have something that's "required before." (That's helpful when trying to spell prerequisite!) Prerequisites to be able to graduate from college can seem like a pain, but most schools offer some fun ways to fulfill them. For example, you can often meet the physical education prerequisite by taking bowling. Prerequisites aren't just for school: “The most called-upon prerequisite of a friend is an accessible ear,” said Maya Angelou, the American poet.
WORD FAMILY
prerequisite: prerequisites+/ requisite: prerequisite, requisiteness, requisites
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here, then, are the prerequisites of the presidency.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s an art all its own, of course, an interpretative one, and writing the screenplay is clearly not a prerequisite for directing the film.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Providing commentary on the state of today’s politics and culture is not a prerequisite for Kerr’s job.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 先决条件，前提，必要条件
adj. 必须先具备的，必要的; 先决条件的
分布：前提(66%)，先决条件(32%)，必备的(1%)，作为前提的(1%)
→pre-,在前，早于，requisite,要求。
先决条件(pre预先+requisite必需品→先决条件)[Quest,quir,quis,quer=seek,search,表示"寻求,询问"]
【记】pre前，requisite要求－提前的要求－先决条件
[ˌpri:'rek.wɪ.zɪt] formal
noun countable
■something which must exist or happen before something else can exist or happen 先决条件，前提，必备条件
• Passing a written exam is a prerequisite for taking the advanced course. 通过笔试是学习进阶课程的前提。
• Public support is a prerequisite for/to the success of this project. 大众支持是这一计划取得成功的必备条件。
• They had to agree to certain conditions as a prerequisite of being lent the money. 他们不得不同意一些条件才能借到钱。
n. 先决条件
 - prior condition, pre-condition

Word: sac
Front: sac
[sæk] (托 17836/16085 -1)
Vocabulary: sac
(once / 7558 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A sac is a hollow space or container. While any pocket or pouch can be called a sac, the word usually refers to a small enclosed space that occurs in nature, like a spider's egg sac or a squid's ink sac.
You might put your groceries in a sack, but without the “k” a sac is smaller and attached to a plant or animal. Human fetuses grow inside an amniotic sac, and seed plants produce pollen inside sacs as well. Since the mid-1700s, sac has been used to mean "biological pocket," from the Latin root word saccus, or "bag." If you’re not sure which sac to use, it’s almost always the other one unless you’re in biology class.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
sac / sack
Both are containers, but a sac is for plants and animals, and a sack is for a sandwich. So spiders put their eggs in a sac, and people put their groceries in a sack.
A sac is usually biological — attached to a living thing. At the end of E.B. White's, Charlotte's Web, Charlotte, the dying spider, says, "This is my egg sac, my magnum opus, my great work."
Sacs aren't just for spiders, though. Humans have them, too:
 "The identical twin girls shared an amniotic sac and placenta." (Washington Post)
"It damages air sacs and passages to the lungs, and can make breathing a struggle." (BBC)
Add a "k" to make sack and you've got yourself another name for a bag you can put your groceries in. You might have a sack of flour in your kitchen. Soldiers can also sack entire villages, as in raid them. People also sack quarterbacks and needless employees. Here are some examples:
"Within earshot, Meser, a 32-year-old farmer, sat on three sacks of rice with two cans of oil resting by his feet." (New York Times)
"Attitudes hardened after the sacking of Constantinople, the centre of the Orthodox empire, by Crusaders in 1204." (The Guardian)
"Every team that passed me, I was thinking how I'm going to sack their quarterback." (Salon)
They sound exactly the same, and they both contain something, but sac is more specific and rare than sack. You put your snack in a sack.
WORD FAMILY
sac: sacs
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Spokane County Medical Examiner said Friday that Patricia Johnson died of heart failure after the sac around her heart filled with fluid.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Illegal salvers deactivate their AIS when over a shipwreck, which registers with the SAC system.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
His fingers plunged inside the urchin and then he passed me the slimy orange sac that lurked within it.
New York Times(Aug 30, 2016)
Back: n. （动植物组织中的）囊，液囊
abbr. 缩写 = (US) Strategic Air Command 战略空军司令部。
分布：囊(94%)，液囊(6%)
→来自法语 sac,囊，来自拉丁语 saccus,袋子，口袋，词源同 sack.
[sæk] specialized
noun countable
■a part of a plant or animal which is like a bag and often contains liquid （动植物的）囊，液囊
n. [生物] 囊；液囊
 - sacch, bursa

Word: redoubt
Front: redoubt
[rɪˈdaʊt] (26658/34407)
Back: n. （防御系统中的）最后阵地; 孤立的前哨站
分布：堡垒(100%)
→来自法语 redoute,掩体，堡垒，来自拉丁语 reductus,避难地，撤退地，来自 re-,向后，往回， -duct,拉，引导，词源同 conduct,reduction.拼写受 doubt 影响俗化。
noun countable formal
■something which holds or defends a belief or a way of life, especially one that is disappearing or threatened （尤指即将消失或受到威胁的信仰或生活方式的）安全藏身处，堡垒，据点
• He described British public schools as "the last redoubt of upper-class privilege". 他称英国私立公学为＝上层阶级特权的最后堡垒”。
specialized
■a small, often hidden, building in which soldiers can hide themselves while they are fighting 防御工事；掩体

Word: regrettable
Front: regrettable
[rɪˈgretəbl] (17467/13691 -1)
Vocabulary: regrettable
(once / 4608 pages)
adj
Regrettable describes things that make you feel sorry. Letting your sister borrow your own snow shovel became a regrettable decision the moment the big storm started.
Actions and events are regrettable if they result in feelings of regret, or if they're unwelcome or undesirable. Wearing your least comfortable shoes on a walking tour of Paris will be a regrettable choice if blisters form on your toes. Remember, regrettable describes things like decisions, actions or words. Regretful is for describing people and feelings that express regret.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
regrettably / regretfully
Regrettably is used when something's a bummer, but it's not necessarily your fault. Regretfully is when you're full of regret, like if you decided to stay home and your friends saw your crush at the dance.
Both words have the same root: regret, meaning to feel sadness, repentance, or disappointment, but they each have their own way of dealing with it. Regrettably describes something that deserves regret, and is used like the word "unfortunately." Regrettably is like bad luck, and it often kicks off a sentence:
Regrettably, Mr. Gao and Dr. Liu's imprisonment reflect the increased assaults on the rule of law and the repression faced by human rights advocates in China. (Council for a Community of Democracies)
Regrettably, some consumer advocates have joined in that chorus. (New York Times)
"Regrettably, few weapons in the history of warfare, once created, have gone unused," Lynn said. (Forbes)
But regretfully is more like a polite way to say sadly, like if you must regretfully decline an invitation to the garden party. Or if you're full of regret, like if you regretfully stayed in on Saturday night because you thought the party would be boring. Regretfully can begin a sentence, but it usually doesn't:
"I am half sorry we spared him after all," Leonidas said regretfully. (Robert H. Fuller)
The man looked down at his boy sadly, sorrowfully, regretfully. (Maurice Thompson)
People have confused them so often, by using regretfully as a sentence adverb to mean unfortunately, that it's kind of okay to do it now. Both words look behind them and wish something else had happened, but regrettably is when it's not your fault, and regretfully is when you're full of it. (Regret, that is.)
WORD FAMILY
regrettable: regrettably +/ regret: regretful, regrets, regrettable, regretted, regretting/ regretful: regretfully, unregretful/regretting: unregretting/unregretful: unregretfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Our hearts are heavy for the pain caused by eugenics. It was a sad and regrettable chapter … one that must never be repeated.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“It’s regrettable that the witnesses disregarded the authority of the people and the parliament by ignoring their obligation to attend,” said committee chairman Kim Sung-Tae.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
On Sunday, Germany’s Foreign Ministry called the incident “regrettable,” even as social-media pundits and politicians across the political spectrum fumed.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人遗憾的; 可惜的; 可悲的; 抱歉的
分布：遗憾的(79%)，可惜的(11%)，可叹的(10%)
US [-'gretˌ-] formal
adjective
■making you feel sad and sorry about something 使人悔恨的；令人遗憾的；不幸的；可悲的
• a most/deeply regrettable mistake 令人深感懊悔的错误
adj. 令人遗憾的；可惜的；可悲的；抱歉的
 - sorry, unfortunate

Word: rightful
Front: rightful
[ˈraɪtfl] (13054/11388 -1)
Vocabulary: rightful
(once / 1084 pages)
adj
Something that's rightful is deserved or legitimate. If you accidentally grab someone else's coat when you leave school, you'll have to bring it back and return it to its rightful owner.
You'll frequently find rightful describing the word owner: "Police were quickly able to return the puppy to its rightful owner after the hoodlum grabbed it from the back yard." Anything or anyone with a legal right to something is considered rightful, so a newly elected U.S. president takes their rightful place as leader of the country as soon as they're sworn in.
WORD FAMILY
rightful: rightfully, rightfulness+/ right: righted, righter, rightest, rightful, righting, rightish, rightism, rightly, rightmost, rightness, rights/rightism: rightist/rightist: rightists/rightness: rightnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Tigers, who last won it all in 1981, hope to claim what they see as their rightful place in college football.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“He was proud of his nation and was a real believer in Turkey’s rightful place in Europe,” Mr. Ivanovich said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Culling and even safari hunting will restore humans’ rightful place as apex predator amid an explosion in crocodiles, some argue.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 合法的; 正当的; 正直的
分布：合法的(71%)，正确的(20%)，依法享有权利的(9%)
adjective
■A rightful position or claim is one which is morally or legally correct 公正的；合法的；正当的
• Don't forget that I am the rightful owner of this house. 不要忘记我是这所房子的合法主人。
adj. 合法的；正当的；公正的；正直的
 - legal, judicial, valid, legitimate, straight

Word: sterile
Front: sterile
[ˈsteraɪl] (托宝 9354/9882 -1)
Vocabulary: sterile
(once / 803 pages)
adj
A sterile person can't have kids, and a sterile environment is bland and boring. In both cases, sterile means lifeless.
When you hear about a sterile person, it means they can't have kids: sterile women can't get pregnant, and sterile men can't be fathers. But the concept of sterility applies to things, too. An empty, white room with nothing in it is sterile. And a surgeon's instruments better be sterile — meaning they're free from germs and bacteria.
WORD FAMILY
sterile: sterileness, sterilise, sterility, sterilize +/sterilise: sterilisation, sterilised, steriliser, sterilises, sterilising/sterilised: unsterilised/steriliser: sterilisers/sterility: sterilities/sterilization: sterilizations/ sterilize: sterilization, sterilized, sterilizer, sterilizes, sterilizing/sterilized: unsterilized/sterilizer: sterilizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Targeting Islamic militant groups in Egypt’s northern Sinai Desert, it also destroyed hundreds of homes in the volatile border area to create a “sterile zone.”
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The section produces it as a sterile product to extend its shelf life, she said.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Perhaps the most unique project was installing a positive air pressure system typically found only in sterile hospitals.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 不毛的，贫瘠的; 不生育的; 无菌的; 无效果的
分布：无菌的(57%)，贫瘠的(27%)，无结果的(8%)，无生气的(6%)，无生育能力的(2%)
→来自拉丁语 sterilis,土地贫瘠的，无收获的，无产出的，来自 ster,固定的，坚固的，僵 硬的，词源同 stern,stark.后用于比喻义指无生育的，以及杀过菌的，消过毒的。
【反】verdant（adj 翠绿的）
US [-əl] adjective
UNABLE TO PRODUCE 不能生育的
■(of a living being) unable to produce young, or (of land) unable to produce plants or crops （生物）不育的；（土地）贫瘠的，不长作物的
• Mules are usually sterile. 骡子通常无法生育。
• One of the side effects of the drug could be to make men sterile. 这种药物的副作用之一是可能会导致男性不孕。
■having no imagination or new ideas or energy 缺乏想像力的；了无新意的；无生气的
• a sterile argument 毫无新意的论点
UK ['ster.aɪl] US [-əl] adjective
CLEAN 干净的
■completely clean and free from dirt and bacteria 消过毒的，无菌的
• The operation must be carried out under sterile conditions. 手术必须在无菌条件下进行。
adj. 不育的；无菌的；贫瘠的；不毛的；枯燥乏味的
 - hungry, desert

Word: transpire
Front: transpire
[trænˈspaɪə(r)] (托 12367/11107 -1)
Vocabulary: transpire
(once / 1868 pages)
1v 2v
Transpire is a fancy way of saying "happen." You might go to a fortune teller to find out what will transpire in the future.
Originally used to express when information became known or came to light, many purists will tell you that's really the best way to use transpire. It can also mean releasing vapor into the air, like when a plant transpires water through its leaves on a hot day. Note: you'll usually encounter this word in its past tense: for example, "We had to watch the replay to figure out what had transpired."
WORD FAMILY
transpire: transpiration, transpired, transpires, transpiring+/ transpiration: transpirations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The scent, it transpires, is white tea and thyme.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
“We’re conducting a full review to understand what transpired,” the statement said.
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
But it transpires they found one very effective way to relax: Tai Chi.
BBC(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vi. 蒸发; 泄露; （事情）发生
vt. 使蒸发; 使排出; [医]发汗; （秘密）被泄漏
时态：transpired, transpiring, transpires
分布：蒸发(48%)，排出(26%)，泄露(26%)
→trans-,转变，-spir,呼吸，词源同 spirit,conspire.引申诸相关词义。
泄露(trans交流+spire→互相呼吸→泄露)[spir=breathe表示"呼吸"]
【记】trans传导，spire呼吸：毛孔或气孔散发
【参】transplantation（n 迁移；移民）；transpose（v 颠倒顺序）pose“摆”
US [-'spaɪɚ] verb
BECOME KNOWN 为人所知
intransitive formal
■If it transpires that something has happened, this previously secret or unknown fact becomes known （秘密或未知事实）暴露，公开，为人所知
• [+ that] It may yet transpire that ministers knew more than they are admitting at the moment. 但有一天人们或许会发现，部长当时知道的比他们现在承认的要多。
• As it later transpired, she had known him at school. 后来得知她上学时就认识他。
UK [træn'spaɪər] US [-'spaɪɚ] verb
HAPPEN 发生
intransitive formal
■to happen 发生
• No one is willing to predict what may transpire at the peace conference. 没有人愿意预测和平会议上会发生甚么。
UK [træn'spaɪər] US [-'spaɪɚ] verb
LOSE WATER 失去水分
intransitive or transitive specialized
■If a body or plant transpires, it loses water through its surface or skin. （人体或植物）蒸腾，水分蒸发
vi. 发生；蒸发；泄露
 - occur, happen, proceed
vt. 使蒸发；使排出
 - exhale

Word: seminary
Front: seminary
[ˈsemɪnəri] (宝 9762/21980)
Vocabulary: seminary
(once / 907 pages)
n
What do ministers, priests, rabbis, and children have in common? They all might attend a school that has the word seminary in its name. A seminary is a school, especially one where people train to be religious leaders.
Seminary comes from the Latin word seminarium, meaning "plant nursery," which can be interpreted as, "breeding ground." Like a greenhouse that provides ideal conditions for seeds to grow into hearty plants, a seminary was first a place for young men to become priests. Seminary typically describes religious institutions but it can apply to nonreligious schools as well.
WORD FAMILY
seminary: seminarian, seminaries, seminarist+/seminarian: seminarians/seminarist: seminarists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The seminary building is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Harold:I told her I was born and raised in New Orleans and spent four years in a Catholic seminary.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Moll spent his teenage years in Philadelphia, where his father entered the Lutheran seminary, and in Yonkers, N.Y., where his father preached.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 神学院; 中等学校; 神学院学生
分布：神学院(52%)，学院(43%)，发源地(5%)
→来自拉丁语 seminarium,育种室，来自 semen,种子，-arium,表地方。后引申词义神学院，即 培养牧师的摇篮。
神学院,研究班(semin+ary表示场所→上帝的种子场→神学院)[semin=vseed,表示"种子"]
神学院(semin种子,培养上帝的种子之地)[-ary 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,场所,物"]
【记】semin种子，ary地方－培养上帝种子的地方－神学院
【参】seminar（n 研究会）
US [-ner.i] noun countable
■a college for training people to become priests 神学院
n. 神学院；学校；发源地；高级中学
 - divinity school, Regent College

Word: tremble
Front: tremble
[ˈtrembl] (高研四六托雅 5233/4432 -2)
Vocabulary: tremble
(once / 89 pages)
vn
To tremble is to quiver or shake without meaning to. Your hands probably tremble when you're nervous.
Trembling is a movement, but it's not one that anyone intends to make. Someone who is extremely scared or cold might tremble all over. Older people tend to tremble more often than younger people, sometimes because of serious disorders like Parkinson's disease. The root word of tremble is the Latin tremulus, "trembling or tremulous." Certain honey bees perform a wiggly, shivering movement called a "tremble dance," which scientists believe inspires speedier nectar collection.
WORD FAMILY
tremble: trembled, trembler, trembles, trembling+/trembler: tremblers/trembling: tremblingly, tremblings
USAGE EXAMPLES
My senses clouded, chest trembled and muscles clenched.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Type for a few seconds, press “Tweet,” and the world trembles.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
In fact, the United States must meet its obligations on time, lest financial markets tremble.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vi. 发抖; 焦虑; 颤动; 轻轻摇晃
n. 震颤，发抖; 颤动，震动; 摇晃; 战栗
vt. 使挥动; 用颤抖的声音说出; 颤动，震动; 焦虑，担忧
时态：trembled, trembling, trembles
分布：颤抖(51%)，发抖(37%)，震颤(7%)，忧虑(4%)，战悚(1%)
→来自古法语 trembler,颤抖，恐惧，来自拉丁语 tremere,颤抖，摇摆，来自 trem,颤抖，来 自 ter,转，摇，扭曲，词源同 turn,torture.插入字母 b,比较 number,numerate.
发抖;摇动(trem+dle)[trem=quiver,表示"颤抖"]
n.战栗,颤抖v.发抖,颤抖;摇动;焦虑The trembles of the umbrella assembly lines have resemblances.这些雨伞装配线的抖动有相似之处.
【记】源于：tremulous（adj 颤抖的）；tremor（n /v 震动）
verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to shake slightly, usually because you are cold, frightened, or very emotional （通常因寒冷、害怕或情绪激动）颤抖，发抖
• When he came out of the water, he was trembling with cold. 他从水里出来时，冷得直打哆嗦。
• Her bottom lip trembled and tears welled up in her eyes. 她的下嘴唇颤抖，泪水也涌上眼眶。
• His voice started to tremble and I thought he was going to cry. 他的声音开始颤抖，我以为他要哭了。
['trem.bl] verb intransitive
tremble to think
■If you say that you tremble to think about a possible future event, you are worried or frightened about it 担心，害怕
• I tremble to think what will happen when he finds out. 我真担心他发现后会怎么样。
['trem.bl] noun countable or uncountable
■when something or someone trembles 颤抖；发抖
• There was a slight tremble in her voice as she recalled her husband. 她回忆丈夫时声音微微发颤。
tremble, shudder, quiver, shake, vibrate, shiver
这组词都有“震动，颤抖”的意思，其区别是：
tremble: 指由于寒冷、虚弱、愤怒或恐惧等而发抖、战栗。
shudder: 着重指由于恐惧、震惊等而引起的全身突然而强烈地战栗。
quiver: 多用于指事物。指物体像乐器的弦一般地轻微而急速地颤动。
shake: 最普通用词，含义广。指人或物不自主地颤动、摇摆，常侧重剧烈和无规律。
vibrate: 指急速地连续震动，也指钟摆等的来回摆动。
shiver: 指因寒冷或情绪突变而出现的短时间的轻微和快速的颤抖。
vi. 发抖；战栗；焦虑；摇晃
 - roll, rock
n. 颤抖；战栗；摇晃
 - roll, frisson

Word: vagary
Front: vagary
['veɪgərɪ] (宝 -/14124 -1)
Vocabulary: vagary
(once / 2887 pages)
n
A vagary is an unexpected and unpredictable change, and the word is usually used in the plural. You might know from experience that the vagaries of winter weather make planning a vacation in February a risky proposition.
Vagary traces back to the Latin root meaning "wander," and you can think of a vagary as something that wanders. Events or situations that seem to change at random have vagaries. Whether the hottest new boy band will succeed or not is dependent on the vagaries of teenage enthusiasms. The vagaries of the real estate market will determine whether that swamp property you just bought is a gold mine or a disaster.
WORD FAMILY
vagary: vagaries
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s just the vagaries of the system, the complexity of the cases and the sheer volume that is present in the criminal justice system.”
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Far from receiving postwar state support for his patriotic artistic efforts, he found himself navigating “the vagaries of the American marketplace without a financial lifeline.”
Washington Post(Oct 18, 2016)
They, therefore, created a complex web of checks and balances to guard against the possible vagaries of the democratic process.
Time(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 奇想，奇特行为; 异想天开; 怪异多变
分布：奇特(35%)，奇特行为(33%)，变幻莫测(16%)，好奇(16%)
妄想,幻想(vag+ary→思想漫游→妄想)[uag,uogr=wader,表示"漫游"]
【记】vag游移，走动，ary－游移的思想－奇想
【参】vagabond（adj 流浪的；n 流浪者）；vagrant（n 游民）
n. 奇想；奇特行为
 - whim, fantasticism

Word: unforeseen
Front: unforeseen
[ˌʌnfɔ:ˈsi:n] (14555/13715 -1)
Vocabulary: unforeseen
(once / 2294 pages)
adj
Something unforeseen is something that could not be predicted and was not expected. It's a surprise.
If something was foreseen, you saw it coming and it wasn't a surprise. Something unforeseen is the opposite: no one saw it coming. Accidents are usually unforeseen events: no one expects to get in a car or bike accident on a given day. Winning the lottery, since it's so unlikely, would be an unforeseen event. If something was unanticipated or out of the blue, it was unforeseen. Unforeseen events can be good or bad, but they’re all surprises.
WORD FAMILY
foreseen: unforeseen +/ foresee: foresaw, foreseeable, foreseed, foreseeing, foreseen, foresees/ foreseeable: foreseeably, unforeseeable/oversee: oversaw, overseed, overseeing, overseen, overseer, oversees/overseer: overseers/ see: foresee, oversee, seeable, seeing, seen, seer, sees/seeable: unseeable/seeing: seeingly, seeings, unseeing/seen: unseen, unseeyn/ seer: seers/unforeseeable: unforeseeably/unseeing: unseeingly/unseen: unseens
USAGE EXAMPLES
For last minute gift-shopping and unforeseen household needs, Walmart will be open until 6 p.m. on Christmas Eve but is closed on Christmas Day.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
But this isn’t the type of insurance homeowners buy to protect against unforeseen, catastrophic risks.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 11, 2016)
Should an some unforeseen shock rattle the economy, there will be little room to cut rates to offset it.
Economist(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 未预见到的，无法预料的; 意外的，偶然的
分布：无法预料的(100%)
US [-fɚ-] adjective
■not expected 未预见到的；意料之外的
• Due to unforeseen circumstances the cost of the improvements has risen by twenty per cent. 由于出现了意外情况，装修成本增加了20%。
• Unless there are any unforeseen problems the whole project should be finished by the spring. 除非出现甚么意外情况，整个工程应该在春季前完工。
adj. 未预见到的，无法预料的
 - unexpectable

Word: campo
Front: campo
['kæmpəʊ] (28876/25635)
Back: n. （南美洲的）草原
分布：南美草原(100%)

Word: bolshevik

Word: bearish
Front: bearish
[ˈbeərɪʃ] (23457/42290)
Back: adj. （尤指脾气）像熊一样的; 粗暴的; <股>行情下跌的; 引起跌风的
分布：粗暴的(72%)，如熊一样笨拙的(28%)
US ['ber.ɪʃ] adjective
ANIMAL 动物的
■looking or behaving like a bear 像熊一样的
UK ['beə.rɪʃ] US ['ber.ɪʃ] adjective
FINANCE 金融的 specialized
■expecting a fall in prices 行情看跌的，熊市的
• The overall oil price outlook is expected to remain bearish. 总体来说，油价预计会保持跌势。
adj. 粗暴的；如熊的；股票看跌的
 - outrageous, robustious

Word: dishonest
Front: dishonest
[dɪsˈɒnɪst] (12320/9907 -K1)
Vocabulary: dishonest
(once / 1421 pages)
adj
Someone dishonest is corrupt: a cheater, a liar, or a fraud. Dishonest folks shouldn't be trusted.
If you know that being honest means to tell the truth and be straightforward, then you can probably guess that being dishonest means to tell lies and be crooked. Liars are dishonest. Criminals are dishonest. Some lawyers and politicians have a reputation for being dishonest, as do commercials that will say anything just to get you to spend your money. Besides people, certain actions are dishonest, like forging someone's signature. When you see the word dishonest, think "Untrustworthy!"
WORD FAMILY
dishonest: dishonester, dishonestly+/ honest: dishonest, honester, honestest, honestly, honestness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those checks and balances may be the only way a dishonest pharmacist’s activities are discovered.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But it would be dishonest not to acknowledge the solace of reading her words.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
“She’s so dishonest she doesn’t want people peppering her with questions.”
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 不诚实的，不老实的; 不正直的; 狡猾的，阴险的; 不可靠的
分布：不诚实的(100%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。honest,诚实。
不诚实的(dis+honest诚实的)[dis-①表示"不,消失掉"②表示"分开,分离"]
US [-'sɑ:.nɪst] adjective
 ADVANCED
■not honest 不诚实的，不老实的，不正直的
• a dishonest lawyer 不正直的律师
• a dishonest way of making money 不诚实的赚钱方式
• morally dishonest 品行不端
• intellectually dishonest 学术上不诚实
• He's been dishonest in his dealings with us/ about his past. 他和我们做交易时一向不老实／他对自己的过去不够诚实。
adj. 不诚实的；欺诈的
 - insincere, deceptive

Word: crossrail

Word: coerce
Front: coerce
[kəʊˈɜ:s] (雅宝 11362/14580 -1)
Vocabulary: coerce
(once / 1217 pages)
v
You can bring a horse to water, but you can't make him drink. You can coerce — or pressure — someone to attend your office holiday party, but you can't make him have fun.
If you're at a point where you feel like you need to coerce someone into doing something, it might be more civilized to just give up. To coerce is to manipulate, use aggressive arguments, pressure unfairly, or threaten — really, this isn't very civilized behavior, is it? Handy synonyms for this verb include force and pressure. In a gangster film, you might hear a character say he "put the squeeze" on someone — another way of saying he coerced them.
WORD FAMILY
coerce: coerced, coerces, coercing, coercion, coercive +/coerced: uncoerced/ coercion: coercions/ coercive: coercively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet most of the coerced Christians refuse even this small gesture and suffer agonizing torture and death instead.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
To pay his men, he allegedly coerces civilians.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Or it may be an effort to coerce all nuclear powers into accepting some global aim.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 强迫，强制; 控制，限制; 威胁; 逼迫
时态：coerced, coercing, coerces
分布：强制(83%)，威胁(17%)
→co-, 强调。-erk, 限制，保护，词源同ark, arcane.
【记】co共同，erce读：饿死：想让我们共同饿死？？？除非使用暴力。
【反】coercionary（adj 强制的）－voluntary（adj 自愿的）
US [koʊ'ɝ:s] formal
verb transitive
■to persuade someone forcefully to do something which they are unwilling to do 强制，强迫；威逼，胁迫
• The court heard that the six defendants had been coerced into making a confession. 法庭在审理中发现六名被告曾受到迫供。
vt. 强制，迫使
 - pressure, enforce

Word: expansionary
Front: expansionary
[ɪkˈspænʃənri] (32458/28384)
Back: adj. 扩张性的，膨胀的
分布：扩张性的(100%)
adj. 扩张性的；膨胀的
 - ventricular, inflatable

Word: gloat
Front: gloat
[gləʊt] (托宝 17861/20348 -1)
Vocabulary: gloat
(once / 2484 pages)
vn
If you gloat, you express great satisfaction at the misfortune of others. If your team scores a big win, it would be better not to gloat. Be happy for your win, but don't laugh at their loss.
Gloat seems have come from a Germanic word meaning "to stare." Somehow people may have gotten the sense that whoever was doing the staring was also taking a deep and unwholesome pleasure in whatever he or she was seeing. Think about people staring and pointing and laughing. Sometimes you gloat when someone has rejected the help you have offered. If your little sister won't listen to your advice on how to improve her essay and then comes home with a bad grade, it will be very hard not to gloat and say "I told you so."
WORD FAMILY
gloat: gloated, gloating, gloats+/gloating: gloatings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“That was one reason I debated it, because I didn’t want to offend him. “I wasn’t gloating over it,” he continued.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
But already Iranian officials are gloating about their advances in Aleppo.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
But even this year is no time for gloating: Early in 2016, the market declined sharply and forecasters shifted their predictions lower.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vi. 幸灾乐祸地注视; 心满意足地注视; 爱慕地凝视
n. 幸灾乐祸; 沾沾自喜，洋洋得意; 爱慕的凝视，垂涎
时态：gloated, gloating, gloats
分布：幸灾乐祸(75%)，沾沾自喜(20%)，满足地看(5%)
→词源同glib, 欢喜，幸灾乐祸。
【记】glow at：用发光的眼睛看－幸灾乐祸地看读：哥漏它－哥哥踢球时候漏了球－我幸灾乐祸地看
【区】float（n /v 漂浮）
US [gloʊt] verb intransitive
■to feel or express great pleasure or satisfaction because of your own success or good luck, or someone else's failure or bad luck （因自己的成功或好运而）沾沾自喜；（因别人的失败或坏运而）幸灾乐祸
• She's continually gloating over/about her new job. 她一直在为获得新工作而沾沾自喜。
• I know I shouldn't gloat, but it really serves him right. 我知道自己不应该幸灾乐祸，可他真是活该。
• His enemies were quick to gloat at his humiliation. 看到他受辱，他的死对头乘机幸灾乐祸。
• [+ speech] "This is our fourth victory in a row, " he gloated. “这是我们连续第四场获胜了，”他洋洋得意地说。
UK [gləʊt] US [gloʊt] noun countable usually singular
■when you gloat about something 沾沾自喜；幸灾乐祸
• to have a gloat at/over/about something 对某事洋洋得意（或幸灾乐祸）
vi. 幸灾乐祸；心满意足地注视
 - lick one's chops, crow over
n. 幸灾乐祸；贪婪的盯视；洋洋得意
 - schadenfreude, Roman holiday

Word: extort
Front: extort
[ɪkˈstɔ:t] (托雅宝 19443/20836 -1)
Vocabulary: extort
(once / 939 pages)
v
To extort is to use information or the threat of violence to acquire cash or something else. Extortion is a classic shakedown, a gouge, a squeeze.
Usually it's money someone is after if they're going to extort you for it. Threats of violence and blackmail are probably the two most popular ways to extort a person. It's illegal but surprisingly common. Watch siblings play — older brothers serve no time for extortion.
WORD FAMILY
extort: extorted, extorting, extortion, extorts+/ extortion: extortioner, extortionist, extortions/extortioner: extortioners/extortionist: extortionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
However, he allegedly spends part of that money on a private prison where he beats and extorts local people.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Last week, the Tequileros allegedly kidnapped several inhabitants of Totolapan who they wanted to extort or whom they suspected of supporting a rival.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
He was sentenced to 10 years for extorting money from casino license applicants.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 敲诈; 曲解
时态：extorted, extorting, extorts
分布：勒索(52%)，敲诈(41%)，强要(7%)
→ex-, 向外。-tort, 扭曲，词源同turn, contort. 即过高要求，勒索。
强夺(ex出+tort→强扭出来→强夺)[tort=twist表示"扭曲"]
【记】ex出，tort扭，折磨－把别人的东西强扭出来－强取豪夺
【参】distort（v 歪曲）；tortuous（adj 曲折的；转弯抹角的）
US [-'stɔ:rt] verb transitive
■to get something by force or threat, or with difficulty 敲诈，勒索；强求
• He had been extorting money from the old lady for years. 他向那个老太太勒索钱财长达数年之久。
• Police have not so far been able to extort a confession from the people accused of the bombing. 到目前为止，警方一直未能令那些被控涉嫌爆炸案的人开口认罪。
vt. 敲诈；侵占；强求；牵强地引出
 - exact, shark up

Word: headmaster
Front: headmaster
[ˌhedˈmɑ:stə(r)] (高研四六雅 16726/4787 -1)
Vocabulary: headmaster
(once / 4736 pages)
n
A headmaster is the principal of a private school. Your prep school headmaster might have also taught your favorite English class.
The head of a school, especially if the school is in Britain or is private or a boarding school, is called a headmaster. The headmaster is often in charge of discipline as well as the running of the school. It's common these days to use the term head teacher rather than headmaster, since it includes both male and female principals. The word headmaster has been around since the 1570's.
WORD FAMILY
headmaster: headmasters, headmastership+/headmastership: headmasterships
USAGE EXAMPLES
The headmaster arranged for the two to meet.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
St. Mark’s School of Texas headmaster David Dini said Spencer’s activities have “been deeply troubling and terribly upsetting to our whole school community.”
Seattle Times(Nov 27, 2016)
“It certainly was a great experience,” said Peter Franklin, headmaster of the Sankt Joseph Catholic school in Copenhagen.
Seattle Times(Nov 01, 2016)
Back: n. （私立学校的）校长
分布：名词(100%)
n.校长The master's masterpiece caused a disaster to headmaster.主人的杰作给校长造成灾难.
US ['hedˌmæs.tˌɚ] noun countable mainly UK
■a male headteacher 男校长
president, principal, headmaster
这组词都有“校长”的意思，其区别是：
president: 在美国专指大学的校长，在英国指学院院长。
principal: 在英国可指大学校长、院长以及中小学校长，但在美国仅指中小学校长。
headmaster: 在英国指对中小学校长的一般称呼，尤指私立学校的校长。
n. 校长
 - principal, president

Word: mannered
Front: mannered
[ˈmænəd] (宝 25883/19451 -1)
Vocabulary: mannered
(once / 6090 pages)
adj
If someone calls you mannered, it's really not a compliment. It means that the way you act seems artificial or exaggerated. Chill out.
Manners are the way we behave in society, how we speak and act with other people. Use mannered to say that someone has exaggerated or unnatural manners. In combination with other words — as in well-mannered or mild-mannered — mannered can take a positive meaning, but when it's used by itself, it's a criticism. Your pretentious classmate is mannered, and an actor's stilted, phony performance is also mannered.
WORD FAMILY
mannered: ill-mannered, manneredly, unmannered
USAGE EXAMPLES
The internet is a lot more mannered today than it was back then.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
Portman tries to portray this most enigmatic figure as frosty, inscrutable and vulnerable, but the performance comes off as calculating and mannered.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Bartirome remembers Lerner being so well mannered that “he was like a priest, almost.”
New York Times(Oct 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 矫揉造作的; 守规矩的
分布：矫揉造作的(82%)，装模作样的(18%)
→来自manner,举止。词义贬义化为做作的，矫揉造作的。
【记】源于：manner（n 风格；风度），过渡有风格－矫揉造作
【参】mannerism（n 言语、写作中的矫揉造作成癖）
【反】natural（adj 自然的）
US [-ɚd] disapproving
adjective
■describes a style of speech or behaviour that is artificial, or intended to achieve a particular effect 矫揉造作的，不自然的，做作的
• His performance as Hamlet was criticized for being very mannered. 他饰演的哈姆雷特被批评为演得过于做作。
adj. 矫饰的；守规矩的；矫揉造作的
 - precious, fallol

Word: irrigate
Front: irrigate
[ˈɪrɪgeɪt] (高研托宝 16313/26536 -1)
Vocabulary: irrigate
(once / 774 pages)
v
To irrigate is to supply with water, usually with ditches and channels that allow the water to flow.
Irrigating is a type of watering that is important in one field in particular: farming. If a farmer has a huge number of crops, you can see how getting water to them could be difficult. The farmer irrigates by digging little channels that allow hard-to-reach spots to receive water. If there is a drought, irrigating will have to happen often to save the crops. People with large gardens might need to irrigate as well. Irrigating waters plants, keeping them alive.
WORD FAMILY
irrigate: irrigated, irrigates, irrigating, irrigation +/ irrigation: irrigations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most of America’s baby greens are grown in irrigated fields in the Salinas Valley, in California.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The project is led by Bart Stevens, a research agronomist in irrigated cropping systems who works for the U.S.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Like the bazaar, about a mile to the south, the patrol base was situated just outside the irrigated cropland, at the edge of the steppe.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 灌溉; 冲洗（伤口）; 使清新
vi. 灌溉; 冲洗
时态：irrigated, irrigating, irrigates
分布：灌溉(98%)，进行灌溉(2%)
→ir-,进入，使，-rig,雨，词源同rain.即使下雨，引申语义灌溉。拼写比较fain,main.
vt.灌溉,修水利vi.进行灌溉The rotary agitator irrigated him.旋转的鼓动者可灌溉的他.
verb transitive
SUPPLY WATER 供水
■to supply land with water so that crops and plants will grow 灌溉
• irrigated land/fields 经灌溉的土地
['ɪr.ɪ.geɪt] verb transitive
WASH 洗 specialized
■to wash an injured part of a person's body, especially a cut, with a flow of liquid 冲洗（尤指伤口）
vt. 灌溉；冲洗；使清新
 - syringe
vi. 灌溉；冲洗
 - douche

Word: hubble
Front: hubble
['hʌbl] (-/27561)
Back: n. 小瘤
分布：名词(100%)
n. 小瘤；小凸起
 - nubbin, nodule

Word: nestle
Front: nestle
[ˈnesl] (宝 8710/11921 -1)
Vocabulary: nestle
(once / 967 pages)
vn
To nestle into something is to get snug, comfy, and warm in it. You might nestle into your mother’s shoulder, or into a pile of blankets on the couch.
People must think that birds live comfortable lives, because they describe really cozy, safe, and comfortable places as nests: places to nestle into. And it’s not just people and birds that nestle. A cottage might be nestled into the crook of a hill, or a mouse nestled into a pile of wood shavings.
WORD FAMILY
nestle: nestled, nestles, nestling +/ nestling: nestlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
This time, it opted instead to refurbish and expand its modernist campus, nestling the congregation’s future in the architecture of its past.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
But Mr. Schneider lacks experience dealing with food and beverages, still Nestlé’s biggest businesses.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
One business that is regarded as a relative success story in this area is the food giant Nestle.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 安居，舒适地居住; 偎依，贴靠; 半隐半现地处于; [古语] 筑巢
vt. 满意地依偎或紧贴; 抱，放; 安置
时态：nestled, nestling, nestles
分布：依偎(100%)
→来自nest,鸟巢。比喻用法。
【记】nest鸟窝，le一在nest里面－舒适的安顿
【参】nestling（n 未离巢的雏鸟；婴儿）
verb intransitive or transitive [+ adv/prep]
■to rest yourself or part of your body in a warm, comfortable and protected position （使）安卧；（使）依偎
• She nestled (her head) against his shoulder. 她（把头）靠在他肩膀上。
■to be in, or put something in, a protected or sheltered position, with bigger things around it （使）位于，（使）坐落于（安全或隐蔽之处）
• Bregenz is a pretty Austrian town that nestles between the Alps and Lake Constance. 布雷根茨是奥地利的一座美丽城镇，坐落于阿尔卑斯山和康斯坦茨湖之间。
vi. 舒适地坐定；偎依；半隐半现地处于
 - cuddle
vt. 抱；安置
 - establish, put, station, bed, plant

Word: misread
Front: misread
[ˌmɪs'ri:d] (15822/18481)
Vocabulary: misread
(once / 8704 pages)
v
To misread something is to read it but understand it in the wrong way. If you misread an article about local politics, you might end up supporting a candidate whose views you don't actually agree with.
When you interpret a book, online article, or magazine story incorrectly, you misread it. You can also misread people, when you don't understand how they feel or what they intend: "She tended to misread cranky customers at the coffee shop, thinking they were joking when they were actually angry about something." The prefix mis- means "bad" or "wrong," and read can mean both "comprehend printed matter" or "make out a person's character."
WORD FAMILY
misread: misreading, misreads+/misreading: misreadings/nonreader: nonreaders/ read: misread, readable, reader, reading, reads, reread, unread/ readable: readability, readably/ reader: nonreader, readers, readership / readership: readerships/ reading: readings/ reread: rereading, rereads/unread: unreadable/unreadable: unreadably
USAGE EXAMPLES
However, when father’s misread their children’s anger, the teens are more likely to become aggressive.
Time(Dec 16, 2016)
Gackley wrote that he regretted the book was “being misread as the very act of hate and bigotry that the work was meant to expose.”
Seattle Times(Dec 05, 2016)
These include: misreading your audience, bad timing, droning on and lying.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: vt. 读错，念错，对…判断错误
时态：misread, misreading, misreads
分布：误解(48%)，看错(28%)，读错(22%)，动词misread的过去式与过去分词.(2%)
[ˌmɪs'ri:d] (misread, misread)
verb transitive
READ WRONGLY 看错
■to make a mistake in the way that you read something 读错；看错；误读
• I was given the wrong tablets when the chemist misread my prescription. 药剂师看错了我的处方，给错了药。
[ˌmɪs'ri:d] (misread, misread)
verb transitive
JUDGE WRONGLY 误判
■to judge a situation wrongly 误解；错误判断
• I thought he fancied me, but I'd completely misread the signals. 我想他喜欢我，但我完全误解了那些暗示。
vt. 误解；看错；读错
 - mistake, misperceive

Word: optional
Front: optional
[ˈɒpʃənl] (高研四六托雅宝 5692/5815 -1)
Vocabulary: optional
(once / 1108 pages)
adj
If you can choose whether or not to do something, it is optional. Extra credit is always optional; death and taxes are not.
When you buy a new car, you can decide which options or choices, you would like. Things like a DVD player mounted in the ceiling are optional, you don't need them for the car to work, and it's up to you if you want to pay more for them. The opposite of optional is mandatory. If you're in high school, going to bed at 8:00 is optional, for your little sister in elementary school, it's mandatory.
WORD FAMILY
optional: optionally+/ opt: optative, opted, opting, option, opts/optative: optatively/ option: optional, options
USAGE EXAMPLES
Secondarily, they reflect a mind-set that perceives oral health as an optional milestone to strive for.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
She said that while it existed in the United States, it is "still optional in the global Catholic Church".
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
A section of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in programs that receive federal funds and compliance “is not optional,” Foxx said.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 可选择的; 随意的，任意的; 非强制的; 选修科目
分布：任选的(100%)
可任意选择的(option+al)[Opt=choose,表示"选择"]
a.可以任选的,随意的,非强制的The optional helicopter is adopted to help the optimistic helpless in the hell.可选用的直升飞机被用来帮助地狱里那些乐观的无助者.
US ['ɑ:p-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■If something is optional, you can choose whether to do it, pay it, buy it, etc 可选择的；非强制的
• English is compulsory for all students, but art and music are optional. 英语是所有学生的必修课，而艺术和音乐则是选修的。
adj. 可选择的，随意的
 - selectable, hit-or-miss
n. 选修科目
 - elective subjects

Word: peacetime
Front: peacetime
[ˈpi:staɪm] (15080/14255 -1)
Vocabulary: peacetime
(once / 4761 pages)
n
If a country isn't involved in any wars for a certain length of time, that period is called peacetime. During peacetime, a government may cut back on their military budget and focus on education for a change.
After the battles of World War II that raged across Europe, the period that followed was considered an era of peacetime for both Western Europe and the United States. The country that's enjoying the longest current stretch of peacetime is Sweden, which hasn't been involved in a war for over two hundred years. Peacetime in Japan during the Edo period started in 1603 and lasted 250 years.
WORD FAMILY
peacetime: peacetimes
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Syria's war slashed production at his factory in a Damascus suburb to less than 0.5 percent of its peacetime level.
Reuters(Dec 23, 2016)
Owning health care in America means owning a lot of thorny, difficult problems even in peacetime, like medical inflation.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
“Russia and China see cyber operations as part of a warfare strategy during peacetime,” it says.
New York Times(Jul 26, 2016)
Back: n. 和平时期; 平时
分布：和平时期(100%)
noun uncountable
■a period of time when a country is not at war 和平时期 Compare wartime
n. 平时；和平时期
 - everyday

Word: prognosis
Front: prognosis
[prɒgˈnəʊsɪs] (宝 11704/12677 -1)
Vocabulary: prognosis
(once / 2521 pages)
n
If you come down with an illness, you might ask your doctor what your prognosis is. A prognosis is a prediction about the course of a disease.
Prognosis comes from the Greek pro- "before" and gnosis "knowledge." It means to know beforehand, but keep in mind that it is only a probable outcome and not a sure thing. Financial analysts frequently change their prognosis of the economy as they hear each piece of good or bad economic news. And if the weather prognosis is sunny and dry, but you see dark clouds forming, you would be wise to pack an umbrella.
WORD FAMILY
prognosis: prognoses, prognostic, prognosticate +/prognostic: prognostically, prognostics/ prognosticate: prognosticated, prognosticates, prognosticating, prognostication, prognosticative, prognosticator/ prognostication: prognostications/prognosticative: nonprognosticative/prognosticator: prognosticators
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I think his prognosis because of them is extremely good.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Bridgewater’s prognosis is uncertain after dislocating his left knee and tearing multiple ligaments, including the ACL, in practice in late August.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But perhaps the finality of the prognosis was in some sense also a blessing.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. [医]预后，判病结局; 预测
分布：预后(88%)，预测(11%)，预断病情(1%)
→来自pro-,向前，提前，-gn,知道，词源同know,cognizant.-osis,状态后缀。引申词义预断，预测。
预测,诊断(pro在前+gnost+is→预先知道→预测)[gnos(t),gnor=know,表示"知道"]
US [prɑ:g'noʊ-] (plural prognoses)
noun countable (also prognostication) formal
■a doctor's judgment of the likely or expected development of a disease or of the chances of getting better 预后，预断（指医生对病情发展的预测）
• The prognosis after the operation was for a full recovery. 手术后的预后结果是完全康复。
■a statement of what is judged likely to happen in the future, especially in connection with a particular situation 预测，展望
• I was reading a gloomy economic prognosis in the paper this morning. 今天早上我在看报纸上某一篇悲观的经济预测文章。
n. [医] 预后；预知
 - foreknowledge, prevision

Word: rodent
Front: rodent
[ˈrəʊdnt] (托 9980/12538 -1)
Vocabulary: rodent
(once / 5191 pages)
n
A rodent is a small furry mammal whose teeth never stop growing. The rodent species includes mice, rats, squirrels, beaver, and many more.
Mice are known for their shyness, and lemmings are tragically famous for their supposed mass suicides when their populations exceed food supplies, but when you call someone a rodent, it's an insult. It's akin to calling them a rat. You're suggesting they eat garbage, live in sewers and stand for all that is dirty and vile.
WORD FAMILY
rodent: rodents
USAGE EXAMPLES
It shows that, in rodents at least, strenuous exercise seems to beneficially change how certain genes work inside the brain.
New York Times(Jun 15, 2016)
There the inmates shouted and wailed through the night, he said, and the place was thick with rodents.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Then the researchers put all the rodents on a diet.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. [动]啮齿目动物
adj. 咬的，嚼的; <动>啮齿目的; [医]侵蚀性的
分布：啮齿动物(95%)，啮齿目的(5%)
→来自拉丁语 Rodentia,啮齿动物目，来自拉丁语 rodere,咬，啃，来自 red,咬，抓，刮，词 源同 rat,raze,eraser.
啮齿动物(rao+ent,咬东西的动物)"[rod,ros=bite,表示"咬"]
【记】rod咬，dent牙－用牙咬的动物－啮齿动物
【参】erode（v 侵蚀）；corrode（v 腐蚀）
US ['roʊ-] noun countable
■any of various small mammals with large sharp front teeth, such as mice and rats 啮齿动物（如老鼠等）
adj. [脊椎] 啮齿类的；咬的，嚼的；侵蚀性的
 - corrosive, erosive
n. [脊椎] 啮齿动物
 - gnawer

Word: quotation
Front: quotation
[kwəʊˈteɪʃn] (四六托 8858/5331 -1)
Vocabulary: quotation
(once / 570 pages)
1n 2n
A quotation is the exact words of someone else. When you like what someone said, put their quotation in your writing.
Quotations are a big part of writing. People use quotations when something is well-said. A quotation from someone famous or smart can help make your own point sound better. When you use a quotation, always remember to put it in quotation marks and give proper credit. Also, don't change any of the words: a quotation should be exactly what the person said or wrote.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
quote / quotation
If you quote someone, do you create a quote or a quotation? To quote is to transcribe what someone said or wrote, crediting that person:
As a result, until yesterday, the Company had been quoted only on the Pink Sheets.
"She was kind of a rainbow," Sheri Potter said Wednesday, quoting Kimmie's father, Cecil.
A quotation is the transcription of what someone said or wrote, crediting that person:
A quotation attributed to Adolf Hitler that made its way into a high school yearbook in Pennsylvania has left students, parents and educators mortified.
Yet we also see quote used to mean quotation, and not just by Johnny-Come-Lately quotation publishers like Quote of the Day, BrainyQuote, and the Quotations Page:
Twain is known for more notable quotes about more topics than you can shake a stick at.
It features the presidential seal in the center and quotes from some of the leaders Obama admires most.
Most dictionaries allow that quote can mean quotation, though some will label such usage as informal. Given the prevalence of this usage in edited news copy, don't worry overmuch about using quote to mean quotation ... unless, of course, you're writing for someone who is very formal.
WORD FAMILY
quotation: quotations+/misquotation: misquotations/ misquote: misquotation, misquoted, misquotes, misquoting/ quotable: quotability, quotably, unquotable/ quote: misquote, quotable, quotation, quoted, quoter, quotes, quoting, underquote/quoter: quoters
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I would like to get the frog off the hate database,” Furie said, in perhaps the most mournful quotation of the year.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Inside were quotations from James’s novels, stories, and essays, one for every day of the year, “selected and arranged” by Evelyn Garnaut Smalley.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
KOMO-TV in Seattle tweeted Spotted Eagle’s name in quotation marks, as if it thought the name was fake.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 引用，引证; [商业]行情，行市; 行市表，估价单; 引用语
分布：报价(72%)，引用(13%)，引语(8%)，语录(4%)，行情(3%)
→来自quote,引用，报价。
US [kwoʊ-] (informal quote)
noun countable
SAID 语录
 ADVANCED
■a phrase or short piece of writing taken from a longer work of literature, poetry, etc. or what someone else has said 引语，引文，语录
• At the beginning of the book there's a quotation from Abraham Lincoln. 本书的起页引用了亚伯拉罕‧林肯的一句话。
UK [kwəʊ'teɪ.ʃən] US [kwoʊ-] (informal quote)
noun countable
PRICE 价格
■the price that a person says they will charge to do a piece of work 报价
• I asked several builders to give me a quote for the work. 我请了几位元建造商为该工程报价。
quotation, extract
这组词都有“引文、引语”的意思，其区别是：
quotation: 常指篇幅较短的引语。
extract: 指选录或摘录，一般较长。
n. [贸易] 报价单；引用语；引证
 - citing, citation

Word: roost
Front: roost
[ru:st] (托 16270/18729 -1)
Vocabulary: roost
(once / 1248 pages)
nv
A roost is a place where birds or bats can sleep or rest safely. Backyard chickens need a comfortable, secure roost to stay warm and rested.
You can use roost to mean the perch that birds stand on while resting, the structure that contains the perch, or even a random tree branch, in the case of a wild bird. As a verb, it means to sit or to rest: "The chickens began to roost for the evening." When someone says, "Chickens come home to roost," they mean that bad actions eventually have bad consequences. And if you "rule the roost," you're in charge.
WORD FAMILY
roost: roosted, rooster, roosting, roosts+/ rooster: roosters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wooden and plastic foot molds, or “lasts,” hang from the ceiling like roosting bats.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Jim Bergens, property manager at the Jasper-Pulaski Fish and Wildlife Area, said the cranes require wetlands for roosting and nesting.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Tastes have changed since Neil Simon ruled the Broadway roost, but he really did write wonderful comedies, and his autobiographical “Broadway Bound” still holds up.
Washington Post(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: n. 栖木，鸡棚; （鸟类）栖息处; 歇息处
vi. 栖息; 过去事情的恶果显现出来; 自食恶果; 得到报应
时态：roosted, roosting, roosts
分布：栖息(47%)，栖木(18%)，栖息处(14%)，鸟窝(14%)，安歇(7%)
→来自古英语 hrost,禽鸟栖息处，来自 Proto-Germanic*hrodst,栖息。
【记】rooster（n 公鸡）在roost
noun countable
■a place, such as a branch of a tree, where birds rest or sleep （鸟的）栖身处，栖木
[ru:st] verb intransitive
■when birds roost, they go somewhere to rest or sleep （鸟的）栖身处，栖木
[ru:st] verb intransitive
come back/ home to roost
■to return to cause problems 回报到自己身上，得到恶报
• All his earlier mistakes are coming home to roost. 他早些时候犯的那些错误都在都报应到他自己身上了。
n. 栖木；鸟窝；群栖的禽鸟
 - perch
vi. 栖息；安歇
 - perch

Word: tray
Front: tray
[treɪ] (研四六托 4469/3885 -2)
Back: n. 盘子; 托盘; 浅盘; 满盘
分布：盘(65%)，托盘(35%)
→来自古英语 treg,木板，木盘，来自 Proto-Germanic*trawja,木制容器，来自 deru,树，词 源同 tree,dendrite.tray 背叛
n.盘,碟,托盘The X-rayed prayer preyed a gray tray.照过X光的祈祷者捕获了一个灰色盘子.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a flat object, usually with raised edges, used for carrying food and drinks 盘；碟；托盘
• She was carrying a tray of drinks. 她端着一托盘饮料。
■mainly UK
■a flat open container with raised edges which you put on your desk for keeping papers in 文件盘
• She put the letter in your in- tray. 她把信放在你的收文盘里。
• I don't know where I put that article - it must be in the bottom of my tray. 我不知道把那篇文章放在哪里了——肯定是在我的档盘底。
⇒ See also ashtray
n. [机] 托盘； [轻] 文件盒；隔底匣；（无线电的）发射箱
 - plateau, salver

Word: schoolgirl
Front: schoolgirl
[ˈsku:lgɜ:l] (15913/10220 -1)
Back: n. 女学生
分布：女学生(58%)，女生(42%)
US [-gɝ:l] noun countable
■a girl who goes to school （中小学）女生
n. 女学生
 - girl student

Word: squirrel
Front: squirrel
[ˈskwɪrəl] (高研四六托宝 6904/10225 -1)
Vocabulary: squirrel
(once / 653 pages)
n
Squirrels are rodents that live in trees and have big, bushy tails. You've probably seen many squirrels in the park eating acorns and seeds.
A well-known characteristic of squirrels is gathering nuts and seeds to store for the winter: you can say they squirrel away that food. You can squirrel things away, too, like squirreling away money in your savings account to use later. If you find a great sale on snow boots in the middle of summer, you might take advantage of the bargain and squirrel those boots away for your trip to northern Canada in January.
WORD FAMILY
squirrel: squirrels
USAGE EXAMPLES
A red squirrel sat in the feeder, chewing with gusto.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
There is also a season for the hunting of gray squirrels that ends on that day.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“Security would call to say someone brought us a squirrel.”
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 松鼠，松鼠科动物; 松鼠毛皮
vt. 储藏; 贮存
分布：松鼠(98%)，松鼠皮毛(1%)，储存(1%)
→来自盎格鲁法语 esquirel,来自古法语 escurueil,来自拉丁语 sciurus,来自希腊语 skiouros,松鼠， 来自 skia,影子，词源同 sciophobia,影子恐惧症，oura,尾巴，屁股，词源同 arse.因松鼠巨大 的尾巴而得名。
n.松鼠vt.贮藏,隐藏She is squirreling the stuff away in one of the closets.她正将东西藏在一个壁橱里.
US ['skwɝ:-] noun countable
■a small animal covered in fur with a long tail with a lot of fur, which climbs trees and feeds on nuts and seeds 松鼠
UK ['skwɪr.əl] US ['skwɝ:-] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] squirrel sth away informal
■to hide or store something, especially money, in order to use it in the future 储藏，储存（尤指钱，供日后使用）
• As soon as I get paid, I squirrel some money away so I won't be tempted to spend it. 我一发薪水，就把一部分存起来，以免忍不住想花。
vt. 贮藏
 - store, reposit

Word: unqualified
Front: unqualified
[ˌʌnˈkwɒlɪfaɪd] (宝 14210/11500 -1)
Vocabulary: unqualified
(once / 2592 pages)
1adj 2adj
If you're unqualified for something, you're not cut out to do it, often because you don't have the skills or knowledge you need. A dog trainer is most likely unqualified to perform brain surgery.
The adjective unqualified is good for describing someone who isn't fit for a task or job. You wouldn't want an unqualified dentist to fill your cavity, and an unqualified babysitter might not even know how to change a diaper or put a bandage on a scraped elbow. Another way people can be unqualified is when they lack some necessary document — you're unqualified to teach in a public school, for example, without a state teaching certificate.
WORD FAMILY
unqualified: unqualifiedly+/ disqualification: disqualifications/disqualify: disqualification, disqualified, disqualifies, disqualifying/ qualification: qualifications/ qualified: qualifiedly, unqualified / qualifier: qualifiers/ qualify: disqualify, qualification, qualified, qualifier, qualifies, qualifying/qualifying: qualifyings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But eventually we eliminated the contenders whom we considered to be unqualified or disagreeable, whittling our choices down until only two major candidates were left.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
His choice of the wildly unqualified Ben Carson to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development is a discouraging early sign.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Carson declared himself unqualified to serve in Trump’s cabinet.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 不合格的; 无资格的; 无限制的; 不胜任的
分布：不合格的(76%)，绝对的(9%)，无限制的(7%)，无资格的(6%)，不适任的(2%)
US [-'kwɑ:.lɪ-] adjective
PERSON 人
■An unqualified person does not have the qualifications needed for a particular job. 不合格的，不称职的
UK [ʌn'kwɒl.ɪ.faɪd] US [-'kwɑ:.lɪ-] adjective
COMPLETE 完全的
■not limited in any way; to the largest degree possible 无限制的；绝对的；最大程度的
• We achieved a lot but I wouldn't say that the project has been an unqualified success. 我们取得了很大成绩，但我还不能说该企划案已经取得了完全成功。
• The proposal has the unqualified support of the entire committee. 提议得到了整个委员会的全力支援。
adj. 不合格的；无资格的；不胜任的
 - rejected, off-specification

Word: ultimatum
Front: ultimatum
[ˌʌltɪˈmeɪtəm] (托雅 14001/15205 -1)
Vocabulary: ultimatum
(once / 2369 pages)
n
An ultimatum is a final demand attached to a threat, like "If you don't do it, I'll never speak to you again." Ultimatums are serious business.
The noun ultimatum has Latin roots meaning "final" and that's still what the word means today. It is the final demand, usually with an implicit or explicit "or else" attached to it. Often, the person on the receiving end of the ultimatum rebels, however, and will say something like, "Don't give me any ultimatums!"
WORD FAMILY
ultimatum: ultimata, ultimatums
USAGE EXAMPLES
But that doesn’t mean you should walk into your boss’s office and deliver an ultimatum.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It was a vicious cycle that led his doctors to issue an ultimatum: Drop everything or you won’t get better.
Seattle Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Civilians in eastern Aleppo had until now rejected several government ultimatums to leave and the latest development is important, says the BBC's Sebastian Usher.
BBC(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 最后通牒，最后条件; 最后结论; 基本意义（原理）
分布：最后通牒(100%)
→来自ultimate, 最终的，引申词义最后通谍。
US [-tˌə'meɪ.tˌəm] (plural ultimatums or ultimata)
noun countable
■a threat in which a person or group of people are warned that if they do not do a particular thing, something unpleasant will happen to them. It is usually the last and most extreme in a series of actions taken to bring about a particular result 最后通牒
• He gave her an ultimatum - she could either stop seeing Peter and come back to him or it was divorce. 他向她下了最后通牒——她要么不再见彼得，回到他身边，要么离婚。
• On Wednesday night the UN issued its toughest ultimatum to date, demanding that all troops withdraw from the city. 星期三晚上，联合国发出了迄今为止最强硬的最后通牒，要求所有部队从该城撤出。
n. 最后通牒；最后结论；基本原理
 - fundamental, basic principle

Word: unspoken
Front: unspoken
[ˌʌnˈspəʊkən] (10743/11613 -1)
Back: adj. 未说出口的; 无人与之交谈的; 没人理睬的; 不言而喻的
v. 取消，撤回( unspeak的过去分词)
分布：不言而喻的(49%)，未说出口的(42%)，动词unspeak的过去分词.(9%)
US [-'spoʊ-] adjective
■not spoken, although thought of or felt （想到或感到而）未说出的，未表达的
• unspoken doubts/fears 未说出口的疑问／恐惧
• There's an unspoken assumption in the department that Sue will take over the post when Ian leaves. 部门里大家都心照不宣地认为在伊恩离开后，休会接替那个位置。
adj. 无言的；未说出口的；不言而喻的
 - tacit, wordless

Word: unworkable
Front: unworkable
[ʌnˈwɜ:kəbl] (21988/19147 -1)
Back: adj. 不可行的; 行不通的; 不切实际的
分布：不能实行的(50%)，难运转的(50%)
US [-'wɝ:-] adjective
■describes a plan that is not practical or that you cannot really do successfully （计划）不可行的，难以实施的
• To be honest, I think the scheme is completely unworkable. 老实说，我认为这个计划完全行不通。
adj. 不能实行的；难运转的；不切实际的
 - ideal, unreasonable, dream

Word: vegetarian
Front: vegetarian
[ˌvedʒəˈteəriən] (研托雅 9054/10146 -2)
Vocabulary: vegetarian
(once / 3596 pages)
n
A vegetarian is someone who doesn't eat any meat, including fish. Vegetarians eat a lot of salads.
This is a word that has to do with diet — what people eat. A vegetarian avoids meat, usually because it's healthier or they believe it's wrong to kill animals for food. Vegetarians will eat some animal products, like eggs and dairy, but vegans won't. Being vegan is harder than being a vegetarian, but both diets are becoming more common. Many animals are vegetarians, including our close relative, the gorilla.
WORD FAMILY
vegetarian: vegetarianism, vegetarians+/vegetarianism: vegetarianisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Which led Ken Charney to ask me if the Columbia Heights eatery, awarded 3½ stars in my fall dining guide, is suitable for a vegetarian.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
The new Bank of England £5 note is not suitable for vegetarians...
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
That would be like trying to sell meat to a vegetarian and then complaining that it doesn't sell well.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 素食者; 食草动物
adj. 素食者的; 素菜的
分布：素食者(69%)，素食的(31%)
→来自vegetable,蔬菜，即吃蔬菜的人。
素食的(人)(vegetable蔬菜)[-arian表形容词或名词"…的(人)"]
n.素食主义者
US [-'ter.i-] noun countable (UK informal veggie)
 ADVANCED
■a person who does not eat meat for health or religious reasons or because they want to avoid being cruel to animals 素食者，素食主义者
• Of the four million people who have become vegetarians in Britain, nearly two-thirds are women. 在英国已有的400万素食主义者中，将近三分之二是女性。
Compare vegan
UK [ˌvedʒ.ɪ'teə.ri.ən] US [-'ter.i-] adjective (informal veggie)
 ADVANCED
■not eating or including meat 素食的；素的；不包括肉的
• vegetarian cooking/food 素食烹饪／食品
• a vegetarian dish/meal 素菜／素餐
• a vegetarian restaurant 素食餐馆
• She's recently gone/become vegetarian. 她最近成了素食主义者。
n. 素食者；食草动物
 - veggie, herbivore
adj. 素食的
 - meatless, maigre

Word: abortive
Front: abortive
[əˈbɔ:tɪv] (托宝 22876/11818 -1)
Vocabulary: abortive
(once / 2847 pages)
adj
Did you ever start something and not finish it? If so, that was an abortive project. Abortive things don't get finished.
Abortive is a variation of abort, which means to end something, so something abortive never reaches its end point. If you tried like crazy to run a marathon but couldn't finish, your efforts were abortive. If someone tripped you during the marathon, their efforts were abortive too. Abortive things always lead to the words "The end." Abortive can also be a way of avoiding the word unsuccessful.
WORD FAMILY
abortive: abortively+/ abort: aborted, aborting, abortion, abortive, aborts/ abortion: abortionist, abortions/abortionist: abortionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kiir claimed the violence stemmed from an abortive coup by Machar, but an investigation by an African Union commission found no evidence of that.
Salon(Oct 23, 2016)
Herman Cain, 2012’s flat-tax flash in the pan, launched an abortive “Cain TV” streaming service just months after he dropped out.
Salon(Oct 20, 2016)
Turkey hired attorneys to build a case against Gulen even before the abortive coup.
Los Angeles Times(Oct 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 失败的; 流产的; 发育不全的; 未遂
分布：失败的(53%)，流产的(37%)，发育不全的(10%)
【记】abort[SAT词汇]（vi 异常中断；中途失败；夭折；流产），ab远离，or＝ori产生，tive形容词后缀―远离产生－无结果的；玩计算机的同学，还记得这两行吗？Not ready reading drive A:Abort, Retry, Fail?
US [-'bɔ:r.tˌɪv] formal
adjective
■describes an attempt or plan that you have to give up because it has failed 失败的，夭折的；无结果的
• He made two abortive attempts on the French throne. 他两次试图登上法国王位，结果都失败了。
adj. 失败的； [妇产] 流产的；堕胎的
 - losing, failing

Word: acquittal
Front: acquittal
[əˈkwɪtl] (宝 15274/23156)
Vocabulary: acquittal
(once / 3447 pages)
n
Acquittal is a legal word that defendants love to hear because it means "not guilty."
In the 15th Century, an acquittal referred to the payment of a debt, but now it means being freed of charges against you in court. In fact, now the word is really used only in a legal sense. It's from the Latin ad "to" plus quitare meaning "set free." Getting an acquittal is still like being set free. Free to do what you want, any old time! So now the only time you'll need the word is in court, and it's one word you hope to hear if you've been busted.
WORD FAMILY
acquittal: acquittals+/ acquit: acquits, acquittal, acquitted, acquitting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Barring a plea deal or an acquittal, he was on a path to prison.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
With the specter of an acquittal rising, it was expected that Ms. Lagarde would quickly move past the issues.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
After Zimmerman’s acquittal, Obama detailed the indignities and injustices black men face in America, explaining that such experiences informed how African Americans viewed that verdict.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 宣告无罪; （义务、职责等的）履行; 尽职; <古>（债务等的）清偿
分布：开释(60%)，宣告无罪(40%)
释放;还清(债)(acquit+t+al)[Quit=free,表示"自由"]
【记】ac一再，quit免除，离开，停止－得到免除－宣告无罪
【参】requite（vt 报答, 酬谢）；ubiquitous（adj 无处不在的）conviction（n 宣告有罪）；acquit（vt 宣告无罪）
US [-'kwɪtˌ-] noun countable or uncountable
■the decision of a court that someone is not guilty 宣判无罪
• The first trial ended in a hung jury, the second in acquittal. 第一次审判因为陪审团意见不一致而未能作出裁定，第二次审判以宣判无罪告终。
• Of the three cases that went to trial, two ended in acquittals. 付诸庭审的三个案件中，有两个最终作出无罪判决。
n. 赦免；无罪开释；履行；尽职；（债务等的）清偿
 - implementation, tender, fulfillment

Word: alienation
Front: alienation
[ˌeɪlɪə'neɪʃn] (9619/10106)
Vocabulary: alienation
(once / 3607 pages)
1n 2n
An easy way to experience alienation from your nice-smelling friends is to go a month without bathing. Alienation is a state of being cut off or separate from a person or group of people.
The noun alienation describes the feeling that you're not part of a group. Your political views might cause you to feel a sense of alienation from the rest of your family, or your vegetarianism could result in alienation from your meat-eating friends. The Latin word for alien is alienus, "belonging to another." That idea of not belonging, or not fitting in, gave rise to the Latin verb alienare, "to estrange," which alienation comes from.
WORD FAMILY
alienation: alienations+/alienable: inalienable, unalienable / alienate: alienable, alienates, alienating, alienation, alienator/alienator: alienators/ inalienable: inalienably/ unalienable: unalienably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her goal, she said, is to “bring people together” — including some of those whose sense of alienation is what attracted them to Trump.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In The Implosion of Meaning in the Media, the philosopher Jean Baudrillard describes this kind of voter alienation as a tactic.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
This process of polarisation and mutual alienation culminated last Friday with Obama’s active connivance in the passing of a landmark UN security council resolution.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 离间; 疏远; （觉得周围环境与自己格格不入的）疏离感; 离心离德
分布：疏远(77%)，离间(12%)，让渡(11%)
noun uncountable
SEPARATION 分开
■the feeling that you have no connection with the people around you 疏离感；疏远
• Depressed people frequently feel a sense of alienation from those around them. 情绪抑郁的人经常感到与身边的人格格不入。
[ˌeɪ.li.ə'neɪ.ʃən] noun uncountable
LOSS OF SUPPORT 失去支持
■when you cause someone to stop supporting and agreeing with you 失去支持，疏远
• This short-sighted alienation of their own supporters may lose them the election. 这种疏远自己支持者的短视做法或许会使他们输掉选举。
n. 异化；疏远；转让； [内科] 精神错乱；间离效果（alienation effect）
 - distance, negotiation

Word: barter
Front: barter
[ˈbɑ:tə(r)] (托雅宝 15482/18698 -1)
Vocabulary: barter
(once / 1251 pages)
vn
If you make a deal with your brother to change the oil in his car in exchange for one of his video games, what you’ve just done is barter — or trade goods and services.
Before money was invented, people traded goods and services in order to acquire the things they needed. An individual might trade, for example, a cow in exchange for help building a shed, or a dozen eggs in exchange for several yards of cloth. To this day people continue to barter for goods and services although this method of commerce is no longer widespread. The verb barter has survived into modern times to refer to making a transaction that involves the exchange of goods or services rather than money.
WORD FAMILY
barter: bartered, barterer, bartering, barters+/ barterer: barterers
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was in Barter Books that the Keep Calm and Carry On legend was born.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Huancar is a dusty village of 400 people where clothes and food are bartered for as often as purchased.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Many Indian villages are returning to bartering amid a nationwide cash crisis.
BBC(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 作物物交换，以货换货; 拿…进行易货贸易
n. 换货，实物交易; 交易品，互换品; [数]换算法; 易货贸易
vi. 进行易货贸易; [贸易]作物物交换; 讨价还价
时态：bartered, bartering, barters
分布：物物交换(64%)，以货易货(22%)，实物交易(14%)
→词源不详。
【记】读：巴特尔（中国国家篮球队队员）。他来买你的东西可得小心。身高210cm，体重130公斤的力量型中锋，他要是使假币，你敢跟他牛吗？！所以，不要钱，可以要点儿他的背心儿、裤衩儿，鞋呀，袜子呀什么的。我知道你穿不了，但是有升值潜力－以物换物。
US ['bɑ:r.tˌɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to exchange goods for other things rather than for money 以物易物；易货贸易
• He bartered his stamp collection for her comics. 他用他收集的邮票，换取她的漫画。
• We spent a whole hour bartering with stallholders for souvenirs. 我们花了整整一个小时与摊贩交换纪念品。
UK ['bɑ:.tər] US ['bɑ:r.tˌɚ] noun uncountable
■the practice or system of bartering goods 易货贸易，以物易物
• The currency has lost so much of its value that barter has become the preferred way of doing business. 货币眨值如此严重，这样以物易物成了做生意的首选。
vi. 进行易货贸易； [贸易] 作物物交换；讨价还价
 - price bargain, bargain with
n. 易货贸易； [贸易] 物物交换；实物交易
 - countertrade

Word: clement
Front: clement
[ˈklemənt] (宝 -/10345)
Vocabulary: clement
(once / 519 pages)
adj
Clement weather is lovely and mild. You might describe a beautiful, warm summer evening as clement.
Clement can describe a pleasant climate — "The thing about Hawaii is it's such a clement place, always." — or even a merciful, gentle person. It's much more common to hear the antonym of clement, inclement, describing terrible weather. Clement first appeared in the 13th century as a surname, or last name, from the Latin clementem, "mild or placid," and was used to describe nice weather by the 17th century.
WORD FAMILY
clement: clemency, clementer, clemently, inclement +/ clemency: clemencies/inclemency: inclemencies/ inclement: inclemency, inclementer, inclemently, inclementness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Swansea City are set to appoint Paul Clement as their new manager.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
It would be hard to argue with Clement if he decided that was the case, because Swansea appear doomed.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
A beloved Midwestern burger chain landed in downtown Seattle with a resounding thud, according to a controversial review by food writer Bethany Jean Clement.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. （尤指气候）温和的; 宽大的，仁慈的
分布：温和的(50%)，仁慈的(50%)
→来自klei,倾斜，引申词义倾向，仁慈，词源同client,incline.
['klem.ənt] formal
adjective
■describes weather which is pleasant or not severe （指天气）温和的，宜人的
• It's very clement for the time of year. 一年的这个时候天气非常宜人。
adj. 温和的；仁慈的
 - pacific, gentle, moderate, soft, mild

Word: classification
Front: classification
[ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] (研四六托 5891/3753 -1)
Vocabulary: classification
(once / 974 pages)
1n 2n
Classification is the process of putting something into a category. Classification of all your clothes by color may make it easier for you to put together an outfit, especially if you favor a monochrome look.
Classification involves putting things into a class or group according to particular characteristics so it’s easier to make sense of them, whether you’re organizing your shoes, your stock portfolio, or a group of invertebrates. If you’re an international spy, you might know that classification also can mean a government’s system for keeping secrets. If you have a high level of security classification, then you know really top secret stuff.
WORD FAMILY
classification: classifications, reclassification+/ class: classed, classes, classify, classing, classless, classy, subclass, superclass, underclass/classifiable: classifiably, unclassifiable/classified: classifieds, unclassified/classifier: classifiers/ classify: classifiable, classification, classificatory, classified, classifier, classifies, classifying, declassify, reclassify / classy: classier, classiest, classily/declassify: declassification, declassified, declassifying/reclassification: reclassifications/ reclassify: reclassified, reclassifying/subclass: subclasses/underclass: underclasses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hoang, a mother of three who worked at the salon for nearly a decade, organized 30 workers to sign a petition opposing the new classification.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In legal parlance, race is a “suspect classification” subject to “strict scrutiny.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Instead, it just named a player of the year for the entire state and for each classification.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 分类; 分级; 类别; （动植物等的）分类学
分布：分类(94%)，类别(6%)
分类(classify分类,class类别+ify)[-ion 1.表名词"动作或状态“2.表示"某种物,用品"]
n.分类,分级From the classical class, the classmate with glasses knows the classification of classics.戴眼镜的同学从古典文学课上知道了古典名著的分类.
noun
uncountable
■the act or process of dividing things into groups according to their type 将…分类，将…归类；把…分级
• Do you understand the system of classification used in ornithology? 你懂鸟类学的分类体系吗？
countable
■a group that something is divided into 类别，等级，门类
category, sort, species, classification, class, type, variety, kind
这组词都有“种，类，类型”的意思，其区别是：
category: 书面用词，特指有确切定义的群体。
sort: 普通用词，文体较kind随便，指对人或对事物进行的大概分类，有时含贬义。
species: 书面用词，单复数同形。指生物分类上的种。
classification: 指根据已经确定的类型对某一实物作鉴别和归类。
class: 正式用词，指门类、种类或优劣等级；用于指动植物的分类时，表示“纲”。
type: 指客观界限比较清楚，有相同本质特点的同类事物，或指大致相似的同类事物。
variety: 强调有各自的特点，形式不同，品质不同的种类。
kind: 指性质相同，而且特征很相似，足以归为一类的人或东西。
n. [生物] [图情] 分类；类别，等级
 - category, degree, grade, rate, rank

Word: clot
Front: clot
[klɒt] (托宝 13223/19991 -1)
Vocabulary: clot
(once / 2546 pages)
nv
A clot is a mass of coagulated blood. It's your body's way of repairing itself, stopping blood from flowing and beginning to heal a wound.
You can use the noun clot for any liquid that forms a solid lump or mass, though it's usually a medical term specifically related to blood. Some clots are useful, like the ones that form on skin that's been cut, while others — like those that occur inside blood vessels — can be harmful. Clot can also be a verb, meaning to clog or coagulate. The root is the German word Klotz, which means "lump or block."
WORD FAMILY
clot: clots, clotted, clotting
USAGE EXAMPLES
At various points of time, doctors diagnosed Stephanie with an enlarged heart, a blood clot and severe liver and kidney damage.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Garry Shandling died from a blood clot in his heart, officials said Tuesday, more than seven months after the comedian's unexpected death.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
She thought it was allergies, but doctors later found blood clots in her legs and lungs.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 凝结; 拥塞
n. 凝块; （人，动物等的）聚集
时态：clotted, clotting, clots
分布：凝块(57%)，凝结(28%)，阻塞(12%)，一群(3%)
→词源同clod,clump,cloud.指各种大块状的东西。
【记】c读：咳，lot一大块，咳嗽出一大块血－凝块
【参】cloy（v 甜得发腻）；colt（n 小马）；slot（n 狭缝；投币口）
US [klɑ:t] noun countable
PIECE 块
■an almost solid piece of something 凝块
• He had a blood clot removed from his brain. 他颅内的一个血块被取了出来。
UK [klɒt] US [klɑ:t] noun countable
PERSON 人 UK old-fashioned informal
■a stupid person 笨蛋，傻瓜
• Look what you've done, you clot! 看看你做了甚么，笨蛋！
UK [klɒt] US [klɑ:t] verb intransitive (-tt-)
■to form clots 凝结成块
• He was rushed into hospital because his blood wasn't clotting properly. 他被匆忙送进医院，因为他的血液不能正常凝结。
• an anti-(blood) clotting agent 抗凝血剂
vi. 凝结
 - concrete, to freeze
n. [生理] 凝块
 - gob, grume
vt. 使凝结成块
 - clump

Word: discernible
Front: discernible
[dɪ'sɜ:nəbəl] (托宝 13124/11347 -1)
Vocabulary: discernible
(once / 2295 pages)
adj
Discernible means noticeable. If your extra hours training are having no discernible influence on your basketball game, it means your game has not changed.
You can use discernible in two senses. First, you can use it to describe something you physically see: Because the sky was so clear, the ship was discernible from miles off. You can also use it to describe something you sense or understand: When your younger brother told he was sorry he broke your baseball bat, the truth was discernible in his voice.
WORD FAMILY
discernible: discernibly, indiscernible +/ discern: discernable, discerned, discernible, discerning, discernment, discerns/ discernable: discernability, discernably/ discerning: discerningly, undiscerning/ discernment: discernments/ indiscernible: indiscernibly/undiscerning: undiscerningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unlike shows in previous years, this one lacks any discernible theme, and some of the largest tech companies are expecting a diminished role.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“Leaving the regulatory structure of the Nseers program in place provides no discernible public benefit,” the report said.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Other events for which a climate change role was discernible included some types of events never before featured in the report.
Salon(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 可识别的; 可辨别的
分布：可辨别的(100%)
【参】concern（vt 涉及；n 利害关系；关心）；discern（v 目睹；辨别；看清楚）＝distinguish
US [-'sɝ:-] adjective formal
■able to be seen or understood 看出
• The influence of Rodin is discernible in the younger artist. 从这位稍微年轻一些的艺术家身上可以看到罗丹的影响。
• There is no discernible reason why this should be the case. 没有理由可以解释为甚么会这样。

Word: dismember
Front: dismember
[dɪsˈmembə(r)] (托 20543/19532 -1)
Vocabulary: dismember
(once / 3296 pages)
v
The verb dismember means to sever the limbs from a body. If you watch a horror movie, one of the necessary plot elements is for the villain to dismember a body or two... or twelve.
Dismember is from the Latin word dismembrare, which itself is from the Latin roots de, meaning "take away," and membrum, meaning "limb." The verb dismember also means to cut up into pieces or take apart. If you are doing genealogical research on your family tree you may have difficulty if your ancestors are from a region that was dismembered. You may know your family was from the Soviet Union, for example, but since that country was dismembered, you now may need to check records in Uzbekistan or Azerbaijan to find the branches of your family tree.
WORD FAMILY
dismember: dismembered, dismembering, dismemberment, dismembers+/dismemberment: dismemberments/ member: dismember, memberless, members, membership, nonmember/ membership: memberships/nonmember: nonmembers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Parts of her dismembered body were found in February at different locations in Richland County.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The sheriff’s office says both victims were stabbed and dismembered, with remains found in multiple rooms in the house.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Her body was dismembered, and her skull was found inside a giant Hello Kitty doll.
Seattle Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 肢解; 割断手足; 分割
时态：dismembered, dismembering, dismembers
分布：肢解(64%)，分割(20%)，割断手足(16%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。member, 肢体，成员。
【记】member（n 成员；四肢）
US [-bɚ] verb transitive
■to cut, tear or pull the arms and legs off a human body 肢解，分割…的肢体
• The police found the dismembered body of a young man in the murderer's freezer. 警方在凶手的冰箱里发现了一具被肢解的年轻男性的尸体。
■literary
■to divide a country or an empire into different parts 分裂，分割，瓜分
• The UN protested at the dismembering of Bosnia. 联合国对瓜分波斯尼亚的行径提出了抗议。
vt. 肢解，割断手足；分割，瓜分
 - segment, chainsaw

Word: documentation
Front: documentation
[ˌdɒkjumenˈteɪʃn] (托 6799/5153 -1)
Vocabulary: documentation
(once / 6904 pages)
n
Your driver's license is documentation of your age, address, and that you have passed the tests required to drive a car. Documentation is certifiable proof, or a set of official documents.
Your new computer probably came with a packet of documentation that shows you how to use it and explains what to do when it breaks. In this sense, documentation means the official documents of your computer. If you are the person preparing a packet of information about how to use a computer program to keep attendance at school, you are preparing the documentation of that process.
WORD FAMILY
documentation: documentations+/ document: documental, documentary, documentation, documented, documenting, documents/documental: documentally/ documentary: documentaries, documentarily/ documented: undocumented
USAGE EXAMPLES
The pension fund said there were payment delays but they were related to incomplete documentation rather than 1MDB.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
He regrets the choice, because it denied Siatta the medical documentation necessary for a Purple Heart.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Youk Chhang, executive director of Documentation Center of Cambodia, which compiles research related to the regime, was even less forgiving.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 证明某事属实的证据; 记录; 参考资料; 文献的编集，文件分类
分布：文件(91%)，证明文件(7%)，史实(2%)
US [ˌdɑ:.kjʊ-] noun uncountable
■pieces of paper containing official information 文件证据，证明文件
• Passengers without proper documentation (= official papers saying who they are) will not be allowed to travel. 没有相关证件的乘客将不允许旅行。
■the instructions for using a computer device or program （电脑设备或程式的）说明书

Word: gouge
Front: gouge
[gaʊdʒ] (宝 13329/20145 -1)
Vocabulary: gouge
(once / 4355 pages)
nv
To gouge can mean to make a hole or dent in something, or to swindle or steal by overcharging. If your local gas station raises prices because a storm is coming, you may say that the station owner is gouging you — and that's illegal.
The verb gouge means to cut or carve. You can use special chisels to gouge linoleum for interesting design in printing. As a noun, a gouge is the tool you would use — instead of a flat-head chisel, a gouge has a trough — to make the gouge marks of the design. Another meaning of the verb gouge is an indentation in the surface of something. If you're not careful with the screwdriver, you'll accidentally gouge a hole in the wall.
WORD FAMILY
gouge: gouged, gouger, gouges, gouging+/gouger: gougers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Police say Appiah later scratched the officer’s face and gouged his left eye during a struggle that was recorded on video.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The whitewashed walls of his house are pockmarked with blast marks and jagged holes gouged by flying shrapnel.
BBC(Dec 08, 2016)
Express Scripts shares tumbled 6.7 percent after short-seller Citron Research called the pharmacy benefit manager the “real culprit” in drug price gouging.
Time(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: vt. 挖凿; 用拇指插入…的眼睛; 欺诈，诈取
n. 半圆凿; 凿孔; 欺诈，骗子
时态：gouged, gouging, gouges
分布：挖出(52%)，圆凿(24%)，凿孔(8%)，凿(8%)，用圆凿子挖(8%)
→来自拉丁语gulbia, 凿。可能进一步来自skel, 砍，切，词源同scale, coup. 字母l软化u.
【区】gauge（n 标准规格v 测量）；gorge（n 峡谷v 贪婪地吃）
verb transitive
■to make a hole in something in a rough or violent way 凿
• He drove into some railings and gouged a hole in the back of his car. 他开车撞到栏杆上，把车的后部撞了个大洞。
[gaʊdʒ] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] gouge sth out
■to remove something by digging or cutting it out of a surface 抠出，挖出
• In Shakespeare's play, 'King Lear', the Earl of Gloucester's eyes are gouged out. 莎士比亚的《李尔王》一剧中，格洛斯特伯爵的眼睛被挖了出来。
[gaʊdʒ] noun countable
■a hole that has been made roughly or violently （凿出的）洞，孔
vt. 用半圆凿子挖；欺骗
 - sell, fox
n. 沟； [木] 圆凿；以圆凿刨
 - sulcus, reen

Word: felix
Front: felix
[´fi:liks] (-/10683)
Back: n. 费利克斯(m.)

Word: gown
Front: gown
[gaʊn] (高研四六雅 5262/5811 -2)
Vocabulary: gown
(once / 274 pages)
1nv 2n
A gown is a formal dress. When your date to a party or dance is wearing a tuxedo, you'll probably want to wear a gown.
There are many different kinds of gowns, including ball gowns, wedding gowns, and evening gowns. All of them are worn primarily by women on formal occasions. It was once common to call any one-piece woman's garment a gown, while now it's more often called a dress. The source of gown is the Old French goune, "robe, coat, or down," with the Latin root gunna, "hide or skin."
WORD FAMILY
gown: gowned, gowning, gowns
USAGE EXAMPLES
I shiver in my paper gown, sitting near a table with glossy magazines.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Floral patterns abound, on stunning floor-length gowns and crisp suit jackets.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The lush green gown she wore in the Pablo Casals concert scene was certainly beautiful.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 长袍，长外衣; 女长服; 罩袍; 大学的学生和教师
vt. &vi. 穿长袍
时态：gowned, gowning, gowns
分布：长袍(82%)，长外衣(18%)
→来自拉丁语gunna, 皮衣，衣服。
n.长袍,特殊场合穿的长服The doctor in the hospital wore a gown.医院里的医生穿一件大褂.
noun countable
■a woman's dress, especially a long one worn on formal occasions, or a long loose piece of clothing worn over other clothes for a particular purpose （尤指正式场合穿的）女式礼服；（特定场合穿的）长袍，罩衣，长外衣
• a ball gown 舞会礼服
• a hospital gown 病号袍
uniform, clothing, clothes, dress, garment, suit, costume, gown, robe, coat
这组词都有“衣服、服装”的意思，其区别是：
uniform: 指某团体或组织统一做的制服，如军服、校服等。
clothing: 常用词，集合名词，是衣服的总称。
clothes: 普通用词，多指包括上衣、内衣或裤子等具体的一件件衣服。
dress: 多指正式场合或为某些特定用途而穿的服装，也指童装或女性穿的连衣裙。
garment: 语气庄重，正式用词，复数形式可与clothes换用，指身上全部穿着。单数形式指单件衣服，尤指长袍、外套等外面的衣服。
suit: 指一套服装，一般有几件配成一套的套装。
costume: 指流行某一地区或某一时代的服装，也指演员的戏装。
gown: 指女人穿的长服，尤指教士、法官、教授等的礼服或妇女的睡衣等，也指长袍。
robe: 指长袍，也指浴衣、晨衣。
coat: 指上衣、外衣、大衣、外套及女式上装。
n. 长袍，长外衣；礼服；睡袍；法衣
 - cope, robe

Word: dour
Front: dour
[ˈdaʊə(r)] (宝 17628/14738 -1)
Vocabulary: dour
(once / 4562 pages)
adj
Dour describes something sullen, gloomy, or persistent. You might look dour on your way to picking up your last check from the job you just got fired from, and people should get out of your way.
Dour and endure most likely come from the Latin word durus which means "hard." If something is hard to endure for a long enough time, it can make even the most happy-go-lucky person dour. Dour sounds like sour (or closer to "do-er"). It's a tomato/tamahto word, but either way — if you're in a sour mood, you have no sense of humor, and you're dour.
WORD FAMILY
dour: dourer, dourest, dourly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Six hours of tickle therapy fails to produce a single smile from José Mourinho, dour soccer coach of Manchester United.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
We also love the dour little boy staring out from his murky portrait, undercutting all that Scottish cheer.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 17, 2016)
Not everyone felt entirely dour about the election results.
New York Times(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 严厉的; 阴沉的; （岩石）嶙峋的; 顽强不屈
级别：dourer, dourest
分布：严厉的(50%)，不爱讲话的(35%)，沉沉的(15%)
→来自拉丁语durus, 硬的，词源同endure, tree. 引申词义冷酷的。
性情冷酷的(dour=dur心硬不为所动)[dur=last,hard,表示"持久,坚硬"]
【记】do＋our＝打我们，暴徒打我们的时候绝对不会特别亲切，一定是脸色阴沉的表情
【反】congenial（adj 适意的）；genial（adj 亲切的）；jocund（adj 欢乐的；高兴的）
US [dʊr] adjective
■(usually of a person's appearance or manner) unfriendly, unhappy and very serious （通常指人的外表或行为）冷峻的，阴沈的，不苟言笑的
• The normally dour Mr James was photographed smiling and joking with friends. 平时不苟言笑的詹姆斯先生照片上却与朋友们谈笑风生。
adj. 严厉的；顽强的；阴沉的；不爱讲话的
 - severe, tight, hard, heavy, harsh

Word: frenetic
Front: frenetic
[frəˈnetɪk] (托宝 16374/18691 -1)
Vocabulary: frenetic
(once / 10341 pages)
adj
The adjective frenetic is another way to say frenzied, frantic, or totally worked up. Kind of how you'd run around the kitchen madly trying to cook a last-minute dinner for 30 of your closest friends.
Sometimes tinged with fear and often quite maniacal, frenetic comes from the Latin phreneticus, meaning “delirious.” The Latin word, in turn, came from a similarly spelled Greek word which, when translated literally, means “inflammation of the brain.” So it's no surprise that a frenetic person looks absolutely crazed and super anxious.
WORD FAMILY
frenetic: frenetically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The relentless athleticism and frenetic pace delighted the home crowd and dizzied the visiting team.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
But during the frenetic whirl of exhibition preparations, Owens was nowhere on site.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
It's lunch time and the kitchen is a hive of frenetic activity.
BBC(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 发狂的; 狂乱的; 狂热的; 非常激动的
n. 疯子; 狂人
分布：狂热的(70%)，发狂的(24%)，发狂者(6%)
→来自希腊语phren, 脑，思维，词源同frenzy, phrenology. 即大脑思维出问题的，发狂的。
【记】fren＝phren记忆，心灵；参：frantic（adj 狂乱的；疯狂的）
【参】phrenetic（adj 精神错乱的；狂热的）是frenetic的变体
US [-'netˌ-] adjective
■involving a lot of movement or activity; extremely active, excited or uncontrolled 发狂的，狂乱的
• After weeks of frenetic activity , the job was finally finished. 经过几个星期的疯狂忙活，工作终于完成了。
• There was frenetic trading on the Stock Exchange yesterday. 昨天股票交易所交易非常热络。
adj. 狂热的；发狂的
 - crazy, wild, enthusiastic
n. 疯子；狂人
 - madman, nutcase

Word: illusory
Front: illusory
[ɪˈlu:səri] (宝 16148/13935)
Vocabulary: illusory
(once / 5000 pages)
adj
If something is based on something that is not real, you can say it is illusory. Tales of seeing Elvis and Big Foot eating together at McDonalds are probably based on an illusory experience.
Although the adjective illusory can describe anything that's based on an illusion, it often has the negative connotation of being deliberately deceptive. Like a bogus investment scheme that seems to make money for investors: any real profits are totally illusory. Or the illusory claims that fad diets work — they only work while you're on the diet, and no one can survive on cabbage soup forever.
WORD FAMILY
illusory: illusorily+/ disillusion: disillusioned, disillusioning, disillusionment, disillusions/disillusioning: disillusioningly/ disillusionment: disillusionments/ illusion: disillusion, illusional, illusionary, illusionist, illusions, illusory / illusionist: illusionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
After all, the young man’s great expectations were always illusory.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
These are false and forced frameworks, providing illusory freedom, as time provides illusory leniency when we, in anguish, let it pass monotonously.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
A quick survey will show that the paradox is illusory: Holmes is depressed when there is no target for his mental faculties.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2012)
Back: adj. <正>貌似真实的，虚幻的; 虚无缥缈
分布：虚幻的(78%)，幻觉的(22%)
→来自illusion,虚幻。
虚幻的(来自illusion)[il-,ir-①放在同辅音词根前表示"不,无"②表示"使…成为,进入"]
虚幻的(来自illusion幻觉)[-ory 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词,指场所等]
US [-sɚ-] (also illusive) formal
adjective
■not real; based on illusion 虚假的；幻觉的；不实际的
• Their hopes of a peaceful solution turned out to be illusory. 他们希望和平解决的想法最终证实是不实际的。
adj. 错觉的；幻影的；虚假的；产生幻觉的
 - phantasmal, mendacious

Word: journalistic
Front: journalistic
[ˌdʒɜ:nəˈlɪstɪk] (托 9983/14929)
Vocabulary: journalistic
(once / 2915 pages)
adj
Journalistic things have to do with writing or reporting about the news. Most journalistic stories are found in newspapers or magazines, or on news-related websites.
Years ago, a journalistic job would probably be writing for a daily newspaper, or possibly reading the news over the radio. Today a journalistic career could include writing articles for various online news sites or taking photographs of current events for a magazine, or even recording an interview for a podcast. Most journalistic work is done by journalists, meaning "writers or broadcasters of the news."
WORD FAMILY
journalistic: journalistically+/ journalism: journalisms, journalist, journalistic / journalist: journalists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Others see a larger effort to slander the basic journalistic function of fact-checking.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The article was light in its journalistic qualities and the "quirky" use of the comedians for the photos seemed gratuitous.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
Then employers wanted to pay me to do film breakdowns rather than more journalistic pieces, so I followed the money.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 新闻工作者的; 新闻业的
分布：新闻业的(100%)
ADJ
新闻业的；新闻工作（者）的；新闻记者创作的
Journalistic means relating to journalism, or produced by or typical of a journalist.
例：He began his journalistic career in the early eighties in Australia.他在80年代早期开始在澳大利亚从事新闻工作。
例：...journalistic descriptions of countries she visited.对她到访过的国家的新闻记述

Word: ordinance
Front: ordinance
[ˈɔ:dɪnəns] (托宝 7919/19567 -1)
Vocabulary: ordinance
(once / 642 pages)
1n 2n
An ordinance is a local law. Many cities have recently passed ordinances making it illegal to smoke indoors or mandatory for pet owners to curb their dogs.
Ordinance can also mean the act of making someone a priest. In both senses, it means a direction or command coming down from a higher authority or an official conference. If you break an ordinance, you'll likely be fined rather than jailed. Remember that an ordinance is a rule meant to keep things in order.
WORD FAMILY
ordinance: ordinances+/foreordain: foreordained, foreordaining, foreordains, foreordination/ ordain: foreordain, ordained, ordainer, ordaining, ordains, ordinance, ordination, preordain / ordained: ordainedly/ordainer: ordainers/ ordination: ordinations/ preordain: preordained, preordaining, preordains, preordination
USAGE EXAMPLES
The ordinance adjusts the city’s transportation plan, among other changes.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The city’s new ordinance allows lockers in the central Downtown, all mixed-use, commercial and employment districts, and two other zoning districts.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Not to be outdone, the city council in Knoxville, Tenn., voted this fall to repeal an ordinance keeping bars at least 300 feet from churches.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. <正>条例，法令; 传统的风俗习惯; [宗]仪式，（尤指）圣餐式
分布：条例(60%)，法令(40%)
→来自拉丁语ordinare,安排，布置，指定，词源同order.引申词义命令，法令，条例等。
训令,法令(ardin+ance→命令[状态]→法令)[ordin=order,表示"命令,顺序"]
US ['ɔ:r.dən.ənts] formal
noun countable
■a law or rule made by a government or authority 法令；法规；条令，条例
• City Ordinance 126 forbids car parking in this area. 《市政条例》第126条禁止在该地区停放车辆。
n. [管理] 条例； [法] 法令；圣餐礼
 - act, byelaw

Word: nap
Front: nap
[næp] (研四六雅 7438/15002 -1)
Vocabulary: nap
(once / 882 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n
If you’re really tired during the day, go ahead and take a nap, even if you have to hide under your desk. A nap is a brief sleep. Good night.
When you take a nap, you rest, usually during the daytime. In some cultures, everybody naps after lunch, while in other places naps are only for young children and elderly people. Sigh. A second meaning of nap is "slightly fuzzy texture," like the nap of a jacket or the nap of a rug. This kind of nap stems from the Middle Low German noppe, "tuft of wool."
WORD FAMILY
nap: naped, napped, napping, nappy, naps+/nappy: nappies, nappiest
USAGE EXAMPLES
By Day 30, I felt reasonably well most of the time, but I still needed daily naps.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Then it’s time for lunch, and nap time.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Aboudi did not nap regularly and seemed to consume a lot of sugar — he drank soda, sometimes for breakfast — so should they offer advice?
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
Back: n. 小睡，打盹; 一种牌戏; 绒毛; 孤注一掷
vi. 打瞌睡; 疏忽
vt. 使起毛
时态：napped, napping, naps
分布：小睡(62%)，打盹(28%)，绒毛(7%)，疏忽(2%)，纳普牌(1%)
→来自中古英语nappen,小睡，打盹，来自kneb,捡，拾，啄，引申词义小睡。抓住义词源不详，可能来自同一词源。
n.小睡,打盹I napped the afternoon away.我睡了整整一个下午.
noun
SLEEP 睡觉
countable
■a short sleep, especially during the day （尤指日间的）打盹，小睡
• Grandpa usually has/takes a nap after lunch. 爷爷通常在午饭后小睡片刻。
[næp] noun
CLOTH 布料
only singular
■the surface of a piece of cloth such as velvet , consisting of short threads which have been brushed in one direction （布料的）绒面，绒毛
[næp] verb intransitive (-pp-)
■to sleep for a short time, especially during the day （尤指日间的）打盹，小睡
• He likes to nap for an hour when he gets home from work. 他喜欢下班回家后小睡一个小时。
nap, slumber, doze, sleep
这组词都有“睡”的意思，其区别是：
nap: 指白天的小睡。
slumber: 多指人安详地或长时间地睡。
doze: 多用于口语中，指轻微的小睡或处于半睡状态。
sleep: 普通用词，指一般的睡眠。可用作引申指长眠或静止不动。
n. 小睡，打盹儿；细毛；孤注一掷
 - beauty sleep, lie-down
vi. 小睡；疏忽
 - caulk off, neglect of

Word: nutritional
Front: nutritional
[njʊ'trɪʃənl] (托 7381/10633 -1)
Back: adj. 营养的; 滋养的; 营养品的
分布：营养的(73%)，滋养的(27%)
US [nu:-] (also nutritive)
adjective
■relating to nutrition 营养（学）的
• Chemical sweeteners have no nutritional value. 化学增甜剂毫无营养价值。
adj. 营养的；滋养的
 - trophic, alimentary

Word: onus
Front: onus
[ˈəʊnəs] (宝 20348/13968 -1)
Vocabulary: onus
(once / 11067 pages)
n
Take the noun, onus, as a formal word for responsibility or obligation. If your teacher assigns onus as a vocabulary word, it puts the onus on you to find out what it means.
Onus is a formal or sophisticated way to say "responsibility" or "duty." It sounds a little like the unrelated word owner, so think about the person with onus as owner of the responsibility. If the onus is on you to organize a fund raiser, you have to set the whole thing up. Have you ever heard the legal term onus probandi? It means the burden of proof, which requires the accuser to prove the case against the accused.
WORD FAMILY
onus
USAGE EXAMPLES
The law puts the onus on the government to explain the refusal.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
By all accounts the Huskers are faring well on the recruiting front, and the onus is now on Riley to produce on the field.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Much of the onus falls upon the athletes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. <正>责任，义务; 负担，重担
分布：义务(51%)，负担(40%)，耻辱(9%)
→来自拉丁语onus,责任，重担，来自en,担子，可能来自an,在上面，词源同on.
负担,责任(on[=oner]+us表示名词,如：nodus难点)[oner=load,表示"负担"]
n. 责任，义务；负担
 - liability, duty, burden, obligation, weight

Word: oven
Front: oven
[ˈʌvn] (研四六托 2920/4188 -K2)
Vocabulary: oven
(once / 518 pages)
n
An oven is a device for baking food using heat. You probably scramble eggs on your stove but bake cupcakes in your oven.
Most ovens are in kitchens, whether in private homes or restaurants. Every once in a while, you'll see an outdoor bread or pizza oven too — these are built of brick, stone, or clay, and can safely get hot enough to bake at very high temperatures. Another kind of oven is one that's used for baking ceramics, which is also called a kiln or sometimes a furnace. The very oldest ovens were built thousands of years ago in Central and Eastern Europe.
WORD FAMILY
oven: ovens
USAGE EXAMPLES
Imagine the heat of a wood-fired pizza oven, with the pressure you would experience 2km under the sea.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Place the skillet in the oven and bake until the yolks are just set, about 8 minutes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The team leader in sacks played with a thick left wrap resembling a large oven mitt protecting his injured left hand.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 烤箱，烤炉，灶
分布：烤箱(80%)，烤炉(20%)
→来自古英语ofen,烤箱，烤炉。
n.炉,灶,灶箱Moreover, the new government overlooked the governor over the oven.而且,新政府忽视了炉子上方的州长.
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■the part of a cooker with a door, which is used to cook food 烤箱；烤炉
• a conventional/gas/fan-assisted oven 普通／燃气／鼓风助力烤箱
• a microwave oven 微波炉
• a cool/medium/hot oven 低温／中温／高温烤箱
• Place the cake in the oven at 200°C. 将蛋糕放入加热到摄氏200度的烤箱。
• Calcutta in summer is like an oven (= extremely and uncomfortably hot). 夏天的加尔各答热得像个火炉。
stove, oven, furnace
这组词都有“炉，炉子”的意思，其区别是：
stove: 通常指以柴、煤、气、电等作燃料，用于室内取暖或烧饭的火炉。
oven: 主要指烘烤食物用的炉子、烘箱。
furnace: 指冶炼用的熔炉或烧暖气用的锅炉。也可用作比喻。
n. [炉窑] 炉，灶；烤炉，烤箱
 - furance, kiln

Word: poacher
Front: poacher
[ˈpəʊtʃə(r)] (15191/15225)
Back: n. 偷猎者; 偷猎者成了猎物保护人; 侵入他人地界者; 煮蛋用的锅
分布：偷猎者(90%)，蒸锅(5%)，抢打同伴球的球员(5%)
→来自poach,偷猎。
US ['poʊ.tʃɚ] noun countable
■someone who catches and kills animals illegally 偷猎者
UK ['pəʊ.tʃər] US ['poʊ.tʃɚ] noun countable
poacher turned gamekeeper
■someone who opposed people in authority in the past but who now has a position of authority themselves 当年造反，今天掌权的人
n. 偷猎者；侵入者；炖蛋锅
 - intruder, penetrator

Word: parlous
Front: parlous
[ˈpɑ:ləs] (宝 38676/33017)
Vocabulary: parlous
(once / 17331 pages)
adj
Parlous is an adjective that means "dangerous," such as the parlous car trip with a new driver behind the wheel!
The first syllable in parlous rhymes with far and is accented: "PAR-less." It means dangerous — something that is parlous might carry the risk or threat of harm, like a parlous experience of being in a boat during a rainstorm. Parlous and perilous are synonyms. In fact, parlous is a shortened version, or contraction, of perilous that came about in the late 14th century.
WORD FAMILY
parlous: parlously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her first priority is to preserve the EU of 27, which is in a parlous condition.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
What she couldn’t have known was the parlous nature of his mental stability.
New York Times(Nov 06, 2016)
Sources who disputed the depth of Trump’s internal support agreed that the FBI is now in parlous political territory.
The Guardian(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: adj. 危险的，不确定的，难对付的
分布：危险的(56%)，狡猾的(11%)，极度地(11%)，靠不住的(11%)，非常地(11%)
→缩写自perilous,危险的。
【记】源于：perilous（adj 危险的）读：怕了死，因为前方是危险的。
US ['pɑ:r-] formal
adjective
■very bad, dangerous or uncertain 糟糕的；危险的；不可预测的
• Relations between the two countries have been in a parlous condition for some time. 两国之间的关系已经僵持了一段时间。
• I'd like to buy a new car, but my finances are in such a parlous state that I can't afford to. 我想买辆新车，但我的财务状况非常糟糕，买不起。
adj. 危险的；狡猾的；不易对付的
 - dangerous, critical, designing, knowing, risky
adv. 非常地；极度地
 - considerably, remarkably, finely, tremendously

Word: payday
Front: payday
[ˈpeɪdeɪ] (15829/44858)
Vocabulary: payday
(once / 14592 pages)
n
When you have a job, your payday is the day you get paid. You might wait to buy yourself a new outfit until after payday.
Some jobs have a weekly payday — maybe Fridays are payday at the ice cream shop where you work. In other cases, you have to wait two weeks, or even a month, between paydays. You can also use payday to mean a sudden success or influx of money, either earned or won: "That movie brought a huge payday to its producers." Since 1932, there's also been a peanut and nougat-based candy bar called PayDay.
WORD FAMILY
payday: paydays
USAGE EXAMPLES
Case in point is the onslaught against payday lenders, and a lawsuit presents an opportunity to expose an extralegal cross-agency campaign.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Payday lenders offer small loans, usually for just a few hundred dollars, and expect repayment once borrowers get their next paycheck.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
A payday loan, or a cash advance, is typically $500 or less.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 发薪日
分布：发薪日(80%)，交割日(15%)，支付日(5%)
noun uncountable
■the day on which a worker receives their pay 发放工资日，发薪日
n. 发薪日；交割日
 - settlement day

Word: ramble
Front: ramble
[ˈræmbl] (六雅宝 16774/19122 -1)
Vocabulary: ramble
(once / 629 pages)
vn
You ramble when your talking or your walking goes on and on and on. And on. You’re in no hurry to make a point or get to your destination — if there is one at all.
The word ramble comes from similar roots as roam. They both mean wander, but they’re often used a little differently. You might roam around on vacation to relax or find adventure. If you’re a shark, you roam the deep sea for food. On the other hand, if the person on the plane next to you chatters nervously and can’t stop, you wish they wouldn’t ramble on like that.
WORD FAMILY
ramble: rambled, rambler, rambles, rambling +/rambler: ramblers/ rambling: ramblingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
I spent the next few weeks writing long, rambling stream-of-consciousness journals in an effort to find the answer to his question.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Already such a stroll on such a day is stealing the clothes of the country ramble in two ways.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Perhaps a proper young Victorian who rambled the English countryside in her country tweeds with her watercolor kit, waiting for inspiration to strike.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vi. 漫游; 漫步; 漫谈; 蔓延
n. 漫步; 漫游; 漫谈
时态：rambled, rambling, rambles
分布：漫步(33%)，漫游(21%)，漫谈(20%)，蔓延(14%)，漫笔(6%)，闲谈(6%)
→可能来自 roam,漫游，-le,表反复。插入字母 b,比较 number,numerate.引申诸相关词义。
【记】源于：amble（v 缓行；溜蹄）
verb
WALK 散步
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to walk for pleasure, especially in the countryside （尤指在乡间）漫步，漫游，闲逛
• I love to ramble through the fields and lanes in this part of the country. 我喜欢在这片乡村地区的田野和小路上漫步。
• Shall we go rambling tomorrow? 我们明天到乡间去散步好不好？
['ræm.bl] verb
TALK/WRITE 说／写
intransitive disapproving
■to talk or write in a confused way, often for a long time 语无伦次地闲扯；没完没了地胡乱说；信笔乱写
• Sorry, I'm rambling (on)- let me get back to the point. 对不起，扯远了——我再回到要点上来。
['ræm.bl] verb
SPREAD 延伸
intransitive
■(especially of a plant) to go in many different directions （尤指植物）蔓生，蔓延
• An old clematis rambles over the garden wall. 一株老铁线莲爬满了花园的墙壁。
['ræm.bl] noun countable
■a long walk especially through the countryside （尤指在乡间的）漫步，漫游，散步
• We go for a ramble through the woods every Saturday. 我们每个星期六都在林中漫步。
wander, stroll, roam, ramble
这组词都有“徘徊、漫游”的意思，其区别是：
wander: 指无目的地到处徘徊或闲荡。
stroll: 常指无明确目的他悠闲而缓慢地漫游。
roam: 常指在广阔地方以自得其乐的愉快心情作无固定目标的漫游。
ramble: 一般指走走停停，心情愉快，步履轻松。
n. 漫步；漫游；随笔
 - essay, travel
vi. 漫步；漫游；闲逛；漫谈；蔓延
 - range, wander off

Word: prism
Front: prism
[ˈprɪzəm] (六 13056/21115)
Vocabulary: prism
(once / 2189 pages)
n
In geometry, a prism is a three-dimensional shape that has two bases that are parallel and the same size and shape. The prism's sides are all parallelograms. A classic pup tent is a triangular prism.
In optics, a prism is a piece of glass, quartz, plastic, or other material that can be used to refract light. A typical prism is triangular in shape, and when white light (like sunlight) is shown through it, the prism breaks the light into separate colors and displays it as a rainbow (color spectrum). Sir Isaac Newton experimented with prisms in the 1600s, and his work was the beginning of the modern period of both optics and the understanding of light.
WORD FAMILY
prism: prismatic, prismoid, prisms+/prismatic: prismatically/prismoid: prismoids
USAGE EXAMPLES
He also became a reader, which led him to view his incarceration through a political and economic prism.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
“Any retaliatory measures were seen through the prism of what would happen on Election Day.”
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
But cinema is better at exploring than explaining, and the screen is more like a prism or a kaleidoscope than a mirror or a window.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 棱镜，棱晶; [数]棱柱体，角柱（体），[物]（结晶）柱; [物]分光光谱，光谱的七色，折光物体
分布：棱镜(81%)，棱柱(18%)，折光体(1%)
→来自拉丁语prisma,棱镜，棱柱，来自希腊语prizein,锯，锯开，词源同prion.
noun countable
■a transparent glass or plastic object which separates white light that passes through it into different colours 棱镜

Word: provenance
Front: provenance
[ˈprɒvənəns] (宝 16671/15786)
Vocabulary: provenance
(once / 23085 pages)
n
Where something comes from is its provenance. If a style of music originated in the capital of Rhode Island, you could say that its provenance was Providence.
Some items of foreign provenance are taxed more heavily than domestic products. If you claim that an artwork put up for sale was stolen from your family's art collection, an investigation may be ordered to resolve issues of provenance. In this case, provenance refers to who has the legal right to the specific work of art, or to whom it belongs.
WORD FAMILY
provenance: provenances
USAGE EXAMPLES
Britain’s best-paid brokers and lawyers are here to help — and will ask no awkward questions about the provenance of their clients’ cash.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
This approach “provides comfort to customers about the provenance and the ethical nature of the cobalt used in the materials they source.”
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
The ultimate provenance of content, and the algorithms that decide what we see and don’t see, lack this clarity.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 起源，出处
分布：出处(52%)，起源(48%)
→pro-,向前，-ven,到来，词源同venue,advent.引申词义起源，出处。
【记】pro前，ven＝vent来，ance－前面来得东西－起源
US ['prɑ:.vən-] formal
noun [S or U]
■the place of origin of something 起源；出处
• jewels of uncertain provenance 来历不明的珠宝
• This raised doubts about the provenance of the painting. 这引起了人们对这幅画来历的怀疑。
• I don't need to see a label to identify the provenance of a garment that someone is wearing. 我不用看商标就能认出别人穿的衣服是哪里制造的。
n. 出处，起源
 - origin, birth

Word: sane
Front: sane
[seɪn] (研托宝 9556/11270 -1)
Vocabulary: sane
(once / 234 pages)
adj
A sane person doesn't have any screws loose — in other words, they're free of mental illness and in a reasonable state of mind.
You probably know that the word insane means crazy. Well, the opposite of insane is sane — or not crazy. A sane person is of sound mind and is mentally healthy. Sane people have good judgment, are reasonable, and can tell the difference between what's real and imagined. Whenever someone commits a crime or does something totally outlandish, people usually wonder if they're sane or not.
WORD FAMILY
sane: insane, sanely, saneness, saner, sanest, sanity +/ insane: insanely, insaneness, insaner, insanest, insanity / insanity: insanities/ sanity: sanities
USAGE EXAMPLES
At first glance, Melania Trump did a good job of seeming like a decent sane person in her softball interview with Anderson Cooper in October.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
But it also keeps me sane and sociable.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
So maybe Trump ends up doing the only sane thing: preserving a nuclear deal that’s in everyone’s interest.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 心智健全的; 神志正常的; 明智的; 稳健的
级别：saner, sanest
分布：心智健全的(55%)，明智的(45%)
→来自拉丁语 sanus,健康的，健全的，来自 swen,健康的，无损伤的，词源同 sound,健全 的，明智的，身心健康的。
神志清醒的[San,sanit=healthy,表示"健康的"]
a.心智健全的,神志清醒的,明智的,稳健的He doesn't seem sane at all.他的神志看来一点也不清醒.
【记】san三，e鹅：喝了酒后还能数出来有三只鹅－神智清醒的
【参】sanity（n 心智健全）
adjective
■having a healthy mind and not mentally ill, or showing good judgment and understanding 心智健全的，神智正常的；头脑清醒的；明智的
• In the doctor's opinion he was sane at the time of the murder. 按照医生的看法，他在谋杀时是神志清醒的。
• humorous The only thing which keeps me sane after a hard day in the office is jogging! 在办公室辛苦工作一天后，唯一能使我保持头脑清醒的方法就是慢跑。
• It was a sane (= sensible) decision and one we all respected. 这是一个明智的决定，也是我们都尊重的决定。
adj. [心理] 健全的；理智的； [临床] 神志正常的
 - healthy, intellectual, sound

Word: realistically
Front: realistically
[ˌri:əˈlɪstɪkli] (11137/9529 -1)
Back: adv. 现实地; 实际地; 逼真地
分布：逼真地(38%)，现实地(37%)，实际地(25%)
US [ˌri:.ə-] adverb
■according to the facts and what is possible 现实地；实事求是地
• Realistically speaking, he hadn't a hope, but that didn't stop him trying. 实事求是地说，他毫无希望，但是这并没有让他放弃努力。
■in a way that seems as if it exists 逼真地；栩栩如生地
• He was made up very realistically to look like an old woman. 他化了妆，看上去真的像个老太婆。
realistically, practically, virtually
realistically: 写实地，逼真地
practically: 几乎，实事求是地
virtually: 差不多地，事实上，实际上
adv. 现实地；实际地；逼真地
 - practically, to the life

Word: rejuvenate
Front: rejuvenate
[rɪˈdʒu:vəneɪt] (六托宝 18505/19775 -1)
Vocabulary: rejuvenate
(once / 5009 pages)
1v 2v 3v
When you make something young again or give it more life and energy, you rejuvenate it. For example, you can often rejuvenate a not-quite-dead plant, bringing it back to health with some water and some TLC.
One way to remember the word rejuvenate is to pick it apart to its heart, the juve. This juve sounds like juvenile — which refers to youth. Add the prefix re, which means "again," and the "ate" suffix, which stands for "do or make." Put them all together and you get "make young again" — the meaning of rejuvenate. We all want to be younger, as witnessed by all the ads for products that promise to rejuvenate us through special cosmetics or foods or exercise equipment.
WORD FAMILY
rejuvenate: rejuvenated, rejuvenates, rejuvenating, rejuvenation +/ rejuvenation: rejuvenations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The populist revolt highlights the need to rejuvenate democratic public discourse, to address the big questions people care about, including moral and cultural issues.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Nova arrived in Pittsburgh rejuvenated by the opportunity for a fresh start.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Though the Pirates faded down the stretch, Nova appeared rejuvenated while working with pitching coach Ray Searage.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 使变得年轻，使恢复活力
vi. 复原，变年轻
时态：rejuvenated, rejuvenating, rejuvenates
分布：变年轻(50%)，使 ... 恢复精神(25%)，使 ... 年轻(25%)
→re-,再，重新，juven-,年青，词源同 juvenile,young.
使返老还童(re重新+juven+ate→重新年轻)[juven=young,表示"年轻"]
【记】源于：juven尤文（图斯），年轻的队员越来越多－返老还童re反复，ju猪，ven＝wen吻，ate：接吻的嘴象猪－小孩的吻
【参】juvenile（adj 年轻的）
verb transitive
■to make someone look or feel young and energetic again 使年轻；使恢复活力；使青春焕发
• She felt rejuvenated by her fortnight in the Bahamas. 在巴哈马群岛度了两周假，她觉得自己变年轻了。
■to make an organization or system more effective, productive and modern by introducing new methods and ideas 使（组织或体制）恢复活力
• He has decided to rejuvenate the team by bringing in a lot of new, young players. 他决定大批引进年轻的新队员，使球队恢复活力。
vt. 使年轻；使更新；使恢复精神；使复原
 - renew, reinstate
vi. 复原；变年轻
 - be cured of, pull round

Word: stutter
Front: stutter
[ˈstʌtə(r)] (宝 14348/22216 -1)
Vocabulary: stutter
(once / 3112 pages)
vn
If you've ever heard a young child stammer and trip over his words, you know what it means to stutter.
Use the verb stutter when someone gets stuck on certain word sounds, either because she's speaking too quickly or eagerly, or because she has an actual speech disorder, also called a stutter. The word itself is somewhat onomatopoeic — a word that sounds like what it means — with its repeated t sounds. Stutter is thought to be related to the Middle Low German word stoten, "to knock or strike against," which is the way a stutterer's words sometimes sound.
WORD FAMILY
stutter: stuttered, stutterer, stuttering, stutters+/stutterer: stutterers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I turned white and started stuttering,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
There was one more match in the Premier League on Tuesday, with Leicester continuing its poor away form in its stuttering title defense:
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
This was a meeting of the faltering champions and the stuttering pre-season title favourites.
The Guardian(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 结结巴巴地说; 不顺畅的工作，时断时续地移动
n. 结巴; 口吃
时态：stuttered, stuttering, stutters
分布：口吃(94%)，说话结巴(3%)，结巴着说话(3%)
→来自 stutt,口吃，来自中古英语 stutten,口吃，来自 Proto-Germanic*staut,推，击，打，来自 steu,推，击，打，词源同 stub,study,stupid.-er,表反复。
口吃[-er 1.表名词"…人"2.表名词"物品,机器"3.表名词"反复做"]
【记】源于：stunt（v 阻碍…发育），阻碍说话－口吃
US ['stʌ.ɚ] verb intransitive
SPEAK 说
■to speak or say something, especially the first part of a word, with difficulty, for example pausing before it or repeating it several times 口吃，结结巴巴地说
• She stutters a bit, so let her finish what she's saying. 她有点口吃，所以让她把话说完。
• [+ speech] "C-c-can we g-go now?" stuttered Jenkins. “我，我们可，可，可以走了吗？”詹金斯结结巴巴地说。
Compare stammer
UK ['stʌt.ər] US ['stʌ.ɚ] verb intransitive
NOT SMOOTH 断断续续
■to work or happen in a way that is not smooth or regular 断断续续地运转（或进行）
• Suddenly the engine stuttered and then it stopped completely. 引擎突然突突响了两声，接着便完全停住了。
vi. 结结巴巴地说话
 - splatter
n. [内科] 口吃，结巴
 - impediment, mogilalia

Word: surfer
Front: surfer
[ˈsɜ:fə(r)] (11560/17748)
Back: n. 冲浪运动员
分布：冲浪者(100%)
→surf,冲浪，-er,人。
US ['sɝ:.fɚ] noun countable
■a person who rides on a wave on a special board 冲浪者
⇒ See also windsurfer

Word: sprinkle
Front: sprinkle
[ˈsprɪŋkl] (研四六 4663/7937 -2)
Vocabulary: sprinkle
(once / 485 pages)
vn
A sprinkle is a light shower of something, often water. It’s also a verb that means to gently scatter something. A sprinkle of snow won’t cause school to close, but a sprinkle of fairy dust could transport you to a magical land.
When there’s a sprinkle of rain, you should bring an umbrella just in case it turns into a downpour. A sprinkler causes a sprinkle of water to fall on the flowerbeds, and if it’s really hot, it can be fun to play under. At the Memorial Day parade, the firefighters might sprinkle confetti over the crowd — and if you’re lucky, they’ll sprinkle candy, too. Speaking of candy, a sprinkle is also a tiny treat often sprinkled on your ice cream.
WORD FAMILY
sprinkle: sprinkled, sprinkler, sprinkles, sprinkling+/ sprinkler: sprinklers/sprinkling: sprinklings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Secret Service agents are now sprinkled throughout the property, at night blending into the shrubbery along the grounds.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Sprinkle over half of the thyme, parsley and tarragon leaves, as well as half of the oregano.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Sprinkle was charged by Charlotte Mecklenburg Police with shoplifting by concealment Tuesday at the Belk department store and was released.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: v. 洒，撒; 用…点缀; 下小雨
n. 小雨; 少量
时态：sprinkled, sprinkling, sprinkles
分布：洒(54%)，撒(42%)，下稀疏小雨(3%)，少量散布的屑状物(1%)
→来自 spreg,播，洒，溅，词源同 spark,spread,sperm.-le,表反复。
n.洒,喷,淋While sinking into thinking, the shrinking linkman drank the pink ink sprinkled on the wrinkly paper.陷入沉思时,退缩的联络员喝掉了洒在皱纹纸上的粉红色墨水.
verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to drop a few pieces or drops of something over a surface 洒；撒
• Sprinkle a few herbs on the pizza./Sprinkle the pizza with a few herbs. 在比萨上撒些香料调味。
• figurative The speech was liberally sprinkled with (= contained many) jokes about the incident. 这场演讲多次拿那件事开玩笑。
['sprɪŋ.kl] noun countable usually singular (US also sprinkling)
■a very light fall of rain or snow which lasts only a short time 小雨；小雪
n. 撒，洒；少量
 - bit, ounce
vt. 洒；微雨；散置
 - besprinkle, light rain

Word: stein
Front: stein
[staɪn] (20269/12961)
Back: n. （容量约为一品脱的）陶质（或玻璃）啤酒杯
分布：啤酒杯(100%)
noun countable
■a very large cup, usually made of clay and often decorated, which has a handle and a lid, and is used for drinking beer （通常为陶质的有装饰的）带盖啤酒杯
US for * tankard

Word: voracious
Front: voracious
[vəˈreɪʃəs] (托宝 16557/20904)
Vocabulary: voracious
(once / 3652 pages)
adj
Voracious is an adjective used to describe a wolflike appetite. It might be a craving for food or for something else, such as power, but the word usually denotes an unflattering greediness.
Voracious comes from the Latin vorāre, "to devour." The word is usually associated with swallowing or devouring food in a ravenous manner, but it can be used of someone intensely involved in any activity. Pierre Salinger referred to President Kennedy as a "voracious reader," while Robert Bakker once likened the IRS to a "voracious, small-minded predator."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
veracious / voracious
Voracious describes someone super hungry, like a zombie or a wolf. A voracious appetite makes you want to eat a whole cake. Veracious (with an "e") means truthful, as in a veracious first president who cannot tell a lie.
Voracious is spelled with an "o" for an open mouth or the hole in your stomach you're trying to fill if you have a voracious appetite. It's used to describe appetites, but not always for food — a voracious reader devours books by reading one after the other. Here are some unrelenting examples:
The fish are such voracious eaters that they have crowded out other species and disrupted ecosystems. — Wall Street Journal
A voracious reader, he became a self-educated art historian and a well-informed generalist whose knowledge awed his friends, including well-known artists. — New York Times
The more formal word veracious comes from the Latin root verus for "truth." You might recognize that root in words like verify "to show something's true," or verisimilitude for "seeming true to life." Veracious means truthful, so a veracious author, for example, is one who tells the truth. Here are more examples:
This interesting, although not very veracious author, gives the following account of the process. — J.G. Millingen
I ought to have bought up all sorts of memories, and written the most veracious novel the world has seen. — Israel Zangwill
If you had to hang out with either a voracious person or a veracious one, choose the veracious, or truthful, one. The voracious one would definitely eat all of your French fries, and your brains if you hang out with zombies.
WORD FAMILY
voracious: voraciously, voraciousness+/ voracity: voracious, voracities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite his voracious use of Twitter, the president-elect appears to be leaning toward old tech to ensure the security of sensitive messages.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Herrera is a voracious reader and, as it happens, is just reading a book about Matisse and Picasso.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
In Africa, an elephant is killed for ivory every 26 minutes on average, much of it to supply China’s voracious market.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 贪吃的; 贪婪的; 渴求的; 如饥似渴的
adv. 贪婪地
n. 贪婪，贪吃
分布：贪婪的(62%)，贪吃的(21%)，狼吞虎咽的(12%)，求知欲强的(5%)
→来自拉丁语vorax,贪吃，词源同devour,herbivore.
狼吞虎咽的(vor+acious多....的--吃多的)[vor=eat,表示"吃"]
贪婪的(vor吃;参考:omnivorous无所不吃的)[-acious表形容词"有特征的,多...的"]
【记】vor＝devour（v 吞吃；狼吞虎咽），acious多－吃得多的－贪婪的
【反】lack of appetite（没有胃口的）
adjective
■very eager for something, especially a lot of food 饥渴的；渴求的；（尤指）贪吃的
• He has a voracious appetite (= he eats a lot). 他的食量惊人。
• He's a voracious reader of historical novels (= He reads a lot of them eagerly and quickly). 他如饥似渴地阅读历史小说。
adj. 贪婪的；贪吃的；狼吞虎咽的
 - greedy, grasping

Word: symbolise
Front: symbolise
['sɪmbəlaɪz] (-/11633)
Back: vt. 象征，作为…的象征
时态：symbolised, symbolising, symbolises
分布：象征(95%)，以符号表示=symbolize(5%)
vt. 象证，代表（等于symbolize）
 - to stand for, typify

Word: transformative
Front: transformative
[ˌtræns'fɔ:mətɪv] (15252/-)
Back: adj. 有改革能力的，变化的，变形的
分布：有改革能力的(78%)，起改造作用的(22%)
adj. 变化的，变形的；有改革能力的
 - changed, sliding, varying, metabolic, variational

Word: avid
Front: avid
[ˈævɪd] (托宝 8676/14467 -1)
Vocabulary: avid
(once / 1989 pages)
adj
Avid usually means very eager or enthusiastic. If you're an avid reader, it means you read as much as you can, whenever you can.
But this adjective can also mean wanting something so much that you can be thought of as greedy. For example, a person can be avid for success or power. Avid is from French avide, from Latin avidus, from avere "to desire, crave."
WORD FAMILY
avid: avidity, avidly, avidness+/ avidity: avidities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Middleton was married 21 years to her husband, whom she described as a sweet person who was an avid University of Notre Dame football fan.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Though avid users of social media, white-collar professionals seldom respond collectively to government missteps or social problems.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
But while she is an avid advocate of "when in Rome..."
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 渴望的; 贪婪的; 热心的
分布：热心的(52%)，渴望的(28%)，贪婪的(20%)
→来自拉丁词avere, 渴求，词源同avarice.
渴望的,贪婪的(av+id...的→渴望的)[av,avar,avi=desire,bird,表示"渴望,鸟"]
【记】avi飞，鸟－人类早就渴望飞了－热望的av一种频道，可以玩游戏；id＝ID卡用处更广泛：都是我们渴望的东西
【反】indifferent（adj 漠不关心的）
adjective
■extremely eager or interested 渴望的；急切的；热衷的；干劲十足的
• an avid football fan 狂热的足球球迷
• an avid supporter of the arts 艺术活动的热心支持者
• He took an avid interest in the project. 他对这个企划案产生了极大的兴趣。
• formal She hadn't seen him for six months and was avid for news. 她已六个月未曾见到他，正望穿秋水地盼着他的音讯。
adj. 渴望的，贪婪的；热心的
 - eager, hungry, desired, anxious, sick

Word: alarmist
Front: alarmist
[əˈlɑ:mɪst] (20907/19764)
Back: n. 杞人忧天者
a. 危言耸听的
分布：大惊小怪者(64%)，危言耸听者(36%)
US [-'lɑ:r-] disapproving
adjective
■intentionally showing only the bad and dangerous things in a situation, and so worrying people 危言耸听的；制造恐慌的
• The government has dismissed newspaper reports of 200 dead as being alarmist. 报纸报导有200人死亡，政府称这是危言耸听，因此拒绝置评。
UK [ə'lɑ:.mɪst] US [-'lɑ:r-] disapproving
noun countable
■someone who makes people worried by telling them about bad or dangerous things when it is not necessary or helpful 危言耸听者，靠散布危险言论制造恐慌的人
n. 杞人忧天者；大惊小怪者
 - worrywart
adj. 危言耸听的；忧虑的
 - apprehensive, fraught

Word: bald
Front: bald
[bɔ:ld] (研六托雅 6185/7067 -2)
Vocabulary: bald
(once / 643 pages)
adjv
Use the adjective bald to describe someone who has no hair on his head. If your uncle has a smooth, hairless scalp, he's bald.
Some men are bald because they shave their heads, while others have become bald gradually over the years. It's often said that if a man's grandfather was bald, he will also be bald. Certain conditions, illnesses, and even medicines can also make women bald. Another way to use the word is to mean "plain, blunt, or obvious." You might describe, for example, a school's bald request for donations of money and supplies.
WORD FAMILY
bald: balded, baldest, balding, baldly, baldness, balds+/ balding: baldinger/baldness: baldnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Morales is black, bald, 6 feet tall and 175 pounds.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The guy who “grabbed” Lily was bald, and violent around the eyes.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Binoculars are suggested, because Toronto Reservoir is often home to wintering bald eagles.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 秃头的; 单调的，枯燥的; 光秃的; 赤裸裸的，毫无掩饰的
级别：balder, baldest
分布：秃头的(43%)，单调的(38%)，无装饰的(19%)
→来自PIE *bhel(1), 发光，词源同blank, blanch.
a.秃的,秃头的He lives in a bald way.他过得单调无味.
【记】源于ball球
【区】bold（adj 大胆的），站在球’o’上。
US [bɑ:ld] adjective
NO HAIR 秃头的
 IMPROVER
■with little or no hair on the head 秃头的
• At twenty he was already going bald. 他20岁就开始秃头了。
as bald as a coot UK (US as bald as a cue ball) humorous
■completely bald 全秃的
• When he took off his hat, we saw that he was as bald as a coot! 他脱帽后，我们发现他的头全秃了！
UK [bɔ:ld] US [bɑ:ld] adjective
PLAIN 简单的
■basic and with no unnecessary words; not detailed 简单的；不加赘述的；不加详述的
• There was just this bald statement of resignation - no explanation or anything. 只有简单的辞职声明——没有解释之类的东西。
barren, naked, bald, bare
这组词都有“裸露的”的意思，其区别是：
barren: 着重缺少肥力或生活能力，无草无木，荒瘠不毛。
naked: 指全身一丝不挂，暴露无遗。
bald: 指头上无发，山坡无树无草，树顶无叶。
bare: 指缺少必要的遮盖物。用于人时，多指身体的部分裸露。
adj. [地理] 秃顶的；光秃的；单调的；无装饰的
 - flat, blank, naked

Word: yogurt
Front: yogurt
[ˈjəʊgət] (7467/17323 -1)
Back: n. 酸奶; 酸乳酪
分布：酸奶(99%)，酵母乳(1%)
→来自土耳其语。
US ['joʊ.gɚt] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a slightly sour, thick liquid made from milk with bacteria added to it, sometimes sweetened and with a fruit flavour added and sometimes eaten plain 酸乳，优酪乳，乳酪
• natural/plain yogurt 天然／纯酸乳酪
• strawberry yogurt 草莓酸乳酪
• low-fat yogurt 低脂酸乳酪
• I only had a yogurt (= a container of this) for lunch. 我午餐只喝了一罐酸乳酪。
n. 酸奶酪， [食品] 酸乳（等于yoghurt）
 - acid milk, yoghourt

Word: cockpit
Front: cockpit
[ˈkɒkpɪt] (7162/8168 -2)
Vocabulary: cockpit
(once / 2491 pages)
1n 2n
The cockpit is the area where the pilots and crew sit to fly an airplane. In a small plane, the cockpit might be occupied by a single pilot.
A cockpit, also called a flight deck, is like a ship's bridge or a truck's cab — it's where the person controlling the vehicle sits. A race car driver's seat is sometimes also called a cockpit. The original meaning was literally "pit where a cockfight happens," and in the 1700s cockpit became the Royal Navy's term for the area where a coxswain, or ship's pilot, was stationed.
WORD FAMILY
cockpit: cockpits
USAGE EXAMPLES
They alerted the authorities and the man was escorted from the cockpit.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Passengers became suspicious when they heard slurred words and unclear announcements from the cockpit.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
FAIRBANKS, Alaska — Never climb into an airplane cockpit in winter without your best military-grade arctic boots, rated to minus 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 驾驶员座舱; 斗鸡场; 屡经战争的战场; 操舵处
分布：战场(100%)
→来自cock和pit的组合词。
US ['kɑ:k-] noun countable
■the small closed space where the pilot sits in an aircraft, or where the driver sits in a racing car （飞机的）驾驶舱；（赛车的）驾驶座
n. [航] 驾驶员座舱；战场
 - field, ground, battlefield

Word: benevolent
Front: benevolent
[bəˈnevələnt] (托宝 11475/9977 -1)
Vocabulary: benevolent
(once / 395 pages)
adj
Choose the adjective benevolent for someone who does good deeds or shows goodwill. If your teacher collects homework with a benevolent smile, she's hoping that you've done a good job.
Benevolent comes from the Latin bene "well" and volent from the verb "to wish" so you can imagine that this word brings goodness with it. A benevolent society is a charity group organized to serve a community through programs, sponsorships and donations. The expression, benevolent dictatorship, may seem like an oxymoron, but it is a political term for an authoritative government that works for the good of the people under its rule.
WORD FAMILY
benevolent: benevolence, benevolently+/ benevolence: benevolences
USAGE EXAMPLES
We must overcome our fear of causing offense and find faith in the power of benevolent intentions.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
If there is a benevolent heart condition, surely takotsubo cardiomyopathy is the one - but "dying of a broken heart" puts it better.
BBC(Aug 13, 2014)
The idea was to try something different, to push the boundaries for female roles, both evil and benevolent, toward a more realistic depiction of women.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 好心肠的; 与人为善的; 乐善好施的; 慈善的
分布：仁慈的(78%)，乐善好施的(22%)
→词根bene, 好。vol, 同will, 意志，意愿。
好意的(bene+vol意愿+ent→好意的)[bene-表示"善,好"]
善心的(bene好+vol+ent→好意的)[vod,otunt=wish,will,表示"意志,意愿"]
【记】bene好，vol意志－好意的
【参】volition（n 意志，决心）；malevolent（adj 有恶意的）
adjective
■kind and helpful 仁慈的，慈善的
• He was a benevolent old man, he wouldn't hurt a fly. 他是个仁慈的老人，连一只苍蝇都不愿伤害。
adj. 仁慈的；慈善的；亲切的
 - friendly, sweet, humane, benign

Word: bead
Front: bead
[bi:d] (六托雅 5351/6597 -1)
Vocabulary: bead
(once / 495 pages)
nv
A bead is a small bauble or jewel with a hole through its middle for stringing on a necklace or bracelet. You can make your own jewelry by stringing colorful beads on a long cord.
Beads are decorative balls made from stone, glass, or plastic. Rosary beads — or other prayer beads — are used for praying or meditating, and in some societies beads are the equivalent of money, used as currency to buy things. You can also describe a round drop of liquid as a bead, like a bead of sweat on your forehead. The earliest meaning of bead is "prayer bead," from the Old English gebed, "prayer."
WORD FAMILY
bead: beaded, beading, beadlike, beads, beady +/beading: beadings/ beady: beadier, beadily
USAGE EXAMPLES
From the new movie “Live By Night,” a Deco-style beaded flapper dress is all sparkle.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Our eyes will be beads of dried-up jerky by then, but at least there’s sweet relief on the horizon.
Salon(Dec 22, 2016)
The part you need is called a glazing bead.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 有孔小珠，念珠; 水珠，露珠; 珠子项链
vt. 用小珠装饰; 使成串珠状
vi. 形成珠状; 起泡
时态：beaded, beading, beads
分布：珠子(61%)，滴(23%)，用珍珠布置或覆盖(8%)，象珍珠一样串成线(4%)，形成珍珠(4%)
→词源同bid, 要求，祈祷，原指祈祷用的念珠。
noun countable
■a small coloured often round piece of plastic, wood, glass, etc. with a hole through it. It is usually put on a string with a lot of others to make jewellery （有孔的）珠子
• She wore a necklace of brightly coloured wooden beads. 她戴着一串由色彩鲜艳的木珠串成的项炼。
■a very small amount of liquid （液体的）小珠，小滴
• Beads of sweat stood out on his forehead. 他额头上冒出了汗珠。
n. 珠子；滴；念珠
 - drop, gutta
vi. 形成珠状，起泡
 - foam formation

Word: corrosive
Front: corrosive
[kəˈrəʊsɪv] (托宝 16120/19916)
Vocabulary: corrosive
(once / 5949 pages)
adjn
A corrosive substance, like hydrochloric acid, will eat away most things on which it is spilled. Watch out in chemistry lab: you wouldn't want to destroy your homework, desk, or worse, your own skin by spilling something corrosive on it.
The word corrosive comes from the Latin word, corrodere, meaning "to gnaw away." Rodere (to gnaw) is the same root word for rodent, so you can remember the word corrosive because something that is corrosive gnaws through things like a rodent. The adjective corrosive is also used to describe something that is bitingly or spitefully sarcastic. If you're known for your corrosive wit, you probably don't win any popularity contests.
WORD FAMILY
corrosive: corrosively, corrosives+/ corrode: corroded, corrodes, corroding, corrosion, corrosive /corroding: corrodings/ corrosion: corrosions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Israel’s refusal to curtail what the White House called “corrosive” settlement expansion ultimately led to a U.N.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Among the reasons for Mr. Trump’s win is the corrosive state of the nation’s culture, from the opioid crisis to political correctness.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Dealers will replace the secondary latches in cold-weather states where corrosive salt is used to clear the roads.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 腐蚀性的; 侵蚀性的; （对社会、个人情感等）有害的; （语言）激烈的
n. 腐蚀性物品
分布：腐蚀性的(54%)，腐蚀的(33%)，腐蚀物(7%)，蚀坏的(3%)，腐蚀药(3%)
→来自corrode, 腐蚀。
腐蚀性的(cor+ros+ive)[rod,ros=bite,表示"咬"]
【记】源于：erosive（adj 侵蚀性的）
US [-'roʊ-] adjective
■A corrosive substance causes damage by chemical action 腐蚀性的，侵蚀性的
• a highly corrosive acid 强腐蚀性酸
■harmful and causing bad feelings 有害的，有危害性的；恶劣的
• the corrosive influence of racism 种族主义的恶劣影响
adj. [助剂] 腐蚀的；侵蚀性的
 - erosive, rusty

Word: correspondence
Front: correspondence
[ˌkɒrəˈspɒndəns] (研六托雅 5961/4152 -2)
Vocabulary: correspondence
(once / 274 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Correspondence is a body of letters or communications. If you've ever had a pen pal or an email buddy, you’ve written plenty of correspondence.
Besides referring to that stack of love letters you've bound up with ribbon, correspondence has a couple of other meanings, too. When you and your friend hold similar opinions about a particular subject, your thoughts are in correspondence, or "agreement." In mathematics, symmetrical objects are in correspondence — that is, they mirror each other exactly.
WORD FAMILY
correspondence: correspondences+/ correspond: corresponded, correspondence, correspondent, corresponding, corresponds/ correspondent: correspondently, correspondents/ corresponding: correspondingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Illinois, every prison facility issues each inmate a large personal-property box and a small correspondence box.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
A Dallas attorney’s correspondence suggests a surprising possibility: that the stash is a Chinese billionaire’s retirement fund.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
J. D. Daniels’s first book, “The Correspondence,” is all of 126 pages.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 一致，符合; 对应; 通信，信件; [艺]通感
分布：通信(64%)，信件(36%)
通信;来往[Spond,spons=promise,表示"承诺"]
n.通信,信件;(with)符合;(to)相当于,对应There isn't much correspondence between their views and ours!他们和我们的见解不很一致.
US [ˌkɔ:r.ɪ'spɑ:n-] noun
WRITING 通信
uncountable
■letters, especially official or business letters 信件，信函（尤指公函或商业信函）
• Any further correspondence should be sent to my new address. 以后来信请寄到我的新地址。
uncountable
■the action of writing, receiving and reading letters, especially between two people （尤指两个人之间的）通信，通信联系
• Her correspondence with Jim lasted many years. 她和吉姆保持了多年的通信联系。
UK [ˌkɒr.ɪ'spɒn.dənts] US [ˌkɔ:r.ɪ'spɑ:n-] noun
MATCH 关联
countable usually singular uncountable
■a connection between two things （两个事物之间的）关联
• The survey found no correspondence between crime and unemployment rates. 调查发现犯罪与失业率之间没有关联。
message, correspondence, letter, note
这组词都有“信”的意思，其区别是：
message: 指书信、口信、电报等。
correspondence: 集合名词，指全部来往信件。
letter: 最普通用词，泛指一切形式的书信，尤指邮寄的信。
note: 指内容直截了当的短信或便条，正式或非正式均可。
n. 通信；一致；相当
 - accordance, communication, unity, agreement, identity

Word: courier
Front: courier
[ˈkʊriə(r)] (托雅 13082/12107 -2)
Vocabulary: courier
(once / 942 pages)
n
A courier is a person you trust with delivering important messages or packages. Let your mail carrier deliver your credit card bill and the form letter from the “Save the Orchids” foundation, but trust a courier with your book contract or birth certificate.
Couriers are in a hurry. Do they saunter up your driveway the way a mail carrier does? No! Couriers are clearly on important business; they’re jogging. The word comes from a Latin word, currere, meaning “to run.” Nowadays, you might see couriers on bicycles, however, weaving in and out of traffic to deliver your messages on time.
WORD FAMILY
courier: couriers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It just kind of struck a nerve with me,” said Kevin Cooney, a voter from The Courier Times in Bucks County, Pa.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Greaves, 23 in 1989, who now runs a courier company in his native Heswall, said the verdicts lifted a weight of 27 years.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Once a month, a courier from Brinkmann would arrive at her front door with two cartons of cigarettes.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 旅游团的服务员; 导游; （传递信息或重要文件的）信使; 通讯员
分布：旅行服务员(44%)，急差(28%)，送快信的(28%)
→来自词根cur, 跑，词源同course, current.
信使(cour+ier→跑的人→信使)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
US [-i.ɚ] noun countable
MESSAGE 消息
■a person who carries important messages or documents for someone else （递送重要书信或文件的）信差 ，递送员
• I want to have this package delivered by motorcycle courier. 我想找摩托车递送员送这个包裹。
UK ['kʊr.i.ər] US [-i.ɚ] noun countable
HOLIDAY 假期 UK a person who looks after a group of people on holiday especially by giving them advice on what to do, what to see, etc. 旅游团领队，导游
n. 导游；情报员，通讯员；送快信的人
 - ciceroni, gaid

Word: habitual
Front: habitual
[həˈbɪtʃuəl] (四六 13451/11263 -1)
Vocabulary: habitual
(once / 455 pages)
adj
If something is habitual, it's what you usually do. Your habitual jeans and t-shirt might work for school, but try dressing up for the opera.
Habitual is the adjective form of habit, which comes from the Latin habēre, which meant the mode of one's being, and often referred to the mode of dress. Now habit means anything you do repeatedly — your habitual actions. Perhaps you have a habitual preference for cheeseburgers, which you eat at your habitual restaurant on your habitual Wednesday night out.
WORD FAMILY
habitual: habitually+/ habit: habitable, habited, habiting, habits, habitual, habituate / habitable: habitability, habitableness/ habituate: habituated, habituates, habituating, habituation/habituation: habituations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Officials say Roux was sentenced to the Florence McClure Women’s Correctional Center nearly five years ago after being convicted of being a habitual criminal.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Large population studies also suggest an association between habitual high protein intake and a heightened risk of diabetes.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
The Ardeche case is one of several brought under the controversial French law criminalising "habitual" visits to sites that promote terrorism.
BBC(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 习惯的; 惯常的; 习以为常的
分布：习惯的(62%)，惯常的(38%)
→来自habit,习惯。
惯常的(habit+ual)[habit=dwell,表示"居住"]
adjective slightly formal
■usual or repeated 通常的；习惯性的
• a habitual thief 惯窃
• habitual drug use 吸毒成瘾
• dressed in his habitual black 身穿他惯常的黑色衣服
• her habitual meanness 她一贯的卑劣行为
usual, habitual, regular, conventional, customary
这组词都有“通常的，惯常的”的意思，其区别是：
usual: 普通用词，概念广泛。指经常发生或意料中的事，既可指自然发生的现象，也可指按个人习惯或惯例而做的事。
habitual: 指按个人习惯反复发生的事情。侧重经常性、习惯性。
regular: 着重遵守约定俗成的规则。
conventional: 语气强，指遵守已成习惯的事情，强调符合惯例，由人们普遍认可。
customary: 指特定的个人或群体的平常习惯，或习俗性的行为。
adj. 习惯的；惯常的；习以为常的
 - used, frequent, confirmed

Word: enigma
Front: enigma
[ɪˈnɪgmə] (托 14247/14427 -1)
Vocabulary: enigma
(once / 1126 pages)
n
Use the noun enigma to refer to something that is a puzzle or a mystery. Why do you have to learn difficult words like this? That is an enigma.
Traveling to English from the Greek through the Latin words for "riddle," enigma refers to something or someone that is mysterious, puzzling or difficult to figure out. As a funny-sounding word with an interesting meaning, many things have been named enigma such as a rock band, a video game, a rollercoaster ride, and a very famous coding machine used in World War II.
WORD FAMILY
enigma: enigmas, enigmatic, enigmatical+/ enigmatic: enigmatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The foreign policy of Trump and his pick for secretary of state, Rex Tillerson, remains somewhat of an enigma.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The curt utterances of Donald Trump recall those of the oracle at Delphi, except that its enigmas were clever.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
This Seattle team remains as confounding as any in the Carroll era, an enigma wrapped in a puzzle.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 谜，不可解的事物
分布：谜(93%)，难以理解的事物(5%)，谜一般的人(2%)
→来自希腊语ainos，说故事，讲谜语。
noun countable
■something that is mysterious and seems impossible to understand completely 令人费解的事物，令人困惑的事物
• She is a bit of an enigma. 她有点让人捉摸不透。
• The newspapers were full of stories about the enigma of Lord Lucan's disappearance. 报纸上充斥著有关卢肯伯爵失踪之谜的报道。
n. 谜，不可思议的东西
 - puzzle

Word: forgery
Front: forgery
[ˈfɔ:dʒəri] (宝 16466/12282 -1)
Vocabulary: forgery
(once / 1569 pages)
n
If you painted a copy of the Mona Lisa and sold it to a museum, claiming it was the original, your painting could be called a forgery, and the crime you've committed is also forgery.
Forgery is a legal word describing a white-collar crime that could involve faking a famous painting, making a false passport that claims you're the King of Swaziland, or copying your boss's signature onto a document. Both the crime of forgery and the sense of forge that means "to make" or "to sculpt" come from the Latin root word fabricare, or "fabricate."
WORD FAMILY
forgery: forgeries+/ forge: forged, forger, forgery, forges, forging, reforge/forger: forgers/forging: forgings/reforge: reforged, reforges, reforging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hall was charged in 2013 with 10 felony forgery counts.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Two pleaded guilty to forgery and failing to report suspicious transactions.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Next year Mr Yeo faces a fresh trial with a further seven charges including money laundering and forgery next year.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 伪造; 伪造罪; 伪造物; 伪造签字
分布：伪造(81%)，伪造罪(16%)，伪造物(3%)
→来自forge, 伪造。
US ['fɔ:r.dʒɚ.i] noun countable or uncountable
■an illegal copy of a document, painting, etc. or the crime of making such illegal copies 伪造品，赝品；伪造（罪）
• These banknotes are forgeries. 这些钞票是伪造的。
• He increased his income by forgery. 他透过制售伪造品来增加收入。
n. 伪造；伪造罪；伪造物
 - fabrication, falsification

Word: imitator
Front: imitator
[ˈɪmɪteɪtə(r)] (19622/23602)
Back: n. 模仿者，仿效者
分布：模仿者(100%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable usually plural
■a person who copies someone or something that they think is good 模仿者
• The difference between Ms McArthur and her countless imitators is the elegance of her writing. 麦克亚瑟女士和她的无数模仿者之间的差别就在于她文体的典雅。
n. 模仿者； [自] 模拟器
 - simulator, aper

Word: informant
Front: informant
[ɪnˈfɔ:mənt] (7105/9022 -1)
Back: n. 提供消息的人; 告密者; 被调查者; 报告者
分布：通知者(40%)，密告者(40%)，为语言研究提供资料的人(20%)
→来自inform,通知。引申词义告密者，线人。
US [-'fɔ:r-] noun countable
■someone who gives information to another person or organization 告密者，线人，举报者；提供消息者
• a police/secret informant 警方／秘密线人
• Our survey is based on information from over 200 informants. 我们的调查以两百多人提供的资讯为基础。
n. 被调查者；告密者；提供消息者
 - tattletale, beefer

Word: interceptor
Front: interceptor
[ˌɪntəˈseptə(r)] (20845/39019)
Back: n. 拦截机
分布：拦截者(55%)，妨碍者(30%)，拦截战斗机(15%)
US [-tˌɚ'sep.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a fast aircraft which attacks enemy aircraft 拦截机
n. [航] [军] 拦截机；妨碍者
 - preventer, obstructer

Word: limitless
Front: limitless
[ˈlɪmɪtləs] (13518/13891 -1)
Vocabulary: limitless
(once / 3082 pages)
adj
When something is limitless, there's an unending amount or supply of it. If you truly believe there are limitless possibilities in life, you see no limit to what people can achieve.
If the investor funding your business idea says she has limitless financial resources, that means the money will never run out. And if your friend promises limitless supplies of ice cream at her party, she's confident she won't run out. The ocean appears limitless — boundless in size — when you gaze at the horizon, and you may feel limitless amounts of love for the special people in your life. Limitless things have no limit, a word based in the Latin limitem, "boundary."
WORD FAMILY
limitless: limitlessly, limitlessness+/ limit: limitation, limited, limiter, limiting, limitless, limits/ limitation: limitations/ limited: limitedly, limiteds, self-limited, unlimited/limiter: limiters/unlimited: unlimitedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe it was the District’s career-first attitude and the limitless appetite for getting ahead.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Startups Reckon with Austerity-ish: After two years of seemingly limitless funding for young technology companies, there was a marked retrenchment this year.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The English Premier League is discovering this was not just bluster and bravado from a player with seemingly limitless amounts of self-confidence.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 无限制的; 无界限的; 一望无际的; 无限期的
分布：无限的(96%)，无界限的(4%)
adjective
■without limit 无限的，没有界限的；无止境的
• the limitless sky 一望无际的天空
• The minister said that the days of limitless spending were over. 部长称毫无节制地花钱的日子结束了。
adj. 无限制的；无界限的
 - unlimited, interminate

Word: marxism

Word: parochial
Front: parochial
[pəˈrəʊkiəl] (宝 11615/11543 -1)
Vocabulary: parochial
(once / 2906 pages)
adj
If an issue or a matter is parochial, it is trivial or only concerns a local area. Likewise, a person with a parochial mentality is narrow-minded, or not open to new ideas.
Parochial comes to English from Greek through Latin with the meaning "of a parish." As a parochial school is a school that is affiliated with a particular church, the connection is easy to see. In general though, parochial refers to a narrow or limited point of view — that is, an outlook that extends no further than the limits of the parish. You may feel that there is no room in your life for the parochial attitudes of the older generation. Let's hope you remain open-minded as you age!
WORD FAMILY
parochial: parochialism, parochially+/parochialism: parochialisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Millions of parents choose to send their children to parochial or other private schools.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
“You roll back 40 years ago, and we were really pretty isolated and much more parochial here.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Families are able to take that money to private or parochial school to cover all or part of tuition.
Washington Post(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 教区的; 范围有限的; 狭小的; 狭隘的
分布：狭隘的(59%)，教区的(29%)，地方性的(12%)
→来自拉丁语parochia,来自希腊语paroikia,堂区，教区，来自para-,在旁，在周围，oikos,家，屋子，词源同economy,ecology,diocese.即教区的，引申词义地方观念的。
【记】pa怕，ro肉，chi吃，al：怕吃肉的地方－教区的
US [-'roʊ-] adjective
OF A CHURCH 教堂的
■connected with a parish (= an area which has its own church or priest) 教区的
• parochial boundaries 教区分界线
UK [pə'rəʊ.ki.əl] US [-'roʊ-] adjective
LIMITED 有限的 disapproving
■showing interest only in a narrow range of matters, especially those which directly influence yourself, your town or your country 偏狭的，（尤指）地方观念的
• a parochial view/opinion 狭隘的观点
• Although it's just the local paper, it somehow manages not to be too parochial in its outlook. 尽管这只不过是份地方性报纸，报社却设法使其观点不至于过分狭隘。
adj. 教区的；狭小的；地方范围的
 - poky, incapacious

Word: propeller
Front: propeller
[prəˈpelə(r)] (六宝 12524/15591 -1)
Vocabulary: propeller
(once / 1920 pages)
n
A propeller is a rounded blade that rotates in a circle, helping to move a vehicle by pushing against water or air. A speed boat's propeller moves it forward by spinning against the water.
Propellers use the laws of physics to propel, or drive forward, an aircraft or a boat. The basic structure of a propeller is a spinning or rotating shaft with wide, curved blades attached to it. The very simplest propellers were first used in ancient Greece, where the inventor Archimedes invented a "screw propeller" that moved water for irrigating crops.
WORD FAMILY
propeller: propellers+/ propel: propellant, propelled, propellent, propeller, propelling, propellor, propels, propulsion, propulsive / propellant: propellants/propelled: self-propelled/propellent: propellents/propelling: self-propelling/propellor: propellors/ propulsion: propulsions/ propulsive: propulsively
USAGE EXAMPLES
That object is a drone - a small, white aircraft with four propellers.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
About two-and-a-half hours later I finally realised that "props" was short for "propellers".
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Gen. Lawrence Nicholson, Okinawa area coordinator for the Marines, said the Osprey’s propeller was damaged when it hit a fuel line during offshore refueling.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 螺旋桨，推进器; =propellor
分布：螺旋桨(75%)，推进器(24%)，=propellor.(1%)
→来自propel,推进，促动。
推进器(propel推进+l+er)[pel,puls=drive,push,表示"驱动,推"]
US [-ɚ] (informal prop)
noun countable
■a device which causes a ship or aircraft to move, consisting of two or more blades which turn round at high speed 螺旋桨
n. [印刷] [航] [船] 螺旋桨；推进器
 - airscrew, airfoil

Word: refute
Front: refute
[rɪˈfju:t] (研四六托宝 11103/11177 -1)
Vocabulary: refute
(once / 988 pages)
v
The verb refute is to prove that something is wrong. When the kids you're babysitting swear they brushed their teeth, you can refute their claim by presenting the dry toothbrushes.
Evidence and arguments are used to refute something. So are facts. For example, if children who eat chocolate before going to bed go straight to sleep, that refutes the idea that sugar keeps them up. Refute comes from the Latin refutare for "to check, suppress." A near synonym is confute, but save refute as an everyday word for proving something is false.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
rebut / refute
To rebut is to try to prove something isn't true, but to refute is to actually prove it isn't. Getting them mixed up won't get you kicked out of the debate club, but it's worth knowing the difference.
‎To rebut is more than just "to deny," it's a serious attempt to prove something is false. If you rebut something, you haven't necessarily won the argument; you've only presented your side of it:
A Jesuit priest has taken to YouTube and his blog to rebut arguments raised by British physicist Stephen Hawking. (Catholic News Service)
Baldwin has used his Twitter account to rebut criticism. (Washington Post)
Refute means to disprove something straight up. If you refute something, you successfully win the argument:
The hearing was unfortunately based on hearsay evidence that we were not able to refute by cross-examining anyone. (Eagle Tribune)
Daly refuted the report Monday, saying that only one general manager had expressed concern. (New York Times)
So, if you try to defeat an accusation, you rebut it. You still need to butt in again, so you re-but, as in "But wait! I can still prove it!" If you actually defeat the accusation, you have refuted it.
WORD FAMILY
refute: refutable, refutation, refuted, refuter, refutes, refuting+/ irrefutable: irrefutably/refutable: irrefutable / refutation: refutations/refuter: refuters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The funds will be used to refute disinformation and media manipulation.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Yet those same readers may not hear about other research that tends to refute the initial concerns.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
The data that scientists are rushing to preserve clearly refutes those who say there is no warming — hence the urgency to protect the information.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 驳斥，驳倒; 否认真实性
时态：refuted, refuting, refutes
分布：反驳(45%)，驳斥(36%)，驳倒(19%)
→re-,向后，往回，-fut,击，打，词源同 rebut,beat.引申词义反驳，驳斥。字母 b,f 音变。
反驳,驳斥(re反+fule[=fuse]→反流→反驳)[fus=pour,表示"流,泻"]
v.反驳,驳斥I acutely and resolutely refuted the brutal persecution of mute commuter.我尖锐而坚决反驳默默的通勤者的野蛮的迫害.
【记】re反，fute打－反打－反驳
【反】prove＝verify（v 证明）；affirm（v 断言；确认）
[rɪ'fju:t] formal
verb transitive
■to say or prove that a person, statement, opinion, etc. is wrong or false 驳斥；反驳；否认…的正确性（或真实性）
• to refute a person/theory/argument/claim 驳斥一个人／理论／论点／说法
refute, deny, contradict, oppose
这组词都有“否定，否认”的意思，其区别是：
refute: 语气较强，强调凭推理或证据驳斥一项主张或言论。
deny: 普通用词，侧重否认意见或言论的真实性，尤指否定他人的指控或责难。
contradict: 指肯定地否认、反对或反驳某事，坚持相反的意见。
oppose: 普通的广泛用词。指不作争论或不提出论据而无理由地反对；也指任何温和、有理由的反对或否定。
vt. 反驳，驳斥；驳倒
 - disprove, redargue

Word: sadness
Front: sadness
[ˈsædnəs] (高四六 5506/6372 -K)
Vocabulary: sadness
(once / 514 pages)
n
Someone who's blue feels sadness, like a little girl whose best friend has moved away.
Use the noun sadness when you're talking about sorrow. Sadness may be the overwhelming mood at a funeral, for example, or an elderly man might describe his life's greatest sadness as letting his childhood sweetheart get away. An interesting thing about sadness is that its original meaning was "seriousness." It wasn't until the 1600s that it came to mean "full of sorrow."
WORD FAMILY
sadness: sadnesses+/ sad: sadden, sadder, saddest, sadly, sadness /sadden: saddened, saddening, saddens
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Stress, anger and sadness break down the immune system. Sound is part of what I do daily to counterbalance that.”
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Despite reeling from a collective gut punch, women who were opposed to President-elect Donald Trump channeled their sadness and rage into activism and organization.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
“Arrival” handles that grief differently, ultimately arguing that there is a humanity in sadness.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 悲哀，忧伤，忧愁，悲哀; 令人悲哀或忧伤的事物; 愁眉苦脸，心境恶劣，心情恶劣; 认真
分布：悲哀(100%)
→sad,伤心的，难过的，-ness,名词后缀。
n. 悲哀
 - sorriness, tristesse

Word: relaunch
Front: relaunch
[ˌri:ˈlɔ:ntʃ] (40136/19369)
Back: v. 重新发动，重新发射
n. 再下水，再发射; 重整旗鼓，重新开业; （商品等的）重新投放市场; 重新推向公众，重新开张
时态：relaunched, relaunching, relaunches
分布：重新开张(32%)，重新发射(22%)，重新发动(20%)，重新上市(16%)，重新开始(10%)
→re-,再，重新，launch,启动，开始。

Word: tunis
Front: tunis
[ˈtju:nis] (-/25509)
Back: n. 突尼斯
分布：名词(100%)

Word: stalinist

Word: upswing
Front: upswing
[ˈʌpswɪŋ] (宝 19142/33918)
Back: n. 进步; 改进; 提高; 上升
vi. 提高，进步，改进
分布：向上摆动(22%)，回升时期(18%)，回升(18%)，上升(18%)，提高(12%)，改进(6%)，增长(6%)
【记】up上，swing（v 摆动）－向上摆动－上升
noun countable
■an increase or improvement 上涨，上升；改善
• Many analysts are predicting an upswing in the economy. 许多分析家预测经济状况将会好转。
n. 上升；增加；向上摆动
 - enhancement, increase, gain, rise, upgrade
vi. 提高；回升；向上摆动
 - rebound, step up

Word: volt
Front: volt
[vəʊlt] (研四六托 -/12526 -1)
Back: n. 伏特; [马术]环骑; [剑]闪避
分布：名词(100%)
→来自其发现者18世纪意大利物理学家Alessandro Volta.
n.伏特
【记】外来语
US [voʊlt] noun countable
■the standard unit used to measure how strongly an electrical current is sent around an electrical system 伏特（电压单位）
• Electricity in Britain is 240 volts, AC. 英国的电是240伏特的交流电。
n. 伏特（电压单位）；环骑；闪避
 - jook

Word: sugary
Front: sugary
[ˈʃʊgəri] (18595/21009)
Back: adj. 含糖的，甜的; 媚人; 甜蜜
分布：含糖的(52%)，甜的(33%)，甜言蜜语的(15%)
→sugar,糖，-y,形容词后缀。
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■containing sugar 含糖的
• all those sugary snacks that kids eat 所有那些小孩子吃的甜点心
■disapproving
■too good or kind or expressing feelings of love in a way that is not sincere 过于甜蜜的，媚人的，甜言蜜语的
• It's that sugary smile of his that I can't bear - it makes me want to puke! 他那种甜腻腻的微笑真让我受不了——我一看就想吐！
adj. 含糖的；甜的； [岩] 糖状的；甜言蜜语的
 - sweet, sacchariferous

Word: abnormal
Front: abnormal
[æbˈnɔ:ml] (高研四六托雅 8241/6548 -1)
Vocabulary: abnormal
(once / 871 pages)
adj
If you get a snowstorm in the middle of July, you could say that you are experiencing “abnormal weather.” Something that is abnormal is out of the ordinary, or not typical.
Abnormal is a combination of the Latin prefix ab which means “away from,” and the English word normal. It essentially means “not normal,” or "unusual.” Abnormal implies that whatever is “not normal” is also undesirable. However, abnormal is sometimes used in a positive context. The phrase “abnormal intelligence,” for instance, usually refers to someone with especially high intelligence.
WORD FAMILY
abnormal: abnormalcy, abnormality, abnormally+/abnormality: abnormalities/ normal: abnormal, normalcy, normalise, normality, normalize, normally, normals, subnormal, supernormal/ normalcy: normalcies/normalise: normalisation, normalised, normaliser, renormalise/ normality: normalities/ normalize: normalization, normalized, normalizer, normalizes, normalizing, renormalize/subnormal: subnormality, subnormally, subnormals/subnormality: subnormalities/supernormal: supernormally
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s sad. It’s traumatic. It’s abnormal, and we need to do something about it.”
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“It’s sad. It’s traumatic. It’s abnormal and we need to do something about it.”
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
It’s not that he decorates with an abnormal amount of lights, just that he repairs the castoffs of others with an uncommon measure of care.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 反常的，异常的; 不规则的; 变态的，畸形的; 邪门儿
分布：不正常的(56%)，反常的(26%)，变态的(13%)，不正常的人(5%)
→前缀ab-, 离开，非。normal,正常。
反常的(ab+normal正常的)[ab-,abs-加在词根前,表示"相反,变坏,离去"等]
异常的,反常的(ab离开+normal正常的)[norm=rule,norm,表示"规则,规范"]
a.反常的,不正常的,不规则的Normally, enormous deformation is abnormal.通常,巨大的变形是不正常的.
US [-'nɔ:r-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■different from what is usual or average, especially in a way that is bad 反常的，异常的，变态的（尤指不好的）
• abnormal behaviour/weather/conditions 反常的行为／天气／情况
• Tests revealed some abnormal skin cells. 检验结果显示一些皮肤细胞异常。
abnormal, unusual
abnormal: 变态的，反常的
unusual: 不常见的，不普通的，难得的
uncommon, abnormal, disordered
这组词都有“反常的”的意思，其区别是：
uncommon: a.罕见的，不平常的，指很少经历或很少见到的状况；特别的，出色的。
 • Hurricanes are uncommon in England.   飓风在英国非常罕见。
 • That is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes great!   那速溶咖啡质量上乘，味道好极了！
abnormal: a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕见)，指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。
 • His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.   他的体温三天来一直都不正常，最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度。(尽管身体发烧不正常，但生活中也时有发生。)
disordered: a.混乱的，杂乱的；(精神或身体)有病的。
 • We couldn't understand her disordered presentation.   我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。
 • hehe, then I'd better face my belly downward the ground.
adj. 反常的，不规则的；变态的
 - unnatural, eccentric

Word: wry
Front: wry
[raɪ] (托宝 12279/10283 -1)
Vocabulary: wry
(once / 2005 pages)
1adj 2adj
A wry sense of humor is a sarcastic one. You were late for work, stepped into a mud puddle, and you forgot your lunch. If your co-worker asks how your morning is going, you can reply with a wry tone, "Perfectly perfect."
The original use for the adjective wry was to describe something that was bent or twisted, so a sprained ankle could be described as "a wry ankle." Today, the word wry is often used to describe less tangible twists. Wry humor and wry wit both describe a sense of humor that is a little twisted from the norm.
WORD FAMILY
wry: wried, wriest, wrily, wryer, wryest, wryly
USAGE EXAMPLES
A gentle and wry bow-tied lawyer and stalwart of countless civic boards, Tom Lewis wears his gentility lightly.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“Were-Monster” includes loads of callbacks and nods to superfans, but it was also the only revival episode that captured the wry humor of the series.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“When I first read the script I thought that’s the part to be, always wry and sardonic,” Fisher told a gathering in England in 2015.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 扭曲的，歪斜的; 嘲弄的; 错误的，处置不当的; 牵强附会的
vt. & vi. 歪曲，扭曲; 扭转
级别：wryer, wriest
分布：讽刺的(48%)，面部肌肉扭曲的(26%)，啼笑皆非的(26%)
→来自wer,弯，转，词源同wring,wriggle。引申义扭曲的，啼笑皆非的。
【反】straight（adj 直接的）；undeviating（adj 坚定不移的）；even（adj 平滑的）；true（adj 真实的）；direct（adj 径直的）
adjective [before noun]
■showing that you find a bad or difficult situation slightly funny 讽刺的；解嘲的
• a wry smile/comment 苦笑／解嘲般的评论
adj. 歪斜的，扭歪的；歪曲的
 - askew, contortive
vt. 扭曲；扭歪
 - distort, contort
vi. 扭曲；扭歪
 - distort

Word: waffle
Front: waffle
[ˈwɒfl] (宝 13320/22433 -1)
Vocabulary: waffle
(once / 5895 pages)
1n 2v
You might think of a waffle as a grid-patterned pancake-like food that's tasty with syrup, and you'd be right. But the word is also a verb that means to avoid making a definitive decision.
The verb waffle seems to have its origins in the 1690s as the word waff, "to yelp," possibly in imitation of the yelping of dogs. The word soon came to mean "to talk foolishly" and then eventually "to vacillate, to change." The food term waffle, as part of "waffle iron," appeared in 1794, a descendant of the Dutch word wafel, which comes from the same Germanic source as weave: it's easy to see the waffle pattern as similar to a woven fabric.
WORD FAMILY
waffle: waffled, waffler, waffles, waffling+/waffler: wafflers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“At first he promised to send back every illegal immigrant. Now he is waffling on that.”
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Howard said they see a close parallel in the Eggo waffle shortage of 2009, which deprived consumers of the frozen breakfast food for several months.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
He ends, by way of an excuse, with a corny dollop of patriotic waffle, an inspiring speech clearly half-cribbed from some star-splattered disaster movie.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 华夫饼; 无聊、含糊的话
vi. 胡扯
vt. 唠叨
时态：waffled, waffling, waffles
分布：华夫饼干(41%)，胡扯(30%)，闲聊(13%)，废话(10%)，无聊的话(6%)
→词源同weave,编织，引申义蜂窝，因这种饼干蜂窝状的外形而得名。waffle 胡扯，唠叨
【记】wa哇，ff，le乐：两个人在哇哇的乐，因为在胡扯
【反】speak unequivocally（清楚地说）
US ['wɑ:.fl] verb intransitive disapproving
■to talk or write a lot without giving any useful information or any clear answers 胡扯；含糊其词
• If you don't know the answer, it's no good just waffling (on) for pages and pages. 假如你不知道答案，一页接一页地乱写也没用。
UK ['wɒf.l] US ['wɑ:.fl] noun
CAKE 蛋糕
countable
■a thin light cake, the surface of which is formed into a pattern of raised squares, eaten especially in the US and Canada （尤指美国和加拿大的）蛋奶烘饼，松饼，窝夫
UK ['wɒf.l] US ['wɑ:.fl] noun
TALK 谈话
uncountable disapproving
■talk or writing that uses a lot of words but does not give any useful information 胡扯；含糊其词
• "What did he say?" "Oh, it was a load of waffle - nothing important at all." “他说了些甚么？”“噢，一堆废话──根本没甚么重要的。”
n. [食品] 华夫饼干；动听而无意义的话；无聊话
 - small change, wish-wash
vi. 胡扯；闲聊
 - chat about, make conversation

Word: altruism
Front: altruism
[ˈæltruɪzəm] (托宝 15638/15309)
Vocabulary: altruism
(once / 3397 pages)
n
If you see a stranger getting beaten up on the playground and you rush in to rescue them, you have done something unselfish to help another person, otherwise known as an act of altruism.
Use the noun altruism to refer to feelings or actions that show an unselfish concern for other people. In science, altruism refers to animal behavior that could be harmful to the animal itself but that contributes to the survival of the animal group. It's related to the adjective altruistic. Someone known for their altruism is an altruist.
WORD FAMILY
altruism: altruisms, altruist+/altruist: altruistic, altruists/ altruistic: altruistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The very nature of the term "getting ahead" implies that it isn't on the same level as altruism.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
But what happens when those extremists who advocate a bizarre morality that elevates selfishness and deplores altruism commandeer one of our two major political parties?
Salon(Dec 11, 2016)
“Altruism and egotism are the same thing,” she says.
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 利他主义，无私; 爱他主义; 利人主义
分布：利他(60%)，利他主义(40%)
→alter, 异，他人。-ism, 主义，见Marxist.
【参】altruist（n 无私的人）；altruistic（adj 无私的）
【反】egoism（n 自我主义）；egocentric（n 利己主义者）
noun uncountable
■willingness to do things which bring advantages to other people, even if it results in disadvantage for yourself 利他主义；无私
• She's not known for her altruism. 她并不是一个无私的人。

Word: advisor
Front: advisor
[əd'vaɪzə] (5896/8836)
Vocabulary: advisor
(once / 2954 pages)
n
An advisor is a person who gives advice or leads a group, like an advisor to the school yearbook club, guiding its members in putting together the pages, but not doing the work for them.
There are many situations in life when you may choose to seek the guidance of an advisor: a financial advisor can help you figure out what to do with all your money when you win the lottery, a tax advisor can help you pay the taxes on that money, a career advisor can counsel you in figuring out your dream job now that money is no object, and a travel advisor can help you decide where to spend vacation.
WORD FAMILY
advisor: advisors+/ advisable: advisability, advisabler, advisablest, advisably, inadvisable, unadvisable/ advise: advisable, advised, advisee, advisement, adviser, advises, advising, advisor, advisory, misadvise/advised: advisedly, ill-advised, unadvised/advisee: advisees/advisement: advisements/ adviser: advisers/ advisory: advisories/ inadvisable: inadvisability, inadvisably/misadvise: misadvised, misadvising/unadvisable: unadvisably/unadvised: unadvisedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
They say other Explorer scouts reported Ceballos to a deputy serving as an Explorer advisor and that started an investigation.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
One of the government’s top economic advisors compared the disruption to Hurricane Katrina’s effect on New Orleans, saying the economy would eventually rebuild.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Jabouri said he was working with an American advisor near the front line Thursday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 顾问，劝告者; <美>（指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授
分布：顾问(100%)
n. 顾问；指导教师；劝告者
 - don, consultant, counselor

Word: acrimonious
Front: acrimonious
[ˌækrɪˈməʊniəs] (托宝 20973/18668 -1)
Vocabulary: acrimonious
(once / 7036 pages)
adj
Locked in a mean-spirited, bitter argument? That's an acrimonious situation that might result in fists flying unless you and your opponent can cool down.
If you're familiar with the adjective acrid, which means "having a strongly unpleasant taste or smell," you might guess that acrimonious probably refers to something unpleasant, too. And you'd be right. Until the mid-nineteenth century, acrimonious meant the same thing as acrid. But while acrid is still most commonly used in a literal sense (as in "an acrid odor"), acrimonious is now used to describe things like angry and bitter speeches or debates. Both words come to English from the Latin word acer, meaning "sharp." Keep sharp objects locked up if a showdown gets too acrimonious.
WORD FAMILY
acrimonious: acrimoniously+/ acrimony: acrimonies, acrimonious
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was an acrimonious separation, with Patty later describing him as "a selfish child who never grew up".
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
In a time of increased partisanship and acrimonious dialogue, Michigan’s leaders - elected and otherwise - must start anew in 2017 with the intent to work together.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Dinners with my Republican relatives were acrimonious, especially when my oldest brother turned into a staid doctor, raising four kids in the Midwest like Dad.
Salon(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 辛辣的; 严厉的，刻薄的; 剧烈的
分布：激烈的(38%)，刻薄的(28%)，尖刻的(20%)，辛辣的(14%)
【反】harmonious（adj 和谐的）
US [-'moʊ-] formal
adjective
■full of anger, arguments and bad feeling 激烈的；尖刻的；充满火药味的
• an acrimonious dispute 激烈的争论
• Their marriage ended eight years ago in an acrimonious divorce. 八年前，他们的婚姻以闹得十分难堪的离婚收场。
adj. 严厉的；辛辣的；刻薄的
 - severe, tight, hard, harsh, acid

Word: alloy
Front: alloy
[ˈælɔɪ] (研四六托雅 11808/10493 -1)
Vocabulary: alloy
(once / 1770 pages)
nv
You may have heard of aluminum alloy on a car. What that means is that there is another metal mixed in with the aluminum, to save money and/or to strengthen the wheels. The wheels are an alloy (a mix), rather than pure.
In addition to indicating a dilution of one metal with another, alloy can refer to the dilution of a feeling or a quality. Knowing that you look awesome in your Halloween costume would be an alloy to the embarrassment of showing up to a party where you are the only one in a costume.
WORD FAMILY
alloy: alloyed, alloying, alloys+/alloyed: unalloyed/unalloyed: unalloyedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The ballroom’s gilt is composition leaf, a copper alloy with only trace amounts of gold, a variation of which gilders call brass leaf.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Most tellingly, Mr Larsen’s samples contained iron and nickel alloys common in micrometeorites, but rare in Earth-bound rocks because these metals oxidise rapidly.
Economist(Dec 10, 2016)
An Auburn University engineering professor in Alabama worked on the precision measurements necessary to reformulate the engine’s aluminum alloy.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 合金; （合金中的）劣等金属; 搀杂品; 成色
v. 合铸，熔合（金属）; 铸成合金; 在…中搀以杂质，使（金属）减低成色
时态：alloyed, alloying, alloys
分布：合金(98%)，使成合金(1%)，有合金能力(1%)
→前缀al-同ad-. -loy同词根lig, 绑，组合。特指把贵金属和贱金属合在一起冶炼。
n.合金vt.将...铸成合金The alliance enhanced the reliability of the applicable alloy appliances.盟友增强了适用的合金用具的可靠性.
【区】allay：lay躺－减轻alloy：o象钢圈－合金alley：e曲里拐弯的－胡同unalloyed（adj 纯粹的）
noun countable /ˈæl.ɔɪ/
■a metal that is made by mixing two or more metals, or a metal and another substance 合金
• Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. 黄铜是铜与锌的合金。
verb transitive /əˈlɔɪ/ literary
■to spoil or reduce in value 损坏；使（价值）降低；影响
• My pleasure in receiving the letter was somewhat alloyed by its contents. 我收到这封信时的喜悦在读过信后蒙上一层阴影。
n. [材] 合金
 - composition metal

Word: complicit
Front: complicit
[kəmˈplɪsɪt] (-/41716)
Back: adj. 有同谋关系的，串通一气的
分布：串通一气的(82%)，同谋的(18%)

Word: captivity
Front: captivity
[kæpˈtɪvəti] (托 10594/10112 -1)
Vocabulary: captivity
(once / 750 pages)
n
Captivity is the condition of being trapped or confined. Animals that are kept in zoos are in captivity.
A prisoner is in captivity, and a kidnapping victim is also in captivity. If you catch a firefly and keep it in a jar, its life will be one of captivity until you let it go. When you're imprisoned or enslaved, you're captive. Both words come from a Latin source, captivus, "caught" or "taken prisoner," from the root capere, "to take, hold, or seize."
WORD FAMILY
captivity: captivities+/ captivate: captivated, captivates, captivating, captivation/ captivating: captivatingly/captivation: captivations/ captive: captivate, captives, captivity
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are many uncertainties, such as whether the small sea mammal would even survive captivity.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Pandas in the wild generally live to be about 20, but often survive longer in captivity.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Selling snake venom is profitable in parts of India, where keeping protected wildlife in captivity is illegal.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 被俘; 囚禁; 束缚
分布：囚禁(72%)，被俘(15%)，束缚(13%)
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■when a person or animal is kept somewhere and is not allowed to leave 关押；囚禁
• All the hostages, when released from captivity, looked remarkably fit and well. 人质被释放后看上去居然都很健康。
• Animals bred in captivity would probably not survive if they were released into the wild. 在樊笼里饲养的动物如果被放归到野生环境中很可能无法生存。
n. 囚禁；被关
 - embarment, incage

Word: coy
Front: coy
[kɔɪ] (宝 17006/14145 -1)
Vocabulary: coy
(once / 2112 pages)
adj
Take the adjective coy for a person who pretends to be shy but really isn't, or someone who could give a definite answer but won't. Coy behavior can be playful or just plain annoying.
Originally meaning "quiet and shy," today someone who is coy pretends to be shy in a playful manner — often as a form of flirting. If a politician is coy about something, he or she only gives vague statements on an issue for fear of committing to a position or angering his or her constituency. Common to both of these senses is the fact that a person uses coyness to subtly manipulate his or her audience.
WORD FAMILY
coy: coily, coyer, coyest, coyly, coyness+/coyness: coynesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some of them struck me as coy and wide-eyed.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Intelligence agencies are coy about exact figures, but an average operation on just one person might require anything from 25 to 40 people.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
“One of the things that really strikes me about American art is that it’s often overwhelmed with this coy, joking, ironic tone,” Leigh says.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 腼腆的; 忸怩作态的; 献媚的
分布：腼腆的(55%)，怕羞的(28%)，羞怯的(17%)
→词源同quiet, 安静的。
【记】co全部，y国人：周围全部是外国人，唉！口语太差，只好故作忸怩了，没准儿那个老外慧眼识珍珠，就不用考试了。男生就没有那么好运了。悲哀！！！看上去比较弱智的boy就会coy！
adjective
SECRET 神秘的
■intentionally keeping something secret 故作神秘的；遮遮掩掩的；含糊其词的
• She's very coy about her age. 她对自己的年龄遮遮掩掩。
[kɔɪ] adjective
MODEST 谦虚的
■(especially of women) being or pretending to be shy, modest or childish , or to have no confidence （尤指女性）害羞的，腼腆的，忸怩作态的
• She gave me a coy look from under her schoolgirl's fringe. 她透过她那学生式的浏海羞答答地瞥了我一眼。
adj. 腼腆的；忸怩作态的；怕羞的
 - bashful, cutesy
vt. 爱抚
 - daut, dawt

Word: cryptography
Front: cryptography
[krɪpˈtɒgrəfi] (29278/-)
Back: n. 密码使用法，密码系统，密码术
分布：密码术(55%)，密码系统(45%)
→crypto-,隐藏，-graphy,写，记录。

Word: deceased
Front: deceased
[dɪˈsi:st] (8522/9817 -1)
Vocabulary: deceased
(once / 644 pages)
nadj
When someone is deceased, they are dead — not dying or even just about to die. They are dead.
The word deceased has been around since the 15th century, however, when people talk of someone's having died, they rarely use deceased in conversation. For example, if you ask someone how their dog is and their dog is recently deceased, they'll most likely use a less technical phrase such as "no longer with us," or "passed away." The word deceased is more formal, and most often used in the documentation of death or in legal situations, as in "we are here to read the will of the deceased."
WORD FAMILY
decease: deceased, deceases, deceasing, decedent, predecease +/ decedent: decedents/ predecease: predeceased, predeceases, predeceasing
USAGE EXAMPLES
I sometimes replay childhood conversations with my father, long deceased.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Spokane Police said in a news release that officers responded to the call of two people found deceased Thursday afternoon.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The deceased homeowner, a longtime youth sports coach, in 2009 denied killing anyone.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. <法，正>已故的，已死的
n. 死者
v. 死，死亡(decease的过去式和过去分词)
分布：已故的(93%)，动词decease的过去式和过去分词.(7%)
[dɪ'si:st] formal
adjective
■dead 警方被责令向两名死亡儿童的家人支付巨额赔偿金。
• the recently deceased Member of Parliament 最近去世的议员
[dɪ'si:st] formal
plural noun
the deceased
■a person who has recently died or people who have recently died 新近去世的人；亡故者
• The deceased shot her mother before killing herself. 死者先向她母亲开了枪，然后自杀身亡。
• Five of the deceased were employed by the club. 死者中有五位是该俱乐部的雇员。
adj. 已故的
 - late
n. 死者； [法] 被继承人
 - dead, ancestor

Word: conceptual
Front: conceptual
[kənˈseptʃuəl] (托 5522/5871 -1)
Vocabulary: conceptual
(once / 8035 pages)
adj
Something is conceptual when it deals primarily with abstract or original thoughts. A conceptual plan is one in an early stage. To make it work, you'll need to flesh out the details.
Conceptual art is art in which the concept seems more important than the physical aspects of the artwork. In New York's Museum of Modern Art, you can see Marcel DuChamp's conceptual piece, "Bicycle Wheel," which is a bicycle wheel mounted on a stool. Why is this art? The concept, or idea, behind it is that everyday objects become art when looked at outside of their uses. In general, when something is conceptual it takes a bit of thought to figure it out.
WORD FAMILY
conceptual: conceptualise, conceptualism, conceptuality, conceptually+/ conceivable: conceivability, conceivableness, conceivably, inconceivable / conceive: conceivable, conceived, conceiver, conceives, conceiving, conceptive, misconceive, preconceive/conceived: ill-conceived /conceiver: conceivers/ concept: conceive, conception, concepts, conceptual, conceptualize / conception: conceptional, conceptions/conceptualise: conceptualisation/conceptualism: conceptualistic/conceptualization: conceptualizations/ conceptualize: conceptualization, conceptualized, conceptualizes, conceptualizing/inconceivability: inconceivabilities/ inconceivable: inconceivability, inconceivableness, inconceivably/misconceive: misconceived, misconceives, misconceiving, misconception / misconception: misconceptions/preconceive: preconceived, preconceives, preconception/preconception: preconceptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kiffin also showed Sports Illustrated a personality assessment that profiled him as a conceptual thinker.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
What about the plan changed to win the board’s conceptual approval?
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
A conceptual deal between electric utilities and their competitors is signaling that lawmakers are close to rewriting 2008 energy laws.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 观念的，概念的
分布：概念的(100%)
【反】concrete（adj 具体的；n 混凝土）
adjective
■based on ideas or principles 观念上的；构思的；概念上的
• The main weakness of the proposal is conceptual. 这项提议的主要不足是在构思方面。

Word: disengagement
Front: disengagement
[ˌdɪsɪn'ɡeɪdʒmənt] (16719/26038)
Back: n. 脱离; 解开; 解脱; 解除婚约
分布：解脱(65%)，空闲(15%)，脱离战斗(10%)，解除婚约(10%)
N-UNCOUNT
脱离;分离
Disengagement is a process by which people gradually stop being involved in a conflict, activity, or organization.
例：This policy of disengagement from the European war had its critics.这项从欧洲战场抽身退出的政策遭到了非议。
n. 脱离；分开
 - separation, secession

Word: demo
Front: demo
[ˈdeməʊ] (12334/12819 -1)
Vocabulary: demo
(once / 4132 pages)
nv
A demo is what you give to show how something works. You might give a demo of your fancy new espresso machine to your weekend guests, so they'll know how to use it.
Demo is short for demonstrate or demonstration. It can be a verb, as when a tech company demos its new tablet or laptop. It's also a noun: "The demo of that software was pretty interesting." In the music industry, a demo is a practice version of a song, meant to show a record label or music venue what a performer's music sounds like. This meaning's been around since the 1960s, while earlier it meant "a political demonstration."
WORD FAMILY
demo: demoed, demoing, demos
USAGE EXAMPLES
It will be demoing the final design of a gizmo that lets you control smartphones and tablets with a wave of a hand.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
But before he left, he played the demo version of Careless Whisper on his final night.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Then, this spring, he sent Mike a demo of a song he called “Ocala.”
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 演示; 示威; 样本唱片; 民主党员
分布：演示(97%)，样本唱片(3%)
US [-oʊ] noun countable (plural demos)
MARCH 行进 UK informal for
■ demonstration (= a political march) 示威游行
• I went on lots of demos as a student. 我在学生时代参加过很多次游行。
UK ['dem.əʊ] US [-oʊ] noun countable (plural demos)
EXAMPLE
■an example of a product, especially a computer program or piece of recorded music, given or shown to someone to try to make them buy it 样本；（尤指电脑程式或音乐的）试用版，样带
• a software demo 试用版软体
• A team of music industry figures will select bands and soloists from demo tapes. 一组音乐界业内人士将从样带中挑选乐队和独唱演员。
■informal for
■ demonstration (= when you show people how something works or how to do something) 示范；演示
• a cookery demo 烹饪示范
UK ['dem.əʊ] US [-oʊ] verb transitive
■to show something and explain how it works, or to show or produce a demo 演示，展示，示范
• to demo a new piece of software 示范一种新软体
• They've just completed a Christmas single and are also demoing lots of new songs. 他们刚刚完成了一首圣诞节单曲，并且正在试唱很多新歌。
n. 演示；样本唱片；示威；民主党员
 - presentment

Word: disentangle
Front: disentangle
[ˌdɪsɪnˈtæŋgl] (宝 21565/14360)
Vocabulary: disentangle
(once / 3570 pages)
v
When you disentangle something, you free it from a snarl or tangle. If you have long hair and pierced ears, you've probably had to disentangle an earring from a curl of hair.
Something that becomes tangled or twisted needs someone to disentangle it — you might disentangle your kitten from a length of yarn, or disentangle your jacket from a thorny bush when you're hiking through the woods. You can also disentangle someone figuratively, helping them get out of an uncomfortable or difficult situation. Tangle is at the heart of disentangle, from the fourteenth century word tagilen, "to involve in a difficult situation."
WORD FAMILY
disentangle: disentangled, disentanglement, disentangler, disentangles, disentangling+/disentanglement: disentanglements/disentangler: disentanglers/ entangle: disentangle, entangled, entanglement, entangles, entangling/entanglement: entanglements/ tangle: entangle, tangled, tangles, tangling, untangle/untangle: untangled, untangles, untangling/untangling: untanglings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Disentangling legitimate grievances from the intolerant aspects of populist protest is no easy matter.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Disentangling every improper influence resulting from special treatment of Trump’s business holdings by foreign states would be impossible.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Britain is disentangling itself from the European Union.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 解开…的结; 理顺; 使解脱; 使脱出
时态：disentangled, disentangling, disentangles
分布：解开(59%)，松开(22%)，摆脱(19%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。entangle, 卷入，混乱。即解开混乱，解释，理解。
verb transitive
■to separate things that have become joined or confused 使脱离；使摆脱；分开；理顺，分清
• It's difficult to disentangle hard fact from myth, or truth from lies. 要分清事实与神话、真理与谎言并不是一件容易的事。
• I tried to disentangle the wires under my desk. 我试图将桌下缠在一起的电线分开。
vi. 解决；松开；解开纠结；解决（纠纷）
 - settle, work out, figure out
vt. 解开；松开；使解脱
 - unlash, unbind

Word: emblem
Front: emblem
[ˈembləm] (托 10014/11550 -1)
Vocabulary: emblem
(once / 653 pages)
n
An emblem is a design that stands for a group or a concept. If you’re Scottish, your family may have an emblem such as a coat of arms that symbolizes your heritage.
Many countries have national emblems, which often feature an animal or other elements that represent significant parts of the country’s history. A national emblem is often shown on flags or official documents such as passports. An emblem can also be an object that represents an idea. An expensive skyscraper could be an emblem of greed, for example, or the apple tree you planted in your backyard could be an emblem of hope.
WORD FAMILY
emblem: emblematic, emblematical, emblems+/ emblematic: emblematically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nintendo is planning mobile versions of its popular “Fire Emblem” and “Animal Crossing” games.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
At each transition, Jesus’ seeming defeat becomes an emblem of his power.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
For him, they are emblems of power and strength.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 象征，标记; 纹章，徽章; 标记，典型; 〈古〉寓意画
vt. 象征; 用象征表示; 用图案（符号）表示
分布：象征(67%)，徽章(33%)
→em-, 进入，使。-bl, 扔，掷，镶嵌，词源同ballistic, problem, symbol.
【源】源于emboss凸（boss的凸肚子），可以作为明显的标志
【参】emblematic（adj 象征性的；标记的）＝symbolic＝representative
noun countable
■a picture of an object which is used to represent a particular person, group or idea 象征；标志；符号；徽章
• A rose is the national emblem of England. 玫瑰是英国的标志。
sign, emblem, symbol, token, attribute, mark, signal, badge
这组词都有“标志、象征、符号”的意思，其区别是：
sign: 普通用词，指人们公认事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。
emblem: 指选定象征一个国家、民族或家庭等的图案或实物。
symbol: 指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。
token: 语气庄重，指礼品、纪念物等作为表示友谊、爱情等的象征或标志。
attribute: 指人或物及其地位、属性的象征。
mark: 普通用词，含义广泛。既可指方便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于他事物的特征。
signal: 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。
badge: 一般指金属证章或写有姓名的带状标志物。
n. 象征；徽章；符号
 - symbol, significant, mark, indication
vt. 象征；用符号表示；用纹章装饰
 - indicate, image, figure

Word: edict
Front: edict
[ˈi:dɪkt] (宝 15238/18967 -1)
Vocabulary: edict
(once / 971 pages)
n
If your mom orders you to clean your room, that's an order. If the king asks you to do it, that's an edict — an official order from some higher up.
Edict comes from the Latin editcum, meaning a "proclamation, or ordinance." Although it was originally used to describe a declaration or command from a king or other governing official, in more recent years it has come to be used almost sarcastically to describe any order. When your teacher says the report is due Monday morning, no exceptions, you know you'll be hitting the books this weekend — this is an edict you cannot ignore.
WORD FAMILY
edict: edicts
USAGE EXAMPLES
That edict was blocked in August by another federal judge in Texas.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The menu arrives in a sealed parchmentlike envelope, like a royal edict.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But handwritten notes, recently discovered by Rubashkin’s attorneys, prove there was a meeting at which the prosecutors imposed their “No Rubashkins” edict.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 法令; 告示
分布：法令(68%)，布告(32%)
→e-, 向外。-dict, 说，命令，词源同dictionary ,dictator.
法令;布告(e出+dict说→说出→布告、法令)[dict,dic=say,assert,表示"说话,断言"]
【记】e出，dict说－说出命令
【区】addict（vt 使沉溺；n 有瘾的人）
['i:.dɪkt] formal
noun countable
■an official order, especially one which is given in a forceful and unfair way 法令，命令
• Most shops are ignoring the government's edict against Sunday trading. 大多数商店对政府禁止星期天营业的法令都置之不理。
n. 法令；布告
 - notice, act, ordinance

Word: enmity
Front: enmity
[ˈenməti] (托宝 17158/19211)
Vocabulary: enmity
(once / 751 pages)
n
Enmity means intense hostility. If you're a football fanatic, you feel enmity for your opposing team.
Enmity comes from the same Latin root as enemy, and means the state of being an enemy. If you have always hated someone, you have a history of enmity with that person. Enmity is stronger than antagonism or animosity, which imply competitive feeling but don't go all the way to enemy status. Hopefully you are a peacemaker and don't experience too much enmity in your life.
WORD FAMILY
enmity: enmities, inimical +/ inimical: inimically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Certainly there was personal enmity between Hamilton and the bankrupt “voluptuary” he called Burr.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
His visit seemed to confirm the Cuban revolution’s survival after bitter US enmity, although Trump may try to turn the clock back.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Critics of Mr. Karagodin and Memorial say that pointing fingers over the past revives old enmities and creates fissures in society.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 仇恨; 敌意; 敌视; 敌对的状态
分布：敌意(72%)，不和(15%)，憎恨(13%)
→词源同enemy, inimical.
敌意,仇恨(en进入＋am+ity→合成enmity,爱太多的成为恨)[am,amor,amat=love,表示"爱,情爱"]
【记】enemy（n 敌人；[集合名词]敌军）；inimical（adj 敌意的）
【区】amity（n 友好；亲善）ami我家的大花猫阿眯
【反】camaraderie（n 同志之爱；友情）；comity（n 礼让；礼仪；团结）；concord（n 和谐一致；和睦）
US [-tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
■a feeling of hate 仇恨，怨恨；敌意
• She denied any personal enmity towards him. 她否认自己对他怀有任何私怨。
• Bitter historical enmities underlie the present violence. 不共戴天的宿怨是现今暴力冲突的根源。
n. 敌意；憎恨
 - despite, hate, hatred, hostility

Word: dummy
Front: dummy
[ˈdʌmi] (宝 11288/9900 -1)
Vocabulary: dummy
(once / 2139 pages)
nadjv
Have you ever seen an entertainer make a doll look like it’s talking? The entertainer is using a dummy — a doll made to look like a person.
A dummy is a type of doll that looks like a person. Entertainers called ventriloquists can make dummies appear to talk. The automobile industry uses dummies in cars to study how safe cars are during a crash. A dummy can also be anything that looks real but doesn’t work: a fake. Actors in a play might use certain props that are dummies, such as a dummy laptop. Dummy is also an insult used to mean “an ignorant person.”
WORD FAMILY
dummy: dummied, dummies, dummying
USAGE EXAMPLES
College scout teams consist of scholarship players who are buried on the depth chart and walk-ons who volunteer to be tackling dummies.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Riley exhibited the proper form: lowering his shoulder, wrapping his arms around the dummy, then wrestling it to the ground.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The answer is that this was a pop-culture proxy war against Clinton, a dummy run.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 仿制品; 沉默寡言的人; 笨蛋，蠢货; 挂名代表，傀儡
vt. 制作样本，制作样张; 不吭声，缄口; 〈美俚〉装聋作哑; 替别人占领土地
adj. 假的; 摆样子的，做样品的; 挂名的; 虚设的
时态：dummied, dummying, dummies
分布：假人(39%)，傀儡(14%)，假的(13%)，哑巴(13%)，仿制品(9%)，笨蛋(8%)，仿造的(3%)，保密(1%)
→来自dumb, 哑的。用于指仿制品。
noun countable
MODEL 模特
■a large model of a human, especially one used to show clothes in a shop （尤指商店里用来展示服装的）人体模型
• a shop dummy 商店用的人体模型
• a ventriloquist's dummy 口技表演者用的假人
['dʌm.i] noun countable
NOT REAL 不真的
■something that is not real and is used for practice or to deceive 仿制品；冒牌货，假货
• The device is not a real bomb but a dummy. 这颗炸弹不是真的，只是一个仿制品。
■(in some sports, especially football) when you pretend to hit the ball in a particular direction but do not, in order to deceive the other players （尤指足球等体育项目中的）假动作，假传球
['dʌm.i] noun countable
FOR BABY 婴儿用 UK (US pacifier)
■a smooth rubber or plastic object that is given to a baby to suck in order to comfort it and make it stop crying 橡皮奶嘴，橡皮奶头
['dʌm.i] noun countable
STUPID PERSON 蠢人 (US also dumbbell) informal
■a stupid or silly person 蠢人，傻瓜
• Only a dummy would ignore the safety warnings. 只有傻瓜才会对安全警告视而不见。
['dʌm.i] adjective [before noun]
■not real 假的，仿制的
• an enormous dummy perfume bottle in the shop window 商店橱窗里巨大的香水瓶模型
adj. 虚拟的；假的
 - virtual, spurious
n. 傀儡；哑巴；仿制品
 - fantoccini, figure-head

Word: leakage
Front: leakage
[ˈli:kɪdʒ] (六宝 14382/12742)
Back: n. 漏，漏出; 泄露; [商]漏损率，漏损量; 渗漏物，漏出量
分布：名词(100%)
→来自leak,泄漏。
【参】leakproof（adj 不会漏的）
noun countable or uncountable
LIQUID/GAS 液体或气体
■the act of leaking or the leak itself 泄漏；渗漏
• The leakage was traced to an oil pipe in the cellar. 泄漏来自地下室里的一根油管。
• A lot of water is wasted through leakage. 大量的水因泄漏而被浪费掉了。
['li:.kɪdʒ] noun countable or uncountable
INFORMATION 资讯
■making known secret information （秘密消息的）透露，泄露
n. 泄漏； [土壤] 渗漏物；漏出量
 - divulgation, giveaway

Word: lemon
Front: lemon
[ˈlemən] (高研四雅 3179/4583 -K2)
Vocabulary: lemon
(once / 550 pages)
1n 2n
A lemon is a sour yellow fruit. Squeeze one to make lemonade or add flavor to hot tea. Lemon is also what people call something that doesn’t work well, like a bum car.
You can use the word lemon for the evergreen tree whose blossoms become bright yellow fruit, or for the fruit itself — or even the color of the fruit. Lemons are originally from Asia, but they also grow well in the Mediterranean, Florida, and California. They like sunny places. Informally, you can also use lemon to mean "an unsatisfactory or poorly made example of something," so you could say, "Most Volvos are great, but this car is a lemon."
WORD FAMILY
lemon: lemonlike, lemons, lemony
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here, he drinks a cocktail called the Hudson Duster — rye, lemon juice, amaretto — and contemplates the cadence of the average Drynuary.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He seasons the brodo with fresh thyme stalks, lemon juice and salt.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Place the mixture in a bowl along with the oil, orange juice, vinegar and lemon juice.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 柠檬; 柠檬树; 柠檬黄
adj. 柠檬色的
分布：柠檬(97%)，柠檬色(2%)，令人讨厌的人(1%)
→来自波斯语limun,桔子，柠檬，词源同lime.
n.柠檬I like lemon in my tea.我喜欢红茶加柠檬.
noun
FRUIT 水果
 IMPROVER countable or uncountable
■an oval fruit which has a thick yellow skin and sour juice 柠檬
• For this recipe you need the juice of two lemons. 按照这份食谱，你需要两个柠檬的果汁。
• Would you like a slice of lemon in your tea? 你的茶里要放一片柠檬吗？
• lemon juice 柠檬汁
uncountable
■the juice of a lemon or a drink made from this juice 柠檬汁；柠檬饮料
['lem.ən] noun
COLOUR 颜色
uncountable
■a pale yellow colour 淡黄色，柠檬色
['lem.ən] noun
STUPID PERSON/THING 傻人或事
countable UK informal
■a very silly person 傻瓜
• I felt such a lemon when I discovered I'd missed my appointment. 我发现错过了约会时间，觉得自己真是太傻了。
countable mainly US informal
■something that does not work 有毛病的东西；不成功的东西
• Only one of his inventions turned out to be a lemon. 在他的几项发明中只有一项没有获得成功。
adj. 柠檬色的
 - citreous
n. [园艺] 柠檬
 - citrus limon

Word: hyperbole
Front: hyperbole
[haɪˈpɜ:bəli] (宝 17093/19099)
Vocabulary: hyperbole
(once / 5166 pages)
n
Praising your favorite sports team is one thing, but if you call the team the most incredible group of humans ever to walk the earth, then you're going overboard and indulging in hyperbole.
The hyper- in hyperbole means "beyond," so it's a good sign that the word has to do with going above and beyond what's necessary. Someone who gets hyperactive about something and ends up hyperventilating (breathing too hard) might be prone to the exaggerated style of speaking known as hyperbole. If you find yourself talking about the absolutely best (or worst) thing of all time, it's time to take it down a notch and cut down on the hyperbole.
WORD FAMILY
hyperbole: hyperboles, hyperbolic, hyperbolise, hyperbolize+/ hyperbolic: hyperbolically/hyperbolize: hyperbolized, hyperbolizes, hyperbolizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
And with a week between each game, few things on this planet are as susceptible to overreaction and hyperbole as America’s most popular professional sport.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Reactive hyperbole may not be the best posture from which to intelligently and strategically fight Trumpism.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
And one of Reagan’s top economists once knocked the idea that higher revenue would result as “hyperbole.”
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. <语>夸张法
分布：夸张法(100%)
→hyper-,超过的，向上的，-boll,扔，词源同ball,ballet,ballistic.即向上扔的，引申词义夸张。
夸张法(hyper+bole抛→活抛得高→夸张)[hyper-表示"超过,太多"]
【记】hyper过分，bole扔－扔得特牛－夸张法hyper高，bole＝ball：把ball踢得hyper－夸张法
【参】hyperactivity（n 活动过度；极度活跃）
【反】understatement（n 保守的陈述）
US [-'pɝ:-] noun uncountable formal
■a way of speaking or writing that makes someone or something sound bigger, better, more, etc. than they are 夸张法
• The blurb on the back of the book was full of the usual hyperbole - 'enthralling', 'fascinating' and so on. 这本书的封底广告宣传全部都是一些司空见惯的夸张词语：“引人入胜”、“令人着迷”等等。

Word: millimetre
Front: millimetre
[ˈmɪlimi:tə(r)] (四六 -/9848 -K1)
Back: n. 毫米
分布：毫米(100%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable (written abbreviation mm)
 IMPROVER
■a unit of length which is equal to 0.001 metres 毫米
n. 毫米；公厘
 - strich, milimetre

Word: miscreant
Front: miscreant
[ˈmɪskriənt] (宝 26021/33088)
Vocabulary: miscreant
(once / 2945 pages)
n
A miscreant is a person who is bad––who lies, breaks the law, yells at small puppies. It's a somewhat old-fashioned word, popular with old ladies shocked at having their purses stolen at the opera.
Miscreant, like lout, lecher, good-for-nothing — they're the words proper people use to condemn the improper. Improper people consult an entirely different thesaurus of condemnation, perhaps familiar to you but not possible to quote from in this PG-rated word blurb.
VOCABULARY SHOUT-OUT
Another "Miscreant" Sighting
A few weeks ago, we noted the unusual miscreant having its day as a descriptor for Chris Christie in coverage of politically motivated George Washington Bridge lane closures.
Now, we've just spotted this rare bird again. In Sunday's New York Times, investigative reporter and Money and Power: How Goldman Sachs Came to Rule the World author William D. Cohan used it to describe the wolf of The Wolf of Wall Street fame, Jordan Belfort.
Maybe it's those five Oscar nominations for "The Wolf of Wall Street," including for best picture, best director and best actor, but we seem to be in another of those moments in popular culture when Hollywood plies us with skewed answers about how Wall Street miscreants caused so much mayhem.
Astute vocabularians have likely already connected the Christie-Wolf dots to ferret out miscreant's meaning. It's a person who is bad, and not in the gray-area kind of way. The word's for law breakers, candy-from-baby stealers, and the guy who hits you up at a parent's funeral for a loan.
Miscreant's meaning might seem curious to morphology fans who recognize the Latin root "cred-" or "believe" inside the word. What do "being bad" and "believing" have in common? To connect those dots, we need to travel back to the 14th century, when miscreant first appeared in English. Then, it meant "non-believer" or "heretic," which, in those religion-heavy times, were synonymous with "lowest of the low."
Now, an absence of religious belief is tolerated, even if the behavior of miscreants rarely is.
WORD FAMILY
miscreant: miscreants
USAGE EXAMPLES
The judiciary, a clerical bastion, still defiantly insists on sentencing miscreants according to the old calendar.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
In its statement, it called Shiites “miscreants” and said, “What awaits them in the immediate future, Allah permitting, is more sorrowful and bitter.”
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Tech- and media-savvy bad guys go up against that most humble of miscreants: a pickpocket.
New York Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. 恶棍，歹徒
分布：恶棍(38%)，歹徒(21%)，极恶的(14%)，异端(9%)，邪道的(9%)，异端的(9%)
→来自古法语mescreant,信仰错误的人，不信基督的人，来自mis-,坏的，错的，-cre,信仰，信任，词源同credo,heart,credible.引申词义非基督徒，异教徒，不忠之人，后用于指恶棍，歹徒等。比较 heathen,pagan.
恶棍(mis+creant做事的人→做坏事的人)[mis-表示"错误,坏"]
恶棍(mis坏+crea相信;参考:credulous轻信的)[-ant 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"…人"3.表名词"…剂"]
【记】mis坏，creant＝create创造－创造出来的坏人
【参】misdeed（n 罪行）
【反】law-abiding individual（遵守法纪的人）；saint（n 圣人）
noun countable formal
■someone who behaves badly or does not obey rules 恶棍，无赖；歹徒
• We need tougher penalties to discourage miscreants. 我们需要更严厉的刑罚来惩戒无赖之徒。
adj. 异端的；邪道的；极恶的
 - enormous, heretical
n. 异端；恶棍；罪大恶极之人
 - tough, deviationism

Word: outpouring
Front: outpouring
[ˈaʊtpɔ:rɪŋ] (14250/19427)
Vocabulary: outpouring
(once / 3235 pages)
1n 2n
An outpouring is a gush, flow, or fast stream of something. An outpouring of lava from an active volcano would be a bad thing, but an outpouring of support from the community would be a very good thing.
A literal outpouring is something you can actually see, like an outpouring of water from a hose. It's actually more common to use outpouring figuratively, as in an outpouring of community support for a family of refugees or an outpouring of new work by a prolific artist. This noun dates from the fifteenth century, when it was first used to describe "a pouring out of spiritual things."
WORD FAMILY
outpouring: outpourings
USAGE EXAMPLES
It started as a spontaneous and very real outpouring of shock and grief over the killing.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Whether we become increasingly immune to pop legends passing away, or whether 2016’s outpourings of grief become a regular occurrence, remains to be seen.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
The outpouring of public sympathy for Reynolds only served to increase her fame.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 倾泄，流出，流露
分布：流露(72%)，涌现(23%)，动词outpour的现在分词形式.(5%)
US [-ˌpɔ:r.ɪŋ] noun countable
■an uncontrollable expression of strong feeling （强烈感情的）迸发，流露
• His death at the age of 35 has occasioned an outpouring of grief. 他35岁就英年早逝，令人痛惜不已。
■mainly humorous
■a very large number of things produced at the same time 喷涌；涌现
• Last year saw an outpouring of cookery books. 去年出版了大量烹饪方面的书。
n. 流露；流出；倾泄
 - issue, flux

Word: pianist
Front: pianist
[ˈpɪənɪst] (高托雅 8252/10127 -1)
Back: n. 钢琴家; 钢琴师; 钢琴演奏者
分布：钢琴家(100%)
→来自piano,钢琴。
noun countable
■someone who plays the piano 钢琴演奏者；钢琴家
• a concert pianist 音乐会的钢琴演奏者
• a jazz pianist 爵士乐钢琴家

Word: pervade
Front: pervade
[pəˈveɪd] (托雅宝 12043/11414 -1)
Vocabulary: pervade
(once / 643 pages)
v
To pervade means to be present throughout, to exist in every part of. If you have too many cats, the horrible smell of cat pee will pervade your house.
You can use pervade both for external things like smells and sickness, and for more internal things like feelings. For instance, you can say that a feeling of doom pervaded the army as they caught sight of the opposition’s superior forces. Despite efforts to prevent bullying, peer pressure and clique mentalities pervade the school environment.
WORD FAMILY
pervade: pervaded, pervades, pervading, pervasion, pervasive +/pervasion: pervasions/ pervasive: pervasively, pervasiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Experts say worker abuse pervades the poultry industry, but the monitoring situation is likely to get worse under Donald Trump’s administration.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
We learned to fear and rely on them in equal measure, let them pervade our lives even as we struggled with their omnipresence.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
This narrative holds that law enforcement is pervaded by racism, and that we are experiencing an epidemic of racially biased police shootings of black men.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: vt. 遍及，弥漫; 渗透，充满
时态：pervaded, pervading, pervades
分布：弥漫(47%)，遍及(28%)，蔓延(25%)
→per-,穿过，通过，-vad,走，词源同wade,invade.引申词义渗透，弥漫。
蔓延;普及(per全部+vad+e走→全部走遍→蔓延)[vadvas=go,表示"走"]
US [pɚ-] formal
verb transitive
■When qualities, characteristics or smells pervade a place or thing, they spread through it and are present in every part of it （特性或气味）渗透，弥漫，充满
• The film is a reflection of the violence that pervades American culture. 这部电影反映了充斥于美国文化中的暴力。
vt. 遍及；弥漫
 - suffuse

Word: odour
Front: odour
[ˈəʊdə(r)] (四六雅 -/6254 -1)
Back: n. 气味，臭气; 声望，名誉
分布：名词(100%)
US ['oʊ.dɚ] noun countable or uncountable slightly formal
■a smell, often one that is unpleasant （常指难闻的）气味；臭味
• Inside the room there was the unmistakable odour of sweaty feet. 房间里有一股明显的臭脚汗味。
• figurative The odour of hypocrisy hung about everything she said. 她说的每句话都假惺惺的。
smell, fragrance, incense, perfume, flavour, odour, scent
这组词都有“气味”的意思，其区别是：
smell: 普通用词，与odour很相近，中性词。可指好闻或不好闻或中性气味。
fragrance: 较正式的典雅用词，常指花妆品、花朵和香料等发出的令人感到新鲜、愉快的香味。
incense: 指香燃烧时发出的芳香的烟味。
perfume: 书面用词，指强烈、浓厚天然或人工制造的香气。
flavour: 指影响嗅觉、味觉的香气或香味，多用于指食物等独特的味。
odour: 书面中性词，侧重气味本身的本质，既可指令人愉快的气味，也可指令人作呕难闻气味。
scent: 与smell很接近，但着重某物质或物体所特有的气味，多指好闻的气味。
n. 气味；声誉
 - smell, wind, odor, prestige