Title: TheEconomist_8K-1W

Word: violin
Front: violin
[ˌvaɪəˈlɪn] (中高研四六 6665/7097 -2)
Back: n. 小提琴; 小提琴手
分布：小提琴(100%)
→来自viola,中提琴，-in,小词后缀。
n.小提琴By the biography, the biologist's playing the violet violin violently violated rules.据传记记载,生物学家猛奏紫罗兰色的小提琴违犯了规矩.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a wooden musical instrument with four strings which is held against the neck and played by moving a bow across the strings 小提琴
n. 小提琴；小提琴手
 - fiddle

Word: unavoidable
Front: unavoidable
[ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbl] (六 11557/9575 -1)
Vocabulary: unavoidable
(once / 1294 pages)
adj
Use the adjective unavoidable to describe something that you can't escape or avoid. Going to your family reunion is unavoidable if there's no way for you to get out of it.
Obligations are unavoidable, since they are responsibilities that have to be honored. Letting your grandmother pinch your cheek is unavoidable, and paying your rent is also unavoidable. As you get older, it's unavoidable that your knees will get stiffer — there is no way to avoid having this happen. Unavoidable comes from the verb avoid, which is rooted in the Anglo-French avoider, "to clear out or withdraw oneself."
WORD FAMILY
unavoidable: unavoidability, unavoidably+/ avoid: avoidable, avoidance, avoided, avoiding, avoids/ avoidable: avoidably, unavoidable /avoidance: avoidances
USAGE EXAMPLES
Anslow says he wanted the confronting distress of the reports to be just as unavoidable for those walking past.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
But the photographic evidence of these past 10 months is unavoidable.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
And then the unavoidable truth: Joe is on the autism spectrum.
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 不可避免的，不得已的; 不能废除的，不能废除的，不能取消的; 必不可免; 不免
分布：不可避免的(100%)
不可避免的(un不+avoid+able)[vac,van,void=empty表示"空"]
adjective
■impossible to avoid 无法避免的
adj. 不可避免的；不能废除的
 - inevitable, inescapable

Word: subsistence
Front: subsistence
[səbˈsɪstəns] (托宝 10237/9101 -1)
Vocabulary: subsistence
(once / 1035 pages)
n
Subsistence means the minimal resources that are necessary for survival. If you work for subsistence, you'll probably receive food, water, and lodging (internet access not included).
Subsistence can be used in a variety of subtly different ways. In addition to referring to necessities for survival, it can indicate one's means of obtaining those necessities (usually a job). And if you feel like getting philosophical, subsistence can refer to the very act of existence itself.
WORD FAMILY
subsistence: subsistences+/ subsist: subsisted, subsistence, subsister, subsisting, subsists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Environmental groups oppose the mine, as do many native residents who rely on the fish as a subsistence food.
Reuters(Dec 21, 2016)
Warfare, forced relocations, slavery, suppression of traditional subsistence activities, and the dismantling of social structures and cultural practices all contributed substantially to depopulation.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
It also suggests that halfway houses stop charging residents 25 percent of their income for subsistence fees.
Washington Post(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 存活，生存; 生计，维生之道
分布：生存(74%)，生计(16%)，存在(10%)
→subsist,维持生活，度日，-ence,名词后缀。
生存,生计(subsist+ence)[sist=stand表示"站立"]
[səb'sɪs.tənts] formal
noun uncountable
■the state of having what you need in order to stay alive, but no more 赖以维持生活的东西；生计
• The money is intended to provide a basic subsistence and should not be paid to someone who receives other income. 这些钱旨在提供基本生活必需品，不应发放给有其他收入来源的人。
• The family were living at subsistence level. 这家人过着勉强糊口的生活。
■enough money or food to keep yourself alive 生计，生活需用（有足够的钱或粮食维持生活）
n. 生活；生存；存在
 - life, existence, presence, entity, living

Word: tung
Front: tung
[tʊŋ] (-/18161)
Back: n. 桐树
分布：油桐树(100%)
n. 桐；桐树
 - paulownia, candlenut

Word: wandering
Front: wandering
['wɒndərɪŋ] (16302/18757)
Back: adj. 漫游的; 闲逛的; （精神）恍惚的; 错乱的
n. 流浪; 神志恍惚; 精神错乱
v. 漫游( wander的现在分词 ); 走神; 神志恍惚; （思想）开小差
分布：漫游(69%)，漫游的(19%)，偏离正轨(4%)，流离的(4%)，动词wander的现在分词.(4%)
ADJ
流浪的;漂泊的
Wandering is used to describe people who travel around rather than staying in one place for a long time.
例：...a band of wandering musicians.一群漂泊的音乐人
adj. 流浪的；漫游的，徘徊的；蜿蜒的
 - ragamuffinly, migratory
n. 闲逛；离题；神志恍惚
 - fooling around, off the point
v. 漫游；闲逛（wander的ing形式）
 - gallivanting

Word: bazaar
Front: bazaar
[bəˈzɑ:(r)] (六宝 15634/12205 -1)
Vocabulary: bazaar
(once / 1438 pages)
n
A bazaar is a market that has rows and rows of little shops selling miscellaneous stuff — like tube socks, velvet paintings, and corn on the cob.
Bazaar is originally a Persian word, and means "marketplace" all over the Middle East. The word was picked up by the Italians, and spread through Europe and into English. At a bazaar in Istanbul, you'd find food, electronics, clothes — useful stuff. In English, we tend to use bazaar for something closer to a flea market. Although they sound alike, bazaar has no relation to bizarre (the super weird).
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
bazaar / bizarre
Bazaar and bizarre might sound alike but a bazaar is a market and bizarre describes something kooky. There could be a bizarre bazaar run by monkeys selling people feet.
A bazaar is usually a market in the Middle East. Picture lots of booths with merchants selling their wares. It's crowded, with haggling going on all around and pungent smells from the food vendors. Istanbul's Grand Bazaar is a good example. The American version of a bazaar is quite tame by comparison. It's a temporary (usually a day or two) market offering various goods for sale for a charitable cause, such as a church or school. Here are some examples of both:
Abdul Halim, an Afghan Special Forces sergeant, happened to be passing through the bazaar in his truck. (New York Times)
Arab Festival: Food, coffeehouse, children's activities, fashion show, bazaar, performances, panel discussions, noon-7 p.m. (Seattle Times)
Cochise College Adult Education will host a craft bazaar fundraiser from 10 am to 3 pm Wednesday, Nov. 17 at the Sierra Vista Campus. (Sierra Vista Herald)
The other half of our word pair, bizarre, is an adjective meaning strange or very unusual, wacky, odd:
Cain's bizarre ad had mustached campaign manager Mark Block blowing cigarette smoke at the camera. (New York Times)
The video, which was posted days ago but gained Internet traction on Tuesday, was called "bizarre" and "strange" in some media reports. (Reuters)
The only reason you might get bazaar and bizarre mixed up is that they sound the same. You won't find them together often, unless you're in the market for some human toes.
WORD FAMILY
bazaar: bazaars
USAGE EXAMPLES
Perhaps her anxieties about acting are what prevent her from generating projects, hawking her wares at the bazaar.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
The local bazaar, on dusty land east of the river, was a no-go zone — full-on enemy turf.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The historic Times Square theater was transformed into a bazaar inspired by its current show, “Mother Africa: My Home.”
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 街市，市场; 百货商店; 义卖，义卖市场
分布：市集(62%)，商场(32%)，义卖的地方(6%)
→来自波斯语，集市，现指超市，印度各地可见Big Bazaar。
【记】源自波斯语，原指东方国家的大集市，今天的中国新疆一带仍把集市叫”巴扎”
US [-'zɑ:r] noun countable
■an area of small shops and people selling things, especially in the Middle East and South Asia, or any group of small shops or people selling goods of the same type （尤指中东和印度的）市场，市集
■an event where people sell things to raise money, especially for an organization which helps other people 义卖
• a Christmas bazaar 圣诞义卖
n. 集市；市场；义卖市场
 - exchanges, mart, plaza

Word: chelsea
Front: chelsea
[ˈtʃelsi] (-/4392)
Back: n. 切尔西（伦敦自治城市，为文艺界人士聚居地）
分布：为文艺界人士聚居地)(50%)，切尔西(伦敦自治城市(50%)

Word: commando
Front: commando
[kəˈmɑ:ndəʊ] (11443/7438 -1)
Back: n. 突击队，突击队员; [史]（南非布尔战争时代的）义勇队
分布：名词(100%)
→来自南非荷兰语布尔战争用语，词源同command, 命令。
US [-'mæn.doʊ] (plural commandos or commandoes)
noun countable
■(a member of) a small group of soldiers that are specially trained to make attacks on enemy areas which are very dangerous or difficult to attack 突击队（队员）
UK [kə'mɑ:n.dəʊ] US [-'mæn.doʊ] (plural commandos or commandoes)
noun countable
go commando informal
■to not wear any underwear 不穿内衣
n. 突击队，突击队员
 - ranger, stande

Word: fated
Front: fated
[ˈfeɪtɪd] (21420/40341 -1)
Back: adj. 命运已定的，宿命的; 受命运支配的
分布：命中注定的(85%)，动词fate的过去式和过去分词.(15%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective [after verb]
■not able to be avoided because planned by a power that controls events 命中注定的，命运决定的
• [+ that] It seemed fated that we would get married. 我们的姻缘似乎是命中注定的。
• [+ to infinitive] She says she was fated to become a writer. 她说命中注定她会成为一名作家。
adj. 命中注定的，宿命的；受命运支配的
 - fatal, predestinate

Word: cyclone
Front: cyclone
[ˈsaɪkləʊn] (托宝 17926/23855 -1)
Vocabulary: cyclone
(once / 2285 pages)
n
A cyclone is another word for "tornado" or other types of violent, spinning storms. It was a cyclone that uprooted Dorothy in "The Wizard of Oz," and her little dog Toto too.
In the midwestern part of the United States, a cyclone is a tornado. But ask a meteorologist and he'll tell you that technically a cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm that forms over a warm ocean, specifically in the South Pacific. Tropical cyclones are actually much bigger than tornadoes: a small cyclone could be 100 miles across, while a monster tornado would only be about a mile across.
WORD COUNT
Stormy Weather: A Tempest of Meteorological Terms
Not long ago, Cliff Mass, an atmospheric scientist in Seattle, blogged about a sandstorm that had occurred in Eastern Washington. Extreme weather is not unusual in that area, but the word he used for the storm was new to many of us: haboob. The novelty of the term, along with the spectacular photo on his blog of an oncoming haboob, had people talking about it for days.
Haboob in Eastern Washington, September 2013 [Photo: Robert Ames]
Given how much our day-to-day lives are influenced by weather — and especially by storms — perhaps it's not surprising that we have a rich vocabulary for these natural phenomena.
The biggest of all storms, of course, is a hurricane. This term came into English from Spanish, but originates in Taíno, a native language from the Caribbean. The regional origin of this name might explain why we use hurricane for storms in the Atlantic and in eastern Pacific, close to the Americas. For similar storms in the western Pacific and the Indian Ocean, we use the word typhoon, a term with a curious etymology: it appears to represent a convergence of a Greek word for a whirlwind and a Chinese word for "great wind." (Some speculate an Arabic origin also.) A general term for these types of large-scale storms — cyclone, from Greek for "rotate" or "wheel" — alludes to the fact that they revolve around a central point.
Hurricane Isabel as seen from the International Space Station [source: Wikipedia]
Aside from these well-known terms, there's a nor'easter for a large storm in the north Atlantic. This name follows the convention for naming winds, which identifies the direction from which they come; a nor'easter spins counterclockwise, hence brings winds from the northeast.
Inland, a derecho is a hurricane-scale storm that is primarily associated with the Midwestern areas of the U.S. and Canada. Derecho is the Spanish word for "straight ahead," and came into use to describe the storm's wind pattern, which meteorologists call "straight-line wind." The "straight" nature of a derecho was intended to contrast with the circular nature of a different storm: the tornado, which occurs frequently in the same geographic region. The name tornado is another Spanish term, which might either derive from a word for thunderstorm or from a word for "to turn." An informal term for a tornado is a twister, named for its characteristic motion. The word cyclone is also used informally for tornados, since they're another type of revolving storm, but not by professionals.
If you substitute snow for rain in one of these large-scale storms, you get a blizzard. While I'm sure that the Anglo-Saxons huddled in their longhouses against snowy blasts, they did not bequeath us this word; blizzard is both a surprisingly modern term (the first recorded cite is from 1859) and originally an American one.
Generically, any strong wind is a gale (possibly of Norse origin). For meteorologists, a gale has a more precise definition: it's a wind that's between 34 and 40 knots, as measured on the Beaufort Scale, which has similarly precise values for terms like strong breeze, high wind, violent storm, and hurricane force. Another generic term for a wind-bearing storm is tempest (from Latin via Old French), whose metaphoric sense of tumult goes back almost as far as its weather-related sense. I for one would love to hear a TV weatherperson bring the word tempest back into everyday use.
There are many regional terms for winds and windstorms that occur regularly. People near mountains often experience type of wind called a föhn (or foehn, pronounced fern), which occurs in the Alps. This is a wind that comes down off mountains (that is, the wind is katabatic) and is channeled via valleys or passes. In Southern California, a famous föhn-type wind is the Santa Ana wind that blows out of the high desert to the east and whose extreme dryness can contribute to wildfires. (Some say that the Santa Ana wind makes people in Los Angeles restless and violent.) I grew up along the Front Range in Colorado, and in the spring we often experienced the extremely strong Chinook wind, whose unseasonable warmth has given it the nickname "snow-eater."
Other regional winds are the Diablo wind in Northern California, the Knik and Taku winds in Alaska, and the Squamish in British Columbia, though not all of these are warm winds (quite the contrary). Further afield are winds such as those in the Mediterranean region including the Mistral and Levant in France, the Ostro in Italy, and the hot, dry Sirocco that comes off the Sahara.
The Sirocco brings us back to Arabic, which is where we also get the haboob that we started with. Look out your window, and if it's a blustery day, there's probably a term that precisely names the wind you're experiencing, whether that term comes to us from a Native American language, from Spanish, or from a language of the African deserts.
WORD FAMILY
cyclone: anticyclone, cyclonal, cyclones, cyclonic+/anticyclone: anticyclones/cyclonic: cyclonical, cyclonically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I’ve got a lot of confidence and belief in our players. We’ve got a good team,” Beard said after the loss to the Cyclones.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Cyclones will be decisive underdogs, although they were within a missed 3 of beating No. 7 Gonzaga earlier this season.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A possible solution for the Cyclones might be increasing freshman Solomon Young’s playing time.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 气旋，旋风; 飓风，暴风; 旋风分离器
分布：旋风(37%)，气旋(31%)，飓风(18%)，旋风分离器(14%)
→来自cycle,圈。-one，大词后缀。
旋风[circ,cycl=ring,circle,表示"圆,环"]
【记】cycl转，one－一种转的东西－旋风cyclone非常的alone
【参】cyclamate（n 有害的糖精）；cyclopedia（n 百科全书）；cyclical（adj 轮转的；循环的）
US [-kloʊn] noun countable
■a violent tropical storm or wind in which the air moves very fast in a circular direction 旋风；气旋；龙卷风
n. 旋风； [气象] 气旋；飓风
 - windspout, hurricane

Word: foreclosure
Front: foreclosure
[fɔ:ˈkləʊʒə(r)] (10531/42465)
Vocabulary: foreclosure
(once / 1756 pages)
n
When a homeowner can't afford to pay her mortgage, she might face foreclosure, which is when a bank repossesses a borrower's house.
A bank most often starts foreclosure proceedings against someone who's taken out a loan to buy a house when that person stops making monthly payments. The agreement a borrower makes when she gets a bank mortgage is that she'll pay a certain amount of money every month, and failing to do it means risking foreclosure. The word foreclosure comes from the Latin words fors, "out," and clore "to shut."
WORD FAMILY
foreclosure: foreclosures+/foreclose: foreclosed, forecloses, foreclosing, foreclosure
USAGE EXAMPLES
Christie’s figures also apparently include an estimate that $60 million will be spent on public notices of pending foreclosures, a fee paid for by banks.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“By bringing down the foreclosure rate, it will help shore up housing prices for everyone.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
"By bringing down the foreclosure rate, it will help shore up housing prices for everyone."
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 丧失抵押品赎回权，排斥
分布：抵押品赎回权的取消(100%)
N-VAR
抵押品赎回权的取消
Foreclosure is when someone who has lent money to a person or organization so that they can buy property takes possession of the property because the money has not been repaid.
例：If homeowners can't keep up the payments, they face foreclosure...业主如果未能按时交房贷，就会面临丧失抵押品赎回权的危险。
例：If interest rates go up, won't foreclosures rise?如果利率上调，抵押品赎回权取消的情况也会增多吗？

Word: jeopardise
Front: jeopardise
['dʒepədaɪz] (-/11690)
Back: vt. 危及，损害
时态：jeopardised, jeopardising, jeopardises
分布：危及(95%)，使 ... 遭遇危险(5%)
vt. 危及（等于jeopardize）；使…受危险
 - endanger, imperil

Word: groundwater
Front: groundwater
[ˈgraʊndwɔ:tə(r)] (8970/13397)
Back: n. 地下水
分布：地下水(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
地下水
Groundwater is water that is found under the ground. Groundwater has usually passed down through the soil and become trapped by rocks.
例：The groundwater is only feet beneath the city streets.地下河距离上面的城市街道只有几英尺。
n. 地下水
 - underground water, subterranean water

Word: palatable
Front: palatable
[ˈpælətəbl] (托雅 14564/19048 -1)
Vocabulary: palatable
(once / 2043 pages)
adj
Something that is palatable is acceptable to one’s sense of taste—literally or figuratively. If it's palatable, then you can put up with it — whether it's leftovers or a mediocre made-for-TV movie.
The palate is the roof of the mouth, the combination of structures that separates the mouth from the nose. Early anatomists believed that the sense of taste was located in the palate, and, just as taste is metaphorically expanded to include sensibilities beyond the experience of food and drink, so palatable can be used to describe phenomena beyond the culinary. And, while palatable can mean pleasing or agreeable, it generally means merely tolerable—edible, rather than delicious.
WORD FAMILY
palatable: palatability, palatableness, palatably, unpalatable +/ unpalatable: unpalatability, unpalatableness, unpalatably
USAGE EXAMPLES
I find these two the only palatable types of ham and regret that they are impossible to find in the area where I live.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Selling arms might be more palatable, and there is certainly a need.
Reuters(Dec 16, 2016)
Everyone had an opinion on the decision, although most acknowledged there were no truly palatable choices.
New York Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 可口的; 美味的; 宜人的; 可接受的
分布：美味的(68%)，使人愉快的(16%)，遂心如意的(16%)
→来自palate,腭，可口。
【记】读：plate（n 盘子），table桌子，table上的plate里面有palatable源于：pal（n 好朋友），和pal在a一个，table上分享palatable源于：palate（n 上腭；味觉）
US [-tˌə-] adjective
TASTE 味道 formal
■describes food or drink that has a pleasant taste 美味的，可口的
• a very palatable wine 美酒
• The meal was barely palatable. 这顿饭根本谈不上可口。
Opposite unpalatable
UK ['pæl.ə.tə.bl] US [-tˌə-] adjective
ACCEPTABLE 可以接受的
■acceptable 可以接受的，合乎趣味的
• I'm afraid the members won't find all these changes very palatable. 恐怕会员不会觉得这些改变全都很合他们的心意。
adj. 美味的，可口的；愉快的
 - delicious, good, bright

Word: jittery
Front: jittery
[ˈdʒɪtəri] (16861/21381 -1)
Vocabulary: jittery
(once / 9958 pages)
adj
Jittery can describe jerky or nervous actions. If you consume a lot of caffeine, you might appear jittery.
If a running back is darting around quickly and unpredictably, making herky-jerky movements, he's jittery. Also, jittery applies to people who feel nervous or tense. If you're worried about a test, you'll feel jittery. During the last minute of a basketball game, some players get jittery. Synonyms for this nervous kind of jittery are edgy, high-strung, jumpy, nervy, and uptight.
WORD FAMILY
jittery: jitterily, jitteriness+/jitter: jittering, jitters, jittery /jittering: jitteringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
If Mr. Trump is stirring anxiety, or at least uncertainty, his picks and potential selections for senior national security positions are calming some jittery nerves.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Others tremble from side to side in jittery agitation.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
“Trump just exacerbates all these things, raising the nervousness of an already jittery situation,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. <口>紧张不安的
分布：紧张不安的(43%)，神经过敏的(30%)，战战兢兢的(27%)
→来自jitter,抖动，剧烈跳动。引申词义紧张不安。
US ['dʒɪtˌ.ɚ-] informal
adjective
■nervous 紧张不安的；心烦意乱的
• He felt all jittery before the interview. 面试前他感到非常紧张。
■shaky and slightly uncontrolled 颤抖的，摇摇晃晃的
• I get really jittery if I drink too much coffee. 我咖啡喝得太多就会发抖。
adj. 神经过敏的；战战兢兢的；紧张不安的
 - nervous, ouchy

Word: mainstay
Front: mainstay
[ˈmeɪnsteɪ] (13265/14440 -1)
Vocabulary: mainstay
(once / 5373 pages)
1n 2n
A mainstay is something that acts as a source of support for a community. If your hometown's economy depends on tourists visiting every summer, you could say that tourism is the mainstay of your town.
A mainstay holds everything together, whether it's your grandmother who acts as the anchor of your whole crazy family, a pillar that physically keeps a building from falling down, or the job that enables you to pay your rent every month. The noun mainstay is originally a nautical term meaning the rope that stabilizes two masts on a sailboat, and since the 1780s it's been used to mean "chief support."
WORD FAMILY
mainstay: mainstays
USAGE EXAMPLES
It became a mainstay at beer keggers, where its size, typically 16 ounces, durability and opacity were prized attributes.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
From an early age, she was a mainstay of the church choir in Ponca City, Okla., where her family moved in 1948.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A mainstay of the industry, the business involves delivering gas by truck to customers within a radius of a few hundred miles.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 支柱，柱石; 骨干，中流砥柱; 主要的依靠; 主桅支索
分布：主要支持(100%)
→main,主要的，stay,支撑，维持。比喻用法。
noun
the mainstay of sth
■the most important part of something, providing support for everything else …的支柱；…的主要依靠
• Cattle farming is the mainstay of the country's ecomony. 养牛业是这个国家的经济支柱。
• The white blouse will be the mainstay of your wardrobe this summer. 白色短衬衫将是今年夏天你衣橱里的主要服装。
n. 支柱；中流砥柱；主要的依靠；主桅支索
 - leg, backbone, stay

Word: aloof
Front: aloof
[əˈlu:f] (托宝 14411/13857 -1)
Vocabulary: aloof
(once / 823 pages)
adjadv
Someone who's aloof isn't warm and friendly, instead being distant and reserved. That emotionally cold and detached fellow who keeps to himself, drinking espresso and reading French philosophy, would best be described as aloof.
In Middle English, aloof was originally a nautical term; the loof (now spelled luff) is the windward side of a ship. Smart sailors wanting to avoid a hazard on the leeward side would give the order, "A loof!" From this command we get the idea of steering clear of something (or someone). In modern usage the word has taken on a negative connotation: an aloof person is often considered cold or snobby.
WORD FAMILY
aloof: aloofly, aloofness +/ aloofness: aloofnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her critics saw an authoritarian streak in her aloof governing style.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
In 2016, new wave conservative media outlets like Breitbart have gained trust with their audience by painting traditional news sources as snooty and aloof.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Once the brash, songbird CC and the aloof, wealthy Hillary met on a New Jersey boardwalk, their bond was sealed.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 冷淡的; 疏远的; 远离的
adv. 分开地; 避开地
分布：冷淡的(62%)，疏远的(27%)，远离地(11%)
→来自航海术语。前缀a-同ad-. loof, 风向标。指迎船头向风以避开礁石，后指偏离，疏远。
【记】a与f之间有一条长长的loo路－疏远的
【反】gregarious（adj 群居的）；intimacy（n 亲密）－aloofness
adjective
■describes an unfriendly person who refuses to take part in things 不友善的；冷漠的
• She seemed rather aloof when in fact she was just shy. 她看似孤傲不群，可实际上只是腼腆。
■not interested or involved, usually because you do not approve of what is happening （通常因为对所发生的事情不赞同而）漠不关心的，无动于衷的，不参与的
• Whatever is happening in the office, she always remains aloof. 不管办公室发生了甚么事，她都一概不闻不问。
• She kept herself aloof from her husband's business. 她对丈夫的事情漠不关心。
adj. 冷淡的；远离的；冷漠的
 - removed, cold, distant, off, lukewarm
adv. 远离；避开地
 - away from, far from

Word: undesirable
Front: undesirable
[ˌʌndɪˈzaɪərəbl] (研六宝 10932/7811 -1)
Back: adj. 不受欢迎的，讨厌的; 不合需要的; 不方便的; 不良的
n. 不受欢迎的人; 不良分子
分布：不受欢迎的(44%)，不良的(21%)，讨厌的(15%)，不良分子(9%)，不受欢迎的人(7%)，不合意的(4%)
→un-, 不，非，desirable, 渴望的。
【记】un不，desirable（adj 值得要的；合意的）
US [-'zaɪr.ə-] disapproving
adjective
■not wanted, approved of or popular 令人讨厌的；不受欢迎的
• Houses near industrial sites often do not sell so quickly because they are regarded as undesirable. 工厂附近的房子销路不是很好，因为人们认为那里的环境不理想。
adj. 不良的；不受欢迎的；不合需要的
 - unhealth, cacoethic
n. 不良分子；不受欢迎的人
 - persona non grata

Word: sensibility
Front: sensibility
[ˌsensəˈbɪləti] (托 6698/10191 -1)
Vocabulary: sensibility
(once / 695 pages)
n
Sensibility is your ability to feel or be aware of something. Your artistic sensibility might allow you to understand even the most complex work of art.
Sensibility often refers to your ability to respond to emotions or to appreciate artistic works — things that you sense rather than analyze logically. Your poetic sensibility might allow you to choose exactly the right word to create a particular tone when you’re writing. Sensibility can also refer to your sensitivity to good or bad impressions — it’s sort of like your feelings. Used in this way, the word is often plural. Your brother’s thoughtless remarks may offend your sensibilities.
WORD FAMILY
sensibility: sensibilities+/desensitise: desensitisation, desensitising/ desensitize: desensitization, desensitized, desensitizes, desensitizing/hypersensitive: hypersensitively, hypersensitivity/insensibility: insensibilities/ insensible: insensibility, insensibly/ insensitive: insensitively, insensitiveness, insensitivity/insensitivity: insensitivities/ nonsense: nonsenses, nonsensical / nonsensical: nonsensicalest, nonsensicality, nonsensically/oversensitive: oversensitively, oversensitiveness/ sensation: aftersensation, sensational, sensations/ sensational: sensationalism, sensationally, unsensational/sensationalism: sensationalisms, sensationalist, sensationalistic/sensationalist: sensationalists/ sense: nonsense, sensation, sensed, senseless, senses, sensible, sensing, sensitive, sensor, sensorial, sensuous /senseless: senselessly, senselessness/ sensible: insensible, sensibilise, sensibility, sensibilize, sensibleness, sensibler, sensiblest, sensibly/sensitise: desensitise, sensitisation, sensitised, sensitiser, sensitising/sensitised: hypersensitised, supersensitised/sensitiser: sensitisers/ sensitive: hypersensitive, insensitive, nonsensitive, oversensitive, sensitise, sensitively, sensitiveness, sensitives, sensitivity, sensitize, supersensitive/sensitiveness: sensitivenesses/ sensitivity: sensitivities/sensitize: desensitize, sensitization, sensitized, sensitizer, sensitizes, sensitizing/sensitized: hypersensitized, supersensitized/sensitizer: sensitizers/sensor: sensors/sensorial: sensorially/ sensuous: sensuously, sensuousness/supersensitive: supersensitively/unsensational: unsensationally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Volkswagen and Nike wanted his pawky sensibility, up to a point.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
They seem to think it’s obvious why something in the current year should be an affront to our sensibilities.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s different from our European modern sensibility where life is divided and fragmented.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 情感; 敏感性，灵敏度; 感觉，感性; 感光性，感光度
分布：感性(50%)，敏感(39%)，感情(10%)，感受能力(1%)
→来自 sensible,能感知的，有理解力的。
敏感性;感情(sensible+ity)[Sens,sent=feel,表示"感觉"]
敏感性,明智(sensible敏感+ibility)[-ibility表名词"具备…性质的"]
US [-sə'bɪl.ə.tˌi] noun
uncountable
■an understanding of or ability to decide about what is good or valuable, especially in connection with artistic or social activities （尤指艺术或社会活动方面的）鉴赏力，感受能力
• literary/musical/artistic/theatrical/aesthetic sensibility 文学／音乐／艺术／戏剧／美学鉴赏力
• The author has applied a modern sensibility (= way of understanding things) to the social ideals of an earlier age. 作者对较早期的社会理想采用了一种现代的理解方法。
sensibilities [plural]
■feelings 感情
• In a multicultural society we need to show respect for the sensibilities of others. 在多元文化的社会中，我们需要尊重他人的感情。
n. 情感；敏感性；感觉；识别力
 - emotion, consciousness, will, affect, discrimination

Word: collude
Front: collude
[kəˈlu:d] (宝 23302/20412)
Vocabulary: collude
(once / 4548 pages)
v
When you collude with someone you secretly plot together to do something bad. You might collude with your twin sister to find out where all the birthday presents are hidden.
The word collude entered English in the 16th century from the Latin word colludere, meaning “have a secret agreement,” a combination of col-, meaning “together,” and ludere, meaning “to play.” When you collude with someone, it's like you’re playing together on the same team for the purpose of getting something you want, typically something illegal or harmful. Companies may collude to keep prices high, or politicians may collude to keep damaging information secret.
WORD FAMILY
collude: colluded, colludes, colluding, collusion, collusive+/ collusion: collusions/collusive: collusively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Netanyahu accused the White House of colluding with Palestinians to put the resolution forward, a charge it denies.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Israeli officials then accused Obama of colluding with the Palestinians in a “shameful move” against the Jewish state.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
That is to protect against teams colluding on a favorable result that would let both advance to the new Round of 32.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 密谋，共谋
时态：colluded, colluding, colludes
分布：串通(69%)，共谋(31%)
→col-, 强调。-lud, 玩耍，戏弄，词源同allude, ludicrous.
勾结,串通(col共同+lude→共同玩→勾结)[lud,lus=play,表示"玩,戏剧"]
【记】col共同，lude玩弄－共同玩弄－串通
【参】ludicrous（adj 可笑的，愚蠢的）
[kə'lu:d] formal
verb intransitive
■to act together secretly or illegally in order to deceive or cheat someone 串通；勾结；共谋
• It was suspected that the police had colluded with the witnesses. 警方涉嫌与证人暗中串通。
vi. 勾结；串通；共谋
 - be in bed with, connive

Word: bestow
Front: bestow
[bɪˈstəʊ] (六托宝 9425/9541 -1)
Vocabulary: bestow
(once / 193 pages)
v
When you present an honor or gift to someone, you bestow it, which is the same as giving it, but often classier and more respectful.
Bestow comes from the Middle English stowen, "to place." Placing something really valuable or honoring in the hands of another, or conferring a position of responsibility on them, is to bestow it. For example, "She gave her teacher a ceramic apple she had made, knowing that her whole class would bestow the big honor of Teacher of the Year later that day," or, "The king praised her for working with the poor, and he would later bestow the medal of honor on her in a ceremony."
WORD FAMILY
bestow: bestowal, bestowed, bestower, bestowing, bestowment, bestows+/bestowal: bestowals/bestower: bestowers/bestowment: bestowments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rare is the Marine who does not wish to shoot better; a culture that celebrates riflery bestows credibility and respect on those who shoot best.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
On Sunday morning, Pope Francis officially bestowed that title at her canonization ceremony in St. Peter’s Square.
New York Times(Sep 03, 2016)
"Islam is the only way," reads one, "God should be bestowed upon Turks," says another.
Reuters(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 赠给，授予; 放置，安置，贮藏; 〈口〉给…提供住宿，让…留宿
时态：bestowed, bestowing, bestows
分布：授予(65%)，给予(35%)
→前缀be-, 强调。stow, 保存，放置。此处指授予。
【参】stow（v 装载）－赠送东西让你装载回去。
US [-'stoʊ] formal
verb transitive often passive
■to give something as an honour or present 赠予；给予
• The Chancellorship of the University was bestowed upon her in 1992. 她在1992年被授予大学校长一职。
• The George Cross is a decoration that is bestowed on British civilians for acts of great bravery. 乔治十字勋章是为了表彰英国平民的英勇行为而颁发的。
confer, present, endow, grant, give, award, accord, bestow
这组词都有“给予，赠给”的意思，其区别是：
confer: 通常指授予称号或学位等。
present: 指正式地给予或授予，通常伴有仪式进行。
endow: 指捐赠大量的钱作基金，也可指给予非物质的东西。
grant: 多指出于慷慨、怜悯或正义感而给予，并且通常是在被请求下给予。
give: 最普通用词，泛指将自己的东西给予他人，所给予的东西，物质或非物质的均可。
award: 通常暗示所给予的东西是接受者应得的，而且给予者往往是具有裁判权力的。
accord: 侧重所给予的是应得的或是恰当的，或是因某种原因而适于接受的。
bestow: 正式用词，指把某物作为礼物赠送于某人，也可作引申用。
vt. 使用；授予；放置；留宿
 - make use of, award, fashion, give, employ

Word: canon
Front: canon
[ˈkænən] (宝 8526/8063 -1)
Vocabulary: canon
(once / 377 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
Canon is all about authoritative standards—for literature, sainthood, or behavior. Don't confuse it with cannon with two n's, the big gun that shoots bowling-size balls at the enemy.
College students used to read what was called the "literary canon," until they noticed that they were written by dead white men. Pretzels dipped in Coke may be tasty, but they're not ready to be entered into the canon of two great tastes that go well together: oreos + milk, donut + coffee, apple pie + ice cream.
WORD FAMILY
canon: canonic, canonical, canonise, canonist, canonize, canons+/ canonical: canonically/canonisation: canonisations/canonise: canonisation, canonised, canonises, canonising/canonist: canonists/canonization: canonizations/ canonize: canonization, canonized, canonizes, canonizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
He owns a slick Canon, a Leica manual rangefinder and, as of Christmas, a Polaroid.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The unit was sold to Canon this year.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
“Last Christmas” is one of the premier entrants in the new Yuletide canon.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 标准，准则; 教规，宗规; （在大教堂任职的）教士; （某作家的）真作，真经
分布：教规(42%)，标准(22%)，准则(18%)，真经(6%)，大教堂教士(4%)，真作(4%)，轮唱曲(4%)
→来自cane, 芦苇，因古时用芦苇杆进行测量，因而引申词义标准，准绳，精品。
【源】原指（基督教的）正典圣经（简称正经）
【记】canon日本佳能公司－生产真品的公司can，on：能上大雅之堂的是真作。
【参】cannon（n 大炮）
【反】apocrypha（n 伪经）
noun
PRIEST 牧师
countable
■a Christian priest with special duties in a cathedral 法政牧师
['kæn.ən] noun
STANDARD 标准
countable usually plural formal or specialized
■a rule, principle or law, especially in the Christian Church 原则；准则；法规；（尤指）基督教教规
['kæn.ən] noun
WRITINGS 作品
countable usually singular specialized
■all the writings or other works known to be by a particular person （某人的）作品全集
• the Shakespearean canon 莎士比亚作品全集

Word: dissuade
Front: dissuade
[dɪˈsweɪd] (宝 14086/13712 -1)
Vocabulary: dissuade
(once / 1667 pages)
v
When you dissuade someone, you convince that person not to do something: “When Caroline saw Peter's broken leg, she tried to dissuade him from going on the ski trip.”
Remember the meaning of dissuade by comparing it to its more common relative persuade. The suade part that both words share has origins in the Latin root suadēre, meaning “to urge.” In the case of persuade, the prefix per- means “thoroughly,” intensifying “to urge” and giving persuade its meaning of “to convince.” Think of dissuade as the opposite of persuade: the prefix dis- reverses the action of the root, giving the meaning of not urging, in other words, convincing someone NOT to do something.
WORD FAMILY
dissuade: dissuaded, dissuades, dissuading, dissuasion, dissuasive+/dissuasion: dissuasions/dissuasive: dissuasively
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was sanguine about whether the Trump connection, past or present, may dissuade some viewers from tuning in after the bitterly divisive presidential election.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
My uncle tried to dissuade me from speaking Arabic at the airport long before this election.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Many believe that Trump will be dissuaded from adopting any truly protectionist policies.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vt. 劝阻; 劝止; 劝戒
时态：dissuaded, dissuading, dissuades
分布：劝阻(100%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。-suade, 甜，劝说，词源同sweet, persuade. 即相反的劝说，规诫。
【记】dis相反，suade＝advise建议，提议－提反对意见－劝阻
【参】persuade（v 说服；劝说；使相信）
【反】abet（vt 教唆；煽动；帮助）；enhance（vt 提高；增强）
verb transitive
■to persuade someone not to do something 劝说（某人）不做某事，劝阻
• I tried to dissuade her from leaving. 我试图劝说她不要离开。
vt. 劝阻，劝止
 - discourage from, dehort

Word: deference
Front: deference
[ˈdefərəns] (托宝 11329/11323 -1)
Vocabulary: deference
(once / 698 pages)
n
Sure you wear ripped jeans to school every day, but you don't wear them to your grandmother's house out of deference to her. When you show deference to someone, you make a gesture of respect.
The noun deference goes with the verb defer, which means "to yield to someone's opinions or wishes out of respect for that person." If you and your dad disagree about the best route to the grocery store, you might defer to him, and take his route. You're taking his route out of deference to his opinion and greater experience.
WORD FAMILY
deference: deferences, deferential +/ defer: deferent, deferment, deferral, deferred, deferring, defers/deferent: deference, deferently/ deferential: deferentially, undeferential/ deferment: deferments/deferral: deferrals
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the fact that they describe a teetering world of rigid class boundaries and vanishing deference is often mistaken for a tacit endorsement.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Sensitive and perceptive as he is, he becomes, in his new moneyed condition, a snob, amused by the new deference which greets him everywhere.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Will there be the potential for some level of deference?
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 顺从; 依从; 尊重; 敬重
分布：顺从(73%)，敬重(27%)
→来自defer, 遵从，顺从。
尊敬(defer+ence)[fer=bring,carry,表示"带来,拿来"]
【反】effrontery（n 厚颜无耻）；contempt（n 轻视；不尊敬）；
US [-ɚ-] formal
noun uncountable
■respect and politeness 尊重，尊敬
• He treats her with such deference. 他非常尊重她。
• She covered her head out of/in deference to (= because of a polite respect for) Muslim custom. 出于对穆斯林习俗的尊重，她把头蒙了起来。
n. 顺从
 - compliance, Friend VS Lover

Word: costume
Front: costume
[ˈkɒstju:m] (研六托雅宝 4152/5080 -2)
Vocabulary: costume
(once / 269 pages)
nv
A costume is a set of clothes you wear when you want to dress up like another person. You might wear a witch's costume to go trick-or-treating on Halloween, or put on a George Washington costume to reenact a scene from the American Revolution in a play.
A costume is a set of clothes that is unique to a particular person or time period. If you were starring as Dorothy in your neighborhood production of The Wizard of Oz, your costume would consist of a blue-and-white checkered dress and ruby slippers. On the other hand, if you were starring as Lady Godiva, you wouldn't need much of a costume at all!
WORD FAMILY
costume: costumed, costumer, costumes, costuming+/costumer: costumers
USAGE EXAMPLES
A kid got his McAdoo costume down perfectly, from the mustache to the menu of plays.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Ted Turner bought the film library, which left the studio grounds and all its holdings, including props, costumes, scripts and ephemera.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In costume, they visit hospitals and raise money for charity.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. （戏剧或电影的）戏装，演出服; 服装，衣服; 泳装，常用于英式英语; （某地或某历史时期的）服装
vt. 给…穿上服装; 给…提供服装
时态：costumed, costuming, costumes
分布：服装(97%)，提供服装(1%)，剧装(1%)，服装打扮的(1%)
→来自拉丁词consuetudinem, 习惯，习俗，词源同custom. 来自con-, 强调 , -suet, 自己的，词源同self. 即自身的习惯，后指历史时期的穿着服装，古装。
n.(流行的)服饰;戏装,(特定场合的)套装Her national costume showed her nationality.她的民族服装表明了她是从哪个国家来的.
【记】custom（n 习惯；风俗）；costume就是能表明某一国家、时期或民众的特点的服装。cost花费，需要花钱的东西－服装
US ['kɑ:.stu:m] noun
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■the set of clothes typical of a particular country or period of history, or suitable for a particular activity （某国或某一历史时期或适合某种活动的）服装
• Singers performing Mozart's operas often dress in /wear historical costume. 歌手们经常穿古装出演莫劄特的歌剧。
• The dancers leading the procession were in colourful and elaborate costumes. 走在队伍前头的舞蹈演员身着色彩绚丽、制作考究的服装。
• UK The shop has a good selection of bikinis and bathing/swimming costumes. 该店有很多漂亮的比坚尼和其他泳装可供选购。
 ADVANCED countable (UK also fancy-dress costume)
■a set of clothes worn in order to look like someone or something else, especially for a party or as part of an entertainment （尤指派对或娱乐活动中穿的）化装服
• Our host was wearing a clown costume. 我们的主人穿着小丑服。
• The children were dressed in halloween costumes. 孩子们都是万圣节打扮。
uniform, clothing, clothes, dress, garment, suit, costume, gown, robe, coat
这组词都有“衣服、服装”的意思，其区别是：
uniform: 指某团体或组织统一做的制服，如军服、校服等。
clothing: 常用词，集合名词，是衣服的总称。
clothes: 普通用词，多指包括上衣、内衣或裤子等具体的一件件衣服。
dress: 多指正式场合或为某些特定用途而穿的服装，也指童装或女性穿的连衣裙。
garment: 语气庄重，正式用词，复数形式可与clothes换用，指身上全部穿着。单数形式指单件衣服，尤指长袍、外套等外面的衣服。
suit: 指一套服装，一般有几件配成一套的套装。
costume: 指流行某一地区或某一时代的服装，也指演员的戏装。
gown: 指女人穿的长服，尤指教士、法官、教授等的礼服或妇女的睡衣等，也指长袍。
robe: 指长袍，也指浴衣、晨衣。
coat: 指上衣、外衣、大衣、外套及女式上装。
n. [服装] 服装，装束；戏装，剧装
 - clothing, wear, garment, apparel

Word: gape
Front: gape
[geɪp] (托雅宝 14282/17233 -1)
Vocabulary: gape
(once / 864 pages)
vn
If Bigfoot walked down your street wearing a tutu, you might gape or stare at the man-ape with your mouth open. You'd really gape if the tutu had a gaping, or wide open, hole.
Gape is closely related to the word, gap, which means a space between things. When you gape at something, there is a lot of space between your teeth because your mouth is open in disbelief. You'll often hear mothers telling children not to gape. The fact is it's rude to stare at someone that way, even if they are a Sasquatch on the way to dance class.
WORD FAMILY
gape: gaped, gapes, gaping+/gaping: gapingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
They shot cellphone videos of the mural on the walls and gaped at the high ceilings.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Only there does he discover that his face is caked with blood and that there is a long, gaping laceration on his right temple.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“Those who died didn’t die alone,” he said, his voice choking as sunlight poured into a warehouse through the gaping holes left by the strikes.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: v. 张口结舌地看; 目瞪口呆地凝视 ; 张开; 裂开
时态：gaped, gaping, gapes
分布：裂开(30%)，张开(20%)，裂口(17%)，张嘴(17%)，打哈欠(11%)，目瞪口呆地凝视(5%)
→来自ghai, 打呵欠，张口，词源同yawn. 引申义吃惊。
verb intransitive
LOOK 看
■to look in great surprise at someone or something, especially with an open mouth 目瞪口呆地看，瞠目结舌地注视
• They stood gaping at the pig in the kitchen. 他们站在那里目瞪口呆地看着厨房里的那头猪。
[geɪp] verb intransitive
OPEN 开
■to be or become wide open 张开；裂开
• Peter's jacket gaped at the seams. 彼得的夹克衫开了线，裂了一个缝。
peer, peep, gape, glance, stare, gaze, glare, glimpse
这组词都有“看”的意思，其区别是：
peer: v.指眯起眼睛仔细看，尤指看不清楚的情况下；费力地看，凝视。
 • Being somewhat short-sighted, she has the habit of peering at people.   因为有点近视，她有眯着眼睛看人的习惯。
peep: v.窥视，偷看。
 • The mother peeped into the bedroom to see if her child was asleep.   母亲偷偷向卧室看了一下，看她的孩子是否睡着了。
gape: v. (张着嘴、瞪大眼睛)呆看，强调一种吃惊的状态。
 • The children gaped at the big elephant in the zoo.   在动物园，孩子们张大了嘴巴呆呆地看着大象。
glance: v. (粗略地、随便地)一瞥，看一眼。
 • He glanced over the letter he had just received.   他把刚收到的那封信粗略地看了一遍。
stare: v.凝视，盯着，指由于好奇、惊讶、赞叹等原因而瞪大眼睛长时间地、直接地注视，常常含有粗鲁无礼的意思。
 • I told my son to stop staring at that fat woman; it wasn't nice.   我告诉儿子不要盯着那个胖女人，那样看人不礼貌。
gaze: v.凝视，注视，指由于好奇、感叹、长时间目不转睛地看。
 • She gazed at her beautiful new diamond ring.   她凝视着自己的这颗美丽崭新的钻戒。
glare: v.怒目而视，强调怀有敌意或在气愤的情绪下看；眩目地照射。
 • The woman glared at the man after he shouted rudely at her.   那男人粗暴地冲她大声喊叫，她也怒目而视。
glimpse: v.与glance意思相近，短促地看一眼，一瞥。
vi. 裂开，张开； [生理] 打呵欠
 - gap, expand
n. 裂口，张嘴； [生理] 呵欠
 - breakage, chasm

Word: inaccurate
Front: inaccurate
[ɪnˈækjərət] (六雅 8689/8642 -1)
Vocabulary: inaccurate
(once / 2029 pages)
adj
If what you tell me is not exactly right, it is inaccurate. If you measured the amount of rainfall incorrectly, your data about the climate would be inaccurate.
Accuracy means being very precise and getting the information right. When something is inaccurate, it is the opposite of exact. If you get a question wrong on a test, your teacher will not say, "You, sir, are inaccurate," she'll just say you are wrong. She might also explain that your inaccurate methodology led to an inaccurate response.
WORD FAMILY
inaccurate: inaccurately+/ accuracy: accuracies, inaccuracy / accurate: accuracy, accurately, accuratest, inaccurate / inaccuracy: inaccuracies
USAGE EXAMPLES
My female GP changed my condition to non-morbid obesity after I complained that the previous label, obesity due to excess food consumption, was inaccurate.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
In an email, he characterized the data in the report as “grossly inaccurate” and its conclusions “completely unreliable.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“Sleep sensors are feeding back inaccurate information,” said Hawley Montgomery-Downs, a sleep expert and an associate professor of psychology at West Virginia University.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 有错误的; 不精密的; 不正确的; 不准确
分布：不准确的(74%)，错误的(26%)
→in-,不，非，accurate,精确的。
US [-jɚ.ət] adjective
■not completely correct or exact, or not able to do something correctly or exactly 不准确的；不精确的
• Their estimate of the cost of the project was wildly (= extremely) inaccurate. 他们对专案费用的估计非常不准确。
• an inaccurate device/weapon 不精确的设备／武器
adj. 错误的
 - false, wrong, incorrect, improper, erroneous

Word: hasty
Front: hasty
[ˈheɪsti] (研四六托雅宝 12658/11493 -2)
Vocabulary: hasty
(once / 129 pages)
adj
Hasty means speedy and brash. If you try to make a hasty exit after breaking up with someone, you’ll seem like a jerk.
Hasty, meaning “speedy, quick,” first came onto the scene in the mid 14th century. Later, it found itself paired with pudding to form hasty pudding, a dessert that only takes a short amount of time to make. Note that hasty, unlike fast, has negative connotations. If someone accuses you of having completed an assignment in a hasty fashion, it means your work appears careless.
WORD FAMILY
hasty: hastier, hastiest, hastily, hastiness, hastyly, overhasty+/ haste: hastes, hasty /overhasty: overhastily
USAGE EXAMPLES
And Peggy Hicks warns against hasty criticism of current human rights law, in the absence of any genuine alternatives.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
It bore all the signs of a hasty retreat during breakfast.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Executives also said they would make no hasty decisions about the plant.
Reuters(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 仓促完成的; 急忙的; 草率的; 轻率的
级别：hastier, hastiest
分布：轻率的(53%)，匆匆的(28%)，急忙的(19%)
→来自haste,仓促。
a.匆忙的,仓促的;草率的He realized that his hasty decision was a mistake.他意识到自己的草率决定是一次错误.
【反】characterized by deliberation（以深思熟虑为特征）；well considered（很好地考虑过的）；deliberate（adj 深思熟虑的）
adjective
■describes something that is done in a hurry, sometimes without the necessary care or thought 仓促的，轻率的
• He warned against making hasty decisions. 他警告过不要仓促作出决定。
• Now let's not leap to any hasty conclusions. 现在我们不要仓促得出结论。
• We saw the rain and made a hasty retreat into the bar. 我们看见下雨了，于是就匆忙躲进酒吧里。
• I think perhaps we were a little hasty in judging him. 我认为我们对他的评价可能有点轻率。
hasty, urgent, prompt, instant
hasty: 匆忙的，草率的
urgent: 紧迫的，紧急的
prompt: 快速的，及时的
instant: 立即的，指几乎察觉不到的时间段
hasty, quick, prompt, fast, instant, rapid, speedy, swift
hasty: 多指匆忙、草率或仓促的行动，着重缺乏深思熟虑。
quick: 特指瞬时动作，强调动作敏捷迅速；也指匆忙的行为，而不暗示速度很快。
prompt: 主要指动作迅速，毫不拖延，含“快得令人愉悦”的意味。
fast: 常指人或物持续地高速运动，强调运动的方式。
instant: 指某事很快发生或急待解决，含刻不容缓之意。
rapid: 比fast和quick正式，常指运动本身，侧重速度惊人。所指动作可能是短暂的，也可能是持续的。
speedy: 指人或物或其运动、活动时，着重极度的快捷，多含匆忙意味。
swift: 正式用词，强调非常迅速，往往含动作轻快敏捷之意。
adj. 轻率的；匆忙的；草率的；性怠的
 - brief, rushed

Word: eagerness
Front: eagerness
['i:gənɪs] (12855/14247)
Vocabulary: eagerness
(once / 446 pages)
n
Eagerness is a characteristic of being excited and prepared to do something. Shooting your hand in the air and shouting, "Me! Me!" when your teacher asks for a volunteer is a good way to show your eagerness.
A basketball team displays its eagerness by running onto the court at the start of the game, and a puppy's eagerness to lick your face and nibble your fingers is either the cutest thing about it, or one of the many reasons you don't like puppies. Eagerness and eager are both positive words, but in the thirteenth century eager meant "fierce or angry," and it shares a Latin root with the sour word acrid, or "bitter."
WORD FAMILY
eagerness: eagernesses+/ eager: eagerer, eagerest, eagerly, eagerness, overeager, uneager/overeager: overeagerly
USAGE EXAMPLES
China’s eagerness to act, analysts say, also reflected a desire by the government to raise its profile on environmental issues.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But amazingly, I was able to bury this realization beneath my embarrassment and eagerness to get on with the next phase of my life.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Beyond signaling toughness and an eagerness to fight, it accomplished little.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 渴望，热心，热切
分布：渴望(74%)，热心(26%)
ADJ-GRADED
热切的;渴望的
If you are eager to do or have something, you want to do or have it very much.
例：Robert was eager to talk about life in the Army...罗伯特很想谈谈陆军生活。
例：When my own son was five years old, I became eager for another baby...我家儿子5岁的时候，我特别想再要一个孩子。
ADJ-GRADED
（看起来或听上去）急切的，期盼的
If you look or sound eager, you look or sound as if you expect something interesting or enjoyable to happen.
例：Arty sneered at the crowd of eager faces around him...阿蒂对他身边那些期盼的面孔嗤之以鼻。
例：Her voice was girlish and eager.她的声音像个小姑娘似的，而且带着一股急不可耐。
n. 渴望；热心
 - enthusiasm, aspiration, avidness

Word: modernist
Front: modernist
['mɒdənɪst] (9599/10884 -1)
Back: n. 现代主义者，现代派; 现代主义艺术家
分布：现代主义者(43%)，现代主义的(36%)，现代人(21%)
US ['mɑ:.dɚ.nɪst] adjective noun countable specialized
■relating to or a member of the modern art movement 现代主义的（有关现代艺术运动的）；现代主义者（现代艺术运动成员）
• Modernist architecture tries to conquer nature instead of working with it. 现代主义建筑试图征服自然，而不是与自然共处。
• The design of the new library has been acclaimed by Modernists. 新图书馆的设计受到了现代主义者的称赞。

Word: nanny
Front: nanny
[ˈnæni] (8687/7333 -2)
Vocabulary: nanny
(once / 2846 pages)
1n 2n
A nanny is a full-time babysitter, someone whose job is taking care of a family's children. If you're a lucky kid, your nanny will be like Mary Poppins or Maria from "A Sound of Music."
Being a nanny goes beyond hourly childcare — a nanny is usually the person who spends the most time with a baby or child. A nanny might feed, bathe, play with, and otherwise care for a toddler, or drive an older child to ballet lessons. Most nannies work in the child's home, sometimes even living there. A completely different definition of nanny is "female goat." The word's origin is probably as a nickname for Ann, a generic woman's name, though it's also traditionally used for "close female adult," such as an aunt.
WORD FAMILY
nanny: nannies
USAGE EXAMPLES
He works at a coin-op laundry, while his wife, 49, is a babysitter, a midwife and a nanny.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Competition is fierce to become a panda nanny in China, but what is the job really like?
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
The sequel is set in the 1930s and involves the now grown up children being paid a visit by their former nanny following a bereavement.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （儿童的）保姆; <口>奶奶; 姥姥; 母山羊
分布：保姆(99%)，外婆(1%)
→来自儿语。比较aunt.
noun countable
GRANDMOTHER （外）祖母 UK informal for
■ grandmother
['næn.i] noun countable
JOB 工作
■a woman whose job is to take care of a particular family's children （照看小孩的）保姆
n. 保姆；母山羊
 - nurserymaid, mammie

Word: leeway
Front: leeway
[ˈli:weɪ] (宝 15712/19486 -1)
Vocabulary: leeway
(once / 10234 pages)
n
Leeway is a term used to describe the amount of freedom available. If you know you have a paper due on Monday, you might ask your teachers if there is any leeway––could you, say, bring it first thing Tuesday morning?
Leeway is a nautical term, referring to a vessel's drift to the lee, (nautical for "downwind"). Now, it is very useful in describing those gray areas in life––for example, everyone has a ten-minute leeway when meeting friends where you're not officially late, even if you're not actually on time.
WORD FAMILY
leeway: leeways
USAGE EXAMPLES
Because evidence of mitigating factors is supposed to be reserved for the penalty phase, Judge Gergel allowed him little leeway.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
And that allows them leeway to express themselves without euphemism.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
It does, however, grant states and school authorities a bit more leeway to approach education differently.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. （航行由于强风所致的）偏航; 余地; 时间损失，落后; 风压差，风压角
分布：余地(100%)
→lee,背风处，way,方向，道路。原指由强风所致的偏航，现主要用于比喻义自由活动的空间，回旋余地。
noun uncountable
FREEDOM 自由
■freedom to act within particular limits 自由空间，自由度，余地
• Local councils will be given some leeway as to how they implement the legislation. 地方议会实施该项立法会有一定的自由度。
['li:.weɪ] noun uncountable
PERIOD OF TIME 一段时间 UK an amount or period of time, which might be extra or wasted 富余时间，多余时间；浪费的时间
• There is a lot of leeway to make up after the holiday period. 假期过后有很多浪费掉的时间需要补上。
n. 余地；风压差；偏航；落后
 - scope, room

Word: pdl

Word: pacify
Front: pacify
[ˈpæsɪfaɪ] (雅宝 18896/19225 -1)
Vocabulary: pacify
(once / 826 pages)
1v 2v
If you are bringing peace or calm to a state of unrest, you are pacifying the situation. Just think of the transformation a squalling baby undergoes when a pacifier is placed within his mouth, and you will remember the power of the verb to pacify.
If you work to establish peace in a certain location between factions at war, then you are working to pacify a country or region. The U.N. has specially trained workers, called peace keepers, who go into to trouble spots to try to pacify rebellions factions and restore order. Or, one can pacify a disgruntled crowd: "The store manager attempted to pacify the restless crowd of shoppers by promising the popular out-of-stock item would soon be back on the shelves."
WORD FAMILY
pacify: pacific, pacified, pacifier, pacifies, pacifying+/ pacific: pacifically, pacification / pacification: pacifications/ pacifier: pacifiers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Chief Minister K Siddharamaiah was among the several politicians and ministers who visited him to pacify him.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
“OBJECTified” ought to pacify anyone whining Trump’s interview with “60 minutes” on Sunday wasn’t cushy enough.
Salon(Nov 16, 2016)
Yet Breitbart actively cultivates some of those themes, and Bannon has shown little patience for adjusting the site’s tone to pacify critics.
Seattle Times(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 使（某人）安静; 息怒; 抚慰; 在（有战争的地区、国家等）实现和平
时态：pacified, pacifying, pacifies
分布：抚慰(59%)，安慰(31%)，使 ... 平静(10%)
→来自peace,和平，平和，-fy,使。即使平和，引申词义平息，安抚。
【记】源于：peace（n 和平；安宁）
【参】pacifier（n 调停者；抚慰者）；
【反】rankle（v 激怒）；tantrum（n 发脾气）；discommode（v 使不方便）；discompose（v 不安）；incite（v 激动）；vex（v 使恼怒）；truculent（adj 好战凶猛的）－pacific（adj 和平的）；
verb transitive
CALM 使镇静
■to cause someone who is angry or upset to be calm and satisfied 使平静，平息；安抚
• He pacified his crying child with a bottle. 他用奶瓶来哄自己哭闹的孩子。
• It was difficult for the police to pacify the angry crowd. 警方难以使愤怒的人群平静下来。
['pæs.ɪ.faɪ] verb transitive
PEACE 和平
■to bring peace to a place or end war in a place 平定，平息；绥靖
• A UN force has been sent in to try and pacify the area worst affected by the civil war. 一支联合国部队已被派遣前往，设法稳定受内战影响最严重的地区。
vt. 使平静；安慰；平定
 - calm, comfort, quiet, compose

Word: overflow
Front: overflow
[ˌəʊvəˈfləʊ] (研六托雅宝 9278/9554 -1)
Vocabulary: overflow
(once / 517 pages)
vn
To overflow is to go beyond filling something with a liquid, so that it gushes over the edges. During heavy rainstorms, rivers sometimes overflow their banks and flood the surrounding land.
Bathwater will overflow the tub if you don't turn the water off, and if you keep pouring coffee after your cup is full, it will also overflow. Literal overflowing involves liquid, but you can also use this verb to mean "fill a container" or "fill with feeling." So your arms can overflow with flowers, and your heart can overflow with happiness. The Old English root is oferfleow, "flood" or "inundate."
WORD FAMILY
overflow: overflowed, overflowing, overflown, overflows+/ flow: flowage, flowed, flowing, flows, inflow, overflow /flowing: flowingly, flowings, inflowing/inflow: inflows/overflowing: overflowingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Emerald Coast Utilities Authority issued a notice of a sanitary sewer overflow caused by a 15-minute loss of power from a lightning strike.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Earlier this month, they were still sleeping on cots in the living room, surrounded by their belongings in overflowing boxes and storage containers.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Three more boxes full just arrived to be added to the overflowing filing cabinets.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 溢出，淹没; 挤满，充满; 洋溢; 资源过剩
n. 泛滥，溢出物; 溢流管; 充溢，过多; 超出额
vi. 泛滥，溢出; 充溢
adj. 溢出的，满出的
时态：overflowed, overflowing, overflows
分布：溢出(72%)，泛滥(14%)，洋溢(6%)，充满(5%)，溢值(2%)，剩出(1%)
v.(使)外溢,(使)溢出;溢出,流出,漫出The bath overflowed.浴室溢水了.
US [ˌoʊ.və˞ˈfloʊ]
TOO FULL 满溢
intransitive or transitive
■When a liquid overflows, it flows over the edges of a container, etc. because there is too much of it （液体）溢出，氾滥
• The milk overflowed when I poured it into the jug. 我往壶里倒牛奶的时候，牛奶溢了出来。
• Because of heavy rain, the river may overflow its banks. 因为下大雨，河水可能会氾滥，漫过河岸。
intransitive or transitive
■If a container or a place overflows, whatever is inside it starts coming out because it is too full （容器或场所）装不下，挤得太满
• Oh no, the bath is overflowing all over the floor. 啊呀，糟糕，浴缸满了，水流得满地都是。
• The bin was overflowing with rubbish. 垃圾箱里的垃圾满得装不下了。
intransitive
■When a place overflows, or people or things overflow from somewhere, some people or things have to come out because it cannot contain them all （场所、人或事物）挤满，满得容不下；爆满；人满为患
• The pub was so full that people were overflowing into/onto the street. 酒吧里人满为患，顾客一直排到了街上。
• The train was (full to) overflowing (= so full that there was not space for any more passengers). 火车上人满为患。
• His room is overflowing with (= contains a lot of) books. 他的房间里放满了书。
to overflowing
■so that water or another substance is almost coming over the top （满得）要溢了
• Someone has filled the bath (full) to overflowing. 不知谁把浴缸里放满水，都要溢出来了。
verb UK [ˌəʊ.vəˈfləʊ] US [ˌoʊ.və˞ˈfloʊ]
EMOTIONS 感情
intransitive
■If you overflow with thoughts or feelings, you express them strongly （想法或感情）充满，洋溢；（激情）澎湃
• They were (full to) overflowing with emotion at the birth of their baby. 看到孩子出生，他们喜不自禁。
• Suddenly, her anger overflowed. 突然，她怒气冲天。
noun UK [ˈəʊ.və.fləʊ] US [ˈoʊ.və˞.floʊ]
AMOUNT 数量
[S or U]
■an amount of liquid or number of people that cannot fit in a space （液体的）溢出；容纳不下的人
• I put a bucket underneath to catch the overflow from the water tank. 我在底下放了一个桶来接水箱里溢出的水。
• We can't cope with this overflow of patients from the other hospitals. 我们无法安排从其他医院转过来的这么多病人。
noun UK [ˈəʊ.və.fləʊ] US [ˈoʊ.və˞.floʊ]
PIPE 水管
countable (also overflow pipe)
■a pipe that carries away water that is not needed 溢水管
vi. [计] 溢出；泛滥；充溢
 - spill over, flow over
n. 充满，洋溢；泛滥；超值；溢值
 - filled with, fresh, flood, flow, fullness
vt. [计] 使溢出；使泛滥；使充溢
 - spill

Word: pistol
Front: pistol
[ˈpɪstl] (研四六宝 4943/5746 -2)
Vocabulary: pistol
(once / 230 pages)
n
A pistol is a small handgun. Unlike a shotgun or a rifle, you can hold and fire a pistol with one hand.
Sometimes the word pistol is used for any handgun, but many people distinguish between the pistol, with its single chamber, and the revolver, which has a cylinder that rotates and holds many bullets. The earliest pistols were used in sixteenth century Europe, and the English word comes from the Middle French pistolet, meaning both "small firearm" and "small dagger." You can also call someone who's full of energy a pistol.
WORD FAMILY
pistol: pistoleer, pistolled, pistolling, pistols
USAGE EXAMPLES
The men learn to fire a Kalashnikov rifle and Makarov pistol, apply a tourniquet and storm a room in tactical formation.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Deputies told State Police investigators that they gunned down Senegal after he pointed a pistol at them.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
When the gunman pointed the pistol at him, he told the teenager to run away.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 手枪
v. 用手枪射击
分布：手枪(100%)
→来自中古法语pistole,短火枪，可能来自德语Pistole,来自捷克语pis’tala,管子，枪管，火枪，来自pisteti,呼啸声，拟声词。引申词义手枪。
n.手枪On the Christmas the Christian's assistant fisted Pistol Piston and twisted his wrist.在圣诞节,基督徒的助手拳击了"手枪活塞"并扭了他的手腕.
【记】象声词，子弹飞出的声音。
noun countable
■a small gun which is held in and fired from one hand 手枪
• a loaded pistol 上膛手枪
• an automatic pistol 自动手枪
pistol, fifle, gun, cannon
这组词都有“枪，炮”的意思，其区别是：
pistol: 指手枪。
fifle: 指步枪类的枪。
gun: 系枪的通称。
cannon: 在军事上，现在gun指火炮，取代了cannon这一名词。
n. [军] 手枪；信号枪
 - handgun, betsy

Word: reprieve
Front: reprieve
[rɪˈpri:v] (宝 16877/15169 -1)
Vocabulary: reprieve
(once / 3114 pages)
1vn 2vn
A reprieve is a break in or cancellation of a painful or otherwise lousy situation. If you're being tortured, a reprieve is a break from whatever's tormenting you.
For some, a night at the opera is a night of punishing boredom during which the only reprieve is the intermission. For others, it's baseball that feels like torture. The seventh-inning stretch is the only reprieve from a night of endless waiting. Often, you'll hear reprieve used when a court or governor decides not to execute a prisoner. That prisoner is given a reprieve and will be allowed to live. He probably won't get a reprieve from prison, though, unless he's found innocent.
WORD FAMILY
reprieve: reprieved, reprieves, reprieving
USAGE EXAMPLES
After a brief reprieve, a Crawford 3 with 6:59 remaining started an 11-0 Iona run which put the Red Foxes away.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
But how the reprieve became public Thursday drew scrutiny from open-government advocates and others.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It was the signature play on an unselfish night, providing a momentary reprieve from the uncertainty that Turgeon’s injury-prone team faces.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. [法]缓期执行; 给…带来缓解
n. [法]死缓，缓刑; 暂缓
时态：reprieved, reprieving, reprieves
分布：缓刑(75%)，暂时缓解(14%)，缓刑令(7%)，暂缓处刑(4%)
→来 自 中古 法 语 repris, 来 自 reprendre 过 去 分词 形 式 ， 来自 reprendre, 抓 回 ， 来 自 拉 丁语 reprehendere,抓回，来自 re-,向后，往回，prehendere,抓住，词源同 prison,reprehensible.其原 义为抓回监狱，送回监狱，后引申词义延缓死刑。拼写可能受-eve 影响。
【记】re再，prieve拿－再从刑场拿回来－缓刑
noun countable
■an official order that stops or delays the punishment, especially by death, of a prisoner （尤指对死刑的）撤销令，缓刑令
• He was sentenced to death but was granted a last-minute reprieve. 他被判死刑，但是就在行刑前一分钟被准予缓期执行。
■an escape from a bad situation or experience 暂时解救；暂时缓解
• The injection provided a temporary reprieve from the pain. 注射了一针后，疼痛暂时缓解了。
[rɪ'pri:v] verb transitive
■to stop or delay the punishment, especially by death, of a prisoner 撤销，缓期执行（尤指死刑）
■to provide something or someone with an escape from a bad situation or experience, especially to delay or stop plans to close or end something 暂时解救，暂时缓解；（尤指）取消关闭，暂缓中止
• The threatened hospitals could now be reprieved. 面临关闭危险的那些医院现在暂时逃过一劫。
vt. 缓期执行；暂时解救
 - stay of execution
n. 暂缓；缓刑
 - probation, suspended sentence

Word: reproduction
Front: reproduction
[ˌri:prəˈdʌkʃn] (六托 5658/4803 -1)
Vocabulary: reproduction
(once / 807 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A reproduction of a painting is a copy of the original that looks just like it. The act of reproduction involves making copies or having babies.
We won't get into the birds and the bees, but reproduction is the sexual activity of producing offspring, also known as procreation. But reproduction isn't just the act of making babies. It can involve making copies or replications. Similarly, a reproduction is an identical version of something, often artwork. There are many reproductions of Picasso's paintings but in every case, there is only one original and it's worth far more than all the copies combined.
WORD FAMILY
reproduction: reproductions+/ reproduce: reproduced, reproducer, reproduces, reproducing, reproduction, reproductive /reproducer: reproducers/ reproductive: reproductively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Several of the entries are reproductions of painterly originals, but the shiny surfaces are better suited to hard-edged images.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Reproduction is complicated and messy and unpredictable, and every pregnancy, like every fetus and every baby, is different.
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
The stones I saw are a reproduction of the original.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 繁殖，生殖; 再生产，再现，[心]再生作用; 复制品
分布：生殖(43%)，复制(39%)，再现(17%)，幼树(1%)
→来自 reproduce,复制，繁殖。
noun
PRODUCING YOUNG 生育下一代
 ADVANCED uncountable
■the process of producing babies or young animals and plants 生殖；生育；繁殖
• human/ sexual reproduction 人类繁衍／有性生殖
• We are researching reproduction in elephants/ the reproduction of elephants. 我们正在研究大象的繁殖问题。
[ˌri:.prə'dʌk.ʃən] noun
COPY 复制
countable or uncountable
■a copy of something, especially a painting, or the process of copying something （尤指画作的）复制品；复制，翻版
• The book contains excellent colour reproductions of Monet's paintings. 这本书有莫内作品的精美彩色翻版插图。
• This system has excellent sound reproduction. 这套系统的声音效果极佳。
model, facsimile, duplicate, reproduction, copy
这组词都有“复制品”的意思，其区别是：
model: 可指按某物式样制造、按比例缩小的模型，也可指某物未制成之前做出的模型。
facsimile: 含义与copy大体相同，但较文雅。
duplicate: 常指完全一模一样，可代替原件的复制品。
reproduction: 批按原物复制的产品，着重复制品与原物相似。
copy: 普通用词，含义广泛，指精确的或不精确的复制品。
n. [生物] 繁殖，生殖； [古] 复制；复制品
 - generation, breeding, propagation, get

Word: tamper
Front: tamper
[ˈtæmpə(r)] (托雅宝 11932/13679 -1)
Vocabulary: tamper
(once / 2108 pages)
vn
To tamper is to alter or mess with something, usually for a bad reason. Tamper also refers to being nosy about someone's business. Don’t tamper with anything; it’s annoying.
Tamper involves sticking your nose where it doesn't belong. One kind of tampering involves meddling in other people's affairs. The other kind of tampering has to do with things. If you tamper with financial records, you alter them. Sometimes medicine or food will come with a label that says “tamper proof,” like when a bottle of vitamins is sealed so that you can’t open it until you buy it.
WORD FAMILY
tamper: tampered, tampering, tampers+/tamp: tamped, tamper, tamping, tamps/tampering: tamperings
USAGE EXAMPLES
She faces charges of murder and tampering with evidence.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Clark faces first-degree witness tampering charges, which carry a sentence of up to 20 years.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He’s charged with felony tampering with evidence and two misdemeanors for careless discharge of a firearm.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 窜改
vi. 篡改; （用不正当手段）影响，干预; 瞎摆弄; 贿赂
n. 夯，夯具; 捣乱者; 填塞者; 反射器
时态：tampered, tampering, tampers
分布：篡改(53%)，干预(24%)，贿赂(15%)，玩弄(8%)
→来自 tamper,混合灰泥，搅匀泥土，来自 temper 拼写变体，来自 temper,调和，调制。比喻用 法，后引申词义篡改，擅自改动。
【记】源于：temper（v 锻炼；调节）错误的调节－tamper
US [-pɚ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  tamper with sth
■to touch or make changes to something which you should not, usually without enough knowledge of how it works or when you are trying to damage it 胡乱摆弄；擅自改动；蓄意破坏
• I could see at once that the lock had been tampered with. 我一下子就能看出锁已被人动过了。
vi. 篡改；干预；损害；削弱；玩弄；贿赂
 - intervene in, take a hand in
vt. 篡改
 - manipulate, interpolate

Word: sleeve
Front: sleeve
[sli:v] (高研四六 4567/4169 -K2)
Back: n. [机]套筒，套管; 袖子，袖套; 唱片套
vt. 给…装袖子; 给…装套筒
分布：袖子(75%)，套管(25%)
→来自古英语 sliefe,袖子，来自 Proto-Germanic*slaubjon,滑进，来自 sleubh,滑动，滑进， 词源同 slip.字面意思即胳膊滑进去的套子。
n.袖子Step by step, the sleepy creeper crawled into my sleeve to sleep.昏昏欲睡的爬虫一步一步爬进我的袖子里睡觉.
noun countable
CLOTHING PART 衣服
 IMPROVER (also arm)
■the part of a piece of clothing that covers some or all of the arm 袖子
• short/long sleeves 短／长袖
• The sleeves are too long for me. 对我来说，这袖子太长了。
• You'd better roll your sleeves up or you'll get them dirty. 你最好卷起袖子，否则会把它们弄脏的。
[sli:v] noun countable
COVER 封套 UK (US jacket)
■a cover to protect something 封套，防护罩
• Can you put the record back in its sleeve, please? 你能把唱片放回封套里吗?
■a tube-shaped covering to protect a part of a machine （机器的）套筒
[sli:v] noun countable
have sth up your sleeve informal
■to have secret plans or ideas 暗中留有一招；藏有锦囊妙计
• If I know Mark he'll have one or two tricks up his sleeve. 如果说我还算了解马克，我知道他总会留着一两招。
n. 套筒， [机] 套管；袖子， [服装] 袖套
 - arm, connecting

Word: absurdly
Front: absurdly
[əb'sɜ:dlɪ] (16888/14080)
Back: adv. 荒谬地，荒唐地
分布：荒诞地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
荒谬的；荒唐的；不合理的
If you say that something is absurd, you are criticizing it because you think that it is ridiculous or that it does not make sense.
例：It is absurd to be discussing compulsory redundancy policies for teachers...讨论针对教师的强制裁员政策真是滑稽可笑。
例：I've known clients of mine go to absurd lengths, just to avoid paying me a few pounds...我知道我的一些客户就为了少付我几英镑，可谓无所不用其极。
adv. 荒谬地；愚蠢地；悖理地
 - preposterously, nonsensically

Word: ancestral
Front: ancestral
[æn'sestrəl] (托 8966/11879 -1)
Vocabulary: ancestral
(once / 1409 pages)
adj
Ancestral things have been around so long that they once belonged to your ancestors, the family members who lived before your grandparents were born.
Your ancestral home is the place your great-grandparents or great-great-uncle once lived. You can also use this adjective to describe things that someone inherited from ancestors, like your friend's ancestral beach cottage or your mom's ancestral set of silverware. Ancestral comes from the Late Latin antecessor, "predecessor," or literally "forgoer," from the root antecedere, "to precede."
WORD FAMILY
ancestral: ancestrally+/ ancestor: ancestors, ancestral
USAGE EXAMPLES
Among the 4,000 sites are fishing and hunting processing areas, ancestral village areas and tribal corridors.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Now he is working at a construction site for half that amount near his ancestral village of Barbata, far away.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Many Israelis consider the settlements to be in the ancestral homeland of the Jews and refer to them by their biblical names, Judea and Samaria.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 祖先的; 与祖先有关的; 祖宗传下的
分布：祖先的(65%)，祖传的(35%)
ADJ
祖先的；祖传的
You use ancestral to refer to a person's family in former times, especially when the family is important and has property or land which they have had for a long time.
例：...the family's ancestral home in southern Germany.这个家族在德国南部的祖居
例：...the ancestral portraits in the hallway.走廊里祖先的画像
adj. [生物] 祖先的； [遗] 祖传的
 - patrimonial

Word: alternatively
Front: alternatively
[ɔ:lˈtɜ:nətɪvli] (10494/4030 -K2)
Back: adv. 二者择一地; 要不然; 或者
分布：二者择一地(58%)，或者(28%)，作为选择(14%)
US [ɑ:l'tɝ:.nə.tˌɪv-] adverb
 ADVANCED
■used to suggest another possibility （用来建议别种可能性）要不，或者
• We could go to the Indian restaurant, or alternatively, we could try that new Italian place. 我们可以去那家印度餐馆，或者也可以到那家新开的义大利餐馆尝尝。

Word: clampdown
Front: clampdown
[ˈklæmpdaʊn] (32835/25074 -1)
Back: n. 压制，取缔，严禁; 限制与控制的强行施加
分布：取缔(67%)，严禁(26%)，制裁(7%)
noun countable
■a sudden action taken by a government or people in authority to stop or limit a particular activity 取缔；严禁；强行限制；压制
• Following the military coup, there has been a clampdown on press reporting in the capital. 军事政变后，首都的新闻报道受到了严格限制。
n. 压制；取缔；严禁
 - hold-down, supression

Word: computerise

Word: grocer
Front: grocer
[ˈgrəʊsə(r)] (高研四六 14410/11854 -1)
Back: n. 食品商; 杂货商
分布：杂货店(87%)，食品杂货商(13%)
→来自gross, 总计，汇总。原指批发商，现也指杂货商。
n.食品商,杂货商The gross grocer crossed his legs before the boss.粗鄙的杂货商在老板面前叉起腿子.
US ['groʊ.sɚ] old-fashioned
noun countable
■a person who owns or works in a shop selling food and small things for the home 食品杂货店店主（或店员）
⇒ See also greengrocer
n. 杂货店；食品商
 - general store, variety store

Word: ethnicity
Front: ethnicity
[eθˈnɪsəti] (5432/13333)
Vocabulary: ethnicity
(once / 13326 pages)
n
A person's ethnicity is their ethnic traits, classification, or association. If your ethnicity is Italian, you might speak Italian in the home and eat Italian food. Or you might simply refer to yourself as Italian and identify with your ethnicity in no other way.
Usually, ethnicity is a collective noun, but in the singular, an ethnicity is a particular ethnic group. The adjective ethnic relates to large groups of people who have certain racial, cultural, religious, or other traits in common. In Middle English, ethnic meant heathen or pagan. The word is from Late Latin ethnicus, from Greek ethnikos "foreign," from ethnos "nation."
WORD FAMILY
ethnicity: ethnicities+/ ethnic: ethnical, ethnically, ethnicity, ethnics, multi-ethnic, multiethnic
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lane said categorizing foods by ethnicity is commonplace in the restaurant industry.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
This was a year in which vulgarity, divisiveness and exclusion won – a triumph for dystopian visions of race, nation and ethnicity.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
“To bring in people of different ethnicities and from different backgrounds just felt important.”
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 种族地位，种族特点，种族渊源
分布：种族划分(91%)，属于少数民族(9%)
N-VAR
种族特点;种族渊源
Ethnicity is the state or fact of belonging to a particular ethnic group.
例：He said his ethnicity had not been important to him.他说他的种族渊源对他向来都不重要。

Word: conscript
Front: conscript
[kənˈskrɪpt] (宝 19067/16842 -1)
Vocabulary: conscript
(once / 1547 pages)
vn
If you’re ever drafted into the Turkish army, then you could be called a conscript, someone who is forced to join the military.
At the root of conscript is the Latin word conscriptus, meaning “enroll.” Conscript does involve enrollment — but it’s a forced enrollment, used to describe someone who has been forced to join the military, such as someone who has been drafted. As a verb, conscript means "force to join," like a military that conscripts new soldiers. In contrast, those who choose to join are recruited; when they enter the service, they enlist.
WORD FAMILY
conscript: conscripted, conscripting, conscription, conscripts+/ conscription: conscriptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said that some of the guards were young conscripts who wept when they saw their peers hauled in as prisoners.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
As a result, Dr. Browder was conscripted into the Army at 25.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Residents say they fear reprisals from government forces or being forcibly conscripted.
BBC(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 被征入伍者
adj. 被征入伍的
vt. 征兵
时态：conscripted, conscripting, conscripts
分布：征召(48%)，征兵(31%)，应征士兵(21%)
→con-, 强调。-script, 写，词源同description.
壮丁,新兵(con+script)[scrib,script=write,表示"写"]
【记】con共同，script写－把小兵们的名字写入一张纸上－强行征兵
【参】prescription（n 指示；命令；处方）；scripture（n 《圣经》；圣书）
[kən'skrɪpt/ (US usually draft)
verb transitive
■to force someone by law to serve in one of the armed forces 征召，招募
• He was conscripted into the army at the age of 18. 他18岁被征召入伍。
vt. 征召
 - call sb up

Word: imagery
Front: imagery
[ˈɪmɪdʒəri] (托 5197/7324 -1)
Vocabulary: imagery
(once / 1859 pages)
n
Picture this: imagery is a noun to describe the way things or ideas seem in your mind or in art or literature.
Imagery comes from image and originally referred to physical things like statues. Now it is more often used of an artist's or writer's depictions ("Shakespeare's imagery shows a wide knowledge of the world") or of the pictures of the world in someone's mind. Think of imagery as being the stockpile of your imagination. If the imagery in your dreams is a little scary, it might be time to stop eating those spicy meatball sandwiches right before bedtime.
WORD FAMILY
imagery: imageries+/ image: imaged, imagery, images, imaging, imagism/imaging: imagings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In these deliberately tarnished tales, such wondrousness mainly shines through in their often beautiful imagery.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
And how many Hollywood celebrities publicly bemoaned their own insecurities with such striking self-deprecating imagery?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Such apocalyptic imagery may be more likely to become a self‐fulfilling prophecy than to rouse people to action.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 比喻，形象化的描述; 意象; 〈集合词〉像，肖像，画像，雕像; 塑像术
分布：图像(48%)，意象(41%)，比喻(10%)，肖像(1%)
→来自image,形象，印象，影像。
US [-dʒɚ-] noun uncountable
■the use of words or pictures in books, films, paintings, etc. to describe ideas or situations （书籍、电影、绘画等中的）意象，形象化描述
• The imagery in the poem is mostly to do with death. 这首诗中的意象大多与死亡有关。
n. 像；意象；比喻；形象化
 - comparison, visualization

Word: harmonious
Front: harmonious
[hɑ:ˈməʊniəs] (六托 12523/11319 -1)
Vocabulary: harmonious
(once / 814 pages)
1adj 2adj
Things that are harmonious go together nicely, like notes in music or people that work well as a team.
The idea of things being harmonious comes from music — when certain notes sound good together, they are harmonious. But this concept applies to many other things and people, too. You could say pieces of art that look good next to each other are harmonious. A basketball team that shares the ball and gets along well is harmonious. Anytime people get along, they're being harmonious. In a totally harmonious society, there would be no war or hate.
WORD FAMILY
harmonious: disharmonious, harmoniously, harmoniousness, inharmonious, unharmonious+/disharmonious: disharmoniously/disharmonize: disharmonizing/harmonic: harmonically, harmonics, inharmonic, nonharmonic/harmonise: harmonisation, harmonised, harmoniser, harmonises, harmonising, reharmonise/harmonization: harmonizations/ harmonize: disharmonize, harmonizable, harmonization, harmonized, harmonizer, harmonizes, harmonizing, reharmonize/harmonizer: harmonizers/ harmony: harmonic, harmonical, harmonies, harmonious, harmonise, harmonize /inharmonious: inharmoniously, inharmoniousness/inharmoniousness: inharmoniousnesses/reharmonise: reharmonisation/reharmonize: reharmonization, reharmonized/unharmonious: unharmoniously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Physical tiredness is essential for a harmonious evening.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“The public domain,” he said, explored the flip side: What people gain by more harmonious collective experiences.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The two halves of the painting closely mirror each other, a lattice of harmonious symmetry, while the whole buzzes in unfettered, electric lime.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 和谐的，融洽的; 协调的; 音调优美的; 悦耳的
分布：和谐的(83%)，和睦的(16%)，音调优美的(1%)
【记】harmony（n 协调；融洽）
【反】acrimonious（adj 严厉的；辛辣的）
US [hɑ:r'moʊ-] adjective
MUSIC 音乐
■having a pleasant tune or harmony 悦耳的，和谐的
UK [hɑ:'məʊ.ni.əs] US [hɑ:r'moʊ-] adjective
PLEASANT 令人愉快的
■friendly and peaceful 和睦的；协调的
• harmonious relations between the country's ethnic groups 国家内部不同民族间的和谐关系
adj. 和谐的，和睦的；协调的；悦耳的
 - united, balanced, sweet, friendly, musical

Word: ineffectual
Front: ineffectual
[ˌɪnɪˈfektʃuəl] (宝 17367/14052 -1)
Vocabulary: ineffectual
(once / 1413 pages)
adj
If you are a coach with a losing team that doesn't listen to you, don't be surprised if you are called ineffectual. It means too weak to produce the desired effect.
Ineffectual as a word is similar to ineffective, but while ineffective implies that something simply doesn't work, ineffectual carries with it the idea of weakness too. A broken baseball bat is ineffective, a baseball bat made out of felt? Ineffectual.
WORD FAMILY
ineffectual: ineffectuality, ineffectually, ineffectualness+/ effectual: effectuality, effectually, effectualness, ineffectual /ineffectuality: ineffectualities
USAGE EXAMPLES
For many Taiwanese, the Republic of China, Taiwan’s official name, is a figleaf for independence; Sun is an old ineffectual ghost.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Europe is being swept by populist fury, much of it directed at the European Union — at its centralizing tendencies and its often ineffectual results.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
It’s a staff that, on balance, considers the agency’s commissioners bickering blowhards, top managers ineffectual, career prospects bleak and work environment dreary.
Salon(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 无效的，不起作用的; 徒劳无益的
n. 无用的人; 无一技之长者
分布：无益的(60%)，白费的(40%)
→in-,不，非，effectual,有效的。
[ˌɪn.ɪ'fek.tju.əl] formal
adjective
■not skilled at achieving, or not able to produce, good results 无能力的；不起作用的，无效果的
• an ineffectual leader 无能的领袖
• The teachers were ineffectual at maintaining discipline. 这些老师无力维持纪律。
adj. 无效的，不起作用的；徒劳无益的
 - useless, invalid
n. 无用的人；无一技之长者
 - nebbish, lame duck

Word: kaiser
Front: kaiser
['kaɪzə(r)] (32097/16163)
Back: n. 皇帝
分布：皇帝(82%)，独裁者(18%)
→来自德语Kaiser,来自古罗马执政官凯撒大帝Gaius Julius Caesar.后被德国和俄罗斯借用于皇帝称呼。比较其同源异体词czar,tsar.

Word: inconsistent
Front: inconsistent
[ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt] (7031/7845 -1)
Vocabulary: inconsistent
(once / 518 pages)
adj
Inconsistent describes something that's varied or irregular. So if you're supposed to floss every day, but you only remember every now and then, your commitment to oral hygiene could be called inconsistent.
The adjective inconsistent first came into use in the 1640’s, with the sense of “not agreeing in substance or form.” Broken down into its roots, in plus consistent, the word literally means "not consistent." Behavior, results in lab experiments, and your cooking skills could all be described as inconsistent if they are irregular, spotty, and hard to predict.
WORD FAMILY
inconsistent: inconsistency, inconsistently+/ consistent: consistently, inconsistent, self-consistent/ inconsistency: inconsistencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
State officials say it’s been hard to plan long term and recruit and train candidates in off-election years due to inconsistent funding from the DNC.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The rate of warming we are seeing, in both the air and ocean temperatures, is inconsistent with the fanciful and optimistic beliefs of this group.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
But nothing was found other than inconsistent driving logs.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 不一致的，不调和的; 前后矛盾的，不合逻辑的; 反复无常的; 歧出
分布：不一致的(94%)，反复无常的(6%)
→in-,不，非，consistent,一致的。
adjective
NOT AGREEING 不一致的
■If a reason, idea, opinion, etc. is inconsistent, different parts of it do not agree, or it does not agree with something else 不一致的；不协调的
• These findings are inconsistent with those of previous studies. 这些研究结果与以前的不一致。
[ˌɪn.kən'sɪs.tənt] adjective
CHANGING 易变的
■not staying the same in behaviour or quality 易变的，反覆无常的
• The teacher said that Alex's schoolwork was very inconsistent. 老师说亚历克斯的功课时好时坏。
• Problems arise if the parents' approach to discipline is inconsistent. 如果家长对孩子的管束时宽时严就会出现问题。
adj. 不一致的；前后矛盾的
 - nonuniform, discordant

Word: nationalistic
Front: nationalistic
[ˌnæʃnəˈlɪstɪk] (14557/19819)
Vocabulary: nationalistic
(once / 10944 pages)
adj
Someone who's nationalistic believes their country is better than any other country. Flying the U.S. flag in your yard makes you patriotic, but getting an enormous tattoo of it is a clue that you're nationalistic.
Nationalism is an extreme form of patriotism in which people aren't just proud of their country or culture, but feel strongly that it's superior to others. Believing this makes someone nationalistic. Both words stem from nationalist, once a synonym for patriot, from an obsolete meaning of national, meaning "patriotic." The Latin root is nationem, "origin, species, or tribe."
WORD FAMILY
nationalistic: nationalistically+/International: Internationals/denationalise: denationalisation, denationalised, denationalising/denationalize: denationalization, denationalized, denationalizes, denationalizing/ international: internationalise, internationalism, internationality, internationalize, internationally/internationalise: internationalisation, internationalised, internationalising/ internationalism: internationalist, internationalistic/internationalist: internationalists/internationality: internationalities/internationalize: internationalization, internationalized, internationalizes, internationalizing/ nation: national, nationhood, nations/ national: International, international, multinational, nationalise, nationalism, nationality, nationalize, nationally, nationals, supranational, transnational /nationalise: denationalise, nationalisation, nationalised, nationalising/ nationalism: nationalisms, nationalist, nationalistic, ultranationalism/ nationalist: nationalists/ nationality: nationalities/ nationalization: nationalizations/nationalize: denationalize, nationalization, nationalized, nationalizes, nationalizing/nationhood: nationhoods/supranational: supranationally/ultranationalism: ultranationalistic
USAGE EXAMPLES
It also demonstrates that both countries are so focused on protecting their Syria agendas that even their nationalistic, grievance-prone leaders would rather play it cool.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Ronald Reagan’s message was often seen as nationalistic, wrongly.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
"We should be talking about the universal values that unite us, not using nationalistic terms that exclude people," he said.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 民族主义的; 国家主义的
分布：民族主义的(70%)，国家的(20%)，民族的(10%)
[ˌnæʃ.ən.əl'ɪs.tɪk] [ˌnæʃ.nə'lɪs-] mainly disapproving
adjective
■being too proud of your own country 国家主义的；民族主义的
• a nationalistic viewpoint 民族主义的观点
adj. 民族主义的；国家的
 - state, natl

Word: overload
Front: overload
[ˌəʊvəˈləʊd] (六托 14339/13840 -1)
Vocabulary: overload
(once / 3362 pages)
vn
To overload is to load an excessive amount in or on something, such as an overload of electricity which shorts out the circuits. Overloading causes a "Too much!" situation.
To overload is to push something or someone too far. A supervisor can overload an employee by assigning a too much work. People can overload a bus if there are too many of them. A fuse will blow if too many appliances overload the circuits; this is called an overload (the noun form). When something gets overloaded, it usually stops working. Hair can overload or clog a sink, which will stop draining water. When something gets overloaded, there's more of something than it can handle.
WORD FAMILY
overload: overloaded, overloading, overloads+/ load: loaded, loader, loading, loads, overload, reload, superload, unload /loader: loaders, self-loader/loading: loadings, self-loading/reload: reloaded, reloading, reloads/ unload: unloaded, unloading, unloads/unloading: unloadings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But there’s a thin line between delivering a few memorable facts and stories and overloading visitors with mundane details.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He recounted in vivid detail his harrowing journey from Afghanistan, when an overloaded smuggler’s boat from Turkey capsized near the shores of Greece.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
On Jan. 9, 2015, four men returning from the fields died when their overloaded van plowed into a tractor-trailer in Fresno County.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 使负担太重; 使超载; 超过负荷
n. 过多，过量，超负荷
时态：overloaded, overloading, overloads
分布：超载(43%)，负荷(30%)，使超载(13%)，过多(10%)，给…增加负担(4%)
→over-,超过，过度，load,装载。引申词义过载。
US [ˌoʊ.və˞ˈloʊd/
■to put too many things in or on something 使超载，使负荷过重
• Don't overload the washing machine, or it won't work properly. 别塞太多衣服进洗衣机，否则它就不能正常工作了。
■to put too much electricity through an electrical system 使（电路）过载
noun countable or uncountable UK [ˈəʊ.və.ləʊd] US [ˈoʊ.və˞.loʊd/
■when something or someone is overloaded （某物）超载；（某人）过重的负担
• People today suffer from information overload (= being given too much information). 如今过大的信息量使人们应接不暇。
• There was an overload on the electrical circuit and the fuse blew. 电路超负荷，保险丝烧断了。
n. [交] [电] 超载；负荷过多
 - superimposed load, surcharge

Word: pluralism
Front: pluralism
[ˈplʊərəlɪzəm] (9333/10784 -1)
Vocabulary: pluralism
(once / 9633 pages)
1n 2n 3n
If you believe in pluralism, you believe that people of all races, classes, religions, and backgrounds should be able to get along on equal footing in society.
Can you hear the word plural, meaning "more than one," in pluralism? Someone who believes in pluralism believes that there are many different ways to live, and thinks that government and society should be structured in such a way as to encourage and appreciate people's differences. The extreme opposite of pluralism is totalitarianism, when one supreme dictator makes all the decisions and no one can contradict him. In the Catholic Church, pluralism is also the practice of holding more than one office at once.
WORD FAMILY
pluralism: pluralist, pluralistic +/ plural: pluralise, pluralism, plurality, pluralize, plurally, plurals/pluralise: pluralisation, pluralising/pluralist: pluralists/ pluralistic: pluralistically/ plurality: pluralities/pluralize: pluralization, pluralized, pluralizes, pluralizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
In some ways, “One Dance” unassumingly flies directly in the face of Roof’s refusal of pluralism and intersectional identity as the future of planetary humanity.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Most troubling is way that Trump is shaping the White House to undermine American pluralism and advance a vision of ethno-nationalist government.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
“We should not import Middle East extremism. We should export our moderate Islamic philosophy and pluralism.”
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 多元化，多元主义; 多元性（不同种族、不同政治或宗教信仰的多种群体共存）; 兼职
分布：多元论(100%)
→来自plural,多元的，-ism,主义，思想。
US ['plʊr.əl.ɪ-] noun uncountable
■the existence of different types of people, who have different beliefs and opinions, within the same society 多元性；多元化
• After years of state control, the country is now moving towards political/religious/cultural pluralism. 在政府多年控制之后，该国正走向政治／宗教／文化的多元化。
■the belief that the existence of different types of people within the same society is a good thing 多元主义
• They are committed to democracy, human rights and pluralism. 他们信奉民主、人权和多元主义。
n. 多元主义；多元论；兼任
 - additional post

Word: placebo
Front: placebo
[pləˈsi:bəʊ] (宝 9399/10927 -1)
Vocabulary: placebo
(once / 6301 pages)
1n 2n
A patient's symptoms sometimes disappear just because they believe that they are being treated. Even when doctors give them a biologically inactive drug, otherwise known as a placebo, the patients swear they are cured.
In clinical drug-trials, to rule out what is called the placebo effect, scientists give half of the trial participants a placebo. If a government replaces food stamps with a coloring book give-away, it might be dismissed by child advocates as nothing more than a placebo. Placēbō is Latin for "I'll please (you)," in other words, I'll keep you happy, even though I'm just giving you a placebo.
WORD FAMILY
placebo: placebos
USAGE EXAMPLES
None of the babies that received a placebo did.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Some show symptom improvement; others show the treatment is no better than placebo.
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
For certain ailments, so many people respond so strongly to placebos that it’s impossible to tell if the drug being tested is working or not.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 安慰剂; 宽心话; 为死者所诵的晚祷词; （试验药物用的）无效对照剂
分布：安慰剂(99%)，安慰话(1%)
→来自拉丁语placate,安抚，安慰，-bo,将来指示格，词源同gazebo.
安慰药(plac+ebo药品→平静的药→安慰药)[plac=toplease,表示"取悦,使满意,使平静"]
【记】place平静，安慰，bo剂－安慰剂
US [-boʊ] (plural placebos)
noun countable
■a substance given to someone who is told that it is a particular medicine, either to make them feel as if they are getting better or to compare the effect of the particular medicine when given to others 安慰剂
• She was only given a placebo, but she claimed she got better - that's the placebo effect. 她只是服用了安慰剂，但她说好一些了——这就是“宽心药效”。
■something that is given to try to satisfy a person who has not been given the thing they really want 使人宽慰的事；安抚话
• These small concessions have been made as a placebo to stop the workers making further demands. 这些小让步就像安慰剂一样，可以避免工人提出更多的要求。

Word: seep
Front: seep
[si:p] (托雅宝 8656/9497 -1)
Vocabulary: seep
(once / 4827 pages)
v
Seep means to leak slowly. When you see the word, imagine water coming in through your sneakers on a rainy day. It's not a lot of water, but your feet still get pretty wet.
The word seep is related to the Dutch word for ooze. Oil seeps from the earth and blood seeps from a wound. Seep falls somewhere between gush and drip on a scale of how liquid flows and suggests a liquid that is thick, and unwanted. In the figurative sense, some things that seep, like bad thoughts that seep into your mind, are also unwanted. But sometimes you wish that the flow would increase like when financial aid only seeps into a disaster zone.
WORD FAMILY
seep: seepage, seeped, seeping, seeps+/seepage: seepages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Emotion would seep through later, triggered by a news alert, a mindless cleaning task, a photograph.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Is it the global doom seeping into fiction, or just a coincidence?
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Seawater, but not marine organisms, would seep through the sand, supplying a main pipe connected to the desalination complex.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vi. （液体）渗; 渗透; 渗出; 漏出
n. 水陆两用吉普车; 小水坑
时态：seeped, seeping, seeps
分布：渗出(51%)，渗漏(28%)，小泉(13%)，水坑(8%)
→来自古英语 sipian,渗透，流出，来自 Proto-Germanic*sip,渗透，流出，来自 seip,流出， 溢出，词源同 soap,sebum.
【记】see看，p屁：看屁seep
【区】peep（v /n 偷看）
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to move or spread slowly out of a hole or through something 渗出；渗漏
• Pesticides are seeping out of farmland and into the water supply. 杀虫剂正从农田中渗出，进入供水系统。
• figurative Given the intense secrecy of the arms business, information only seeps out in company literature. 由于军火贸易极度保密，只能从公司的资料中获得一点蛛丝马迹。
vi. 漏；渗出
 - leak
n. 小泉；水陆两用的吉普车
 - springlet

Word: swoop
Front: swoop
[swu:p] (9667/10134 -1)
Vocabulary: swoop
(once / 1231 pages)
vn
To swoop is to move downward quickly and dramatically, like an eagle that swoops down to catch its prey.
A swoop is an impressive movement best demonstrated by a bird. If a bird is high in the air, then moves down quickly, making an arc or loop, that's an example of a swoop. People can also swoop — three muggers might swoop in on a victim, for example. The phrase "one fell swoop" means "all at once," and Shakespeare used it first, in "Macbeth:" "What, All my pretty Chickens, and their Dam, At one fell swoop?"
WORD FAMILY
swoop: swooped, swooping, swoops
USAGE EXAMPLES
The American eagle swoops a little closer to the growling Russian bear.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
A huge, swooping hat dominates a picture of Milly, from Henry James’s “The Wings of the Dove.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
One mask depicts Yeats with a swoop of lustrous white hair, his jaw shut by knotted strings.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. （鹰）俯冲，猛冲; 突然扑向
vt. 出其不意的抓起
n. 飞扑，攫取; [航]下扑
时态：swooped, swooping, swoops
分布：猛扑(36%)，突然袭击(31%)，俯冲(20%)，攫取(11%)，抓取(2%)
→来自 sweep 拼写变体，引申比喻义猛冲，俯冲。
verb intransitive
■to move very quickly and easily through the air, especially down from a height in order to attack （尤指为进攻而从高处）俯冲，向下猛扑
• The eagle swooped down to snatch a young rabbit. 鹰俯冲而下，抓补一只小兔子。
■informal
■to make a sudden attack on a place or group of people in order to surround and catch them （为围捕而）突然袭击
• Undercover police swooped on three houses in Bristol at 5 a.m. this morning. 今天早上五点，卧底的员警突击搜查了布里斯托尔的三间房子。
vi. 猛扑；突然袭击；突然下降；飞扑
 - bound on, surprise attack
n. 猛扑；俯冲；突然袭击
 - surprise, subduction
vt. 攫取；抓去
 - grab, pounce at

Word: barney
Front: barney
[ˈbɑ:ni] (-/13306)
Back: n. 大吵大闹; 小矿车
分布：名词(100%)
→来自韵律俚语Barney Rubble，由trouble逆构。
US ['bɑ:r-] mainly UK informal
noun countable
■a loud argument 大吵大闹
n. 大吵大闹；拉曳器
 - roughhouse

Word: bacterium
Front: bacterium
[bæk'tɪərɪəm] (高研六雅宝 -/4650)
Vocabulary: bacterium
(once / 12974 pages)
n
Use the word bacterium when you're talking about a single-celled organism. Your uncle's bad case of pneumonia might be caused by a bacterium.
You're more likely to be familiar with the plural form of bacterium, bacteria. A bacterium is frequently the cause of diseases, specifically those known as bacterial illnesses. In biology, a bacterium is simply a microorganism, or a very tiny living thing, with cell walls but no distinct nucleus. The word itself comes from the Greek word bakterion, "small stick or rod," which describes a bacterium's shape when seen under a microscope.
WORD FAMILY
bacterium
USAGE EXAMPLES
Just as critically, the antibodies in the mice would kill the Lyme bacterium in any ticks that bite them.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
In 2011, an antibiotic-resistant bacterium spread through the clinical center, infecting 17 people, seven of whom died as a result of the outbreak.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
In people who are susceptible to leprosy, the immune system overlooks the bacterium and enables the infection to become established.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 细菌（复数为bacteria）
分布：细菌(100%)
n.(pl.)bacteria细菌
US [-'tɪr.i-] (plural bacteria)
noun countable usually plural
■a type of very small organism that lives in air, earth, water, plants and animals, often one which causes a disease 细菌
• an illness caused by bacteria in drinking water 饮水中细菌所引起的疾病
• The bacterium `Streptococcus pneumoniae' causes about a third of some 3000 annual meningitis cases. 在每年大约3000宗脑膜炎病例中，有1/3左右是由一种叫“肺炎链球菌”的细菌所引起的。
n. [微] 细菌；杆菌属
 - microbe, bacilus

Word: conform
Front: conform
[kənˈfɔ:m] (研六托雅宝 6957/4792 -2)
Vocabulary: conform
(once / 359 pages)
v
To conform means to adapt to fit in with new conditions. So if you travel to Morocco, you should conform to the local custom and adjust your usual wardrobe to one that is more modest.
Sometimes conform gets a bad rap, carrying with it the sense of compromising one’s individuality to fit in or please others. But take note that it doesn’t always have to carry such a negative charge. For example, the manager of a factory that produces bouncy balls would want each ball that came off his conveyor belts to conform to a high standard of durability, bounciness, and roundness.
WORD FAMILY
conform: conformable, conformance, conformation, conformed, conforming, conformism, conformity, conforms+/Nonconformist: Nonconformists/ conformable: conformably, unconformable/conformance: nonconformance/ conformation: conformations/conforming: nonconforming/conformism: conformist, nonconformism/ conformist: conformists, unconformist/ conformity: conformities, nonconformity /nonconformism: Nonconformist, nonconformist / nonconformist: nonconformists/ nonconformity: nonconformities/unconformable: unconformably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Conforming to no stereotype — they were health-food enthusiasts and hippie-bashers — they were each, in their way, sympathetic to visual art.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
McCully, however, refused to back down, telling Netanyahu: “This resolution conforms to our policy and we will move it forward.”
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
The measures “conform to the expectations of the masses,” Xinhua said in a commentary on Saturday.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vi. 符合; 遵照; 适应环境
vt. 使遵守; 使一致; 使顺从
adj. 一致的; 顺从的
时态：conformed, conforming, conforms
分布：遵从(69%)，使一致(31%)
→con-, 强调。-form, 形状。即形成同一形状的，相一致的。
使一致;遵从(con共同+form_→形式共同→一致)[form=shape,表示"形状"]
vi.(to)遵守,适应;相似,一致,符合We must conform to the rules.我们必须准守规定.
【记】con共同，form形状－有共同的形状－一致；符合
【参】conformism（n 盲目因袭；墨守成规）
【反】dissent（v 不同意）；not hew to（不遵守）；anomalous（adj 反常的）－conforming to an established rule（符合既定原则的）
US [-'fɔ:rm] verb intransitive
■to behave according to the usual standards of behaviour which are expected by a group or society 顺从；遵从；随大流，顺应习俗
• At our school, you were required to conform, and there was no place for originality. 我们学校要求每个人循规蹈矩，容不得创新求变。
UK [kən'fɔ:m] US [-'fɔ:rm] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  conform to/with sth
■to obey a rule or reach the necessary stated standard, or to do things in a traditional way 遵守，遵照；符合，达到；依照
• Before buying a pram, make sure that it conforms to the official safety standards. 购买婴儿车之前，要确保它符合官方的安全标准。
• Members must conform to a strict dress code. 成员们必须遵守严格的衣着规定。
conform, correspond, accord, coincide, agree
这组词都有“符合、一致”的意思，其区别是：
conform: 强调在形状、性格以及主要特点等方面的相似或一致。
correspond: 指在进行比较时，两个事物在某一个重要方面或细节上互相匹配、一致。
accord: 着重指性格、精神、语气或质量等方面的完全一致。
coincide: 多用于指观点、判断、愿望、利益或兴趣的一致或相符。偶尔用于人，强调意见或观点完全相同。
agree: 侧重指经过比较后的所有主要部分均和谐一致，无冲突和矛盾。
conform, comply, abide, adhere
这组词都有“遵守”的意思，其区别是：
conform: v.后接to表示“遵守，符合”。
 • All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.   每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。
comply: v.后接with表示“遵守，服从”，用于正式的场合。
 • Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.   我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。
abide: v.后接by表示“遵守，同意”。
 • I will abide by the director' decision.   我将遵从主任的决定。
adhere: v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持；粘附”也经常被考到。)
 • Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.   汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。
fit, accommodate, conform, suit, adjust, adapt
这组词都有“使适合，适应”的意思，其区别是：
fit: 含义广，指人或物适合或适应某一目的或用途。
accommodate: 书面用词，指以外部条件标准改变自己或某事以求得适应，着重改变或调节的有利。
conform: 多指与某模式或规则相符，也引申指改变习惯等以适应新的环境。
suit: 指适合要求，从而使人满意愉快。
adjust: 与adapt含义很接近，但adjust所改变的幅度要小一些，侧重过程，主要用于调整角度、高度、光点等。
adapt: 指人或物在原有情况下作某些改变以适应新的环境或不同的条件，强调改变的目的和重要性。
approve, conform, conceive, agree
approve: 赞同 ~ of
conform: 符合，与……相一致 ~ to
conceive: 设想，一位，怀有 ~ of
agree: 同意 ~with/to/on
vi. 符合；遵照；适应环境
 - accord, meet with
vt. 使遵守；使一致；使顺从
 - accord, reconcile
adj. 一致的；顺从的
 - united, consistent, matching, uniform, corresponding

Word: detonate
Front: detonate
[ˈdetəneɪt] (宝 12637/19272 -1)
Vocabulary: detonate
(once / 2604 pages)
v
Boom! To detonate is to explode or cause something to explode. If a bad guy lights the fuse of a stick of dynamite, run before it detonates!
In war, there is a lot of detonating, which is when something violently explodes, like bombs or grenades. When someone steps on a landmine, it detonates. The detonating of nuclear bombs devastated Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II. Also, to detonate is to set off a bomb. Pushing a button, flicking a switch, or lighting a fuse could detonate a bomb. Either way, to detonate is to blow up.
WORD FAMILY
detonate: detonated, detonates, detonating, detonation, detonative, detonator+/ detonation: detonations/detonator: detonators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Once the workers gathered around, he detonated the vehicle.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Cakmak, the security guard, was working at the stadium when the car bomb detonated on Dec. 11, Turkish media reported.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The men then detonated explosive belts they were wearing, killing themselves and the two security men.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）爆炸，引爆; 触发（一连串事件）
时态：detonated, detonating, detonates
分布：爆炸(70%)，使爆炸(22%)，使爆裂(4%)，发爆炸声(4%)
→de-, 向下，强调。-ton, 打雷，爆炸，词源同thunder, astonish. 即爆掉，引爆。
【记】de下，ton轰隆地响－爆炸de下，ton吨：掉下来一吨的东西－发出爆炸声de下，ton吨，ate吃：向下吃了一吨东西，肚子－爆炸
【参】monotone（n 单调；adj 单调的）；detonation（n 爆炸（声））
US ['detˌ-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause something to) explode 引爆，（使）爆炸
• The device detonated unexpectedly. 装置发生了意外爆炸。
• A remote control device was used to detonate the bomb. 有人用遥控装置引爆了那枚炸弹。
vt. 使爆炸
 - spring, shoot
vi. 引爆，爆炸
 - blow apart, to explode

Word: footnote
Front: footnote
[ˈfʊtnəʊt] (托 10131/10295 -1)
Vocabulary: footnote
(once / 91 pages)
nv
A footnote is a short bit of extra information that's printed at the bottom of a book's page. Some footnotes cite the authors and titles of the sources the author consulted while researching and writing.
The presence of footnotes usually means you're reading an academic or scholarly work of nonfiction. Your history paper might include footnotes on each page, noting the books, journals, and websites you used for your research. Some contemporary novels have footnotes as well, a complex and playful way for the author to insert extra notes and details. The foot of a page is the bottom, which explains the word footnote.
WORD FAMILY
footnote: footnoted, footnotes, footnoting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fernyhough does not spend much time on these criticisms, though in a footnote he does concede the scant evidentiary basis of the movement’s claims.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The fiscal cliff will prove a historical footnote.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
A month after its release, it became a footnote to a sad story when its star, Anton Yelchin, was killed in a bizarre car accident.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 脚注; 补充说明
vt. 给…作脚注
时态：footnoted, footnoting, footnotes
分布：脚注(89%)，补充说明(9%)，给 ... 作脚注(2%)
US [-noʊt] noun
countable
■a note printed at the bottom of a page which gives extra information about something that has been written on that page 注脚
countable usually singular
■an event, subject or detail which is not important 无足轻重的事件（或问题、细节）
• His tumultuous triumph 5 years ago now seems a mere footnote in history. 他五年前名噪一时的大胜现在看来仿佛只是历史上一个无关痛痒的小插曲。
n. 脚注；补充说明
 - additional remarks

Word: electromagnetic
Front: electromagnetic
[ɪˌlektrəʊmægˈnetɪk] (托 10597/13102 -1)
Back: adj. <物>电磁的
分布：电磁的(100%)
US [-troʊ.mæg'netˌ-] adjective
■having magnetic and electrical parts 电磁的
• an electromagnetic wave 电磁波
adj. [电磁] 电磁的
 - galvanomagnetic

Word: hello
Front: hello
[hə'ləʊ] (中高 2238/2319 -K3)
Vocabulary: hello
(once / 641 pages)
n
Hello! Hi! How are you doing? Hello is a salutation or greeting commonly used to begin conversations or telephone calls.
Hello has been used as an English greeting since the 19th century. Most agree that it is related to the older French exclamation “Holà” — which means essentially “Ho there!” — like you might say to a horse to tell it to stop. Nowadays it’s still used to get someone’s attention but instead of stopping you’re starting something — usually a chat. Hallo and Hullo are variations of Hello used by British English speakers.
WORD FAMILY
hello: hellos
USAGE EXAMPLES
By design, Kai utters that hello once every seventeen times.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Hello, good afternoon and happy old 2016 to you all.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
He greeted 2016 with “Hello,” and ended with a Christmas classic.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: int. 哈喽，喂; 你好，您好; 表示问候; 打招呼
n. “喂”的招呼声或问候声
vi. 喊“喂”
→感叹词，打招呼用语，因电话的普及而广泛流行。最终可能来自hey和lo的合成词。
int.英(美)喂,你好(用来打招呼或引起注意)Hello,it's Tom speaking.喂!我是汤姆.
US [-'oʊ] exclamation noun (UK also hallo) (hullo)
 ESSENTIAL
■used when meeting or greeting someone 喂，你好（用于问候或打招呼）
• Hello, Paul. I haven't seen you for ages. “你好，保罗。好久不见了。”
• I know her vaguely - we've exchanged hellos a few times. 我对她不太熟悉——我们只有打过几次招呼。
• I just thought I'd call by and say hello. 我正好想要去顺道拜访问候一下。
• And a big hello (= welcome) to all the parents who've come to see the show. 非常欢迎所有来看演出的家长。
 ESSENTIAL
■something that is said at the beginning of a telephone conversation （打电话时的招呼语）你好，喂
• "Hello, I'd like some information about your flights to the USA, please." “你好，我想询问一些你们飞往美国的航班资料。”
 ESSENTIAL
■something that is said to attract someone's attention （引起别人注意的招呼语）
• The front door was open so she walked inside and called out, "Hello! Is there anybody in?" 前门开着，于是她走进去喊道：“喂！有人在吗?”
■informal
■said to someone who has just said or done something stupid, especially something that shows they are not noticing what is happening around them （表示认为某人言行愚蠢可笑，尤指对正在发生的事不注意）
• She asked me if I'd just arrived and I was like 'hello, I've been here for an hour.' 她问我是否刚刚到，我回答她说“嗨，我已经到这里一个小时了。”
■old-fashioned
■an expression of surprise （表示惊讶）
• Hello, this is very strange - I know that man. 嘿，这可真奇怪——我认识那个人。
int. 喂；哈罗
 - hallo, holloo

Word: lambaste
Front: lambaste
[læm'beɪst] (宝 37543/-)
Vocabulary: lambaste
(once / 15003 pages)
v
To lambaste is to reprimand or berate someone severely. People lambaste those who have angered or disappointed them.
Have you ever watched a basketball game and noticed a coach yelling like a maniac at a referee? That coach is lambasting the referee. Lambasting is also called chewing out, taking to task, scolding, reprimanding, berating, bawling out, and chiding. Parents lambaste disobedient kids. A boss might lambaste a worker who is late all the time. Lambasting is severe and goes way beyond criticizing. When you are lambasting, you are furious at someone and letting them know it.
WORD FAMILY
lambaste: lambasted, lambastes, lambasting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then there was the humiliation of “Glitter,” Carey’s disastrous 2001 foray into film stardom, which was lambasted by the critics and public alike.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
As presidential candidates, both lambasted the influence that money — particularly from big donors — holds over politicians.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Last week, legendary Vogue editor Anna Wintour, considered one of fashion's most influential voices, was overheard on a train lambasting the mogul.
BBC(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: vt. 不断地狠打某人，鞭打; 严厉斥责某人
时态：lambasted, lambasting, lambasts
分布：痛打(47%)，痛骂(38%)，=lambast.(15%)
→lam,击，打，词源同lame,baste,打，痛斥。引申词义狠狠批评。
【记】lam（v 鞭打），baste（v 涂油；狠揍；大骂）
【反】extol（v 赞美）
(also lambast) [læm'bæst] verb transitive
■to criticize someone or something severely 猛烈抨击；狠狠批评
• His first novel was well and truly lambasted by the critics. 他的第一部小说受到批评家的猛烈抨击。
vt. 痛打；严责；鞭打
 - hide, trounce

Word: honeymoon
Front: honeymoon
[ˈhʌnimu:n] (四六 8111/7922 -1)
Vocabulary: honeymoon
(once / 1667 pages)
nv
A honeymoon is a trip that newlyweds traditionally take right after their wedding. You might want to wait to get married until you meet someone who wants to go to Legoland on a honeymoon as much as you do.
Some honeymoons are long and luxurious, involving cruises and Europe or tropical beaches and fancy hotels, while others are simple and low-key. Many married couples don't take a honeymoon at all, or wait years until having a holiday they call a honeymoon. In the 1540s, it was a hony moone, and it referred more generally to the sweet, tender span of time after a wedding. In German, it's a flitterwochen, or "tinsel week."
WORD FAMILY
honeymoon: honeymooned, honeymooner, honeymooning, honeymoons+/honeymooner: honeymooners
USAGE EXAMPLES
And before they left for their Hawaiian honeymoon, Mr. Leahy completed his first important act as husband.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Newly hired managers often get an immediate upturn in results, even if only briefly, but there was no so-called “honeymoon period” with Bradley.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
For big investors like Dalio, the Trump honeymoon is continuing.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 蜜月; 蜜月期; 蜜月旅行; 短暂的和谐时期
vi. 度蜜月
时态：honeymooned, honeymooning, honeymoons
分布：蜜月(74%)，度蜜月(25%)，初始的热火时期(1%)
→honey,蜜，moon,月。比喻用法，既可理解为时间，也可理解为婚姻如同月亮的阴晴圆缺。
noun
countable or uncountable
■a holiday taken by a man and a woman immediately after their marriage 蜜月
• Where are you going on your honeymoon? 你们要去哪里度蜜月？
countable usually singular (also honeymoon period)
■a short period at the beginning of a new job, government, etc. when the relationship is good （开始时的）蜜月期，和谐期
['hʌn.i.mu:n] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to go on a honeymoon (= holiday) 度蜜月
• They are honeymooning in the Bahamas. 他们正在巴哈马群岛度蜜月。

Word: nab
Front: nab
[næb] (15388/26375 -1)
Vocabulary: nab
(once / 3722 pages)
v
When you nab someone, you catch the person in the act of doing something wrong. A police officer, for example, might say that she loves to nab shoplifters.
You nab when you apprehend a bad guy, or when you suddenly grab something: "Hey, you can't just nab a slice of pizza off my plate!" It's most common to use nab when a criminal is caught, as when the FBI nabs a suspected terrorist or an officer nabs a would-be graffiti artist. Nab probably came from an earlier word, nap, "to seize or catch," which is now obsolete except in the word kidnap.
WORD FAMILY
nab: nabbed, nabbing, nabs
USAGE EXAMPLES
One man said the agent who nabbed him threw away his clothes, wallet and belt, but saved his cash, ID card and phone.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Then, last year, Bill Bender nabbed this out-of-the-way town’s claim to be at the center of it all.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Billboard 200 album chart and his musical work on "Moana" nabbed a Golden Globe nomination.
Reuters(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: vt. 捉住，逮住; 逮捕; 抢夺
时态：nabbed, nabbing, nabs
分布：获取(67%)，抓住或逮捕(33%)
→来自nap,抓住，词源同kidnap,绑架小孩。
[næb] (-bb-) informal
verb transitive
■to take something suddenly, or to catch or arrest a criminal 抢夺，猛然抓住；抓获，逮捕（罪犯）
• Undercover police officers nabbed (= caught) the men at the airport. 便衣员警在机场逮捕那些人。
• Someone nabbed my apple when I wasn't looking! 有人趁我没注意抢走了我的苹果！
vt. 捉住，逮捕；抢夺
 - seize, noble

Word: leapfrog
Front: leapfrog
[ˈli:pfrɒg] (20238/32949)
Back: n. 跳背游戏（分开两腿从背弯站立者身上跳过），（两支部队）交互跃进，竞相提高
v. 跳背，交替前进，跃过
时态：leapfrogged, leapfrogging, leapfrogs
分布：跳背(78%)，越级提升(22%)
US [-frɑ:g] noun uncountable
■a children's game in which a number of children bend down and another child jumps over them one at a time （儿童玩的）跳背游戏
UK ['li:p.frɒg] US [-frɑ:g] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] (-gg-)
■to improve your position by going past other people quickly or by missing out some stages 跳升；越级提升
• They've leapfrogged from third to first place. 他们已经从第三位上升到了第一位。
• She leapfrogged several older colleagues to get the manager's post. 她越过几位年长的同事升到了经理的职位。

Word: preferable
Front: preferable
[ˈprefrəbl] (研四六托 10561/6905 -2)
Vocabulary: preferable
(once / 1014 pages)
adj
When one thing seems like a better option than another, it is preferable. If you would rather have chocolate ice cream than vanilla, it means that chocolate is preferable to you.
Graduating from high school is usually preferable to dropping out, and traveling a long distance by train is always preferable to getting there on roller skates. The hardest thing about preferable is pronunciation: remember to place the stress on the first syllable, pref, and not on the second syllable as in the word prefer.
WORD FAMILY
preferable: preferably +/ prefer: preferable, preference, prefering, preferment, preferred, preferring, prefers/ preference: preferences, preferential / preferential: preferentially/preferment: preferments/ preferred: preferredly
USAGE EXAMPLES
On occasion, a lie is preferable to the truth.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“But normalcy is so much preferable, being able to remember what did — I tend to forget manic episodes.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Certainly, it would be preferable, and much less stressful, to lead every game by 21 points.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 更好的，更可取的; 略胜一筹的
分布：更好的(86%)，更合意的(14%)
a.(to)更可取的,更好的I prefer the preferable preference you referred to in the reference books.我更喜欢你在参考书中提到的那个更可取的优先权.
US [-ɚ.ə-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■better or more suitable 更可取的，更好的，较合适的
• Surely a diplomatic solution is preferable to war. 外交途径当然要比战争好。
adj. 更好的，更可取的；更合意的
 - Mair

Word: strategically
Front: strategically
[strə'ti:dʒɪklɪ] (10245/11342)
Back: adv. 战略上，战略性地
分布：战略上(78%)，颇具策略地(22%)
ADJ
战略(性)的;策略(上)的
Strategic means relating to the most important, general aspects of something such as a military operation or political policy, especially when these are decided in advance.
例：...the new strategic thinking which NATO leaders produced at the recent London summit...北约领导人在最近召开的伦敦首脑会议上提出的新的战略思想
例：...a strategic plan for reducing the rate of infant mortality...降低婴儿死亡率的战略计划
ADJ
(武器)战略性的
Strategic weapons are very powerful missiles that can be fired only after a decision to use them has been made by a political leader.
例：...strategic nuclear weapons.战略性核武器
ADJ
(位置)具有战略意义的，重要的，合适的
If you put something in a strategic position, you place it cleverly in a position where it will be most useful or have the most effect.
例：...the marble benches Eve had placed at strategic points throughout the gardens, where the views were spectacular.伊芙在各花园景色迷人的地方巧妙安置的大理石长凳

Word: rev
Vocabulary: rev
(once / 184 pages)
nv
Rev your engine at a stoplight if you want to race the car next to you. On second thought, don’t — to rev is to crank the engine without going anywhere. Also, a rev is one complete rotation of a motor.
Rev, as a verb or a noun, is a shortened form of revolution. As a noun, it’s a rotation of the motor or the number of rotations in a minute. The word has been around since the early 20th century, following the invention of the automobile. Rev can be used for any internal combustion engine, but it's most often used for the zooming sound of a car engine. Rev and revolution come from the Late Latin revolutionem, "a revolving."
WORD FAMILY
rev: revs, revved, revving
USAGE EXAMPLES
To better understand this approach I spoke with the Rev. William Barber II, president of the North Carolina chapter of the NAACP.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
“We’re just hoping to raise awareness about people experiencing homelessness,” said the Rev. Andrew Bales, the mission’s chief executive.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The 89-year-old activist and wife of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. looks back on her life.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)

Word: showcase
Front: showcase
[ˈʃəʊkeɪs] (7291/15540 -1)
Back: n. （商店或博物馆等的）玻璃柜台，玻璃陈列柜; 显示优点的东西; <美俚>应接室
vt. 使展现; 在玻璃橱窗陈列
分布：陈列(76%)，显示优点的东西(16%)，使展示(8%)
→show,展示，case,柜子。
US ['ʃoʊ-] noun countable
CONTAINER 容器
■a container with glass sides in which valuable or important objects are kept so that they can be looked at without being touched, damaged or stolen （玻璃）陈列柜，展示橱
UK ['ʃəʊ.keɪs] US ['ʃoʊ-] noun countable
OPPORTUNITY 机会
■a situation or event which makes it possible for the best features of something to be seen 展示优点的场合（或机会）
• The Venice Film Festival has always been the showcase of Italian cinema. 威尼斯电影节一直是展示义大利电影的绝好机会。
• The exhibition is an annual showcase for British design and innovation. 该展览是展示英国设计和创新的年度盛会。
UK ['ʃəʊ.keɪs] US ['ʃoʊ-] verb transitive
■to show the best qualities or parts of something 展示…的优点；充分展示
• The main aim of the exhibition is to showcase British design. 该展览的主要目的是一展英国设计的风采。

Word: testosterone
Front: testosterone
[teˈstɒstərəʊn] (10400/26997 -1)
Vocabulary: testosterone
(once / 9728 pages)
n
Testosterone is a hormone made in the testes in males and in the ovaries in females. Testosterone is generally found in greater amounts in males, where it aids in the development of the male sex organs and sperm.
The word testosterone was coined in the 1930s. It is based on the Latin word testis, which means testicle, and the word sterol, meaning steroid. Because it is the hormone that develops male characteristics, the word testosterone sometimes refers to the quality of being male. A room crowded with men watching football is commonly described as being "full of testosterone."
WORD FAMILY
testosterone
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, Harper compared a transgender woman with suppressed testosterone to a large model car with a small engine.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Testosterone and other growth hormones plunge along with estrogen, so building and maintaining muscle is tougher.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
The resistance to insulin leads, through a series of chemical reactions, to an excess of testosterone.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. [生化]睾酮; 睾丸素（男性荷尔蒙的一种）
分布：名词(100%)
→来自拉丁语 testis,睾丸，-ster,固化，词源同 sterol,-one,酮。
US [-'tɑ:.stɚ.oʊn] noun uncountable
■a male hormone that causes a stage of growth in older boys and change in their reproductive organs 睾丸素；睾酮

Word: adamant
Front: adamant
[ˈædəmənt] (托宝 11251/9491 -1)
Vocabulary: adamant
(once / 2942 pages)
nadj
If you stubbornly refuse to change your mind about something, you are adamant about it.
This word's story begins in ancient Greece, where philosophers spoke about a legendary unbreakable stone or metal they called adamas (literally, "invincible"). In English, people began to use the word to refer to something that cannot be altered, and then in the twentieth century — after adamant had been in English for about a thousand years — it came to be used as an adjective to mean "unyielding as stone." If you're adamant about something, no amount of persuasion is going to convince you otherwise.
WORD FAMILY
adamant: adamance, adamantly, adamants
USAGE EXAMPLES
Roof also was adamant that a transcript of a hearing where he was found mentally competent not be released to the public.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
After practice on Wednesday, Bozzella was adamant about the need for women’s basketball to break through on television channels already oversaturated with college basketball.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“He is adamant that before he dies, he wants to revive interest in the family, to get Thibaw’s reputation revised.”
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 坚硬无比的; 牢不可破的; 坚定不移的; 坚决的
n. 坚硬的物质; <地质>硬石; <诗>牢不可破
分布：坚定不移的(40%)，固执的(38%)，硬石(15%)，坚硬无比之物(7%)
→前缀a-, 无，不。词根dam, 同tame,驯服。无法驯服的，坚定的。diamond,钻石，词源同。
坚定的,坚固的(a不+dama+ant→不可征服的)[dama=conpuer(征服)]
【记】a一个，dam大坝，ant蚂蚁＝一个大坝上的蚂蚁。在一座雄壮的大坝上，我认识了一只蚂蚁！它正在凛冽的寒风中背单词！！！正是他启发了我写这本书，正是他——坚强的蚂蚁、固执的蚂蚁——激励我不断向上。同学们，学学蚂蚁同志吧！抛开儿女私情，投入到背单词的伟大事业中去！！！
【反】vacillatory（adj 犹豫不决的）；moved（adj 打动的）；incline to yield（容易妥协的）；irresolute（adj 犹豫不决的）
adjective
■impossible to persuade, or unwilling to change an opinion or decision 固执的；坚决的，坚定不移的
• [+ that] I've told her she should stay at home and rest but she's adamant that she's coming. 我告诉过她应该在家里休息，可她坚持要来。
adj. 固执的，坚强的；坚定不移的；坚硬无比的
 - fixed, strong, persistent, tough, steel
n. 坚硬的东西；坚石
 - solid rock

Word: acutely
Front: acutely
[əˈkju:tli] (11397/9516 -1)
Back: adv. 尖锐地; 剧烈地
分布：尖锐地(50%)，剧烈地(50%)
adverb
EXTREMELY 极度地
■completely or extremely 完全地；极其
• Management is acutely aware of the resentment that their decision may cause. 管理层非常清楚他们的决定可能会招致愤恨。
• Another scandal would be acutely embarrassing for the government. 如果再出现一次丑闻，政府将陷入极度尴尬之中。
[ə'kju:t.li] adverb
ACCURATELY/CLEVERLY 准确地／聪明地
■in a very clever or detailed way 聪明地、敏锐地
• She acutely identified all the main problems. 她敏锐地指出主要的问题所在。
adv. 尖锐地；剧烈地
 - pointedly, pungently

Word: adolescent
Front: adolescent
[ˌædəˈlesnt] (高研六托宝 3386/8678 -2)
Vocabulary: adolescent
(once / 1468 pages)
nadj
Adolescent is just a fancy word for teenager — someone who is no longer a child but is not yet an adult. The word can also be used as an adjective. For example, a particular clothing line might be geared toward adolescent girls.
This word refers to all things related to teens — teenagers are adolescent, and the adolescent stage is after puberty and before adulthood. Since adults don't have a high opinion of teenagers, this word is also an insult. Movies full of fart jokes and immature shenanigans are called adolescent. If one adult says to another "You're acting very adolescent" that means "You're acting childish." Adolescent means something close to juvenile, another word that refers to young people and childish people.
WORD FAMILY
adolescent: adolescence, adolescently, adolescents, preadolescent+/adolesce: adolescent, adolescing/ adolescence: adolescences
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the next morning, he was woken up by that recurring train whistle, which is somehow connected to his adolescent trauma.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
For school-age children and adolescents, the academy calls for balancing media with other healthy behaviors.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
As an adolescent she saw the futility of that, after her religion deepened and she donned the Islamic headscarf.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 少年，少女
adj. 青春期的; 青少年的; 未成熟的
分布：青少年(78%)，青少年的(11%)，青春期的(11%)
→前缀ad-, 去，往。词根ol, 成长，同adult. -esce, 起始动词后缀，即成长中的。
n.青少年a.青春期的,青少年的Those innocent adolescents ascending the hill are the tribe's descendants of decent descent.这些爬山的天真青少年是这个部落具有正派血统的后代.
【记】adult成熟的，escent开始…的－开始成熟的－青春期的a，do，lescent＝lesson：还在上课的年龄－青春期的
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a young person who is developing into an adult 青少年
[ˌæd.ə'les.ənt] adjective
■being or relating to an adolescent 青春期的；青少年的
• an adolescent boy 青春期的男孩
• adolescent concerns/traumas/problems 青春期孩子关心的问题／青春期精神创伤／青春期问题
■describes an adult or an adult's behaviour that is silly and like a child's （成年人或其行为）孩子气的，幼稚的
• adolescent humour/behaviour 孩子气的幽默／幼稚的举止
adolescent, youthful, juvenile, young
这组词都有“年轻的，年幼的”的意思，其区别是：
adolescent: 指13至16岁左右处于青春期的人，尚不成熟。
youthful: 褒义或贬义均可用。指具有青年人的外貌或年轻人应具有的品格。
juvenile: 较正式用词，一般12岁以下的少年，着重其生理和智力上的不成熟。
young: 强调年龄小，处于生长的前期。
adolescent, teenager, youth, juvenile
这组词都有“年轻人，青少年”的意思，其区别是：
adolescent: 比teenager正式，侧重年龄。
teenager: 主要指13岁到19岁之间的青少年，强调这个年龄段的人的本身特点。
youth: 现在几乎专指男青年，尤指10多岁到20多一点的男青年，但作为集合名时间男女青年都可指。
juvenile: 指青少年，系法律上的常用词。
adj. 青春期的；未成熟的
 - pubertal, hebetic
n. [人类] 青少年
 - youths, teener

Word: cyberspace
Front: cyberspace
[ˈsaɪbəspeɪs] (研 11760/-)
Vocabulary: cyberspace
(once / 10965 pages)
n
Cyberspace is where online communication happens. If you've spent time chatting with friends on the Internet, you've been in cyberspace.
The official definition of cyberspace is fairly technical: "the notional environment in which communication over computer networks occurs." Since it was coined in 1982 by science fiction writer William Gibson, it's become more popular to use cyberspace to mean "online" or "on the Internet," especially when social interactions happen there. Cyberspace is the almost metaphorical place where two people, separately typing on their keyboards, meet and communicate.
WORD FAMILY
cyberspace
USAGE EXAMPLES
As long as cyberspace was a sideshow, governments did not much care.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Pretending cyberspace is a different universe, populated by people who matter less, is a misnomer and a flagrant abandonment of our individual responsibility.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Cyberspace, wrote Gen. Gerasimov, “opens wide asymmetrical possibilities for reducing the fighting potential of the enemy.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. （电子计算机创造的）通讯、信息空间
分布：网络空间(100%)
n.虚拟信息空间;网络空间
US [-bɚ-] informal
noun uncountable
■the Internet considered as an imaginary area without limits where you can meet people and discover information about any subject 网路空间
• You can find the answer to almost any question in cyberspace. 在网路世界差不多任何问题都可以找到答案。

Word: attrition
Front: attrition
[əˈtrɪʃn] (托宝 11848/19611 -1)
Vocabulary: attrition
(once / 7155 pages)
1n 2n
Attrition is a gradual process of wearing down, weakening, or destroying something.
When a company wants to reduce its payroll without firing anyone, it will sometimes do so through attrition; that is, by waiting for people to retire or quit without hiring anyone new to replace them. In a more general sense, the word means break down, wear out, or reduce in numbers. A triple overtime basketball game, with many players fouling out, is a war of attrition. When you see the word attrition, think "Gradually chipping away."
WORD FAMILY
attrition: attritional, attritions
USAGE EXAMPLES
In exchange, The Times guaranteed lifetime employment for 800 printers, whose jobs disappeared through attrition.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
That would account for attrition and grow its workforce by about 3,500 people, to 18,000 employees.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Attrition is an issue, with about 17 percent of all newbie teachers leaving the profession within five years of entering it.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 消耗; 消磨; 摩擦; （神学）不彻底的忏悔
分布：消耗(72%)，摩擦(26%)，人员耗损(2%)
→前缀at-同ad-. -tri,同turn, 转，磨。
noun uncountable slightly formal
■gradually making something weaker and destroying it, especially the strength or confidence of an enemy by repeatedly attacking it （尤指给敌人的力量或自信造成的）消耗，损耗，削弱
• Terrorist groups and the government have been engaged in a costly war of attrition since 1968. 自1968年以来，恐怖主义组织和政府之间一直在进行两败俱伤的消耗战。
US for * natural wastage
n. 摩擦； [机] 磨损；消耗
 - friction, consumption

Word: dissatisfied
Front: dissatisfied
[dɪsˈsætɪsfaɪd] (10269/8469 -1)
Vocabulary: dissatisfied
(once / 1047 pages)
adj
If you're dissatisfied, you're not happy — you're annoyed and disgruntled. You probably don't enjoy eating out with your parents if they're always dissatisfied with the food they order.
You might be dissatisfied with the final episode of your favorite TV show, or dissatisfied with your grades n German last semester. In either case, you're not pleased. A slightly different way to be dissatisfied is to be unconvinced: "She was dissatisfied with the answer he gave when she asked when he planned to pay back the money he owed her." Dissatisfied combines dis-, "not," and satisfied, from a Latin root, satisfacere, "do enough."
WORD FAMILY
dissatisfied: dissatisfiedly+/ dissatisfaction: dissatisfactions/dissatisfactory: dissatisfactorily/ dissatisfy: dissatisfaction, dissatisfactory, dissatisfied, dissatisfies, dissatisfying/ satisfaction: satisfactions, self-satisfaction/ satisfactory: satisfactorily, satisfactoriness, unsatisfactory/satisfiable: unsatisfiable/ satisfied: satisfiedest, satisfiedly, self-satisfied, unsatisfied/satisfier: satisfiers/ satisfy: dissatisfy, satisfaction, satisfactory, satisfiable, satisfied, satisfier, satisfies, satisfying/satisfying: satisfyingly, unsatisfying/unsatisfactory: unsatisfactorily, unsatisfactoriness/unsatisfiable: unsatisfiably/unsatisfying: unsatisfyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though Ivanovic peaked early, she said she was not dissatisfied.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Even more Kansans - 74 percent - are dissatisfied with Brownback’s job performance.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Mr. Bossie frequently clashed with Mr. Priebus, and Mr. Trump was dissatisfied with him by the end of the campaign.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 感到不满的，不满意的，不高兴的; 显出不满的
v. 使不满意
分布：不满意的(72%)，不高兴的(24%)，动词dissatisfy的过去式和过去分词.(4%)
US [-'sætˌ.əs-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■not pleased with something; feeling that something is not as good as it should be 不满的，不满意的
• If you're dissatisfied with the service, why don't you complain to the hotel manager? 如果你对饭店的服务不满意，为甚么不去向经理投诉呢？
adj. 不满意的；不高兴的；流露不满的
 - unsatisfied, joyless

Word: degenerate
Front: degenerate
[dɪˈdʒenəreɪt] (研六托雅 16007/11310 -1)
Vocabulary: degenerate
(once / 630 pages)
nadjv
If something degenerates, it gets worse, like a food fight that degenerates to an all-out spaghetti-throwing war. Degenerate can also describe an immoral person — or the behavior of such a person.
Whether used as a verb, noun, or adjective, degenerate carries a sense of making worse or decline — not living up to the standards set by your ancestors — or becoming unlike the people of your race or kind. People who are degenerate, or who exhibit degenerate behavior, are often set apart from others, in part out of fear that their influence will degenerate the morals of the impressionable people around them.
WORD FAMILY
degenerate: degeneracy, degenerated, degenerately, degenerates, degenerating, degeneration, degenerative+/degeneracy: degeneracies/ degeneration: degenerations
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was critical of much of modern tennis, saying the sport had degenerated into a boring contest of baseline slugging.
Washington Post(Nov 15, 2016)
It was a delirious, degenerate pantomime of authority seized and undermined.
The New Yorker(Nov 11, 2016)
Toxic politics have degenerated to rank-and-file hatred of the other side.
Seattle Times(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 退化的; 堕落的; 变质的; 变性的
vt. 使退化; 恶化; 使变质; 衰减
vi. 退化; 堕落
n. 堕落的人; 腐化的人; 精神变态者; 退化的动物
时态：degenerated, degenerating, degenerates
分布：退化(55%)，堕落(22%)，堕落的(11%)，退化的(9%)，堕落的人(3%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-gen, 出生，词源同gene, generate. 原义为偏离祖训，有损祖先名声，后引申为堕落，恶化。
堕落;衰退(de坏+gener+ate→往坏产生→堕落)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
v.衰退,堕落,蜕化a.堕落的n.堕落者His health degenerates rapidly.他的健康迅速恶化.
【记】de坏，genera（n 种类，属）－使种类变坏一退化de坏，gene基因－使基因变坏一退化
【参】regenerate（vt 使新生；重建；改革）；generation（n 一代人）
US [-ə˞-/
■having low standards of behaviour 堕落的，颓废的
• a degenerate young man 堕落的年轻人
noun countable UK [dɪˈdʒen.ər.ət] US [-ə˞-] formal disapproving
■someone with low standards of behaviour 堕落的人，颓废的人
• They're just moral degenerates with no sense of decency. 他们这些人道德败坏，毫无廉耻之心。
vt. [数] [生物] 使退化；恶化
 - go ill, exasperate
vi. [数] [生物] 退化；堕落
 - go to seed, retrogress
adj. [数] [生物] 退化的；堕落的
 - fallen, degraded
n. 堕落的人
 - lost souls

Word: itch
Front: itch
[ɪtʃ] (11994/14086 -1)
Vocabulary: itch
(once / 1679 pages)
nv
An itch is an unpleasant tingly sensation that makes you want to scratch. If you're allergic to poison ivy and you go hiking through a field of it, you'll have a terrible itch all over your legs.
Sometimes people confuse itch and scratch. An itch is the sensation that causes you to scratch, and when itch is a verb, it either means "to feel or sense an itch," or "to have a strong, restless urge," as when you itch to try out your uncle's motorcycle. Somehow, the word itch arose from its Old English root gicce, or gycce, "an itch."
WORD FAMILY
itch: itched, itches, itching, itchy +/itching: itchings/ itchy: itchily, itchiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Occasional use of over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream helps calm the itch.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
I poured lots of time and money into getting a PhD, in hopes that academia might scratch that itch.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The Texans are itching for a chance to host another wild-card game after being routed 30-0 by Kansas City in this game a year ago.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: v. 痒，发痒; 渴望，极想
n. 渴望，热望; 痒; 疥疮
时态：itched, itching, itches
分布：痒(76%)，渴望(22%)，疥癣(2%)
→词源不详。
verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to have or cause an uncomfortable feeling on the skin which makes you want to rub it with your nails 发痒
• I can't wear wool - it makes me itch. 我不能穿毛料衣服——穿了就浑身发痒。
[ɪtʃ] verb intransitive
itch to do sth (also itch for sth) informal
■to want to do something very much and as soon as possible 急切地想做
• He was itching to hear the results. 他渴望知道结果。
• By four o'clock I was itching for the meeting to end. 到了四点钟我就急切地盼望会议结束。
[ɪtʃ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■an uncomfortable feeling on the skin which makes you want to rub it with your nails 痒
• I've got an itch on the back of my neck. 我脖子后面有一处发痒。
n. 痒；渴望；疥疮
 - aspiration, hunger
vi. 发痒；渴望
 - rare, aspire
vt. 使发痒；使恼怒
 - spite, exasperate

Word: imperil
Front: imperil
[ɪmˈperəl] (宝 17494/23601)
Vocabulary: imperil
(once / 2514 pages)
v
One thing can imperil another when it threatens to be harmful. For example, an approaching storm with hurricane-force winds might imperil the geraniums you just planted in your front yard.
A city's budget cuts might imperil a school's ability to hire new teachers and buy supplies. The lack of money, in other words, is a threat to schools. Likewise, a factory's refusal to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions will imperil the air quality nearby — and ultimately, imperil the health of the whole planet. The word imperil comes from in and peril, meaning "danger."
WORD FAMILY
imperil: imperiled, imperiling, imperilled, imperilling, imperils
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some worry that the government’s obvious ambivalence is imperilling the entire reconciliation process.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
As Las Vegas sought to expand, local, state and federal managers agreed to protect species such as the imperiled desert tortoise in Gold Butte.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
With 23 days left in office, Mr. Kerry dropped diplomatic niceties and harshly criticized Israel over settlements, arguing that they imperil the two-state solution.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 使陷于危险，危及
时态：imperiled, imperilled, imperilling, imperils
分布：危及(95%)，使陷于危险中(5%)
→im-,进入，使，peril,危险，冒险。
处于危险中(im+peril危险)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
【记】peril（n 危险）per每个，il＝ill：每个人都病了，容易传染－危及生命
[ɪm'per.əl] (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
verb transitive slightly formal
■to put something or someone at risk or in danger of being harmed or destroyed 危及，使陷入危险
• A police raid would imperil the lives of the hostages. 警方的突袭会危及人质的生命安全。
vt. 危及；使陷于危险
 - endanger, jeopard

Word: heyday
Front: heyday
[ˈheɪdeɪ] (托宝 12277/13876 -1)
Vocabulary: heyday
(once / 4988 pages)
n
A heyday is a peak of popularity or success. If you hear someone say "Hey! Back in the day, I was the best boxer in the city! No one could beat me!" he might be remembering his heyday as a fighter.
If you remember a time in the past when you were doing something really well or getting a lot of attention or fame, you might be reminiscing about your heyday. A person or an organization — and even a thing — can have a heyday, or a peak time when everything goes well. The good news is that a heyday can come again and again, so while your heyday as student president might be just a memory, there might be a heyday as governor of your state years later.
WORD FAMILY
heyday: heydays
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lou Pepper, 92, the respected former CEO of Washington Mutual during its heyday and named partner of Seattle law firm Foster Pepper, died Dec. 23.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Lou Pepper, who led Washington Mutual during its heyday, was much respected by the bank’s employees.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“Because these landscapes are not that old, people remember them during their heyday,” Mr. Birnbaum said.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 盛世，全盛期; 壮年
分布：全盛期(100%)
→来自感叹词heyda,表示惊叹，惊讶，后拼写俗化为day.引申词义盛世，全盛时期。
【记】hey（int 嗨!：一种惊喜声），day－惊喜的日子－全盛时期
noun countable usually singular
■the most successful or popular period of someone or something 全盛时期，鼎盛时期
• In their heyday, they sold as many records as all the other groups in the country put together. 在他们的全盛时期，他们唱片的销售量是这个国家中所有其他乐队唱片销量的总和。
n. 全盛期
 - noon
int. 嘿！（表喜悦或惊奇等）
 - here

Word: existential
Front: existential
[ˌegzɪˈstenʃəl] (宝 11806/16382)
Vocabulary: existential
(once / 6559 pages)
adj
If something is existential, it has to do with human existence. If you wrestle with big questions involving the meaning of life, you may be having an existential crisis.
Existential can also relate to existence in a more concrete way. For instance, the objections of your mother-in-law may pose an existential threat to the continuation of your Friday night card game. Often the word carries at least a nodding reference to the philosophy of existentialism associated with Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Sartre, and others, which emphasizes the individual as a free agent responsible for his actions.
WORD FAMILY
existential: existentialism, existentially+/ coexist: coexisted, coexistent, coexisting, coexists/coexistence: coexistences/coexistent: coexistence, coexistently/ exist: coexist, existed, existent, existing, exists, preexist/ existence: existences, existential /existent: existence, existently, nonexistent, pre-existent/ existentialism: existentialist/existentialist: existentialists/ existing: pre-existing/nonexistence: nonexistences/ nonexistent: nonexistence/preexist: preexisted, preexistence, preexistent, preexisting, preexists/preexistence: preexistences
USAGE EXAMPLES
The fashion industry is grappling with an existential question: how to sell its wares to consumers?
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“Sorry, I’ve been advised not to discuss my existential status.”
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Yet in searching the internet for an answer, it also reveals the question to be one of the great existential tensions of our time.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 有关存在的，存在主义的，存在判断的
分布：有关存在的(53%)，存在判断的(47%)
ADJ
关于人类存在的;基于存在（或经验）的
Existential means relating to human existence and experience.
例：Existential questions requiring religious answers still persist.需要通过宗教来解释的关乎人类存在的问题仍然存留。
ADJ
有关(生死)存在的
You use existential to describe fear, anxiety, and other feelings that are caused by thinking about human existence and death.
例：'What if there's nothing left at all?' he cries, lost in some intense existential angst.“要是什么都不会留下呢？”他叫喊道，陷入了对自身存在的深度焦虑。

Word: misunderstand
Front: misunderstand
[ˌmɪsʌndəˈstænd] (高研四六 8287/8418 -2)
Vocabulary: misunderstand
(once / 727 pages)
v
To misunderstand is to incorrectly interpret what someone means. If you misunderstand the directions for taking your medication, you might end up feeling loopy or passing out.
When a football player misunderstands the coach's instructions, he might make the wrong play. If a baker misunderstands what you ask him to write on your best friend's birthday cake, he might misspell her name. The verb misunderstand adds the "bad" or "wrong" prefix mis- to understand, from an Old English root, understandan, that literally means "stand in the midst of."
WORD FAMILY
misunderstand: misunderstanding, misunderstands+/misunderstanding: misunderstandings/misunderstood: misunderstoodest/ understand: misunderstand, understandable, understanding, understands, understood/ understandable: understandability/ understanding: understandingly, understandings/understood: misunderstood, understoodest, ununderstood
USAGE EXAMPLES
And Home’s ability to understand my voice was notable considering how frequently Siri, the iPhone virtual assistant, and I misunderstand each other.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
But I don’t write in Chinese, I explained, and the organizer apologized for her misunderstanding.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
“I am really thankful to them; I don’t want them to misunderstand,” he said later about the sponsors.
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 误会，误解; 曲解
时态：misunderstood, misunderstanding, misunderstands
分布：误解(83%)，误会(14%)，不了解(3%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，understand,理解。
误解(mis+understand理解)[mis-表示"错误,坏"]
v.误解,误会Standing under the outstanding rock I misunderstood his standard standpoint.站在突出的岩石下,我误解了他的标准立场.
US [-dɚ-] (misunderstood, misunderstood)
verb intransitive or transitive
■to think you have understood someone or something when you have not 误解；误会
• If you think that these transport problems can be solved by building more roads, you completely misunderstand the nature of the problem. 如果你认为这些交通问题可以藉修筑新路来解决的话，那你就完全误解了问题的本质。
• I told him I'd meet him here, but perhaps he misunderstood and went straight to the pub. 我跟他说我会在这里等他，但可能他理解错了，直接去了小酒馆。
vt. 误解；误会
 - misconstrue, misread

Word: lounge
Front: lounge
[laʊndʒ] (高研六雅宝 5990/4410 -2)
Vocabulary: lounge
(once / 545 pages)
1vn 2v
It's hard to lounge, or recline comfortably, in the lounge, or waiting area, of an airport terminal. Maybe they shouldn't call it a lounge.
Lounge comes from the French s'allonger meaning "to lounge about, lie at full length." Whether you're talking about a room with seats in a hotel made for waiting, or a nice comfy sofa, or the act of reclining comfortably, lounge has everything to do with making yourself comfortable in one spot for a while. It also means to hang around in an easy way, the way you might lounge around the poolside area in a luxury hotel.
WORD FAMILY
lounge: lounged, lounger, lounges, lounging+/lounger: loungers
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of them was identified by friends as Mr. Assaf, the owner of the Pi Lounge & Bar in Amman, the Jordanian capital.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Police in Middletown say the first call they received involved multiple shots fired outside a lounge early Sunday morning.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Better to opt for the petite pool, where an inflatable gold swan bobs next to the chic lounge.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 休息厅; 客厅; （机场等的）等候室
vi. 闲逛; 懒洋洋地躺
vt. 懒洋洋地打发（时间）; 虚度光阴
时态：lounged, lounging, lounges
分布：休息室(68%)，起居室(13%)，候机室(12%)，闲荡(6%)，懒散地斜靠(1%)
→可能来自法语allonger,逗留，停留，来自al-,向，long,长的，长时间的。引申词义停留，逗留，休息。用于指休息厅，候机厅，酒吧等。
n.休息室,起居室,客厅The young youths lounged in the south mouth of the cave for one month.无经验的青年们在南洞口闲荡了一个月.
【记】源于：long，原指长沙发－懒洋洋地躺在长沙发上休息。
noun countable UK the room in a house or apartment that is used for relaxing, and entertaining guests, but not usually for eating 客厅，起居室
• All the family were sitting in the lounge watching television. 全家人都坐在客厅里看电视。
■a room in a hotel, airport, theatre, etc. where people can relax or wait （饭店、机场、剧院等的）休息厅，等候室
• an airport lounge 机场候机厅
• a cocktail lounge 鸡尾酒酒吧间
[laʊndʒ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  lounge about/around (sth)
■to spend your time in a relaxed way, sitting or lying somewhere and doing very little （在…）悠闲度日，消磨时间
• We spent our days lounging around the pool. 我们整天在游泳池消磨时间。
n. [建] 休息室；闲逛；躺椅；（英）酒吧间
 - retiring room, lobby
vi. 闲逛；懒洋洋地躺卧；闲混
 - lig, knock around
vt. 虚度光阴
 - hack around, fiddle around

Word: mitch

Word: observatory
Front: observatory
[əbˈzɜ:vətri] (托雅宝 7738/13051 -1)
Vocabulary: observatory
(once / 1330 pages)
n
An observatory is a structure that holds a large telescope for observing the stars and planets or some celestial event. If you want to check out a lunar eclipse, then head to your nearest observatory .
Observatories for examining the distant sky are typically located far from large cities, since light pollution makes it more difficult to see celestial bodies like stars and planets, or events like meteor showers. Another kind of observatory is quite simply a very tall, often skinny building meant for looking down over a city or its coastline. Observatory comes from the verb observe, or "watch," which in turn is rooted in the Latin observare, "watch over or guard."
WORD FAMILY
observatory: observatories+/ observable: observably, unobservable/ observance: nonobservance, observances/ observant: nonobservant, observantly, unobservant/ observation: observational, observations/observational: observationally/ observe: observable, observance, observant, observation, observatory, observed, observer, observes, observing/ observed: unobserved/ observer: observers/observing: observingly/unobservable: unobservably/unobservant: unobservantly/unobserved: unobservedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
During January, Venus will reach its peak height above the horizon, according to the Beckstrom Observatory.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Rangers and Hawaiian Volcano Observatory scientists are surveying the area.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Government forces also advanced overnight against rebels in the Eastern Ghouta area near Damascus, seizing 10 farms, the Observatory said.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 天文台; 气象台; 瞭望台
分布：天文台(81%)，气象台(15%)，了望台(4%)
→来自observe,观察，注视。用于指天文台，气象台等。
天文台(observe观察+atory场所)[serv=serve,keep表示"服务,保持"]
天文台(observe观察)[-atory 1.表形容词"有…性质的"2.表名词"场所,地点"]
【记】observe（v 观察），tory地方－观察星星的地方－天文台
US [-'zɝ:.və.tɔ:r.i] noun countable
■a building from which scientists can watch the planets, the stars, the weather, etc. 天文台；气象台
n. 天文台； [气象] [天] 气象台；瞭望台
 - meteorological station, belvedere

Word: nicotine
Front: nicotine
[ˈnɪkəti:n] (托宝 10295/16283 -1)
Vocabulary: nicotine
(once / 8324 pages)
n
Nicotine is a drug that's present in tobacco. People who are addicted to cigarettes are really hooked on nicotine.
Nicotine is most commonly known for occurring in tobacco, and therefore in cigarettes. In small amounts, nicotine is a stimulant, although in larger quantities it's considered a poison and is even used in many insecticides. The earliest French root of the word was nicotiane, which comes from the Modern Latin botanical term for the tobacco plant, Nicotiana, named for Jean Nicot, the French ambassador who first brought tobacco from Brazil to France in 1561.
WORD FAMILY
nicotine
USAGE EXAMPLES
Powered by a battery, e-cigarettes turn liquid nicotine into an inhalable vapor without the harmful tar generated by regular cigarettes.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
But even in fetuses, the evidence for the harms associated with nicotine exposure is not enough to point toward causality.
Slate(Dec 13, 2016)
Officials say people who need help quitting tobacco or nicotine should talk to their doctor.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 尼古丁; [化]烟碱
分布：尼古丁(100%)
→来自拉丁语Nicotiana,烟草植物的拉丁名，来自16世纪法国驻葡萄牙大使Jean Nicot,即Nicolas，因他从葡萄牙带回烟草种子到巴黎而得名。
【记】外来语，读：尼古丁
US [-tˌi:n] noun uncountable
■a poisonous chemical found in tobacco which makes people who breathe it in regularly want more of it 尼古丁，烟碱

Word: piecemeal
Front: piecemeal
[ˈpi:smi:l] (雅宝 19660/14731 -1)
Vocabulary: piecemeal
(once / 5126 pages)
adjadv
When you do something piecemeal, you're doing it little by little, but in a seemingly random way, with no order or system.
Say you're a computer geek and someone calls you desperate to find out how to fix a computer that's just crashed. If you respond piecemeal to the caller's questions, she'll have to call you back many times to get all the information she needs to get the computer up again. You may like to talk to her, but she's not going to be impressed with your computer smarts.
WORD FAMILY
piecemeal
USAGE EXAMPLES
The epidemic is addressed piecemeal, by churches, police, judges, nonprofit groups and volunteers.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Despite reforms under the previous government, Myanmar's land laws are piecemeal and contain overlapping provisions.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
Philosopher of science Eric Scerri asserts otherwise in this thoughtful treatise on research as evolution, not revolution — collective, piecemeal endeavour rather than heroic act.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adv. 逐渐地; 零碎地; 一件一件
adj. 零碎的; 逐个完成的; 一件一件的
n. 片，块
v. 把…弄成碎块
分布：零碎的(43%)，逐渐的(25%)，零碎地(17%)，逐个地(15%)
→piece,一块，一片，meal,此处来自其古义分配时间，指定时间。引申词义零碎的。
【记】piece（n 件），meal（n 一餐）：餐具是一件一件作出来的
['pi:s.mi:l] often disapproving
adverb adjective
■not done according to a plan but done at different times in different ways 一步一步的（地）；逐渐的（地）；逐个的（地）；零散的（地）
• Unfortunately, everything is being done piecemeal. 遗憾的是，所有的一切都零零星星地进行。
adj. 零碎的；逐渐的
 - gradual, bitty
n. 片；块
 - block, mass, slip
vt. 粉碎
 - comminute, pulverize

Word: psychiatrist
Front: psychiatrist
[saɪˈkaɪətrɪst] (5180/6979)
Vocabulary: psychiatrist
(once / 1872 pages)
n
A psychiatrist is a doctor who specializes in emotional, behavioral, or mental disorders. Sigmund Freud is the founder of the field of psychiatry, pioneering psychoanalytic treatment.
The noun psychiatrist has Greek roots in psykhe, meaning mind, and iatreia, meaning healing, so the word psychiatrist is literally one who heals the mind. As opposed to a psychologist, who also offers psychotherapy, a psychiatrist is a medical doctor and, as such, can prescribe medication for things like depression and anxiety.
WORD FAMILY
psychiatrist: psychiatrists+/ psychiatric: psychiatrically/ psychiatry: psychiatric, psychiatrical, psychiatries, psychiatrist
USAGE EXAMPLES
Any medication prescribed to him was overseen by a board-certified psychiatrist with expertise in working with autistic individuals.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
“For most patients,” said Dukakis’ psychiatrist, Dr. Charles Welch, “depression is a chronic and recurring illness that requires good lifetime management.”
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“For most patients,” said Mrs. Dukakis’s psychiatrist, Dr. Charles Welch, “depression is a chronic and recurring illness that requires good lifetime management.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 精神病专家，精神病医生; 精神病医生
分布：精神病学家(73%)，精神病医师(27%)
→来自psychiatry,精神病学。
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a doctor who is also trained in psychiatry 精神科医生
n. [心理] [内科] 精神病学家，精神病医生
 - alienist, trick cyclist

Word: portland
Front: portland
[ˈpɔ:tlənd] (-/12234)
Back: n. 波特兰（美国俄勒冈西北部港市）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: snarl
Front: snarl
[snɑ:l] (托宝 12288/10745 -1)
Vocabulary: snarl
(once / 699 pages)
1vn 2vn
To snarl or make a snarl is to growl like an angry dog or speak abruptly and aggressively. A snarl can also be something tangled or confused.
If you've ever heard a dog growl, then you know what a snarl is: a dog's snarl says, "Back off!" When people snarl, they speak in an angry way that isn't shouting but sounds mean. A human snarl is abrupt, sharp, and unfriendly. Another sense of the word is when something gets mixed up, like if wires get tangled together: that tangle is called a snarl. This meaning comes from the earliest use of snarl, "a snare or a noose."
WORD FAMILY
snarl: ensnarl, snarled, snarling, snarls, snarly, unsnarl+/ ensnarl: ensnarled, ensnarling/snarled: snarleder/unsnarl: unsnarled, unsnarling, unsnarls
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gleaming with rain, it rose up snarling, as if struggling to escape the earth.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
It is wonderful to see Cushing, replete with snarling lip and piercing stare, back in the franchise that relaunched his career.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Many Portland commuters left work early, hoping to beat the storm, but they were soon stuck in snarled traffic.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. （动物的）龇牙低吼，愤怒叫嚷（声）; 咆哮（声）; 混乱; 缠结
vi. （指狗）吠，嗥叫，（人）咆哮; 缠结; 混乱
vt. 咆哮着说，厉声地说; 搞乱; 使缠结
时态：snarled, snarling, snarls
分布：咆哮(37%)，混乱(17%)，吼叫(13%)，缠结(13%)，怒骂(12%)，纠缠(4%)，嚎叫(4%)
→来自中古英语 snarlen,缠结，来自 snare,编网，织网，-le,表反复。
【记】源于：snare罗网容易纠缠在一起
【反】disentangle（v 解脱；解开纠结）
US [snɑ:rl] verb intransitive or transitive
■(especially of dogs) to make a deep rough sound while showing the teeth, usually in anger or (of people) to speak or say something angrily and forcefully （尤指狗）龇牙低吼；（人）咆哮，吼叫
• The dogs started to snarl at each other so I had to separate them. 两条狗开始互相龇牙低吼，所以我不得不把它们分开。
• [+ speech] "Go to hell!", he snarled. “下地狱去吧！”他咆哮道。
UK [snɑ:l] US [snɑ:rl] noun countable
■a deep rough sound, usually made in anger 嗥叫；咆哮
• The dog gave a low snarl so I quickly drew my hand back. 那只狗低吼了一声，我就赶快把手抽了回来。
• "Take your hands off me!" she said with a snarl. “把你的手拿开！”她吼道。
n. 咆哮；怒骂；混乱
 - chaos, disorder, confusion, involvement, mix
vi. 咆哮；怒骂；缠结
 - gnar, huff and puff
vt. 搞乱；咆哮着说；使…缠结
 - gum up, bolix

Word: shovel
Front: shovel
[ˈʃʌvl] (六托雅 7249/11858 -1)
Back: n. 铲子，铁锹; 铲车; 一铲; 铲状物
vt. 铲，铲出; 用铲子挖; 把…胡乱投入; 铲除，挖清
vi. 铲
时态：shovelled, shovelling, shovels
分布：铲(89%)，用铲子(6%)，一铲的量(2%)，铲成(1%)，挖斗机(1%)，舀(1%)
→shove,推，挤，-el,工具格后缀。引申词义铲子，锹。
noun countable
■a tool consisting of a wide square metal or plastic blade, usually with slightly raised sides, fixed to a handle, for moving loose material such as sand, coal or snow 铲
■a similar part on a large machine, for picking up and holding loose material （大机器的）铲斗
■(also shovelful)
■the amount of something that can fit on a shovel 一铲（的量）
• Should I put another shovelful of coal on the fire? 我需要往火上再加一铲煤吗?
['ʃʌv.əl] verb intransitive or transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to move with a shovel 铲起；用铲子移动或移开
• Would you give me a hand shovelling the snow away from the garage door? 你能帮我把车库门前的雪铲走吗？
['ʃʌv.əl] verb intransitive or transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
shovel sth into your mouth (also shovel sth down)
■to put large quantities of food into your mouth very quickly 把（大量食物）很快地塞进嘴里；大口地吃，狼吞虎咽地吃
• He was sitting in front of the TV shovelling down a pizza. 他正坐在电视机前大口地吃着比萨。
shovel, spade
这组词都有“铲，铁，锹”的意思，其区别是：
shovel: 指用铲煤块、煤渣、沙雪或糖等铲子，有大有小。
spade: 指用于挖土刨地的铲子或铁锹。
n. 铁铲；一铲的量；铲车
 - shool
vt. 铲除；用铲挖；把…胡乱塞入
 - weed
vi. [机] 铲
 - spade

Word: scathing
Front: scathing
[ˈskeɪðɪŋ] (宝 15580/13730 -1)
Vocabulary: scathing
(once / 4208 pages)
adj
Scathing means witheringly harsh. If you enter a singing contest and the judge says that your singing is like that of a toad with laryngitis, that is scathing criticism.
Scathing comes from an old Norse verb, to scathe, which means to injure by fire or lighting. Now we use it when someone’s critique is so harsh that it feels like you've been burned. If your best friend turns against you and advertises your faults to the world, and you feel like everyone is staring and talking about you, you are having a scathing experience.
WORD FAMILY
scathing: scathingly+/scathe: scathes, scathing, unscathed
USAGE EXAMPLES
Through scathing glances at bigotry and class hierarchy, Jude conjures a world in flux and connects that world, unforgettably, to our own.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Justice Department issued a scathing report highlighting a culture of aggression within the police force.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Very little assistance from them, but scathing insults and criticism.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. （言词、文章）严厉的，尖刻的; 不留情的
adv. 严厉地，尖刻地
v. <诗>伤害，损害（尤指使之枯萎）( scathe的现在分词)
分布：严厉的(60%)，尖刻的(36%)，动词scathe的现在分词形式.(4%)
→来自 scathe,伤害，损伤，-ing,形容词后缀。引申词义严厉批评的。
【记】源于：scathe（v 烧伤；严厉指责）sca＝scar，the－烧伤的伤疤s死，cat猫，he：他的猫死了－烧伤而死sca读：死该＝该死，thing－做了该死的事情－苛刻严厉批评的
【反】calmly complimentary（冷静赞扬的）；politely cooperative（礼貌合作的）
adjective
■severely and unkindly critical 严厉批评的，尖刻斥责的
• scathing criticism 严厉的批评
• He was very scathing about the report, saying it was inaccurate. 他严厉批评了这份报告，说它不够正确。
adj. 严厉的；损伤的
 - severe, tight, hard, harsh, rigorous
v. 损伤；伤害（scathe的ing形式）
 - hurting

Word: cherry
Front: cherry
[ˈtʃeri] (研四 5582/7088 -2)
Back: n. 樱桃; 樱桃树; 樱桃色; 处女膜
分布：樱桃(77%)，樱桃树(19%)，樱桃色(4%)
→来自拉丁词cerasus,樱桃，词源同cerise。
n.樱桃(树)I hurt my tongue when I hurried to eat cherry and strawberry merrily.我匆忙快活地吃樱桃和草莓时伤了舌头.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a small, round, soft red or black fruit with a single hard seed in the middle, or the tree on which the fruit grows 樱桃；樱桃树
['tʃer.i] adjective (also cherry-red)
■bright red 樱桃红的，鲜红色的
• cherry-red lips 樱唇
n. [木] [园艺] 樱桃；樱桃树；如樱桃的鲜红色；处女膜，处女
 - hymen, virginal membrane

Word: bulletin
Front: bulletin
[ˈbʊlətɪn] (研六雅 6424/5751 -2)
Vocabulary: bulletin
(once / 1122 pages)
nv
A brief news report or statement that's written or spoken is a bulletin. A TV reporter might read a bulletin announcing the winner of a presidential election, for example.
You're most likely to hear a bulletin on the radio or television, usually in the form of a news update. A bulletin can also be a written or emailed report or newsletter that gives you brief information. A bulletin board is a message board that has such bulletins pinned to it. The root of bulletin is the Italian bulletta, "document" or "voting slip."
WORD FAMILY
bulletin: bulletined, bulletins
USAGE EXAMPLES
"There are no indications of specific threats to the U.S. Homeland," said a "situational awareness" bulletin issued to U.S.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Nemmer receives Klopp’s training schedules in advance; she is kept up-to-date with bulletins from the club’s doctors, its physiotherapists, its fitness coaches, even its psychologists.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Rep. Tina Liebling cited the issue’s complexity when she spoke with the Post Bulletin Editorial Board before the November election.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 公告，公报; 新闻快报; 小报; 期刊
vt. 公布，公告; 用公报发表
时态：bulletined, bulletining, bulletins
分布：公报(54%)，发表(23%)，期刊(14%)，新闻快报(5%)，用公告通知(3%)，公示(1%)
→bull, 教皇文件，官方文件，见bill, 议案，bull, 教皇训谕。
n.公报,公告,告示The dull bull fully fulfilled pulling the bulletproof bulletin board.迟钝的公牛充分履行了拖防弹公告牌(的职责).
【记】bullet子弹，in进。布告可以用子弹打进去。
US [-tˌɪn] noun countable
■a short news programme on television or radio often about something that has just happened, or a short newspaper printed by an organization （电视或电台的）新闻快报；（机构的）简报
• an hourly news bulletin 整点新闻快报
• The company publishes a fortnightly bulletin for its staff. 这家公司每两周为员工出一期简报。
n. 公告，公报
 - announcement, declaration
vt. 公布，公告
 - post, publish, notify

Word: subversive
Front: subversive
[səbˈvɜ:sɪv] (托宝 11280/11635 -1)
Vocabulary: subversive
(once / 3667 pages)
adjn
You might want to call someone subversive if they are sneakily trying to undermine something, from the social structure of your high school to an entire system of government.
You can use subversive as a noun or an adjective without changing it one whit. Note the prefix sub meaning "underneath" with the remainder coming from the Latin vertere "to turn." Think about a subversive as a sneaky kind of revolutionary who tries to turn the system from underneath. Art or literature is considered subversive if it attempts to undermine the morals and traditions of a society.
WORD FAMILY
subversive: subversively, subversiveness, subversives+/ subversion: countersubversion, subversions/ subvert: subversion, subversive, subverted, subverter, subverting, subverts/subverter: subverters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or is it a sly, subversive critique of that very syndrome, rooted in an entirely plausible sense of its city’s diverse demographics?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
A subversive chip would look identical to a normal one.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Trolls are trying to ignite the Internet with pictures of ovens or subversive signals sent to people with Jewish-sounding names.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 颠覆性的，破坏性的
n. 危险分子，颠覆分子
分布：颠覆性的(64%)，破坏性的(26%)，危险份子(6%)，破坏份子(4%)
→subvert,颠覆，-s,过去分词格，-ive,形容词后缀。
US [-'vɝ:-] formal
adjective
■trying to destroy or damage something, especially an established political system 破坏，动摇，颠覆（尤指已有的政治体系）
• subversive elements/groups in society 社会上的颠覆分子／集团
• subversive ideas/influences 煽动性想法／颠覆影响
adj. 破坏性的；从事颠覆的
 - ruinous

Word: detest
Front: detest
[dɪˈtest] (托雅宝 16282/14523 -1)
Vocabulary: detest
(once / 492 pages)
v
If you detest something, you dislike it intensely. The word can apply to things and also to people. You might detest your ex-boyfriend and you might also detest rainy Mondays and broccoli.
Detest comes from the Middle French word détester, meaning "to curse, to call God to witness and abhor." Though the words detest and hate are interchangeable, the word hate is much more common, which has caused it to lose some of its hateful impact. Detest is used more sparingly, reserved for cases where no other word will do, where your feelings of dislike are so powerful that they need just the right word to sum them up.
WORD FAMILY
detest: detestable, detestation, detested, detesting, detests+/ detestable: detestablest, detestably/detestation: detestations/detested: detestedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He detests the president-elect’s belligerence, his immaturity, his kooky cabinet picks, his arrogant rejection of intelligence briefings.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
If Richard Sherman was on any other team, people here would detest him.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Nabokov was exasperated by Wilson’s fondness for Lenin and Russia, which Nabokov detested.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 憎恶，嫌恶，痛恨
时态：detested, detesting, detests
分布：厌恶(76%)，痛恨(24%)
→de-, 向下，强调。-test, 见证，词源同attest, contest.即诅咒，召唤上帝来见证不共戴天的仇恨，极端憎恶，原词义通用化。
嫌恶,憎恶(de不+test→不愿作证→嫌恶)[test=test,tuitness,表示"测试,证据"]
【记】de坏，test证明－证明是坏的－憎恶
【参】attest（v 证明，表明）；testify（v 证明；作证）
verb transitive not continuous
■to hate someone or something very much 憎恨，厌恶，讨厌
• I detest any kind of cruelty. 我厌恶任何形式的残暴。
• [+ -ing verb] I detest having to get up when it's dark outside. 我讨厌天还未亮就要起床。
• her detested older brother 她那令人讨厌的哥哥
vt. 厌恶；憎恨
 - hate, turn away from

Word: deterrence
Front: deterrence
[dɪ'terəns] (12091/17622 -1)
Vocabulary: deterrence
(once / 16885 pages)
n
A deterrence discourages you from doing something. An invisible electric fence is an excellent deterrence for dogs who like to roam outside the yard.
You can influence someone's actions by promoting certain behaviors and discouraging others. And it's the discouragement part where deterrence comes in. A deterrence makes you reconsider doing something — usually bad things like stealing or skipping school — because you know the penalty will be harsh. Deterrences make you afraid to try something. So many homeowners hope that a security alarm will be a deterrence to burglars.
WORD FAMILY
deterrent: deterrence, deterrently, deterrents+/ deter: determent, deterred, deterrent, deterring, deters/determent: determents/deterred: undeterred
USAGE EXAMPLES
The statement reaffirmed Washington’s “ironclad commitment” to defend its allies, using “the full spectrum of US extended deterrence capabilities.”
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Nuclear weapons serve one purpose and one purpose alone: deterrence.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
This does not mean cyber deterrence is doomed to failure.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 威慑，制止; 制止物，制止因素; 挽留的事物; 核威慑
分布：威慑(91%)，妨碍物(5%)，制止(4%)
N-UNCOUNT
（尤指对战争或犯罪的）威慑，吓阻，遏制
Deterrence is the prevention of something, especially war or crime, by having something such as weapons or punishment to use as a threat.
例：...policies of nuclear deterrence.核威慑政策
n. 威慑；妨碍物；挽留的事物
 - preventer

Word: discourse
Front: discourse
[ˈdɪskɔ:s] (研六托宝 3253/2919 -1)
Vocabulary: discourse
(once / 230 pages)
nv
If you use the word discourse, you are describing a formal and intense discussion or debate.
The noun discourse comes from the Latin discursus to mean "an argument." But luckily, that kind of argument does not mean people fighting or coming to blows. The argument in discourse refers to an exchange of ideas — sometimes heated — that often follows a kind of order and give-and-take between the participants. It's the kind of argument and discussion that teachers love, so discourse away!
WORD FAMILY
discourse: discoursed, discourses, discoursing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The populist revolt highlights the need to rejuvenate democratic public discourse, to address the big questions people care about, including moral and cultural issues.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Yes, 2016 was a terrible year — for politics, civility, discourse, death.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Immigrants and minorities are fearful, bigots are emboldened, discourse is coarsened.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 论述，交谈; 正式的讨论
vi. 演说; 谈论
vt. 叙述; 讨论
时态：discoursed, discoursing, discourses
分布：讨论(41%)，谈话(35%)，叙述(12%)，讲述(12%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。course, 跑，跑道。原指谈话，全面的了解，后用来指论文，演讲。比较discuss, dissertation.
n.论文;演说;谈话;话语vi.讲述,著述The scholar discoursed on the poetic style of John Keats.那位学者讲述了约翰·济慈的诗歌风格.
【记】dis离开，course跑，课程－离开课程需要毕业演讲
【参】concourse（n 集合；合流；中央广场）
US [-kɔ:rs] formal
noun
uncountable
■communication in speech or writing 对话；交流
countable
■a speech or piece of writing about a particular, usually serious, subject 演讲，演说；论文，文章
• a discourse on/upon the nature of life after death 关于来世之实质的文章
n. 论述；谈话；演讲
 - speech, talk, address, lecture, treatise
vi. 演说；谈论；讲述
 - orate, speechify
vt. 说出；演奏出
 - come out with, give voice to

Word: fillip
Front: fillip
[ˈfɪlɪp] (37386/21876)
Vocabulary: fillip
(once / 13236 pages)
n
A fillip is something that boosts, promotes, or energizes. Giving away one free candy bar with every dozen purchased might give a fillip to your candy-selling business.
When economies or markets get a fillip, they move or grow in a positive direction, and if your confidence gets a fillip after you get a good grade, it's a boost to your morale. An older, now obsolete meaning of fillip was "a flick of the finger," sort of a soft snap, and as a verb, "to flip something with the fingers" or "to snap."
WORD FAMILY
fillip: fillips
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr Trump has provided only a temporary fillip.
Economist(Nov 17, 2016)
That will give the economy an extra fillip.
Economist(Nov 10, 2016)
Of that, about £25bn has actually been paid out, denting the cash resources of the banks and giving a significant fillip to consumer spending.
BBC(Nov 02, 2016)
Back: n. 弹指，轻击，刺激
v. 用指弹; 激起
分布：刺激(60%)，弹指(16%)，用指弹(12%)，鼓励(4%)，轻击(4%)，激起(4%)
→词源不详。可能来自拟声词，扑腾，拍打，词源同flap, flip. 引申词义刺激，鼓舞。
noun countable usually singular
■something which causes a sudden improvement （起推动作用的）刺激物
• The athletics win provided a much-needed fillip to/for national pride. 体育竞赛的获胜激发了人们的民族自豪感，这种刺激是人们殷切需要的。
• The news gave the stock market a big fillip. 这个消息对股市起了极大的振奋作用。
n. 刺激；弹指
 - stimulus, incentive, excitement, needle, irritation

Word: germ
Front: germ
[dʒɜ:m] (研四六托雅宝 9241/11643 -1)
Vocabulary: germ
(once / 495 pages)
n
A germ is a tiny life form that spreads disease. Germs are also small things that grow into larger things — whether animals, plants, or ideas.
Germ is not a technical term, but you've probably heard it used in reference to tiny organisms (such as bacteria) that cause disease. A germ is also any small structure, such as a fertilized egg, that grows into something larger. A seed that grows into a plant is a germ. In some cases, you can talk about ideas as germs. The inspiration for a book or movie can be described as the germ of the project. Germs are small, but they start big things.
WORD FAMILY
germ: germinal, germinate, germs, germy+/ germinal: germinally/ germinate: germinated, germinates, germinating, germination/germination: germinations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Republican leaders are quick to note that, while Garland appears to be qualified, his name is an anagram for “Rancid Lark Germ.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
In “20th Century Women,” this provided the germ of an opening-scene flashback.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
At the earliest stages of life, in the embryo, our germ cells begin to develop.
Nature(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. [生]幼芽，胚芽; 微生物; 起源，萌芽
分布：细菌(49%)，胚芽(36%)，微生物(15%)
→来自拉丁语germen, 来自词根gen, 生育，萌芽，词源同generate. 字母n在m前r 化，比较carcinogen, 来自cancer. 后用于科学术语，细菌。
细菌[germ=seed,表示"种子"]
n.微生物,细菌The thermal therapy terminated after the terminal germ seminar.热疗在期末细菌研讨会后终止了.
【参】germicide（n 杀菌剂）cide杀；suicide（n 自杀）
US [dʒɝ:m] noun
ORGANISM 生物体
 ADVANCED countable usually plural
■a very small organism that causes disease 病菌；细菌
• Wash your hands so you don't get germs on the food. 洗洗手，你就不会把细菌弄到食物上了。
• Rats and flies spread germs. 老鼠和苍蝇传播病菌。
UK [dʒɜ:m] US [dʒɝ:m] noun
AMOUNT 数量
germ of sth
only singular
■a small amount, usually one which develops into something large or important （通常指发展成为巨大或重要事物）的发端，发源，萌芽
• He found the germ of an idea in an old newspaper. 他的想法萌生于一份旧报纸。
bacteria, germ, virus, bug, microbe
这组词都有“致病的微生物”的意思，其区别是：
bacteria: (系bacterium的复数形式)，泛指任何在动植物体中广泛传播的微生物细菌，其中有的对生命体无害，有的能导致传染病或严重疾病，如天花、霍乱等。
germ: 微生物的俗称，专指引起人体生命的病菌。
virus: 技术用语，特指病毒或过滤性病原体。
bug: 非正式用词，指细菌或由病毒所引起的传染病。
microbe: 本义指在显微镜下才能见到的微生物，现在多指引起疾病的细菌。
n. [植] 胚芽，萌芽； [微] 细菌
 - seed, plantule
vi. 萌芽
 - burgeon, spring up

Word: entangle
Front: entangle
[ɪnˈtæŋgl] (托雅宝 14257/14233 -1)
Vocabulary: entangle
(once / 624 pages)
v
To entangle is to snarl, intertwine with, or get caught in. Too often, dolphins entangle themselves in large fishing nets meant to catch tuna or swordfish.
If you mean to trip your brother, you can entangle your leg around his, and when long-haired people don't brush it for days, it will snarl and entangle itself. A figurative way to entangle is to get caught up in a complicated situation: "I didn't mean to entangle you in this mess with my roommates!" Entangle's roots are en-, "put in" or "cause to be" and tangle, or "snarl."
WORD FAMILY
entangle: disentangle, entangled, entanglement, entangles, entangling+/ disentangle: disentangled, disentanglement, disentangler, disentangles, disentangling/disentanglement: disentanglements/disentangler: disentanglers/entanglement: entanglements/ tangle: entangle, tangled, tangles, tangling, untangle/untangle: untangled, untangles, untangling/untangling: untanglings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Brown soon was entangled in litigation accusing him of being a District slumlord.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Or, “I became entangled with a flotilla of jellyfish on a European holiday.”
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Their cases are entangled now in a series of lawsuits in federal court.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 使纠缠，缠住; 使卷入，使陷入，连累; 使混乱
时态：entangled, entangling, entangles
分布：卷入(61%)，使 ... 混乱(13%)，使 ... 复杂(13%)，使 ... 纠缠(13%)
→en-, 进入，使。tangle, 卷入。
【记】tangle（n 混乱状态）
【反】extricate（vt 使解脱；救出；放出）；snarl（n /v 缠结；混乱）
verb transitive usually passive
■to cause something to become caught in something such as a net or ropes （用网、绳等）缠住，套住
• The dolphin had become entangled in/with the fishing nets. 海豚被渔网缠住了。
entangled in/with sth/sb
■involved with something or someone in a way that makes it difficult to escape 卷入；陷入；与…发生纠葛
• He went to the shop to buy bread, and got entangled in/with a carnival parade. 他去商店买面包，却被卷进嘉年华游行队伍里去了。
• The mayor and the city council are anxious to avoid getting entangled in the controversy. 市长和市议会迫切希望能避免卷入这场争议。
• She seems to be romantically entangled with some artist in Rome. 她似乎和一位罗马艺术家陷入了感情纠葛
vt. 使纠缠；卷入；使混乱
 - cloud, intertangle

Word: hardy
Front: hardy
[ˈhɑ:di] (六托雅宝 10388/7183 -2)
Vocabulary: hardy
(once / 642 pages)
adj
Hardy means tough––if you're hardy, you don't get tired easily and can endure hardship. People who don't catch cold often attribute this fact to their coming from hardy farming stock.
Before 1200, hardy indicated boldness and daring in battle and was probably influenced by hard. Warriors are hardy: they’re brave and strong and don’t easily tire. Plants and animals can also be hardy if they can survive harsh weather or poor growing conditions. When planting a lawn, you should pick hardy species of grass, which will survive droughts and come back after long, cold winters.
WORD FAMILY
hardy: hardier, hardiest, hardihood, hardily, hardiness, hardyly+/hardihood: hardihoods
USAGE EXAMPLES
Someday Russia may become the “normal” country that its hardy liberals talk about.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Most offer Fraser firs, a species revered for its hardy nature and strong fragrance.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Because they enjoyed raising sheep, they are now looking at a couple of heritage species that would be hardier.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 强壮的; 大胆，勇敢的; 鲁莽的; [植]耐寒的
n. 强壮的人; 耐旱植物; 方柄凿
级别：hardier, hardiest
分布：耐寒的(32%)，勇敢的(24%)，能吃苦耐劳的(22%)，强壮的(22%)
→来自hard,坚强的，顽强的。
US ['hɑ:r-] adjective
■strong enough to bear extreme conditions or difficult situations 强壮的；能吃苦耐劳的
• A few hardy souls continue to swim in the sea even in the middle of winter. 许多身体强壮的人甚至在隆冬时节仍坚持在海里游泳。
■describes a plant that can live through the winter without protection from the weather （植物）耐寒的
• a hardy perennial 耐寒的多年生植物
adj. 坚强的；勇敢的；能吃苦耐劳的；鲁莽的
 - strong, tough, game, brave, steel

Word: housewife
Front: housewife
[ˈhaʊswaɪf] (高研四六 8592/5741 -1)
Back: n. 家庭主妇; 家庭妇女
分布：家庭主妇(94%)，针线盒(6%)
→比喻用法。
n.家庭主妇The mouse's tearing the blouse and trousers aroused the housewife's anger.老鼠撕咬短衫和裤子激起了主妇的怒火.
noun countable (plural housewives)
 IMPROVER
■a woman whose work is inside the home, doing the cleaning, cooking, etc., and who usually does not have any other job 家庭主妇，家庭妇女
n. 家庭主妇
 - materfamilias, frow

Word: hesitant
Front: hesitant
[ˈhezɪtənt] (9455/11262 -1)
Vocabulary: hesitant
(once / 2635 pages)
adj
When you’re feeling hesitant, you aren’t sure what to do, so instead of taking action you wait a little, biding your time until you figure out what option is best.
The Latin word haesitant translates as “being undecided,” and not being able to decide is exactly what makes you hesitant. Being hesitant will make you hesitate for a bit, waiting to see what happens next. Nervousness or fear will make your actions hesitant, like when trying to walk across a rickety wooden bridge. Should you keep going or turn back? Your hesitant steps show that you’re still wrestling with that question. Whatever you decide, don’t look down.
WORD FAMILY
hesitant: hesitance, hesitancy, hesitantingly, hesitantly+/hesitance: hesitances/hesitancy: hesitancies
USAGE EXAMPLES
After the first Winter Classic in Buffalo the league was hesitant to even confirm there would be a second one.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
On the day of the Brink’s heist, Clark told me, she was hesitant on several counts, starting with her baby at home.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
They might find themselves hesitant to attack screen passes, real or imagined, with too much aggression, for fear of getting burned on the back side.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 踌躇的; 犹豫的; 迟疑的; 吞吞吐吐的
分布：迟疑的(55%)，犹豫不定的(45%)
→来自hesitate,犹豫，踌躇。
adjective
■If you are hesitant, you do not do something immediately or quickly because you are nervous or not certain 犹豫的，踌躇的
• You seemed a bit hesitant about recommending that restaurant - is something wrong with it? 你似乎不是很愿意推荐那家餐厅——它有甚么问题吗？
• She gave me a hesitant smile. 她勉强向我笑了笑。
adj. 迟疑的；踌躇的；犹豫不定的
 - tentative

Word: imaginary
Front: imaginary
[ɪˈmædʒɪnəri] (研四六托 6513/6863 -K1)
Vocabulary: imaginary
(once / 577 pages)
adjn
Anything imaginary is not real: it only exists in someone's head. We hate to ruin your day, but unicorns are imaginary.
Our imagination allows us to think of anything we want, and things that only exist in our minds are imaginary. Many children have imaginary friends: people they talk to who aren't real. Mythological beings like dragons, Zeus, and Thor are imaginary. A fantasy about marrying a movie star is probably imaginary, because that isn't likely to happen.
WORD FAMILY
imaginary: imaginaries, imaginarily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Obviously not all of them were qualified to be president; some of them — here we are thinking of “Lincoln Chafee” — were probably imaginary.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“If we cling to the concept of ‘globalisation’, we should not see it as a continuous and uninterrupted march toward an imaginary ‘global modernity’.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
I jog in place and “jump rope” using an imaginary rope.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 想像中的，假想的，虚构的; [数]虚数的; 幻; 虚幻
分布：虚构的(60%)，想象的(40%)
→来自imagine,想象。
想象的(imagine想象)[-ary 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,场所,物"]
a.想象的,虚构的He told a story about an imaginary land.他讲了一个关于虚构的地方的故事.
US [-ə.ner-] adjective
■describes something that is created by and exists only in the mind; that is not real 想像中的；虚构的
• As a child I had an imaginary friend called Polly. 小时候我有个想像中的朋友叫波莉。
• The story is set in an imaginary world. 故事发生在一个虚构的世界中。
• imaginary fears 想像出来的恐惧
imaginable, imaginary, imaginative
这些词都是与想象有关的形容词。
imaginable: 可以想象得到的。如：This is the only solution imaginable.(这是惟一想得出的解决办法。)
imaginary: 假想的，虚构的。如：an imaginary character in a story(故事里的虚构人物)
imaginative: 富于想象力力的。如：an imaginative artist(想像力丰定的艺术家)
adj. [计] [摄] 虚构的， [心理] 假想的；想像的；虚数的
 - fictitious, figmentary

Word: idol
Front: idol
[ˈaɪdl] (托宝 9381/9859 -1)
Vocabulary: idol
(once / 350 pages)
1n 2n
An idol can be a religious image or a person who people admire and maybe even seem to worship. A statue of a Hindu god is a religious idol, but Madame Curie is an idol to aspiring scientists.
The word idol comes from the Old French idole for "pagan god," through the Greek eidolon for “reflection in water or a mirror.” In religion, an idol isn’t the real deity but a representation of it. These days, rock stars and celebrities are idols, but so are scientists and writers. If you say Flannery O’ Connor is your idol, you don’t mean you bow down before a statue of the Southern writer, it just means you admire her big time.
WORD FAMILY
idol: idolise, idolize, idols+/idolise: idolisation, idolised, idoliser, idolises, idolising/idoliser: idolisers/ idolize: idolization, idolized, idolizer, idolizes, idolizing/idolizer: idolizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The “Apprentice” franchise, however,  is only two years younger than “Idol.”
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
The era of fedora hats, braces and brogues fits Affleck’s classic matinee idol good looks, too.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Rickey Smith, an “American Idol” finalist was killed in an automobile crash in Oklahoma City.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 偶像，崇拜物; 幽灵; 谬论; 幻觉
分布：偶像(98%)，菩萨(2%)
→来自拉丁语idolum,形象，影象，神像，词源同idea,想象，想出来的想法。引申词义偶像。
偶像[idol=image,表示"形象,偶像"]
noun countable
■someone who is admired and respected very much 偶像，明星
• a pop/sporting idol 流行音乐偶像／体育明星
• The Hollywood film idols of the 1940s were glamorous figures, adored by millions. 20世纪40年代好莱坞的电影明星魅力四射，受无数人崇拜。
■a picture or object that people pray to as part of their religion 神像
• The ancient people of this area worshipped a huge bronze idol in the shape of an elephant. 这个地区的古代居民膜拜一尊象形的青铜巨像。
n. 偶像，崇拜物；幻象；谬论
 - vision, icon

Word: nuke
Front: nuke
[nju:k] (17702/46837)
Back: n. 核武器，核能发电厂，核潜艇
v. 以核武器攻击，，以核武器摧毁
时态：nuked, nuking, nukes
分布：核武器(70%)，核能发电厂(18%)，以核武器攻击(12%)
→俚语，缩写自nuclear weapon.
US [nu:k] verb transitive slang
■to bomb somewhere with nuclear weapons 用核武器攻击
• The two countries were threatening to nuke each other. 两个国家都威胁要对对方使用核武器。
■mainly US informal
■to heat or cook something in a microwave oven 用微波炉加热；用微波炉烹调
UK [nju:k] US [nu:k] noun countable slang
■a nuclear weapon 核武器
• 'No nukes here!' the banner read. 横幅上写著「禁止在此使用核武器！”
n. 核武器；核能发电厂；核潜艇
 - nuclear weapons, nuclear power plant

Word: repercussion
Front: repercussion
[ˌri:pəˈkʌʃn] (宝 10805/11252 -1)
Vocabulary: repercussion
(once / 8248 pages)
n
A repercussion is something that happens because of another action. You could quit paying your rent, but getting evicted from your apartment might be the repercussion.
Repercussion may remind you slightly of concussion or percussion — what they all have in common is the idea of something (a head, a drum) getting hit. With repercussion, the hitting is the action, and the result (i.e., the repercussion) is like hearing an echo of that original strike over and over as it reverberates through the air.
WORD FAMILY
repercussion: repercussions+/percuss: percussed, percusses, percussing, percussion, percussive, repercuss/ percussion: percussionist, percussions/percussionist: percussionists/percussive: percussively/repercuss: repercusses, repercussion
USAGE EXAMPLES
He cited in part the potential repercussions against U.S. military personnel posted abroad.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The Syrian government's recapture of Aleppo is a major turning point in the Syrian civil war with potentially powerful political repercussions.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The Syrian government’s recapture of Aleppo is a major turning point in the Syrian civil war with potentially powerful political repercussions.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 弹回，返回; 反响，影响; （光、声等的）反射; 浮动诊胎法
分布：反响(47%)，弹回(20%)，后果(20%)，反射(13%)
→re-,向后，往回，percussion,敲击，碰撞。比喻用法。
反响,影响(re一再+percussion→一再引起震动→产生的影响,后果)[cuss=shake,表示"摇动"]
【记】re反复，percussion（n 震动；打击乐器）－反复震动－回声；反响；参：percuss（v 轻敲），cuss作为词根是“震动”的意思。
US [-pɚ-] noun countable usually plural
■the effect that an action, event or decision has on something, especially a bad effect （尤指坏的）影响，反响；恶果
• Any decrease in tourism could have serious repercussions for the local economy. 旅游业只要出现任何一点衰退，都可能会给当地经济带来严重影响。
• President Kennedy's assassination had far-reaching repercussions. 甘乃迪总统遇刺产生的影响是深远的。
n. 反响；弹回；反射；浮动诊胎法
 - reflection, resonance

Word: refuel
Front: refuel
[ˌri:ˈfju:əl] (15247/15640 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. （给）加油，加燃料; 给…换新燃料
时态：refuelled, refuelling, refuels
分布：补给燃料(100%)
→re-,再，重新，fuel,燃料。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to put more fuel into an aircraft, ship, etc. so that it can continue its journey （给飞机、轮船等）补充燃料，加燃料，加油

Word: sequel
Front: sequel
[ˈsi:kwəl] (8892/11795 -1)
Vocabulary: sequel
(once / 1063 pages)
n
A sequel is a continuation or part two. The Empire Strikes Back and Toy Story 2 are sequels. Many successful movies have sequels.
The most common meaning of sequel is for a book or movie that follows another, but the term can be used for just about anything that comes second. We might say of an actress who begins her career with a bang, "What will she do for a sequel?" A football team that wins a championship may have trouble with the sequel — trying to win another one next year. All sequels have a tough challenge — living up to the original.
WORD FAMILY
sequel: sequels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Reynolds and the Deadpool creative team are hard at work on the upcoming sequel, with John Wick’s David Leitch on board to direct.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
I wrote about the many projects Fisher was involved in as an actor and writer, from “Star Wars” to a possible sequel to “Wishful Drinking.”
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
This is the logic of many video game sequels: Over time, they become more about the auto-nostalgia for previous games in the series.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 继续; 续集，续篇; 结局，后果; 余波
分布：续集(71%)，结局(12%)，续篇(11%)，后果(6%)
→来自拉丁语 sequi,追随，延续，词源同 sequence,pursue.-el,小词后缀。引申词义续集，续篇。
noun countable
■a book, film or play which continues the story of a previous book, etc. （书、电影或戏剧的）续篇，续集
• I'm reading the sequel to 'Gone with the Wind'. 我正在读《飘》的续集。
Compare prequel an event which happens after and is the result of an earlier event 后果；结局
• There was a dramatic sequel to last Thursday's scandalous revelations when the minister for trade suddenly announced his resignation. 贸易部长突然宣布辞职，上星期四的丑闻曝光便有了戏剧般的结局。
n. 续集；结局；继续；后果
 - conclusion, outcome, ending, continuation

Word: uncommon
Front: uncommon
[ʌnˈkɒmən] (6725/6901 -1)
Back: adj. 不寻常的; 罕见的; 非凡的，杰出的; 非常接近的
分布：不常见的(54%)，不寻常的(42%)，极度的(4%)
【记】un不，common（adj 共同的；普通的）：不平常的
【反】pedestrian（n 步行者；adj 平淡乏味的）
US [-'kɑ:.mən] adjective
NOT FREQUENT 不频繁的
■not seen, happening or experienced often 罕见的，不常有的
• Accidents due to failure of safety equipment are uncommon nowadays. 因安全装置失灵导致的事故如今很罕见。
• It's not uncommon for people to become ill when they travel. 人们在旅行途中患病的情况很常见。
UK [ʌn'kɒm.ən] US [-'kɑ:.mən] adjective
EXTREME 极端的 old-fashioned formal
■describes a quality, especially a human quality, that is larger in amount or degree than usual （尤指人的特质）不寻常的，异常的
• a woman of uncommon beauty 异常漂亮的女子
uncommon, abnormal, disordered
这组词都有“反常的”的意思，其区别是：
uncommon: a.罕见的，不平常的，指很少经历或很少见到的状况；特别的，出色的。
 • Hurricanes are uncommon in England.   飓风在英国非常罕见。
 • That is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes great!   那速溶咖啡质量上乘，味道好极了！
abnormal: a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕见)，指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。
 • His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.   他的体温三天来一直都不正常，最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度。(尽管身体发烧不正常，但生活中也时有发生。)
disordered: a.混乱的，杂乱的；(精神或身体)有病的。
 • We couldn't understand her disordered presentation.   我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。
 • hehe, then I'd better face my belly downward the ground.
uncommon, rare, scare, occasional
这组词都有“稀罕的，很少发生”的意思，其区别是：
uncommon: 指一般不发生或很少发生的事情，故显得独特、异常与例外。
rare: 指难得发生的事或难遇见的人或事，侧重特殊性。
scare: 指暂时不易发现、不存在或数量不足，供不应求的东西。
occasional: 指偶然、不时或间或发生的事，侧重无规律可循。
adj. 不寻常的；罕有的
 - unusual, unwonted
adv. 非常地
 - considerably, remarkably, finely, tremendously

Word: unnoticed
Front: unnoticed
[ˌʌnˈnəʊtɪst] (宝 9341/9639 -1)
Back: adj. 未被觉察到的，未被注意到的; 不受人注意的，被忽视的; 没人理睬的
分布：被忽视的(75%)，不被注意的(25%)
【记】un不，notice（v 注意），d：不引人注意的
【反】sensation（n 耸人听闻的事件）－unnoticed event（未被关注的事）
US [-'noʊ.ɪst] adjective adverb
■without being seen or noticed 未被看见的；未被注意到的
• We managed to slip away unnoticed. 我们设法神不知鬼不觉地溜走了。
• His rude comments are not likely to go unnoticed. 他那些无礼的言论不会没有人注意到。
adj. 被忽视的；不引人注意的；未被注意的
 - ignored, neglected

Word: camel
Front: camel
[ˈkæml] (中高研四六托 6953/7869 -1)
Vocabulary: camel
(once / 423 pages)
n
A camel is a four-legged desert animal that's slightly larger than a horse. Camels are distinctive for the humps on their backs.
There are two types of camels: the single-humped or dromedary and the two-humped camel. The first kind lives in the Middle East and parts of Africa, while the second is found in Central Asia. All camels are well-suited to life in the desert, going long periods without water and able to withstand high heat. The word camel comes from the Greek kamelos, and may be related to the Arabic jamala, "to bear."
WORD FAMILY
camel: camels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pitch 2 was an anemic office prank: a woman surprised by a screen saver of a camel.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
In Riyadh, the king supported a soup kitchen for the poor, the correspondent wrote, with “an oven large enough for a camel.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
A dusty city of 120,000 souls, it was founded a millennium ago for caravans of camels carrying salt and gold to west Africa.
Economist(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: n. 骆驼
分布：骆驼(95%)，驼色(4%)，浮船箱(1%)
→来自希伯来语，字线C，G原型。
n.骆驼On the camp of the campus the campaign champion put the camera on the camel.在校园的营地上运动冠军将摄影机放在骆驼上.
noun
ANIMAL 动物
countable
■a large animal with a long neck, that lives in the desert and has one or two humps (= large raised areas of flesh) on its back 骆驼
⇒ See also dromedary
['kæm.əl] noun
CLOTH 布料
uncountable (also camel hair)
■a soft, pale brown cloth made from wool and used to make coats 驼毛；驼绒
n. [畜牧] [脊椎] 骆驼；打捞浮筒；工作作风官僚
 - oont

Word: containment
Front: containment
[kənˈteɪnmənt] (宝 9567/12355 -1)
Vocabulary: containment
(once / 7086 pages)
n
Containment is a way to keep something bad from spreading. If you get chicken pox, you won't be allowed back in school until you're not contagious anymore. Your school's aiming for containment of the disease by keeping you away from everyone else.
Containment is also a foreign policy strategy. If one country is stirring up trouble by sending weapons and fighters into neighboring countries, other countries can join together and enact a policy of containment, to isolate the rogue country and keep it from causing chaos outside its borders. In a nuclear reactor, the containment system is the back-up system that's supposed to keep dangerous radiation from leaking out into the atmosphere or water when there's an accident.
WORD FAMILY
contain: contained, container, containing, containment, contains+/contained: self-contained/ container: containerful, containerise, containerize, containers/containerize: containerized
USAGE EXAMPLES
The successful containment of an epidemic—a public-health triumph—would likewise impede vaccine development.
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
Containment of communism became the organizing principle of U.S. foreign policy for the next four decades, benefiting from broad bipartisanship consensus on the question.
Salon(Dec 07, 2016)
They say the wastewater was confined to a containment area and cleaned up.
Washington Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 牵制; 包含; 容量; 密闭度
分布：控制(78%)，遏制政策(20%)，容积(2%)
→来自contain, 持，握，包含。
noun uncountable specialized
■when something or someone harmful is controlled and limited 控制；抑制；阻止
• Containment of crowd violence was the police's main concern. 阻止群体暴力事件的发生是警方最关注的事。
■an attempt to keep another country's political power within limits without having a war with them （对他国政治力量的）遏制
• The government is pursuing a policy of containment. 政府在奉行遏制政策。
n. 包含；牵制；容量；密闭度
 - bulk, involved in, involvement, comprehension, inclusion

Word: bacterial
Front: bacterial
[bæk'tɪərɪəl] (8586/8310)
Vocabulary: bacterial
(once / 4715 pages)
adj
If your illness is caused by bacteria, you can describe it as bacterial. For example, a lung infection that results from being exposed to bacteria is called bacterial pneumonia.
Some infections and illnesses are caused by viruses, and they're called viral. Other kinds occur when your immune system is invaded by microorganisms called bacteria, and these are bacterial. You're most likely to hear the adjective bacterial when you're sick. The root word, bakterion, is Greek for "small staff or rod." Bacterial organisms were named this way in the 1830's because the first bacteria observed through a microscope were rod-shaped.
WORD FAMILY
bacterial: antibacterial, bacterially+/ antibacterial: antibacterials/ bacteria: bacterial, bacterioid, bacterise, bacterize, bacteroid
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some facilities started testing scopes for contamination after cleaning and holding them in quarantine for 48 hours to check them again for bacterial growth.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Earlier in the year, it teamed up with a U.S. biotech to develop products aimed at restoring bacterial balance in the digestive system.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s not clear how that translates to humans: Mice eat each other’s droppings when they live together, so they easily share the bacterial wealth.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 细菌的; 细菌性
分布：细菌的(100%)
US [-'tɪr.i-] adjective
■caused by, made from, or relating to bacteria 细菌的
• a bacterial infection 细菌感染
• bacterial contamination/growth 细菌污染／生长
adj. [微] 细菌的
 - microbic

Word: contingency
Front: contingency
[kənˈtɪndʒənsi] (雅 8027/7087 -1)
Vocabulary: contingency
(once / 1422 pages)
n
If you plan to walk home if the weather is nice, but bring subway fare just in case, then taking the subway is your contingency plan. A contingency is an event you can't be sure will happen or not.
The noun contingency describes something that might or might not happen. We use it to describe an event or situation that is a possible outcome but one that's impossible to predict with certainty. A company might have a contingency plan for what to do if something goes wrong with their primary strategy, also known as "plan B." They might even have plans C, D, and E, to prepare for multiple contingencies.
WORD FAMILY
contingency: contingencies+/ contingent: contingency, contingently, contingents
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first few precious moments of "A New Hope" follow the angry revolutionary pulling together a contingency plan to smuggle spy documents off a spaceship.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It is prompting some brands to pre-emptively draft informal contingency plans, and others, like H&R Block, to spend money shoring up their reputation.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Tillerson remained a contingency, but his stock was starting to rise.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 意外事故，偶发事件; 可能性，偶然性; [审计]意外开支
分布：偶然(81%)，偶发事件(19%)
→con-, 强调。-ting, 接触，词源同contact,tangible. 指接触到的，偶然发生的。
偶然;意外事故(con+ting+ency→两件事接触→两车相撞→意外事故)[tact,tag,tig,ting=touch表示"接触"]
[kən'tɪn.dʒənt.si] formal
noun countable
■something that might possibly happen in the future, usually causing problems or making further arrangements necessary 可能发生的事；意外事件，不测事件
• You must be able to deal with all possible contingencies. 你必须能应付一切可能发生的意外事件。
• Have you made any contingency plans ? 你们制订应急方案了吗？
n. 偶然性； [安全] 意外事故；可能性； [审计] 意外开支
 - possibility, probability, feasibility, potential, chance

Word: daft
Front: daft
[dɑ:ft] (宝 22479/7160 -1)
Vocabulary: daft
(once / 5137 pages)
adj
Daft means "foolish, wacky, or nutty." like your daft idea of wearing flip-flops to hike through the snow so that you didn't ruin your boots.
When the adjective daft is used, you know something extremely silly or obviously goofy is involved — like setting all your money on fire to keep warm, instead of just using it to buy a coat. Some synonyms for daft are absurd, ridiculous, senseless and idiotic, so if someone calls you "daft," maybe you should rethink what you are trying to accomplish: Is there a better way to do it?
WORD FAMILY
daft: dafter, daftest, daftly, daftness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Did that choir perform Daft Punk’s “Get Lucky” at the Sochi Olympics?
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The choir’s rendition of Daft Punk’s "Get Lucky" at the opening of the 2014 Winter Olympics Russia hosted in Sochi became an online sensation.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Second, keep things simple: “The commercial world is full of daft ideas”.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 愚笨的; 癫狂的; 玩闹的
级别：dafter, daftest
分布：愚蠢可笑的(100%)
→来自dhabh, 匹配，组装，词源同fabric. 原义为温和的，举止得体的，词源同deft. 后词义由温和的讽刺的过渡到笨拙的，愚蠢的。
【记】读：打福特（一种比较牛的汽车品牌）。你说你没事儿打什么福特呀？不仅车牛，里头的人更牛，你不是招抽呢吗？傻！！！
【反】judicious（adj 明智的）
US [dæft] informal
adjective
 ADVANCED
■silly or stupid 傻的，笨的，愚蠢的
• You daft idiot! 你真是个傻瓜！
• It was a pretty daft idea anyway. 不管怎么说这都是一个非常愚蠢的想法。
• Don't be daft - let me pay - you paid last time. 别傻了——我来付钱吧——上次你付过了。
UK [dɑ:ft] US [dæft] informal
adjective
be (as) daft as a brush UK informal
■to be very silly 很傻，很蠢
• He's a nice enough boy, but he's as daft as a brush. 他人不错，就是太蠢。
adj. 癫狂的；愚笨的；狂闹的
 - imbecilic, mullet-headed

Word: downstream
Front: downstream
[ˌdaʊnˈstri:m] (10107/11771 -1)
Back: adv. 在下游地; 顺流地
adj. 顺流而下的; 在下游方向的
分布：顺流的(67%)，朝下游方向(33%)
adverb adjective
■in the direction a river or stream is flowing 顺流（的），向下游（的）
• The current carried her downstream. 水流将她冲向下游。
Compare upstream
adj. [水文] 下游的；顺流的
 - lower

Word: hobby
Front: hobby
[ˈhɒbi] (中高雅 6554/6000 -K2)
Vocabulary: hobby
(once / 1474 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A hobby is an activity that you do in your spare time for fun. Your hobby may be putting together model train sets and driving your mom crazy from all the noise.
In the 13th century the word hobby referred to a small horse or a pony. It later came to describe a toy horse — a hobbyhorse. It’s from the hobbyhorse that the word’s modern sense of “favorite pastime” evolved. A hobby is something that you do for fun — not money — and you typically do it fairly regularly. Collecting stamps, growing roses, reading — any of these can be hobbies.
WORD FAMILY
hobby: hobbies, hobbyism, hobbyist+/hobbyist: hobbyists
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I’m interested in military topics, masculine hobbies, hard, tough, extreme things, things that require you to overcome physical discomfort,” he said.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The twins spent their entire being sharing toys, sharing hobbies, sharing looks.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
She enjoys helping her grandson with his hobby, she said.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 业余爱好; 嗜好，兴趣; 小马
分布：业余爱好(100%)
→缩写自hobby-horse,玩具马，竹马，词源同hop,跳。原指儿童玩的骑马游戏，引申词义业余爱好。比较诗句“郎骑竹马来，绕床弄青梅”。
n.业余爱好,嗜好,兴趣I hope to make copper copies of the telescope and microscope for hobby in the lobby.我希望制作望远镜和显微镜的铜质复制品.
US ['hɑ:.bi] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■an activity which someone does for pleasure when they are not working 业余爱好，嗜好
• Ben's hobby is restoring vintage motorcycles. 班的业余爱好是修复旧型摩托车。
n. 嗜好；业余爱好
 - weakness, habit, appetite, liking

Word: forty
Front: forty
[ˈfɔ:ti] (中高 3734/1350 -5)
Vocabulary: forty
(once / 123 pages)
nadj
Whether you call it 40 or XL, you're talking about forty: the number between thirty-nine and forty-one.
If you’ve ever seen the Roman numeral XL, that means forty, since X equals ten, L equals 50 and if you put the X before the L it means L minus X or 50 minus 10 — which is 40. This number comes up in the Bible a lot, especially when the earth is said to have been flooded for forty days and forty nights. Most people are not that thrilled to turn 40 years old: it means they're middle-aged.
WORD FAMILY
forty: forties, fortieth+/forties: mid-forties/fortieth: fortieths
USAGE EXAMPLES
A tall auburn-haired woman in her forties, she starts her science students working with the farm when they’re in kindergarten.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The latest vote was a hundred and seventeen countries in favor to forty against.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
They still control as much as forty per cent of Syrian territory, Landis said.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 四十; 四十几
adj. 四十的
分布：四十(99%)，只 ... )(1%)
→for,同four. -ty,同 ten.
num./a.四十pron.四十(个,只...)He will be forty on his next birthday.到下次生日, 他就四十岁了.
US ['fɔ:r.tˌi] number
 ESSENTIAL
■the number 40 （数位）40
• thirty, forty, fifty 30，40，50
• He looks about forty. 他看上去40岁上下。
adj. 四十的；四十个的
 - twoscore

Word: fatally
Front: fatally
['feɪtəlɪ] (14383/14163)
Back: adv. 致命地; 不幸地; 宿命地; 命中注定地
分布：致命地(45%)，不幸地(33%)，宿命地(22%)
ADJ-GRADED
(行为)致命的，后果极严重的，毁灭性的
A fatal action has very undesirable effects.
例：It would clearly be fatal for Europe to quarrel seriously with America...欧洲若与美国反目显然会有致命的后果。
例：He made the fatal mistake of compromising early...他犯了过早妥协的致命错误。
ADJ
(事故或疾病)致命的，致死的
A fatal accident or illness causes someone's death.
例：...the fatal stabbing of a police sergeant...对警官致命的一刺
例：A hospital spokesman said she had suffered a fatal heart attack.医院发言人说她死于心脏病发作。
adv. 致命地；命中注定地；不可避免地
 - inevitably, mortally

Word: gong
Front: gong
[gɒŋ] (宝 18186/20015 -1)
Back: n. 锣; 钟状物; 〈俚〉奖章，纪念章
v. 发出锣声; 鸣锣阻止汽车前进
分布：锣(100%)
→来自马来语，模仿敲锣发出的声音。
US [gɑ:ŋ] noun countable
■a round piece of metal which is hung in a frame and hit with a stick to produce a sound, usually for musical purposes but sometimes as a signal （通常是作为乐器但有时作发信号用的）锣
UK informal
■an honour that is given to someone for the public service they have done, or a for a particular acting or singing performance 奖章；勋章；纪念章
n. 锣；钟状物；奖章
 - decoration, medal, bell

Word: hopefully
Front: hopefully
[ˈhəʊpfəli] (4012/3650 -2)
Back: adv. 有希望地; 有前途地; 抱有希望地
分布：但愿(80%)，怀着希望地(20%)
US ['hoʊp-] adverb
 IMPROVER
■used, often at the start of a sentence, to express what you would like to happen （常用于句首）但愿，真希望
• Hopefully it won't rain. 但愿老天不会下雨。
• Hopefully we'll be in Norwich by early evening. 但愿我们在傍晚时分能到达诺里奇。
 IMPROVER
■in a hopeful way 满怀希望地
• "Do you have a cigarette?" he asked hopefully. ｢你有香烟吗？｣他满怀希望地问道。

Word: hydro
Front: hydro
[ˈhaɪdrəʊ] (26463/23990)
Back: n. 水疗院
分布：水疗院(50%)，表示“水的”、“氢的”(25%)，水力电(25%)
→缩写自hydroelectric.

Word: intergovernmental
Front: intergovernmental
[ˌɪntəˌgʌvənˈmentl] (16612/17566)
Back: adj. 政府间的
分布：政府间的(100%)

Word: inventive
Front: inventive
[ɪnˈventɪv] (12247/13901 -1)
Vocabulary: inventive
(once / 1896 pages)
adj
To be inventive is to be creative. Inventive people are good at using their imaginations.
If you know that inventors create new things, then it makes sense that the word inventive applies to people and behavior that show creativity. Artists are inventive, especially if their work is different than other people's work. Little kids are very inventive: their imaginations have almost no limits. People who copy others aren't inventive, because they're not being original. When people are being inventive, new ideas are flowing.
WORD FAMILY
inventive: inventively, inventiveness, inventivest, uninventive+/ invent: invented, inventing, invention, inventive, inventor, invents, reinvent / invention: inventions/ inventor: inventors/ reinvent: reinvented, reinventing, reinvents/uninventive: uninventively
USAGE EXAMPLES
From the author of “The Music of Chance,” an inventive tale of one man’s life as it unfolds in four different plots.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
But with the rise of the mobile phone, the redundant kiosks are increasingly being put to inventive uses, from miniature art galleries to pint-sized pubs.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Mixing elements of steampunk with a pro-science message, this inventive French animated adventure is a sophisticated, riveting story about the power of innovation in society.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 发明的; 善于发明的; 有创造力的; 独出心裁的
分布：发明的(86%)，善于创造的(14%)
→来自invent,发明，创造。
有创造能力的(invent+ive)[ven,vent=come,表示"来"]
US [-tˌɪv] adjective approving
■very good at thinking of new and original ideas 善于创新的，有新意的
• He is very inventive, always dreaming up new gadgets for the home. 他很有发明才能，总是能凭空想像出一些新的家用小装置。

Word: philanthropic
Front: philanthropic
[ˌfɪlən'θrɒpɪk] (六宝 15267/20252)
Vocabulary: philanthropic
(once / 2455 pages)
adj
Something given to help others is philanthropic. Money, household items, giving your time and energy to a cause — all can be philanthropic contributions.
Philanthropic, pronounced "fill-an-THRAW-pick," comes from the Greek word philanthropos "loving mankind, useful to man." Philanthropic organizations work to help people, running their operations by relying on resources donated by people who are able to give. Many charities, museums, universities, cultural centers, and scientific institutions rely on philanthropic support to pay their bills.
WORD FAMILY
philanthropic: philanthropically+/ philanthropist: philanthropists/ philanthropy: philanthropic, philanthropies, philanthropist
USAGE EXAMPLES
In this piece, originally published Sept. 1, columnist Nancy Kaffer explored potential conflicts related to a substantial philanthropic donation to fund Kalamazoo city government.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Trump paid a $2,500 penalty for spending philanthropic funds on politics.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The company is establishing a nonprofit arm to manage its philanthropic programs.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 博爱的，慈善的
分布：慈善的(52%)，博爱的(48%)
【记】phil喜欢，anthrop人类，ic－博爱的phil喜欢，ant蚂蚁，hropic－连蚂蚁都喜欢－博爱的
US [-æn'θrɑ:.pɪk] formal
adjective
■helping poor people, especially by giving them money 慈善的；乐善好施的（尤指透过捐款帮助穷人）
adj. 博爱的；仁慈的
 - humane, caritative

Word: pinpoint
Front: pinpoint
[ˈpɪnpɔɪnt] (托雅宝 8150/9530 -1)
Vocabulary: pinpoint
(once / 5524 pages)
nv
To pinpoint something is to nail down its exact location.
The point of a pin is very small and fine. Similarly, when you pinpoint something, you have narrowed down its location to the smallest possibility: you've found out exactly where it is. The government is constantly trying to pinpoint the location of terrorists, just as police try to pinpoint the location of criminals. Dogs can pinpoint many things through smell. It's often hard to pinpoint which car is producing an annoying car alarm. When you pinpoint something, you've found it.
WORD FAMILY
pinpoint: pinpointed, pinpointing, pinpoints
USAGE EXAMPLES
The source of Shore’s deferential personality is easy to pinpoint.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Local authorities in England said Friday that pop star George Michael’s autopsy is “inconclusive,” and further tests are needed to pinpoint his cause of death.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Rodgers buys precious seconds and delivers a pinpoint pass.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 确定，准确地指出; 精准定位
n. 针尖，尖头; 精确位置; 极小之物
adj. 精确的，精准的; 详尽的
时态：pinpointed, pinpointing, pinpoints
分布：精确的(39%)，微小的(13%)，精确地找到(13%)，极小之物(11%)，精确位置(11%)，瞄准(8%)，使突出(5%)
→pin,针，point,点。比喻用法。
【记】pin大头针，point指出
【反】exam cursorily（粗略的检查）
US ['pɪn-] verb transitive
■to find out or say the exact position in space or time of something 准确指出，确定（位置或时间）
• It is not possible to pinpoint precisely the time of death. 准确地确定死亡时间是不可能的。
■to discover or describe the exact facts about something 查明；准确描述
• Emergency workers at the site are still unable to pinpoint the cause of the explosion. 现场的急救人员仍然无法确定爆炸的起因。
UK ['pɪn.pɔɪnt] US ['pɪn-] noun countable
■a very small spot of something 极小的点
• a pinpoint of light 光点
UK ['pɪn.pɔɪnt] US ['pɪn-] adjective [before noun]
■very exact 确切的，精确的
• The computer will calculate your position with pinpoint accuracy. 这台电脑能够精确地计算出你的位置。
vt. 查明；精确地找到；准确描述
 - assure oneself, ascertain
adj. 精确的；详尽的
 - accurate, precise, mathematical, strict, rigid
n. 针尖；精确位置；极小之物
 - needlepoint, fingerling

Word: solicit
Front: solicit
[səˈlɪsɪt] (托宝 7716/14421 -1)
Vocabulary: solicit
(once / 359 pages)
v
Solicit means to ask for. It is what those people on the street are doing, when they ask, "Do you have a moment to talk about the destruction of the planet?" They are soliciting donations for their cause.
Solicit has an official sounding impressiveness to it––doesn't soliciting donations sound better than begging for money? It can also have a more sinister cast. "When the teacher left the room, two girls solicited their friends to throw all the textbooks out the windows, injuring members of the cheer squad below — where they were soliciting signatures for a petition banning smoking in the football locker rooms."
WORD FAMILY
solicit: solicitation, solicited, soliciting, solicitor, solicits+/ solicitation: solicitations/solicited: unsolicited / solicitor: solicitors, solicitorship/solicitorship: solicitorships/ unsolicited: unsolicitedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
They are soliciting funds on their web site.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
But more ideas will be solicited once a formal process is in place.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
In subsequent years, it has mushroomed into a decentralized global movement, with nonprofits of all types soliciting donations, promoting volunteerism and encouraging acts of kindness.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 恳求; 征求; 提起; （指娼妇）拉客
时态：solicited, soliciting, solicits
分布：征求(75%)，恳求(20%)，勾引(5%)
→来自拉丁语 sollicitare,打扰，麻烦，刺激，煽动，来自 sollus,整个的，全部的，词源同 solid,-cit, 召唤，使兴奋，词源同 cite,excite.后引申词义请求，恳求，以及俚语词义招嫖，拉客等。
verb
ASK FOR 请求
transitive formal
■to ask someone for money, information or help 请求，索求，乞求
• to solicit donations for a charity 呼吁人们捐款给一个慈善机构
• It is illegal for public officials to solicit gifts or money in exchange for favours. 公务员利用职务之便索求他人财物是非法的。
[sə'lɪs.ɪt] verb
OFFER 提供
intransitive
■to offer sex for money, usually in a public place （通常指在公共场合）拉客，卖淫
vt. 征求；招揽；请求；乞求
 - apply for, pray for
vi. 征求；招揽；恳求；请求
 - demand, apply for

Word: ranger
Vocabulary: ranger
(once / 3559 pages)
1n 2n
A ranger is a person who takes care of a park or a piece of land. A park ranger makes sure the rules are followed and provides information to visitors.
Someone who takes a job as a forest ranger might patrol an area of wooded land, watching for fire danger and enforcing the rules. A ranger's tasks can vary from teaching kids about local plants and animals to fighting fires to arresting people who break laws in a state or national park. The original rangers were British employees of the king or queen who would "range" throughout the woods looking for poachers — people who illegally hunted on royal land.
WORD FAMILY
ranger: rangers
USAGE EXAMPLES
But that’s rapidly changing, park ranger John Marciano said.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Douglas shire council wants the state government to allow trained Indigenous rangers and other locals in remote areas to share that responsibility.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
As a National Trust ranger on the Cothele estate in Cornwall, my job involves everything from stonewalling and tree felling to running activities for schoolchildren.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)

Word: unlucky
Front: unlucky
[ʌnˈlʌki] (四六 13668/8531 -K1)
Back: adj. 不幸运的，倒霉的; 不吉祥的; 不顺利的; 不凑巧的
级别：unluckier, unluckiest
分布：不幸的(53%)，不吉利的(24%)，倒霉的(23%)
adjective [often + to infinitive]
 ADVANCED
■not lucky 不幸的，不走运的，倒楣的
• The couple were unlucky enough to be in the hotel when the terrorist group struck. 当恐怖集团袭击这家旅馆时，很不幸这对夫妇正住在里面。
unhappy, unfortunate, disastrous, unlucky
这组词都有“不幸的”的意思，其区别是：
unhappy: 多用于表示心理状态，指由于不满意或遇到一般性倒霉事而感到不愉快。
unfortunate: 语气较强，多指因命运不佳，意外不幸或事业失败、生活处于困境等而感到不幸。
disastrous: 着重不可避免和后果严重。
unlucky: 指因缺少或一时无机遇，虽作了努力，但事不从心，感到失意。
adj. 不幸的；倒霉的；不吉利的
 - evil, ill, unfortunate, tragic

Word: astronomical
Front: astronomical
[ˌæstrəˈnɒmɪkl] (托宝 7059/12536)
Vocabulary: astronomical
(once / 1626 pages)
1adj 2adj
If you lie down on a big field or on a rooftop and look up, the sky is so wide and high, it is astronomical in size — bigger than huge. Everything in that sky, including the stars and planets, is also astronomical because it is part of a science called astronomy.
Astra and aster are the Latin and Greek words for star, and the first four letters of astronomical, a-s-t-r, are a scramble of the word star. Astronomy includes the study of stars, but planets and other objects and happenings in space are also part of astronomical studies. Considering how large everything in space is, it makes sense that very, very large or uncountable things sometimes get the description astronomical.
WORD FAMILY
astronomy: astronomer, astronomic, astronomical, astronomies+/ astronomer: astronomers/astronomic: astronomically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Quadrantid meteor shower peaks on Tuesday morning, according to the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
France’s governing socialist immediately demanded clarification, calling the reported amount “astronomical.”
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Astronomical budgets ensure that these kinds of films must target the largest possible global audience and shy away from controversy.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 天文学的; 极大的
分布：天文学的(77%)，巨大的(23%)
US [-'nɑ:.mɪ-] adjective
LARGE 大的 (also astronomic)
■describes an amount which is extremely large 极为巨大的；天文数字的
• an astronomical rent/bill/price/fee 巨额租金／天文数字的帐单／天价／极高的收费
UK [ˌæs.trə'nɒm.ɪ.kəl] US [-'nɑ:.mɪ-] adjective
SCIENTIFIC 科学的
[before noun]
■connected with astronomy 天文学的；天文的，天体的
• the Royal Astronomical Society 皇家天文学会
• astronomical observations/instruments 天文观测／仪器
adj. [天] 天文的，天文学的；极大的
 - tremendous, infinite

Word: brandish
Front: brandish
[ˈbrændɪʃ] (托宝 13627/14173 -1)
Vocabulary: brandish
(once / 1656 pages)
vn
To brandish something is to wave it about aggressively, as one might brandish a sword or tennis racket (if it's a particularly intense game).
Brandish often implies that a person is wielding a physical weapon. In fact, brandish comes from the archaic French word brandir, meaning “sword.” However, it’s also possible to brandish objects that aren’t weapons. If you win a bowling tournament, for example, you might be inclined to brandish your shiny new trophy in front of the other competitors. Be careful, though; they might mistake your trophy for a "brandir" and respond accordingly.
WORD FAMILY
brandish: brandished, brandishes, brandishing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then the class breaks into groups: Newcomers in a small cluster, returning fighters in a larger circle, brandishing their weapons.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
As China and the United States brandish a new form of economic nationalism, they risk disrupting the system, without necessarily achieving their goals.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The sheriff’s office says the employee who called 911 told deputies the robber brandished a gun, and the two exchanged gunfire.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. 挥舞; 炫耀
n. 挥动，挥舞
时态：brandished, brandishing, brandishes
分布：挥舞(63%)，挥(37%)
【记】1）brand商标，挥舞刀剑就是军队的商标。2）读：不愿dish（盘子）。工人罢工得时候会挥舞着刀剑大喊：“我们不愿洗盘子。”
verb transitive
■to wave something in the air in a threatening or excited way 威胁（或兴奋）地挥舞
• She brandished a saucepan at me so I ran out of the kitchen. 她拿着平底锅向我挥来，于是我就跑出了厨房。
vt. 挥舞；炫耀
 - swing, show off
n. 挥舞
 - flourish

Word: casement
Front: casement
[ˈkeɪsmənt] (23869/21700)
Back: n. 窗扉
分布：窗扉(100%)
→来自case, 盒子。因这种窗户形如盒子而得名。

Word: conceivable
Front: conceivable
[kənˈsi:vəbl] (10412/9614 -1)
Vocabulary: conceivable
(once / 509 pages)
adj
If you see yellowish skies on a humid, spring evening in Kansas, it is entirely conceivable that a tornado is in the making. That is to say, it's imaginable or even possible, so make sure you take every conceivable precaution.
If you conceive of something, you imagine or think of it. So, it makes sense that the adjective conceivable describes things that can be imagined or thought of. People often use the word conceivable in extreme contexts. If you look everywhere for your homework but still can't find it, you might declare, "I searched in every conceivable location! My homework must have disappeared." In response, your teacher might remark that disappearing homework is inconceivable, or "impossible to imagine."
WORD FAMILY
conceivable: conceivability, conceivableness, conceivably, inconceivable +/ conceive: conceivable, conceived, conceiver, conceives, conceiving, conceptive, misconceive, preconceive/conceived: ill-conceived /conceiver: conceivers/ concept: conceive, conception, concepts, conceptual, conceptualize / conception: conceptional, conceptions/ conceptual: conceptualise, conceptualism, conceptuality, conceptually/conceptualise: conceptualisation/conceptualism: conceptualistic/conceptualization: conceptualizations/ conceptualize: conceptualization, conceptualized, conceptualizes, conceptualizing/inconceivability: inconceivabilities/ inconceivable: inconceivability, inconceivableness, inconceivably/misconceive: misconceived, misconceives, misconceiving, misconception / misconception: misconceptions/preconceive: preconceived, preconceives, preconception/preconception: preconceptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The only conceivable solution would be a universal basic income with no means test and not work requirements---along with a shorter work week.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
The incident is rehashed from all conceivable angles; so is a fraught dinner with friends, which gets seven full pages parsing their marital collapse.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
“No future is conceivable in Plot E,” he says, “only endless, gray repetition, unhappy flashbacks collapsing into more unhappy flashbacks.”
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 可想到的，可相信的，可想像的，可能的
分布：可能的(71%)，想得到的(19%)，可想像的(10%)
可想象的[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
想象得出的(conceive设想,想象)[-able表形容词"可…的,能..."]
adjective
■possible to imagine or to believe 可想像的；可想到的；可以相信的
• Books on every conceivable subject lined one wall. 靠墙一排排地摆放着所有能想得到的各门学科的书。
• It's just conceivable (= possible although difficult to imagine) (that) the hospital made a mistake. 有可能是医院出了错。
adj. 可能的；想得到的，可想像的
 - feasible, possible, potential, desired

Word: depreciate
Front: depreciate
[dɪˈpri:ʃieɪt] (托宝 23823/22863 -1)
Vocabulary: depreciate
(once / 1341 pages)
v
Something depreciates when it loses value. If you bought shares of a company for $10 each a year ago and now they’re worth $1 each, guess what: they have depreciated.
One of the most frustrating things about buying a car is the way it loses value. As soon as you drive it off the lot, your new car has already depreciated by several thousand dollars. Though usually used like this as a financial term, depreciate can also be used as the similar-sounding but unrelated word deprecate meaning "to belittle, lower in esteem." Your teachers should not depreciate you just because you don't always know the answers to their questions!
WORD FAMILY
depreciate: depreciated, depreciates, depreciating, depreciation, depreciative, depreciator, depreciatory+/depreciating: depreciatingly/ depreciation: depreciations, self-depreciation/depreciative: depreciatively/depreciator: depreciators/depreciatory: depreciatorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The cost of capital investments would be deducted immediately rather than depreciated over years, but interest costs would no longer be deductible.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Many governments in this predicament would depreciate their currencies quickly to gain a trade advantage.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 07, 2016)
Developers erect houses and sell them typically within a couple of years, long before their investments have a chance to depreciate.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: vi. 贬值，跌价; 轻视
vt. <正>贬低，轻视; 使贬值
时态：depreciated, depreciating, depreciates
分布：贬值(74%)，轻视(14%)，降价(12%)
→de-, 向下。-prec, 价格，价值，词源同price. 即贬值。
降价,贬值(de去掉+prec+iate→去掉价值→贬值)[prais,preci=value表示"价值"]
【记】de下，preci＝price价值－编制
【参】appreciate（vt 赏识；感激；vi 增值；涨价）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause something to) lose value, especially over time （尤指随时间）（使）贬值，（使）跌价
• Our car depreciated (by) £1500 in the first year we owned it. 我们买的车在第一年就贬值了1500英镑。
• Since they set up a builder's yard next door, our house has depreciated in value. 自从我家隔壁变成建筑工地以来，我们的房子就开始贬值了。
Compare appreciate
vt. 使贬值；贬低；轻视
 - lower, slight
vi. 贬值；轻视；贬低
 - to devaluate, to become devaluated

Word: disapproval
Front: disapproval
[ˌdɪsəˈpru:vl] (六托 10369/8652 -K1)
Vocabulary: disapproval
(once / 1476 pages)
n
Disapproval is what you express when you share your dislike or opposition. If you fail a class, you might worry both about your grade point average and also your parents' disapproval.
When you sense disapproval in your teacher's voice after you show her a draft of your research paper, you might want to start over. You might feel disapproval yourself when you see your friend spend money instead of saving it, or watch your dad feel the dog from his plate at the dinner table. Disapproval uses the "opposite of" prefix dis- with approval, from its Latin root approbare, "to regard as good."
WORD FAMILY
disapproval: disapprovals+/approbative: approbatively/ approval: approvals/ approve: approbative, approbatory, approval, approved, approver, approves, approving, disapprove /approver: approvers/approving: approvingly/ disapprove: disapproval, disapproved, disapproves, disapproving / disapproving: disapprovingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in December, the conservative House Freedom Caucus began compiling a list of more than 200 regulations it views as vulnerable to a disapproval vote.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Those experts don’t foresee change, either, as moral disapproval, political battles and an economic recession combine to stall national action.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Don’t get me wrong—I understand their need to express their disapproval of this place.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 不赞同，反对; 非难
分布：不赞成(100%)
【记】dis不，approval（n 赞成）－不赞成
noun uncountable
■when you feel that something or someone is bad or wrong 反对，不赞成
• Although they said nothing, she could sense their disapproval of her suggestion. 虽然他们甚么也没说，但她能感觉到他们并不赞成她的建议。
• There was a note of disapproval in the teacher's voice. 老师的语气里透着反对的意思。
n. 不赞成；不喜欢
 - disfavour

Word: conception
Front: conception
[kənˈsepʃn] (六托雅宝 4636/3245 -2)
Vocabulary: conception
(once / 179 pages)
1n 2n
Conception means any idea or concept, or a sum of ideas and concepts. Your conception for designing the little girl's room with a princess theme was a hit. Her evil stepsisters are jealous.
The noun conception can also mean a beginning — of anything in general, or of a pregnancy, specifically. August 15 marked the anniversary of the conception of your design business. Your parents told me their youngest child has been a holy terror since conception. So, do you get along with your older siblings?
WORD FAMILY
conception: conceptional, conceptions+/ conceivable: conceivability, conceivableness, conceivably, inconceivable / conceive: conceivable, conceived, conceiver, conceives, conceiving, conceptive, misconceive, preconceive/conceived: ill-conceived /conceiver: conceivers/ concept: conceive, conception, concepts, conceptual, conceptualize / conceptual: conceptualise, conceptualism, conceptuality, conceptually/conceptualise: conceptualisation/conceptualism: conceptualistic/conceptualization: conceptualizations/ conceptualize: conceptualization, conceptualized, conceptualizes, conceptualizing/inconceivability: inconceivabilities/ inconceivable: inconceivability, inconceivableness, inconceivably/misconceive: misconceived, misconceives, misconceiving, misconception / misconception: misconceptions/preconceive: preconceived, preconceives, preconception/preconception: preconceptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The more we learn about the miracle of conception, the more it seems just that: miraculous.
Time(Nov 30, 2016)
The University of Aberdeen team found conceptions within six months were less likely to result in another miscarriage or preterm birth.
BBC(Nov 29, 2016)
The shelter, the world’s largest land-based moving structure, is a feat of engineering decades in conception and years in the making.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 受精，怀孕; 胚胎; 概念; 设想，构想
分布：概念(57%)，观念(20%)，构想(14%)，怀孕(9%)
概念,观念[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
noun
IDEA 想法
countable or uncountable
■an idea of what something or someone is like, or a basic understanding of a situation or a principle 观念；概念；见解；构想
• People from different cultures have different conceptions of the world. 不同文化背景的人对世界持有不同的看法。
• She has a conception of people as being basically good. 她认为人性本善。
• I thought the book's writing was dreadful, and its conception (= the ideas on which it was based) even worse. 我认为这本书写得很差，其构思更是糟糕。
• He has absolutely no conception of how a successful business should run. 他根本就不知道成功的企业应当如何经营。
[kən'sep.ʃən] noun
BABY 婴儿
uncountable
■the process of a sperm and an egg joining and causing a baby to start to form 受孕，怀孕
• at/from the moment of conception 在／从受孕的那一刻
conception, concept, idea, notion, impression, thought
这组词都有“思想、观点、观念”的意思，其区别是：
conception: 通常指个人或一些人所持有的具体概念或念头，也可指概念的形成过程，含一定的想象和感情色彩意味。
concept: 指从众多实例中通过概括、归纳而形成的对事物本质、全貌及其内部联系的概念或看法。
idea: 最普通常用词，几乎适用于任何方面的思维活动。
notion: 指的是一种模糊的，变化的莫测的想法，无可靠的基础，未经深思熟虑的观点。
impression: 指外部刺激在思想中所产生的印象。
thought: 指以推理、思考等智力活动为基础的心理思维活动及其结果。
n. [妇产] 怀孕；概念；设想；开始
 - idea, threshold, pregnancy, beginning, opening

Word: heft
Front: heft
[heft] (16811/36581)
Vocabulary: heft
(once / 2282 pages)
nv
Heft is the bulk or weight of a person or thing. You might shift the heft of that huge bag of dog food you just bought over to your left arm while you use your right hand to open the door.
The heft of your big suitcase might make you question the wisdom of packing so many books. You can use heft as a verb, too — you could move the books into your backpack and then heft it back onto your shoulder. Heft comes from the verb heave, "lift with effort," modeled on verb/noun combinations like "thieve" and "theft" or "weave" and "weft."
WORD FAMILY
heft: hefted, hefting, hefts, hefty +/ hefty: heftier, heftiest, heftily, heftiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Benedict Cumberbatch’s capable hands, the magical man of mystery transcends his comic-book roots and becomes a character with plenty of genuine dramatic heft.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
And it wasn’t treated with sufficient heft by the media, especially cable television.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
The Nobel Prize, for all its momentous heft will never outweigh Dylan’s true accomplishment.
Time(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 重量，体积
vt. 举…以掂重量; 举起
时态：hefted, hefting, hefts
分布：分量(37%)，重量(22%)，重要性(21%)，举起(10%)，举起试重量(10%)
→来自heave的古过去分词，后词性由形容词变为做名词。
verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to lift, hold or carry something heavy using your hands 举起；抬起；抱起
• I watched him heft the heavy sack onto his shoulder. 我看着他把那个沉重的袋子扛到肩上。
n. 重量；重要性
 - weight, significance, stress, consequence, ponderance
vt. 举起；举起试重量
 - lift up, hold up

Word: geographic
Front: geographic
[ˌdʒi:ə'ɡræfɪk] (托雅 5436/11950)
Vocabulary: geographic
(once / 1100 pages)
adj
Geographic matters have to do with the science of geography, which studies the physical features of the earth. Your geographic location is your region, or your neighborhood — it’s where you are on a map.
Anything related to geography can be called geographic. A geographic study might examine the composition of some soil. A geographic class teaches students about physical processes like erosion. A volcanic eruption is a major geographic event. A geographic divide refers to different things happening in different places –- like a geographic divide in the U.S. that notes that people say “y’all” down South and “you guys” up North.
WORD FAMILY
geographic: geographically
USAGE EXAMPLES
As the data becomes more precise, experts believe interventions to combat geographic disparities will become more effective.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
In 67 geographic areas, including Indianapolis, Medicare now sets a target price for joint-replacement procedures.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Birds: The magazine Canadian Geographic recently nominated the gray jay as the national bird.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 地理学的，地理的
分布：地理学的(52%)，地理的(48%)

Word: haste
Front: haste
[heɪst] (研四六托雅 13347/9482 -1)
Vocabulary: haste
(once / 79 pages)
n
When something is done in haste, it's done fast, and often with carelessness. In his haste to finish the paper, he didn't notice he had replaced "taste" with "waste" during spell-checking, so his title became "Foods of Our Home State: What a Waste!"
The old saying goes "haste makes waste," and when you try to do things too quickly, sometimes you do them wrong or have to do them all over again. You can use the noun haste for things done with extraordinary speed and often in a situation where there's pressure to perform or complete a task. "In her haste to catch the train she ran six blocks, but when she boarded, she noticed she was wearing one blue tennis shoe and one red one."
WORD FAMILY
haste: hastes, hasty +/ hasty: hastier, hastiest, hastily, hastiness, hastyly, overhasty/overhasty: overhastily
USAGE EXAMPLES
But he added that Russia would not act "in haste" and alluded to the upcoming change at the helm of the US.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
“Haste is universal because everyone is in flight from himself.”
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
So far, Indians are depositing their money in the banking system with impressive haste.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 匆忙，急忙; 急速，紧迫; 轻率
v. 赶紧，匆忙; <古>使快，催促
分布：匆忙(55%)，急忙(22%)，急速(13%)，赶快(10%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*haifstiz,冲突，争执，斗争，来自keibh,狂暴的，迅速的，可能来自skei,砍，劈，词源同scissor,shear.引申词义催促。
n.匆忙,急速;草率v.赶快;匆忙I tasted the paste in haste and cast it on the waste plaster.我匆忙品尝了浆糊然后将其丢在废泥灰上.
noun uncountable disapproving
■(too much) speed 匆忙，仓促
• Unfortunately the report was prepared in haste and contained several inaccuracies. 遗憾的是，这份报告准备得有些仓促，里面有几处不准确的地方。
• [+ to infinitive] In her haste to get up from the table, she knocked over a cup. 她匆忙从桌边站起来，结果碰翻了一个茶杯。
• His father had just died and he didn't want to marry with indecent haste. 父亲刚刚去世，他不想太过匆忙地结婚——那样做有悖情理。
[heɪst] noun uncountable disapproving
make haste old use
■hurry up 赶快，抓紧
• Make haste! 快一点！
[heɪst] noun uncountable disapproving
More haste less speed. UK saying
■said to mean that if you try to do things too quickly, it will take you longer in the end 欲速则不达。
haste, hurry, speed, dispatch
这组词都有“迅速，急速”的意思，其区别是：
haste: 中性词，用作褒义指动作迅速，事情做得又快又好；作贬义用时，指做事急躁，行为鲁莽，得不到预期的结果。
hurry: 指急速从事某项活动或匆忙对付一件事情，含明显慌乱的意味。
speed: 多用于褒义，指行动敏捷快速，效果好。
dispatch: 指迅速、敏捷地结事某事，强调敏捷和及时。
n. 匆忙；急忙；轻率
 - hurry, hasty indeed
vi. 匆忙；赶紧
 - hurry, rush
vt. 赶快
 - hurry up, get a move on, shake it up, snap it up

Word: disburse
Front: disburse
[dɪsˈbɜ:s] (托宝 22802/25750)
Vocabulary: disburse
(once / 3393 pages)
v
If someone wants to disburse funds to you, stick around — it means they're going to give you money!
Disburse is a fancy, financial word that is just an official way of saying to pay or give out money. Parents don't disburse allowance money, they give it, and if your friend owes you five bucks, he'll pay you what he owes. On the other hand, lawyers disburse funds from a will. The government disburses money for grants and federal projects. And if you get a mortgage, the bank disburses a check to the seller of the house you bought.
WORD FAMILY
disburse: disbursal, disbursed, disbursement, disburser, disburses, disbursing+/disbursal: disbursals/ disbursement: disbursements/disburser: disbursers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The money will be disbursed from January to July 2017, in what officials called a temporary fix.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
So far, Europe has disbursed €677 million of the promised funds, badly needed at a time of economic hardship in Turkey.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
So far Europe has disbursed €677 million of the promised funds, badly needed at a time of economic hardship in Turkey.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 支出，付出
时态：disbursed, disbursing, disburses
分布：支付(50%)，支出(30%)，分配(20%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。-burse, 钱包，词源同pure, bursary. 即把钱从钱包拿出来，支付。
支付,支出(dis+burse钱包→从钱包中分出→支出)[dis-①表示"不,消失掉"②表示"分开,分离"]
【记】dis消除，burse＝purse（n 钱包）－消除钱包里的钱－支付
【参】disbursement（n 支出；支付）＝expenditure
US [-'bɝ:s] formal
verb transitive
■to pay out money, usually from an amount that has been collected for a particular purpose 拨（款）；拿出（一部分资金）
• The local authorities annually disburse between £50m and £100m on arts projects. 当地政府每年都为艺术项目拨款5000万到一亿英镑。
vt. 支付；支出
 - foot, defray

Word: onset
Front: onset
[ˈɒnset] (托雅宝 7094/6461 -1)
Vocabulary: onset
(once / 1840 pages)
1n 2n
When something is at its onset, it's at the beginning, just getting started, and it's often something that's not so pleasant. The onset of hurricane season is probably not the best time to visit the beach.
If you catch an infection right at the onset and treat it immediately, the infection may not last so long. You can also have an early onset of something, and that usually means something you'd rather not have at all, as with early-onset Alzheimer's, a disease that usually appears after age 65. If you begin showing signs of the disease at a younger age than usual, you're said to have early-onset Alzheimer's.
WORD FAMILY
onset: onsets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her coaching and her life were cut short by early onset dementia.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Camp morale is high, he added, despite the onset of winter.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
I started to experience the onset of the medication, and things really got interesting.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 攻击，袭击; 开始，动手; [医]发病
分布：开始(81%)，攻击(11%)，进攻(8%)
→on,在上，向上，set,开始。
US ['ɑ:n-] noun
the onset of sth
■the moment at which something unpleasant begins （指不愉快的事情）的开始，发作
• the onset of cancer 癌症的发作
• The new treatment can delay the onset of the disease by several years. 新的治疗方法可以把发病时间延后几年。
n. 开始，着手；发作；攻击，进攻
 - beginning, threshold, opening, conception, fresh

Word: kindle
Front: kindle
[ˈkɪndl] (六托雅宝 16468/19245)
Vocabulary: kindle
(once / 327 pages)
v
When you start a fire burning, you can say you kindle the fire. Knowing how to kindle a campfire is an important survival skill. It can help keep you warm at night, and keep you from eating cold beans for dinner.
The verb kindle not only means to start a fire, but also to catch fire. Another meaning for kindle is to arouse interest or passion. A dynamic music teacher could kindle the students' interest in learning an instrument. Or, romance can also be kindled: "As they danced together, a spark of romance kindled between them."
WORD FAMILY
kindle: enkindle, kindled, kindles, kindling, rekindle +/enkindle: enkindled, enkindles, enkindling/kindled: unkindled/ kindling: kindlings/ rekindle: rekindled, rekindles, rekindling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Donnell Booker Jr. tore through the wrapping paper on Christmas morning, revealing a seven-inch Kindle Fire and a smile nearly as wide.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Bill, he enrolled in the University of Oregon, where his courses on architectural drawing and design kindled an interest in painting.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
About a half dozen young patients joined along Tuesday; all of them received Amazon Kindles.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 点燃，照耀; 煽动，鼓舞; 着火; 发亮
n. 电子书阅读器
时态：kindled, kindling, kindles
分布：激起(43%)，燃烧(33%)，发亮(16%)，使 ... 着火(8%)
→来自中古英语cundel,来自古诺斯语kynda,来自Proto-Germanic*kundijana,点燃，可能来自kand,燃烧，照耀，词源同candle,candid.-le,表反复。
【记】源于candle（n 蜡烛）
【参】rekindle（v 重新点燃）
【反】extinguish（v 熄灭；使黯然失色）；
verb
FIRE 燃点
transitive
■to cause a fire to start burning by lighting paper, wood etc. 燃点
['kɪn.dl] verb
FEELING 感觉
transitive often passive literary
■to cause strong feelings or ideas in someone 激起（热情等）；使产生想法
• Her imagination was kindled by the exciting stories her grandmother told her. 她祖母给她讲述的精彩故事激发了她的想像力。
ignite, light, fire, kindle
这组词都有“点燃、着火”的意思，其区别是：
ignite: 多用于科技文体，指使某物受热直到燃烧或发光，也可指用火花使易燃物迅速燃烧起来。
light: 普通用词，指点燃易燃物，使其能发光，满足各种需要。
fire: 普通用词，指将某物点燃使其燃烧起来，火势可大可小。
kindle: 指艰难或缓慢地把可燃料点燃，可用于比喻。
vt. 点燃；激起；照亮
 - lamp, emblaze
vi. 发亮；着火；激动起来
 - lamp, brighten up

Word: onion
Front: onion
[ˈʌnjən] (高研四六 2567/5108 -K2)
Vocabulary: onion
(once / 550 pages)
n
An onion is a plant that grows as a bulb underground and can be harvested and eaten. Note: onions may be tasty, but they sure can make your breath stink.
Onions are bulbs, like tulips or daffodils — most of the plant is hidden in the soil, with roots stretching down and stalks that grow upward and eventually bloom with small flowers. Onions are typically harvested in the fall, and they come in many shapes, sizes, and colors, all of which can be eaten. The Latin root of onion, unionem, was used in colloquial Roman to mean both "a type of onion" and "a pearl."
WORD FAMILY
onion: onions
USAGE EXAMPLES
But he added that “we’re starting to peel back some of the layers of the onion here.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Sweat the onion, minced garlic, red pepper flakes and paprika for 3 minutes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Drain the pieces and place on a platter, garnishing with the green onion.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 洋葱（头）
分布：洋葱(100%)
→来自one,一，-ion,名词后缀。比喻用法，因洋葱包在一起而得名。
n.洋葱In my opinion, only the onion can grow in the iron environment.据我看,只有洋葱能在铁质环境中生长.
noun countable or uncountable
 IMPROVER
■a vegetable with a strong smell and flavour, made up of several layers surrounding each other tightly in a round shape, usually brown or red on the outside and white inside 洋葱（头）
• I always cry when I'm chopping onions. 我切洋葱的时候，总是被呛得流眼泪。
• Fry the onion and garlic for about two minutes. 把洋葱和大蒜炒大约两分钟。

Word: sore
Front: sore
[sɔ:(r)] (研四六雅 6349/6510 -K2)
Vocabulary: sore
(once / 188 pages)
adjn
A sore is a broken patch of skin — something you might put a bandage on — or it's something that gives you pain, like a sore throat, that’s red and scratchy and painful.
You can have a sore and you can also be sore: if you've just ridden your bike over the Alps, you're probably pretty sore — achy and hurting all over. Maybe you've heard phrases like "Don't be sore at me, boss," from old gangster movies, meaning "don't be angry." A sore point or a sore subject is something you don't want to discuss, like the sensitive topic of your last history quiz, the one you slept through.
WORD FAMILY
sore: sorely, soreness, sorer, sores, sorest+/soreness: sorenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Anthony, who led the Knicks against Orlando with 19 points, missed the second half of Saturday’s game because of a sore left knee.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
No, the sore back that prompted his competitive sabbatical wasn’t acting up.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
He’s dealt with a sore right calf but showed no ill effects while smoothly eluding Detroit’s pass rush all night.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 疼痛的; 使人伤心的; 恼火的，发怒的
n. （肌肤的）痛处，伤处
adv. 〈古，诗〉同sorely
级别：sorer, sorest
分布：痛处(36%)，疼痛的(32%)，恼火的(13%)，伤口(8%)，痛心的(6%)，严重的(5%)
→来自古英语 sar,疼痛的，痛苦的，受伤的，来自 Proto-Germanic*saira,忍受的，痛苦的，来自 sai,忍受，受折磨，词源同 sorry.引申诸相关词义。
a.疼痛的;痛心的n.痛处,疮口The sore is orally ignored by the ignorant immoral man.疮痛被无知的不道德者口头忽视了.
US [sɔ:r] adjective
PAINFUL 疼痛的
 ADVANCED
■painful and uncomfortable because of injury, infection or too much use 痛的，疼痛的
• All the dust has made my eyes sore. 灰尘使我的眼睛酸痛。
• I've got a sore throat. 我喉咙痛。
• My feet were sore with all the walking. 走了这么多的路，我的脚很痛。
UK [sɔ:r] US [sɔ:r] adjective
ANGRY 生气的 US informal
■angry because you feel you have been unfairly treated 恼火的；愤慨的
• He accused me of being a sore loser (= someone who does not accept defeat well). 他说我是个输不起的人。
UK [sɔ:r] US [sɔ:r] adjective
stand / stick out like a sore thumb informal
■If someone or something stands/sticks out like a sore thumb, everyone notices them because they are very different from the people or things around them 与周围格格不入，显得刺眼
• Everyone else was in jeans and casual gear and I had my office clothes on - I stuck out like a sore thumb. 别人都穿着牛仔裤和休闲服，而我穿着制服——我显得太扎眼了。
UK [sɔ:r] US [sɔ:r] noun countable
■a painful area on the surface of a body, especially an infected area 痛处；（尤指）溃疡，疮
• The poor dog's back was covered with sores. 那只可怜的狗背上长满了疮。
⇒ See also cold sore
sore, ache, pain
这组词都有“疼、疼痛”的意思，其区别是：
sore: 指身体某部位的痛处，有是也指精神上的痛苦。
ache: 指人体某一器官较持久的疼痛，常常是隐痛。
pain: 可与ache换用，但pain既可指一般疼痛，也可指剧痛，疼痛范围可以是局部或全身，时间可长可短。也可引申指精神上的痛苦。
adj. 疼痛的，痛心的；剧烈的，极度的；恼火的，发怒的；厉害的，迫切的
 - excessive, severe, painful, extreme, smart
n. 溃疡，痛处；恨事，伤心事
 - ulcer, sorrow

Word: repository
Front: repository
[rɪˈpɒzətri] (宝 11102/10284 -1)
Vocabulary: repository
(once / 3583 pages)
1n 2n
Think of a repository as a storehouse, a place where things are kept until needed. A silo is a repository for animal feed, and a trivia buff's mind is a repository for useless information.
The noun repository has a somewhat formal ring to it — why not just call a storehouse a storehouse, right? Think of a repository as somewhat more important and imposing than just a place to dump stuff. It has more of an air of authority, like the things stored there could change the world. Consider nuclear waste — would you rather store it in a dump or a repository? I don’t know about you, but I'd prefer the latter—sounds safer.
WORD FAMILY
repository: repositories
USAGE EXAMPLES
The museum will not, as many assume, be a repository for “Star Wars” memorabilia.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“A right-wing demagogue in charge of the world’s most influential repository of democratic values,” wrote Financial Times columnist Martin Wolf, “is a devastating fact.”
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
It is the awareness that their bodies are repositories for other people’s narratives and stereotypes that burdens all the women I spoke to.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 仓库; 贮藏室; 博物馆; 亲信
分布：仓库(72%)，贮藏室(13%)，容器(12%)，智囊(3%)
→re-,向后，往回，-posit,放置，词源同 position,composite.引申词义仓库。
仓库(re重新+posit+ory→重新放东西之地→仓库)[pos,posit=put表示"放"]
【记】re反复，pos放，itory－反复放东西的地方－仓库
US [-'pɑ:.zɪ.tɔ:r-] noun
countable formal
■a place where things are stored and can be found 仓库；贮藏室；存放处
countable usually singular
■a person who has, or a book that contains, a lot of information or detailed knowledge 智囊；知识渊博的人；知识宝典
• She's a repository of knowledge about our family history. 她对我们的家族史了若指掌。
n. 贮藏室，仓库；知识库；智囊团
 - warehouse, stockroom

Word: weep
Front: weep
[wi:p] (高研四六托 5709/5087 -2)
Vocabulary: weep
(once / 111 pages)
v
When you weep, you cry. If you're very empathetic, you might start to weep whenever you see other people weep.
To shed tears from sadness is to weep. Some people weep rarely, only when they've suffered a true loss or tragedy. Other sensitive souls weep at songs, movies, books, and even sweet stories or pictures. Weep comes from the Old English word wepan, "shed tears or mourn over," which has a Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to cry or scream."
WORD FAMILY
weep: weeped, weeper, weeping, weeps, wept+/weeper: weepers/weeping: weepingly, weepings
USAGE EXAMPLES
During one meeting with the team’s trainers, he wept and begged for help.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Clark tried to look defiant, but her lip twitched, and she began to quietly weep.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
When it ends, it will be the only game after which players from both teams will weep.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （通常因悲伤）哭泣; 流泪; 悲哀; 哀悼
vi. （伤口）流血，渗出水汽
n. 一段哭泣，一阵哭泣
时态：wept, weeping, weeps
分布：哭泣(63%)，流泪(24%)，悲叹(9%)，渗出(4%)
→来自wab,哭泣，尖叫。
v.哭泣,流泪;滴下n.哭泣After a deep sleep, the weeping sweeper keeps on peeping the sheep on the steep.酣睡之后,哭泣的清扫者继续窥视峭壁上的羊.
[wi:p] (wept, wept)
verb
CRY 哭泣
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive literary
■to cry tears 哭泣，流（泪）
• People in the street wept with joy when peace was announced. 当宣布和平来临时，街上的人们喜极而泣。
• She wept buckets (= cried a lot) when Paul left. 保罗离开时，她大哭了一场。
[wi:p] (wept, wept)
verb
INJURY 伤害
   intransitive
■(of an injury) to produce liquid such as pus （伤口）流出液体，渗出脓液
• The sore is still weeping a lot so you'll have to change the dressing once a day. 感染处依然流出很多脓，所以你必须每天换一次药。
weep, cry, sob
weep: 哭泣，书面语，常指小声或无声地哭泣，有时可与cry通用。如：She wept at the sad news.(听到这不幸的消息，她哭了。)
cry: 哭，普通用语，常指出声地哭。如：The little girl cried herself to sleep.(小女孩哭着睡着了。)
sob: 抽泣，呜咽：She sobbed herself to sleep.(她啜泣着入睡了。)
vi. 哭泣；流泪；哀悼；滴落；渗出液体
 - water, shed tears
vt. 哭泣；流泪；悲叹；流出或渗出液体
 - shed tears, pipe one's eye
n. 哭泣；眼泪；滴下
 - tears, eyedrop

Word: unchecked
Front: unchecked
[ˌʌnˈtʃekt] (13949/14050 -1)
Back: adj. 未经检查的; 未受抑制的
分布：未加抑制的(85%)，未经检验的(15%)
adjective
■describes something harmful that is continuing or increasing without or despite any limits or attempts to prevent it （有害物）未受约束的，不受限制的，放任的
• If present trends go/continue unchecked there will be a major epidemic of heart disease in the next five years. 如果目前的趋势得不到遏制，在未来五年中将出现心脏病的大流行。
• The war raged on, unchecked by the UN's efforts to stop it. 战火仍在蔓延，联合国的调停努力未能奏效。
adj. 未经核对的；未加抑制的
 - unverified, unexamined

Word: ceremonial
Front: ceremonial
[ˌserɪˈməʊniəl] (托 9026/11228 -1)
Vocabulary: ceremonial
(once / 984 pages)
adjn
When an occasion is extremely formal and full of rituals, you can call it ceremonial. Your cousin's fancy wedding and your friend's bar mitzvah are both ceremonial events.
The ritual of a new queen being crowned is ceremonial, with its pomp and formality. The way your family celebrates Thanksgiving might feel ceremonial to you as well, if everyone takes it very seriously and sticks to firm rules about what food to eat and who carves the turkey. Ceremonial originally described a purely religious ritual, from the Latin caerimonia, "holiness or sacredness."
WORD FAMILY
ceremonial: ceremonially, ceremonials, unceremonial+/ ceremonious: ceremoniously, ceremoniousness, unceremonious/ ceremony: ceremonial, ceremonies, ceremonious /unceremonial: unceremonially/unceremonious: unceremoniously, unceremoniousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Monday is largely a ceremonial day, starting with the inauguration of statewide elected officials.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Cambodia's kings once enjoyed a semi-divine status, but the role is mostly ceremonial nowadays.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
At best, he added, “we’re now little more than a ceremonial presence on the sidelines of life”.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 仪式的; 正式的; 讲究仪式的
n. 仪式，礼节
分布：仪式(78%)，仪式的(22%)
→来自ceremony, 仪式。
ADJ
仪式的;礼节的
Something that is ceremonial relates to a ceremony or is used in a ceremony.
例：He represented the nation on ceremonial occasions...他在正式场合代表国家。
例：Feathers of various kinds are used by Native Americans for ceremonial purposes.美洲印第安人在举行仪式时用到各种羽毛。
ADJ
(职位、功能或事件)礼仪性的，象征性的
A position, function, or event that is ceremonial is considered to be representative of an institution, but has very little authority or influence.
例：Up to now the post of president has been largely ceremonial.到目前为止，总统一职在很大程度上只是礼仪性的。
N-VAR
仪式;典礼;礼节
Ceremonial consists of all the impressive things that are done, said, and worn on very formal occasions.
例：...papal ceremonial.教皇加冕仪式
例：...the ceremonials leading up to the young Emperor's wedding.年轻皇帝大婚前的典礼
N-COUNT
同 ceremony
A ceremonial is a ceremony.
例：...a religious ceremonial.宗教仪式
adj. 仪式的；正式的，礼仪的
 - formal, official, state
n. 仪式，礼节
 - service, etiquette

Word: boo
Front: boo
[bu:] (宝 12713/19732 -1)
Back: n. 嘘声，喝倒采
vt. & vi. 发出嘘声
int. （表示不满、轻蔑等）嘘，呸
时态：booed, booing, boos
分布：发出嘘声(64%)，呸(18%)，嘘声（pl(18%)
【反】snare（v 诱捕）
verb intransitive or transitive (booing, booed, booed)
■to make an expression of strong disapproval or disagreement 嘘（某人）；（向…）喝倒彩
• People at the back started booing loudly. 后面的人开始大声喝倒彩。
• Her singing was so bad that she was booed off the stage. 她唱得太糟了，被轰下了台。
[bu:] noun countable (boos)
■when someone boos 喝倒彩
[bu:] exclamation
■an expression, usually shouted, used to surprise and frighten someone who does not know you are near them 哇，呔（吓唬别人时发出的声音）
• She jumped out of the cupboard and shouted 'Boo!'. 她从衣橱中跳出来大喊了一声“哇！”
vi. 发出嘘声
 - hiss
int. （表示不满、轻蔑等）嘘
 - sh, hist
n. 嘘声
 - shush, catcall

Word: capsule
Front: capsule
[ˈkæpsju:l] (高研六雅宝 7480/10031 -1)
Vocabulary: capsule
(once / 1588 pages)
1nv 2nv
A capsule is a very small container that closes tightly. Many medicines come in capsules that can be easily swallowed.
Certain brands of laundry or dishwasher soap can be bought in capsule form, and you might hide a secret note or special mementos in a time capsule. A biologist probably thinks of a capsule as an anatomical structure that encloses an organ. This, in fact, is the word's earliest meaning — in French, it's a "membranous sac," from the Latin capsula, "small box or chest."
WORD FAMILY
capsule: capsular, capsulate, capsuled, capsules, capsuling, capsulise, capsulize+/capsulate: capsulated, encapsulate /capsulize: capsulized, capsulizes/ encapsulate: encapsulated, encapsulates, encapsulating, encapsulation/encapsulation: encapsulations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The SLS booster and Orion capsule are being built by what are called “legacy” space companies such as Boeing and Lockheed Martin.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Pope said she was 7 when she attended the theater dedication and capsule burial.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Fowler hopes the book will dispel a more mainstream misapprehension: that this is a doomsday vault, a time capsule to unlock after a nuclear Armageddon.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 胶囊; 航天舱; （植物的）荚; 小容器
adj. 压缩的; 概要的
vt. 压缩; 简述; 以瓶盖密封
时态：capsuled, capsuling, capsules
分布：胶囊(77%)，太空舱(12%)，荚膜(5%)，概要(2%)，微型的(1%)，精简的(1%)，概括(1%)，装入胶囊(1%)
→来自拉丁词capsa, 箱子，词源同case, capsicum.
n.胶囊;太空舱By the ruler's schedule, the molecule capsules will play an important role in the roller.根据统治者的时间表,这种分子胶囊将在滚筒上起重要作用.
【记】cap头，sule拼：酥了。吃完胶囊头就不痛了，因为没有感觉。
US [-səl] noun countable
MEDICINE 药物
■a small container with medicine inside which you swallow 胶囊
UK ['kæp.sju:l] US [-səl] noun countable
SPACECRAFT 航天器；太空船
■the part of a spacecraft in which the people on it live 密封舱，太空舱
n. [药] 胶囊； [植] 蒴果；太空舱；小容器
 - micella
adj. 压缩的；概要的
 - compressive, constringent
vt. 压缩；简述
 - to compress, telescope

Word: barbecue
Front: barbecue
[ˈbɑ:bɪkju:] (高研托雅宝 6778/10040 -1)
Vocabulary: barbecue
(once / 4207 pages)
nv
A barbecue is an outdoor party where food is cooked on a grill or over a fire. Your family might host a barbecue every summer to celebrate the end of the school year.
If you're invited to a barbecue, you'll probably be served meat that's been slowly cooked or smoked over a fire, served with sweet and spicy barbecue sauce. Sometimes this kind of food itself is called barbecue, and the oven or grill that's used is also a barbecue. This word dates from the 17th century, from the Spanish barbacoa, which probably stems from the Arawakan barbakoa, "framework of sticks" used to cure meat.
WORD FAMILY
barbecue: barbecued, barbecues, barbecuing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Think again: Lang’s brisket recently earned a salute from the Houston Chronicle’s barbecue columnist.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
SYDNEY, Australia — Christmas and New Year in Australia typically involve barbecues, beaches and beer.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Sonderman will, no doubt, find the right mix of woods for his barbecue.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 烤架; 户外烧烤
v. 烧烤
时态：barbecued, barbecuing, barbecues
分布：烧烤(63%)，烤肉(32%)，烤架(4%)，烤炙(1%)
→来自加勒比海海地土著语, barbakoa, 烤肉架。其同源变体词buccaneer, 海盗。
n.烤肉;烤肉用的台架vt.炙烤(肉等)
【记】barb倒钩－用倒钩挂上肉－烤肉（我们所说的BBQ就是烤肉）
US ['bɑ:r-/ (UK Australian informal barbie) (written abbreviation BBQ)
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a metal frame on which meat, fish or vegetables are cooked outside over a fire 烤肉架；烤肉
■a meal prepared using such a frame which is eaten outside, often during a party 烤肉架；烤肉
n. 烤肉；吃烤肉的野宴
 - bulgogi, bar-b-q

Word: complementary
Front: complementary
[ˌkɒmplɪˈmentri] (托宝 8490/6673 -1)
Vocabulary: complementary
(once / 5599 pages)
1adjn 2adj
If something is complementary, then it somehow completes or enhances the qualities of something else. If your beautiful voice is completely complementary to your brother's song writing skills, you should form a family band!
You’ve probably heard of “complementary colors,” colors that are opposite in hue on the color wheel but actually go well together. When combined, they make a harmonious palette. People’s personalities can also be complementary, as can certain food pairings. But be careful not to confuse this adjective with the closely spelled complimentary, which means “supplied free of charge.”
WORD FAMILY
complementary: complementaries, complementarily, complementarity+/ complement: complemental, complementary, complementation, complemented, complementing, complements/complementarity: complementarities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Magnetics is complementary and says something about the presence of magmatic rocks and sedimentary basins.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
The two businesses are largely complementary, so a deal is unlikely to bring big savings beyond the tax advantage.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
The Chinese economy was highly complementary to Taiwan’s, and a majority of Taiwanese considered themselves “Chinese.”
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 互补的; 补充的，补足的
分布：互补的(74%)，补充的(26%)
US ['kɑ:m.plɪ'men.tˌɚ-] adjective
■useful or attractive together 补充的；互补的；补足的
• complementary colours/flavours/skills 互补色／风味／技能
• My family and my job both play an important part in my life, fulfilling separate but complementary needs. 家庭和工作都是我生活中重要的组成部分，两者互为补充，满足我不同的需要。
complex, complementary, comprehensive, compensating
complex: 复杂的；
complementary: 补充的；
comprehensive: 综合的；
compensating: 补偿的
adj. [数] [摄] 补足的，补充的
 - supplementary, adscititious

Word: consistency
Front: consistency
[kənˈsɪstənsi] (托宝 4975/5721 -1)
Vocabulary: consistency
(once / 1132 pages)
1n 2n
Foods like puddings and gravies need to be the correct consistency — that is, the right thickness or texture — for the dish. It would not be good, for example, for gravy to have the consistency of cottage cheese.
The noun consistency also refers to uniformity or compatibility between things or parts. For example, you might need to check the consistency of spelling in a document or the consistency among eye-witness accounts of a crime. Consistency usually implies a positive sense of dependability. If you show consistency at the work place, your manager can depend on you.
WORD FAMILY
consistency: consistencies+/ consist: consisted, consistence, consistency, consisting, consists/consistence: consistences
USAGE EXAMPLES
"It really requires norms of coherence and consistency," he said.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
That, to me, is what’s holding him back from being a really good player is his consistency.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
If you would like more of a soupy consistency, add a little more stock.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 连贯; 符合; 前后一致; 浓度
分布：一致性(92%)，连贯(6%)，硬度(1%)，强度(1%)
noun
SUBSTANCE 物质
countable or uncountable
■the physical nature of a substance, especially a thick liquid, for example by being thick or thin, smooth or lumpy （尤指黏稠液体的）黏稠度，黏稠性
• She loved the creamy consistency of fresh paint. 她喜欢新鲜油漆鲜奶油状的黏性。
• Melt the chocolate to a pouring (= easy to pour) consistency. 把巧克力熔化成流体状。
[kən'sɪs.tənt.si] noun
BEING THE SAME 不变化的
uncountable
■when someone always behaves or performs in a similar way, or when something always happens in a similar way 连贯性；一致性
• They've won a few matches this season but they lack consistency. 这个赛季他们赢过几场比赛，可是表现不稳定。
• It's important to show some consistency in your work. 在工作中表现出连贯性很重要。
Opposite inconsistency
n. [计] [会计] 一致性； [流] 稠度；相容性
 - conformance, impending slough

Word: dung
Front: dung
[dʌŋ] (14486/14683 -1)
Vocabulary: dung
(once / 2985 pages)
nv
Dung means animal droppings or waste. If you work at an elephant sanctuary, you're likely to spend a lot of time shoveling up elephant dung.
Dung is a tidy word for an untidy substance — animal poop. When farmers talk about cow dung or chicken dung, they'll probably call it manure instead. Some dung causes problems, like the runoff of pig dung into lakes and rivers, while other dung is used to help fertilize vegetable gardens. Dung is an Old English word, from a Germanic root — in Old High German, a tung was an underground room that was covered with dung for warmth.
WORD FAMILY
dung: dunged, dunging, dungs
USAGE EXAMPLES
But 115 million years ago, they feasted on dinosaur dung.
Science Magazine(Dec 23, 2016)
More positively, Hanski and his students have documented how some species have evolved to utilize the dung of introduced livestock such as cattle.
Nature(Nov 22, 2016)
The phosphorus and nitrogen in the dung help fertilize crops.
Science Magazine(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. 动物的粪便; 粪肥; 令人厌恶的东西
vt. 施粪肥于
时态：dunged, dunging, dungs
分布：动物的粪便(67%)，上粪(33%)
→来自dhengh, 覆盖。粪肥义来自古目耳曼时期，冬天人们在地下室上面铺一层粪肥以进行保暖，从而衍生该词义。
noun uncountable
■solid waste from animals, especially cattle and horses; manure （尤指牛或马等动物的）粪便
n. 粪
 - turd, ordure

Word: dislodge
Front: dislodge
[dɪsˈlɒdʒ] (宝 13346/11359 -1)
Vocabulary: dislodge
(once / 1965 pages)
v
To dislodge is to remove something. When you're choking, you need to dislodge the food from your throat.
When you dislodge, you're moving something from its current position. When sumo wrestlers are going at it, they're trying to dislodge each other from their original positions. Anytime something is stuck and you want it out, it needs to be dislodged. When you're choking, food is lodged in your windpipe. That's a time when you need to dislodge quickly!
WORD FAMILY
dislodge: dislodged, dislodgement, dislodges, dislodging, dislodgment+/dislodgment: dislodgments/ lodge: dislodge, lodged, lodgement, lodger, lodges, lodging, lodgment/lodgement: lodgements/ lodger: lodgers/ lodging: lodgings/lodgment: lodgments
USAGE EXAMPLES
The officers’ body cameras in that incident were apparently dislodged or knocked off during the encounter.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Stankovic performed the Heimlich maneuver, which dislodges objects that block the windpipe.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
The trooper tackled him to the ground, but officials say the trooper’s sidearm was dislodged from its holster.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 把…逐出，驱逐; 把…移动
vi. 移走，离开原位
时态：dislodged, dislodging, dislodges
分布：逐出(72%)，移走(19%)，用力移出(9%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。lodge, 安置，安顿。
【记】lodge（n 旅馆；小屋）
【反】anchor（v 固定）
US [-'slɑ:dʒ] verb transitive
■to remove something or someone, especially by force, from a fixed position （尤指在外力作用下）使移位，使免职
• The earthquake dislodged stones from the walls and the roof. 地震震落了墙壁和屋顶上的石头。
• We need two wins to dislodge the French team from first place. 我们得赢两场比赛才能把法国队从第一的位置上挤下去。
vt. 逐出，驱逐；使……移动；用力移动
 - cast out, evict
vi. 驱逐，逐出；离开原位
 - cast out, chase sb./sth. out

Word: derail
Front: derail
[dɪˈreɪl] (10587/22458 -1)
Vocabulary: derail
(once / 4451 pages)
v
When a train or a subway derails, its wheels accidentally leave the tracks. Train cars that derail can cause the cars behind them to crash.
Mistakes by engineers or flaws in the track can derail a train or trolley, sending it off the rails and sometimes injuring the passengers. You can also use the verb derail figuratively, to mean "hinder someone" or "divert a process from going in its intended direction." For example, terrorists might derail ongoing peace talks by blowing up a bus. The word comes from the French dérailler, "go off the rails."
WORD FAMILY
derail: derailed, derailing, derailment, derails+/derailment: derailments
USAGE EXAMPLES
He refused to let intermittent monsoons derail his appointed rounds.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
The city’s transportation board first envisioned a Second Avenue subway in 1929, but the stock market crash and the Great Depression derailed the plan.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The International Monetary Fund warned in October a $17.5 billion bailout program risked getting derailed if Kiev failed to show "concrete results" in tackling corruption.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 出轨
vt. 使（火车）出轨，使脱轨
时态：derailed, derailing, derails
分布：出轨(43%)，阻碍(30%)，使出轨(16%)，扰乱(11%)
→de-, 向下，脱离。rail, 轨道。即脱轨。
verb
TRAIN 火车
intransitive or transitive
■If a train derails or is derailed, it comes off the railway tracks. （使）（火车）出轨
[ˌdi:'reɪl] verb
PLAN 计划
transitive
■to prevent a plan or process from succeeding 阻挠
• Renewed fighting threatens to derail the peace talks. 重燃的战火对和谈构成了威胁。
n. [铁路] 脱轨；脱轨器
 - digression

Word: elimination
Front: elimination
[ɪˌlɪmɪ'neɪʃn] (四六托 7330/7987)
Vocabulary: elimination
(once / 2051 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
Elimination is the process of getting rid of something, whether it’s waste, errors, or the competition.
Elimination comes from the Latin word limen, which means threshold. The Romans added an “e” to the beginning and created the verb eliminare, which means to banish or to push over the threshold and out the door. If you solve a multiple-choice question on a test using the process of elimination, you rule out the wrong possibilities one by one until you find the right answer.
WORD FAMILY
elimination: eliminations+/ eliminate: eliminated, eliminates, eliminating, elimination, eliminator/eliminator: eliminators
USAGE EXAMPLES
They say limited hunting allows for a controlled elimination of weak animals, while earning funds for fodder and other care for the herds.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Huskies’ failure to impose their will, combined with a critical interception and fumble, ultimately led to their elimination from the national championship picture.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Other demolitions in Evansville are done through a federal Blight Elimination Project.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 排除; 除去; 根除; 淘汰
分布：消除(78%)，淘汰(19%)，除去(3%)
noun uncountable
■the removal of something 排除；消除，清除；淘汰
• the elimination of disease/pain 消除疾病／解除疼痛
• their elimination from the competition 他们被淘汰出局
by a process of elimination
■by removing from several possible answers the ones which are unlikely to be correct until only one is left 用排除法
• We eventually found the answer by a process of elimination. 我们最终运用排除法得到了答案。
n. 消除；淘汰；除去
 - removing, erasure

Word: garbage
Front: garbage
[ˈgɑ:bɪdʒ] (高研四六托雅 3934/12130 -K1)
Vocabulary: garbage
(once / 2009 pages)
n
If you throw it in the trash, you can call it garbage. Likewise, if something is so terrible you wish you could throw it in the trash, like a really bad movie, you can also call it garbage.
Everything in your kitchen trash is garbage — essentially, it's anything that's useless. Garbage can include vegetable scraps, wadded-up paper, or even spoken gibberish. The origin of the word garbage is a little uncertain, though in the 15th century it was used to mean literally "giblets of a fowl," or the extra parts that weren't considered food.
WORD FAMILY
garbage
USAGE EXAMPLES
In America, each of us throws away more than seven pounds of garbage a day.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Fisher, whose tough-talking princess defied Empire generals while tossing off one-liners like “Into the garbage chute, flyboy,” died Tuesday at age 60.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Fisher, whose tough-talking princess defied Empire generals while tossing off one-liners such as “into the garbage chute, flyboy”, died on Tuesday.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 垃圾; 脏东西; 丢弃的食物; 无用的数据
分布：垃圾(96%)，废物(3%)，食物残渣(1%)
→原义为禽类内脏。词源不详，可能来自sker, 切，撕，词源同shear, carve.
n.垃圾If you carry the cabinet of cabbage garbage to the garage, you'll get an average wage.如果你把这橱柜包菜垃圾扛进了汽车库,你将获得一份平均工资.
US ['gɑ:r-] noun uncountable US (UK rubbish)
■waste material or unwanted things that you throw away 垃圾；废物
■nonsense or stupid ideas 废话；无聊的话；无价值的东西
• He talks a lot of garbage about education. 他废话连篇地大谈自己对教育的看法。
UK ['gɑ:.bɪdʒ] US ['gɑ:r-] noun uncountable
Garbage in, garbage out mainly US
■something you say which means that something produced from materials of low quality will also be of low quality 垃圾进，垃圾出（意为用劣质的材料生产出的产品也必然是劣质的）
• The meals are pretty poor but then they never use fresh ingredients - garbage in, garbage out. 这饭真难吃，因为他们从来不用新鲜材料——也难怪，垃圾进，垃圾出。
waste, debris, rubbish, litter, garbage, junk
这组词都有“废物，垃圾”的意思，其区别是：
waste: 普通用词，概念广泛，指任何被丢弃的东西。
debris: 着重指分解、分裂或破坏后剩下的碎片，也指零散的普通废品。
rubbish: 普通用词，指任何成堆的、破损的、用过的或无用的东西，尤指弃掉的垃圾堆。也可作引申用。
litter: 是四下乱丢物品的总称，尤指散落于地，有碍观瞻的废物。
garbage: 主要指有机废料，包括厨房的剩菜剩饭或不能再用的食物。也可作引申用。
junk: 指回收的旧汽车或大型机器，也指毫无实用价值，或破烂物体，但不指垃圾。
n. [环境] 垃圾；废物
 - refuse, waste, junk, rubbish, trash

Word: footstep
Front: footstep
[ˈfʊtstep] (研四六 6017/5733 -1)
Back: n. 脚步（声）; 足迹
分布：脚步(51%)，脚步声(34%)，足迹(15%)
n.脚步(声),足迹I heard lots of footsteps behind me.我听见有很多脚步声在我后面.
noun countable
■the sound made by a person walking as their foot touches the ground, or a step (= foot movement) 脚步声；脚步
• Walking along the darkened street, he heard footsteps close behind him. 走在黑漆漆的大街上，他听到有脚步声紧随其后。
footsteps [plural]
■the route a person has taken in order to reach a place or to achieve something 路途，路线
• When he realized he'd lost his wallet, he retraced his footsteps (= went back the way he had come). 他发现自己丢了钱包，于是沿原路返回。
n. 脚步；脚步声；足迹
 - step, track

Word: grisly
Front: grisly
[ˈgrɪzli] (宝 15353/20312 -1)
Vocabulary: grisly
(once / 3296 pages)
adj
Grisly means disgusting and bloody, absolutely repulsive and horrible. There’s a wonderfully creepy movie about a man who suffers a grisly death at the hands of the grizzly bears he was studying.
Do you like grisly horror movies? You might think that the reason the word grisly is so creepy, gruesome, and terrifying is somehow related to gristle, those really nasty tough parts you find in meat. But no, this is not the case. Old English grislic, the root of the word, means "horrible, dreadful." If something is gory and gross, it’s grisly.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
grisly / gristly / grizzly
Blood, guts, and man-eaters, oh my! Feint of heart turn back now! Grisly means relating to horror or disgust, gristly means related to gristle or cartilage, and grizzly is a big ol' bear. That can eat you.
Grisly describes blood and guts, horror movie fodder, something totally repulsive. It shows up in these blood-curdling examples:
The grisly massacre — some bodies were grotesquely mutilated and defiled — shocked the country and made global headlines. (Time)
Television video showed a heavily damaged building and a grisly scene inside, with clothing and prayer mats scattered across a blood-splattered floor. (New York Times)
Gristly is gross, too, but it means related to gristle or cartilage, that yucky hard stuff in a chicken leg, for example, or the tough chewy part in any meat. Or person. Here are some gristly examples to gnaw on:
In a ham sandwich is a cold, pink punch in the face, an angry thing marbled with gristly neglect. (Guardian)
This is surrounded by a sheath of connective tissue, at first merely membranous, later becoming cartilaginous or gristly. (John Mason Tyler)
Grizzly refers to a species of brown bear found in North America. Grizzly can also refer to the color gray or gray hair: Grizzlies get their name from the white hairs that grow in their brown coats, making them look grizzled (streaked with gray).
He makes a face like a threatened grizzly bear: mouth wide open, snout muscles flexed, teeth bared. (New York Times)
All in all, if you're going out on a bear hunt, avoid grisly, gristly, and even grizzly bears. Hunt for teddy bears instead.
WORD FAMILY
grisly: grislier, grisliest
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s much easier to shoot a grisly horror scene these days because most of the blood is now computer generated.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Music is muted — the grisly snap of bones and squelch of peeling flesh predominate — while the camera maintains a cool, observational stillness.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Sadly, almost every day our photo editors see upsetting, even grisly images of war or carnage — from Syria, from terrorist bombings and other situations.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 可怕的; 厉害的; 严重的; 〈口〉讨厌的
级别：grislier, grisliest
分布：可怕的(58%)，恐怖的(42%)
→来自ghrei, 刮，擦，磨，词源同grit, grind. 引申义磨心的，恐怖的。
【记】g鬼，ris＝rise，ly：鬼升起来了！＝恐怖的，可怕的
adjective
■extremely unpleasant, especially because death or blood is involved （尤指因涉及死亡或流血而）令人厌恶的，恐怖的，可怕的
• The 55-year-old Canadian had suffered a grisly death. 这位55岁的加拿大人死得很惨。
• a grisly murder 可怕的谋杀案
adj. 可怕的；厉害的；严重的
 - acute, terrible, serious, bad, smart

Word: impatience
Front: impatience
[ɪm'peɪʃns] (11344/9012)
Vocabulary: impatience
(once / 412 pages)
n
Impatience is the tendency to be irritable or easily frustrated. A bus driver's impatience often results in her yelling, honking her horn, and gesturing angrily at other drivers.
If you are easily annoyed or provoked, your impatience is showing. Impatience is also why you hate being late, or having to wait for something or someone. It comes from patience, the habit or trait of being able to wait calmly or even tolerate discomfort without complaining. The "opposite of" prefix im- tells you that impatience is the complete opposite.
WORD FAMILY
impatience: impatiences+/ impatient: impatience, impatienter, impatiently/inpatient: inpatients/ patience: patiences/ patient: impatient, inpatient, patience, patiently, patients
USAGE EXAMPLES
The U.N. vote presents Obama with an opportunity to display his impatience with Israel, but it’s not clear how he will proceed.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The vote was nonbinding, but it was a sharp protest vote, reflecting impatience with corruption and the slowness of overhauls in Ukraine.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
In reality, regulations are in place to protect everyday people against the interests of pharmaceutical companies and our own impatience for new medicine.
Slate(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 不耐烦; 焦躁; 渴望; 切望
分布：不耐烦(98%)，急迫(2%)
【记】patience（n 耐性；忍耐）
【反】forbearance（n 自制；忍耐）
noun uncountable
■when you are annoyed by someone's mistakes or because you have to wait 不耐烦，无耐心
• "Well, I have shown you how to do this before, " she said, unable to disguise her impatience. “唉，我已经教过你怎么做的，”她说道，掩饰不了自己的不耐烦。
• There's a growing impatience among the electorate with the old two-party system. 选民对旧有的两党制日渐失去耐心。
■when you want something to happen as soon as possible 切望；焦急
• [+ to infinitive] He was already half an hour late which explains his impatience to leave. 他已经迟了半小时，所以他急着要离开。
n. 急躁；无耐心
 - temperament, precipitance

Word: hinterland
Front: hinterland
[ˈhɪntəlænd] (托宝 18616/15124 -1)
Vocabulary: hinterland
(once / 9456 pages)
n
The hinterlands are affectionately called "the sticks," or the "boonies," short for "boondocks." Use it to specify an area that is far away from a city or town, or even civilization as we know it. Cell-phone reception and cable television aren't guaranteed.
The noun hinterland comes to the English language via Germany: hinter is "behind" + land is, well, "land." It actually refers to the land lying inland — or behind — an ocean coast or river shore, which is why backwaters and hinterlands are used interchangeably. Use hinterlands when you want to make fun of an area's backwardness, or to celebrate its natural beauty: "Coming from the unspoiled hinterlands of Louisiana, she found it hard to adjust to the sights and sounds of the big city."
WORD FAMILY
hinterland: hinterlands
USAGE EXAMPLES
Before independence, Aleppo was integrated into its natural hinterland of eastern and northern Syria, as well as southern Turkey and northern Iraq.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Desperate Venezuelans are trekking through the Amazon hinterlands to make it to Brazil.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
Now, to put it in Mitt Romney language, America’s maker regions will be governed by its taker hinterland.
Seattle Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 内陆地区，内地; 穷乡僻壤; 腹地; 内陆贸易区
分布：腹地(65%)，内地(24%)，内陆地区(11%)
→来自德语Hinterland,内陆，来自hinter,后面的，词源同hinder,land,土地。
【记】hinter后面的，land（n 陆地）：内地
US [-tˌɚ-] noun
countable usually singular
■the land behind the coast or the banks of a river, or an area of a country that is far away from cities 内陆，后方地区；穷乡僻壤
hinterlands [plural] US
■a part of the country that is far away from the big city areas 偏僻地区，偏远地区
n. 内地；穷乡僻壤；靠港口供应的内地贸易区
 - inland, outback

Word: leaflet
Front: leaflet
[ˈli:flət] (研六雅 13599/3571 -2)
Vocabulary: leaflet
(once / 2371 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A paper advertisement or a folded brochure is called a leaflet. To spread the word that your band is playing tonight, you could hand out leaflets.
Most leaflets are free, part of their purpose being to attract an audience or customers, or to spread specific information or propaganda. You can also use this word to mean "small section of a leaf," particularly on a "compound leaf," which is made up of several leaflets, like the leaf of the ash tree. This botanical meaning is the original one — the "pamphlet" meaning arose in the 1800s, from leaf, or "page of a book."
WORD FAMILY
leaflet: leaflets+/interleaf: interleaves/ leaf: interleaf, leaf-like, leafage, leafed, leafing, leafless, leaflet, leaflike, leafs, leafy, leaves, overleaf/leafing: leafings/leafless: leaflessly/leafy: leafier, leafiest
USAGE EXAMPLES
Before the start of the offensive to regain Mosul, the Iraqi government airdropped leaflets and broadcast messages on television urging residents to shelter in place, .
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The leaflets continued to rain down on them.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
To limit the displacement from Mosul, the government airdropped leaflets over the city telling civilians to stay put.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 传单，散页印刷品; 小叶，嫩叶; 复叶的一片; 叶状器官
vt. & vi. 散发传单
分布：传单(58%)，小叶(30%)，散发传单(12%)
→leaf,叶子，-let,小词后缀。引申词义传单，小册子。
小叶;传单(leaf树叶,一页纸)"[-et表名词"小东西"注:-let=-et表示"小"]
n.小叶,嫩叶;传单,活页The lean man leans on the clean bean plant to read a leaf leaflet.瘦人斜靠在干净的豆科植物上读叶片传单.
noun countable
■a piece of paper which gives you information or advertises something 传单，活页；（单页）广告
• Demonstrators handed out leaflets to passers-by. 示威者向路人派发传单。
• A leaflet about the new bus services came through the door today. 今天从门缝塞进来一张介绍公车新增服务的广告。
['li:.flət] verb intransitive or transitive (-t- or UK ALSO -tt-)
■to give out leaflets to people 散发，发放（传单或广告）
• They leafleted the area two weeks before the event. 活动开始前两周他们就在该地区散发了广告。
n. [植] 小叶；传单
 - circular, lobule

Word: islamism

Word: lifespan
Front: lifespan
[ˈlaɪfspæn] (15281/2369)
Vocabulary: lifespan
(once / 39267 pages)
n
Someone's lifespan is the total length of time they're alive, from birth to death. The lifespan of a mosquito is much shorter than the lifespan of an elephant.
Over time, human lifespans have been getting longer and longer, as advanced medicine and nutrition keeps us healthier. In many cases, larger animals have longer lifespans — while elephants can sometimes live to be 80, houseflies generally only have a lifespan of a few weeks. In Old English, span means "distance between the thumb and little finger," or "distance between objects." Eventually the word came to also mean "length of time."
WORD FAMILY
lifespan: lifespans
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hanging on the wall near Smith’s birthday cake was this plaque: “Time spent flying is not deducted from one’s lifespan.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The state’s largest hospital group, Lifespan, also lost money, $29 million for the fiscal year.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Most voting machines in the U.S. are at or near the end of their expected lifespans .
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. （人或动物的）寿命; 存在期; 使用期; 有效期
分布：寿命(94%)，使用期限(6%)
→life,生命，span,扩展。
noun countable
■the length of time for which a person, animal or thing exists 寿命；可持续年限，有效期
• The average human lifespan in the developed countries has increased over the last hundred years. 发达国家的人均寿命在过去的100年间延长了。
• The project's lifespan is estimated at about five years. 预计这项工程为期五年左右。
n. [生物] 寿命；预期生命期限；预期使用期限
 - age, natural life

Word: porous
Front: porous
[ˈpɔ:rəs] (托雅宝 13555/15977 -1)
Vocabulary: porous
(once / 3413 pages)
adj
If something is full of tiny holes or openings, you can describe it as porous. A sponge is porous, and if the border between countries is open for anyone to cross easily, it too can be called porous.
You can see the word pore — meaning "a tiny opening" — in porous. When potters make a mug, they use special glazes to seal the porous clay, which otherwise would absorb the liquid you put in the mug. This meaning has expanded so porous can describe any barrier that allows easy passage in and out, like the porous border between two countries that allows residents to move easily between them.
WORD FAMILY
porous: nonporous, porosity, porousness+/ pore: pored, pores, poring, porous / porosity: porosities
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was nowhere to be found against the Rockets, who shredded the Clippers’ porous defense to shoot 55.6% from the field.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Some Russian media pointed at lax security at Chkalovsky outside Moscow where the plane was based, saying that it’s quite porous compared to civilian airports.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
Turkey was an early backer of the rebels, allowing them to retreat and rearm across its largely porous border.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 能穿透的，能渗透的; 有毛孔或气孔的; 漏洞多的; 易穿过的
分布：多孔的(82%)，可渗透的(18%)
→来自pore,孔隙。
【记】por孔，ous多－多孔的
【反】impermeable（adj 不能渗透的）；impenetrable（adj 难以渗透的）
US ['pɔ:r.əs] adjective
■describes something that has many small holes, so liquid or air can pass through, especially slowly 多孔的；能渗漏的
• porous soil with good drainage 有良好排水系统的渗漏性土壤
• porous brick walls 多孔砖墙
• a porous polymer membrane 多孔聚合物膜
■not protected enough to stop people going through 多漏洞的，松懈的
• The border in this region is porous and many refugees have simply walked across. 这个地区的边界管理很松懈，许多难民很容易就越过了。
adj. 多孔渗水的；能渗透的； [生物] 有气孔的
 - leachy, stomatal

Word: pedal
Front: pedal
[ˈpedl] (研六雅宝 7777/9029 -1)
Vocabulary: pedal
(once / 2224 pages)
1nvadj 2n
Anything you push with your feet to control a machine, vehicle, or instrument is a pedal. When you use a sewing machine, you push the pedal with your foot to make the needle move up and down.
When you see the letters ped, something related to the foot might just be afoot. Pedestrians walk around by foot, and a pedicure is when your tootsies get the spa treatment. Those letters don’t always relate to feet, but it does with pedal, the noun or verb. The controls on the floor of your car are pedals, and if you put the pedal to the metal, it means you press as hard as you can on the gas pedal. Woohoo!
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
peddle / pedal / petal
Sometimes the only way to choose your words with homophones is to memorize their spellings and meanings. Pedal/peddle/petal is one such set of homophones.
A pedal is a lever controlled with the foot, such as found on a piano or a bicycle. To pedal is to use such a lever to control something. It descends from the Late Latin pedale, for a thing of the foot, which descends ultimately from the Latin pēs, for foot.
The city is expected to finalize this week a five-year contract to bring pedal boats back to Wesley Lake this summer.
Bicycle riders will be pedaling over hills and through pastures Saturday near Stonewall.
To peddle can mean to travel around selling items (think door-to-door salesmen). It can also mean to sell illicit drugs or, informally, to give out or spread, as with information or lies.
A former Alaska lawmaker has pleaded guilty to a state count of letting unregistered lobbyists peddle their ideas to him.
The Health Sciences Authority (HSA) has warned the public against taking black pills peddled in unlabelled bottles.
Finally, a petal is a flower's brightly colored leaf that joins with other petals to form the flower's corolla.
You will start with a great big rose complete with curly petals and shiny leaves painted from reference.
Spread generously or pipe over the cooled cupcakes and top each with a rose petal.
Remember that pedal is related to foot through the Latin pēs and that someone who peddles goods goes from door to door. If you don't want either of those, then you can choose the flower's petal.
WORD FAMILY
pedal: pedaled, pedaler, pedaling, pedalled, pedaller, pedalling, pedals+/pedaler: pedalers/pedaller: pedallers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s just important to keep that foot on the gas pedal,” Brady said.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Indoor cycling requires constant pedaling while there is some coasting outdoors.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
On his Instagram account, he wrote: “Pedal is always to the metal and fuel is still in the tank. #VroomVroom.”
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 踏板; 脚蹬子; 垂足线
vt. & vi. 踩自行车的踏板; 骑自行车
adj. 脚的; 踏板的
时态：pedalled, pedalling, pedals
分布：踏板(91%)，踩踏板(7%)，用脚踏动(1%)，乐器的脚踏键(1%)
→来自ped,脚，词源同foot,biped.引申词义自行车踏板。
脚的,足的(ped+al)[ped=foot,表示"脚"]
n.踏板v.踩踏板,骑自行车I pedaled my bicycle up the hill.我骑着脚踏车上山.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a small part of a machine or object which is pushed down with the foot to operate or move the machine or object 踏板
• the brake/accelerator pedal 煞车／油门踏板
• This sewing machine is operated by a foot pedal. 这台缝纫机是用脚踏板来操作的。
• He stood up on the pedals of his bike to get extra power as he cycled up the hill. 他骑车上山时站在踏板上踩车以增加力量。
['ped.əl] adjective [before noun]
■operated by a pedal or pedals 踏板的，脚踏的
• a pedal bike/boat/car 脚踏自行车／船／汽车
• She emptied the ashtray into the pedal bin. 她把烟灰缸里的东西倒入脚踏式垃圾桶里。
['ped.əl] verb intransitive or transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to push the pedals of a bicycle round with your feet 骑（自行车）
• He struggled to pedal his bicycle up the hill. 他吃力地骑着自行车上山。
• We were pedalling like mad (= very fast) against the wind, but didn't seem to be getting anywhere. 我们逆着风拚命地骑着车，但似乎没有骑多远。
⇒ See also backpedal
vi. 踩踏板；骑车
 - ride bike
n. 踏板；脚蹬子
 - footplate, treadboard
vt. 骑（自行车）；踩……的踏板
 - ride

Word: panda
Front: panda
[ˈpændə] (中高研四 14691/15519 -1)
Back: n. 熊猫; 猫熊
分布：熊猫(100%)
→来自法语panda,小熊猫，小猫熊，借自尼泊尔语，原指尼泊尔一种浣熊状的哺乳动物。后在20世纪初中国四川首次发现大熊猫后，由该词创造新词Giant Panda,来指大熊猫，最后该词小写并通用化。
n.熊猫The fanciful panda fan panics over the span of the pan-like panel.爱幻想的熊猫迷对盆状仪表板的全长感到恐慌.
(plural pandas or panda) (also giant panda)
noun countable
■a large black and white mammal similar to a bear, that lives in forests in China 熊猫，大熊猫
n. [脊椎] 熊猫；猫熊
 - bearcat

Word: propensity
Front: propensity
[prəˈpensəti] (托宝 10887/12005 -1)
Vocabulary: propensity
(once / 1375 pages)
n
A propensity is a natural tendency to behave in a certain way. We all have propensities — things we tend to do. Dogs have a propensity to bark, and many people have a propensity for getting annoyed by it.
If you have a propensity for something, then it's something that comes naturally to you or something you just do a lot. Some people have a propensity to laugh. Other people have a propensity for making others laugh, or for being generous, or for getting angry. It's hard to change your propensities. Sometimes a propensity is a bad thing, as in a criminal with a propensity for theft or murder.
WORD FAMILY
propensity: propensities
USAGE EXAMPLES
For human beings, reliable changes occur between day and night in hunger, body temperature, sleep propensity, hormone production, activity level, metabolic rate and more.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
They share inside jokes, an obsession with literature, leftover stew on occasion and a propensity for being in the right place at the right time.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
And it highlights Trump’s propensity to double down on his original statements even as his advisers seek to shift the focus to other issues.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 倾向，习性，癖好，偏爱
分布：倾向(87%)，习性(13%)
→pro-,向前，-pens,悬挂，依靠，词源同depend,pension.引申词义倾向，习性。
倾向;习性(pro前+pens+ity→重量偏向一边→倾向)[pend,pens,pond=weight,expend,表示"称重量,称银子",引申为"花费"]
【记】pro前，pens挂，ity－提前挂在心里－癖好
【反】aversion（n 厌恶）
US [-sə.tˌi] formal
noun only singular
■a tendency towards a particular way of behaving, especially a bad one （尤指不良的）倾向，嗜好，癖好
• [+ to infinitive] She's inherited from her father a propensity to talk too much. 她从她父亲那里遗传了话多的毛病。
• He's well-known for his natural propensity for indiscretion. 他天生粗心的毛病是出了名的。
n. [心理] 倾向，习性；癖好，偏爱
 - tendency, liability, behaviour, trend, habit

Word: retribution
Front: retribution
[ˌretrɪˈbju:ʃn] (托宝 11613/11728 -1)
Vocabulary: retribution
(once / 1674 pages)
n
Retribution is the act of taking revenge. If you pull a prank on someone, expect retribution.
Retribution comes from the Latin for giving back what's due, either reward or punishment. But when we talk about retribution, we only talk about punishment. The old punishment code of "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth," is an example of retribution. Some people think about large events like tornados or earthquakes as cosmic retribution for human pride. Some synonyms are compensation, recompense, requital.
WORD FAMILY
retribution: retributions
USAGE EXAMPLES
“So there is a question about whether there’s a political retribution here versus a diplomatic response.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
"So there is a question about whether there's a political retribution here versus a diplomatic response," he added.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
He added: “So there is a question about whether there’s a political retribution here versus a diplomatic response.”
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 应得的惩罚，报应; 报复; 报答，报偿
分布：惩罚(36%)，报应(31%)，报复(28%)，报偿(5%)
→re-,向后，往回，-trib,给予，词源同 tribute,contribution.引申词义惩罚，报应。
报酬;报复(re回+tribut+ion→给回去→报复,报酬)[tribut=give,表示"给予"]
【记】re反，tribut给予，ion－反过来给予－报应
【参】contribution（n 贡献）；attribute（v 把…归因于；n 属性）
[ˌret.rɪ'bju:.ʃən] formal
noun uncountable
■deserved and severe punishment 严惩；应得的惩罚；报应
• They fled because they feared retribution for the genocide. 他们逃跑是因为他们害怕会因其犯下的种族灭绝罪行而遭到严惩。
• She was asked whether a civilian government should seek retribution against military officers involved in human rights abuses. 她被问及一个平民政府是否应该严惩涉及践踏人权罪行的军官。
• Many saw her death as divine retribution (= punishment by God) for her crimes. 很多人看来，她的死罪有应得，是天谴。
n. 报应；惩罚；报答；报偿
 - punishment, rod, payment, discipline, reward

Word: striker
Front: striker
[ˈstraɪkə(r)] (13563/4067 -2)
Back: n. 罢工者; 打击者，打手; （足球的）前锋; 锤，报点时钟
分布：罢工者(67%)，钟锤(22%)，鱼叉(11%)
→strike,踢，-er,人，
US [-kɚ] noun countable
STOP WORK 罢工
■someone who is involved in a strike 罢工者
• Many people sympathize with the strikers. 许多人同情罢工者。
UK ['straɪ.kər] US [-kɚ] noun countable
SPORT 运动
■a player in a game such as football whose main purpose is to try to score goals rather than to prevent the opposing team from scoring （足球比赛等中的）前锋
• The club's new manager is a former England striker. 俱乐部的新任总教练以前是英格兰队的前锋。
• The 24-year-old striker scored 35 goals for Newcastle United last season. 上个赛季，这位24岁的前锋为纽卡素联队打进35个得分球。
n. 罢工者；打击者； [军] 撞针；钟锤；叉鱼的人
 - smiter, hitter

Word: surgical
Front: surgical
[ˈsɜ:dʒɪkl] (5305/6493 -2)
Vocabulary: surgical
(once / 1491 pages)
adj
Things that are surgical have something to do with an operation performed by a surgeon, or something done with the level of precision a surgeon exercises. So, you could wear surgical scrubs or conduct a surgical strike.
A surgical resident is a doctor who's learning to specialize in performing surgery, and the surgical wing of a hospital is the area where surgery is performed. Because what a surgeon does requires such precision and care, the adjective is also used to describe anything done carefully: "Surgical bombing is supposed to be much more precise, with narrow military targets."
WORD FAMILY
surgical: nonsurgical, surgically+/ surgery: microsurgery, surgeries, surgical
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dr. Max Langham, who led the surgical team, says the first few weeks afterward were a challenge for the twins.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The care station is closely located next to two surgical suites, one for scopic procedures, such as colonoscopies, and another for general surgery.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In 2013, the Sidney Regional Medical Center was ordered to stop using a surgical first assistant because the state didn’t recognize that person’s credentials.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 外科的，外科手术的; （服装）治疗用的
分布：外科的(64%)，外科医生的(18%)，手术上的(18%)
→来自 surgery,外科手术，-ical,形容词后缀。
US ['sɝ:-] adjective
■used for medical operations （外科）手术用的
• surgical supplies/instruments/gloves, etc. 手术器材／器械／手套等
■involved in performing medical operations 手术的，外科手术的
• surgical procedures/techniques/intervention 手术程式／技术／介入
• surgical staff 外科手术人员
■(of clothing) worn in order to treat a particular medical condition （衣服）用于外科治疗的
• a surgical shoe/collar/corset 治疗鞋／护颈／畸形矫正内衣

Word: sewer
Front: sewer
[ˈsu:ə(r)] (托雅宝 7453/9600 -1)
Back: n. 阴沟，污水管，下水道; 裁缝师
v. 从…排污水
分布：下水道(79%)，阴沟(17%)，缝纫者(3%)，管家(1%)
→来自古诺斯法语 sewiere,水闸，出水口，来自 Gallo-Roman*exaquaria,出水口，来自拉丁语 ex-,向外，出，aqua,水，词源同 aquarium,水族管。后词义专用化指下水道，阴沟。
【记】sew缝纫，er人：缝纫者，还要记住下水道的意思。读：馊味儿，下水道的味道。
US ['su:.ɚ] noun countable
■a large pipe, usually underground, which is used for carrying waste water and human waste, such as urine and solid waste, away from buildings to a place where they can be safely got rid of 下水道；排水管；阴沟
• a sewer pipe 排水管
• A complicated system of sewers runs under the city. 城市的地底下布有复杂的排水系统。
open sewer
■a channel for carrying away waste water and waste from the human body which is above the ground and is not covered 明沟
n. [建] 下水道；阴沟；裁缝师
 - sewage, cloacae

Word: rupture
Front: rupture
[ˈrʌptʃə(r)] (六托雅宝 13956/18421 -1)
Vocabulary: rupture
(once / 1197 pages)
nv
A rupture is a break or tear in something that pulls it apart. A rupture can be a literal break, like the one that happens in, say, a gas line, or it can be more figurative, as in a friendship or a business deal.
The oil spill was less of a spill that it was a rupture: the line leading to the well was severed, allowing the oil to flow into the ocean. Rupture works as both a noun and a verb. You can rupture the silence by screaming your head off, and any number of events in Star Trek can cause a rupture in the space-time continuum.
WORD FAMILY
rupture: ruptured, ruptures, rupturing
USAGE EXAMPLES
That, or the tumor would rupture her heart.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
The company determined the 2015 accident was caused by the rupture of a substandard metal piece supporting a pressurized helium vessel.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Coach Tim Miles announced Tuesday that Gill ruptured his patella tendon during practice Sunday.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 断裂，破裂; 友好关系的决裂; [医]疝气
vt. & vi. 使破裂; 断绝（关系等）; 发生疝; 使不和
vi. 破裂; 发疝气
时态：ruptured, rupturing, ruptures
分布：破裂(73%)，断裂(27%)
→来自拉丁语 rumpere,破开，断开，-pt,过去分词格，来自 reup,抓，抢，撕开，词源同 rob,rip.
破裂;断绝(rupt+ure)[rupt=break,表示"断裂"]
【记】rupt断
【参】interrupt（v 打断）
【反】remain unbreakable（保持不碎）
US [-tʃɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) explode, break or tear （使）破裂；（使）裂开；（使）断裂
• His appendix ruptured and he had to be rushed to hospital. 他突然盲肠穿孔，不得不被紧急送进医院。
• figurative This news has ruptured (= violently ended) the delicate peace between the rival groups. 这个消息打破了这些敌对群体间脆弱的和平局面。
rupture yourself
■If you rupture yourself, you break apart the wall of muscle which keeps your stomach and your bowels in place, usually by lifting something too heavy. （通常因为举过重的东西而）发疝气
UK ['rʌp.tʃər] US [-tʃɚ] noun countable
■when something explodes, breaks or tears 破裂；裂开；断裂
• a rupture of the pipeline 管道破裂
• figurative a rupture (= an end to a friendly relationship) between the families 家族内的分裂
■when the wall of muscle holding the stomach and bowels in place inside the body is broken apart; hernia 疝气
• You're going to give yourself a rupture if you lift that. 如果你硬举那个东西，会发疝气的。
n. 破裂；决裂；疝气
 - fracture, cracking
vi. 破裂；发疝气
 - fracture, crack
vt. 使破裂；断绝；发生疝
 - crack, fracture, stop

Word: actuary
Front: actuary
[ˈæktʃuəri] (23225/13330)
Vocabulary: actuary
(once / 12521 pages)
n
The person who calculates the risks for an insurance company or financial institution is known as an actuary. Her job is to analyze the statistics for accidents and life expectancy, which helps the company set the price of insurance coverage.
An actuary is a risk-management professional who works with mathematical probabilities and other accounting techniques. The current meaning of the word didn't come into use until 1772, although actuarial science had been in use long before that. (The first acknowledged U.S. actuary was Jacob Shoemaker in 1809.) Before that, the word actuary meant someone who was a registrar or clerk. It derives from the Latin word actuarius "account-keeper," which in turn came from āctus "public business."
WORD FAMILY
actuary: actuarial, actuaries+/ actuarial: actuarially
USAGE EXAMPLES
Within 19 plan years, the actuary said, the fund would be insolvent.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Robertson said actuaries want the contribution rate to rise from an already-high 37 percent of payroll to 50 percent.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Actuaries worry the mere promise of an eventual replacement won’t be enough to sustain the individual health insurance market.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 保险精算师，保险（业务）计算员
分布：精算师(100%)
US [-er.i] noun countable
■a person who calculates how likely accidents, such as fire, flood or loss of property, are to happen, and tells insurance companies how much they should charge their customers 保险精算师，保险计算员

Word: vaccinate
Front: vaccinate
[ˈvæksɪneɪt] (六托宝 15363/23911 -1)
Vocabulary: vaccinate
(once / 2292 pages)
v
To vaccinate is to immunize someone against a disease. Babies are usually vaccinated against many diseases soon after birth.
A vaccine is a type of medicine that makes you resistant (immune) to a disease like polio. To give someone such a medicine is to vaccinate them. You can use this word in a few ways. A doctor is usually the person who vaccinates a child (or older person) by administering a vaccine. You can also say the parents have vaccinated their children by making the decision to do so. Animals can be vaccinated too, like dogs are vaccinated against rabies.
WORD FAMILY
vaccinate: vaccinated, vaccinates, vaccinating, vaccination, vaccinator+/vaccinated: unvaccinated/ vaccination: vaccinations/vaccinator: vaccinators/ vaccine: vaccinate, vaccines
USAGE EXAMPLES
Officials are recommending everyone six months of age or older to get vaccinated against the flu.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Officials say 64 percent of people in all the cases reported being vaccinated against the mumps.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Esvelt and his team would begin by vaccinating their mice and sequencing the DNA of the most protective antibodies.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 给…接种疫苗
vi. 注射疫苗，接种疫苗
时态：vaccinated, vaccinating, vaccinates
分布：接种疫苗(75%)，预防接种(25%)
→来自vaccine,疫苗。
【记】源于：vaccine（n 疫苗）
verb transitive
■to give someone a vaccine, usually by injection , to prevent them from getting a disease 给…接种疫苗
• The children were vaccinated against the major childhood diseases. 孩子们接种了预防主要儿童疾病的疫苗。
⇒ See also inoculate;immunize

Word: clique
Front: clique
[kli:k] (宝 15142/19390 -1)
Vocabulary: clique
(once / 3160 pages)
n
A clique is an exclusive group of people or friends. Before Rudolph pulled Santa's sled through the fog, the clique of flying reindeer never let him play their reindeer games.
In high school, the exclusive nature of cliques causes a lot of hurt feelings. Clique carries this less than nice feeling with it wherever it goes, whether it be a set of elites who surround a government official, a group of popular kids who don't let others join their group or the closed circle of people at the office who always make sure they get the best jobs.
WORD FAMILY
clique: cliques, cliquish+/cliquish: cliquishness
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the same time the employee was said to be rebelling against the company by forming a clique, and threatening to start his own business.
BBC(Dec 07, 2016)
The Casa, a social welfare centre and bar in Liverpool, is the modern hangout of this still fiercely loyal clique.
BBC(Dec 06, 2016)
He then turns over the proceeds to the leader of his clique.
New York Times(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: n. <贬>小集团，小圈子; 派系
vi. 结派，结党
分布：派系(66%)，小集团(34%)
→拟声词，模仿关门的声音，形成小圈子。
【记】c读：科，li里，que缺：这种小集团在国家机关的科里向来不缺。
US [klɪk] disapproving
noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a small group of people who spend their time together and do not welcome other people into that group 小集团，小圈子；派系
• Our golf club is run by a very unfriendly clique (of people). 我们的高尔夫球俱乐部是由一小撮很不友好、极其排外的家伙管理的。
• There's a clique at work that never talks/who never talk to anyone else. 公司里有个小圈子，他们从来不和其他人说话。
n. 派系；阀；私党；小圈子
 - valve, ingroup

Word: caspian
Front: caspian
[ˈkæspiən] (-/25347)
Back: adj. 里海的（世界最大的咸水湖）
分布：里海的(100%)

Word: aunt
Front: aunt
[ɑ:nt] (中高 4166/2569 -K4)
Vocabulary: aunt
(once / 69 pages)
n
If you have an aunt, she would be your dad's sister or your mom's sister, or the woman who's married to your uncle. Your uncle is a brother to your mom or dad. Maybe your favorite aunt, Beatrice, sends you a birthday card stuffed with money each year.
First used around the 13th century, the noun aunt comes from the Latin word amita, meaning "paternal aunt." The woman who's your aunt is usually older than you are and is also the mother of your cousins. So you may remember your uncle bringing his wife Genevieve — who is also your aunt — and their children Margot and Charlie — your cousins — over for Thanksgiving dinner.
WORD FAMILY
aunt: aunts
USAGE EXAMPLES
No matter, the aunt called in the local farmer with his slurry tank and he drained the septic tank.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Hanchar recalled his aunt trying to keep up a brave front that night.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
But she cheerfully brushed aside my “Miss Reynolds,” and for twenty minutes or so I felt like I was chatting with a favorite aunt.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 阿姨; 姨母，姑妈; 舅妈; 婶娘
分布：姑(49%)，姨(36%)，婶(11%)，伯母(4%)
→来自拉丁语amita, 同amma. 鼻音m,n对应。
n.姨母,姑母,伯母,婶母,舅母,阿姨Uncle and aunt launched a laundry with the blunt hunter.伯伯和伯母与直率的猎人创办了一家洗衣店.
US [ænt] (also auntie) (aunty)
noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■the sister of someone's father or mother, or the wife of someone's uncle 姑母；姨母；婶婶；伯母；舅母
• I have an aunt in Australia. 我有一个姑妈在澳大利亚。
• Auntie Camille 卡米尔姑妈

Word: cornerstone
Front: cornerstone
[ˈkɔ:nəstəʊn] (9822/13995 -1)
Vocabulary: cornerstone
(once / 5755 pages)
1n 2n
A cornerstone is literally a stone at the corner of a building. It’s an important stone, so it also means “the basic part of something,” as in, the cornerstone of the suffragette movement was getting women the right to vote.
When a building goes up, putting in the cornerstone is a big deal and people celebrate. Many cornerstones are engraved with historical information about the building, such as the year the building was built. The cornerstone is sometimes made of a different material from the rest of the building too. From the sense of "foundation," cornerstone also means "essential element.” If you’re really into Italian food, you might say that pasta is the cornerstone of your diet.
WORD FAMILY
cornerstone: cornerstones
USAGE EXAMPLES
“At every event, I talk about how health is the cornerstone to our prosperity,” he said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
China’s government wants to turn the country into a soccer power, and a cornerstone of the plan is improving its top domestic league.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
International collaboration and shared responsibility must be cornerstones of serious attempts to prevent catastrophic outcomes.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 奠基石; 基础; 最重要部份; 柱石
分布：奠基石(93%)，隅石(7%)
US ['kɔ:r.nɚ.stoʊn] noun countable
■a stone in a corner of a building, especially one with the date when the building was made or other writing on it 基石；（尤指）奠基石
■something of great importance which everything else depends on 基础，根本
• In most countries, the family unit is still the cornerstone of society. 在大多数国家，家庭仍然是社会的基础单位。
n. 基础；柱石；地基
 - elements, basis, bed, radical, sole

Word: hygiene
Front: hygiene
[ˈhaɪdʒi:n] (托雅宝 10817/6492 -1)
Vocabulary: hygiene
(once / 1534 pages)
n
Hygiene is any practice or activity that you do to keep things healthy and clean. Washing hands, coughing into your elbow, and regular house cleaning are all part of good hygiene.
Hygieia was the Greek goddess of health, cleanliness and sanitation, so it's not hard to see where the word hygiene comes from. Good oral hygiene includes brushing and flossing your teeth, and working in a clean kitchen helps promote food hygiene. You have a better chance of staying healthy during flu season -and any other time- if you practice good personal hygiene, such as washing your hands frequently.
WORD FAMILY
hygiene: hygienic, hygienical, hygienise, hygienist, hygienize+/ hygienic: hygienically, unhygienic/hygienist: hygienists/unhygienic: unhygienically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The state will also boost the rights of domestic workers and repeal the tax on feminine hygiene products.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Q. Re: Still stinky: What’s scary to me is that you monitor her dental hygiene.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
It also advises them on nutrition and hygiene.
Economist(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: n. 卫生，卫生学; 保健法
分布：卫生(94%)，卫生学(6%)
→来自希腊语hygieine techne,长寿艺术，健康生活，来自hygies,健康的，来自eyu-gwie,长寿，*eyu,长久，年青，词源同young,age,*gwie,生命，词源同vital,zoo. 后引申词义卫生。
【记】源于希腊神话中的健康女神Hygeia黑吉尼亚读：high gene－具有很high的gene基因，因为很注意个人卫生。
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the degree to which people keep themselves or their environment clean, especially to prevent disease 卫生；卫生情况
• Poor standards of hygiene mean that the disease spreads fast. 恶劣的卫生情况意味着疾病会快速传播。
• health and hygiene regulations 健康和卫生规定
• dental/personal hygiene 口腔／个人卫生
n. 卫生；卫生学； [医] 保健法
 - health

Word: fearsome
Front: fearsome
[ˈfɪəsəm] (14773/11788 -1)
Back: adj. 可怕的，吓人的; 害怕的，胆小的
分布：可怕的(79%)，吓人的(13%)，害怕的(8%)
US ['fɪr-] adjective formal
■frightening 可怕的；吓人的
• a fearsome reputation 令人生畏的名声
• a fearsome display of violence 骇人的暴力行为
adj. 可怕的；害怕的；极大的
 - afraid, tremendous, terrible, horrible, awesome

Word: mockery
Front: mockery
[ˈmɒkəri] (13874/11961 -1)
Vocabulary: mockery
(once / 906 pages)
n
The noun mockery means ridicule or making a fool out of someone. Mockery of your history teacher is unwise just before she grades your mid-term exams.
Mockery is making fun of or mocking someone or something. The act of mockery often involves copying someone's behavior or speech, making it look absurd, like a parody. For example, comedians often get laughs with mockery, by pretending to be famous politicians and exaggerating the way they talk or gesture. The expression "to make a mockery of" means to make something appear foolish or absurd, even if that’s not the intent — like a trial that “makes a mockery of justice.”
WORD FAMILY
mockery: mockeries+/ mock: mocked, mocker, mockery, mocking, mockly, mocks/mocker: mockers/ mocking: mockingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
To her credit, Karen “recognized that her life was ripe for mockery.”
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The move drew mockery online from fed-up citizens with even state media publishing rare criticism.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Students, educators and the public disagreed whether the professor’s costume was a dumb mistake or offensive mockery.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 嘲笑，愚弄; 笑柄; （拙劣的）模仿; 徒劳
分布：嘲弄(70%)，笑柄(25%)，拙劣可笑的模仿或歪曲(5%)
→来自mock,嘲笑，嘲弄。
【记】monkey喜欢mockery别人
【反】tribute（n 颂词；殷勤）
US ['mɑ:.kɚ-] noun
uncountable
■when you mock someone or something 嘲笑，讥笑；模仿
• Bill's mockery of his dad's twitch was a bit cruel, but it made us laugh. 比尔模仿他爸爸肌肉抽搐的做法有点残忍，不过我们都被逗笑了。
only singular
■an action or event which is a failure and makes the people involved in or affected by it appear silly 嘲笑对象，笑柄
• The trial was a mockery - the judge had decided the verdict before it began. 这次审判为人耻笑——法官在审判开始前就作出了判决。
UK ['mɒk.ər.i] US ['mɑ:.kɚ-] noun
make a mockery of sth
■to make something seem stupid or without value 取笑；愚弄；使…显得荒谬（或无价值）
• The fact that he sent his children to private school makes a mockery of his socialist principles. 他奉行社会主义原则，但却把自己的孩子送到私立学校，未免也太荒谬了。
n. 嘲弄；笑柄；徒劳无功；拙劣可笑的模仿或歪曲
 - joke, derisiveness

Word: payer
Front: payer
[ˈpeɪə(r)] (15013/9186 -1)
Back: n. 付款人，交款人
分布：付款人(79%)，支付者(21%)
US ['peɪ.ɚ] noun
good/bad payer
■a person who usually pays on time/late 信誉好／不好的付款人
countable
■used as a combining form meaning a person who pays something 支付…的人
• a tax payer 纳税人
n. [贸易] 付款人；支付者
 - payor, drawee

Word: partisanship
Front: partisanship
['pɑ:tɪzænʃɪp] (13603/26824)
Vocabulary: partisanship
(once / 5539 pages)
n
Your partisanship is your tendency to support a particular group, cause, or viewpoint over another.
While partisanship is a good quality to have if you're campaigning or rallying for a political candidate — because you believe so strongly in the person — there are some times when partisanship isn't appropriate. A judge, for example, should be neutral and not take sides, and might be accused of partisanship if she seems to favor one cause or political party. The word comes from the Italian partezan, "member of a faction," with its root of parte, "part or party."
WORD FAMILY
partisanship: nonpartisanship, partisanships+/ bipartisan: bipartisanly/ nonpartisan: nonpartisans/ partisan: bipartisan, nonpartisan, partisanly, partisans, partisanship
USAGE EXAMPLES
He called on leaders from both political parties to rise above partisanship, to work together and to be role models for the next generation.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But the stakes are much higher than partisanship.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Partisanship, the easiest scapegoat for the Electoral College’s endurance, is ultimately a far less durable obstacle to reform efforts than proceduralism.
Slate(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 党派性，党派偏见
分布：党派偏见(60%)，党派性(40%)
N-UNCOUNT
盲目支持；偏袒
Partisanship is support for a person or group without fair consideration of the facts and circumstances.
例：His politics were based on loyal partisanship.他的政纲靠的是铁杆追随者的支持。

Word: pernicious
Front: pernicious
[pəˈnɪʃəs] (宝 15964/15230 -1)
Vocabulary: pernicious
(once / 1385 pages)
adj
Pernicious means harmful and subtle, such as a poison gas that causes cancer in those exposed to it over the course of years.
Pernicious comes from the Latin perniciosus, for destructive, which in turn comes from pernicies, for death or ruin. You might have heard your parents and teachers talk about the pernicious effects of watching too much TV and playing video games all day––they'll turn your brain to mush.
WORD FAMILY
pernicious: perniciously, perniciousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indeed, a mainstream strategy in cognitive behavioral therapy involves purposefully articulating thoughts to oneself in order to diminish pernicious habits of mind.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
This cultural self-destruction is particularly pernicious when women with children can’t function as mothers.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
What she did not understand then, but now sees clearly, was that pernicious forces were in control — an undiagnosed mental illness and an unwavering addiction.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 很有害的，恶性的，致命的，险恶的; 引起巨大伤害的; 毁灭性的
分布：有害的(68%)，恶性的(32%)
→per-,完全的，-nic,伤害，杀害，词源同noxious,necrosis.引申词义有害的。
有害的,有毒的(per+nic毒+ious→有毒的)[per-①表示"贯穿,自始至终"②表示"假,坏"]
【记】per全部，nic毒，暴亡，ious－全部暴亡－致命的
US [pɚ-] formal
adjective
■having a very harmful effect or influence 极其有害的；恶性的；恶劣的
• The cuts in government funding have had a pernicious effect on local health services. 政府经费的缩减对地方医卫服务产生了极为恶劣的影响。
adj. 有害的；恶性的；致命的；险恶的
 - harmful, evil, kill, malignant, destructive

Word: pollutant
Front: pollutant
[pəˈlu:tənt] (托 7350/10798 -1)
Back: n. 污染物
分布：污染物质(100%)
→来自pollute,污染。
US [-tˌənt] noun countable
■a substance that pollutes 污染物，污染物质
• Sulphur dioxide is one of several pollutants that are released into the atmosphere by coal-fired power stations. 二氧化硫是火力发电站排放到大气中的若干污染物之一。
n. [环境] 污染物
 - contamination, fomite

Word: pristine
Front: pristine
[ˈprɪsti:n] (托宝 8232/13985 -1)
Vocabulary: pristine
(once / 4267 pages)
adj
If something is pristine it's immaculately clean or has never been used. So please check your shoes before walking on a pristine white carpet.
A long, long time ago pristine was used to describe primitive or ancient things. It wasn’t until 1899 that the word grew to mean "unspoiled" or "pure." Ecologists strive to preserve pristine rain forests, just as vacationers are always looking for a pristine strip of beach to lounge on. A new car should arrive to you in pristine condition, and hopefully you'll do your best to keep it that way.
WORD FAMILY
pristine: pristinely
USAGE EXAMPLES
At first it was pretty standard fare: She posed, framed by feathers, as a glittering pop princess through a pristine, apparently lip-synced “Auld Lang Syne.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A group of nations that included the United States, China and Russia also agreed to protect a vast swath of pristine, life-supporting ocean off Antarctica.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“This is just the kind of public access and recreation that will be needed as the region grows, it is really pristine.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 太古的，原始状态的; 纯朴的，纯洁的; 未受腐蚀的，新鲜的
分布：原始的(74%)，纯朴的(14%)，清新的(8%)，未受损的(4%)
→来自拉丁语pristinus,先前的，最早的，原始的，来自古拉丁语pri,先前，早先，来自per,向前，词源同forth,first.-ist,最高级后缀。引申词义清新的，古朴的等。
纯洁的;新鲜的(prist[=first]+ine)[-ine 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或女人"3.表名词"状态,药物等"]
【记】prist＝prim（adj 最早的）p屁，ris升起，tine＝time：屁股抬起来的时候已经干净了－纯洁的
【反】corrupted by civilization（被文明腐蚀的）；squalid（adj 肮脏的）；contaminated（v 被污染的）；taint（v 感染；n 污点）
US [prɪ'sti:n] formal approving
adjective
■new or almost new, and in very good condition 崭新的；状态良好的
• pristine new offices 崭新的办公室
• Washing machine for sale - only 2 months old and in pristine condition. 出售洗衣机——只用了两个月，完好如新。
adj. 原始的，古时的；纯朴的
 - original, primitive

Word: recalcitrant
Front: recalcitrant
[rɪˈkælsɪtrənt] (宝 17985/14128)
Vocabulary: recalcitrant
(once / 6495 pages)
adj
If someone is so pig-headed that he won't budge on an issue, call him recalcitrant. Not that it will make a difference...
Recalcitrant is from Latin calcitrare, meaning "to kick," so someone who is recalcitrant is kicking back against what's wanted of them. Synonyms are unruly, intractable, and refractory, all referring to what is difficult to manage or control. Writers are frequently referring to recalcitrant Democrats and Republicans, since many people are stubbornly loyal to their political parties and unwilling to change.
WORD FAMILY
recalcitrant: recalcitrancy
USAGE EXAMPLES
Assertive government regulators and recalcitrant target companies helped quash those merger dreams.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
This created a stalemate that lasted until Alexander Hamilton intervened to persuade recalcitrant lawmakers to back Jefferson.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Though he was described as willing to talk, the C.I.A. moved him to a secret prison and immediately applied interrogation methods reserved for recalcitrant prisoners.
New York Times(Oct 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 倔强对抗的，拒不服从的; 拗强
分布：反抗的(72%)，顽强的(28%)
→re-,向后，往回，-calc,脚跟，踢，词源同 calcaneus,decal,inculcate.引申词义难以控制的。
calc+itrant表形容词→重新变成石头顽固的)[calc=stone,表示"石头"]
【记】re反复，calc石头，itrant一反复成为石头一固执的
【反】submissive（adj 顺从的）；amenable（adj 应服从的）
[rɪ'kæl.sɪ.trənt] formal
adjective
■(of a person) unwilling to obey orders or to do what should be done, or (of an animal) refusing to be controlled （人）不守规章的，桀骜不驯的；（动物）不驯服的
adj. 反抗的；反对的；顽强的
 - anti, resistant

Word: resound
Front: resound
[rɪˈzaʊnd] (宝 19086/19754)
Vocabulary: resound
(once / 728 pages)
v
To resound is to echo with sounds, usually loudly. When you sing in the shower, your voice resounds.
If you remember that re means again, then resounding makes a lot of sense: it's what happens when a sound rings out or echoes. A loud, booming voice is more likely to resound than a little whisper. If you stand on a building, yell your name, and then here it again, it resounded. Resounding is also called echoing, ringing, and reverberating. If you've ever heard a ring announcer, the microphone helps his or her voice resound to the crowd.
WORD FAMILY
resound: resounded, resounding, resounds+/resounding: resoundingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But after resounding defeat in elections early this year, the KMT struggles for relevance on an island that is proud of its separateness from China.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
The most resounding judgment of the scheme will be delivered early this year when elections are held in Uttar Pradesh.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
No more playing this season, one that dipped and rolled and rose, only to end with a most resounding thud.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. （指声音等）回荡于某处; 产生回响; （指某处）回荡着声音
时态：resounded, resounding, resounds
分布：鸣响(79%)，驰名(21%)
→re-,向后，往回，sound,声音。
【记】re反复，sound声音－巨响
verb intransitive
■to sound loudly or for a long time, or (of a place) to be filled with sound 鸣响，回响，回荡；（地方）回荡着声音，引起回响
• The noise of the fire alarm resounded through/throughout the building. 火灾警报声在整幢大楼中回荡。
• The concert hall resounded with cheers and applause. 音乐厅内回响着喝彩声和掌声。
⇒ See also resonate
vi. 回响；鸣响；被传颂
 - ring, sound
vt. 回响；传颂；大声讲
 - talk up

Word: shroud
Front: shroud
[ʃraʊd] (宝 12854/14062 -1)
Vocabulary: shroud
(once / 654 pages)
nv
Are the rules of calculus shrouded in mystery to you? The verb shroud means to hide or cover something or someone. The fog might shroud the valley, or that long-sleeved, ankle-length dress might shroud the tan you worked so hard on in Mexico over Christmas break.
It used to be that corpses were dressed for burial not in person’s best outfit but in a shroud — a garment, often white, made to cover the body. When ghosts, zombies or mummies are depicted in rags, they are wearing the remains of their burial shrouds. If you should hide from them by covering yourself with an abandoned tarp, you will be shrouding yourself from sight.
WORD FAMILY
shroud: enshroud, shrouded, shrouding, shrouds+/enshroud: enshrouded, enshrouding, enshrouds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shelves and floor space are shrouded in heaps of soft yarn and fuzzy pompoms.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Yet the origins of the Avoca Street Christmas light show are shrouded in mystery; there is no consensus about when or why the tradition started.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
As the motorcade entered the base, the sun was shining over Kaneohe Bay with the verdant Koolau mountain range shrouded with clouds in the backdrop.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 寿衣; 覆盖物; 船的横桅索; [电] 护罩
vt. 覆盖; 用裹尸布包
时态：shrouded, shrouding, shrouds
分布：裹尸布(64%)，寿衣(20%)，覆盖物(14%)，用某物覆盖或遮蔽某物(2%)
→来自古英语 scrud,一件衣服，遮盖物，来自 West-Germanic*skrud,切，剪，来自 sker,切， 剪，词源同 shred,shear.引申词义遮盖物，遮蔽物等。
【记】sh死人围着一圈roud＝round等着穿shroud
noun countable
CLOTH 布
■a cloth or long loose piece of clothing that is used to wrap a dead body before it is buried 裹尸布
[ʃraʊd] noun countable
HIDE 隐藏
■a layer of something which covers or surrounds something 遮蔽物；罩；幕
• Everything was covered in a thick shroud of dust. 所有东西上都积了厚厚的一层尘土。
■a situation which prevents something from being known or understood 谜局
• The truth about the accident remains hidden beneath a shroud of secrecy. 事故的真相一直是个谜。
[ʃraʊd] verb transitive
■to hide something by covering or surrounding it 遮蔽；覆盖；隐藏
• Visitors have complained about the scaffolding that shrouds half the castle. 游客们抱怨应架遮蔽了半个城堡。
• Suddenly all the lights went out and the house was shrouded in darkness. 突然，所有的灯都灭了，房子笼罩在一片黑暗中。
• The mist shrouding the valley had lifted by eight o'clock. 笼罩着山谷的薄雾在八点时散去了。
[ʃraʊd] verb transitive
be shrouded in secrecy/mystery
■to be a matter about which very little is known or understood 成了一个谜，笼罩在谜团中
• Her whereabouts have been shrouded in secrecy since she received the death threat. 自从收到死亡威胁后，她的行踪就成了一个谜。
n. 寿衣；覆盖物；船的横桅索； [电] 护罩
 - covering, cerement
vt. 覆盖；包以尸衣
 - invest, house, sheet, roof, cap

Word: residual
Front: residual
[rɪˈzɪdjuəl] (六托宝 7792/7109 -1)
Vocabulary: residual
(once / 7771 pages)
1adjn 2n
Residual describes what remains after most of something is gone. It’s an almost formal word for what’s leftover. If you’ve gotten over your breakup but you still have the urge to kick your ex, then you have some residual bitterness.
Residual comes from the Old French root word residu, which means "a remainder." That's why residual can be something that is left behind, like the residual grime on your kitchen counter from wiping it with a dirty sponge or residual feelings of guilt that remain after you dumped your girlfriend because you were rude. A residual is also a payment to a performer, writer, or director of a television show every time the commercial airs; it’s a kind of royalty.
WORD FAMILY
residual: residually, residuals+/ residue: residual, residuary, residues
USAGE EXAMPLES
My patient completed his course of radiation and chemotherapy, and his subsequent scans showed no evidence of residual disease.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Contributors to this volume discuss their stories, about the residual effects of combat in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Contributors to this volume discuss their stories about the residual effects of Iraq and Afghanistan.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 残余的; 残留的
n. 剩余; 残渣
分布：残余的(50%)，剩余的(44%)，剩余部分(6%)
→来自 residue,剩余物，残留物。
US [-'zɪdʒ-] adjective
■remaining after most of something has gone 剩余的；残留的；残余的
• I still felt some residual bitterness ten years after my divorce. 离婚十年后，我仍然可以感到余痛。
n. [数] 剩余；残渣
 - surplus, spare
adj. [数] [地质] 剩余的；残留的
 - remaining, surplus, odd

Word: salad
Front: salad
[ˈsæləd] (中高研四六雅 2773/4643 -K2)
Back: n. 色拉
分布：色拉(96%)，杂烩(2%)，凉拌生菜(2%)
→来自古法语 salade,沙拉，色拉，来自通俗拉丁语*salata,缩写自 herba salata,盐水腌渍的蔬菜， 来自 sal,盐，词源同 salt.
色拉(用盐拌的食品)[sal=salt表示"盐"]
n.色拉,凉拌菜The lady is glad to give the salad to the sad lad on the ladder.女士乐意把色拉送给梯子上的那位悲哀的小伙子.
noun countable or uncountable
 ESSENTIAL
■a mixture of uncooked vegetables, usually including lettuce , eaten either as a separate dish or with other food （通常用生菜等做成的）蔬菜沙拉
• Toss (= Mix) the salad with a vinaigrette dressing. 用油醋酱调味料拌沙拉。
• Serve the risotto with a mixed salad. 用什锦沙拉配义大利炖饭。
• a salad bowl 沙拉碗
cheese/egg, etc. salad
 IMPROVER
■cheese, egg, etc. with salad 起司／鸡蛋等沙拉
 ADVANCED
■cooked or uncooked vegetables cut into very small pieces and often mixed with mayonnaise （将生的或熟的蔬菜切成小块，常用蛋黄酱拌的）
• potato salad 马铃薯沙拉
• rice/pasta salad 米饭／义大利面食沙拉
['sæl.əd] noun countable or uncountable
in your salad days old-fashioned
■when you were a young person and had little experience 在少不更事的岁月，涉世未深时
• I met her in my salad days. 我遇到她时正值青涩年华。

Word: standstill
Front: standstill
[ˈstændstɪl] (宝 15581/11241 -1)
Vocabulary: standstill
(once / 2093 pages)
n
When anything comes to a standstill, it stops moving, either literally coming to a motionless stop, or ceasing to make any progress.
If you and your brother try to agree on what kind of pizza to order, but your negotiations come to a standstill, it means that neither one of you will budge or compromise, and you've reached a dead end. During rush hour on a busy highway, traffic often comes to a standstill — it simply stops. This "cessation of movement" meaning came first.
WORD FAMILY
standstill: standstills
USAGE EXAMPLES
That autumn, equine flu brought US cities to a standstill.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
Lines of cars at a standstill, and, at the end, there’s me.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
That protection was codified in October 2006, after a wave of worker protests and wildcat strikes that summer brought garment production to a standstill.
Slate(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 停顿; 停止，停滞
adj. 停顿的，停滞的; 引起停顿的; 造成停滞的
分布：停顿(100%)
→stand,站立，still,停止，静止。
noun only singular
■a condition in which all movement or activity has stopped 静止；停顿；停滞
• The runaway bus eventually came to a standstill when it rolled into a muddy field. 失控的大巴士驶入了泥泞的田里，最后停了下来。
• Fighting and shortages have brought normal life to a virtual standstill in the city. 战火和物资短缺使这座城市的日常生活濒临瘫痪。
n. 停顿；停止
 - stop, stay

Word: swipe
Front: swipe
[swaɪp] (宝 13529/20295 -1)
Back: n. 重击; 尖锐的评论; 柄，握杆
vt. 重击; 刷（磁卡）; 偷窃
vi. 猛打
时态：swiped, swiping, swipes
分布：猛打(53%)，重击(47%)
→可能来自 sweep 拼写变体，引申词义重击，猛打，以及刷磁卡，刷信用卡等。
【记】s死，wipe（v 擦）：想要把你用布擦死，需要大幅度的猛擦－猛击
verb
HIT 击打
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to hit or try to hit something, especially with a sideways movement 击打，尤指抡起（物体）猛打
• She opened the window and swiped at the flies with a rolled-up newspaper to make them go out. 她打开窗户，挥舞着卷起的报纸猛打一通，想把苍蝇赶出去。
• She swiped him round the head. 她挥手打他的头。
• mainly US The car swiped the garage door as he pulled out. 他把车开出去时，撞上了车库的大门。
⇒ See also sideswipe
[swaɪp] verb
STEAL 偷
transitive informal
■to steal 偷窃，盗窃
• Okay, who's swiped my keys? 好吧！是谁偷了我的锁匙？
[swaɪp] verb
MOVE 移动
transitive
■to move a card containing information stored on a magnetic strip through a device that reads this information 刷（卡）
[swaɪp] noun
CRITICISM 批评
countable usually singular
■a criticism of someone or something, or an attempt to damage or annoy them 批评，打击
• In a recent interview, she takes a swipe at the theatre management. 在最近的一次采访中，她批评了剧院的管理。
[swaɪp] noun
HIT 击打
countable
■an act of hitting or trying to hit someone or something 挥击；抡打
• Edwin took a swipe at the ball and missed. 埃德温挥臂击球，却挥棒落空。
vt. 猛击；偷窃；刷…卡
 - steal, jab at
n. 猛击；尖刻的话
 - crasher, devel
vi. 猛打；大口喝酒
 - hit out, pound on

Word: superb
Front: superb
[su:ˈpɜ:b] (高研六托雅宝 6911/3385 -3)
Vocabulary: superb
(once / 491 pages)
adj
The movie far surpassed expectations. It was superb. That 5-star hotel? Also superb. Anything that goes beyond being great can be called superb.
Start by noticing that superb contains super, and you're more than halfway to remembering its meaning. The only real difference between super and superb (besides the letter "b") is that something superb is surprisingly or especially excellent. A taco that tastes great might be super. But if it's among the very best tacos you've ever eaten, it's superb. Dinner tonight? Super! How was dinner? It was superb!
WORD FAMILY
superb: superber, superbest, superbly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But throwing 23 touchdown passes and only four interceptions is superb.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
It was a superb sail for the Volvo 70, which finished inside the 2012 race record by nearly three hours.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
The golf is typically top notch, great players on a superb golf course.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 极好的; 华丽的; 丰盛的，豪华的; 杰出的
分布：极好的(100%)
→来自拉丁语 superbus,卓越的，壮观的，等同于 super,在上，超过，be,存在，成为。
a.堂堂的,华丽的,极好的;壮丽的,超等This play is a superb job.这出戏是一部出色的作品.
US [-'pɝ:b] adjective
 IMPROVER
■of excellent quality; very great 极好的，超级的，杰出的
• He is a superb dancer. 他是一个杰出的舞蹈家。
• Taylor scored a superb goal at the end of the first half. 泰勒在上半场要结束的时候攻入了一个极为精彩的进球。
magnificent, gorgeous, glorious, superb, splendid
这组词都有“华丽的，宏传的，辉煌的”的意思，其区别是：
magnificent: 侧重指建筑物、宝石等的华丽堂皇。
gorgeous: 指色彩的富丽和豪华，有时含炫耀和卖弄意味。
glorious: 指光芒四射的绚丽，也指值得称倾、赞美或扬名的壮丽辉煌。
superb: 指壮丽辉煌、宏伟等的极点。
splendid: 侧重指给观察者留下壮丽辉煌或灿烂夺目的印象。
adj. 极好的；华丽的；宏伟的
 - wonderful, excellent, famous, grand, great

Word: shudder
Front: shudder
[ˈʃʌdə(r)] (宝 7900/6762 -1)
Vocabulary: shudder
(once / 272 pages)
vn
A shudder is an involuntary vibration, usually in your body, or the shaking itself. A cold breeze or an unpleasant memory might make you shudder.
A shudder isn't always a bad thing. It can mean a pleasurable sensation or tingle that goes through your body, like a shudder of excitement you feel when you see your favorite star on the street. As a verb, shudder means to shake and shiver. Being really cold or seeing something that scares you — a ghost! — can make you shudder. The phrase "shudder to think" means just the thought of something upsets you enough to shudder.
WORD FAMILY
shudder: shuddered, shuddering, shudders, shuddery+/shuddering: shudderingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s the quintessential American mall, once flush with people, now scraping along as national retailers shudder.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
“They threatened execution many times,” Mr. Garratt said with a shudder.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
I shuddered at the same photos that chilled the victims’ families.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Back: vt. & vi. 战栗; 发抖; 震动; 颤动
n. 颤动，打颤; 战栗
时态：shuddered, shuddering, shudders
分布：战栗(51%)，发抖(43%)，震颤(6%)
→来自中古低地德语 schoderen,颤抖，摇晃，来自 Proto-Germanic*skuth,摇晃，晃动，可能来 自 skek,摇晃，词源同 shake.-er,表反复。拼写比较 red,rouge.
【记】读：杀得－此人杀得，那人就会颤栗
US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to shake suddenly with very small movements because of a very unpleasant thought or feeling （因有令人不快的想法或感觉而）战栗，发抖
• The sight of so much blood made him shudder. 看到那么多的血，他不禁浑身颤抖。
• She shuddered at the thought of kissing him. 她一想到亲吻他就禁不住发抖。
 ADVANCED
■When something shudders, it shakes violently and quickly 剧烈震动
• I heard a massive explosion and the ground shuddered beneath me. 我听到一声巨大的爆炸声，脚下的地面随之剧烈震动。
• There was a screech of brakes and the bus shuddered to a halt (= shook violently and stopped). 伴随着一声尖厉的急煞车声，公车剧烈地晃动着停了下来。
UK ['ʃʌd.ər] US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
I shudder to think
■said when you are worried about something unpleasant that might happen or might have happened 我一想到…就惴惴不安，我真不敢想
• I shudder to think what my parents will say when I tell them I've failed my exams. 我真不敢想如果告诉父母自己没有通过考试他们会怎么说。
UK ['ʃʌd.ər] US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
shudder to a halt
■If a system shudders to a halt, it suddenly stops working （系统）突然失灵
• The economy has shuddered to a halt because of the civil war. 内战使经济一下子陷入停滞。
UK ['ʃʌd.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
■when someone or something shudders 发抖，战栗
• He gave a slight shudder as he considered how near he had come to death. 想到自己曾与死神那么接近，他禁不住微微发抖。
• She recalled with a shudder how her boss had once tried to kiss her. 她回想起她的老板如何试图强吻她时，不禁浑身颤抖。
• figurative Britain's second biggest supermarket chain has sent a shudder through (= has had a strong effect on) its rivals by slashing its prices. 英国的第二大连锁超市透过大幅降价给对手造成极大的震撼。
UK ['ʃʌd.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
send shudders /a shudder down your spine
■to cause you to feel extremely worried or frightened 使（某人）不寒而栗
• When I think of what might have happened in the accident, it sends shudders down my spine. 想到当时事故中可能出现的状况，我就不寒而栗。
tremble, shudder, quiver, shake, vibrate, shiver
这组词都有“震动，颤抖”的意思，其区别是：
tremble: 指由于寒冷、虚弱、愤怒或恐惧等而发抖、战栗。
shudder: 着重指由于恐惧、震惊等而引起的全身突然而强烈地战栗。
quiver: 多用于指事物。指物体像乐器的弦一般地轻微而急速地颤动。
shake: 最普通用词，含义广。指人或物不自主地颤动、摇摆，常侧重剧烈和无规律。
vibrate: 指急速地连续震动，也指钟摆等的来回摆动。
shiver: 指因寒冷或情绪突变而出现的短时间的轻微和快速的颤抖。
n. 发抖；战栗；震动
 - shock, shaking
vi. 发抖；战栗
 - shake, tremble

Word: unload
Front: unload
[ˌʌnˈləʊd] (研四六托 7160/7637 -K1)
Vocabulary: unload
(once / 1196 pages)
v
To unload is to remove cargo from a vehicle or shipping carton. Unload can also mean to discharge or get rid of something, or to get something off your chest.
A clothing store might unload (remove) a hundred cartons from the delivery truck, and then unload (unpack) shirts and pants from the cartons. If a carton of clothes is imperfect, the store might send them back or unload (dispossess themselves of) them by selling them cheaply to a factory-seconds outlet. Then the store manager, depending on her mood, might unload on (give a tongue-lashing to) the manufacturer for shipping shoddy products.
WORD FAMILY
unload: unloaded, unloading, unloads+/ load: loaded, loader, loading, loads, overload, reload, superload, unload /loader: loaders, self-loader/loading: loadings, self-loading/ overload: overloaded, overloading, overloads/reload: reloaded, reloading, reloads/unloading: unloadings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The area that was targeted on Saturday is packed with wholesale markets and usually teeming with daily labourers unloading vans and wheeling carts around.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Simply recognizing when a seller is desperate to unload, at almost any price.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
In one case, officers forced the company to buy fructose it didn’t need because they wanted to unload merchandise he suspected was ill-gotten.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 卸货; 去除负担; 倾吐; 处理，倾销
vi. 卸下货物或其它负担; 退子弹; [商]抛售（证券）
时态：unloaded, unloading, unloads
分布：卸下(45%)，卸货(42%)，摆脱负担(4%)，卸下货物(3%)，退出（弹药(2%)，胶片等）(2%)，摆脱 ... 之负担(2%)
vi.卸货;退子弹vt.摆脱...之负担;倾销The reproached coach unloaded the loaves to the approachable roadside.遭到责备的教练把面包卸到可接近的路旁.
US [-'loʊd] verb
REMOVE 移除
intransitive or transitive
■to remove the contents of something, especially a load of goods from a vehicle, the bullets from a gun or the film from a camera 除去（内容物）；（尤指）卸（货）；从（枪）中退出子弹；从（相机）中取出胶卷
• We watched a ship unloading (sacks of flour). 我们观看了一艘货轮卸货（我们看着一袋袋面粉从货轮上卸下来）。
UK [ʌn'ləʊd] US [-'loʊd] verb
TELL 告诉
intransitive or transitive informal
■to tell someone about your problems, the things that worry you, etc 倾诉，吐露
• I'm afraid I've been unloading my worries on poor Ann here. 恐怕我是把自己的担忧都一股脑儿倾倒给可怜的安了。
intransitive US informal
■to express strong emotions such as anger freely to another person 发泄
vt. 卸；摆脱…之负担；倾销
 - debark
vi. 卸货；退子弹
 - discharge of goods, load off

Word: trophy
Front: trophy
[ˈtrəʊfi] (宝 5448/4211 -2)
Vocabulary: trophy
(once / 719 pages)
n
A trophy is a prize given for winning a competition. Often made of metal (or plastic meant to look like metal), a trophy may not have much monetary value, but the pride it gives the person who receives it can be priceless.
Trophy comes from the Greek word tropē, meaning "a turning, defeat of the enemy." It later came to mean "a monument of victory," which it still celebrates today. Think of the overjoyed actor who holds his Oscar — a trophy — in the air during his acceptance speech, or a team of eight year old soccer players who, in their group photo, hold their trophies in one hand while raising the index finger of their other hand, meaning "We're number one!"
WORD FAMILY
trophy: trophies
USAGE EXAMPLES
An hour after the game, after the trophy ceremony, the senior was still in defensive-back mode.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“It’s not just always about the big trophy for this,” Hostetler said about the competitions.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Rookie Derrick Henry, the 2015 Heisman Trophy winner, got the bulk of the workload late with 15 carries for 65 yards and a touchdown.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 纪念品，战利品; 奖品，奖杯（牌）; 胜利纪念柱; 战利品雕饰
adj. 显示身份或地位的; 提高身价的; 有威望的
分布：战利品(53%)，奖品(37%)，有威望的(5%)，显示身份的(5%)
→来自拉丁语 trophaeum,胜利标志，纪念碑，纪念品，来自希腊语 trope,溃败，打败，战争的 转折，来自 trep,转，来自 ter,转，词源同 turn,trope.后引申词义战利品，奖品等。
奖品,胜利纪念品(经过轮番努力[turnagainandagain]而得到的东西)[trop=vturn,表示"转"]
【记】源于：triumph（n /v 胜利；成功）
【区】atrophy（n 萎缩）因为没有a奖品trophy。
US [troʊ-] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a prize, such as a gold or silver cup, which is given to the winner of a competition or race, and often returned after a year to be given to the winner of the competition in the following year 奖，（流动）奖杯
• He's an excellent snooker player, but he's never won a major trophy. 他是个出色的撞球选手，但从未赢得过任何一项重要比赛的冠军。
• The Duchess of Kent will be presenting the trophies. 肯特公爵夫人将颁奖。
■something used as a symbol of success from hunting or war 战利品；猎获物；胜利纪念品
• That stuffed pike above the fireplace is Pat's trophy from a fishing holiday. 壁炉上那个制成标本的狗鱼是派特钓鱼渡假时带回的纪念品。
n. 奖品；战利品；纪念品
 - prize, award, capture

Word: wheeze
Front: wheeze
[wi:z] (14426/20029 -1)
Back: vi. 喘息; 发出呼哧呼哧的喘息声
vt. 喘息着说; 喘息地发出
n. 喝哧喝哧喘息声; 演员自己插入的台词; （一般）笑话，俏皮话; 巧妙的主意[办法]
时态：wheezed, wheezing, wheezes
分布：喘息(67%)，呼哧呼哧地响(25%)，喘息声(8%)
→拟声词。
verb intransitive
■to make a high, rough noise while breathing because of some breathing difficulty （因呼吸困难而）发出粗重的呼吸声，喘息，发出呼哧呼哧声
• I could hear the old man behind me wheezing. 我能听到身后的老人呼哧呼哧的喘气声。
• I know when I've been smoking too much because I start to wheeze when I run for a train. 我知道自己抽烟太多，因为我在跑着赶火车时开始会喘了。
[wi:z] noun countable
PLAN 计划 UK old-fashioned informal
■a clever and often unusual idea or plan, especially one which is intended to achieve a profit or some other advantage （尤指为获利而想出的）巧计，计谋
• As a part of their latest marketing wheeze they've planted fifty-pound notes in a number of the crisp packets. 作为最新的市场行销手段的一部分，他们将50英镑的钞票放进了一些炸薯片的包装里。
• So the public actually pay to feed the animals in the zoo? That seems like a good wheeze. 那么人们实际上是花钱来喂动物园里的动物？这听起来像个好主意。
• I've had a wheeze - why don't we put both kids in the small room and that will leave the back room free. 我有个主意——为甚么不把两个孩子放在那间小一点的屋子里，这样后面的屋子就可以空出来了。
[wi:z] noun countable
BREATH 呼吸
■a high, rough noise made when someone cannot breathe easily （因呼吸困难而）发出粗重的呼吸声，喘息，发出呼哧呼哧声
• The cough, wheeze and shortness of breath are things that go with smoking, not with age. 咳嗽、气喘和气短不是因为上了年纪，而是因为吸烟引起的。
vi. 喘息；呼哧呼哧地响
 - catch one's breath, pant
n. 喘息；喘气声
 - hyperpnea

Word: witty
Front: witty
[ˈwɪti] (六托 9923/9910 -2)
Vocabulary: witty
(once / 762 pages)
adj
A witty remark is clever and funny and timed just right. When you make such a remark, you are also considered to be witty.
The adjective witty can be used to describe those quick little funny remarks that often demonstrate a sharp, biting humor delivered in a playful manner. Witty usually describes things that are off-the-cuff amusing, rather than remarks that are elaborate or carefully planned in advance. This adjective is usually used in a complimentary way, but, like its cousin clever, it can be used sarcastically, as when someone who doesn't appreciate your one-liners says, "Well, aren't we witty today."
WORD FAMILY
witty: wittier, wittiest, wittily, wittiness+/ wit: witless, wits, witticism, witty / witless: witlessly/ witticism: witticisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
He is bright and witty and I couldn’t be more proud of him.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
She definitely thinks I’m a very funny and witty guy.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Williams is famous for her short stories, which are full of strange, witty, fabulous, and often eccentric turns of phrase.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 诙谐的; 机智的; 会说俏皮话的; 聪明的
级别：wittier, wittiest
分布：诙谐的(58%)，机智的(42%)
US ['wɪtˌ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■using words in a clever and funny way 风趣的，诙谐的
• a witty comment/remark 风趣的评论／话语
• He was witty and very charming. 他既风趣又很有魅力。
comic, witty, funny, humorous
这组词都有“使人高兴的，令人发笑的”的意思，其区别是：
comic: 指像喜剧一样滑稽可笑。
witty: 强调机智而饶有风趣。
funny: 非正式用词，通常侧重因古怪、奇特或不合适宜的举动等引起的发笑。
humorous: 指富有幽默感、诙谐、引人发笑的。
adj. 诙谐的；富于机智的
 - humorous, jocose

Word: distaste
Front: distaste
[dɪsˈteɪst] (13721/10103 -1)
Vocabulary: distaste
(once / 2360 pages)
n
When you're disgusted by something, or simply dislike it, you have a distaste for it. You might have such a distaste for the smell of meat cooking that you only go to vegetarian restaurants.
Some people have a distaste for living in the suburbs, while others feel distaste at the thought of living packed into a large city with millions of other people. You might have a distaste for the sport of boxing, while your boxing-loving cousin's distaste is for ice dancing and synchronized swimming. When something's just not your taste — you don't care for it — you can say you have a distaste for it.
WORD FAMILY
distaste: distastes+/ distasteful: distastefully, distastefulness/foretaste: foretastes/taste: distaste, foretaste, tasted, tasteful, tasteless, taster, tastes, tasting, tasty /tasted: untasted/tasteful: distasteful, tastefully, tastefulness/tasteless: tastelessly, tastelessness/taster: tasters/tasting: tastings/ tasty: tastier, tastiest, tastily, tastiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Third-party candidates attracted more attention this year as factions of both major political parties expressed distaste for Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The one exception: the mountain states, where growing Hispanic populations and Mormon distaste for Trump provided some of the sharpest swings for the Democrats.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
While some leaders of the alt-right reject some of those terms, they are generally unabashed in their distaste for multiculturalism.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 厌恶; 讨厌
vt. 厌恶; 不喜欢
vi. 不喜欢
分布：厌恶(66%)，不喜欢(30%)，触怒(2%)，使不快(2%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。taste, 口味。
noun uncountable
■a dislike of something which you find unpleasant or unacceptable 厌恶，讨厌，不喜欢
• His distaste for publicity of any sort is well known. 众所周知，他不喜欢任何形式的宣传。
• She looked at the advertisement with distaste before walking quickly on. 她厌恶地看了看那个广告，然后快步走开了。
n. 厌恶；讨厌
 - aversion, abomination
vt. 厌恶；不喜欢
 - hate, detest
vi. 不喜欢
 - have a dislike of, have no relish for

Word: dangle
Front: dangle
[ˈdæŋgl] (托宝 5695/7934 -1)
Vocabulary: dangle
(once / 938 pages)
v
Dangle means to hang or swing loosely. If you dangle string above a kitten you will both be entertained.
The verb dangle probably comes from a late 16th century Danish or Swedish word meaning “loose or pendulous,” though we don’t know for sure. You may have a taste for big, showy earrings that dangle. Or, you might even dangle a possibility — "If you were to dangle the prospect of dessert to a child, then you better follow through!"
WORD FAMILY
dangle: dangled, dangles, dangling+/dangling: danglings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Flowers with wooden frames dangled from the front wall of another space.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
So, studios dangle receptions and Q. and A.s with movie stars as bait.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
There is also a “dream catcher” of sorts: two intersecting wire circles, from which several bronze fingers dangle.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vi. 悬荡，垂着摆动; 尾随，追逐
vt. 使摇晃地挂着或摆荡; 悬而未定
时态：dangled, dangling, dangles
分布：追求(34%)，摇摆(30%)，挂着(11%)，摇晃(11%)，悬垂(7%)，摇摆物(7%)
→可能来自拟声词，摇摇晃晃的声音。
【记】读：蛋糕－我拿着蛋糕晃来晃去地吊你的胃口。Dang荡，le乐：一年轻美貌的女子再秋千上一边乐，一边荡来荡去的：吊你的胃口！
【参】tantalize（vt 逗弄；使…干着急）
verb
intransitive or transitive
■to hang loosely, or to hold something so that it hangs loosely （使）垂下；（使）悬着，悬挂；把…吊起来
• Loose electric wires were dangling from the wall. 松散的电线从墙上垂下来。
• He dangled the puppet in front of the children. 他在孩子们面前玩木偶。
transitive
■to offer someone something that they want in order to persuade them to do something （为了说服某人去做某事而）用…作为承诺，答应用…作为回报
• I've tried dangling all sorts of offers before him/ in front of him to get him to work harder at school, but nothing works. 为了让他学习用心点，我曾试过种种承诺，可是根本不起任何作用。

Word: cloak
Front: cloak
[kləʊk] (研四六 8441/6563 -1)
Vocabulary: cloak
(once / 254 pages)
nv
A cloak is anything that conceals or hides something, like an over-sized, dark raincoat you wear when you don't want your friends to see you're going to the movies without them.
As a noun, a cloak is usually a loose piece of clothing that you wear over your other clothes, like a cape or a gown. It especially refers to an outer garment that you might wear while traveling in order to protect your outfit or to conceal your identity. As a verb, to cloak is to conceal or hide something. If you were a famous person who wanted to go out alone, you might cloak your identity with a cloak.
WORD FAMILY
cloak: cloaked, cloaking, cloaks, uncloak+/uncloak: uncloaked, uncloaking, uncloaks
USAGE EXAMPLES
The whole process was slightly cloak and dagger but the non-retail nature only added to the allure of the sale.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
These images are by turn — and sometimes all at once — bold, unflinching, poetic, familiar, cloaked, direct, joyful, defiant, mischievous and suspicious.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
At the beginning of December, Paris was hit by some of the worst air pollution in a decade, leaving the Eiffel Tower cloaked in smog.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 披风，斗篷; 外套; 借口，掩饰; 覆盖物
vt. 遮盖，掩盖; 用外衣遮蔽
时态：cloaked, cloaking, cloaks
分布：隐匿(27%)，宽大外衣(22%)，遮掩(22%)，斗蓬(22%)，掩盖物(7%)
→来自clock,因形似钟而得名。
n.斗蓬,披风;掩饰,幌子vt.掩盖,掩饰Cousin saw a group of couples in cloaks soak their souls in the soapy soup.表哥看见一群穿着斗篷的夫妇在肥皂汤里浸泡灵魂.
US [kloʊk] noun
PIECE OF CLOTHING 衣服
countable
■a loose outer piece of clothing without sleeves, which fastens at the neck, and is worn instead of a coat 斗篷，披风
UK [kləʊk] US [kloʊk] noun
HIDE 隐藏
[S or U]
■something which hides, covers or keeps something else secret 遮掩物；伪装；掩盖
• The restaurant he owned was just a cloak for (= hid) his drug-dealing activities. 他开那家餐馆不过是为他从事毒品交易作掩护。
• They left the house under cloak of darkness. 他们趁着天黑离开了那所房子。
UK [kləʊk] US [kloʊk] verb transitive
■to cover or hide something 掩藏，掩盖
• He has always kept his love affairs cloaked in secrecy (= kept them secret). 他总是隐瞒他的风流韵事。
• The river is often cloaked in mist in the early morning. 清晨，这条河上常常是雾霭弥漫。
cloak, mask, disguise
这组词都有“伪装”的意思，其区别是：
cloak: 指采取伪装来掩盖或隐藏真实面目或本性或企图。
mask: 本义为“面罩”，引申“掩饰”解时，指掩饰某物的真实性质或存在的伪装。
disguise: 指改变装束或外表以掩饰自己的真面目或冒充他人。有时仅指掩饰感情、动机或意图。
n. 斗蓬；宽大外衣；托词
 - subterfuge, cloke
vt. 遮掩；隐匿
 - overcurtain, obscure

Word: fissile
Front: fissile
[ˈfɪsaɪl] (宝 25437/45471)
Back: adj. 可进行核裂变的; 易裂的，可裂的
分布：可裂变的(50%)，易分裂的(50%)
→来自bheid, 劈开，裂开，词源同bite, boat.
易分裂的[fiss=split(分裂)]
【记】fissi分裂，裂变，ile能－易分裂的被missile（n 导弹）击中，就会fissile
【参】fissure（n 分歧；裂缝）；fissiparous（adj 有分裂能力的）；fission（n 裂开；分裂）
US [-əl] specialized
adjective
■(of rock) capable of being divided easily into pieces 易裂的；易分开的（岩石）
• Because of its layered structure, mica is fissile. 云母是分层结构的，所以它很容易裂开。
■(of atoms) capable of nuclear fission （原子）可进行核裂变的
• An amount of fissile material went missing as a result of the accident. 一些可裂变物质因为意外事故丢失了。
adj. [生物] 分裂性的； [地质] 易分裂的
 - disruptive

Word: gild
Front: gild
[gɪld] (托宝 23519/21874 -1)
Vocabulary: gild
(once / 507 pages)
1n 2v
To gild something is to cover it with gold. You gild an object in order to decorate it — or just to show off your wealth.
From forks to picture frames, gilding can make objects seem ritzy, glamorous, and more valuable. However, some things in life just don’t need a coat of gold. If someone says you are “gilding the lily,” they mean that you are trying to improve on something that is already perfect.
WORD FAMILY
gild: gilded, gilder, gilding, gilds+/gilder: gilders/gilding: gildings
USAGE EXAMPLES
They appeared on a giant rooster statue, just above some three-toed feet and a blood-red wattle that hangs below a gilded nose and mouth.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
And in still another, a king’s daughter is said to be “as blond as lily pollen and the slightly gilded silver of ancient altar vases.”
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
For reasons I fear are obvious, books from and about America’s original Gilded Age seem newly compelling.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 镀金，给…贴上金箔; 修饰，虚饰; 使阔气，使有钱; 使光彩夺目
n. 协会，行会（同guild）; 同业公会; [植]依赖植物集团
时态：gilded, gilding, gilds
分布：镀金(49%)，虚饰(34%)，协会(17%)
→来自gold的动词形式。
【记】源于：gold（n 黄金；金色）
【反】represent accurately（精确地表达）
verb transitive
■to cover a surface with a thin layer of gold or a substance that looks like gold 给…镀金；给…涂上金色
■literary
■to cover the surface of something with bright gold light （光）把…染成金色
• Sunlight gilded the children's faces. 孩子们的脸庞在阳光下闪闪生辉。
[gɪld] verb transitive
gild the lily disapproving
■to improve or decorate something which is already perfect and therefore spoil it 画蛇添足；多此一举
• Should I add a scarf to this jacket or would it be gilding the lily? 穿上这件外套，我再配条围巾好吗？不会显得画蛇添足吧？
vt. 镀金；虚饰；供给钱
 - gold-plate, engild

Word: electronically
Front: electronically
[ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪkli] (10188/14715)
Back: adv. 电子地
分布：电子地(75%)，通过电子手段(25%)
ADJ
电子的
An electronic device has transistors or silicon chips which control and change the electric current passing through the device.
例：...expensive electronic equipment.昂贵的电子设备
ADJ
电子化的;使用电子装置的
An electronic process or activity involves the use of electronic devices.
例：...electronic surveillance.电子监控
例：...electronic music.电子音乐

Word: kin
Front: kin
[ kɪn] (研六雅宝 7340/6569 -1)
Vocabulary: kin
(once / 377 pages)
nadj
Some say kin, others "family," or "relatives." Call them what you will, but you’re stuck with those people related to you by blood or marriage.
When someone refers to their kith and kin, she means her friends and family. Both words date back to Old English, kin reaching back to the 700s. Originally referring to one’s family or race, kin narrowed to refer just to one’s blood relations. Your "next of kin" is your closest family member: spouse, child, parent, or sibling.
WORD FAMILY
kin: kiner, kins, kinship +/ kinship: kinships
USAGE EXAMPLES
The name of the man was being withheld pending notification of next of kin.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A spokesman said: "We are still trying to contact the next of kin."
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
But to properly return their remains to next of kin, someone must determine who they were.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: [地名] [日本] 金武; [地名] [缅甸] 金镇
分布：亲属(61%)，家族(26%)，同类的(11%)，亲属关系的(2%)
→来自古英语cynn,家族，民族，种族，来自Proto-Germanic*kunjam,家族，来自gene,生育，出生，词源同gene,generate.引申词义亲属，亲戚。
n.家族,亲属,血缘关系a.亲属关系的,同类的What kin is he to you?他和你是什么关系?
【记】源于：king国王有很多kin
【参】kinship（n 血族关系）
[kɪn] old-fashioned
plural noun
■family and relations 家属；亲属；亲戚
next of kin formal
■your closest relation or relations 直系亲属；最近的亲属
• We can't release his name until we have informed his next of kin. 在通知他的直系亲属前，我们不能透露他的名字。
n. 亲戚；家族；同族
 - relative, family
adj. 同类的；有亲属关系的；性质类似的
 - congeneric, akin

Word: hydropower
Front: hydropower
['haɪdrəʊˌpaʊə] (23176/-)
Back: n. 水力发出的电力; 水电
分布：水力发电(100%)
水力发电(hydro+power电力)[hydy,hydro=water,表示"水"]
US [-roʊ.paʊr] noun uncountable
■the production of electricity by the force of fast moving water; hydroelectric power 水力发电

Word: hearten
Front: hearten
[ˈhɑ:tn] (宝 20744/20104 -1)
Vocabulary: hearten
(once / 1099 pages)
v
Things that hearten you cheer you up. A welcome home party will hearten even the weariest traveler.
You might buy flowers for your grandmother to hearten her after a difficult week, or hearten a shy tap dancer with applause after his routine. Things that encourage or inspire, whether it's the sight of your dog waiting for you outside school or another person's success, can also be said to hearten. The figurative meaning of heart — as in "losing heart" or having a "change of heart" — is at the root of hearten, from the Old English heorte, "heart, soul, or spirit."
WORD FAMILY
hearten: dishearten, heartened, heartening, heartens+/ dishearten: disheartened, disheartening, disheartenment, disheartens/ disheartened: disheartenedly/disheartening: dishearteningly/disheartenment: disheartenments/ heartening: hearteningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Manning says she was heartened by supportive emails and letters after the article ran.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Otherwise I am heartened to see someone fully endorse altruism.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
Boxer, who will leave her Senate post in January, called such reports “heartening.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 鼓励，使振作; 振奋，鼓舞; 振作起来
vi. 振作
时态：heartened, heartening, heartens
分布：鼓励(46%)，振作(32%)，激励(22%)
→heart,心，心脏，-en,使。比喻用法。
【反】dismay（v /n （使）沮丧，惊慌）
US ['hɑ:r.tˌən] verb transitive
■to make someone feel happier and more positive about a situation 鼓励，使振作
• Anti-government protesters have been heartened by recent government promises of free and fair elections. 政府最近承诺的自由公正的选举鼓舞了反政府示威者。
Opposite dishearten
vt. 激励；鼓励；使振作
 - stimulate, power, uphold
vi. 振作
 - stir oneself, nerve oneself

Word: heath
Front: heath
[hi:θ] (24195/5621 -1)
Vocabulary: heath
(once / 685 pages)
n
Heath is open land with low growing grasses and plants. If you travel to England, you can drive out in the countryside to see the heath that you've read about in novels.
An open, sandy field of low shrubs and scrubby plants like gorse and heather is called a heath. Another word for this kind of uncultivated countryside is moor. A particular evergreen shrub is also called a heath; it's a low-growing plant with purplish flowers that commonly grows on, you guessed it, a heath. The Old English root of heath is the word hǣth, which means "wasteland."
WORD FAMILY
heath: heathlike, heaths
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was married in that film to Heath Ledger, who became her real-life partner and the father of her daughter, Matilda Rose.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Heath was arrested after detectives interviewed him early Tuesday.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
He served as a trade minister under Edward Heath, and was also the vice-chairman of the Conservative Party.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 荒地，荒野; [植]石南; 杜鹃花科植物
分布：荒地(100%)
→来自kaito,森林，荒地。其原义可能为牛，词源同bovine,cow,即牛在野外吃草的地方。
noun countable
■an area of land that is not used for growing crops, where grass and other small plants grow, but where there are few trees or bushes 荒野
n. 石南，石南植物；荒野
 - wild, briar

Word: referee
Front: referee
[ˌrefəˈri:] (高研六雅宝 8516/4635 -2)
Vocabulary: referee
(once / 1233 pages)
1nv 2n 3nv
That guy on the field in black and white stripes? He's a referee, an official in a sport like football or basketball who enforces the rules.
In sports, referees are there to make sure the rules are followed and everyone gets a fair shake. This word works as both a noun and a verb: referees referee games. Off the court, the world is full of everyday referees. A court appointed lawyer who investigates and reports on a case is a referee. And academics who evaluate each other's work are referees. In all cases, referees get to make official calls on what's OK and not OK.
WORD FAMILY
referee: refereed, refereeing, referees+/ refer: referable, referee, reference, refering, referral, referred, referring, refers/ reference: referenced, references, referencing, referential / referral: referrals
USAGE EXAMPLES
"When the players are sprinting it is hard for the referees, I am the first to say that. "But the players were walking.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
It was a poor decision, a referee interfering needlessly, and indeed ruinously in the flow of a match.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
That 'moment' was swiftly ended by the alert refereeing of Bobby Madley.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 裁判员; 证明人; 公断人; （专业性强的文章的）审阅人
vi. 担任裁判
vt. 审阅，鉴定（专业性强的文章）; 为…当裁判; 仲裁判定
时态：refereed, refereeing, referees
分布：裁判(75%)，裁判员(17%)，仲裁(4%)，仲裁人(2%)，证明人(1%)，鉴定人(1%)
→来自 refer,查阅，参考。引申词义裁判。
裁判员(refer+ee表示人→被[双方]提出的人→裁判)[fer=bring,carry,表示"带来,拿来"]
【记】refer（v 参考；提到），ee人：参考意见的人－裁判
【参】reference（n 提及；参考书目）
noun countable
JUDGE 裁判
 IMPROVER
■a person who is in charge of a sports game and who makes certain that the rules are followed 裁判，裁判员
• Liverpool only lost the game because the referee was biased. 利物浦队输掉了比赛就是因为裁判员偏袒对手。
■a person or organization that helps to find a fair answer to a disagreement 仲裁人；调停人
• A senior judge is acting as referee in the pay dispute between the trade union and management. 在工会和资方间的工资纠纷中，一位资深法官在担任仲裁人。
[ˌref.ə'ri:] noun countable
SUPPORTER 支持者 (also reference) UK
■a person who knows you and who is willing to describe and, usually, praise you, in order to support you when you are trying to get a job, etc （通常指给予褒扬的）证明人，介绍人，推荐人
• She gave her college tutor as her referee to the interviewer. 她对面试她的人说，她的介绍人是其大学导师。
[ˌref.ə'ri:] verb intransitive or transitive
■to be a referee in a game 担任（比赛的）裁判
• They had to ask one of the spectators to referee (the match). 他们只可从观众中请出一人来担任（比赛的）裁判。
n. 裁判员；调解人；介绍人
 - judge, pacifier
vt. 为…当裁判；调停
 - go between, reconcile

Word: obese
Front: obese
[əʊˈbi:s] (六宝 10333/17324 -1)
Vocabulary: obese
(once / 1501 pages)
adj
Obese means excessively fat. In medical terms, it means you have a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more, at which point your body's excess fat begins to threaten your health.
In the last third of the 20th century and into the 21st, increasing numbers of Americans are obese, in what health professionals call "an obesity epidemic"; they attribute it to rising portion-sizes, increased consumption of processed food, the demise of family meals, and food marketing, among other factors.
WORD FAMILY
obese: obesely, obesity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Basically you sew together an obese mouse that is missing leptin with a slim mouse, surgically attaching their circulatory systems.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
And they are looking afresh at medical care for obese people.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
It's possible, food historian Mosby says, to be both obese and malnourished.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 极为肥胖的，肥大的
分布：极肥胖的(100%)
→ob-,在上，表强调，-es,吃，词源同edible,eat.即吃多了，引申词义肥胖的。
肥胖的[obes=fat(肥)]
【记】读：我必死，因为太太太胖了!!!
US [oʊ-] adjective
■extremely fat 肥胖的；臃肿的
adj. 肥胖的，过胖的
 - round, fatty

Word: neve

Word: tenfold
Front: tenfold
[ˈtenfəʊld] (21930/33158)
Back: adv. & adj. 十倍地（的）
分布：十倍的(39%)，十重的(23%)，成十倍(23%)，成十重(15%)
adj. 十倍的；十重的
 - decuple
n. 十倍
 - decuple

Word: strew
Front: strew
[stru:] (宝 9997/11328)
Vocabulary: strew
(once / 614 pages)
v
When you strew something, you scatter it all over the place. At a wedding, for example, the flower child's job is to strew the path with petals.
One of the scariest parts of "The Wizard of Oz" is when the winged monkeys pounce on the Scarecrow and strew his insides all over the forest floor. It's a tricky word, because it sounds the same in the present as it does in the past. The monkeys strew the straw then and might strew it now: in any case, the straw will be strewn all over. After the clambake, the beach was strewn with empty shells and beer bottles. After strewing all that stuff, they forgot to clean up.
WORD FAMILY
strew: strewed, strewing, strewn, strews+/strewing: strewings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the back of the building, under hangers strewn with blouses, pants, wedding dresses and blankets, I talked with Amy and Mark about stains.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Finally, she reached St. George’s, doors gaping, rubble strewn across the floor, the altar charred black.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Like a pothead’s bedroom, though, the path to full legalisation is strewn with obstacles.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 撒在…上; 散落于; 点缀; 撒满
时态：strew, strewn, strewing, strews
分布：散播(43%)，点缀(36%)，撒满(21%)
→来自古英语 strewian,布满，散播，来自 Proto-Germanic*strawjana,散开，散播，来自 ster, 展开，伸出，词源同 straw,stratum,structure.
【区】stew（v 炖）读：死丢－丢进去就会死，因为是小火炖。Strew读：死住－死人住的地方四处散播者臭气。
[stru:] (strewed, strewn or strewed)
verb transitive
■to spread things untidily over a surface, or to be spread untidily over a surface 撒，散布；（在…上）布满，撒满
• They marked the end of the war by strewing flowers over the graves of 18 000 soldiers. 他们在1.8万名士兵的坟墓上撒满鲜花，以此纪念战争的结束。
• Wine bottles and dirty dishes were strewn across the lawn. 草坪上到处都是瓶子和脏盘子。
• Her clothes lay strewn on the floor. 她的衣服散落在地上，到处都是。
• The park was strewn with litter after the concert. 音乐会后公园里遍地都是垃圾。
vt. 散播；撒满
 - strow, bruit

Word: stewardship
Front: stewardship
[ˈstju:ədʃɪp] (11555/15294)
Vocabulary: stewardship
(once / 5826 pages)
n
Stewardship means the management or care of something, particularly the kind that works. If your company is making money, there’s probably been careful stewardship — or, a lot of luck.
The sphere or responsibility of a steward (as in a manager or administrator), stewardship is often used to mean "the care, handling and management of resources." Your school requires stewardship to make sure its supplies aren’t stretched. Your clean water may be thanks to the stewardship of an environmental office. Though there is a steward on a ship to handle food and supplies, the ship in stewardship is not a seagoing vessel; it's just a suffix.
WORD FAMILY
stewardship: stewardships+/ steward: stewards, stewardship
USAGE EXAMPLES
But whatever you think of his stewardship of the nation, he deserves our thanks.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Manufacturers of pharmaceutical products must establish a convenient, state-approved collection plan for unwanted prescription drugs, either on their own or through a stewardship organization.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The team dropped two places in his stewardship, into the relegation zone.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 管事人之职位及职责; 管理工作
分布：管理员、服务员等的职位和职责(100%)
→steward,管家，监工，-ship,名词后缀。
US ['stu:.ɚd-] noun uncountable
■Someone's stewardship of something is the way in which that person controls or organizes it 管理方法；组织方式
• The company has been very successful while it has been under the stewardship of Mr White. 这家公司在怀特先生的管理下，营业状况非常好。
n. 管理工作；管事人的职位及职责
 - staffwork, handling operation

Word: zinc
Front: zinc
[zɪŋk] (研六托 10443/10458 -2)
Back: n. [化]锌
vt. 镀锌于…; 在…上镀锌
时态：zinced, zincing, zincs
→来自德语Zinke,来自edont,齿，词源同dental,tooth,orthodontics,因这种元素融化后呈齿状的结晶体而得名。
n.锌The extinct exotic bird's feather contains zinc.那种已绝迹的珍奇的鸟的羽毛中含锌.
noun uncountable
■a bluish white metal that is used in making other metals or for covering other metals to protect them 锌

Word: anathema
Front: anathema
[əˈnæθəmə] (宝 16986/14587 -1)
Vocabulary: anathema
(once / 2495 pages)
n
Something that one absolutely and positively cannot stand is anathema. Garlic is anathema to vampires (ditto for stakes and daylight). So is kryptonite to Superman or a silver bullet to a werewolf.
Originally the term anathema comes from the Catholic practice of denouncing a particular individual or idea that was antithetical to the Catholic Church. If done to a person, it excommunicated them, meaning they could no longer partake in the church's sacraments (with presumably pretty poor consequences for the soul.) That's a lot worse than kryptonite.
WORD FAMILY
anathema: anathemas, anathematise, anathematize, anathemise, anathemize+/anathematise: anathematisation, anathematised, anathematises, anathematising, anathematization/anathematization: anathematizations/ anathematize: anathematized, anathematizes, anathematizing/anathemize: anathemized, anathemizes
USAGE EXAMPLES
It used to be anathema for utilities to encourage customers to disconnect from the power grid.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Such an approach is anathema to most hedge funds, which rely on annual performance fees to compensate their highly paid — some would say overpaid — staffs.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
That college is seen as a training ground for a job is perceived by professors as anathema to their mission of broadly educating students.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 可憎的事物; 可恶的想法; 十分讨厌的人
分布：咒逐(40%)，革出教门(40%)，令人极其讨厌的事(20%)
→希腊前缀ana-这里表up，与on同源，词根the-表to put，后缀-ma表行为对象和结果。anathema本指将掠夺来的敌人的物品置于寺庙（或祭坛）之上来诅咒敌人厄运。历史上最出名的anathema是1054年导致基督教大分裂的东、西罗马帝国教会的相互开除教籍。
【记】1）原指：逐出教门（正式的宗教禁令、诅咒或逐出教门）2）ana错，them他们，a啊－他们错了啊－所以要诅咒他们3）ana反对，the神，ma妈：反对神的妈妈就会受到－诅咒
【反】panegyric（n 颂词）；blessing（n 祝福）
noun countable usually singular uncountable
■something which is strongly disliked or disapproved of 令人讨厌的事物
• Credit controls are anathema to the government. 信贷控制令政府极为反感。
• For older employees, the new system is an anathema. 对于年纪较大的职员来说，新制度就是眼中钉，肉中刺。
n. 诅咒；革出教门；被诅咒者；令人厌恶的人
 - curse, malison

Word: tutor
Front: tutor
[ˈtju:tə(r)] (高研四六托雅宝 9093/3839 -2)
Vocabulary: tutor
(once / 478 pages)
nv
A tutor is someone who gives private instruction: tutors teach one-on-one.
If you ever helped someone learn something, you could say you tutored them. "Tutor" is also the title of someone who works with students one-on-one. There are writing tutors, music tutors, math tutors, and history tutors. You can find a tutor for just about anything you'd like to learn. Tutoring also sometimes means being the guardian for someone. In all cases, tutors tend to be helpful to their tutees: the people they tutor.
WORD FAMILY
tutor: tutelage, tutored, tutorial, tutoring, tutors, tutorship+/tutored: untutored/ tutorial: tutorials/tutorship: tutorships
USAGE EXAMPLES
The engraver didn’t tutor her directly but after some trial and error, she cut her preliminary lines and circles at his bench.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Through the Learning Fund, student tutors offer help with a variety of middle and high school subjects, including foreign language, math, English and other topics.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Tutors accompany the student athletes to help them keep up with their academics.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 家庭教师; 导师; （大专院校的）助教; 课本
vt. & vi. 当家庭教师; 任大学导师; 任课
时态：tutored, tutoring, tutors
分布：导师(59%)，家庭教师(26%)，指导(12%)，当家庭教师(2%)，当导师(1%)
→来自拉丁语 tutor,保护者，看护者，过去分词形式施动格于 tueri,保护，看护，来自 ste,*sta, 站立，词源同 stand,institute.引申词义教师，导师等。
保护人,导师[tut,tuit=protect,表示"保护"]
n.导师;家庭教师v.辅导;当导师;当家庭教师In the suitcase, the guitar tutor found the tuition by intuition.在小提箱里,吉他导师以直觉发现学费.
【记】tut辅导，or人：家教
【参】tutelage（n 监护；辅导）；tutelary（n 守护神；守护的）
US ['tu:.ɚ] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a teacher who works with one student or a small group, either at a British college or university or in the home of a child 家庭教师，私人教师；（英国大学或学院的）导师，助教
• His tutor encouraged him to read widely in philosophy. 他的导师鼓励他广泛阅读哲学著作。
• During my illness I was taught by a series of home tutors. 我生病期间由一些家庭教师教我。
instruct, coach, tutor, train, teach, educate
这组词都有“教，教育，培养”的意思，其区别是：
instruct: 与teach含义很接近，但语体较正式。指系统、详细、精心地传播知识，侧重教授与指示。
coach: 指对个人或小组等进行辅导、训练或补课。
tutor: 指进行个别教学或课外辅导。
train: 指训练与培养。
teach: 最普通用词，含义广泛。指直接教某人知识或技能等，侧重传播知识和帮助应用知识。
educate: 较正式用词，指教育，内容比teach广泛，侧重动机或结果，或对潜在能力的开发。
vt. 辅导；约束
 - restrict, hold oneself in
n. 导师；家庭教师；助教
 - mentors, teacher counselor

Word: brawl
Front: brawl
[brɔ:l] (托宝 14479/15180 -1)
Vocabulary: brawl
(once / 1484 pages)
vn
A bar fight is a brawl. A fight in the cafeteria which turns into a free-for-all can also be called a brawl. A brawl is a noisy fight in a crowd.
Brawl can also be used as a verb—people who are fighting can be said to be brawling, whether or not they are using their fists. Similarly, you can use the word to suggest that a war of words is rough, in the manner of a bar fight—the bride and her mother were engaged in a brawl over the guest list for the big day.
WORD FAMILY
brawl: brawled, brawler, brawling, brawls+/brawler: brawlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Witnesses began recording as police arrived on the scene and attempted to get the brawling families to disperse.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
This timely novel captures every character in the worst light, and the grudge matches among Brooklyn’s liberal parentocracy are nastier than any playground brawl.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
An argument turned into a brawl, he said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 吵架; 打架; 喧闹的舞会; 乱哄哄的拳赛
vi. 打架; 争吵; 互骂; （流水）哗哗地响
vt. 大声喊出; 为…争吵
时态：brawled, brawling, brawls
分布：争吵(83%)，哗哗流(7%)，大声喊(5%)，大声的吵闹(5%)
→拟声词，同bray.
【记】1）brawny（adj 强壮的），两个强壮的人在一起－争吵2）读：不弱。两个不弱的人在一起－争吵3）awl（n 锥子，尖钻），用来争斗
【参】crawl（v 爬行）；awl（n 尖钻）
US [brɑ:l] noun countable
■a noisy, rough, uncontrolled fight （乱哄哄的）殴斗，闹事
• a drunken brawl 醉酒殴斗
UK [brɔ:l] US [brɑ:l] verb intransitive
■to fight in a rough, noisy, uncontrolled way 斗殴，大打出手
• The young men had nothing better to do than brawl in the streets. 这些年轻人除了在大街上打架殴斗做不出甚么好事。
vi. 争吵；打架；大喊大叫
 - fight, row
n. 争吵；打架
 - argument, brush, dispute, fight
vt. 大声喊出；为…争吵
 - bark out, bellow out

Word: combative
Front: combative
[ˈkɒmbətɪv] (16246/19691 -1)
Vocabulary: combative
(once / 4447 pages)
adj
Someone combative likes to fight, whether with fists or words.
See the word combat in combative? That's a clue to this word's meaning. Since combat is a type of fighting — usually in war — anyone described as combative likes to fight or just can't help getting in fights. A frequent barroom brawler is combative, but so is someone who is always starting arguments. Using swear words and constantly contradicting people could be considered combative behavior. People who are combative are also often described as hostile, angry, or pugnacious.
WORD FAMILY
combative: combatively, combativeness+/ combat: combatant, combated, combating, combative, combats, combatted, combatting/combatant: combatants, noncombatant/noncombatant: noncombatants
USAGE EXAMPLES
A growing backlash against globalization puts Apple and other big multinationals directly in the sightlines of two increasingly combative giants: the United States and China.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Pietists urged a renewal of personal devotion and a less combative attitude toward rival religious systems, including Judaism.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Shanghai’s internet regulator, meanwhile, remained in combative mode.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 好斗的; 斗志旺盛的
分布：好斗的(100%)
US ['kɑ:m.bə.tˌɪv] formal
adjective
■eager to fight or argue 好战的；好斗的；好争论的
• The prime minister was in a combative mood, twice accusing the opposition of gross incompetence. 首相斗志旺盛，两次指责反对党极端无能。
adj. 好战的；好事的
 - fighting, bellicose

Word: consensual
Front: consensual
[kənˈsenʃuəl] (13093/16715)
Vocabulary: consensual
(once / 31022 pages)
adj
If something is consensual, all parties are in agreement that they approve of it. You and your neighbor could have a consensual agreement to share the cost of putting up a fence between your houses.
Consensual is related to the English words consensus and consent. They all go back to the Latin verb consentire, meaning "to agree" or literally, "to feel together," from the combination of sentire and com. In modern English, consensual is often used when discussing sex, particularly whether the act was consensual, agreed on by both people, or non-consensual, if one person was unwilling or too young to legally give consent.
WORD FAMILY
consensual: consensually+/ consensus: consensual, consensuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Adaptable, consensual, affable, intellectual, Guterres is perhaps better qualified than any of his nine predecessors for the world’s most demanding job.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
In some cases, studios will grant their employees early releases from their contracts, but typically only if a consensual agreement is reached, Petrocelli said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Cook’s defense attorneys say his encounters with the women were consensual.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 经双方同意的，一致同意的
分布：交感性的(50%)，在两愿下成立的(50%)
US [ˌkɑ:n-] formal or legal
adjective
■with the willing agreement of all the people involved 一致同意的；经各方同意的；两厢情愿的
• The woman alleged rape, but Reeves insisted it was consensual. 那女人声称是强奸，可是里夫斯坚称是双方自愿的。
• consensual sex 两厢情愿的性行为

Word: cottage
Front: cottage
[ˈkɒtɪdʒ] (高研四六雅 4765/2224 -K3)
Vocabulary: cottage
(once / 164 pages)
n
A cottage is a small house, particularly a traditional or old-fashioned house, or one that is used seasonally. Your family might rent a cottage near the beach every summer.
In the US, a cottage typically has only one story, while in Canada a house can be much larger and still be called a cottage. In the Middle Ages, a cottage was housing for farm workers — sometimes known as cottagers — and the word implied not just a home, but also a barn and land. The first US holiday cottages were built in the 1880s in Bar Harbor, Maine and are credited with introducing the word cottage to North America.
WORD FAMILY
cottage: cottages
USAGE EXAMPLES
A few houses, a set of tourist cottages and a section of Seminole Road that led to the back entrance of the Navy base.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Two others live in an old teachers’ cottage.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Norovirus in a Welsh cottage at Christmas with the mother-in-law.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 小屋，村舍; （农舍式的）小别墅; （郊外的）新式住宅，（大院内的）单幢住宅; 乡下房子，小房子
→来自古英语cote，村舍，小屋。
n.村舍,小屋,别墅The bottle is hidden in the bottom of a ton of cotton the cottage.瓶子被藏在农舍里一吨棉花的底部.
US ['kɑ:.tˌɪdʒ] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a small house, usually in the countryside （通常指乡村中的）小屋，村舍
• They live in an idyllic country/thatched cottage, with roses round the door. 他们住在田园诗般的乡村小屋／茅舍，门前玫瑰环绕。
shed, cabin, but, cottage
这组词都有“小屋”的意思，其区别是：
shed: 一般指四壁没有完全封闭，供牲畜用或储藏东西、停放车辆等的简易棚屋。
cabin: 多指建造粗糙的简陋小木屋，也指旅客或船员住的船舱。现在也指节假日游游者的简便住房。
but: 多指供居住或遮避风雨的简易小屋。
cottage: 指穷苦人住的乡间小茅屋。现在也指雅致的小住宅，在美国可指别墅。
n. 小屋；村舍；（农舍式的）小别墅
 - shed, cabin

Word: courageous
Front: courageous
[kəˈreɪdʒəs] (六 8170/9613 -1)
Vocabulary: courageous
(once / 750 pages)
adj
If you are a courageous person, you face danger or stand up against the odds without flinching. Known as "The Man without Fear," Daredevil is regarded as a very courageous superhero.
The adjective courageous derives from the Old French word corage, meaning "heart, innermost feelings, or temper." In fairytales, the courageous knight battles the fire breathing dragon to save the princess. In recognition of their courageous actions, soldiers who have been wounded or killed while serving are given the Purple Heart medal.
WORD FAMILY
courageous: courageously, courageousness+/ courage: courageous, courages, encourage / encourage: encouraged, encouragement, encourages, encouraging / encouragement: encouragements/ encouraging: encouragingly, unencouraging/unencouraging: unencouragingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
This forces Republicans and Democrats to again swap positions on whether Comey is a courageous patriot or total scum.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Phelan spoke in the build up to this contest of the need to reinforce his squad with players “courageous” enough for the fight ahead.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The art of finding beauty in destruction is a rare and courageous skill.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 勇敢的，无畏的; 有胆量的; 英勇的; 勐
分布：勇敢的(100%)
勇敢的(courage勇气)[-ous表形容词,通常放在一个完整的单词后,表示"…的"]
adjective
■having or showing courage 勇敢的，有胆量的，有勇气的
• It was a courageous decision to resign in protest at the company's pollution record. 以辞职来抗议公司污染环境的劣迹是一个勇敢的决定。
• It was courageous of her to challenge the managing director's decision. 她真有勇气，敢于反对总经理的决定。
brave, bold, daring, heroic, fearless, courageous
这组词都有“勇敢的”的意思，其区别是：
brave: 含义广泛，指天生的勇敢，无所畏惧地面对困难与危险，侧重胆识与果断。
bold: 侧重指面对困难或危险时勇往直前，勇于进取的勇敢精神。
daring: 强调面临意外或危险时胆大心细，头脑冷静。褒义贬义均可用，贬义指胆大妄为。
heroic: 正式用词，多指在战争或重大危险时，为他人为事业忘我献身的英雄气概。
fearless: 语气肯定，侧重在危险时无所畏惧，毫无动摇。
courageous: 正式用词，侧重指在一切情况下都有胆量，无所畏惧，强调基于道德信念，经深思熟虑后所产生的勇敢。
adj. 有胆量的，勇敢的
 - game, brave

Word: counterproductive
Front: counterproductive
[ˌkaʊntəprəˈdʌktɪv] (宝 11531/19990)
Back: adj. 反生产的，使达不到预期目标的
分布：适得其反的(43%)，反生产的(34%)，使达不到预期目标的(23%)
【记】counter反，productive（adj 多产的；有成效的）－起反效果的
US [-tˌɚ-] adjective
■having an effect which is opposite to the one that is intended or wanted 产生相反效果的；产生相反作用的；事与愿违的，适得其反的
• Improved safety measures in cars can be counterproductive as they encourage people to drive faster. 提高车辆安全性的措施可能会适得其反，因为这会激励人们开快车。

Word: fatty
Front: fatty
[ˈfæti] (9161/9251 -2)
Back: adj. 油腻的; 肥胖的; 多脂肪的
n. 胖子
级别：fattier, fattiest
分布：脂肪的(67%)，含脂肪的(22%)，脂肪状的(11%)
胖子(fat胖)[-y 1.加在名词后变成形容词2表名词,加在形容词或以r结尾的单词后3表名词"人或小东西"常带有戏谑性和爱称]
US ['fætˌ-] adjective
■containing a lot of fat 富含脂肪的
• Goose is a very fatty meat. 鹅肉是高脂肪肉类。
UK ['fæt.i] US ['fætˌ-] noun countable (also fatso) informal disapproving or humorous
■a fat person 胖子
adj. 脂肪的；肥胖的；多脂肪的；脂肪过多的
 - round, obese
n. 胖子
 - fatso, crisco

Word: disciple
Front: disciple
[dɪˈsaɪpl] (托宝 8067/7802 -1)
Vocabulary: disciple
(once / 296 pages)
n
A disciple is a follower or a fan of someone. You might consider yourself to be a disciple of your favorite yoga teacher.
The noun disciple comes from the Latin word discipulus, which means "student, learner, or follower." One of the earliest places disciple showed up was in the Bible, where it means "a follower of Jesus," sometimes specifically one of the twelve Apostles. It's still used that way in religious speech and writing, but it can also describe a serious, dedicated follower or student of a teacher or leader.
WORD FAMILY
disciple: disciples, discipleship
USAGE EXAMPLES
He’s clearly a disciple of pioneering tape-loop Minimalists like Terry Riley and Steve Reich using far more modern gear.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
As a disciple of preparedness, I do both.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
After the insult, the Gangster Disciples left the block, but then returned, and the verbal jabbing continued.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 信徒，追随者; 门徒，弟子; 耶稣的信徒; [宗]耶稣十二门徒之一
分布：弟子(53%)，门徒(32%)，信徒(15%)
→来自拉丁语discere, 学习，获知，来自dek-skos,教，自我学习，*dek, 得体，教导，词源同doctor, dogma， *skos, 表反身，见bask, busk. 原义为学生，追随者，尤指耶稣的十二门徒。后词义通用化。
【记】源于：耶稣最初的十二信徒之一：Discipledisciple必须有discipline（n 纪律）
【反】obstreperous（adj 任性的）－disciplined（adj 遵守纪律的）
noun
countable
■a person who believes in the ideas and principles of someone famous and tries to live the way they do or did 信徒，门徒，追随者
• an ardent disciple of the prime minister 首相狂热的追随者
the disciples [plural] (also the Disciples)
■the twelve men who followed Jesus Christ during his life 耶稣十二门徒
⇒ See also the apostles
n. 门徒，信徒；弟子
 - Christian, protege

Word: gilt
Front: gilt
[gɪlt] (17776/7978 -2)
Vocabulary: gilt
(once / 780 pages)
adjn
All those gold framed pictures you see hanging in museums? They're covered in gilt — a very thin layer of gold leaf, like paper, applied to the surface.
A common term associated with gilt is gilt-edged, implying something known to be reliably wealthy. Anything can be gilt-edged: a person, a town, or a reputation. The term comes from a form of government-issued bond, known as a gilt, which was originally gilded around the edges. Don't confuse gilt with guilt, which sounds the same but means a sense of knowing you've done something wrong. (Though, if you've stolen a gilt, does that make you gilty?)
WORD FAMILY
gilt: gilts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The gilt decorations Gouthière provided for sundry status objects enhanced their beauty and also their light-reflecting capacity, always important before electricity.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The ballroom’s gilt is composition leaf, a copper alloy with only trace amounts of gold, a variation of which gilders call brass leaf.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
After so many square miles of golf courses, trophy wives, gilt mirrors and crystal chandeliers, was there nothing left to mess with?
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 小母猪; 镀金材料; 炫目的外表
adj. 镀金的; 涂金的
v. 把…镀金( gild的过去式和过去分词)
分布：镀金(60%)，镀金的(20%)，小母猪(16%)，动词gild的过去式和过去分词.(2%)，表面的装饰(2%)
→来自gild的过去分词，词源同gold.
adjective
■covered with a thin layer of gold or a substance which is intended to look like it 镀金的；涂金的
• a gilt picture frame 镀金画框
• It's not solid gold - it's just gilt. 这不是真金——只是镀金。
[gɪlt] noun
SURFACE 表面
uncountable
■when a very thin layer of gold, silver or a similar substance, is used to cover the surface of something 镀金；镀银；镀金材料；镀银材料
• a silver gilt crucifix 镀银耶稣受难像
• gilt lettering 烫金字
[gɪlt] noun
MONEY 金钱
gilts [plural] (also gilt-edged securities) UK specialized
■a type of investment offered by the government which pays a fixed rate of interest and is considered low-risk 金边证券；绩优证券
[gɪlt] noun
take the gilt off the gingerbread UK literary
■to spoil something that is in every other way enjoyable 使某事物失去吸引力
• We had a great trip, but our flight home was badly delayed, which took the gilt off the gingerbread. 我们的旅行很愉快，但返航的班机严重延误，令人扫兴。
n. 镀金；小母猪；眩目的外表
 - gold plated, gilding
adj. 镀金的
 - gold-plated, plated

Word: dictionary
Front: dictionary
[ˈdɪkʃənri] (中高 8493/3332 -K2)
Vocabulary: dictionary
(once / 594 pages)
n
A dictionary is a collection of words and their definitions (and sometimes other information). Such collections are usually printed as books, but some are now designed for use on computers.
Dictionary originally came from the Latin word dictionarius, meaning "a manual or book of words." A dictionary is most commonly used to look up the definitions of particular words, but other information, such as etymology and usage guidelines, often appears as well. Electronic dictionaries can include even more information, like slang and popular texting acronyms, such as "ttyn," which stands for "talk to you never."
WORD FAMILY
dictionary: dictionaries
USAGE EXAMPLES
She spoke to the BBC about her upbringing in Croydon, the rappers she looks up to, and why she read the dictionary as a child.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
“Post-truth,” a term sometimes used to describe the current political climate, is Oxford Dictionaries’ word of the year.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Each year the online dictionaries sum up the gist of the past 12 months by publishing a list of their most-searched words.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 词典，字典; [自]代码字典
分布：字典(51%)，词典(44%)，辞典(5%)
→来自diction, 说话，措辞。后用来指字典。
字典(diction+ary→措词的书→字典)[dict,dic=say,assert,表示"说话,断言"]
字典(diction措词+ary)[-ary 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,场所,物"]
n.词典,字典The dictator predicted the contradiction in the dictionary.独裁者预言了字典中的矛盾.
US [-er.i] noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■a book that contains a list of words in alphabetical order with their meanings explained or written in another language, or a similar product for use on a computer 字典，词典
• a French-English/English-French dictionary 法英／英法词典
• a bilingual/monolingual dictionary 双语／单语词典
• To check how a word is spelt, look it up in a dictionary. 要确定单词的拼法就查词典。
 ESSENTIAL
■a book which gives information about a particular subject, in which the entries (= words or phrases) are given in alphabetical order 专业词典
• a biographical/science dictionary 人名／科技词典
• a dictionary of quotations 引语词典
n. 字典； [语] [计] 词典
 - lexicon, wordbook

Word: eden

Word: gunfire
Front: gunfire
[ˈgʌnfaɪə(r)] (8724/14888 -1)
Back: n. 炮火; 枪炮声，炮火声; [军]号炮
分布：炮火(81%)，炮火声(15%)，炮轰声(4%)
US [-faɪr] noun uncountable
■the usually repeated shooting of one or more guns （连续不断的）炮火
• The sound of gunfire echoed into the night. 隆隆的炮火声在夜空中回荡。
n. [军] 炮火；炮火声
 - fire, shellfire

Word: hare
Front: hare
[heə(r)] (四六 14507/7035 -1)
Back: n. 野兔; 怪人，傻瓜
vt. & vi. 飞跑，疾走
时态：hared, haring, hares
分布：野兔(95%)，飞奔(3%)，奔跑(2%)
→可能来自kas,灰色，灰白色，词源同hazy,hoar,canus(拉丁文，灰白的)。后指灰白色的野兔。
US [her] noun countable (plural hares or hare)
■an animal like a large rabbit that can run very fast and has long ears 野兔
UK [heər] US [her] verb intransitive + adverb or preposition mainly UK
■to run or go very quickly, usually in an uncontrolled way 飞奔，飞跑
• I saw her haring off down the road after Molly. 我看见她跟在莫莉身后沿路飞奔。
rabbit, hare
这组词都有“兔子”的意思，其区别是：
rabbit: 通常指家中饲养的家兔。
hare: 指生在森林或田野等处的野兔。
n. [脊椎] 野兔
 - rabbit, klipdas

Word: growl
Front: growl
[graʊl] (六雅宝 8745/8237 -1)
Vocabulary: growl
(once / 300 pages)
vn
To growl is to make a low, guttural, aggressive sound, like “grrrrrrrrrrr.” If you’ve ever gotten too close to an angry dog, you’ve probably heard a growl.
A growl is not a friendly sound. Growls are low, rumbling snarls, and they usually mean "Back off!" Dogs growl at people and animals they don’t like. Sometimes people growl when they speak in a low, angry way. If you dine at a restaurant but don’t leave a tip, the waiter might growl at you. Growling is best done though clinched teeth. If an animal or person is growling, stay away!
WORD FAMILY
growl: growled, growler, growling, growls+/growler: growlers/growling: growlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
It features pizzicato cello and a subtle growl of organ, along with lyrics that revel in comeuppance.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Drive modes adjust throttle response, steering weight, gearbox mapping and the amount of engine growl allowed into the cabin.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“You’re missing the point,” growled Commissioner Mike Smith from beneath the brim of his cowboy hat.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vi. （雷）作隆隆声; 嘟哝; 愤愤不平地抱怨
vt. 低声咆哮着说; 粗鲁地说出
n. 低吼，狺狺声; 咆哮，粗声大气
时态：growled, growling, growls
分布：咆哮(58%)，吼(24%)，吠声(8%)，咆哮声(8%)，怒吠(2%)
→拟声词，模仿咆哮的声音。
【记】grow＋l一把剑：如果看过动画片希芮就比较好记，每当危险时刻，希芮就会变身，从背后拔出宝剑，愤怒的咆哮：我是希芮！Grow，owl变成猫头鹰－只会吼叫不会说人话了。
verb intransitive
■to make a low rough sound, usually in anger （通常指因为愤怒）发出低沉的吼叫，咆哮
• The dog growled at her and snapped at her ankles. 那只狗咆哮着在她脚踝上咬了一口。
• [+ speech] "Not now, I'm busy, " he growled. “现在不可以，我正在忙。”他吼道。
roar, bark, growl, howl
这组词都有“吠，叫”的意思，其区别是：
roar: 指狮子的吼叫。
bark: 指发出刺耳的汪汪声，系典型的狗吠。
growl: 指被激怒的狗发出低长的咆哮声，以示威胁。用于人时，指咆哮着喊叫，怒冲冲地发牢骚。
howl: 指声音响亮，拖得很长，如哀愁的哭声。用于人时，指大喊大叫。
vt. 咆哮；（雷电，炮等） [地物] 轰鸣
 - huff and puff, bark
n. 咆哮声；吠声；不平
 - ululation, discontentment

Word: leviathan
Front: leviathan
[ləˈvaɪəθən] (24157/34625)
Vocabulary: leviathan
(once / 4226 pages)
n
A leviathan is a giant sea creature. It can be real, like a whale, or mythical.
Moby Dick is an example of a famous leviathan. The word comes from Hebrew livyathan which means a great sea serpent or sea monster. A real leviathan is the giant sea squid Architeuthis, which was photographed alive for the first time in 2005. A leviathan can also be something that is really, really big. The Titanic was a leviathan that now rests with leviathans.
WORD FAMILY
leviathan: leviathans
USAGE EXAMPLES
In “The Leaky Leviathan,” a study published three years ago in the Harvard Law Review, David Pozen attempts to understand a puzzle.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Thomas Hobbes wrote “Leviathan” in Paris; for years René Descartes lived in the Netherlands.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Scientists say the giant manta ray, known as a gentle leviathan, is in fact a "predator of the deep" preying on fish and other animals.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. <圣经>海中怪兽; 庞然大物
adj. 极大的、强大的
分布：大海兽(50%)，庞然大物(50%)
→来自希伯来语livyathan，龙，蛇，海怪。
(also Leviathan) [lə'vaɪə.θən] noun countable literary
■something or someone that is extremely large and powerful 庞然大物；巨人，强者
• The US is seen as an economic leviathan. 美国被视为经济巨人。
n. 海中怪兽；庞然大物；巨轮
 - monolith, dreadnaught

Word: peck
Front: peck
[pek] (六托宝 14442/12244 -1)
Vocabulary: peck
(once / 949 pages)
1v 2v 3v 4n
To peck is to jab or bite at something the way a bird does with its beak. A peck is also a unit of measurement, like when Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. (“Eight quarts” just didn’t sound right.)
Most birds peck at their food, and when a person eats in a bird-like way, they also peck. Another way to peck is to give someone a light kiss, a peck on the cheek. A completely different kind of peck is a unit of measurement. In the US, a peck is one quarter of a bushel, or two gallons of a dry substance. The verb sense of peck comes from 1500s thieves' slang, in which it meant "food."
WORD FAMILY
peck: pecked, pecker, pecking, pecks+/pecker: peckers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dewdrop, the fleet, luminous leader of the Flowers in “George Balanchine’s The Nutcracker,” is a dream part for Tiler Peck of New York City Ballet.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The pecking order for the game is clear, too.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Where do they fit in the pecking order?
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 啄，啄食; 啄出，啄穿; 〈非〉轻吻，以迅速敷衍的方式亲吻
vi. 啄; 小口地吃; 不断地批评，吹毛求疵
n. 啄; 啄痕，（啄出的）小洞; 轻吻
时态：pecked, pecking, pecks
分布：啄(51%)，啄食(27%)，配克(10%)，啄痕(9%)，连续敲击(3%)
→来自pick变体，词义同捡拾引申为啄，轻吻。
verb
intransitive or transitive
■When a bird pecks, it bites, hits or picks up something small with its beak 啄
• The birds learn to peck holes in the foil milk bottle tops. 鸟儿学习在牛奶瓶的箔纸盖上啄洞。
• Geese were pecking around for food. 鹅在地上四处啄食。
• Chickens pecked at the seeds which covered the ground. 小鸡啄食着撒在地上的种子。
transitive
■to give someone a quick kiss, especially on the side of the face 轻而快的吻
• He pecked his aunt on the cheek. 他匆匆吻了一下姨妈的脸颊。
[pek] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  peck at sth
■to eat small quantities of something without any enthusiasm （食欲不佳地）小口吃
[pek] noun countable
■a quick kiss 匆匆一吻
• She gave me the usual peck on the cheek. 她像往常一样在我脸上轻轻吻了一下。
vi. 啄食；扔石头；吹毛求疵
 - cavil about, find quarrel in a straw
vt. 啄食；扔
 - throw into
n. 许多；配克（容量单位，等于2加仑）；啄痕
 - lots of, sea, hundred, much, thousands of

Word: manifestation
Front: manifestation
[ˌmænɪfeˈsteɪʃn] (托宝 6590/6155 -1)
Vocabulary: manifestation
(once / 513 pages)
n
A manifestation is the public display of emotion or feeling, or something theoretical made real.
Manifestation's origins are in religion and spirituality because if something spiritual becomes real, it is said to be a manifestation. The word's usage has spread to include all aspects of life. "The submarine is a manifestation of da Vinci's sketches." "The crowd's cheering hysteria was the manifestation of years of allegiance to the now victorious soccer league."
WORD FAMILY
manifestation: manifestations+/ manifest: manifestation, manifested, manifestedly, manifesting, manifestly, manifests
USAGE EXAMPLES
For many though, their understanding of “domestic violence” remains limited to its physical manifestations.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
I met Mr. Diaz at the supreme manifestation of the state’s truck mania: the Texas Truck Rodeo.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Islamists believe in incorporating their religious values into politics, but one label does not fit all manifestations.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 表示，显示; 示威
分布：表现(94%)，示威运动(3%)，显灵(3%)
→来自manifest的名词形式。
noun formal
countable
■a sign of something existing or happening 显示；表明
• She claimed that the rise in unemployment was just a further manifestation of the government's incompetence. 她声称失业率上升进一步表明了政府的无能。
uncountable
■appearance 表现；显现
• Unlike acid rain or deforestation, global warming has no visible manifestation. 不同于酸雨和森林砍伐，全球暖化并没有明显可见的表像。
n. 表现；显示；示威运动
 - exhibition, representation, display, show

Word: resurrect
Front: resurrect
[ˌrezəˈrekt] (宝 10572/13690 -1)
Vocabulary: resurrect
(once / 1104 pages)
v
To resurrect is to bring someone back from the dead. You can also resurrect things that are inactive or out of use.
If you've ever seen someone bring a dead person back to life in a science fiction or fantasy movie, you saw them resurrect someone. Turning someone into a zombie or vampire is a type of resurrecting, and in the Bible Jesus resurrects Lazurus. Also, this word can apply to any kind of revival. A song can resurrect faded memories. A forgotten project can be resurrected if you start it up again. Resurrecting always involves bringing something back to life.
WORD FAMILY
resurrect: resurrected, resurrecting, resurrection, resurrects+/ resurrection: resurrections
USAGE EXAMPLES
Filmmakers are tapping advances in digital technology to resurrect characters after a performer dies, most notably in "Rogue One: A Star Wars Story."
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
The duo is working a familiar case: a woman commits suicide by shooting herself in front of witnesses—only to resurrect days later.
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
President Jimmy Carter canceled the B-1 bomber program in June 1977, although it was resurrected by his White House successor, Ronald Reagan.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 使复活; 复兴，重新使用; 挖出
vi. 复活，复苏
时态：resurrected, resurrecting, resurrects
分布：复兴(49%)，使复活(34%)，挖出(17%)
【记】re再，sur下面，rect直－再次从下面直起来－复活
US [-ə'rekt] verb transitive
■to bring someone back to life 使复活，使起死回生
• Almost all Christians believe that Jesus was resurrected from the dead. 几乎所有的基督徒都相信耶稣死而复生。
■to bring back something into use or existence that had disappeared or ended 重新使用；恢复；使重新流行
• Several members of the party have resurrected the idea of constitutional change. 该党几位党员重新提出了修改宪法的主张。
• She has been busily trying to resurrect her Hollywood career. 她一直奔忙，试图重振她的好莱坞演艺生涯。
vt. 使复活；复兴；挖出
 - raise to life, renew
vi. 复活
 - come back to life again, reflourish

Word: rehabilitate
Front: rehabilitate
[ˌri:əˈbɪlɪteɪt] (托雅宝 11206/15045 -2)
Vocabulary: rehabilitate
(once / 1745 pages)
v
If you have been in a bad accident or have an addiction problem, you may go away for a stretch of time to rehabilitate yourself or, in other words, bring yourself back to health.
Though we hear a lot about rehabilitation or "rehab" in the press in connection with drugs or alcohol, the word rehabilitate has a lot of other meanings. You can rehabilitate a building's structure by reinforcing it with steel beams, or rehabilitate your bad reputation by staying after school to help clean up the grounds.
WORD FAMILY
rehabilitate: rehabilitated, rehabilitates, rehabilitating, rehabilitation, rehabilitative+/habilitate: habilitated, habilitating, rehabilitate / rehabilitation: rehabilitations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ms. Saxon, now 39, helped rehabilitate a building on 117th Street.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Judge William Hamlet granted the state’s request for an order that prohibits Davis from contacting the specialists who are rehabilitating the horses.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Unfortunately, when we got there, it was clear that no one was ready to rehabilitate post 9-11 warriors.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 使康复; 使复原，修复; 使恢复原状; 使恢复名誉
时态：rehabilitated, rehabilitating, rehabilitates
分布：改造(54%)，修复(40%)，使恢复(6%)
→re-,再，重新，-hab,抓，拿，持有，词源同 habit,ability.比喻用法。
修复,翻新;使健康;改造(犯罪)(re重新+hubiliate具备能力)[abl,bili=able,表示"能力"]
【记】reh＝re再，abilitate能力：再次拥有能力－恢复
【参】debilitate（v 使衰弱）
verb transitive
■to return someone or something to a good or healthy condition, state or way of living 使康复；使恢复（正常生活）；复兴；修复
• The prison service should try to rehabilitate prisoners so that they can lead normal lives when they leave prison. 监狱应该努力改造犯人，使他们在刑满释放后能重新过上正常生活。
• Physiotherapy is part of rehabilitating accident victims. 物理治疗是对事故受伤者进行康复治疗的一部分。
• After 20 years in official disgrace, she's been rehabilitated (= given a positive public image again). 20年的官僚生涯曾使她名誉扫地，但是现在她已恢复了自己的良好形象。
vt. 使康复；使恢复名誉；使恢复原状
 - repristinate, unmake
vi. 复兴；复权；恢复正常生活
 - revive

Word: respectability
Front: respectability
[rɪˌspektəˈbɪləti] (14970/11454)
Back: n. 体面; 名望; 得体; 高尚
分布：体面(91%)，受尊重(9%)
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■when someone or something is considered to be socially acceptable 体面；得体；值得尊敬
• an attempt to gain international respectability 争取国际社会尊重的努力
• The company operates out of modern offices to create an air of respectability. 这间公司的经营场所设在现代化办公室中，以营造一种尊贵不凡的气氛。
n. 体面；可尊敬；有社会地位
 - decency

Word: synonymous
Front: synonymous
[sɪˈnɒnɪməs] (托 10771/10045 -1)
Vocabulary: synonymous
(once / 2417 pages)
adj
If two words are synonymous, they mean the same thing. You tried to convince her that "love" and "chocolate" were not synonymous, but it was no use.
In addition to describing words with the same or similar meanings, you can use the adjective synonymous to describe things that are similar in a more figurative way. Summer is synonymous with picnics, playing outside, and days at the beach. Summer is also synonymous with ants, skinned knees, and sunburn!
WORD FAMILY
synonymous: synonymity, synonymously, synonymousness+/ synonym: synonymous, synonyms
USAGE EXAMPLES
For some Maryland police departments, such as in Baltimore County, the Public Information Act is synonymous with policy regarding the footage.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
The winner of this battle will determine whether the Trump name forever becomes synonymous with climate heroism or villainy.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
As J.J. became synonymous with “Star Wars” and more of a household name and face, the inquiries increased.
Salon(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 同义的，类义的; 同义词的
分布：同义的(92%)，暗示的(8%)
→synonym,同义词，-ous,形容词后缀。
【记】syno＝same，nym＝name，ous－同样名字的－同义的
US [-'nɑ:.nə-] adjective
■having the same meaning 同义的，近义的
• The words 'annoyed' and 'irritated' are more or less synonymous. annoyed 和 irritated 两个词几乎是同义的。
■If you say that one thing is synonymous with another, you mean that the two things are so closely connected in most people's minds that one suggests the other 等同的
• Oscar Wilde's name is synonymous with wit. 奥斯卡‧王尔德的名字成了机智幽默的同义词。

Word: therapeutic
Front: therapeutic
[ˌθerəˈpju:tɪk] (托宝 6743/7185 -1)
Vocabulary: therapeutic
(once / 3878 pages)
adjn
Whether you’re talking about a therapeutic drug or a therapeutic exercise plan, something that is therapeutic helps to heal or to restore health.
The adjective therapeutic can be traced all the way back to the Greek word therapeutikos (from therapeuein, meaning “to attend” or “to treat”). Although the word relates to healing or soothing, therapeutic isn’t reserved only for drugs or medical treatments. You’ve probably heard particular activities referred to as therapeutic, which just means that doing that activity makes you feel rejuvenated. You might consider shopping for shoes, for example, to be a therapeutic activity — at least until the credit card bill arrives.
WORD FAMILY
therapeutic: therapeutically, therapeutics+/ therapist: therapists/ therapy: therapeutic, therapeutical, therapies, therapist
USAGE EXAMPLES
She not only founded Sirius Satellite Radio, but also founded and serves as chief executive of American Therapeutics, a pharmaceuticals company.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
X2AI describes its bots as therapeutic assistants, which means that they offer help and support rather than treatment.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
The CDC, which maintains a stockpile of therapeutics to treat rare, serious or life-threatening diseases, decided to send both medicines, just in case.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 治疗（学）的，疗法的; 有益于健康的
分布：治疗的(100%)
→therapy,治疗，-eutic,形容词后缀，词源同 pharmaceutical,药物的。
【记】therap＝therapy（n 治疗），eutic－治疗的
【参】therapist（n 临床医学家）
US [-ɪk] adjective
■causing someone to feel happier and more relaxed or to be more healthy 治疗的；有疗效的；有益健康的
• I find gardening very therapeutic. 我发现园艺非常有益健康。
adj. 治疗的；治疗学的；有益于健康的
 - healthy, treated, medicinal, remedial

Word: unanswered
Front: unanswered
[ʌnˈɑ:nsəd] (9901/13700 -1)
Back: adj. 未予答复的; 无反应的; 无回报的
分布：无响应的(67%)，未予答复的(33%)
US [-'ænt.sɚd] adjective
■not answered or explained 未得到回答（或解释）的
• Questions from local residents remained unanswered. 当地居民提出的问题仍然没有得到答覆。
adj. 未答复的；无反应的
 - reactionless, irresponsive

Word: vocabulary
Front: vocabulary
[vəˈkæbjələri] (高研四六雅 5564/4802 -K1)
Vocabulary: vocabulary
(once / 1089 pages)
n
Vocabulary is all about words — the words in a language or a special set of words you are trying to learn. Vocabulary is so important, we even created a web site to help expand yours.
First used in the 1500s to mean a list of words with explanations, the noun vocabulary came to refer to the “range of language of a person or group” about two hundred years later. A lot of hobbies, like fishing or knitting, require that you learn their unique vocabulary before you can get the most out of them. If you're in a rush, vocab is a faster way to say vocabulary.
WORD FAMILY
vocabulary: vocabularies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Running year-round in four-week sessions, the program consists of 12 levels of language attainment, with components including grammar and vocabulary, essay writing, and conversational English.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
With gangly limbs, big, expressive eyes and an entire vocabulary’s worth of colorful grunts and groans at her disposal, she’s equally good at nonverbal comedy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He also expanded his vocabulary of Arabic slang and abbreviations.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. （某一语言的）词汇; （尤指外语教科书中附有释义的）词汇表
分布：词汇(85%)，词汇量(15%)
→来自voc-,声音，词源同voice,引申词义词语，词汇表。词义演变参照glossary,dictionary,lexicon.
词汇(vocabul[=vocable词]+ary→词汇)[voc,vok=call,voice表示"叫喊,声音"]
n.词汇,词汇量;词汇表The vocation advocate found the word "vocal" and "reciprocal" not in the vocabulary.职业倡导者发现"嗓音的"和"交互的"两词不在词汇表中.
US [voʊ'kæb.jə.ler-] noun
 IMPROVER countable
■all the words known and used by a particular person 词汇量；（某人掌握的）全部词汇
• a wide/limited vocabulary 词汇量很大／有限
• By the age of two a child will have a vocabulary of about two hundred words. 孩子到两岁时掌握的词汇大约有两百个。
 IMPROVER countable or uncountable
■all the words which exist in a particular language or subject （某一语言或学科的）词汇，术语
• Every week our French teacher gives us a list of vocabulary (= words) to learn. 每周我们的法语老师都会让我们学一大堆词汇。
• Computing, like any subject, has its own vocabulary. 电脑科学像其他学科一样拥有自己的专业词汇。
UK [və'kæb.jʊ.lər.i] US [voʊ'kæb.jə.ler-] noun
not be in sb's vocabulary humorous
■You say that a particular quality is not in your vocabulary if you never show it or experience it 在（某人的）词汇里没有这个词
• Did you say 'tact'? The word isn't in his vocabulary! 你说的是“圆滑”？他的字典中可没有这个词！
lexicon, term, vocabulary, word, language
这组词都有“文字，词，语言”的意思，其区别是：
lexicon: 指某种语言、某人或某一知识领域的全部词汇。
term: 指有特定意义的词，词语或术语。
vocabulary: 集合名词，指词汇、语汇或词汇量。
word: 普通用词，指语言的最小单位的单词、字，也可指话、整句话或一段话。
language: 普通用词，指国家、民族或种族内部使用，已经系统化的语言。
n. [语] 词汇；词表
 - lexis

Word: atop
Front: atop
[əˈtɒp] (4600/19832 -1)
Vocabulary: atop
(once / 1928 pages)
adv
Use the adverb atop when something is on the top of something else. You could say, for example, "I'm standing atop of the chicken coop, getting ready to jump in that pile of leaves."
The word atop is somewhat old fashioned, but it's still a good way to describe being at the very top of something. You might live atop of the highest hill in town, or enjoy looking out your window to watch birds land atop of the garage. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the word was spelled with a hyphen: a-top. It took its current form, atop, in the nineteenth century.
WORD FAMILY
atop
USAGE EXAMPLES
Atop the conference, some separation is starting to occur.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Troops and commanders pose atop tanks, Humvees, checkpoints and even on the front lines with bullets flying.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The grass-fed meat, cooked long and slow with about 16 spices, sits atop a generous mound of rice, each tiny grain perfectly thin and fluffed.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adv. & prep. 在（…）顶上
分布：在顶上(78%)，在 ... 的顶上(22%)
US [-'tɑ:p] mainly US
preposition
■on or at the top of 在…之上，在…顶上
• She sat atop a two-metre high wall. 她坐在一道两米高的墙上。

Word: upstream
Front: upstream
[ˌʌpˈstri:m] (11313/12214 -1)
Back: adj. 向上游的; 逆流而上的; （石油工业等）上游的
adv. 向上游; 逆流地
n. 上游部门
分布：向上游(40%)，逆流地(30%)，逆流而上的(20%)，上游的(10%)
adverb adjective [before noun]
■(moving) on a river or stream towards its origin 在上游（的）；向上游（的）；逆流（的）
• Salmon swim upstream against very strong currents to reach their breeding areas. 鲑鱼会迎着湍急的水流游向它们在上游的产卵区。
Opposite downstream
adv. 逆流地； [水文] 向上游
 - upwards

Word: debilitate
Front: debilitate
[dɪˈbɪlɪteɪt] (托宝 26558/37060 -1)
Vocabulary: debilitate
(once / 4541 pages)
v
To debilitate something is to make it weaker. A bad flu may debilitate your powers of concentration, like the New Year's resolutions that temporarily debilitate bakeries' business.
The verb debilitate traces back to the Latin word debilis, meaning “lame, disabled, crippled.” It’s often used to describe what disability or illness does to a person's health, but it can describe anything that has been weakened, like the sense of community that is slowly debilitated by people working longer hours and the lack of sidewalks that in many towns make it harder to walk around and meet the neighbors.
WORD FAMILY
debilitate: debilitated, debilitates, debilitating, debilitation, debilitative+/debile: debility/ debilitating: debilitatingly/debilitation: debilitations/debility: debilitate, debilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
He reached AFC championship game following 2014 season and managed to pretty much break even despite series of debilitating injuries.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The president-elect seems to offer equal chances of constitutional crisis and utter, debilitating incompetence.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
On his first return to America after the October revolution, he got bogged down in a debilitating series of trials for sedition as a communist.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 使虚弱; 使衰弱
时态：debilitated, debilitating, debilitates
分布：使 ... 衰弱(100%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。-hab, 持，握，力量，词源同able, habit.
削弱力量,使衰弱(de去掉+bilit+ate→去掉能力→使衰弱)[abl,bili=able,表示"能力"]
使衰弱[dibil=weak(衰弱)]
【反】invigorate（ 使生气勃勃）；fortify（v 加强）
[dɪ'bɪl.ɪ.teɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to make someone or something physically weak 使虚弱；削弱，使衰弱
• Chemotherapy exhausted and debilitated him. 化疗使他感到非常疲惫虚弱。
vt. 使衰弱；使虚弱
 - devitalize, enfeeble

Word: huff
Front: huff
[hʌf] (14754/22118 -1)
Vocabulary: huff
(once / 2844 pages)
nv
If you're in a huff, you're visibly annoyed or offended. Another kind of huff is to exhale. When the Big Bad Wolf was in a huff, he threatened, "Then I'll huff, and I'll puff, and I'll blow your house inI"
People tend to flounce out of a room in a huff or storm away in a huff. f your soccer coach calls you off the field for being unsportsmanlike, you might be tempted to stomp off in a huff, convincing her that she was right. You could also describe this state as being "miffed" or "in a snit" or "in a fit of pique." In all cases, your irritation is obvious. Another meaning of huff is to exhale or blow loudly, especially from exertion. At the end of a marathon, you might huff and puff with exhaustion, but you'll be glad to pass the finish line.
WORD FAMILY
huff: huffed, huffing, huffish, huffs, huffy +/huffish: huffishly, huffishness/ huffy: huffily, huffiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
For all the lactic acid-affected huff and puff on display among many of the players, those two are the brightest by far.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
“All those things, we constantly try and educate our guys so they don’t panic in those situations,” Huff said.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
So, it was unfortunate he left the floor in a huff.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vi. 喷，吹; 叫嚣，虚张声势; 恼怒的反应; 生气
vt. 使膨胀，使充气; 蛮横地对待，欺侮; 恼怒; 烦恼
n. 怒气冲冲，发怒
时态：huffed, huffing, huffs
分布：愤怒(39%)，吹气(23%)，气恼(16%)，发怒(14%)，使膨胀(4%)，气喘吁吁(4%)
→拟声词，模仿发怒时的呼气声。
noun countable informal
■an angry and offended mood 怒气；恼怒
• Ted's gone into one of his huffs again. 泰德又发脾气了。
in a huff
■angry and offended 生气的，气恼的
• She's in a real huff because I forgot her birthday. 我忘了她的生日，所以她大发脾气。
• Julia criticized some aspect of his work and he left/went off in a huff. 茱莉亚批评他工作的某些层面，他便气冲冲地走了。
[hʌf] verb intransitive
■to say something in an annoyed or offended way 怒气冲冲地说
• "Well if that's how you feel, I'll go, " she huffed. ｢如果你是那样认为，那我就走了。｣ 她气冲冲地说道。
[hʌf] verb intransitive
huff and puff
■to breathe loudly, usually after physical exercise （通常在运动后）喘大气
• We were huffing and puffing by the time we'd climbed to the top of the hill. 我们爬上山顶后直喘大气。
informal disapproving
■to complain loudly and express disapproval 大声抱怨，反对
• They huffed and puffed about the price but eventually they paid up. 他们大声抱怨价格太高，但最后还是付了钱。
vt. 把…吹胀；激怒；蔑视
 - anger, provoke
vi. 吹气；发怒；恫吓
 - anger, air blowing
n. 发怒
 - angry at, tantrum

Word: incarceration
Front: incarceration
[ɪnˌkɑ:sə'reɪʃn] (12142/21624)
Vocabulary: incarceration
(once / 7439 pages)
n
Incarceration is the state of being in prison. If you don't fancy incarceration, don't go through with that bank heist.
The noun incarceration comes from the Latin word carcer, meaning "jail." There are many different types of incarceration. If you commit a crime and get locked up, that's one form of incarceration. Some people might feel that school is a form of incarceration. Some highly religious people think of the body as an incarceration of the spirit. A great synonym for this word is captivity.
WORD FAMILY
incarceration: incarcerations+/ incarcerate: incarcerated, incarcerates, incarcerating, incarceration
USAGE EXAMPLES
The project also seeks to correlate those outcomes with 123 social and economic factors such as government spending, proficiency in reading and rates of incarceration.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Like the film’s title character, the artist, Tyrus Wong, weathered irrevocable separation from his mother, incarceration, isolation and rigorous interrogation — all as a child.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
She was sentenced by Superior Court Judge Scott Bradley to 15 years’ incarceration.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 监禁，禁闭; 钳闭
分布：监禁(84%)，幽闭(8%)，下狱(8%)
VERB
监禁;禁闭
If people are incarcerated, they are kept in a prison or other place.
例：They were incarcerated for the duration of the war...战争期间,他们被关在狱中。
例：It can cost $40,000 to $50,000 to incarcerate a prisoner for a year.监禁一名囚犯一年要花费 4 万到 5 万美元。
n. 监禁；下狱；禁闭
 - prison, imprisonment

Word: instinctive
Front: instinctive
[ɪnˈstɪŋktɪv] (托宝 14454/8715 -2)
Vocabulary: instinctive
(once / 348 pages)
adj
The adjective instinctive describes something you do without thinking about it. If you have an instinctive desire to help animals, you might automatically stop your car to pick up every stray dog you see.
Something that is instinctive occurs naturally, the way babies know how to cry and suck as soon as they're born. Adults also have instinctive reflexes — like yawning, or the reflex that makes you kick your leg when the doctor hits your knee with a rubber mallet. Sometimes your instinctive reflexes can save your life — like when the "fight or flight" instinct warns you that danger is present.
WORD FAMILY
instinctive: instinctively+/ instinct: instinctive, instinctly, instincts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe he hopes Mr. Putin will see him as a kindred spirit: Big hombre, instinctive nationalist, zero use for liberals and their pieties.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Instead, some of them grew eccentric and adventurous, impulsive and experimental, instinctive and personal — at times, bordering on avant-garde.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
For now, one popular suggestion by news-literacy educators is to tap teenagers’ instinctive aversion to people telling them what to think.
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 天生的，生来的; 本能的，直觉的
分布：本能的(68%)，直觉的(18%)，天性的(14%)
→来自instinct,本能，天性。
adjective
■Instinctive behaviour or reactions are not thought about, planned or developed by training 本能的，直觉的
• an instinctive reaction 本能反应
adj. 本能的；直觉的；天生的
 - natural, born

Word: indefinite
Front: indefinite
[ɪnˈdefɪnət] (四六托雅 13974/11948 -1)
Vocabulary: indefinite
(once / 517 pages)
adj
The adjective indefinite describes something that is vague or not clearly defined: “After injuring her knee in a riding accident, Gloria postponed her vacation for an indefinite period of time.”
You’ve probably noticed that a big chunk of the word indefinite is made up of a familiar word, definite — which means “specific” or “clearly defined.” The two words have common origins in the Latin word definitus (“definite”), but indefinite’s in- prefix gives the word the opposite meaning — "not clearly defined". Indefinite, wonderfully vague and undefined, is your friend for those times when your plans are up in the air (“indefinite plans”) or you don’t want to be pinned down to any particular timeframe (“on indefinite hiatus”).
WORD FAMILY
indefinite: indefinitely, indefiniteness, indefinity+/ definite: definitely, definiteness, definitive, indefinite / definitive: definitively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unlike the United States, where the ban is indefinite, Canada said it will review its restrictions every five years.
Reuters(Dec 21, 2016)
Porczynski, 24, will serve an indefinite spell at a psychiatric unit.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
That’s because a chemical reaction inside an inappropriately packed container resulted in a radiation release and forced the facility’s indefinite closure.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 无限期的，无限期的; 不明确的，模糊的; 模糊的; [语]不定的
分布：不确定的(52%)，无限期的(24%)，模糊的(24%)
→in-,不，非，definite,明确的。
【记】definite（adj 明确的；一定的）
adjective
■not exact, not clear, or without clear limits 不确定的；不清楚的；无限期的
• The project has been postponed for an indefinite period. 这专案被无限延期了。
• an indefinite number of people 不确定的人数
faint, dim, indefinite, vague, obscure, ambiguous
这组词都有“不明确的，模糊的”的意思，其区别是：
faint: 指对某事物印象不深，或指声音微弱或希望的渺茫等。
dim: 侧重指或因光线暗淡，或因年代久远、身体欠佳等因素而产生视觉或察觉方面的困难。
indefinite: 指无明确定义或限定，重点或总体轮廓不明确。
vague: 多指因语言不确切，太笼统或因构思含糊、不完善而造成模糊难解。
obscure: 语气最强，指晦涩难懂。
ambiguous: 指文章或讲话中，意思可能有多种理解，令人捉摸不定。
adj. 不确定的；无限的；模糊的
 - fuzzy, huge, dark, infinite, unsure

Word: longtime
Front: longtime
['lɒŋtaɪm] (3536/33518)
Back: adj. （已持续）长时间的，为时甚久的
adv. 长久
分布：形容词(100%)
ADJ
为时甚久的；长时间的
You use long-time to describe something that has existed or been a particular thing for a long time.
例：Newcomers had to pay far more in taxes than long-time land owners...新的土地业主比老业主缴纳的税款要多很多。
例：She married her long-time boyfriend.她嫁给了多年的男友。
adv. 长久地
 - muchly

Word: interrogate
Front: interrogate
[ɪnˈterəgeɪt] (托雅宝 10405/11130 -1)
Vocabulary: interrogate
(once / 670 pages)
v
To interrogate is to ask someone a bunch of questions. Usually, it’s the police, FBI, or other law-enforcement officials who interrogate suspects, but your father-in-law may interrogate you about your career plans.
Interrogate comes from the Latin prefix inter-, “between” added to the Latin verb rogare, “to ask.” To interrogate someone is not just asking a few polite questions over a cup of tea. When you interrogate someone there is usually a method to the questioning with a specific mission in mind, like determining a criminal's motive or where she stashed the loot. Your college entrance interview may feel like an interrogation, but their mission is really just to get to know you.
WORD FAMILY
interrogate: interrogated, interrogates, interrogating, interrogation, interrogative, interrogator, interrogatory+/ interrogation: interrogations/ interrogative: interrogatively, interrogatives/interrogator: interrogators/interrogatory: interrogatories
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those whose names were found on the wanted list would be detained, interrogated and likely face trial.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“It would be one thing to round up suspects, interrogate them and put them on trial,” the letter said.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Episode of the year: Carlos Doesn’t Remember, the story of one scholarship student that interrogates the concept of meritocracy in the American education system.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 询问，审问; 提出问题; [计]询问
vi. 审问; 质问
时态：interrogated, interrogating, interrogates
分布：审问(49%)，质问(30%)，讯问(21%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，-rog,要求，询问，词源同reach,arrogate.引申词义质问，审问。
审问(inter在...中间+rog+ate→在[审问室]中问→审问)[Rog=ask表示"要求,问"]
【记】inter中间，rog问，ate－在犯人中间问－审问
【参】arrogant（adj 傲慢自大的）一再问别人
verb transitive
■to ask someone a lot of questions for a long time in order to get information, sometimes using threats or violence 讯问，审问，盘问
• Thousands of dissidents have been interrogated or imprisoned in recent weeks. 数千名持不同政见者在最近几周遭到审问或拘禁。
specialized
■to get information from a computer （在电脑上）查询
vt. 审问；质问； [计] 询问
 - question, query
vi. 审问；质问
 - question, bring to account

Word: outlandish
Front: outlandish
[aʊtˈlændɪʃ] (宝 15124/19449 -1)
Vocabulary: outlandish
(once / 3243 pages)
adj
If something is outlandish it's bizarre or unfamiliar, far outside the boundaries of expected or normal behavior. Driving around the city in a golf cart and eating spaghetti with pineapple sauce are both examples of outlandish behavior.
It's easy to imagine how the word outlandish originated. The Old English root is utland, which literally means "out-land," or foreign. Now, it would be inappropriate to refer to a foreigner as outlandish, unless, say, he shows up to the office in a red patent-leather Speedo and a ten-gallon hat.
WORD FAMILY
outlandish: outlandisher, outlandishly, outlandishness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those outlandish blocks, which few at his position do better.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
And the goal of more than doubling the national minimum wage seemed outlandish.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
“The unfairness of the whole situation in its entirety is just outlandish and upsetting,” Jordan said.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 古怪的，奇异的; 异国风味的; 粗鲁笨拙
分布：奇异的(71%)，异国风格的(29%)
→out-,向外，超过，land,土地。原指外国人，引申词义古怪的。
奇异的(out+land地→ish→外地来的→奇异的)[out-①表示"超过,过度"②表示"出去,过时"]
disapproving
adjective
■strange and unusual and difficult to accept or like 稀奇古怪的；不寻常的；难以接受的
• an outlandish hairstyle/outfit 古怪的发型／装束
adj. 古怪的；奇异的；异国风格的；偏僻的
 - remote, lonely, funny, odd, fantastic

Word: meritocracy
Front: meritocracy
[ˌmerɪˈtɒkrəsi] (25539/36343)
Vocabulary: meritocracy
(once / 48640 pages)
n
Meritocracy is the belief — or a social system founded on that belief — that rulers should be chosen for their abilities rather than for their wealth or family tree.
Meritocracy, coined in 1958 by Michael Young, is a combination of merit ("goodness worthy of praise or reward") and aristocracy, meaning "the highest class in certain societies." In a government based on meritocracy, the leaders are chosen because they are the smartest and have best judgment. They can come from the poorest, most humble background just as long as they are the most noble and fit to rule.
WORD FAMILY
meritocracy: meritocracies, meritocratic+/meritocratic: meritocratically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Episode of the year: Carlos Doesn’t Remember, the story of one scholarship student that interrogates the concept of meritocracy in the American education system.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Trump is the end of meritocracy in government.
New York Times(Nov 12, 2016)
“Because the Star Fleet is supposed to be a meritocracy,” Takei says.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 知识界精华
分布：精英制度(56%)，能者为领袖的制度(22%)，精英领导(22%)
→merit,才能，-cracy,管理，词源同democracy.引申词义精英领导体制。
US [-'tɑ:.krə-] noun countable or uncountable
■a social system or society in which people have power because of their abilities, not because of their money or social position 精英领导体制；精英管理的社会
• The prime minister claims he wants to create a classless meritocracy in Britain. 首相称他想在英国建立一个无阶级的精英治国社会。
n. 英才教育（制度）；精英管理的社会
 - elite education

Word: oak
Front: oak
[əʊk] (研六宝 4423/3645 -2)
Vocabulary: oak
(once / 211 pages)
n
An oak is a tree that typically sheds its leaves in the winter and grows acorns as fruit. If you get hit on the head with an acorn, you are probably standing under an oak.
There are many species of oaks, a few of which are evergreen, keeping their leaves all year, but most have bright leaves in the fall and are bare for the winter months. An oak table or oak desk is made from the sturdy wood of an oak tree. The strength of oaks has inspired several countries to adopt them as symbols on money and flags, and in 2004 the oak was voted the national tree by the US Congress.
WORD FAMILY
oak: oaks
USAGE EXAMPLES
The oak leaf panels were merely place holders.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Months later, this coastal Georgia city hopes to see wood from the majestic oak preserved as works of art.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Cross Timbers State Park: The hike along the half-mile Post Oak Trail begins at 2 p.m.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 栎树; 橡木色; 栎木，橡木; 橡木家具
adj. 栎树的; 栎木制的
分布：橡木(53%)，橡树(47%)
→来自古英语ac,橡树。
n.橡树,橡木a.橡木的From acorns come oaks.橡树来自橡子.
US [oʊk] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a large tree that is common especially in northern countries, or the hard wood of this tree 橡树；栎树；橡木；栎木
• a mighty oak 巨大的橡树
• The timbers of those old sailing ships were mainly oak. 制造那些老帆船的木料主要是橡木。
• an oak table/cupboard 橡木桌／橱
UK [əʊk] US [oʊk] noun countable or uncountable
Tall / Great oaks from little acorns grow. saying
■said about organizations or plans which start off very small or simple and become extremely large or successful 参天巨树萌生于幼籽；合抱之木生于毫末
adj. [植] 栎树的；栎木制的
 - quercine

Word: novice
Front: novice
[ˈnɒvɪs] (托雅宝 7564/7095 -2)
Vocabulary: novice
(once / 1396 pages)
n
If you're a novice at snowboarding, you're just learning the sport. On the Internet, a novice might be called a newbie, but your parents would call one a beginner.
Novice is derived from the Latin word novus, which means new. A novice is new to what they do, so a novice photographer is just learning how to take nice pictures. Other words related to novice are novel "new, unusual," and innovate "to invent, begin with new ideas." Novice can also mean a member of a Christian order who has not yet taken their vows.
WORD FAMILY
novice: novices
USAGE EXAMPLES
In a year marked by major political surprises, including Brexit and the unexpected election of political novice Donald Trump to U.S.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
The Vatican requires at least three nuns to train novices to become nuns, prompting the decision to shut the abbey down.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Along with a photo of women in skimpy vest tops it warned that "not all quadcopters are user-friendly to novices, especially ladies".
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 初学者，新手; 新信徒; 尚未赢过大赛的赛马
分布：新手(92%)，新信徒(8%)
→来自拉丁语novus,新的，词源同new.引申词义新人，新手。
新手(now+ice表示人)[nov=new,表示"新的"]
新手(nov新+ice)[-ice表名词"行为,状态"]
【记】原指：一个已加入某种宗教但还没有最后宣誓的人no没有，vice（n 恶习）：没有恶习的人－新手
US ['nɑ:.vɪs] noun countable
■a person who is not experienced in a job or situation 新手，初学者
• I've never driven a car before - I'm a complete novice. 我以前从未开过车——完全是个新手。
• This is quite a difficult plant for novice gardeners to grow. 让园艺新手来培育这种植物是相当有难度的。
■a person who is still training to be a monk or a nun 见习修士（或修女）
n. 初学者，新手
 - learner, beginner

Word: rex

Word: repress
Front: repress
[rɪˈpres] (研托 13023/14291 -1)
Vocabulary: repress
(once / 486 pages)
1v 2v
Whether you're repressing a feeling, an idea or even a revolution you're almost always going to be taking advantage of the press in repress. To repress something is to "press it down" where it can't be seen, heard or even recognized.
Psychologists often try to help people recover memories that they've repressed so that they can feel free of them once and for all. What makes repress different from press is that repress is almost always used when you're talking about an idea, concept or something intangible. In other words, you repress, say, your emotions. You don't repress olives to get olive oil. However, you can repress someone or some group by intimidating them — like repressing the protesters by sending out cops on horseback.
WORD FAMILY
repress: repressed, represser, represses, repressing, repression, repressive +/ repressed: repressedly, unrepressed/represser: repressers/repressing: repressingly/ repression: repressions/ repressive: repressively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Twenty-six years later, “Freedom! 90” is still an essential rallying cry for just about repressed group seeking comfort, strength, inspiration, and resolve.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
The underpinnings are invisible to outsiders, who aren’t privy to the jealousy and passion and dependency and repressed desire that often hold sway.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Said Mr. Kipp: “The regime’s use of force to repress demonstrations brought a wide range of resistance groups into the field.”
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: v. 抑制; 镇压; 压抑
时态：repressed, repressing, represses
分布：抑制(51%)，镇压(33%)，压抑(16%)
→re-,向后，往回，press,按，压。引申词义克制，镇压等。
镇压;抑制(感情)(re回+press→压回去→镇压)[press=press表示"挤压"]
【记】源于：press（v /n 压）
【反】foster，（v 养育；鼓励）
verb transitive
■to not allow something, especially feelings, to be expressed 压抑，压制，克制（尤指感情）
• He repressed a sudden desire to cry. 他突然想哭，但他控制住了自己。
■to control what people do, especially by using force （尤指用武力）镇压，压制，制止
vt. 抑制；镇压（叛乱等）；约束
 - restrict, control, stay
vi. 抑制；镇压
 - choke back, to suppress

Word: procedural
Front: procedural
[prə'si:dʒərəl] (8969/7363 -1)
Vocabulary: procedural
(once / 7500 pages)
adj
If you have to follow so many rules at work that it seems like nothing ever gets done, you could say that the procedural requirements of your job are getting you down. The adjective procedural describes something related to a required or standard course of action.
Legal types are probably already familiar with the word procedural, which is often used to describe matters related to the law. The Senate, for example, may cite procedural roadblocks as the reason why nothing has been accomplish in a session. So that would give the Senate something in common with your workplace: having too many rules to follow — "procedural overload" — makes things take a long time.
WORD FAMILY
procedural: procedurally+/ procedure: procedural, procedures/ proceed: procedure, proceeded, proceeding, proceedings, proceeds, procession / procession: processional, processions/processional: processionally, processionals
USAGE EXAMPLES
One case with Okarche-area landowners was dismissed for procedural reasons.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Along with procedural errors, she said, she was bothered that the man’s status as a football player was injected into the proceedings.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Several months later, after a process marred by procedural errors, five different panelists convened to rule on the matter again.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 程序的; 有关程序的
分布：程序的(92%)，警察疑案作品(8%)
ADJ
程序上的；程序性的
Procedural means involving a formal procedure.
例：A Spanish judge rejected the suit on procedural grounds...一个西班牙法官基于程序上的原因驳回了诉讼。
例：The Paris talks will mainly be about procedural matters.巴黎会谈将主要围绕程序上的事宜。

Word: quibble
Front: quibble
[ˈkwɪbl] (托宝 19608/21011)
Vocabulary: quibble
(once / 3779 pages)
vn
A quibble is a small argument or fight. As a verb, it means to pick a mini-fight over something that doesn't really matter. "Let's not quibble over price," people will say, usually when they plan to gouge you.
It's better to watch figure skating with the sound off, rather than listening to the announcers quibble over a not-fully-rotated knee or the slightly diminished altitude of a jump. Sometimes a quibble between neighbors over two feet of property can escalate into a major feud.
WORD FAMILY
quibble: quibbled, quibbler, quibbles, quibbling+/quibbler: quibblers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Brushing aside quibbles about costs, he once advised a colleague: “A few million dollars are lost in the sands of time.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
A purist would find much to quibble with.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
“Naturally, there are points on which I would quibble, but this is Michael’s book, not mine,” he wrote.
New York Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: n. 吹毛求疵的反对意见或批评，遁词，模棱两可的话
vi. 使用遁词，含糊其辞，吹毛求疵
时态：quibbled, quibbling, quibbles
分布：吹毛求疵(34%)，谬论(16%)，遁辞(13%)，说模棱两可的话(11%)，推托(11%)，争论(5%)，说俏皮话(5%)，双关话(5%)
→来自quib,逃避问题实质。-le,表反复。
【记】读：快跑。见到有人quibble就快跑。
disapproving
verb intransitive
■to argue about, or say you disapprove of, something that is not important 吹毛求疵，为小事而争吵
• There's no point quibbling about/over a couple of dollars. 为几块钱而吵架毫无意义。
['kwɪb.l] disapproving
noun countable
■a complaint or criticism about something that is not very important （对小事的）抱怨或批评
• My only quibble is that the colour wasn't very nice. 我唯一不太满意的是颜色不太好。
n. 谬论；双关语；遁辞
 - fallacy, idola
vi. 诡辩；挑剔；说模棱两可的话
 - prove that black is white and white black, carp at

Word: sofa
Front: sofa
[ˈsəʊfə] (中高研六 4782/5140 -2)
Back: n. 沙发
分布：沙发(100%)
→来自土耳其语 sofa,来自阿拉伯语 suffah,铺着垫子或毯子的石凳或木凳。后用于指现代意义 上的沙发。
n.长沙发,沙发He reclined on the sofa reading a magazine.他躺在沙发上看杂志.
US ['soʊ-] (UK also settee)
noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■a long soft seat with a back and usually arms, on which more than one person can sit at the same time 沙发
sofa, couch
这组词都有“沙发”的意思，其区别是：
sofa: 指有扶手和靠背，可供多人坐或一个人睡的长沙发，也泛指沙发。
couch: 指供昼夜坐卧，似床一样的长沙发或睡椅。
n. [家具] 沙发；长椅
 - lounges

Word: tribesman
Front: tribesman
[ˈtraɪbzmən] (17981/21090)
Back: n. 部落的男子; 部落成员，同宗族的人
分布：部落的一员(100%)
noun countable
■a man who belongs to a tribe 部落男子；部族男子

Word: wholesaler
Front: wholesaler
['həʊlseɪlə(r)] (托 13985/11963 -1)
Vocabulary: wholesaler
(once / 9388 pages)
n
A wholesaler is a person or business that sells items to retail stores that will then sell them to individual customers for a higher price.
You could also call a wholesaler a distributer. Anyone who sells goods to other businesses, rather than directly to customers, is a wholesaler. The bookshop in your town and the big box store in a strip mall are both retailers, buying goods from wholesalers, who sell them large quantities of books or patio furniture that they in turn sell to individual shoppers.
WORD FAMILY
wholesaler: wholesalers+/ wholesale: wholesaled, wholesaler, wholesales, wholesaling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Existing wholesalers will be allowed to operate outside their previously designated areas, run marketing campaigns and introduce “modern ways of distribution.”
Seattle Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Police say the trio used a pry-bar and hammer to break into HGK Holdings jewelry wholesaler on West 36th Street at about 11 p.m.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The lobster association is a group of wharf operators, processors, dealers and wholesalers in New England.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 批发商
分布：批发商(100%)
US ['hoʊlˌseɪ.lɚ] noun countable
■someone who buys and sells goods in large amounts to shops and businesses 批发商
• a furniture wholesaler 家俱批发商
n. [贸易] 批发商
 - desk jobber, merchant

Word: abort
Front: abort
[əˈbɔ:t] (托雅 12402/13979 -1)
Vocabulary: abort
(once / 561 pages)
vn
To abort something is to end it. When something is aborted, it's finished.
In a movie, you may have seen people on some kind of mission yelling "Abort! Abort!" That means "Stop!" When you abort a plan or activity, you're ending it, usually prematurely. If you abort a dinner, you cancel it in the middle. If the police abort a raid, they stop it after it has already begun. A writer could abort a novel after writing a chapter or two. You can't abort something that hasn't been started: that's more like canceling or postponing.
WORD FAMILY
abort: aborted, aborting, abortion, abortive, aborts+/ abortion: abortionist, abortions/abortionist: abortionists/ abortive: abortively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Symptoms include fever, nasal secretions, poor balance, anorexia and aborted pregnancies.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Symptoms include fever, nasal secretions, trouble with balance and anorexia, as well as aborted pregnancies.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Perry is close to Texas energy industry executives, and his political campaigns, including two aborted presidential campaigns, benefited substantially from their donations.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vt. 使流产; 使夭折; 使中止
vi. 流产; 堕胎; 发育不全
n. 流产; 中止计划
时态：aborted, aborting, aborts
分布：中止(58%)，流产(32%)，堕胎(10%)
→前缀ab-, 离开，非。词根ori, 升起,同origin. -t, 过去分词格。指没有正常出生的，即流产。
US [-'bɔ:rt] verb
STOP 中止
transitive
■to cause something to stop or fail before it begins or before it is complete 中止；使夭折；使中途失败
• The plan/flight had to be aborted at the last minute. 计划／飞行被迫在最后一刻取消。
UK [ə'bɔ:t] US [-'bɔ:rt] verb
END PREGNANCY 停止妊娠
transitive
■to stop the development of a baby that has not been born, usually by having a medical operation （通常指透过手术）堕胎，人工流产
• Do you think it's wrong to use aborted foetuses for medical research? 你是否认为用流产的婴儿做医学研究不道德？
intransitive
■another word for miscarry miscarry 的另一种说法 See at miscarriage
vi. 流产；堕胎；夭折；发育不全
 - miscarry, come to an untimely end
vt. 使流产；使中止
 - discontinue

Word: disadvantaged
Front: disadvantaged
[ˌdɪsədˈvɑ:ntɪdʒd] (8915/8816 -1)
Back: adj. 贫穷的，处于不利地位的; 社会地位低下的
n. 不利条件
vt. 使处于不利地位(disadvantage的过去式和过去分词)
分布：处于不利地位的(49%)，贫困的(44%)，动词disadvantage的过去式和过去分词形式.(7%)
US [-'væn.tˌɪdʒd] adjective
■not having the standard of living conditions, education, etc. that most people have 处于劣势的，处于不利地位的
• A new educational programme has been set up for economically disadvantaged children. 一个新的面向贫困儿童的教育计划已经设立。
UK [ˌdɪs.əd'vɑ:n.tɪdʒd] US [-'væn.tˌɪdʒd] plural noun
the disadvantaged
■people who do not have good living conditions, a good standard of education, etc., considered as a group 弱势人群，弱势群体
• These measures are intended to help the disadvantaged. 采取这些措施旨在帮助弱势群体。
adj. 贫困的；处于不利地位的；社会地位低下的
 - needy, underprivileged
n. 弱势团体；不利条件
 - drawback, adverse condition

Word: ambivalence
Front: ambivalence
[æm'bɪvələns] (托宝 9873/12403)
Vocabulary: ambivalence
(once / 16371 pages)
n
Someone who shows ambivalence about a person or thing has conflicting feelings. If you love your mom but find her totally embarrassing, you might feel ambivalent about having her give a presentation at your school.
Originally a psychological term, ambivalence was borrowed from the German word Ambivalenz, coined in 1910 by the Swiss psychologist Eugen Bleuler. The German word was formed from the Latin prefix ambi- "in two ways" plus Latin valentia "vigor, strength."
WORD FAMILY
ambivalence: ambivalences+/ ambivalent: ambivalence, ambivalency, ambivalently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some worry that the government’s obvious ambivalence is imperilling the entire reconciliation process.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
These artists may regard the divine with a measure of ambivalence, but they rarely speak from a place of neutrality.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Here he was, caught in a middle ground of ambivalence.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 矛盾情绪; 矛盾心理; 摇摆; 犹豫
分布：矛盾心理(81%)，矛盾情绪(19%)
【反】commitment（n 一心一意；许诺）
ADJ-GRADED
摇摆不定的；犹豫不决的
If you say that someone is ambivalent about something, they seem to be uncertain whether they really want it, or whether they really approve of it.
例：She remained ambivalent about her marriage...她对于自己的婚事仍然拿不定主意。
例：He maintained an ambivalent attitude to the Church throughout his long life.在他漫长的一生中，他对基督教信仰始终是一种摇摆不定的态度。

Word: disconnect
Front: disconnect
[ˌdɪskəˈnekt] (托 8173/11279 -1)
Vocabulary: disconnect
(once / 2137 pages)
vn
When you disconnect something, you detach or separate it from something else. If you work plowing driveways during the winter, you need to disconnect the plow from your truck in the spring.
You can disconnect toy train cars, and you can also disconnect your laptop from its charger. In fact, unplugging electrical appliances is another way to disconnect something. Disconnect also means a lack of understanding or connection. So there might be a disconnect between you and your brother, or between what a politician promises to do and what she actually does. Disconnect combines dis-, "the opposite of" with connect, from the Latin conectere, "join together."
WORD FAMILY
disconnect: disconnected, disconnecting, disconnection, disconnects+/ connect: connected, connecter, connecting, connection, connective, connector, connects, connexion, disconnect, interconnect/connected: connectedly, connectedness, unconnected / connection: connections/ connective: connectively, connectives, connectivity/connector: connectors/connexion: connexions/disconnected: disconnectedly, disconnectedness/disconnectedness: disconnectednesses/ disconnection: disconnections/interconnect: interconnected, interconnecting, interconnection, interconnects/interconnected: interconnectedness/interconnection: interconnections/ unconnected: unconnectedly, unconnectedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cultural connection or disconnect: On our way to some volcanic tourist sites, we drove past several farms with small bullfighting arenas.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Phone numbers listed for those individuals were disconnected or not working.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
For food trucks, winter is the season of their disconnect.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 切断; 断开; 拆开; 使（电话线路）中断
时态：disconnected, disconnecting, disconnects
分布：断开(83%)，拆开(10%)，使分离(7%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。connect, 连接。
拆开,分离(dis分开+connect连结)[Nect,nex=bind,表示"连结"]
verb transitive
■to unfasten something, especially to break the connection between a supply of electricity, gas, water, etc. and a device or piece of equipment 切断（电、气、水等供应）
• Never try to mend a broken machine without disconnecting it from the electricity supply. 机器坏了一定要先切断电源再去修理。
■to stop supplying electricity/gas/water/telephone services, especially because money has not been paid （尤指因未缴费而）停止供应（电、气、水、电话等服务）
■If you are disconnected while speaking on the telephone, the telephone connection is suddenly broken and you can no longer continue your conversation. 使（电话）断线，将（电话）中断
vt. 拆开，使分离
 - separate, split, divorce
vi. 断开
 - trip out, key out

Word: inconsistency
Front: inconsistency
[ˌɪnkən'sɪstənsɪ] (9298/8719)
Vocabulary: inconsistency
(once / 1339 pages)
n
When there's inconsistency, things are not the same. An example of inconsistency in parenting might be when parents give different allowances to kids who are the same age.
There's a lot of inconsistency in the world. Some restaurants will serve delicious food most of the time, but not all the time. Teachers in different classes will have different rules for what is expected. Another type of inconsistency is between ideas or propositions. For example, if you want to lose weight but cannot stop eating donuts, there is a major inconsistency between those two ideas. Anywhere you find things that are changing or varying, there is inconsistency.
WORD FAMILY
inconsistency: inconsistencies+/ consistent: consistently, inconsistent, self-consistent/ inconsistent: inconsistency, inconsistently
USAGE EXAMPLES
That increases the likelihood of inconsistencies and errors.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
That’s how players overcome inconsistency, by playing their best when the alternative seems dire.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
INCONSISTENCIES: Both teams were perplexingly inconsistent this season.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 不一致，不协调; 前后矛盾，不一贯
分布：不一致(74%)，矛盾(25%)，不调和(1%)
【记】consistency（n 连结；一致性；连贯性）con共同，sist站立－一致
N-UNCOUNT
(行为的)反复无常,易变
If you refer to someone's inconsistency, you are criticizing them for not behaving in the same way every time a similar situation occurs.
例：His worst fault was his inconsistency...他最大的缺点就是反复无常。
例：The report accuses the judicial system of inconsistency and partiality.报告指责司法系统执法前后不一且有失公正。
N-VAR
前后矛盾;不一致
If there are inconsistencies in two statements, one cannot be true if the other is true.
例：We were asked to investigate the alleged inconsistencies in his evidence.我们被要求对他证词中的前后矛盾之处进行调查。
例：...the complete inconsistency of his argument.他的论点全然自相矛盾
n. 不一致；易变
 - variance, disagreement, disparity, volatility

Word: interlocutor
Front: interlocutor
[ˌɪntəˈlɒkjətə(r)] (宝 18921/23189)
Vocabulary: interlocutor
(once / 6172 pages)
n
An interlocutor is someone who participates in a discussion or conversation, sometimes as a go-between. If you and your friend are in an argument and aren't speaking, a third friend could act as an interlocutor, delivering messages back and forth.
Interlocutor traces back to the Latin word interloqui, meaning “to speak between.” We use interlocutor either for "a conversation partner," or for "a third party in a conversation," like a middleman who speaks on behalf of an organization. It's also an old term for the guy in a minstrel show who questions all the other performers as a way of moving the act forward. "What's that you say? A funky dance? Go on and show us then."
WORD FAMILY
interlocutor: interlocutors
USAGE EXAMPLES
But as Zhou Enlai told American interlocutors, the communists would surely lean toward Moscow — how far might depend on Washington.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
“At the other pole, some interlocutors suggested that building names ought to change according to a regular schedule, perhaps every fifty years.”
Slate(Dec 02, 2016)
Yet the most successful interlocutors with super-fans are in fact the very high-tech companies that are most disruptive of old business models.
Economist(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. <正>参加谈话的人
分布：对话者(80%)，谈话者(20%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，-loc,说话，词源同locution,colloquy.
【记】inter相互，locut说话，or人－对话者
【参】locution（n 独特的措辞；惯用语）
US [-tˌɚ'lɑ:.kjə.tˌɚ] formal
noun countable
■someone who is involved in a conversation 对话者，参加谈话者
■someone who is involved in a conversation and who is representing someone else （谈话中的）代言人
• Abraham was able to act as interpreter and interlocutor for our group. 亚伯拉罕可以充当我们小组的口译员和代言人。
n. 对话者；谈话者
 - dialogist

Word: liar
Front: liar
[ˈlaɪə(r)] (四六 6677/8814 -1)
Vocabulary: liar
(once / 732 pages)
n
A liar is someone who doesn't tell the truth. A liar tells lies.
"Liar, liar, pants on fire," a phrase of unknown origin, is a children's jump-rope rhyme also used as a playground taunt. Adults, and especially political commentators, have also been known to use the phrase or part of it as a particularly demeaning insult aimed at politicians who make outrageous claims that can't possibly be true. Notice that liar ends in -ar, not -er, as you might expect.
WORD FAMILY
liar: liars+/ lie: lain, liar, lied, lies, lying, overlie, underlie /lied: lieder, lieds/ lying: lyings/overlie: overlain, overlies, overlying/ underlie: underlain, underlies, underlying
USAGE EXAMPLES
In other words, perhaps the incoming president of the United States is a great big liar, a conscienceless opportunist and an unprincipled, amoral, convictionless fraud.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Friends told my partner she was lucky to be with such a bad liar.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“Anyone who says there’s a militia here is a liar,” Sproul said.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 说谎者
分布：骗子(53%)，说谎者(47%)
→来自lie,撒谎，-ar,人。
说谎者(lie说谎)[-ar 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,物"]
【记】源于：lie（v 躺；v 说谎）
US [-ɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■someone who tells lies 骗子，说谎者
• He's such a liar - you can't trust a word he says. 他是个大骗子——他说的话一句都不能信。
• [as form of address] You liar - I never touched it! 你这个谎话连篇的家伙——我从未动过它！

Word: mercer
Front: mercer
['mɜ:sə] (-/16683)
Back: n. <英>稠布商
分布：绸缎商人(50%)，布商(50%)
n. 绸缎商人；布商；呢绒布商
 - clother, draper

Word: piety
Front: piety
[ˈpaɪəti] (雅 11884/12476)
Vocabulary: piety
(once / 523 pages)
n
Piety is devotion to God or to religious practices. Nuns who pray all day long are famous for their piety. If you have filial piety it means you're devoted to your parents.
Piety is sometimes used in a disapproving way to mean that the person is only pretending to be devoted or good. Piety was borrowed from French pieté "piety, pity," from Latin pietas, from pius "devoted, kind." This Latin adjective is the source of our English adjective pious.
WORD FAMILY
piety: pieties
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe he hopes Mr. Putin will see him as a kindred spirit: Big hombre, instinctive nationalist, zero use for liberals and their pieties.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Despite marrying and fathering several children, Rasputin abandoned family life in search of Orthodox Christian religious devotion and piety.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Conservative men tell of being ousted from the staunchly secularist military because of their piety.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 虔诚，虔敬
分布：虔诚(74%)，孝顺(26%)
→来自法语piete,虔诚，忠诚，怜悯，同情，来自拉丁语pietas,尽职，忠诚，笃信上帝，来自pius,友好的，善良的，词源同pity,pious.因主要用于词义虔诚，也可用于指孝顺，孝道。
【记】pious（adj 虔诚的）的名词；参：impious（adj 不尊敬的；不虔诚的）pie意大利圣馅饼，ty：吃圣饼的人是虔诚的
US ['paɪə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable (also piousness)
■strong belief in a religion that is shown in the way someone lives （对宗教）虔诚的
n. 虔诚；孝敬；虔诚的行为或语言
 - godliness, religiosity

Word: recorder
Front: recorder
[rɪˈkɔ:də(r)] (中高研四六雅 6015/4975 -2)
Vocabulary: recorder
(once / 1808 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A recorder is a machine that reproduces (or records) sound. A reporter might use a recorder during an interview. A recorder is also often a first musical instrument for kids, who crank out “Hot Cross Buns” at top volume.
A digital recorder and the recorder on your cell phone are both examples of electronic recorders. A person whose job involves taking notes or keeping written records during a meeting can also be called a recorder. A now-obsolete meaning of the verb record is "practice a tune," and from this came the 15th century name of the musical instrument called a recorder. These wind instruments are still around, not just in elementary schools.
WORD FAMILY
recorder: recorders+/prerecord: prerecorded, prerecording/ record: prerecord, recorded, recorder, recording, records/ recorded: unrecorded/ recording: recordings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it would be the same as talking to a tape recorder.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Officials are analyzing the plane’s flight recorders to determine the cause.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The ministry said the second recorder was lifted from the seabed Wednesday.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 录音机; 直笛; 记录员; 刑事法院法官
分布：记录员(54%)，竖笛(33%)，市法院法官(13%)
→来自 record,记录，录音。
n.记录员;录音机According to the record, the cord was the oldest recorder the people could afford.据记载,绳子是人们用得起的最古老的记录器.
US [-'kɔ:r.dɚ] noun countable
INSTRUMENT 乐器
■a musical instrument consisting of a wooden or plastic tube which you blow down while covering holes with your fingers 竖笛；直笛
UK [rɪ'kɔ:.dər] US [-'kɔ:r.dɚ] noun countable
JUDGE 法官 UK a judge 法官
UK [rɪ'kɔ:.dər] US [-'kɔ:r.dɚ] noun countable
DEVICE 装置
■a cassette recorder , a tape recorder or a video recorder
n. [电讯] 录音机； [法] [仪] [电子] 记录器；记录员；八孔直笛
 - tape-recorder, dictating machine

Word: residency
Front: residency
[ˈrezɪdənsi] (9370/24216 -1)
Back: n. 住所; （实习医师的）高级专科住院实习期
分布：居住(79%)，住所(12%)，管辖区(9%)
['rez.ɪ.dənt.si] formal
noun uncountable
■the fact of living in a place 居住；定居
• There is a residency requirement for obtaining citizenship. 要成为这里的公民需要满足一定的居住时间要求。
n. 住处；住院医生实习期
 - accommodation, dwelling place

Word: suicidal
Front: suicidal
[ˌsu:ɪˈsaɪdl] (8788/13974 -1)
Back: adj. （想）自杀的，自杀性的; 自我毁灭的，自取灭亡的; 于己不利
分布：自杀的(69%)，自杀性的(27%)，自我毁减的(4%)
→suicide,自杀，-al,形容词后缀。
adjective
DEATH 死亡
■People who are suicidal want to kill themselves or are in a mental state in which it is likely that they will try to do so 想自杀的；有自杀倾向的
• Pete was so depressed after his girlfriend left him that I actually thought he was suicidal. 彼特自女朋友离开后情绪就非常低落，实际上，我认为他有自杀倾向。
■describes behaviour that is likely to result in death 有致命危险的；极为冒险的
• He took some suicidal risks. 他冒了很大的险，几乎是玩命。
[ˌsu:.ɪ'saɪ.dəl] adjective
DEFEAT 毁灭
■A suicidal act causes the defeat of the person who does it 自杀性的，自取灭亡的；自我毁灭性的
• It would be suicidal for the Prime Minister to call an election at a time when he's so unpopular. 首相在自己如此不得人心的时候举行选举，将会自毁前程。
adj. 自杀的，自杀性的；自我毁灭的；自取灭亡的
 - banzai

Word: upsurge
Front: upsurge
[ˈʌpsɜ:dʒ] (宝 20132/12040 -1)
Vocabulary: upsurge
(once / 16531 pages)
n
An upsurge is when there's a sudden rise of something's strength or size. Hordes of people walking around your town with cameras might be due to an upsurge in tourism, for example.
News shows often announce that there's an upsurge of crime or an upsurge of available jobs in public education. The noun upsurge is most often used in this figurative way, rather than to talk about something literally surging up, like stormy waves. These are more likely to be described as a surge, which is actually the root of upsurge — a surge is a "high, rolling swell of water," from the Latin surgere, "to rise."
WORD FAMILY
upsurge: upsurges
USAGE EXAMPLES
The DRC’s restive east remains a battleground for rival ethnic militias, with a recent upsurge of violence there a concern to many experts.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The violence also raised new questions about Germany’s light security posture amid an upsurge of terror in Europe.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Reports of upsurges in anger come at us from all corners.
Salon(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 高潮; 高涨
vi. 高涨; 涌起
分布：高潮(47%)，高涨(39%)，增长(14%)
→up,向上，surge,浪涌。引申义激增。
【记】up上，surge（n 浪潮）－浪潮向上－高涨
US [-sɝ:dʒ] noun countable
■a sudden and usually large increase in something 急剧上升，猛增
• An upsurge of/in violence in the district has been linked to increased unemployment. 该地区暴力事件的猛增与失业率上升有关。
n. [海洋] 高潮，高涨
 - wave, climax
vi. 涌起，高涨
 - gather steam, comb

Word: waive
Front: waive
[weɪv] (托宝 10383/11896 -1)
Vocabulary: waive
(once / 1539 pages)
v
To waive is to give up one's right to do something. If you waive your right to help name your family's new puppy, you can't complain if he ends up being called "Mr. Tinkerbell Sweetheart Lovey-Face."
Waive comes from a Middle English word meaning to abandon; the word waif, which refers to a neglected or orphaned child, shares the same root. However, while abandoning a child on a street corner is not okay, waiving one's right to do something is in most cases perfectly acceptable. A document stating one's decision to give up one's rights is appropriately called a waiver.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
wave / waive
To wave is to move to and fro, like when you wave your hand. Hello there! To waive, with a sneaky "i," is to give up your right to do something.
Waves come in many forms. You can wave your hand, a hanky, or even a baseball hat to say hello or acknowledge someone, as in this example:
Fans around the green gave him a standing ovation, and Guan waved his baseball cap in acknowledgment.
A wave is also that big moving hill of water you can surf on:
Surfing students exercise on their boards before hitting the waves.
Other things are called waves, too — if a lot of people come in somewhere, for example, call it a wave of people. It's often used as a metaphor for things that act like ocean waves:
Maybe the great wave of social change has simply crested.
To waive, on the other hand, is to surrender, as in give up your rights to something. If you go scuba diving at a resort, you might have to waive your right to sue if something goes wrong. Here are some examples:
It also announced a mandatory arbitration clause, forcing users to waive their rights to participate in a class action lawsuit except under very limited circumstances.
Meanwhile, following budget cuts, the LOC board members have waived their salaries.
Waive is always a transitive verb, so you have to waive something. The other kind of wave doesn't need an object — although you can wave your hat, you don't have to. You can just wave. If you waive your salary, even for a good cause, you can wave goodbye to your money!
WORD FAMILY
waive: waived, waiver, waives, waiving+/ waiver: waivers
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Los Angeles, some landlords are offering six months of free parking, and some in Houston are waiving security deposits.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
But in February, Mr. Su waived his challenge to extradition and cut a deal with the United States.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“Now it’s not just the shelters waiving adoption fees,” Alboum said.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 宣布放弃; 搁置; 推迟; 放弃（权利、要求等）
时态：waived, waiving, waives
分布：放弃(79%)，搁置(8%)，不坚持(7%)，推迟(6%)
→来自waif,摇摆，舍弃，扔弃。
【记】为了wife可以waive一切。
[weɪv] formal
verb transitive
■to not demand something you have a right to, or not cause a rule to be obeyed 放弃（权利）；不遵守（规则）
• The bank manager waived the charge (= said we didn't have to pay) , as we were old and valued customers. 那位银行经理没有收取我们的费用，因为我们是尊贵的老顾客。
• If the government waives (= removes) the time limit, many more applications will come in. 假如政府取消时间限制，那么就会收到多得多的申请。
• He persuaded the delegates to waive (= give up) their objections. 他说服代表们不再反对。
vt. 放弃；搁置
 - desert, yield, table, quit

Word: carving
Front: carving
[ˈkɑ:vɪŋ] (托雅 8224/8844 -1)
Back: n. 雕刻; 雕刻品
v. 雕刻( carve的现在分词); 分割
分布：雕刻(86%)，雕刻品(9%)，雕刻术(4%)，动词carve的现在分词.(1%)
US ['kɑ:r-] noun countable or uncountable
■a shape or pattern cut into wood or stone or the skill of doing this 雕刻品；雕刻图案；雕刻技艺
• wooden/stone carvings 木／石雕
n. [轻] 雕刻；雕刻品；雕刻术
 - sculpture, engraving
v. [轻] 雕刻（carve的ing形式）
 - sculpting

Word: ceramic
Front: ceramic
[səˈræmɪk] (六雅宝 7807/10129 -2)
Back: adj. 陶器的，与陶器有关的; 陶瓷的，陶制的; 制陶的
n. 陶瓷制品; 陶瓷器; 制陶艺术; 陶瓷装潢艺术
分布：陶器(50%)，陶器的(35%)，陶瓷学(15%)
→可能来自词根crem, 燃烧，词源同carbon, cremate, hearth.
陶瓷[ceram=earth(陶土)]
【记】ce色，ram词根：羊－彩色的羊－丰饶角（是用陶瓷做的）
【参】ceramics（n 制陶业）；ceram（n 陶瓷）；ceramist（n 陶艺家）
N-MASS
陶瓷
Ceramic is clay that has been heated to a very high temperature so that it becomes hard.
例：...ceramic tiles.瓷砖
例：...items made from hand-painted ceramic.手绘瓷砖制品
N-COUNT
陶瓷装饰品;陶瓷制品
Ceramics are ceramic ornaments or objects.
例：...a collection of Chinese ceramics.一批中国陶瓷
N-UNCOUNT
制陶术
Ceramics is the art of making artistic objects out of clay.
adj. [陶瓷] 陶瓷的；陶器的；制陶艺术的
 - keramic, vitrified
n. [陶瓷] 陶瓷；陶瓷制品
 - cer, pottery and porcelain

Word: colonialism
Front: colonialism
[kəˈləʊniəlɪzəm] (10777/16256 -1)
Vocabulary: colonialism
(once / 10563 pages)
n
Colonialism has to do with one country exploiting another country by making it into a colony. Which is usually good for the mother country and bad for the colony.
Colonialism is a system in which one country creates an empire by taking over other lands and making them into colonies. Colonies don't have power over themselves, and the mother country takes resources and money from the colony. It's not a very fair system, but it's also how the United States got its start: England was really into colonialism and had built a huge empire, until some feisty American patriots decided to rebel.
WORD FAMILY
colonialism: colonialisms, colonialist, neocolonialism +/ colonial: colonialism, colonially, colonials/colonialist: colonialists/colonisation: colonisations, decolonisation/colonise: colonisation, colonised, coloniser, colonises, colonising, decolonise/coloniser: colonisers/ colonist: colonists/ colonization: colonizations/colonize: colonization, colonized, colonizer, colonizes, colonizing, decolonize/colonizer: colonizers/ colony: colonial, colonies, colonise, colonist, colonize/decolonize: decolonization, decolonized, decolonizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
While the West African country is overwhelmingly Muslim, some Malians converted to Christianity during colonialism when the country was ruled by predominantly Catholic France.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
While most German cities commemorate the victims of the Nazi period, there are no significant monuments to the victims of German colonialism.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
The English language, carried by colonialism and capitalism, is all over the place.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 殖民主义，殖民政策; 殖民地特征; 〈美〉守旧主义
分布：殖民主义(100%)
US [-'loʊ-] noun uncountable
■the belief in and support for the system of one country controlling another 殖民主义

Word: compass
Front: compass
[ˈkʌmpəs] (高研四六托雅宝 7958/7064 -1)
Vocabulary: compass
(once / 312 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4v 5v 6v
Long before we had GPS (Global Positioning System) devices, people used a magnetic instrument called a compass for navigation. Some people still use a compass to navigate — usually when their GPS isn’t working.
Compass can also refer to another type of instrument, one that’s used for drawing circles; this should be familiar to you if you have ever studied geometry. In addition, compass can mean "range" or "scope." If you decide to hike the Appalachian Trail, using a compass (the navigational kind) should hopefully fall within your compass of ability. If not, we hope you own a reliable GPS.
WORD FAMILY
compass: compassed, compasses, compassing, encompass +/ encompass: encompassed, encompasses, encompassing, encompassment/ encompassing: encompassingly/encompassment: encompassments
USAGE EXAMPLES
What was diverse about them lay in intangibles: personality, moral compass, I.Q. — all hard to read in a formal portrait.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It is hard to read Mr. Trump’s compass on these issues.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
People through the ages understood that the importance of staying in touch through the darkness provides us with a compass to find our way.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 罗盘; 指南针; 圆规; 界限
时态：compassed, compassing, compasses
分布：指南针(78%)，圆规(10%)，范围(8%)，达到(2%)，图谋(1%)，围绕(1%)
→com-, 强调。-pass, 走，展开，词源同pace. 后用于指数学和航海物件品。
范围,界限(com共同+pass→共同能过的地方→做事的范围)[pass=passthrough表示"通过"]
n.罗盘,指南针;(pl.)圆规In the past the compass could pass passion to the passive man having pastime on the pasture.在过去,指南针可以将激情传递给在牧场上消遣的被动之人
【记】com共同，pass通过－指南针的针，和磁场的线，共同通过一个方向。
noun
DIRECTION DEVICE 方位仪器
countable
■a device for finding direction which has a needle which can move easily and that always points to magnetic north 指南针，罗盘
['kʌm.pəs] noun
MEASURING DEVICE 量度仪器
compasses [plural]
■a V-shaped device which is used for drawing circles or measuring distances on maps 圆规，两脚规
['kʌm.pəs] noun
LIMIT 界限
uncountable formal
■a particular range (of ability, activity, interest, etc.) （能力、活动、兴趣等的）界限，范围，范畴
• It's a musical instrument made of brass, somewhat like a cornet and with a similar compass. 这是一件黄铜乐器，跟短号有些类似，音域也与之相近。
• The discussion went beyond the compass of my brain. 讨论超出了我的理解能力。
n. 指南针， [航] [水运] 罗盘；圆规
 - calliper, divider
vt. 包围
 - case, invest, circumvent, encircle, ring about

Word: critically
Front: critically
['krɪtɪklɪ] (6558/7560)
Back: adv. 批判性地; 苛求地; 危急地; 严重地
分布：危急地(44%)，批评性地(28%)，重要地(14%)，爱挑剔地(14%)
ADJ-GRADED
极重要的;关键的
A critical time, factor, or situation is extremely important.
例：The incident happened at a critical point in the campaign...该事件发生在竞选活动的关键时期。
例：Environmentalists say a critical factor in the city's pollution is its population...环境保护主义者说造成该城市污染问题的一个关键因素是其人口数量。
ADJ
(局势)严重的，有危险的
A critical situation is very serious and dangerous.
例：The German authorities are considering an airlift if the situation becomes critical...如果局势变得危急，德国当局将考虑实施空运。
例：Its day-to-day finances are in a critical state.其日常财务状况十分糟糕。
ADJ
(病情)危急的，严重的
If a person is critical or in a critical condition in hospital, they are seriously ill.
例：Ten of the injured are said to be in critical condition.据说伤者中有10人情况危急。
ADJ-GRADED
批评的;挑剔的
To be critical of someone or something means to criticize them.
例：His report is highly critical of the trial judge...他在报告中对主审法官有颇多批评。
例：...a few dozen intellectuals who've been critical of the regime...几十名一直批判该政权的知识分子
ADJ
评判性的;审慎的
A critical approach to something involves examining and judging it carefully.
例：We need to become critical text-readers...我们需要培养对文章的评判能力。
例：Marx's work was more than a critical study of capitalist production.马克思的著作不仅仅是对资本主义生产的批判性研究。
ADJ
评论家的;评论界的
If something or someone receives critical acclaim, critics say that they are very good.
例：The film met with considerable critical and public acclaim...该影片受到了影评人和公众的高度评价。
例：The show was also a resounding critical success.这次演出同样好评如潮。
adv. 精密地；危急地；批评性地；用钻研眼光地
 - minutely

Word: cyclist
Front: cyclist
[ˈsaɪklɪst] (高 9646/6689 -1)
Back: n. 骑自行车（脚踏车）的人
分布：骑自行车的人(100%)
noun countable
■someone who rides a bicycle 骑脚踏车的人
n. 骑自行车的人
 - biker

Word: ethos
Front: ethos
[ˈi:θɒs] (宝 11241/9923 -1)
Vocabulary: ethos
(once / 11773 pages)
n
Ethos, a noun, is the fundamental set of beliefs that you, or a society, or group live by. A free spirit might live by the ethos of "anything goes."
The noun ethos refers to how you, or a group, or a society chooses to live and is the particular rules and characteristic values that organize people. This also means that a different group might have a different ethos. An example is that in some cultures the individual is highly valued while in others the group might be considered central. In literary studies ethos has a moral element attached to it but sociology describes ehos.
WORD FAMILY
ethos
USAGE EXAMPLES
He sees an ethos of patience and respect.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
The diverse and inclusive ethos, as well as the charming, girly-reclamation aesthetic of Rookie, seem to be a blueprint for Teen Vogue’s revised mission statement.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
Such an ethos protects against dogmatism and groupthink, which are toxic to the health of any intellectual community.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 民族精神; 社会思潮; 气质
分布：民族精神(60%)，气质(35%)，道德风貌(5%)
→词源同ethnic,民族的，种族的。引申词义族群的习惯，行为，举止，进一步引申为约束行为的道德观，道德评判标准。
US [-θɑ:s] noun only singular
■the set of beliefs, ideas, etc. about social behaviour and relationships of a person or group （个人或团体的）精神特质，价值观，信条
• national ethos 民族精神特质
• working-class ethos 工人阶级道德思想
• The ethos of the traditional family firm is under threat. 传统家族公司的价值理念受到威胁。
n. 民族精神；气质；社会思潮
 - temperament, national spirit

Word: idealism
Front: idealism
[aɪˈdi:əlɪzəm] (六 11045/11949 -1)
Vocabulary: idealism
(once / 905 pages)
1n 2n
Idealism, as "noble-mindedness," is the belief that we should always strive for our highest ideals. Sometimes, though, idealism is a sort of incurable optimism.
It's one thing if you always pursue high-minded goals and right conduct — one definition of idealism. Just be careful to not get so caught up that you fail to see things as they really are — you don't want to go through life "wearing rose-colored glasses" — yet another definition of idealism. In philosophy, idealism is the theory that ideas are the only reality.
WORD FAMILY
idealism: idealisms, idealist, idealistic +/ idea: ideal, ideas, ideate/ ideal: idealise, idealism, ideality, idealize, ideally, ideals/idealisation: idealisations/idealise: idealisation, idealised, idealises, idealising/ idealist: idealists/ idealistic: idealistically/ideality: idealities/idealization: idealizations/ idealize: idealization, idealized, idealizes, idealizing/ideate: ideated, ideating, ideation / ideation: ideational, ideations/ideational: ideationally
USAGE EXAMPLES
If there is any echo of Sun’s idealism, it is in the student “Sunflower Movement”, which wants to keep China at bay.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
“The loss of a child is a loss of innocence, of idealism,” Heisserer adds.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back then, Riboud’s image carried all the hope, idealism and unbound optimism of the times.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 理想主义; 理想化; 唯心主义
分布：理想主义(64%)，唯心主义(22%)，唯心论(11%)，观念论(3%)
→来自ideal,理想的。
唯心主义(idal+ism→理想主义,唯心主义)[idea,ideo=idea,表示"思想,观点"]
唯心主义(ideal理想)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
noun uncountable
■the belief that your ideals can be achieved, often when this does not seem likely to others 理想主义
• She never lost her youthful idealism and campaigned for just causes all her life. 她从未丧失过年轻时的理想主义，终生都在为正义事业而奋斗。
Compare realism specialized
■the belief in philosophy that objects in the world are ideas which only exist in the mind of God or people who see them 唯心主义，唯心论，理念论
n. 唯心主义，理想主义；理念论
 - mentalism

Word: illiberal
Front: illiberal
[ɪˈlɪbərəl] (宝 27259/39692)
Vocabulary: illiberal
(once / 7864 pages)
adj
Someone who's illiberal is close-minded and intolerant. Your illiberal grandfather might constantly complain about "kids today with their long hair and tattoos."
An illiberal person tends to have old-fashioned values and opinions and isn't usually interested in considering other perspectives. It's illiberal to dismiss unfamiliar religious beliefs — or the lack of any religious belief — as just plain wrong. The original, 1500s meaning of illiberal was "ungentlemanly," from the Latin word illiberalis, "ungenerous, mean, or unworthy of a freeman." The "narrow-minded" sense of the word is from the mid-1600s.
WORD FAMILY
illiberal: illiberality, illiberally+/illiberality: illiberalities/ liberal: illiberal, liberalise, liberalism, liberality, liberalize, liberally, liberalness, liberals, neoliberal/liberalise: liberalisation, liberalised, liberalising/ liberalism: liberalisms, liberalist, liberalistic, neoliberalism/liberalist: liberalists/liberality: liberalities/ liberalization: liberalizations/ liberalize: liberalization, liberalized, liberalizes, liberalizing/neoliberal: neoliberals
USAGE EXAMPLES
It's part of a larger current in the world that I find equally troubling, which is an illiberal current.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Condemning such an approach as patronising or illiberal is easy.
Economist(Dec 09, 2016)
In a situation like this, the body you’d expect to provide a necessary check on a corrupt, illiberal president would be the Congress.
Salon(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 小心眼的; 气量小的; 吝啬的; 小气的
分布：吝啬的(51%)，气量狭小的(23%)，缺乏文化素养的(19%)，思想偏狭的(7%)
→il-,不，非，liberal,开明的。
吝啬的;粗鄙的(il不+liberal慷慨的→不慷慨的)[liber=free,表示"自由"]
【记】il不，liberal（adj 慷慨的；自由主义的）－思想狭隘的；吝啬的
US [-ɚ-] formal
adjective
■limiting freedom of expression, thought, behaviour, etc （言论、思想、行为等）不自由的，不开明的，狭隘的
• illiberal policies 专制的政策
adj. 偏执的；吝啬的；粗鄙的；狭碍的；缺乏文化素养的
 - tight, stingy

Word: edifice
Front: edifice
[ˈedɪfɪs] (托宝 14677/14141 -1)
Vocabulary: edifice
(once / 635 pages)
n
Edifice means a building, but it doesn't mean just any building. To merit being called an edifice, a building must be important. A mini temple can be an edifice, or a towering sky scraper.
The meaning of edifice has expanded to include a system of ideas––when it is complicated enough to be considered to have walls and a roof, then it is an edifice. You could say that basic facts of addition and subtraction are the foundation on which the edifice of higher math rests.
WORD FAMILY
edifice: edifices
USAGE EXAMPLES
The ugly edifice of the J. Edgar Hoover Building is next, named for an authoritarian with many grudges.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
He lives on the outskirts of Tirana, in a suburb that rural families migrated to when the communist edifice collapsed in the early 1990s.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
If it’s anything like the other edifices that bear his name, in 20ft high bronze letters, beauty might be stretching it.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 大建筑物; 知识的结构
分布：大厦(84%)，大建筑物(12%)，大型支柱(4%)
→来自aidh, 燃烧，词源同ash, ether. 原指火炉，引申义居住地，大厦。-fice,做，建造。
【记】edify你情操的东西是edifice该词是托福单词，背它的时候我还不知道和edify的关系，试试下法：读：挨着地的匪夷所思的东西－大厦edifice是经过edify启发后的产物。
['ed.ɪ.fɪs] formal
noun countable
■a large building, especially a splendid one （尤指雄伟豪华的）大厦，宏伟建筑
• The town hall is the only edifice surviving from the fifteenth century. 市政厅是唯一一座存留下来的15世纪的雄伟建筑。
■a system which has been established for a long time 精神大厦（比喻存在已久的体系等）
• It looks as if the whole political edifice of the country is about to collapse. 看来整个国家的政治局势是风雨飘摇、大厦将倾。
n. 大厦；大建筑物
 - mansion, large building

Word: infest
Front: infest
[ɪnˈfest] (托雅宝 17621/18990 -1)
Vocabulary: infest
(once / 1504 pages)
v
The verb infest means to invade in large number, often resisting control and causing damage or hardship. Bedbugs can infest people's belongings and even their bodies, or mice may infest your kitchen if you leave the cheese out too often.
Infest comes from Latin: in- means "not" and festus means "able to be seized." So infest describes something is not able to be seized, typically because it's present in such large numbers. For example, mosquitoes may infest your backyard during the summer and annoy you when you're trying to relax. Infest is usually used to describe pests, such as bugs or rodents, that overrun something in such large number that they are difficult to control.
WORD FAMILY
infest: disinfest, infestation, infested, infesting, infests+/ infestation: disinfestation, infestations
USAGE EXAMPLES
When he was 7, Mr. Rodriques’s house got infested with German cockroaches, the common household scourge.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Their apartment became infested with mice, she said, and they couldn’t afford traps.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Additionally, the researchers call for close monitoring of invasive Asian carp, which might out-compete native fish species if they infest the Great Lakes.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: vt. 大批出没，成群出现; 在…上寄生，寄生于; 骚扰
时态：infested, infesting, infests
分布：寄生于(40%)，侵扰(40%)，猖獗(20%)
→in-,不，非，-fest,击，打，抓住，词源同defend,manifest.其原义为抓不住的，控制不住的，引申词义骚扰，麻烦，大量滋生。词义演变比较opportune.
大批出没;扰乱(in进入+fest→进入仇恨→扰乱)[fest=hostile,表示"仇恨"]
【记】in进入，fest＝pest（n 害虫）：一万只害虫进入你们家－骚扰
verb transitive
■(of animals and insects which carry disease) to cause a problem by being present in large numbers （动物、害虫等）大批出没于，骚扰
• The barn was infested with rats. 谷仓里到处都是老鼠。
vt. 骚扰；寄生于；大批出没；大批滋生
 - harry, ply with

Word: kilogram
Front: kilogram
[ˈkɪləgræm] (中高四 -/15873 -K1)
Back: n. 千克; 公斤
分布：公斤(68%)，千克(32%)
→kilo-,千，gram,克。
公斤(kilo[kilo-表示"一千"]+gram克→一千克,公斤)
['kɪl.ə.græm] (written abbreviation kg)
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a unit of mass equal to 1000 grams, or 2.2 pounds 千克，公斤
n. [计量] 公斤；千克
 - Kgs.

Word: joshua
Front: joshua
['dʒɔʃwə] (-/10581)
Back: n. （圣经）约书亚，约书亚书
分布：约书亚(97%)，约书亚书(3%)

Word: muck
Front: muck
[mʌk] (13224/10100 -1)
Back: n. 污物，污泥; 废石; 湿粪; 秽物
vt. 施粪肥于…; 弄脏; 清除
时态：mucked, mucking, mucks
分布：淤泥(27%)，垃圾(16%)，弄脏(16%)，污物(13%)，粪肥(11%)，弄糟(9%)，施肥(8%)
→来自古英语muk,牛粪，粪肥，来自smeug,meug,黏的，滑的，词源同mucus,muggy.
noun uncountable
■dirt or solid animal waste 脏东西；（动物的）粪便
• You're treading muck into the carpet with your dirty shoes! 你的脏鞋子把地毯弄得脏兮兮的！
• a pile of dog muck 一堆狗屎
■something you consider very unpleasant or very low quality 品质低劣的东西
• I'm not eating that muck! 我才不吃那让人反胃的东西！
• The immigrants were treated like muck (= treated badly, as if they were not important). 移民都被视为泥土草芥。
[mʌk] noun uncountable
make a muck of sth informal
■to spoil something or do something very badly 打乱；把…弄糟
• I've made a muck of it - I'll have to do it again. 我把事情弄得一团糟——只好重做了。
[mʌk] noun uncountable
Where there 's muck there's brass. UK saying
■said to mean that a lot of money can be made from business activities which are dirty or unpleasant 要致富别怕脏。
[mʌk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  muck sb/sth about/around mainly UK informal
■to behave in a silly way, or to treat someone or something in a careless way 胡闹；耍弄；瞎弄
• Stop mucking about with those ornaments, you'll break something! 别乱碰那些摆设了，你早晚会打碎的！
• I'm fed up with them mucking me about and cancelling our arrangements. 他们耍弄我，取消了我们的安排——我受够了。
[mʌk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  muck in UK informal
■to share the work that needs to be done 一起出力，一起合作；参加
• She doesn't mind mucking in with the rest of us when there's work to be done. 有工作要做的时候，她总是不介意和我们大家一起做。
[mʌk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] muck (sth) out
■to clean a place where a large animal lives, especially a stable , by removing the waste products and old straw 打扫（畜舍）
• She'd spent all morning mucking out the horses. 她整个上午都在打扫马厩。
[mʌk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] muck sth up informal
■to spoil something completely, or do something very badly 打乱；把…弄糟
• I really prepared for the interview because I didn't want to muck it up. 我确实为面试做了准备，因为我不想出甚么岔子。
• I mucked up the whole exam! 我考试考得一塌糊涂！
n. 淤泥；垃圾；肥料；品质低劣的东西
 - fertilizer, refuse, garbage, junk
vt. 弄脏；施肥；清除…的污物
 - soil, mud, spot, dirty
vi. 闲逛；鬼混
 - lig, knock around

Word: recrimination
Front: recrimination
[rɪˌkrɪmɪˈneɪʃn] (18701/14728 -1)
Vocabulary: recrimination
(once / 4617 pages)
n
Sometimes you accuse your opponent of refusing to compromise and he accuses you of the same thing. That’s a recrimination, an accusation or insult that’s hurled back at someone.
If you’ve ever been in a verbal disagreement with someone, odds are that you’ve experienced recriminations. You can remember it by noticing that crim as in "crime" is part of the word. When recriminations fly back and forth between two sides, each accuses the other of crimes in the metaphorical sense. Once the emergencies of a disaster have been taken care of, recriminations are sometimes hurled at those in charge for the way the crisis was handled.
WORD FAMILY
recrimination: recriminations+/ crime: crimes, criminal, criminate, incriminate / criminal: criminalise, criminalism, criminality, criminalize, criminally, criminalness, criminals, criminative/criminalise: criminalisation, decriminalise/criminality: criminalities/criminalize: criminalization, criminalized, criminalizes, criminalizing, decriminalize/criminate: criminated, criminates, criminating, criminatory, recriminate/decriminalise: decriminalisation/decriminalize: decriminalization, decriminalized, decriminalizing/ incriminate: incriminated, incriminates, incriminating, incrimination, incriminatory/incrimination: incriminations, self-incrimination/recriminate: recriminated, recriminates, recriminating, recrimination, recriminative, recriminatory
USAGE EXAMPLES
President-elect Donald Trump said Thursday evening that the nation should “move on” from sanctions and recriminations over Russia’s efforts to influence the election.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
After all the stormy exchanges and recriminations, the remaining question is where Mr. Trump’s alliance with Mr. Netanyahu will lead.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
What was meant to be the creation of an energy giant quickly collapsed into recriminations and a bitter fight fueled by buyer’s remorse.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 相互指责，吵架; 反诉; 揭丑
分布：反责(70%)，反控告(30%)
[rɪˌkrɪm.ɪ'neɪ.ʃən] (also recriminations)
noun uncountable
■arguments between people who are blaming each other 相互指责；反诉；反责
• The peace talks broke down and ended in bitter mutual recrimination(s). 和谈破裂，在激烈的相互指责中无果而终。
n. [法] 反责，反控；揭丑
 - counteraccusation

Word: ruse
Front: ruse
[ru:z] (宝 16717/18705 -1)
Vocabulary: ruse
(once / 2815 pages)
n
Movie bank robbers always seem to pull some kind of ruse, a deceptive trick or tactic like hiding the money underneath the bank while they drive off in the getaway car to avoid capture by the police.
You'd use a ruse if you were up to something sneaky and were trying to get away with it without being discovered. The wife planning a surprise birthday party for her husband could send him out to the supermarket as a ruse, a trick so she could sneak one hundred of his closest friends into the house without him noticing.
WORD FAMILY
ruse: ruses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The pretext was to bomb the Islamic State; it was a ruse.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
The ruse was revealed in an article that appeared in The Stranger newspaper.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
A well-constructed Russian maskirovka ruse, like a good Russian play, typically builds an underlying narrative before introducing the plot twist.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
Back: n. 诡计; 策略，计策
分布：策略(68%)，谋略(16%)，诈术(16%)
→来自古法语 ruse,诡计，恶做剧，来自 reuser,躲避，逃避，欺骗，词源同 rouse.
【记】ru入，se色：只有用诡计才能使你进入色情的状态。
noun countable
■a trick intended to deceive someone 诡计；计策
n. 策略，计策；诡计
 - strategy, device, scheme, fraud

Word: twilight
Front: twilight
[ˈtwaɪlaɪt] (六雅 6896/9876 -1)
Vocabulary: twilight
(once / 343 pages)
nadj
The time just after sunset, when the light is half-faded, but the world is not yet totally dark, is twilight. If you are between two states, like asleep and awake, that can also be called a twilight moment.
Twilight comes just before the night falls. The early light, just before sunrise, is also technically called "twilight" but most people call it "dawn." The prefix twi- might be a clue that twilight happens twice a day, or it could mean "half," as in the half-light of this time. Something that is declining can be described as twilight — like the twilight of the trend of wearing plastic clogs favored by nurses and chefs.
WORD FAMILY
twilight: twilights
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The large-scale trade of ivory now faces its twilight years, and the future is brighter for wild elephants.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Even today, in her twilight years, Hylick said Johnson still asks, “What did you learn today?”
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
On that sunrise morning, his life spun into the Twilight Zone.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 黎明，黄昏，暮光; 暮年，晚期，晚年; 衰退期，没落时期; <电影>暮光之城
分布：黄昏(81%)，微光(16%)，含糊不清(2%)，衰落时期(1%)
→twi-,二，此处表虚数，light,光线。比喻用法。
黎明,黄昏(twi[twi-表示"二,两"]+light光→黑白光交替)
noun
EVENING 傍晚
uncountable
■the period just before it becomes completely dark in the evening 黄昏时分，薄暮时分
• I could make out a dark figure in the twilight. 暮色中，我能辨认出一个黑影。
['twaɪ.laɪt] noun
FINAL PART 最后部分
the twilight of sth literary
■the final part of a period 晚期
• I knew him when he was in the twilight of his career. 我在他职业生涯的晚期才认识他。
['twaɪ.laɪt] noun
twilight years
■the last years of someone's life 暮年，晚年
• Old people often rely on pets for comfort and companionship in their twilight years. 老年人在暮年往往依靠宠物陪伴来获得安慰。
['twaɪ.laɪt] adjective literary
■used to describe a way of life in which there is uncertainty and difficult or slightly illegal situations, and which is on the edge of normal society （生活）处于社会边缘的，不安稳的
• The remaining inhabitants of this once-prosperous market town have got used to a twilight existence. 这个曾经繁华的商业重镇遗留下的居民已经习惯了过动荡不安的生活。
• Leaving a secure job for the twilight world of pop music was perhaps a mistake. 抛弃安稳的工作，进入充满未知的流行音乐界，也许是个错误。
['twaɪ.laɪt] adjective literary
twilight zone
■an area where two different ways of life or states of existence meet （介于两种生活方式或生存状态之间的）过度区域；过度状态，模糊状态
• the twilight zone between life and death 弥留之际
dawn, twilight, dusk
这组词都有“黎明，黄昏”的意思，其区别是：
dawn: 指天刚亮时的黎明，可作引申用。
twilight: 指日落后或日出前的微明，但通常侧重于前者。
dusk: 指接近夜晚的黄昏时刻。
n. 黎明，黄昏；薄暮；衰退期；朦胧状态
 - morning, dark
adj. 昏暗的，微明的；暮年的
 - lowering, dingy

Word: toothless
Front: toothless
[ˈtu:θləs] (18721/21208)
Back: adj. 无齿的
分布：没有权威的(58%)，没有牙齿的(42%)
adjective
NO TEETH 没牙的
■having no teeth 没牙的
• an ugly toothless old hag 没牙的丑陋女巫
['tu:θ.ləs] adjective
NO POWER 没有力量的
■describes an organization or a rule that has no power 没有约束力的；没有权力的
• This well-intentioned but toothless law will do nothing to improve the situation. 这项用意良好但没有约束力的法律对改善局势没有甚么作用。

Word: sturdy
Front: sturdy
[ˈstɜ:di] (研六托雅宝 6613/8597 -1)
Vocabulary: sturdy
(once / 509 pages)
adj
Describe something that is firmly constructed or strongly made as sturdy. That house you built was not sturdy at all. It blew down in the last wind storm. Fortunately, it was only a dog house and the dog wasn't in it.
Physical strength and robust health can also be described as sturdy. Your grandmother is pushing 80, but she is still pretty sturdy if she can beat you at tennis. The adjective sturdy can also describe something (or someone) determined, firm, stalwart, and steady. Hopefully, you and your siblings have a sturdy relationship, so you can withstand all the bickering over who gets to ride shotgun in the car.
WORD FAMILY
sturdy: sturdier, sturdiest, sturdily, sturdiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The structure is sturdy but in need of major renovation.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Despite its subject matter, or perhaps because of it, “Wonderland” is a sober, sturdy book.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
This song is one of the best from his sturdy, reflective debut album, “Vinyl.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 强壮的，健全的; 坚固的，耐用的; 坚定的; 精力充沛的
n. （羊的）晕倒病
级别：sturdier, sturdiest
分布：坚固的(76%)，强健的(20%)，坚决的(4%)
→词源不详，可能最终来自 sta,站立，词源同 stand,store.引申词义结实的，坚固的。
a.坚定的,不屈不挠的;强健的,结实的The child had sturdy legs.这个孩子有健壮的双腿.
【记】身体stubborn（adj 顽固的）就是sturdy的。
【反】decrepit（adj 衰老的）
US ['stɝ:-] adjective
■physically strong and solid or thick, and therefore unlikely to break or be hurt 结实的，牢固的；强壮的
• sturdy walking boots 结实的徒步靴
• a sturdy table 结实的桌子
• sturdy little legs 结实的小腿
[before noun] literary
■strong and determined 坚决的，坚定的
• They put up a sturdy defence of their proposal. 他们坚定地为自己的提议辩护。
wholesome, fit, robust, strong, sound, tough, healthy, sturdy, vigorous, well
这组词都有“健康的，强健的”的意思，其区别是：
wholesome: 多指能给人留下身体健康、思想健全或品德良好等印象。
fit: 既可指健壮又可指健全无病。
robust: 强调身体强健。
strong: 既指体格健壮，又指体力或精神上的力量。
sound: 侧重身体各部分或器官没有病，无任何缺陷，即健康。
tough: 着重指人的体格健壮。
healthy: 指身体无病，也可指身心健全、正常的。
sturdy: 侧重于结实的体格。
vigorous: 指人强健有力，精力充沛。
well: 仅指没有疾病，但不一定很健康。
adj. 坚定的；强健的；健全的
 - committed, healthy, firm, robust, confirmed

Word: anatomy
Front: anatomy
[əˈnætəmi] (托 8160/8866 -1)
Vocabulary: anatomy
(once / 695 pages)
1n 2n
If you're studying anatomy you're studying animals’ bodies and you're probably dissecting them, too. You might study the anatomy of a pig to see how it relates to human anatomy. You’ll find that only one of them has a snout.
Ever heard of Gray's Anatomy — not the TV show, but the 1858 medical textbook by Henry Gray? It’s been revised many times, but it’s still the standard text, with detailed descriptions of the parts of the human body. The word anatomy can apply to anything you're analyzing in detail. If you're writing an anatomy of your piano, you'll describe the parts and how they work. Anatomy goes back to the Greek roots ana, meaning "up," and temnein "to cut."
WORD FAMILY
anatomy: anatomic, anatomical, anatomies, anatomise, anatomist, anatomize+/anatomical: anatomically, anatomicals/anatomise: anatomised, anatomises, anatomising/anatomist: anatomists/anatomize: anatomized, anatomizes, anatomizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The current policy is to house transgender juveniles on a case-by-case basis and not by anatomy alone, in accordance with federal standards.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The artist contrasts styles and patterns, suggesting graffiti and anatomy textbooks simultaneously.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“Like most high school girls, I watch ‘Grey’s Anatomy,'” she said with a smile.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 解剖，分解，分析; （详细的）剖析; （生物体的）解剖结构; 骨骼
分布：解剖(68%)，解剖学(31%)，分解(1%)
→前缀ana-, 向上，向后。词根tom, 砍，切，见atom, 不可切的，原子。
解剖学(ana分开+tom+y→分开切→解剖)[tom=cut表示"切割"]
US [-'nætˌ-] noun
uncountable
■the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged 解剖（学）
• An understanding of human anatomy is important to a dancer. 对于一个舞蹈演员来说，通晓一些人体解剖学知识非常重要。
• He later became professor of anatomy at Kiel. 后来他成为基尔大学的解剖学教授。
countable or uncountable
■the structure of an animal or plant 解剖构造；（动植物）结构
• the female anatomy 女性人体解剖构造
• the anatomy of a leaf 叶子的结构
countable humorous
■a person's body 身体
• On which part of her anatomy is she tattooed? 她的纹身刺在甚么部位？
countable formal
■a detailed examination of a subject 剖析，分析；细察
• The whole play reads like an anatomy of evil. 整个剧本读起来就如同是一份对邪恶的剖析报告。
n. [解剖] 解剖；解剖学；剖析；骨骼
 - cadre, dissection

Word: waterfront
Front: waterfront
[ˈwɔ:təfrʌnt] (9915/16297 -1)
Back: n. 海滨，江边; 装在火炉前部的热水缸
分布：滨水区(78%)，水边地(22%)
US ['wɑ:.tˌɚ-] noun countable usually singular
■a part of a town which is next to an area of water such as a river or the sea （城镇的）滨水区，水边地
• She owns a popular tourist restaurant on the town's waterfront. 她在该镇的滨水区有一家颇受欢迎的旅游餐馆。
n. 滩，海滨；水边
 - shore, oceanfront

Word: unattractive
Front: unattractive
[ˌʌnəˈtræktɪv] (13841/11080 -1)
Back: adj. 不吸引人的; 丑陋的; 无吸引力的; 枯燥的
分布：无吸引力的(75%)，无魅力的(25%)
adjective
■unpleasant to look at 难看的，不漂亮的
• This is modern architecture at its most unattractive. 这是现代建筑最丑陋之处。
• He was short and overweight and generally fairly unattractive. 他又矮又胖，整个人看上去很难看。
■having no good or positive features 不好的，糟糕的；乏味的
• The options were decidedly unattractive. 这些选择都很糟。
adj. 不吸引人注意的；没有魅力的；不美丽的
 - charmless, unglamorous

Word: bespeak
Front: bespeak
[bɪˈspi:k] (托宝 22202/43233)
Back: vt. 预定; 订（货）; 证明; 预先请求
时态：bespoke, bespoken, bespeaking, bespeaks
分布：预示(65%)，表示(35%)
【记】be被动，speak说－被说出来－表示，预示
[bɪ'spi:k] (bespoke, bespoken) formal
verb transitive
■to suggest or show 暗示；表明
• His letter bespeaks his willingness to help. 他来信表示愿意帮忙。
vt. 表示；预约；证明；预示；显示
 - indicate, prove, demonstrate, reveal, bid

Word: animation
Front: animation
[ˌænɪˈmeɪʃn] (宝 7572/10255)
Vocabulary: animation
(once / 949 pages)
n
Animation is the state of being full of life and energy, like a room full of excited kids at a birthday party.
You're sure to get more people excited about your idea if you speak with animation, or liveliness, in your voice. If your face has animation, the expression in your eyes and the shape of your mouth accent what you say. As it applies to film making, animation refers to bringing something flat and unmoving, like a drawing, to life.
WORD FAMILY
animation: animations+/ animate: animated, animateness, animates, animating, animatingly, animation, animator, inanimate, reanimate / animated: animatedly, unanimated/ animator: animators/ inanimate: inanimately, inanimateness/ reanimate: reanimated, reanimates, reanimating
USAGE EXAMPLES
The actors were then transferred by rotoscope, an animation technique, from that footage and inserted into computer-generated cockpits for “Rogue One.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
In October, Google announced new, free features for Google Photos, including short animations created from users’ videos.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Here’s an animation, provided by Jason Box of the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, of what this might look like.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 生气，活泼; 动画片制作，动画片摄制; [影视]动画片
分布：动画片(49%)，动画片制作(18%)，兴奋(15%)，生气(11%)，活泼(7%)
→来自anim-,呼吸，风，灵魂，有生命。
生动;动画(animate的名词)[anim=life,spirit,表示"生命,精神"等]
noun
ENERGY 活力
uncountable
■enthusiasm and energy 生气；活泼；热烈
• She spoke with great animation about her latest discoveries. 她兴致盎然地谈了她最新的发现。
[ˌæn.ɪ'meɪ.ʃən] noun
IMAGE 图像
countable or uncountable
■moving pictures 动画；动画片
• Encyclopedias on CD-ROM include sound, illustrations and simple animations. 光碟电子百科全书里有声音、插图和简单的动画。
• Thanks to computer animation, it is now possible to make cartoon films much more quickly than in the past. 有了电脑动画制作技术，现在制作动画片比过去快多了。
n. 活泼，生气；激励；卡通片绘制
 - stimulus, vitality, pet, brightness, volatility

Word: bask
Front: bask
[bɑ:sk] (托宝 11655/14121 -1)
Vocabulary: bask
(once / 1915 pages)
v
To bask in something is to take it in, receive its warmth, or bathe in its goodness. On the first warm day of the spring, you may bask in the sunshine. When you win the Pulitzer, you bask in your own glory.
In Shakespeare’s “As You Like It,” Jaques says: “...As I do live by food, I met a fool; Who laid him down and bask'd him in the sun,; And rail'd on Lady Fortune in good terms...” That was most likely the first time bask was used in the way that we most often use it now: to bask is to warm yourself, either literally or figuratively, in the glow of the sun, good fortune, happiness, or a job well done.
WORD FAMILY
bask: basked, basking, basks
USAGE EXAMPLES
He preferred to stay on the sidelines photographing prominent figures rather than bask in the glamorous environment he was working in.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
He was still basking in the glow of the large family holiday when Swift showed up.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
She often sat outside in a camping chair to bask in the sun - as she did in her younger years.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vi. 晒太阳，取暖; 享受乐趣，得到满足
时态：basked, basking, basks
分布：取暖(59%)，沐浴于(25%)，舒适地晒太阳(16%)
→来自PIE *bhe, 暖，热，词源同bath. -sk, 反身格后缀，词源同self.
US [bæsk] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to lie or sit enjoying the warmth especially of the sun 晒太阳；取暖
• We could see seals on the rocks, basking in the sun. 我们可以看到海豹在岩石上晒太阳。
UK [bɑ:sk] US [bæsk] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  bask in sth
■to take pleasure from something that makes you feel good 沉浸在…中
• He basked in his moment of glory, holding the trophy up to the crowd. 他向观众高高举起奖杯，沉浸在荣耀之中。
vi. 晒太阳；取暖；愉快或舒适
 - lie in the sun

Word: diploma
Front: diploma
[dɪˈpləʊmə] (高研六雅 8453/6259 -1)
Vocabulary: diploma
(once / 2949 pages)
n
A diploma is a document people receive when they graduate from a school or program. It is a symbol of academic success. You often see framed diplomas displayed in a doctor's office.
Are you working toward a diploma? Then you must be in school. People receive high school and college diplomas, which they usually receive during a graduation ceremony. You could also get a diploma for a shorter series of classes in something like pottery, skydiving, or marksmanship. Even a dog could get a diploma for passing obedience school. Any time someone gets a diploma, you can be sure they finished a course or program of learning.
WORD FAMILY
diploma: diplomas
USAGE EXAMPLES
The daughter of Salvadoran immigrants in Fairfax County, Ayala was the first in her family to get a college diploma.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Last week, the Lockport Township High School Board of Education presented him with his high school diploma.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Q: For all of those jobs, you need more than a high-school diploma.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 毕业文凭; 学位证书; 公文; 奖状
v. 发毕业文凭
分布：文凭(100%)
→di-, 二。-pl, 折叠，词源fold. -oma, 名词后缀。即对折的官方文件，引申义文凭。
n.毕业文凭,学位证书The diplomatic diplomas are made in automation in the autonomy.外交证书在自治区是自动化生产的.
US [-'ploʊ-] noun countable
■a document given by a college or university to show that you have passed a particular examination or finished a course 学位证书；大学文凭
• a diploma in business studies 商学文凭
• US a high school diploma 高中毕业证书
n. 毕业证书，学位证书；公文，文书；奖状
 - graduation certificate, leaving certificate

Word: brighton
Front: brighton
[ˈbraitn] (-/4398)
Back: n. 蜂巢纹织物，蜂巢纹
分布：名词(100%)

Word: diameter
Front: diameter
[daɪˈæmɪtə(r)] (研四六托雅宝 5253/4613 -2)
Vocabulary: diameter
(once / 389 pages)
n
It's good to know where the diameter of a circular object is if you have to split a cookie between two 5-year-old kids. Think of a round chocolate chip cookie. The diameter of the cookie is a line that divides the cookie into two equal halves, through the center of the cookie.
The diameter of a circle or sphere is a line that passes through the center and starts and ends and two opposite points on its perimeter or edge. The diameter is also the length of that line. In math class, teachers often ask you to use the diameter of a circle to find its area. This is a good skill to have if you are trying to figure out whether the 14 inch or 16 inch pizza is a better deal.
WORD FAMILY
diameter: diameters, diametral, diametric, diametrical, semidiameter+/diametral: diametrally/diametric: diametrically/semidiameter: semidiameters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their trunks, ten to fifteen feet in diameter, were braced with massive buttresses and knees.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Trees as small as 5 inches in diameter at the top and those damaged by pests and wildfire are prime candidates.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Form the remaining mixture into 12 meatballs, each roughly 2 1/2 inches in diameter.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 直径，直径长; 放大率
分布：直径(100%)
→dia-, 穿过。-meter, 测量。用于数学名词直径。
直径(dia+meter测量→对着测量(圆)直径)[dia-表示"穿过,二者之间"]
直径(dia对面+meter→-量到对面的线→直径)[meter,metr,meas,mens=measure,表示"计量,测量等"]
n.直径The veteran in velvet found that the diameter of the thermometer was one metre.穿天鹅绒的老兵发现温度计的直径为一米.
【记】dia穿过，meter测量－穿过圆心可测量圆的面积的线－直径
US [-ə.tˌɚ] noun countable or uncountable
■(the length of) a straight line that reaches from one point on the edge of a round shape or object, through its centre, to a point on the opposite edge 直径
• The diameter measures twice the radius. 直径是半径的两倍。
• The pond is six feet in diameter. 这个池塘的直径为六英尺。

Word: disquiet
Front: disquiet
[dɪsˈkwaɪət] (27148/14444 -1)
Vocabulary: disquiet
(once / 1461 pages)
nv
If you feel a sense of disquiet, you're worried or anxious about something. Disquiet at the dinner table means that everyone feels upset or on edge.
You can use the word disquiet as a noun or a verb. A feeling of disquiet might fill you as you walk slowly through a truly spooky haunted house. You can also say that a low, frightening sound coming from the room ahead disquiets you. The word dates from the 1500s, a combination of dis, "lack of" or "not" in Latin, and quiet, from the Latin root quietus, "calm, at rest, or free from exertion."
WORD FAMILY
disquiet: disquieted, disquieting, disquiets+/disquieted: disquietedly/disquieting: disquietingly/ quiet: disquiet, quieted, quieten, quieter, quietest, quieting, quietingly, quietism, quietly, quietness, quiets, unquiet/quieten: quietened, quietening, quietens/quietism: quietist/quietist: quietists/quietness: quietnesses/unquiet: unquietest, unquietly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But despite the jovial ho-ho-hos in the annual show of seasonal goodwill and neighborly friendship, there lies an increasing disquiet in the Nordic nation.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
More than a century old, Strauss’s “Salome” should still be a disquieting experience.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
“The Source,” based on a libretto by Mark Doten, is a mesmerizing and disquieting collage of vocal, instrumental, and recorded sounds.
The New Yorker(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: vt. 使不安，使烦恼; 使不平静
n. 忧虑; 不安; 内心不平静; 烦恼
时态：disquieted, disquieting, disquiets
分布：焦虑(34%)，使不安(28%)，使担心(19%)，担心(19%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。quiet, 安静。
使…不安(dis不+quiet)[Quiet,qui=still,表示"静"]
【记】quiet（vt 使平静；使安心）
【反】put at ease（使放松）
[dɪ'skwaɪət] formal
noun uncountable
■worry 焦虑，担心，不安
• The leader's decline in popularity is causing disquiet among supporters. 领导人声望的下降令支持者深感忧虑。
vt. 使不安；使担心，使忧虑
 - concern, discompose
n. 担心，不安；焦虑，忧虑
 - worry, anxiety, tension, fear, care

Word: dissipate
Front: dissipate
[ˈdɪsɪpeɪt] (研六托雅宝 9775/11497 -1)
Vocabulary: dissipate
(once / 623 pages)
1v 2v
Dissipate means "disperse" or "fade away" — as a bad smell will dissipate (usually) if you wait long enough.
Dissipate can also mean “spend or use wastefully.” If you win the lottery, you might suddenly find yourself with a group of new friends encouraging you to dissipate your money (on them). Note that dissipate can be used with or without an object: "Once you dissipate your wealth, your new group of friends will dissipate without a trace."
WORD FAMILY
dissipate: dissipated, dissipates, dissipating, dissipation +/ dissipated: dissipateder, dissipatedly/ dissipation: dissipations
USAGE EXAMPLES
If some of these inclinations suggest a West Coast flavor, it is dissipating.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But that quickly dissipated as the teams started rolling up points.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
But that quickly dissipated as the teams started rolling up points.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 驱散; 使消散; 浪费，挥霍; 耗尽
vi. 消散; 放荡，挥霍
时态：dissipated, dissipating, dissipates
分布：消散(50%)，驱散(26%)，浪费(11%)，放荡(7%)，挥霍(5%)，散去(1%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。-sip, 扔，分散。引申词义挥霍，浪费。
v.驱散;(使云,雾,疑虑等)消散;挥霍Don't dissipate your efforts.不要浪费你的精力.
【记】dis向四面八方，sip（v 呷小口的喝）－到处吃喝－浪费
【参】dissipated（adj 沉迷于酒色的；消散的）＝indulging
【反】accumulate（v 积累）；gather（v 聚集）；amass（v 收集）
['dɪs.ɪ.peɪt] formal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) gradually disappear or waste （使）逐渐消失；（使）逐渐浪费掉
• The heat gradually dissipates into the atmosphere. 热量逐渐消失在大气中。
• His anger dissipated as the situation became clear. 随着局势的明朗，他渐渐消了气。
vt. 浪费；使…消散
 - lose, spend
vi. 驱散；放荡
 - to break up, sow one's wild oats

Word: donkey
Front: donkey
[ˈdɒŋki] (研四 9477/7036 -1)
Vocabulary: donkey
(once / 694 pages)
n
A donkey is a four-legged domesticated farm animal with hooves that's related to the horse. Donkeys are known for the braying sound they make and their long ears.
Farmers often keep donkeys for pulling carts, carrying heavy loads, or even for guarding flocks of sheep. In some places, donkeys are ridden like horses or kept as calming companions for nervous horses. The word donkey was first used as slang for the animal then only called an ass. It was probably modeled after monkey, with which it originally rhymed, from dun, or "a grayish brown color."
WORD FAMILY
donkey: donkeys
USAGE EXAMPLES
His Christmas card was a cartoon portraying him and his wife as the two halves of a pantomime donkey.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
This exquisite, deceptively quiet novel opens with a 12-year-old Iranian girl and her donkey, trekking down a desolate desert road.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The moment he was partly transformed into a donkey, the paintbrushes were turned upside down.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 驴，毛驴; 笨蛋，傻瓜; （美国）民主党的象征
分布：驴(99%)，愚蠢的人(1%)
→可能来自人名Duncan. 或来自dun, 暗褐色，词源同dun, 暗褐色，拼写受Monkey影响。
n.驴子;蠢人;顽固的人In the chimney the donkey and monkey found the key to the money monitor.猴和驴在烟囱里找到了货币监视器的钥匙.
US ['dɑ:ŋ-] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■an animal like a small horse with long ears 驴
UK ['dɒŋ.ki] US ['dɑ:ŋ-] noun countable
do (all) the donkey work UK informal
■to do the hard, boring part of a job 从事艰苦枯燥的工作
• Why should I do all the donkey work while you sit around doing nothing? 为甚么你在那里闲坐着甚么也不干，而我却要干所有这些枯燥乏味的工作？
UK ['dɒŋ.ki] US ['dɑ:ŋ-] noun countable
donkey's years UK informal
■a very long time 很久，很长时间
• She's been in the same job for donkey's years. 她这份工作做了很久了。
donkey, ass
这组词都有“驴”的意思，其区别是：
donkey: 是普通常用词。
ass: 指驴时显得较古。
n. 驴子；傻瓜；顽固的人
 - ass, stupid

Word: fervent
Front: fervent
[ˈfɜ:vənt] (托雅 14117/14032 -1)
Vocabulary: fervent
(once / 570 pages)
1adj 2adj
Use fervent to describe a person or thing that shows very strong feelings or enthusiasm. If you have a fervent desire to become an actress, you'll stop at nothing to realize your dream.
The adjective fervent and the noun fervor are often associated with the feelings aroused by patriotism, religion, or a belief that you support or oppose. A near synonym for the adjective is ardent. Fervent is from Middle English, from Old French, from the Latin verb fervēre "to boil, glow."
WORD FAMILY
fervent: fervency, ferventer, fervently +/fervency: fervencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indeed, she seems to be one of those people who toggle between highly enthusiastic and downright fervent.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
A lot of his most fervent fans, especially among the younger men, especially online, are very explicitly anti-feminist.
Salon(Dec 21, 2016)
His body caused fervent debate early in his career when the Nationals shut him down following Tommy John surgery.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 热诚的，热烈的; 炽热的; 强烈的; 慷慨
分布：强烈的(43%)，热情的(32%)，热心的(16%)，炎热的(9%)
→词源同brew, 蒸煮，酝酿。引申词义发热的，热情的。
热切的(ferv+ent)[ferv=boil,表示"沸,热"]
【记】ferv热；参：fever（v 发烧）
【反】dispassionate（adj 冷静的）
US ['fɝ:-] adjective (also fervid) formal
■describes beliefs that are strongly and sincerely felt or people who have strong and sincere beliefs 强烈的；热情的，热诚的
• a fervent supporter of the communist party 共产党的热烈拥护者
• It is his fervent hope that a peaceful solution will soon be found. 他热切地希望能很快找到和平解决的方案。
adj. 热心的；强烈的；炽热的；热烈的
 - intense, eager, burning, sharp, enthusiastic

Word: gloria
Front: gloria
[ˈɡlɔ:riə] (-/7423)
Back: n. 荣耀颂歌，光环，光轮
分布：名词(100%)

Word: firewall
Front: firewall
[ˈfaɪəwɔ:l] (17087/-)
Back: n. 防火墙
vt. 用作防火墙
分布：隔火墙(67%)，防火壁(33%)
noun countable specialized
■a device or program that stops people getting access to a computer without permission while it is connected to the Internet （电脑的）防火墙
n. 防火墙
 - NetScreen

Word: infinite
Front: infinite
[ˈɪnfɪnət] (研四六雅 6860/6045 -2)
Vocabulary: infinite
(once / 136 pages)
1adjn 2adj
Infinite describes things that are endless, like the universe, or your Uncle Phil's jokes.
Finite means "something with an end," and when you add the prefix, in- meaning "not," you get infinite: something that never, ever ends. If someone has read every single book about pyramids, you might say he as an infinite knowledge of ancient Egyptian culture, even though that's an exaggeration. He will sure stop talking about them at some point. Right?
WORD FAMILY
infinite: infinitely, infiniteness, infinites, infinity +/ finite: finitely, finiteness, infinite, non-finite/ infinity: infinities
USAGE EXAMPLES
“An infinite thanks to the president of the republic.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Outside the fishbowl, his co-workers scrolled on, working their way through infinite feeds.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
There are, rather, accelerating and decelerating trends, and an infinite number of possible paths.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 无限的，无穷的; 无数的，许许多多的; 极大的
n. 无限，无穷; [数] 无穷大; <宗>造物主，神; 无限的事物
分布：无限(63%)，无限的(27%)，无穷的(10%)
→in-,不，非，finite,有限的。
无限的(in无+finite)[fin=end,boundary,表示"结束,范围"]
a.无限的,无穷的n.无限Time is finite and infinite. I defy the indefinite definition.时间既是有限的又是无限的.我公然对抗这个模糊的定义.
【记】in无，fin范围－无范围的－无限的
【区】infinitesimal（adj 无穷小的n 极小量）；finite（adj 有限的）
adjective
■without limits; extremely large or great 无限的，无边的；极大的
• an infinite number/variety 无数／种类繁多
• The universe is theoretically infinite. 从理论上来讲，宇宙是无边无际的。
• With infinite patience , she explained the complex procedure to us. 她以极大的耐心向我们解释这个复杂的程式。
['ɪn.fɪ.nət] adjective
in sb's infinite wisdom disapproving
■used to show that you do not understand why someone has done something and that you think it was a stupid action 以（某人）无比的智慧（表示不明白某人为甚么做了让人觉得很傻的事）
• The authorities, in their infinite wisdom, decided to close the advice centre. 当局以其无比的智慧决定关闭咨询中心。
['ɪn.fɪ.nət] noun
the Infinite
■God 上帝
adj. 无限的， [数] 无穷的；无数的；极大的
 - huge, tremendous, thousand, million, boundless
n. 无限； [数] 无穷大；无限的东西（如空间，时间）
 - Mugen, immenseness

Word: inertia
Front: inertia
[ɪˈnɜ:ʃə] (研六雅宝 12961/11341 -1)
Vocabulary: inertia
(once / 3425 pages)
n
Inertia is resistance to change. You hate looking at people's feet and yet you stay in your job as a shoe salesman year after year. Why? Inertia.
Inertia is a physics term. Isaac Newtown discovered that a body at rest would stay at rest and a body moving through space would continue moving through space unless an external force (like friction or gravity) caused it to slow down or stop. Sometimes we need an external force to help us get going or to change direction, too, like a friend to tell us to get off the couch or to quit that job at the shoe store.
WORD FAMILY
inertia: inertias
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s languished amid industry criticisms, interventions from Congress and the bureaucratic inertia of the federal regulatory process.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Uncritical reverence for the Constitution as written and simple inertia are constant, and powerful, forces on both sides of the aisle.
Slate(Dec 19, 2016)
A New York real estate heir charged with murdering a friend in Los Angeles told a prosecutor he never fled because of inertia.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. <物>惯性，惰性; 迟钝; 不活动
分布：惯性(83%)，惰性(17%)
→来自inert,惰性的。后17世纪物理学家牛顿用来指物理学上的力的惯性。
n.不活动,惰性;惯性Our inertia in this matter may prove disastrous; we must move to aid our allies immediately.
【反】the tendency to change motion（改变运动趋势）；activity（n 活跃；活性）；reactant（n 反应物）
US [-'nɝ:-] noun uncountable
LACK OF ACTIVITY 缺乏活力
■lack of activity or interest, or unwillingness to make an effort to do anything 缺乏活力，惰性
• The organization is stifled by bureaucratic inertia. 官僚主义的惰性扼杀了这个组织。
UK [ɪ'nɜ:.ʃə] US [-'nɝ:-] noun uncountable
FORCE 力 specialized
■the physical force that keeps something in the same position or moving in the same direction 惯性
n. [力] 惯性； [化学] 惰性，迟钝；不活动
 - nonreactivity, inaction

Word: laundry
Front: laundry
[ˈlɔ:ndri] (高研四六托雅 4940/7707 -1)
Vocabulary: laundry
(once / 1770 pages)
n
Laundry refers to the clothes and bedding that you can wash in your washing machine or at the laundromat. Nothing smells quite as good as clean laundry.
When you do your laundry, you wash your dirty clothes, as well as any towels, sheets, and other linens that could use a wash too. A laundry room is the place in an apartment building, business, or dormitory where there are washers and dryers. Sometimes people send their laundry out to a commercial laundry, where they pay someone else to wash their things. Laundry has a Latin root, lavare, "to wash."
WORD FAMILY
laundry: laundries+/ launder: laundered, laundering, launders, laundry /laundering: launderings
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was Don who transformed the establishment into the laundry equivalent of a trendy nightclub’s velvet-roped VIP area.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
“Laundry baskets” of letters arrived for him daily, Leah said.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
He works at a coin-op laundry, while his wife, 49, is a babysitter, a midwife and a nanny.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 洗衣店，洗衣房; 洗好的衣服; 待洗的衣服; 洗熨
分布：洗衣(85%)，洗衣店(12%)，要洗的衣服(3%)
→来自launder,洗熨衣物。
洗衣房(launder洗衣,浆洗)[-ry表名词,通常放在一个完整的单词后面1.表示"状态,性质"2.表示"行业,学科"3.表示集合名词4.表示"场地"]
n.洗衣房(店);待洗衣物,所洗衣物Uncle and aunt launched a laundry with the blunt hunter.伯伯和伯母与直率的猎人创办了一家洗衣店.
【记】以dry结尾，衣服洗完以后需要dry一下。
US ['lɑ:n-] noun
uncountable
■the dirty clothes and sheets which need to be, are being or have been washed 待洗（或正在洗涤、洗完）的衣物
• I've got to do (= wash) my laundry. 我要把衣服洗了。
countable
■a business which washes clothes, sheets, etc. for customers 洗衣店
UK ['lɔ:n.dri] US ['lɑ:n-] noun
a laundry list mainly US
■a long list of subjects 长篇的罗列
• It wasn't much of a speech - just a laundry list of accusations against the government. 这不算是演讲，只是在将一连串对政府的控诉罗列出来。
n. [贸易] 洗衣店，洗衣房；要洗的衣服；洗熨；洗好的衣服
 - cleaners, loundry

Word: module
Front: module
[ˈmɒdju:l] (研六雅 6287/1606 -1)
Vocabulary: module
(once / 6860 pages)
n
A module is an individual part that combines with other components to make different things. You might have one module that's a cube, and another that's a slab of wood. Two cubes and a slab could make an end table.
In space exploration, module can refer specifically to one of the lunar modules used for landing on the moon during the Apollo space missions. Two astronauts used a module to descend to the moon from the orbiting Apollo spacecraft and to return when the moon mission was complete. More recently, the Space Shuttle delivered several modules to the International Space Station, which is built on a modular design.
WORD FAMILY
module: modular, modules+/ modular: modularly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The training Dec. 14 was divided into different modules.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
His final flight, on Atlantis in 2010, delivered a new module to the International Space Station.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
It would also clear the way for European industry to start building a second "service module" for America’s forthcoming crewship known as Orion.
BBC(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 模块; 组件; （宇宙飞船上各个独立的）舱; 测量流水等的单位
分布：模块(88%)，组件(5%)，单元(5%)，模数(2%)
→来自mode,模式，模型，方式，尺度，-ule,小词后缀。即小模型，引申词义模块，单元。
n.组件,模块,模件;(航天器的)舱
US ['mɑ:.dʒu:l] noun countable
■one of a set of separate parts which, when combined, form a complete whole 组件；模组
• The emergency building is transported in individual modules, such as bedrooms and a kitchen, which are put together on site. 急难住所将各模组，如卧室和厨房，分别运送至现场再当场组装。
• The full computer program is made up of several modules (= small programs) which should be individually tested before being integrated. 电脑的整个程式由几个模组组成，在整合之前须分别进行独立测试。
■one of the units which together make a complete course taught especially at a college or university （尤指大学课程的）单元
■a part of a spacecraft which can operate independently of the other parts, especially when separate from them （太空船独立的）舱
• a lunar landing module 登月舱
n. [计] 模块； [电子] 组件；模数
 - component, ActiveX Component ActiveX

Word: regiment
Front: regiment
[ˈredʒɪmənt] (六宝 10298/4391 -2)
Vocabulary: regiment
(once / 131 pages)
nv
Use the word regiment to describe a military unit that is smaller than a division: “Geoff’s new regiment consisted of three battalions that had been based in Alabama.”
Most often used as a noun to describe a military unit made up of several battalions, the word regiment can also be used as a verb. If you ever need to assign troops to a regiment, you might say something like, “Next week I will regiment the ground forces arriving from North Dakota.” The verb form can also be used in a more general sense to describe any action that is characterized by strict order or control: "Her diet is strictly regimented to include only Sugar Babies."
WORD FAMILY
regiment: regimental, regimentation, regimented, regimenting, regiments+/regimental: regimentally/regimentation: regimentations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The soldier served in the 2nd Battalion, Duke of Lancaster's Regiment.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The grist and sawmill complex was the scene of a clash between Union and Confederate regiments on Aug. 1, 1864.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But in China’s rigid table tennis system, many aspects of his life were strictly regimented — none more than his playing style.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （军队的）团; 大量的人或物
vt. 严格地管制，严密地编组
时态：regimented, regimenting, regiments
分布：组织(60%)，严格管制(20%)，组编成团(20%)
→来自拉丁语 regere,统治，管理，词源同 regulate.-ment,名词后缀。后用于军事序列指团。
【记】reg统治，iment：需要团长严格管制的就是团
noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a large group of soldiers, or (more generally) any large number of things or people （军队的）团；大批，大群（事物或人）
• Regiments are usually commanded by a colonel and are sometimes made up of soldiers from a particular city or part of the country. 团通常由上校指挥，有时其士兵都来自某个城市或国家的某个特定地区。
n. 团；大量
 - lots of, wealth, ocean, sea, mass

Word: precondition
Front: precondition
[ˌpri:kənˈdɪʃn] (13103/12345 -1)
Vocabulary: precondition
(once / 17854 pages)
nv
A precondition is a prerequisite. It’s the thing that has to happen before something else happens. For example, as a precondition to getting your allowance, you might have to give the dog a hairdo once a week.
Precondition is often used in the negative – when world leaders meet to discuss something, they might ask for no preconditions. Clean slate. On the other hand, good grades are sometimes a precondition for joining the school basketball team. Applying for a new job can be frustrating when you realize that experience is a precondition, but you're not sure how to get the experience without getting a job. When it's a verb, precondition means to prepare something (or someone).
WORD FAMILY
precondition: preconditioned, preconditioning, preconditions+/ condition: conditional, conditioned, conditioner, conditioning, conditions, precondition, recondition/ conditional: conditionality, conditionally, unconditional / conditioned: conditioneder, unconditioned / conditioner: conditioners/conditioning: conditionings/recondition: reconditioned, reconditioning, reconditions/ unconditional: unconditionally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Netanyahu says all disputes must be settled through direct negotiations without any preconditions, and that any international pressure undermines the negotiating process.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Syria's government said it was ready to resume dialogue with the opposition but without "external intervention or preconditions".
BBC(Dec 09, 2016)
But the taste for turr was so entrenched that allowing the hunt to continue became a precondition for Newfoundland to join Canada in 1949.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 前提; 先决条件
vt. 预先处理; 事先准备
时态：preconditioned, preconditioning, preconditions
分布：前提(86%)，先决条件(13%)，预先准备(1%)
→pre-,在前，condition,情况。
noun countable
■something which must happen or be true before it is possible for something else to happen 前提，先决条件
• A halt to the fighting is a precondition for negotiations. 停火是谈判的前提。
n. 前提；先决条件
 - premise, prerequisite
vt. 预处理；事先准备
 - preprocess, pretreat

Word: rigidity
Front: rigidity
[rɪ'dʒɪdətɪ] (托 14794/14495)
Vocabulary: rigidity
(once / 3414 pages)
n
Rigidity is a quality found in people and objects that don't bend — though they might eventually break.
When we see rigidity in a person, it means they're severe, like a teacher who punishes you for being late even though you were busy saving an orphan from a polar bear. Rigidity means no bending — in that case, of the rules. Objects and substances can have rigidity as well, if they literally won't bend. Rigidity means about the same thing as inflexibility, another word that describes rock-solid, unyielding people and substances.
WORD FAMILY
rigidity: rigidities+/ rigid: nonrigid, rigider, rigidest, rigidity, rigidly, rigidness, semirigid
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are those who follow the rigidity of the system and play by the rules, and those who oppose the fascist regimes.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Not so for Angels Manager Mike Scioscia, who believes bullpens should be managed with rigidity.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 07, 2016)
What we were really trying to convey was the drabness, the rigidity, the sense of enclosure.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 坚硬; 严格; 刚直; 死板
分布：硬度(63%)，刻板(13%)，严格(12%)，坚硬(12%)
固执;僵化(rigid僵硬的)[-ity表名词,指具备某种性质]
ADJ-GRADED
(法律、制度或体系)严格的，刻板的，不可变更的
Laws, rules, or systems that are rigid cannot be changed or varied, and are therefore considered to be rather severe.
例：Several colleges in our study have rigid rules about student conduct...在我们的研究中，有几所大学制定了严格的学生行为规则。
例：Hospital routines for nurses are very rigid.医院中护士的日常工作非常刻板。
ADJ-GRADED
固执的;顽固的;刻板的
If you disapprove of someone because you think they are not willing to change their way of thinking or behaving, you can describe them as rigid .
例：She was a fairly rigid person who had strong religious views...她相当顽固，宗教观念极强。
例：My father is very rigid in his thinking.我父亲的思想非常顽固。
ADJ-GRADED
坚硬的;刚性的;不易弯曲的
A rigid substance or object is stiff and does not bend, stretch, or twist easily.
例：...rigid plastic containers...坚硬的塑料容器
例：These plates are fairly rigid.这些盘子非常坚硬。
ADJ-GRADED
(常因震惊或害怕)身体僵直的，不能动弹的，呆住的
If someone goes rigid, their body becomes very straight and stiff, usually as a result of shock or fear.
例：I went rigid with shock...我惊得僵在那里。
例：Andrew went rigid when he saw a dog, any dog, anywhere.安德鲁过去只要看见狗，无论在哪里，无论什么狗，都会吓得一动不动。
n. [物] 硬度， [力] 刚性；严格，刻板；僵化；坚硬
 - stiffness, starch

Word: sleek
Front: sleek
[sli:k] (7014/12390 -1)
Vocabulary: sleek
(once / 1307 pages)
adjv
If you hair is sleek, it is smooth and glossy. If your car is sleek, it's shiny and looks like it goes fast. Sleek always means smooth, glossy, and streamlined.
Sleek is a variant of the word, slick. When you slick back your hair with grease, it becomes sleek. Cats are often called sleek with their silky coats and lithe movements. A dress could be described as sleek, if it fits tightly to your body and makes you look polished and perfectly fit. When something is sleek, it's aerodynamic.
WORD FAMILY
sleek: sleeked, sleeker, sleekest, sleeking, sleekly, sleekness, sleeks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here you’ll find sleek pieces for your living room, dining room, bedroom and office, as well as decorative objects, rugs, wall art, lighting and mirrors.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Metro’s sleek new stainless steel rail cars are noticeably different from their clanking aluminum predecessors: They’re shiny, brightly lighted, far more modern.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
But it will require impressive feats of engineering to drive the sleek vehicle 3,000km through Australia's interior.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 圆滑的，花言巧语的; 有光泽的; 时髦的; （动植物）喂养得好的，长得好的
vt. 使光滑，使有光泽; 掩饰，隐瞒; 使整洁
vi. 打扮整洁; 滑动
时态：sleeked, sleeking, sleeks
分布：光滑的(54%)，圆滑的(43%)，使光滑(3%)
adjective
■(especially of hair, clothes or shapes) smooth, shiny and lying close to the body, and therefore looking well cared for; not untidy and with no parts sticking out （尤指头发、衣服）平滑发亮的，整洁的；（外形）线条流畅的
• The cat had sleek fur. 那只猫的皮毛油光发亮。
• Who owns that sleek black car parked outside your house? 停在你房子外面的那辆造型优雅的黑色汽车是谁的?
• disapproving He's one of those sleek (= seeming rich and dishonest) businessman types. 他是那种很滑头的生意人。
[sli:k] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] sleek back/down
■to make something such as hair smooth, shiny and flat 把（头发等）梳理光滑
• Before going to the party, he sleeked back his hair with hair cream. 去参加派对前，他用发油将头发梳理得平滑光亮。
adj. 圆滑的；井然有序的
 - saponaceous, tactful
vt. 使…光滑；掩盖
 - cover up, screen from
vi. 打扮整洁；滑动
 - slip, slide

Word: sputter
Front: sputter
[ˈspʌtə(r)] (11175/36116)
Back: n. 喷溅声; 劈啪声; 急语; 咕哝
v. 唾沫飞溅; 发劈啪声; 喷出; 飞溅出
时态：sputtered, sputtering, sputters
分布：喷溅(36%)，劈啪声(19%)，飞溅(9%)，生气激动地说(9%)，发出劈啪声(9%)，语无伦次地说(9%)，兴奋地说话(9%)
US ['spʌtˌ.ɚ] verb
SOUND 声音
intransitive or transitive
■to make several quick explosive sounds （使）发出劈啪声
• The car sputtered once or twice and then stopped. 汽车劈啪响了一两声就停了下来。
UK ['spʌt.ər] US ['spʌtˌ.ɚ] verb
ACTIVITY 活动
intransitive literary
■If an activity sputters, it is weak and varied, and does not make people feel confident about it （活动）勉强进行
• Russia's presidential campaign sputtered to an uneasy close on Monday. 俄罗斯的总统竞选活动一波多折，于周一勉强结束了。
vi. 发劈啪声；唾沫飞溅；结结巴巴地讲
 - crackle
vt. 气急败坏地说；飞溅出；喷出
 - belch out, spout out
n. 劈啪声；喷溅声；急切的言语
 - splutter

Word: sunset
Front: sunset
[ˈsʌnset] (高研四六托 5739/7738 -2)
Back: n. 日落（时），薄暮; 晚霞; 黄昏
adj. 定期废止的
分布：日落(100%)
→sun,太阳，set,坐下，落山。
n.日落,傍晚;晚霞The funny cunning runner uses his gum gun before sunrise or after sunset.滑稽乖巧的赛跑者在日出之前或日落之后使用胶皮枪.
noun
uncountable
■the time in the evening when you last see the sun in the sky 日落（时分），黄昏，傍晚
• The fishermen set out at sunset for a night's fishing. 渔夫们日落时分出海，准备夜间捕鱼。
countable
■the appearance of the sky in the evening before the sun goes down 晚霞
• We sat on the beach watching a spectacular sunset. 我们坐在海滩上观看壮丽的晚霞。
['sʌn.set] noun
ride/drive/walk, etc. (off) into the sunset
■to begin a new happy life at the end of a story （在故事的结尾）开始幸福的新生活
• At the end of the film, the pair of them ride off into the sunset. 在电影的结尾，他们俩过上了幸福的新生活。
n. 日落，傍晚
 - Sundown, early evening

Word: windmill
Front: windmill
[ˈwɪndmɪl] (六 12809/11762 -1)
Back: n. 风车; 旋转玩具; <口>直升飞机
分布：风车(100%)
→wind,风，mill,磨坊。
noun countable
■a building or structure with large blades on the outside which, when turned by the force of the wind, provide the power for getting water out of the ground or crushing grain 风车房；风力磨坊；风车
■* a wind turbine
■(US also pinwheel)
■a child's toy which consists of a stick with brightly coloured pieces of plastic at one end which turn around when you blow them or hold the toy in the wind （儿童玩具）风车
n. [动力] 风车；风车房；旋转玩具；直升飞机
 - winnower, helicopter
vt. 使旋转
 - turn, spin, swing

Word: doubly
Front: doubly
[ˈdʌbli] (13332/9736 -1)
Vocabulary: doubly
(once / 943 pages)
adv
The adverb doubly means "twice as" or "double." If your new French class is doubly hard as last year's class, it's two times harder.
Sometimes people use doubly for general emphasis, to mean "very" or "especially." Your boss might say, "Today's doubly important because the owner of the company will be observing our work." Or you might feel doubly hungry for breakfast after a morning swim. Doubly comes from the adjective double, with its Latin root of duplus, "twofold or twice as much," from duo, "two."
WORD FAMILY
double: doubled, doubler, doubles, doubling, doublingly, doubly +/doubler: doublers/doubling: doublings
USAGE EXAMPLES
What’s true is real life is doubly so on television.
Salon(Dec 14, 2016)
This was doubly important because arguably the most important sequence of the film, the end one, is fashioned from all of the earlier musical themes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Health-wise, the more vegetables the better, so dipping them in salsa is a doubly smart move.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adv. 加倍地，双倍地; 两方面地; 有双重原因造成; 倍增
分布：加倍地(46%)，二倍地(27%)，双重地(27%)
adverb
■twice as much, or very much more 加倍地，成倍地
• Losing both the Cup and the League is doubly disappointing (= disappointing in two ways). 在杯赛和联赛中的双双失利使人倍感失望。
adv. 双重地；加倍地；双摺地
 - twifold

Word: bobby
Front: bobby
[ˈbɒbi] (-/5853)
Back: n. <英俚>警察
分布：鲍比(男子名(100%)
→来自伦敦警察局的建立者，Robert Peel 爵士的昵称，见peeler, 警察。
US ['bɑ:.bi] UK old-fashioned informal
noun countable
■a police officer 员警
• People liked seeing their friendly local/neighbourhood bobby on his beat. 人们喜欢看到友好的当地员警来回巡逻。
n. 警察
 - police, pig, copper, finest, roz

Word: dialect
Front: dialect
[ˈdaɪəlekt] (研四六托雅宝 10722/7189 -1)
Vocabulary: dialect
(once / 647 pages)
n
If the language you speak in your region is different in vocabulary, grammar and accent than the main form of the language, you speak a dialect. If your cousin in rural Arkansas can't understand your jokes, blame it on differences in dialect.
Both an accent and a dialect contain variations in pronunciation from the standard form of a language. When you speak a dialect, however, you also use different words and grammar, sometimes to such a degree that speakers of the dialect and the standard form of the language have a hard time understanding each other.
WORD FAMILY
dialect: dialectal, dialects
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of the key challenges is getting the technology conversant with multiple languages, accents and dialects.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
The actors, all residents of the area, speak in their native dialect.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
But it's also a country with more than twenty languages and hundreds more dialects.
BBC(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 方言，土语; 语调; [语]语支; 专业用语
分布：方言(98%)，地方话(2%)
→dia-, 穿过，相互。-lect, 说，词源同lecture, legible. 即人与人之的对话交流，后用来指区域性的语言，即方言。
方言(dia在...之间+lect→在一部分人之间说→方言)[lect,leg=speak,read,表示"讲,读"]
n.方言In the college, I alleged that I recollected the dialog in dialect about the dial collection.在学院里我宣称忆起关于收集到度盘用方言进行的对话.
【记】dia2人相对，lect说－2人对着说－方言
noun countable or uncountable
■a form of a language that people speak in a particular part of a country, containing some different words and grammar, etc. 方言，土语，地方话
• a regional dialect 地区方言
• The poem is written in northern dialect. 这首诗是用北方方言写成的。
tone, dialect, accent
这三个名词意思相近，容易混淆。
tone: n.语气，音调，指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。
 • He speaks to his baby in soft tones.   他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话。
dialect: n.方言，土语，地方话，指一个地区人们所使用的语言。
 • the Yorkshire dialect   约克郡方言the Sichuan dialect四川方言
accent: n.口音，指某一地区语言的发音特征；重音。
 • He speaks English with a Spanish accent.   他讲英语带有西班牙口音。
speech, laguage, tongue, slang, dialect, idiom
这组词都有“语言”的意思，其区别是：
speech: 特指人的口语，也指正式的讲话。
laguage: 普通用词，含义广。指人的语言或文字，或动物的语言。既可指口头或书面语言，也可指手势语等。
tongue: 书面用词，指人的语言，亦指人的母语。
slang: 指俚语。
dialect: 指一种语言中，某一地方所特有的语言形式，即方言。
idiom: 指一种语言中一般由几个词结合成短语或句子的特殊表达方式，即惯用语、成语。也指方言。
n. 方言，土话；同源语；行话；个人用语特征
 - patois, provincialism

Word: eponymous
Front: eponymous
[ɪˈpɒnɪməs] (23201/20767 -1)
Vocabulary: eponymous
(once / 16982 pages)
adj
When something is eponymous, it takes its own name as its title. For example, Foo Fighters' first album was eponymous — it was called "Foo Fighters."
It's interesting that books are almost never eponymous. For instance, Herman Melville never wrote a story or a novel called "Herman Melville," and Dickens never titled any of his novels "Charles Dickens." But singers and bands often name at least one of their albums or CDs after themselves. The same goes for TV shows. Think of "Roseanne." Her eponymous show was called, obviously, "Roseanne." Sometimes there's a pun in the name. For example, the Doral Company is named for its founders, Doris and Al. Is that eponymous? You tell me...
WORD FAMILY
eponymous: eponymously+/ eponym: eponymic, eponymous, eponyms
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s a wonder how the weather-beaten Brits coped before Scottish chemist Charles Macintosh invented his eponymous waterproof coat,” noted Google.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
In “Charlie Brown,” the eponymous lead wonders if all that’s left of Christmas is the crass commercialization he sees all around him.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
During his long retail career, Robinson helped establish the Fred Segal center as a shopping destination and, in 1978, successfully created his own eponymous brand.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 齐名的; 使得名的
分布：形容词(98%)，名词(2%)
→epi-, 在上，在中。-onym, 名字，词源同name, anonymous. 即名字重合的。
US [-'pɑ:.nɪ-] literary
adjective [before noun]
■An eponymous character in a play, book, etc. has the same name as the title. （人物与作品标题）同名的

Word: excise
Front: excise
[ˈeksaɪz] (宝 17506/7269 -1)
Vocabulary: excise
(once / 2037 pages)
1v 2nv
An excise tax is a special tax levied on specific products sold within a country. To excise something can also mean to get rid of it. Say, wouldn't it be nice if they would excise the excise taxes?
An excise tax is simply an extra tax put on various products. Perhaps the most common examples are the taxes levied on tobacco and liquor, often called "sin taxes" because drinking and smoking are considered vices. There is also an excise tax on gasoline. To cover the tax, the seller will usually raise the price of the item. Interestingly, the word excise (ek-SIZE) used as a verb means to remove something by cutting it out. Good luck with excising the excise taxes!
WORD FAMILY
excise: excised, excises, excising, excision+/excision: excisions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The “scum of the world” lines are excised, and the scourging of Jesus is ascribed not to Jewish soldiers but to Pilate.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
He was initially a fierce critic of Trump, saying he represented a “cancer on conservatism” that should be “clearly diagnosed, excised and discarded”.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
Central Puget Sound Regional Transportation Authority, Wash., $400 million of sales tax and motor vehicle excise tax bonds.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: vt. 切除，删去; 向…征税; 向…索取高价
n. 国内货物税，消费税; 执照税; （英国的）国产税务局
时态：excised, excising, excises
分布：消费税(57%)，切除(20%)，货物税(11%)，删除(6%)，征税(6%)
→来自拉丁语accensum, 评估，估税，来自词根cens,评估，审查，词源同census. 因词义与excise有所重合，因而拼写受excise影响俗化。excise 切除，删除
切除(ex+cise切→切出→切除)[ex-①表示"出,出去"②表示"前面的,前任的"]
割去,删去(ex出＋cise)[cid,cis=cut,kill,表示"切开,杀"]
【记】ex出，cise切－切出去－切除
【参】concision（n 切割；简洁）；incisive（adj 一针见血的）；excision（n 切除；删除）
US [ˈ--] formal
■to remove, especially by cutting 去除；（尤指）切除
• During a three-hour operation six tumours were excised from the wall of the patient's stomach. 在三个小时的手术中，共从病人的胃壁上切除了六个肿瘤。
• The official censors have excised the controversial sections of the report. 官方审查员删除了报告中具争议性的部分。
vt. 切除；收税
 - resect, abscise
n. [税收] 消费税；货物税
 - consumption tax, goods tax

Word: idealistic
Front: idealistic
[ˌaɪdiəˈlɪstɪk] (11860/14297 -1)
Vocabulary: idealistic
(once / 4263 pages)
adj
When you're idealistic, you dream of perfection, whether in yourself or other people. For example, you might have the idealistic goal of bringing an end to childhood poverty in the world.
The adjective idealistic describes someone whose plans or goals of helping others are lofty, grand, and possibly unrealistic. Do you think world peace is within reach? You're idealistic. If your vision of the world is idealistic, you believe all problems can be solved and that all people can reach their full potential. Idealistic comes from the Greek idea, or "ideal prototype."
WORD FAMILY
idealistic: idealistically+/ idea: ideal, ideas, ideate/ ideal: idealise, idealism, ideality, idealize, ideally, ideals/idealisation: idealisations/idealise: idealisation, idealised, idealises, idealising/ idealism: idealisms, idealist, idealistic / idealist: idealists/ideality: idealities/idealization: idealizations/ idealize: idealization, idealized, idealizes, idealizing/ideate: ideated, ideating, ideation / ideation: ideational, ideations/ideational: ideationally
USAGE EXAMPLES
As idealistic as it sounds, into our own talk.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
It sounds a little idealistic, but it’s something to work towards.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Many of his friends there were idealistic, progressive — ideological misfits in Reagan’s America.
New York Times(Jan 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 理想主义的; 空想家的; 唯心主义的; 唯心论的
分布：理想主义的(87%)，空想的(13%)
→来自ideal,空想的。
ADJ-GRADED
理想主义(者)的;空想的
If you describe someone as idealistic, you mean that they have ideals, and base their behaviour on these ideals, even though this may be impractical.
例：Idealistic young people died for the cause...理想主义青年为这项事业而献身。
例：Older mothers tend to be too idealistic about the pleasures of motherhood.较年长的母亲往往对身为人母的乐趣过于理想化。
adj. 理想主义的；唯心论的；唯心主义者的；空想家的
 - spiritualistic

Word: magnify
Front: magnify
[ˈmægnɪfaɪ] (研六托雅宝 9568/11203 -1)
Vocabulary: magnify
(once / 834 pages)
v
To magnify is to make something bigger, whether in size or in significance.
A magnifying glass makes things look bigger and when anything is magnified, it gets larger in some way. If your hunger is magnified, you've gotten hungrier. Wearing a heavy coat on a hot day will magnify the heat: you're feeling hotter and hotter. Also, non-physical things get magnified. The press could magnify a story by discussing it over and over, making it a bigger story than it was originally. All types of magnifying make things bigger.
WORD FAMILY
magnify: magnification, magnified, magnifier, magnifies, magnifying+/ magnification: magnifications/magnifier: magnifiers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two main classes of figurative language, Pope argued, were responsible: “the Magnifying” and “the Diminishing.”
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
“Under President-elect Trump, a developer himself, he will magnify the need for a program like this,” he said at the event, according to the publication.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Investigators targeted more than 280 nail bars as part of the government's Operation Magnify drive targeting "risk" industries.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 放大; 赞美; 夸大; 夸奖
vi. 放大; 有放大能力
时态：magnified, magnifying, magnifies
分布：放大(81%)，夸大(19%)
→magni-,巨大的，-fy,做，使。即使巨大。
vt.放大,扩大,夸大,夸张A loudspeaker magnifies the human voice.扬声器扩大人的声音.
verb transitive
■to make something look larger than it is, especially by looking at it through a specially cut piece of glass 放大，扩大
• Although our skin looks smooth, when magnified it is full of bumps and holes. 我们的皮肤看上去很光滑，但放大后却满是坑坑洼洼。
■disapproving
■to make a problem bigger and more important than it really is 夸大（问题）
• The hot summer magnified the racial tensions in the community. 炎热的夏日加深了社区的种族矛盾。
enlarge, magnify, increase, expand, multiply, augment, amplify
这组词都有“增加，增大”的意思，其区别是：
enlarge: 主要指面积或体积等的扩大。
magnify: 可指用光学仪器使物体看上去显得变大；也指事实上把某物增大，有时用于夸张意味。
increase: 指数量、强度和大小等方面的扩大或增加。
expand: 指范围、程度、体积和尺寸等方面的扩大或增加。
multiply: 通常指自然繁殖而产生的增长，有时也指同类事物数量的成倍增加。
augment: 较正式用词，一般指在原有的基础上增加含量而扩大。
amplify: 在科技中常指声音的扩大或电磁波的增强。也指补充了细节、详述或扩大内容等。此词系正式用语。
exaggerate, magnify
这组词都有“夸大，夸张”的意思，其区别是：
exaggerate: 指有意或无意地夸张或夸大，含强烈“过火”意味。
magnify: 本义为“放大或扩大”，引申用与exaggerate含义类似，但不如exaggerate常用。
magnify, strengthen
magnify: 放大，扩大
strengthen: 加强，强化
enlarge, stretch, expand, reinforce, magnify, amplify
enlarge: v.扩大，多指具体物品如相片的放大。
 • enlarge photograph   放大照片enlarge a house扩建房屋
stretch: v. (有弹性地)伸展，延伸，并有可能超过限度；伸长、伸出(身体某部位)并绷紧肌肉(尤指在放松后或为了够着某物)。
 • The pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times.   这件套头毛衣我穿了几次之后就撑大了。
 • Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves.   完成了早间工作之后，职员们站到桌子后面伸伸懒腰。
expand: v.指范围、体积的扩大、增大，也可以指内容或细节的充实。
 • The balloon expanded, then exploded.   气球先是膨胀，然后就爆破了。
reinforce: v.增援，加固。
magnify: v.放大，指用透镜或显微镜使物体看上去大一些。
 • His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.   他借助眼睛把字放大以便能够阅读。
amplify: v.扩大，增加，尤其指通过增强电压或电流使声音扩大；补充叙述(故事、事件等)。
 • We must ask you to amplify your statement.   我们得请你对你的说法作进一步的说明。
vt. 放大；赞美；夸大
 - praise, celebrate, bless
vi. 放大；有放大能力
 - enlarge, zoom up

Word: kiosk
Front: kiosk
[ˈki:ɒsk] (宝 13231/14829 -1)
Vocabulary: kiosk
(once / 7710 pages)
n
A kiosk is a small booth or stall. Shopping malls and airports have retail kiosks that sell all sorts of things, ranging from cookies to cell phones to sunglasses to perfumes to newspapers to . . . well, really almost anything!
You're probably familiar with retail kiosks, since they always seem to be located in highly visible areas of the mall, but there are other types of kiosks as well. Information kiosks provide helpful items to tourists, such as maps and pamphlets. You might also see electronic kiosks where you can buy tickets or get various types of information through videos or interactive presentations.
WORD FAMILY
kiosk: kiosks
USAGE EXAMPLES
But with the rise of the mobile phone, the redundant kiosks are increasingly being put to inventive uses, from miniature art galleries to pint-sized pubs.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
EcoATMs pay you on the spot, using cameras in the kiosk to judge the condition of your used smartphone, tablet or iPod.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
The mall still maintains its gloriously 1970s and ’80s orange and yellow tile floors and walls, curved kiosks and fiberglass drop ceilings.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 亭子，凉亭; （车站、广场等处的）书报摊，，公共电话亭; 小摊棚，售货亭
分布：亭(80%)，报摊(12%)，凉亭(8%)
→来自土耳其语koshk,亭子，凉亭。进入英语用于指报刊亭，售货亭等。
US [-ɑ:sk] noun countable
■a small building where things such as sweets, drinks or newspapers are sold through an open window （售糖果、饮料、报纸等的）小亭；售货亭
• a station kiosk 车站售货亭
(also telephone kiosk) UK formal * a telephone box
n. 凉亭；公用电话亭；报摊
 - booth, bower

Word: overreach
Front: overreach
[ˌəʊvəˈri:tʃ] (宝 21257/35154)
Back: vt. 因过于雄心勃勃而失败
时态：overreached, overreaching, overreaches
分布：伸得过远(30%)，做得过头(14%)，马后蹄踢前蹄(14%)，夸大(14%)，行骗(14%)，做事过头(14%)
→over-,超过，过度，reach,伸展，延伸。即伸得过长，超过能力之外，引申词义不自量力。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] verb [R]
■to fail by trying to achieve, spend or do more than you can manage 自不量力，好高骛远；贪功致败
• Companies that overreach themselves soon find themselves in debt. 好高骛远的公司很快就会债务缠身。
vt. 走过头；过度伸张；诈骗
 - outstep, nobble

Word: plotter
Front: plotter
[ˈplɒtə(r)] (18622/16837)
Back: n. 密谋策划者，搞阴谋的人; 绘图机; 标图员，制图者; 计划者
分布：阴谋者(60%)，计划者(40%)
→来自plot,密谋，阴谋。
US ['plɑ:.tˌɚ] noun countable
PERSON 人
■someone who makes a secret plan to do something wrong, harmful or illegal 阴谋者
UK ['plɒt.ər] US ['plɑ:.tˌɚ] noun countable
EQUIPMENT 设备
■a piece of equipment which marks things, such as the position of a ship or aircraft, on a map or piece of paper 绘图机，描绘器
n. [测] 绘图机；阴谋者，策划者
 - drawing machine, conspirator

Word: pep
Front: pep
[pep] (13106/13045 -1)
Vocabulary: pep
(once / 4292 pages)
n
Pep is a high spirited kind of energy. It takes a lot of pep (and pom-poms) to be a cheerleader.
Watching a school play in which the actors are full of pep is a lot more fun than seeing lethargic performers halfheartedly go through the motions. After a good night's sleep and a cup of tea, you might have plenty of pep to start your day — but it might take your older sister longer to truly wake up. Pep first appeared in 1912, as a shortened form of pepper, which once meant "moxie" or "gusto."
WORD FAMILY
pep: pepped, pepping, peppy, peps+/peppy: peppier, peppiest, peppily, peppiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Manchester City boss Pep Guardiola says he is "arriving at the end" of his career and will not be coaching at 65.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The other guide’s pep talk reduced to three sentences.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Manchester City boss Pep Guardiola says it will be difficult for his side to keep up with Premier League leaders Chelsea in the title race.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 活力，精力; 劲头
vt. 激励; 使精力充沛; 给…打气; 使活泼
时态：pepped, pepping, peps
分布：活力(58%)，锐气(17%)，使精力充沛(17%)，鼓舞精神(8%)
→缩写自pepper,辣椒。引申词义活力，精力，热情等。
noun uncountable informal
■energy, or a willingness to be active 精力，活力；热情
[pep] verb (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] pep sb/sth up
■to make someone or something more energetic or interesting 使更加充满活力；增加…的趣味
• A good night's sleep will pep you up. 晚上好好睡一觉会使你精力充沛。
• The show needs to be pepped up with some decent songs. 这场演出需要一些好歌来变得更加精采生动。
n. 活力；锐气，劲头
 - vitality, energy, spring, vigor
vt. 激励；使充满活力，使精力充沛
 - stimulate, power

Word: rile
Front: rile
[raɪl] (宝 17012/22155)
Vocabulary: rile
(once / 5146 pages)
v
To rile someone is to annoy or bother them. For example, a friend might rile you by constantly texting when you're trying to have a conversation with her. You can also rile water, meaning you make it muddy by stirring it up.
The verb rile is derived from roil, and they basically mean the same thing. However, rile is more commonly used to mean "annoy" and roil mostly describes stirred liquid. If you rile up your sister, what you say makes gets her worked up, ready to argue with you. When a kid splashes around in the tub, the water is roiled — but if it gets all over the floor, his parents will be riled.
WORD FAMILY
rile: riled, riles, riling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Starr acknowledged that his actions often riled other administrators who thought that he occasionally coddled student athletes.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
The energy was amplified, but the point was not just to rile and rouse; it was to financially contribute.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
His demeanor will be tested against the Steelers, who will try to get him riled.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 惹恼，激怒
时态：riled, riling, riles
分布：激怒(100%)
【记】ri日，le乐：军训的时候太阳还乐－激怒（你）
【反】appease（v 平息；使满足）；conciliate（v 安慰）；placate（v 安抚）；make calm（使平静）
[raɪl] informal
verb transitive
■to make angry 激怒；使恼火
• Don't let her rile you. 不要让她激怒了你。
vt. 激怒；搅浑；惹怒
 - anger, rub the wrong way

Word: redirect
Front: redirect
[ˌri:dəˈrekt] (高托宝 11425/14745 -1)
Vocabulary: redirect
(once / 9891 pages)
v
When you redirect something, you point it in a different direction. If your dog keeps licking your friends' knees, you might have to redirect her attention to a squeaky toy.
Beavers can famously redirect the flow of water in a stream or river by building dams that divert the flow in a new direction. The very best elementary school teachers are experts at redirecting the attention of young kids, like when a music teacher redirects a class's energy into an enthusiastic round of "Row, Row, Row Your Boat." The direct part of redirect comes from the Latin dirigere, "set straight."
WORD FAMILY
redirect: redirected, redirecting, redirects+/ direct: directed, directest, directing, directive, directly, directness, director, directs, indirect, misdirect, redirect /directed: self-directed, undirected/ directive: directively, directiveness, directives, directivity/ director: directors, directorship/directorship: directorships/ indirect: indirectly, indirectness/misdirect: misdirected, misdirecting, misdirection, misdirects/misdirection: misdirections
USAGE EXAMPLES
That may limit Republican hopes for massive tax cuts or plans to redirect much of the budget surplus into transportation repairs.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Here he redirected his analytic mind to his paralyzing grief, mocking the language of recovery, preferring “numb slog” to “healing journey.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
We are currently bombing the Islamic State in Syria; should we redirect our firepower to the Syrian and Russian militaries?
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 使改寄，更改（信件等）姓名地址; 改变方向，改变线路; 重新寄送; 再查问（证人等）
adj. 再直接的
时态：redirected, redirecting, redirects
分布：再直接的(37%)，重新寄送(36%)，重新传入(27%)
→re-,再，重新，direct,指导，引导。
【记】re重新，direct（v 指引；导演）
verb transitive
■to change the direction of something, especially to send a letter to a new address 使改变方向；使改变路线；（尤指）改寄（信件）
• Resources must be redirected into the many under-funded areas of education. 资源必须重新调配至诸多投资不足的教育领域。
• Please redirect any mail that arrives for me to my address in Ottawa. 请将任何寄到这里的我的信件改寄到我在渥太华的地址。

Word: railroad
Front: railroad
[ˈreɪlrəʊd] (研四六 3649/20425 -1)
Vocabulary: railroad
(once / 166 pages)
1nv 2v
The system of tracks that trains run on can be called a railroad. A railroad is made up of the actual tracks, crossings, and stations, as well as the people who keep the trains running and scream, "All aboard!"
If you prefer traveling by railroad, you like to ride trains, whether to the next town over or all the way across the country. Many railroad tracks in the US are used for freight trains that deliver goods around the country. When railroad is a verb, it can mean "move by train," but it's more likely to mean "force or coerce someone to do something," like when you railroad your brother into taking out the trash for you.
WORD FAMILY
railroad: railroaded, railroader, railroading, railroads+/railroader: railroaders
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some, like General Motors Co. and railroad CSX Corp., borrowed to prop up pension plans.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Charles Stephenson, who cuts hair at the barbershop and beauty salon across the railroad tracks from the college, worries about his town.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Great vintage advertisement: The Union Pacific railroad touts its access to “America’s vital potato markets.”
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 铁路，铁道; 铁路系统，铁路公司
v. 迫使…仓促行事; 强使…草率通过 ; 强迫…做; 轻率判处
时态：railroaded, railroading, railroads
分布：铁路(89%)，铁路公司(9%)，由铁道运输(1%)，迫使仓促行事(1%)
→rail,铁轨，road,道路。引申比喻义强迫，迫使，来自火车这一庞然大物的比喻义。
n.(railway)铁路v.由铁道运输A new railroad is under construction.一条新的铁路正在修建中.
US [-roʊd] noun countable (written abbreviation rR)
 ADVANCED US for
■ railway
UK ['reɪl.rəʊd] US [-roʊd] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to force something to happen or force someone to do something, especially quickly or unfairly （尤指以仓促或不公正的方式）强迫，迫使
• We were railroaded into signing the agreement. 我们被迫仓促签定协定。
n. 铁路；铁路公司
 - Eisenbahn

Word: coercion
Front: coercion
[kəʊˈɜ:ʃn] (宝 9770/12174)
Vocabulary: coercion
(once / 2625 pages)
n
Coercion is making something happen by force, like when bullies use coercion to make kids give them their lunch money.
Coercion can be a threat, "The shady lawyer uses coercion when he threatens to get the waiter fired if he doesn't rat out his boss," or it can be actual brute force, as when the gangster breaks the messenger's leg to keep her from talking to the police. The police might use coercion, too, to get a confession. The prefix co- is derived from the Latin word for "together." So you can't use coercion on yourself; you need someone else to force into doing something.
WORD FAMILY
coercion: coercions+/ coerce: coerced, coerces, coercing, coercion, coercive /coerced: uncoerced/ coercive: coercively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Psychological coercion is central to how an abuser maintains their power and yet there persists the focus on physical violence.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Security officers used a variety of coercion tactics.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Ms Choi is currently in custody, facing charges of coercion and abuse of power.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 强迫; 高压政治; 强制; 威压
分布：强迫(73%)，高压政治(20%)，威压(7%)
US [koʊ'ɝ:-] formal
noun uncountable
■the use of force to persuade someone to do something which they are unwilling to do 强迫，逼迫
• He claimed the police had used coercion, threats and promises to illegally obtain the statement. 他声称警方曾用威逼、恐吓和承诺的方法来非法获取供词。
n. 强制；强迫；高压政治；威压
 - enforcement, constraint, compulsion

Word: sweetener
Front: sweetener
[ˈswi:tnə(r)] (16172/21119 -1)
Back: n. 甜味剂
分布：甜味剂(89%)，好处(11%)
→sweeten,增甜，-er,表物。
US [-nɚ] noun
TASTE 味道
countable or uncountable
■an artificial substance that has a similar taste to sugar, or a small pill made of this 糖精，增甜剂
UK ['swi:t.nər] US [-nɚ] noun
MONEY 钱
countable mainly UK
■a present or money given to persuade someone to do something, especially in a way that is secret and often dishonest 贿赂物，笼络物
• a financial sweetener 经济贿赂
n. 甜料；好处；脱硫设备
 - benefit, plus, good

Word: crater
Front: crater
[ˈkreɪtə(r)] (托雅宝 6886/10495 -1)
Vocabulary: crater
(once / 1928 pages)
n
A crater is a roundish dent left in the surface of something by the impact of something else. Look at the moon: it's covered in craters from thousands of impacts over millions of years.
Once in a while, you might hear the word crater used as a verb, as in, "His career really cratered when he started drinking. But you'll usually hear crater used as a noun to refer to a bowl-shaped depression left behind by an explosion or impact. Outside Flagstaff, Arizona, you'll find Meteor Crater, one of the most well-defined impact craters on the surface of the Earth. It's almost a mile across, even though the meteor that created it was less than 100 yards in diameter.
WORD FAMILY
crater: craters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite this, the coalition left the Old Bridge intact until early December, when air strikes reportedly left craters on approach roads on both sides.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Clues to mysterious impact crater rings, according to this subsurface map obtained from NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory mission.
Science Magazine(Dec 23, 2016)
That may be because they're most likely to find it in permanently shady craters at the poles, a difficult place for solar-powered rovers to reach.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 火山口，喷火口; 弹坑; [天文学]巨爵座; （月球上的）环形山
vt. 在…上形成坑; 取消; 毁坏
vi. 形成坑; 毁坏; 消亡
分布：火山口(99%)，凹地(1%)
→来自sker, 转，弯，搅拌，词源同cradle, crib. 原义为搅拌东西的大海碗，后指碗状的火山口。
【记】根crate一起记：长得都是凹陷的。
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■the round hole at the top of a volcano , or a hole similar to this 火山口；（火山口似的）坑
• the huge crater of Vesuvius 巨大的维苏威火山口
• a bomb crater 炸弹坑
• With a good telescope, you can see craters on the moon. 用好的望远镜能看到月亮上的环形山。
n. [地质] 火山口；弹坑
 - volcanic vent, dead hole
vt. 在…上形成坑；取消；毁坏
 - destroy, damage, recall

Word: brim
Front: brim
[brɪm] (研四六托宝 12307/15159 -1)
Vocabulary: brim
(once / 741 pages)
1nv 2n
The brim is the top of a container, like the edge of a cup. Also, if a cup is brimming, it’s full.
This word has a couple meanings related to fullness. If a cup is full, it’s filled to the brim. The brim is the top. Containers such as buckets and pitchers have brims too. Also, the bucket is brimming if it's totally full. A brimming container is likely to spill. People can brim too: you can be brimming with enthusiasm or happiness. Like a cup about to spill, you can’t quite contain yourself when you’re brimming with joy.
WORD FAMILY
brim: brimful, brimless, brimmed, brimming, brims+/brimming: brimmingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The world is brimming with change, both cultural and political.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The St. Petersburg Times declared it “a respectable though uneven solo effort brimming with blue-eyed soul appeal and a surprisingly mature outlook.”
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Writing in The Times, Ben Brantley said it is “pretty much guaranteed to keep your eyes brimming.”
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. （浅底容器的）边缘; 突出的边沿
vi. 充盈，满; 溢出
vt. 注满
时态：brimmed, brimming, brims
分布：边(63%)，边缘(37%)
→词源可能同break, 分开，切开。
n.边缘,帽沿With a dim triumph, she trims the swimming-suit rim at the swimming-pool brim.她带着暗淡的喜悦在泳池边整理泳装的边缘.
【记】rim（n 边，框），你到了悬崖边上，我会说‘b’不grim（adj 严厉的，坚定的），g鬼在边上rim－严厉的
【参】brimful（adj 充满的，盈满的）
noun
PART OF HAT 帽子的部分
countable usually singular
■the bottom part of a hat that sticks out all round 帽檐 Compare crown
[brɪm] noun
TOP 顶部
countable
■the very top edge of a container （容器的）边
• She poured the cream until it reached the brim. 她将鲜奶油倒满。
• He filled the jug to the brim. 他把壶灌满。
• She passed him the mug, filled/full to the brim with hot black coffee. 她递给他杯子，里面装满热腾腾的黑咖啡。
[brɪm] verb intransitive (-mm-)
■to become full of something, especially a liquid 注满，装满（尤指液体）
• Her eyes brimmed with tears when she heard that he was alive. 当她听说他活着时，眼里噙满了泪水。
• figurative His recent triumphs have left the tennis ace brimming (over) with (= full of) confidence and energy. 最近的几次胜利使这位网球高手充满信心和活力。
verge, edge, brim, margin, border, fringe, rim
这组词都有“边，边缘”的意思，其区别是：
verge: 指明显地标志一个表在或一广阔空间的边界，或终端线，也指极狭窄的空间。常用作比喻。
edge: 普通用词，指较窄的边沿。
brim: 指深容器的内边或河、湖等水域的最高线。
margin: 指物体的空白边，一般较宽。
border: 侧重刚好在界线内的一部分表面上，指较宽的边缘，也可指边缘本身。
fringe: 指地毯的须边、围巾的花边、烫发的卷边或人群的边缘。
rim: 指圆形或有曲线的物体的边缘。
n. 边；边缘
 - margin, rim
vi. 满溢；溢出
 - spill over, flow over

Word: empirical
Front: empirical
[ɪmˈpɪrɪkl] (研六雅宝 5285/4444 -1)
Vocabulary: empirical
(once / 2151 pages)
adj
If knowledge is empirical, it's based on observation rather than theory. To do an empirical study of donut shops, you'll need to visit every one you can find.
Empirical looks like empire comes from a completely different origin: it is from the Greek empeirikos, meaning experienced. It was originally used in medicine for doctors making choices based on observation and experiment rather than theoretical ideas. It's now used for any kind of knowledge that comes from experience. Meditate all day on the origins of donuts, but until you visit the donut bakery you'll lack empirical knowledge of donut creation.
WORD FAMILY
empirical: empirically, empiricism, semiempirical+/ empiricism: empiricisms, empiricist/empiricist: empiricists
USAGE EXAMPLES
That empirical side of his job is important to Karanka.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Empirical scientific research caught up with their observations.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Let's just keep to the facts and the empirical evidence.
New York Times(Aug 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 凭经验的; 经验主义的; 以观察或实验为依据的
分布：经验主义的(91%)，以观察或实验为根据的(9%)
→em-, 进入，使。-pir, 尝试，冒险，词源同pirate, expert.字面意思即尝试过的，有经验的。
靠经验办事的(empiric+al)[per=try,表示"尝试"]
a.凭经验(或观察)的,经验主义的They made experiments to test the empirical formula.他们通过实验来证明这一实验式.
【记】empiric（原指江湖医生：单凭经验而行医的医生）
【参】empire（n 帝国）；empiricism（n 经验主义；庸医的医术）
adjective
■based on what is experienced or seen rather than on theory 以经验（或实验）为依据的；经验主义的；来自经验（或观察）的
• This theory needs to be backed up with solid empirical data/evidence. 这个理论需要翔实的实验资料／实际经验来支援。
• Empirical studies show that some forms of alternative medicine are extremely effective. 临床研究显示某些替代疗法极其有效。

Word: diner
Front: diner
[ˈdaɪnə(r)] (5956/14076 -1)
Vocabulary: diner
(once / 2971 pages)
n
A diner is a person who's eating a meal, and it's also a word for a casual restaurant. If you pass by a diner in a diner, check out what's on his plate. It could be anything from eggs over easy to salisbury steak.
If you dine in a cafe you're a diner, and if you eat in the dining car on a train, you can call it a diner too. Your favorite neighborhood diner — a casual restaurant that keeps late hours and serves a variety of food — is actually named after these railroad restaurants. The original diners, from the 1930s, were shaped like train cars, often clad in stainless steel, and had long, narrow space inside with stools along a counter.
WORD FAMILY
diner: diners+/ dine: dined, diner, dines, dining, dinner, undine/dining: dinings/ dinner: dinners/undine: undines
USAGE EXAMPLES
A mile from that canyon, I sat in a diner and talked with Mendoza.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But another reader, Daniel Orkwis, more or less counseled diners not to be cavalier about sending back wine once it’s been sampled and approved.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
For diners, the strength in numbers means that when one restaurant is full, it’s not hard to amble to a nearby spot.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 用餐者; 路边小饭店; 车型餐馆
分布：车形餐馆(100%)
US [-nɚ] noun countable
■someone who is eating a meal, especially in a restaurant （尤指餐馆里的）进餐者，食客
mainly US
■a small restaurant at the side of the road 路边小餐馆

Word: forcibly
Front: forcibly
[ˈfɔ:səbli] (13307/9513)
Back: adv. 强迫地; 强制地; 强有力地; 有说服力地
分布：强行地(67%)，强烈地(33%)
ADJ
强制的;暴力的
Forcible action involves physical force or violence.
例：Reports are coming in of the forcible resettlement of villagers from the countryside into towns.不断有报道称村民被强制从农村迁入城镇定居。
adv. 用力地；强制地；有说服力地
 - by the strong hand, compulsively

Word: flamboyant
Front: flamboyant
[flæmˈbɔɪənt] (托宝 13626/14138 -1)
Vocabulary: flamboyant
(once / 3398 pages)
1adj 2n
Flamboyant means elaborate and ostentatious. When you think of flamboyant, think of Las Vegas showgirls: feathers, sequins, three-inch heels, enough make-up to disguise any irregularity.
Flamboyant means showy, and though we often roll our eyes at it, it's not a hateful thing. Liberace was flamboyant. So was Elvis. The word comes from the French flamboyer, to flame. Think of passion and pageantry all rolled into one, and you'll have a good idea what flamboyant should mean at its best. If that doesn't do it for you, think of a man playing a shiny white grand piano at a rock concert, wearing a white satin jump suit and 8-foot wide, fully-feathered wings. See? Flamboyant.
WORD FAMILY
flamboyant: flamboyance, flamboyantly, flamboyants
USAGE EXAMPLES
King, the flamboyant boxing promoter who hyped Mike Tyson’s 1980s fights, was also saluted by Trump as “a phenomenal person” despite a conviction for manslaughter.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And he often tried to encourage Mr. Kalinsky to be a bit flamboyant.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Travel typically evokes visions: postcard images of lush landscapes, magnificent monuments, museum masterpieces or flamboyant festivals.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 艳丽的; 火焰似的; 过分华丽的
n. 凤凰木; 火焰色红花
分布：艳丽的(49%)，炫耀的(26%)，火焰似的(17%)，凤凰木(8%)
→来自古法语flamboiier, 闪光，照耀，词源同flame. 拼写受boy影响俗化。
【记】flam＝flame（n 火焰）－火焰一般的－灿烂辉煌的flame一般的boy对着ant（n 蚂蚁）炫耀
【反】subdued（adj 屈服的；柔和的）；natural（adj 自然的）understated（adj 朴素的；有节制的）
adjective
■very confident in behaviour, or intended to be noticed, especially by being brightly coloured 炫耀的；卖弄的；艳丽的
• a flamboyant gesture 炫耀的姿态
• The writer's flamboyant lifestyle was well known. 这位作家的生活方式是出了名的夸张造作。
• His clothes were rather flamboyant for such a serious occasion. 他的衣着在如此严肃的场合显得太艳丽了。
adj. 艳丽的；火焰似的；炫耀的
 - ambitious, showy
n. 凤凰木
 - flame tree, poinciana

Word: latitude
Front: latitude
[ˈlætɪtju:d] (研六托雅宝 7992/10209 -1)
Vocabulary: latitude
(once / 382 pages)
1n 2n
Use the word latitude to describe how much freedom you have in making choices. For example, if a teacher gives you latitude in writing your paper, you might get to choose the topic and how many sources to include.
Latitude is related to the Latin word latitudo, meaning "breadth, width, extent, size." You might already know that latitude is used to indicate the distance an object is from the equator, measured from north to south. Latitude can also be used to mean "be given the space to act and decide for oneself," like the latitude parents might give responsible kids.
WORD FAMILY
latitude: latitudes, latitudinal, latitudinarian+/latitudinal: latitudinally/latitudinarian: latitudinarians
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Michigan contract particularly alarmed some experts because of what they perceived as its broad latitude.
New York Times(Sep 09, 2016)
To call 2016 an unusual year is to grant massive latitude to the term “understatement.”
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But even at temperate European latitudes, scientists were finding plants moving north, new insects arriving and previously unseen diseases.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 纬度; 范围; [天]黄纬
分布：纬度(83%)，自由(17%)
→来自拉丁语latus,宽的，来自stel,*ster,展开，词源同locus,structure,stratum,字母l,r音变。即展开的宽度，后用于地理纬度，比较longitude.
纬度,言行自由(lat宽,阔)[-itude表名词"性质,状态等"]
纬度;自由[lat=wide(宽)]
n.纬度,行动或言论的自由(范围),(pl.)地区Prolong the sponge along the longitude and latitude at an altitude.沿着经度和纬度在一高度延长海绵.
【记】lati宽度，tude－纬度，引申为自由很宽。
【反】strict limitation（严格的限制）；tightly restrained（严格的限制）；constraint（n 约束）
US ['lætˌ.ɪ.tu:d] noun
POSITION 位置
countable or uncountable
■the position north or south of the equator measured from 0° to 90° 纬度 Compare longitude
latitudes [plural]
■an area near to a particular latitude 纬度区域
• At these latitudes the sun does not rise at all on winter days. 处于这些纬度的地区冬天根本就见不到太阳。
UK ['læt.ɪ.tju:d] US ['lætˌ.ɪ.tu:d] noun
FREEDOM 自由
uncountable formal
■freedom to behave, act or think in the way you want to （言行或思维上的）自由
• Courts can show a considerable degree of latitude when it comes to applying the law. 法庭在依法量刑断案方面有较大的自由度。
n. [地理] 纬度；界限；活动范围
 - bourn, circumscription

Word: improvise
Front: improvise
[ˈɪmprəvaɪz] (托雅宝 8778/11922 -1)
Vocabulary: improvise
(once / 1124 pages)
v
To improvise means to make something up on the spot, or figure it out as you go. "Our boss decided to improvise his speech at our company meeting and when he started going off-topic, everyone could tell he hadn't prepared in advance."
Improvise comes from the Latin word improvisus, meaning "unforeseen, unexpected." Think about when something unexpected happens to you — you have no choice but to react in the moment, or improvise. Another meaning for improvise refers to acting onstage without a script. When actors improvise scenes for an audience, they create funny situations as they go, without having anything pre-planned. The Second City theater in Chicago made this type of comedy famous, with many well-known alumni like Tina Fey and Stephen Colbert.
WORD FAMILY
improvise: improvisation, improvised, improvises, improvising+/ improvisation: improvisations
USAGE EXAMPLES
And even George Washington, so renowned for his composure, quivered during his address to the Senate after nervously improvising in his first inauguration.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
We now live in a world of half-hearted Curb imitators, all labouring under the delusion that Curb was nothing but floridly improvised swearwords.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
In another scene, he offers some dead-on lines, a number of them improvised, at a dinner-table conversation about menstruation.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 即兴创作; 临时提供，临时凑成
时态：improvised, improvising, improvises
分布：即兴创作(61%)，即兴表演(23%)，临时准备(16%)
→im-,不，非，-provise,准备，词源同provide.即没准备，临时做的，即兴准备。
【记】im不，pro前，vise看－不提前看稿子－即席创作im不，provise＝provide（v 提供）－不提供稿子－即席创作
【反】rite（n 惯例；仪式）－improvised act（即兴表演）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to invent or make something, such as a speech or a device, at the time when it is needed without already having planned it 临时做；即兴做
• I hadn't prepared a speech so I suddenly had to improvise. 我没有准备演讲，所以突然之间我只好即兴讲几句。
• To sleep on, we improvised a mattress from a pile of blankets. 为了能有地方睡觉，我们临时用一堆毯子作床垫。
■When actors or musicians improvise, they perform without fixed speech or music, making it up as they perform it （演员）即兴表演；（音乐家）即兴创作
• During certain scenes of the play there isn't any script and the actors just improvise (the dialogue). 这出戏有几场没有剧本，演员就即兴表演（对白）。
vi. 即兴创作；即兴表演；临时凑合
 - extemporize

Word: impair
Front: impair
[ɪmˈpeə(r)] (研六托雅宝 7440/7785 -1)
Vocabulary: impair
(once / 757 pages)
v
If you make bad decisions in the morning after drinking coffee, you might conclude that caffeine tends to impair your judgment. When you impair something, you damage it or make it work poorly.
The root of the verb impair traces back to the Latin word pejorare, meaning “to make worse,” and that’s still what happens if you impair something. Whether it’s communication, visibility, or your marriage prospects, if you impair it, you make it worse. The word can be used for situations that describe something that has deteriorated, such as “Snow continued to impair driving conditions.”
WORD FAMILY
impair: impaired, impairer, impairing, impairment, impairs+/ impaired: unimpaired/impairer: impairers/ impairment: impairments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Police say Robert Stevens didn’t appear to be impaired by alcohol or drugs, and it wasn’t immediately clear what caused the car to accelerate.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Iowa Statewide Impaired Driver Plan offers a blueprint for lawmakers to act.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Officers arrested 13 suspected impaired drivers, including two in Warwick, four in Cranston, one in Foster, two in Burrillville and one in Bristol.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 损害，削弱
时态：impaired, impairing, impairs
分布：损害(69%)，削弱(31%)
→im-,进入，使，-pair,缩写自pejorative,更坏的，贬低的。即进一步贬低的，引申词义损伤，伤害。
v.损害,损伤;削弱,减少On the impaired dairy the chairman lay in a pair of repaired chairs for haircut.在遭到损害的牛奶场,主席躺在一对修理过的椅子上理发.
【记】im进入，pair使…变得更坏－损害
【参】impairment（n 损害；损伤）；repair（n /v 修理；修补）
US [-'per] verb transitive
■to spoil something or make it weaker so that it is less effective 损害；削弱
• A recurring knee injury may have impaired his chances of winning the tournament. 复发的膝伤可能降低了他在锦标赛中获胜的机会。
vt. 损害；削弱；减少
 - hurt, break, blast

Word: microsystem

Word: malpractice
Front: malpractice
[ˌmælˈpræktɪs] (六宝 9572/16303 -1)
Vocabulary: malpractice
(once / 8359 pages)
n
If you needed your tonsils removed but your surgeon accidentally took out your appendix instead, you could sue her for malpractice, or mistreatment by a doctor that results in harm to the patient.
There are many kinds of malpractice, but medical and legal — by a doctor or lawyer — are the most common. Any professional who injures a client or patient through negligence risks being accused of malpractice, and possibly taken to court. The prefix mal means "bad," from the Latin word malus, or "evil." Practice comes from the Modern Latin practicare, "to practice." If a doctor practices medicine badly enough that it hurts someone, that's malpractice.
WORD FAMILY
malpractice: malpractices
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It would be diplomatic malpractice not to try to pursue ... reducing the violence. And what’s the alternative? ... The place is being utterly destroyed,” he added.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Imposing limits on lawsuits that seek damages for product liability claims, injuries, medical malpractice and workplace discrimination is another priority.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Failing to do so would amount to corporate malpractice.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. <律>玩忽职守; [医]治疗不当，滥治; 弊端; 藏掖
分布：失职(80%)，行为不当(20%)
→mal-,坏的，不良的，practice,实践，操作。比喻用法。
不法行为(mal+practice做事,实践→做坏事)[mal-表示"坏,恶"(亦作male)]
noun uncountable specialized
■failure to act correctly or legally when doing your job, often causing injury or loss 营私舞弊；怠忽职守，渎职
• They are accused of medical/financial/electoral malpractice. 他们被控医疗疏忽／财务舞弊／选举舞弊。
n. 玩忽职守；不法行为； [临床] 治疗不当
 - dereliction, fall asleep at the switch

Word: arid
Front: arid
[ˈærɪd] (托宝 10724/11526 -1)
Vocabulary: arid
(once / 1424 pages)
1adj 2adj
Arid is so dry that nothing will grow. Death Valley in California features an arid climate, which is why it's called Death Valley and not Life Valley.
Arid can also mean terribly dull or lifeless. A textbook about the climate of Death Valley might be called arid if it's written in an uninteresting way. Just like you wouldn't want to live in an arid climate, you wouldn't want to sit through an arid performance of the film-turned-musical, "Some Like it Hot."
WORD FAMILY
arid: aridest, aridity, aridly, aridness, semiarid+/aridity: aridities
USAGE EXAMPLES
More than 100,000 cheetahs prowled Africa's arid grasslands little more than a century ago.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
They herd llamas and goats on arid land, knit Andean hats for extra money and chew coca leaves to fight off the altitude’s dizzying effects.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
The Lut Desert also offers a less uplifting lesson—at least for people living on the knife edge of sustainability in arid regions.
Science Magazine(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 干旱的，干燥的; 贫瘠的，荒芜的，不毛的; 枯燥无味的，无趣的
分布：干燥的(60%)，枯燥的(20%)，无趣的(8%)，不毛的(8%)，没有生气的(4%)
→来自词根ar, 同ard, 火，烧。
干旱的[ar=dry(干)]
【记】a一个，ri拼：日，d读：的。一个日的。什么都没有，只有一个太阳的地方－沙漠－干旱的，枯燥的
【反】damp（adj 潮湿的）
US ['er-] adjective
■very dry and without enough rain for plants 干燥的，干旱的
• The desert is so arid that nothing can grow there. 沙漠中极其干旱，寸草不生。
■formal
■unsuccessful 不成功的；无结果的
• After several arid years, the company has started to become successful. 经过了几个不景气的年头后，公司已经开始走向成功发展之路。
■formal
■not interesting and showing no imagination 枯燥的；无创见的，无新意的
• I found his writing extremely arid. 我觉得他写的东西毫无新意。
adj. [气候] 干旱的；不毛的， [农] 荒芜的
 - hungry, waste, desert

Word: rendering
Front: rendering
[ˈrendərɪŋ] (托宝 10799/14179)
Vocabulary: rendering
(once / 615 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n 5n
Anything that's been interpreted in an artistic form is a rendering — a song, a drawing, a theatrical performance.
On a more technical note, an architect's drawing or plan is known as a rendering. While we're still architect-related, the coat of stucco placed over the surface of a masonry wall can be a rendering as well. Rendering can also represent the giving of something, as in Gandhi's famous quote, that "We win justice quickest by rendering justice to the other party." Don't associate rendering with the verb rend — which means quite the opposite — "to break apart or destroy."
WORD FAMILY
rendering: renderings+/ render: rendered, rendering, renders, rendition / rendition: renditions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Usually, this involves a prototype, or at least a rendering.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Samsung was forced to hobble it before rendering it inoperative with a software update.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
A virus then infected the office’s computer system and quickly encrypted all the files, rendering them inaccessible.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 翻译; 表演; （墙壁的）初涂，打底; （建筑物等）透视图
vt. 致使; 表演; 打底(render的ing形式)
vi. 给予补偿(rendr的ing形式)
分布：翻译(62%)，抹灰底层(15%)，透视图(13%)，艺术表现(5%)，动词render的现在分词和动名词形式.(5%)
→来自 render,提供，表达，表演。
【记】源于：render（v 提供；致使；表演）
【参】rendition（n 表演；翻译）
US [-dɚ-] noun
PERFORMANCE 表演
countable (also rendition)
■the way that something is performed, written, drawn, etc 演奏；表演；表达；表现手法
• Her rendering of the song was delightful. 她用一种欢快的风格演唱了这首歌曲。
UK ['ren.dər.ɪŋ] US [-dɚ-] noun
TRANSLATION 翻译
countable
■a translation of a book or piece of writing into a different language or a different style 翻译；把…译成
• a new rendering of the Bible into modern English 《圣经》的现代英语新译本
UK ['ren.dər.ɪŋ] US [-dɚ-] noun
BUILDING 建筑
uncountable specialized
■a layer of plaster or cement on a wall 粉刷；给（墙壁）抹灰（或水泥）
• The rendering on two sides of the house needed to be removed. 这座房子两边墙上的灰泥必须得去掉。
UK ['ren.dər.ɪŋ] US [-dɚ-] noun
DEAD ANIMALS 动物尸体
uncountable
■when the bodies of dead animals are prepared or treated in order to take out the fat and other substances that can be used in other products 将动物尸体开膛取出脂肪
• the rendering of beef products 牛肉制品加工
• a rendering plant 油脂熔炼厂
n. 翻译；表现；表演；描写；打底；（建筑物等）透视图
 - translation, interpretation, description, performance, representation

Word: slav

Word: blush
Front: blush
[blʌʃ] (研六托雅宝 9003/8221 -1)
Vocabulary: blush
(once / 207 pages)
vn
When you blush, you turn red because you are embarrassed. And, oddly enough, women wear the make-up variety of blush to add color to their cheeks — not to appear embarrassed but to appear attractive.
Women use a type of makeup called blush to add redness to their cheeks. That can help you remember the other meanings of this word, which all relate to redness or rosiness. When you have a blush — or are blushing — your face gets red. People blush when they’re embarrassed. Having a crush can cause blushing; so can getting caught stealing something. Blushing is caused by blood rushing to the head: thus, the color red.
WORD FAMILY
blush: blushed, blusher, blushes, blushful, blushing+/blusher: blushers/blushful: blushfully/blushing: blushingly, unblushing/unblushing: unblushingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In an interview with the Guardian last year, Fisher confessed that her next meeting with Ford would cost her a blush or two.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Of course, I blushed and said I would.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Chicago designer Tom Stringer agreed, noting that while “blush was promoted as a color trend earlier in the year, it already looks tired and drab.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 脸红，惭愧; 变红; 害臊，怕羞
n. 脸红，红色; <古>一见，一瞥
时态：blushed, blushing, blushes
分布：脸红(69%)，羞愧(27%)，泛红(4%)
→来自PIE *bhel, 发光，闪耀。指脸发红。词源同blaze, 明亮。
v./n.脸红She blushed at the mention of her lover.她听人提到她情人,脸就红了.
【记】太恶心！自己想！
【区】lush（adj 青翠繁茂的）更恶心！
verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to become pink in the face, usually from embarrassment （通常因尴尬而）脸红
• I always blush when I speak in public. 当众讲话时我总是脸红。
• I blush to think of what a fool I made of myself. 一想到我出了那么大洋相我就脸红。
flush, blush
这组词都有“脸红”的意思，其区别是：
flush: 强调因愤怒、高兴、羞愧、发烧或酗酒等引起的脸红。
blush: 侧重因羞愧或尴尬而突然脸红。
vi. 脸红；感到惭愧
 - feel cheap
n. 脸红；红色；羞愧
 - red, shame

Word: forgiveness
Front: forgiveness
[fəˈgɪvnəs] (6980/9941)
Vocabulary: forgiveness
(once / 576 pages)
n
Compassionate feelings for someone that make it easier to forgive that person for some offense can be called forgiveness. Feelings of forgiveness make it easier to feel empathy toward people who have harmed you.
If you give someone a break and forgive some misdeed or mistake, you are practicing the act of forgiveness. If your sister borrows your favorite white sweater without asking, it's easy to offer her forgiveness. If your sister borrows your favorite white sweater without asking and spills a glass of chocolate milk on it, forgiveness may be a little harder to grant.
WORD FAMILY
forgiveness: forgivenesses+/ forgivable: forgivably, unforgivable/ forgive: forgave, forgivable, forgiven, forgiver, forgives, forgiving/forgiven: forgiveness /forgiver: forgivers/forgiving: forgivingest, forgivingly, forgivingness, unforgiving/unforgivable: unforgivablest, unforgivably/unforgiving: unforgivingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Five relatives offered Mr. Roof a measure of forgiveness at a remarkable bond hearing two days after the shootings.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Conservative think tanks also suspect that the incoming administration will roll back consumer protections, such as broader debt forgiveness, for people who attended for-profit schools.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The archbishop said the city's wartime suffering and forgiveness served as an example to the nation.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 宽恕; 原谅
分布：宽恕(97%)，宽仁之心(2%)，动词forgive的名词形式.(1%)
US [fɚ-] noun uncountable
■the act of forgiving or the willingness to forgive 原谅；宽恕
• to ask for/beg forgiveness 请求／乞求宽恕
n. 宽恕；宽仁之心
 - condonation, remission

Word: grumpy
Front: grumpy
[ˈgrʌmpi] (托宝 17444/20346 -1)
Vocabulary: grumpy
(once / 5310 pages)
adj
When your friend suggests a restaurant but you’re in a bad mood so you say “That’s a stupid restaurant” — even though you don’t really mind it — then you’re being grumpy, meaning irritable or grouchy.
There are all kinds of reasons for feeling grumpy: maybe you’re tired or annoyed or you have a headache. Whatever the cause, when you’re grumpy you just want to sulk in a corner. Even though it’s a negative word, it’s a pretty gentle one. When you're grumpy, you’re not mad or mean — you’re just unpleasant for the moment. But don’t tell someone who’s grumpy that he's being grumpy . . . He likely won’t respond kindly to that.
WORD FAMILY
grumpy: grumpier, grumpiest, grumpily, grumpiness+/grump: grumps, grumpy /grumpiness: grumpinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was a grumpy, skeptical woman, and the reason I wanted to be a forensic pathologist for most of my early adolescence.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
"Playing dress-up for the photo was silly" tweeted one particularly grumpy journalist.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
For one thing, he follows every grumpy pronouncement with a light little laugh, as if in on his own joke.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 脾气坏的; 性情粗暴的; 脾气暴躁的; 性情乖戾的
级别：grumpier, grumpiest
分布：脾气暴躁的(81%)，性情乖戾的(19%)
→来自grump, 坏脾气。
【记】grump（n 脾气坏的人；喜欢抱怨的人）读：grow，p：别的地方不长肉就是P上长－脾气暴躁的读：公安癖：有当警察的癖好，因为脾气暴躁，无处发泄！
['grʌm.pi] informal
adjective
■easily annoyed and complaining 脾气坏的；易生气的；爱抱怨的
• I hadn't had enough sleep and was feeling a bit grumpy. 我睡眠不足，所以感到有点烦躁。
• a grumpy old man 脾气不好的老人
adj. 脾气暴躁的；性情乖戾的
 - ill-tempered, churlish
n. 脾气坏的人；爱抱怨的人
 - crosspatch, curmudgeon

Word: frog
Vocabulary: frog
(once / 502 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A frog is a small amphibian with long back legs that allow it to hop. Most frogs have fat little bodies and bulging eyes on top of their heads.
You'll often find frogs near fresh water lakes and ponds, since they lay their eggs in the water. Perhaps the most famous literary frog is the one from the German fairy tale "The Frog Prince," in which a princess's kiss transforms a frog back into the prince he once was. Frog is also a very rude informal term for a person from France.
WORD FAMILY
frog: frogged, frogging, frogs
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Horned Frogs were within four points after Alex Robinson stole a pass by Mason and beat him to the end for a layup.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The Bulldogs sent the Horned Frogs to only their third losing season in Gary Patterson’s 16 full seasons as their coach.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Missed opportunities proved costly for the Horned Frogs, who led 16-7 in the first half and carried a 23-21 advantage into the fourth quarter.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)

Word: impartial
Front: impartial
[ɪmˈpɑ:ʃl] (研六托宝 12318/11147 -1)
Vocabulary: impartial
(once / 672 pages)
adj
If you're in a contest you'd better hope the judges are impartial, that is, that they aren't biased toward one competitor over another.
When someone's partial to something they take its part. Impartial means no part has yet been taken. In most high school elections, teachers strive to create an impartial atmosphere, to keep it from appearing to be a popularity contest.
WORD FAMILY
impartial: impartiality, impartially
USAGE EXAMPLES
His attorney filed court papers saying that an elected official’s actions should be decided by an impartial jury of his peers, not a judge.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Weezy himself, no doubt impartial, calls it better than “everything” he’s ever heard.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
She said the investigations will be impartial and thorough.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 不偏不倚的; 公平的，公正的; 无私的; 持平
分布：公正的(83%)，不偏不倚的(17%)
→im-,不，非，partial,部分的，偏袒的。
公平的(im+partial有偏见的)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
公正的(im无+partial有偏见的→无偏见的)[part,port=part,divide,表示"部分,分开"]
公正的(in不+part部分;偏见+ial)[-ial表形容词"有…的"]
【记】partial（adj 部分的；局部的；偏袒的）
US [-'pɑ:r-] adjective
■not supporting any of the sides involved in an argument 公正的，无偏见的
• impartial advice 客观公正的建议
• A trial must be fair and impartial. 审判必须客观公正
just, impartial, objective, neutral, fair
这组词都有“公正的，公平的，不偏不倚的”的意思，其区别是：
just: 多用于庄重场合，指不受个人利益得失或感情倾向的影响，侧重按照公认的准则或标准处理问题。
impartial: 侧重对任何人或任何一方没有成见或偏袒。
objective: 着重客观、真实，不为个人偏见、兴趣、感情或看法所左右。
neutral: 强调持中立态度，不偏袒任何一方，甚至不作最后的裁决。
fair: 普通常用词，指不偏不倚地对待人和物，侧重不受个人感情、偏见或利益所影响。
adj. 公平的，公正的；不偏不倚的
 - judicial, fair, just, equitable

Word: merry
Front: merry
[ˈmeri] (高研四六 7420/7649 -2)
Vocabulary: merry
(once / 143 pages)
adj
To be merry is to be happy, especially in a fun, festive way. Parties and celebrations are merry, and so are the fun people who attend them. This old fashioned word for “happy” is popular in December when people say, “Merry Christmas.”
To be merry is to be happy, jaunty, and ready to frolic. A group of people laughing as they walk down the street is a merry gang. Anything merry is festive, often involving games, celebrations, and parties. A merry-go-round makes kids happy as it spins them around. Smiling and laughing are signs of being merry. If you go along your merry way, you walk away happily, maybe even skipping.
WORD FAMILY
merry: merrier, merriest, merrily, merriness, merryly
USAGE EXAMPLES
I'd like to wish all of my friends–and even my many enemies–a very Merry Christmas and Happy New Year.
Time(Dec 31, 2016)
Regarding the Dec. 24 Metro article “Some stores steering clear of saying ‘Merry Christmas’ ”:
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
"Merry Christmas from the most forward TAA at the tip of the spear," James said, using a military acronym for the compound.
Reuters(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 愉快的，快活的; 有趣的; [口]微醉的; 生动的
n. 甜樱桃; 梅里（姓氏）
级别：merrier, merriest
分布：愉快的(53%)，欢乐的(47%)
→来自古英语myrge,愉快的，高兴的，来自Proto-Germanic*murgijaz,短暂的，来自mreghu,短暂的，词源同brief,abbreviate.字母b,m音变。词义由短暂的引申为欢乐的可能是来自心理作用，即欢乐总是短暂的。
a.欢乐的,愉快的I wish you a merry Christmas!祝您圣诞节快乐!
adjective
HAPPY 快乐的 old-fashioned
■happy or showing enjoyment 愉快的，快乐的，兴高采烈的
• the merry sound of laughter 欢笑声
• She's a merry little soul. 她是个快乐的小家伙。
['mer.i] adjective
DRUNK 喝醉的 polite word for
■slightly drunk 微醉的
• You got a bit merry last night, didn't you Cath? 你昨晚有点醉了，是吧，卡瑟？
['mer.i] adjective
Merry Christmas!
■said at Christmas to wish people a pleasant Christmas period 圣诞快乐！
• Hello, Phoebe. Merry Christmas! 你好，菲比。圣诞快乐！
• The shop assistant wished me a Merry Christmas. 售货员祝我圣诞快乐。
joyful, glad, delightful, merry, gay, happy, agreeable, jolly, nice, pleasant, cheerful
这组词都有“愉快的，高兴的”的意思，其区别是：
joyful: 语气较强，强调心情或感情上的欣喜。
glad: 最普通用词，语气较弱，表示礼貌的惯用语。指乐于做某事或因某事而感到满足，常表愉快的心情。
delightful: 指能带来强烈的快乐，激起愉快的情感，用于非常愉快的场合。
merry: 指精神情绪的暂时高涨，表示欢乐、愉快的心境或情景，侧重充满欢笑声和乐趣。
gay: 侧重无忧无虑、精神昂扬、充满生命的快乐。
happy: 侧重感到满足、幸福或高兴。
agreeable: 指与感受者的愿望、情趣或受好等和谐一致而带来的心情上的快意。
jolly: 通俗用词，多指充满快乐与喜悦的神情。
nice: 语气较温和，泛指任何愉快或满意的感觉。
pleasant: 侧重给人以“赏心悦目”或“愉快的，宜人的”感受。
cheerful: 多指因内心的愉快而表现出兴高采烈，是强调而自然的感情流露。
adj. 愉快的；微醉的；嬉戏作乐的
 - good, bright, fragrant, cheerful
n. 甜樱桃
 - sweet cherry

Word: junction
Front: junction
[ˈdʒʌŋkʃn] (研六托雅宝 13186/3125 -2)
Vocabulary: junction
(once / 718 pages)
n
The noun junction refers to a meeting or a joining of some kind. If you live at the junction of Main and State streets, then your house is where those two streets meet.
Junction often refers to the point where streets or railway lines come together, but it can describe other things that are joined, especially things that are in motion or transmit other things. For example, your body has nerve junctions — the places where your nerves come together. You may go swimming at the junction of two rivers. Junction can also refer to something that connects things, like a junction you use to connect electrical cords.
WORD FAMILY
junction: junctions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The slip roads east and west bound at junction 24 of the M62 remain closed.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
A stretch of the motorway between Junction 21, near Weston-super-Mare, and J18A, near Bristol, was shut after freezing temperatures were recorded overnight.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
It will use the money for a new electrical duct bank, cabling, and above-ground, high-voltage cable junction boxes to maximize energy efficiency.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 连接，接合; 会合点，接合点; （公路或铁路的）交叉路口; （电缆等的）主结点
分布：连接(80%)，交叉点(14%)，会合处(6%)
→来自拉丁语iungere,连接，词源同join,jugular,-ct,过去分词后缀。引申词义交叉路口。
接合,交汇点(junct+ion)[junct,join=join,表示"结合,连接"]
n.连接,接合,交叉点,枢纽站,接头,中继线There is a post office at the junction of the two streets.在那两条街道的交叉点有一所邮局.
['dʒʌŋk.ʃən/ (US usually intersection)
noun countable
■a place where things, especially roads or railways, come together 联结点；枢纽；（公路的）交叉口；（铁路）换车的车站：联络车站
• You should slow down as you approach the junction. 接近交叉口时你应该减速。
• UK There's a service station at the next motorway junction (= point from which you can leave the motorway). 高速公路的下一个出口处有一个服务站。
n. 连接，接合； [公路] 交叉点；接合点
 - connection, join, linking

Word: intolerant
Front: intolerant
[ɪnˈtɒlərənt] (15308/18989 -1)
Vocabulary: intolerant
(once / 1500 pages)
adj
When you're intolerant, you can't or won't put up with something. Usually, that means you're not very open-minded.
Being intolerant can mean you have a medical condition, like lactose intolerant people who can't eat dairy products. But more often being intolerant means you're unwilling to tolerate other ideas, opinions, beliefs or cultures. Homophobic people are intolerant of gay people. Sexist people are intolerant of women. Racist people are intolerant of people from other races. So it's safe to say intolerant people aren't the friendliest folks.
WORD FAMILY
intolerant: intolerance, intolerantly+/ intolerance: intolerances/ tolerant: intolerant, toleranter, tolerantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Disentangling legitimate grievances from the intolerant aspects of populist protest is no easy matter.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
But, for a majority of her life, Huebner was intolerant of pain.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Lahren credited the boycott to “the unloving and intolerant left.”
Salon(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 不能容忍的，不容异议的，心胸狭窄的
n. 不能容忍，不容异议，心胸狭窄
adv. 不能容忍地，不容异议地，心胸狭窄地
分布：不能容忍的(60%)，偏执的(40%)
→in-,不，非，tolerant,可容忍的。
心地狭窄的(in不+tolerant心胸宽大的)[toler=endure,表示"容忍"]
【记】tolerate（vt 忍受；容忍）
US [-'tɑ:.lɚ-] disapproving
adjective
■disapproving of or refusing to accept ideas or ways of behaving that are different from your own 不容异说的；不包容的；心胸狭隘的
• She can be very intolerant of students who don't understand what she's talking about. 她对听不懂她讲课的学生可以很不宽容。
adj. 无法忍受的；偏狭的
 - provincial, unendurable

Word: pap
Front: pap
[pæp] (22995/26123)
Back: n. 奶头，半流质食物，<美>政治上的偏护; 软食
分布：半流质食物(34%)，软食(30%)，奶头(15%)，无实质内容的东西(7%)，政治上的恩惠(7%)，乳头(7%)
→来自拉丁语pappa,流食，吸奶，拟声词，模仿婴儿饥饿时吧唧嘴或吸奶的声音，并引申相关词义。
[pæp] informal disapproving
noun uncountable
FOOD 食物
■food which is soft and has little taste 软食，流质食物
[pæp] informal disapproving
noun uncountable
ENTERTAINMENT 娱乐
■television, cinema or literature which is entertaining, but has no artistic or educational value （无艺术或教育价值的）娱乐节目或影片，消遣性读物
n. 半流质食物；奶头；软食
 - teat, nipple

Word: plumber
Front: plumber
[ˈplʌmə(r)] (研托宝 11990/11659 -1)
Vocabulary: plumber
(once / 3605 pages)
n
A plumber is someone whose job includes fixing pipes and installing water and sewage systems. If your kitchen sink is clogged, a plumber is the person to call.
Plumbers's work ranges from relatively simple tasks like repairing toilets and removing clogs from drains, to much more complicated jobs including replacing all the old corroded pipes in a bathroom floor with new ones. The word plumber has been around since ancient Rome, when a plumber was "anyone who works with lead," and lead was a common material for pipes, baths, drains, and conduits. Fixing anything made of lead (which included roofs) made someone a plumber back then.
WORD FAMILY
plumber: plumbers, plumbery
USAGE EXAMPLES
Originally a plumber, Mr. Williams left that work to become a club owner shortly after he married Beryl Chang in 1955.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Especially, they say, because one of the store’s three part-time helpers is a retired licensed plumber who was bored sitting at home.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Yet investors sent shares of Nintendo, the creator of the Italian plumber, down the drain Friday, falling more than 4%.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 管子工，水暖工; <美><口>（防止泄密的）堵漏人员
分布：管道工(100%)
→来自plumb,铅，-er,人。即与铅打交道的人，因过去自来水管多为铅管，因此引申词义管道 工。
管道工(plumb+er人,不少管道用铅做成)[plumb=lead,表示"铅"]
n.(装修水管的)管子工His brother is a plumber.他的哥哥是个水管工人.
US [-ɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a person whose job is to supply and connect, or repair water pipes, baths, toilets, etc 水管工人；水电工
• When is the plumber coming to mend the burst pipe? 水电工甚么时候来修理破裂的水管？

Word: presage
Front: presage
[ˈpresɪdʒ] (托宝 20147/19094)
Vocabulary: presage
(once / 2873 pages)
nv
A presage is a sign that something bad is about to happen, like when you get that queasy feeling in your stomach because your mom found out you skipped band practice to go to the movies.
Presage, pronounced "PREH-sige," can be a noun or a verb. As a noun, presage is a warning or omen of bad things to come, like a strange quiet and stillness in the air, presage to the coming tornado. As a verb, presage means "making a prediction or giving a warning of what's to come," like a terrible end-of-season football game's outcome game that presaged the struggles the team faced the next season.
WORD FAMILY
presage: presaged, presages, presaging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Market-rate lofts on the southern edge of the precinct presage a wave of gentrification.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Even entry into the war was presaged on a lie.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
The nomination of Pruitt, however, presages a lengthy battle between the Trump administration and green groups.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: vt. 预示，预兆
n. 预示，预兆，预感
时态：presaged, presaging, presages
分布：预示(51%)，预感(18%)，预兆(15%)，预言(8%)，预知(8%)
→pre-,在前，早于，预先，-sag,感知，寻求，词源同seek,sagacious.
预感,预兆(pre预兆+sage→预先知道→预感)[sog=know,表示"知道"]
【记】pre前，sage（n 智者，智慧）－有提前预知的智慧－预感
/prɪ'seɪdʒ] formal
verb transitive
■to show or suggest that something, often something unpleasant, will happen 预示，预兆（尤指不祥之事）
• But still the economy is not showing signs of any of the excesses that normally presage a recession. 但经济仍未显露出任何过剩的迹象，这些迹象通常预示着经济衰退。
n. 预感；前兆
 - anticipation, symption
vt. 预感；预言
 - predict, prognosticate
vi. 预示；预言
 - soothsay, divine

Word: quirky
Front: quirky
['kwɜ:kɪ] (10948/19123 -1)
Vocabulary: quirky
(once / 6789 pages)
adj
Your friend with the pink hair, the excellent vocabulary, and the totally inappropriate wit? You could probably call her quirky, meaning she’s unconventional and has a strange mix of traits that somehow end up being kind of interesting or charming.
This informal all-purpose term can be used to describe anything that doesn’t quite fit in. The adjective quirky is often used to describe those unconventional things that are characterized by peculiar behavior or an unexpected point of view. Quirky is often used to describe people, but it can also refer to things that seem to possess an unexpected and unconventional element, like a quirky strategy or a quirky idea.
WORD FAMILY
quirky: quirkily, quirkiness+/ quirk: quirked, quirking, quirks, quirky
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some critics find Mills’s work quirky or precious; some find it inert.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Sounds simple, but that’s all part of its quirky genius.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Quirky and charming, this New Zealand story is part buddy comedy, part coming-of-age drama, part family adventure and all heart.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 诡诈的，离奇的
级别：quirkier, quirkiest
分布：古怪的(61%)，离奇的(25%)，狡诈的(14%)
US ['kwɝ:-] adjective
■unusual in an attractive and interesting way 古怪的，独特的
• He was tall and had a quirky, off-beat sense of humour. 他个子高高的，有一种独特的、另类的幽默感。
adj. 古怪的；离奇的；诡诈的
 - extraordinary, odd, curious

Word: tortuous
Front: tortuous
[ˈtɔ:tʃuəs] (托宝 20769/18416 -1)
Vocabulary: tortuous
(once / 2745 pages)
adj
Tortuous means twisting or complicated. "James Bond drove his custom BMW 120 mph on the road that was tortuous in its twists and turns. He had to stop the evil madman's plan for world domination that was so tortuous even 007 could not understand it."
From Latin torquere "to twist," tortuous means something with twists and turns –– a path, an argument, a story. It is important not to confuse it with torturous, which means characterized by great pain. "The contemporary string quartet was tortuous in its tonal shifts, but only torturous at the point where the violinist ran her nails up and down a chalkboard."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
tortuous / torturous
Don't torture yourself trying to remember the difference between tortuous and torturous. Tortuous describes something like the long and winding road. But torturous is what a room full of masochists might say: "Torture us!" It describes something painful, like a poke in the eye with a sharp stick.
Tortuous, pronounced "TOR-choo-us," describes something that has many twists and turns, like a zigzagging road or the plot of a soap opera. Here are some examples from the news,
Path to peace in Middle East still tortuous as ever. (Morning Star)
Let us walk with you down the tortuous road of this first year in college. (North by Northwestern)
Fortunately, not all technology is on the side of the companies that hide behind tortuous voicemail systems. (CNN Money)
Add another "r" for torturous, pronounced "TOR-cher-us," used to identify something that somehow involves extreme pain or suffering (torture):
Chance and Guererro stage a daring rescue of Winston from the hands of his torturous kidnappers. (TV Guide)
For the next two torturous hours, the Scarborough man was bound, beaten, robbed and left to wonder whether his wife, children and tenants were dead or alive. (canoe.ca)
He had survived homelessness, hunger and depression in a torturous journey from the Guatemalan highlands. (Washington Post)
Tortuous is descriptive, not judgmental – driving on a road that's so long and crooked it makes you dizzy is tortuous, but you might like it. Torturous is definitely judgmental. If your friend in the passenger seat is white knuckled and scared, she'd say the ride was torturous.
WORD FAMILY
tortuous: tortuosity, tortuously, tortuousness+/tortuosity: tortuosities
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 1991, The New York Times reported on the tortuous path of August Wilson’s Pulitzer Prize-winning play “Fences” to the screen.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
As fighting resumed, tortuous negotiations between Damascus, Iran, Turkey, Russia and the opposition continued well into early Thursday morning, before another truce was established.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
“It can be tortuous for those with PTSD.”
Washington Times(Nov 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 扭曲的，弯曲的; 曲折的; 不正派的，不正当的; 转弯抹角的
分布：曲折的(89%)，弯曲的(9%)，转弯抹角的(2%)
→来自拉丁语 tortus,扭曲的，扭成一团的，词源同 turn,torque.-ous,形容词后缀。引申词义拐弯 抹角的。
曲折的(tort+uous→弯曲的)[tort=twist表示"扭曲"]
弯弯曲曲(tort弯曲)[-uous表形容词"多…的"]
【记】tort转，uous－弯曲的
【反】straightforward（adj 正直的；坦率的）；direct（adj 径直的）
US ['tɔ:r-] adjective
■with many turns and changes of direction; not direct or simple 弯弯曲曲的；曲折的；转弯抹角的
• He took a tortuous route through back streets. 他走的是偏僻、曲折的街道。
• The path to peace seems at last to be clear, although it may be a long and tortuous one. 通向和平的路径好像终于清晰起来，虽然它可能是一条漫长而曲折的道路。
adj. 扭曲的，弯曲的；啰嗦的
 - curve, twisted

Word: shamble
Front: shamble
[ˈʃæmbl] (雅 27534/23376 -1)
Vocabulary: shamble
(once / 2368 pages)
vn
When you shamble down the street, you move slowly and shuffle your feet. People who shamble along are usually tired, elderly, or sad.
An exhausted hiker might shamble along the final mile of trail after weeks of walking, and your grandfather might be the speediest one in his nursing home, passing up the residents who shamble along with their walkers. A kindergarten teacher might call to her class, "Don't shamble! Pick up your feet and let's go to the library!" Shamble probably comes from the outdated adjective that means "ungainly or awkward."
WORD FAMILY
shamble: shambled, shambles, shambling+/shambling: shamblings
USAGE EXAMPLES
When no new bolivar notes appeared to replace the old ones, riots and looting erupted in towns across Venezuela, whose economy was already in shambles.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The Georgetown Republican’s bill also would create a trusteeship to oversee ailing hospitals left in shambles by exploitative owners.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
And the Packers’ defense appears to be in shambles.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vi. 蹒跚而行，拖着脚走，踉跄地走
时态：shambled, shambling, shambles
分布：蹒跚(38%)，摇摇晃晃地走(17%)，蹒跚地走(15%)，摇晃不稳(15%)，摇晃的脚步(15%)
→来自 shamble,凳子，桌子，肉摊，来自古英语 scamol,脚凳，来自拉丁语 scamnum,凳子，来 自 skabh,支撑，可能来自 skap,切，削，词源同 shaft,杆，轴。用于指一种四条腿向 外张开的长凳，古代用于卖肉。引申比喻义外翻着腿走路，拖着脚走，蹒跚，即像这种凳子 一样。
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to walk slowly and awkwardly, without lifting your feet correctly 蹒跚而行，拖着脚步走
• Sick patients shambled along the hospital corridors. 重病患者沿着医院的走廊蹒跚而行。
• He was a strange, shambling figure. 他这人很奇怪，走路还拖着脚。
vi. 蹒跚地走；摇晃不稳；摇摇晃晃地走
 - mouch
n. 蹒跚；摇晃的脚步
 - titubation, hitchiness

Word: annexation
Front: annexation
[ˌænek'seɪʃn] (宝 15200/22624)
Vocabulary: annexation
(once / 2078 pages)
n
If you're a big powerful country and you want to take over a smaller country, or a piece of it, you can simply occupy it with your army, a process known as annexation.
One of history's most famous examples of annexation was the German occupation of parts of Czechoslovakia in 1938, which became one of the causes of World War II. Although the most common use of annexation is in the sense of a political or military takeover of territory, it can also refer to less major acts of acquisition. If you manage to steal your colleague's much-coveted corner office at work, that too is an annexation.
WORD FAMILY
annexation: annexational, annexations+/ annex: annexation, annexed, annexes, annexing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The next option is the rosy, rightwing panacea for all things of late: annexation of the West Bank, what the right calls Judea and Samaria.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The West slapped sanctions on Moscow for its 2014 annexation of Crimea from Ukraine and its support of pro-Russian separatists in southeastern Ukraine.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Sanctions against Russia are already in place over its annexation of Crimea.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 并吞，附加，附加物
分布：并吞(35%)，附加(26%)，附加物(26%)，并吞物(13%)
【记】an一个，nex＝next下一个－一个接着一个的吞并。吞并是侵略者所为，侵略者的本质就决定了它们的扩张政策，它们从没有满足过，比如小日本一个接一个的吞并我国的大部分城市。
VERB
并吞，占领（国家或地域）
If a country annexes another country or an area of land, it seizes it and takes control of it.
例：Rome annexed the Nabatean kingdom in 106 AD...公元106年罗马吞并了纳巴泰王国。
例：Hitler was determined to annex Austria to Germany.希特勒决定将奥地利并入德国。
n. 合并；附加物
 - marriage, merger, consolidation, coalition

Word: boffin
Front: boffin
[ˈbɒfɪn] (-/22459)
Back: n. <英俚>研究员，科学工作者，技术专家
→来自Mr Boffin, 英国小说人物，航天研发科学家。
US ['bɑ:.fɪn] mainly UK informal
noun countable
■a scientist who is considered to know a lot about science and not to be interested in other things （只对科学感兴趣的）极为专注的科
• a technical/computer boffin 极为专注的技术／电脑专家
n. 研究员；科学工作者
 - researcher

Word: athletic
Front: athletic
[æθˈletɪk] (高六 2981/8781 -2)
Vocabulary: athletic
(once / 499 pages)
adj
If you're athletic, you have a natural talent for sports and fitness. You might jump nonstop through a strenuous aerobics class, then go run a few miles, and top it off shooting hoops with the basketball team.
If you're a champion speed skater, you've most definitely got an athletic build, and while skinny jeans may not look so great on you, you probably look pretty good in running shorts. You know the ancient Greeks loved athletic competitions — after all, they invented the Olympics. Fittingly enough, the word athletic goes back to the Greek word athlein, meaning "to compete for a prize."
WORD FAMILY
athletic: athletically, athleticism, athletics +/ athlete: athletes, athletic
USAGE EXAMPLES
Will we simply accept the scaling back of programs, both academic and athletic, at our magnificent University of Alaska?
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
These days, the 17-year-old athletic department is just crawling - and sometimes swimming - with them.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In the athletic competition, Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt becomes the first athlete ever to win the men’s 100-meter final wearing flip-flops.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 运动员的; 运动的; 体格健壮的; 行动敏捷的
分布：运动的(71%)，健壮的(17%)，活跃的(12%)
US [-'letˌ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■strong, healthy and good at sports 强壮的；擅长运动的
• She looks very athletic. 她看上去很健壮。
 ADVANCED [before noun]
■relating to athletes or the sport of athletics 运动员的；田径运动的
• This college has a long tradition of athletic excellence. 这间大学在田径运动方面历来成绩骄人。
adj. 运动的，运动员的；体格健壮的
 - sport, kinetic

Word: presenter
Front: presenter
[prɪˈzentə(r)] (宝 15106/7972)
Back: n. 节目主持人，演播员; 推荐者; 提出者; 赠送者
分布：主持人(94%)，提出者(4%)，呈献者(2%)
→来自present,介绍，展示。
US [-tˌɚ] UK
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■someone who introduces a television or radio show （电视或广播）节目主持人
• a news/sports presenter 新闻／体育节目主持人
• children's television presenters 儿童电视节目主持人
n. 提出者；推荐者；赠送者；任命者
 - appointer, nominator

Word: refund
Front: refund
[ˈri:fʌnd] (研托雅 10901/12042 -2)
Vocabulary: refund
(once / 1377 pages)
vn
To refund is to give money back, especially when someone isn't satisfied with an item they bought or the service they got. If you complain that your restaurant food is undercooked, the manager may refund your money.
When you don't actually get what you paid for, you deserve a refund, or a repayment of the money you spent. Most businesses will refund money to unhappy customers, and when you return something — like a pair of pants that doesn't fit — you'll also get a refund. The verb came before the noun, and it originally meant "to pour back," from the Latin root fundere, "to pour."
WORD FAMILY
refund: refunded, refunding, refunds+/ fund: funded, funding, funds, refund /funded: unfunded/ funding: fundings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Q: I can’t get a refund from Amtrak for its totally inappropriate “handicapped” room on the Empire Builder from Chicago to Glacier National Park.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He received a ticket, followed by debt collection notices, but after more than a year in dispute received £350 in refunds and compensation.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
So be ready to ask for your “automatic” refund and check a box for a true refund to your credit or debit card.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 资金偿还; 偿还数额
vt. 退还; 归还或偿还
vi. 进行偿还
时态：refunded, refunding, refunds
分布：退款(58%)，退还(33%)，偿还(9%)
→re-,向后，往回，-fund,流入，词源同 foundry,fusion.即流回，引申词义退款，返还。
n.归还,偿还额,退款v.退还,偿还,偿付He refunded the money to me.他把钱还给我.
noun countable /ˈriː.fʌnd/
■an amount of money that is given back to you, especially because you are not happy with a product or service that you have bought （尤指因为对购买的产品或服务不满意而追回的）退款，返还款，偿还金额
• I took the radio back to the shop and asked for/demanded/got/was given a refund. 我把收音机拿回商店，让他们退款／坚决要求店方退款／得到了退款／他们给我办理了退款。
verb transitive /ˌrɪˈfʌnd/
■to give someone a refund 退还；退（款）；偿付
• When I went on business to Peru, the office refunded my expenses. 我到秘鲁出差，费用由事务所报销。
• [+ two objects] The holiday was cancelled so the travel agency had to refund everybody the price of the tickets. 渡假取消了，所以旅行社不得不把票款退还给所有人。
vi. 退还； [金融] 偿还，归还
 - return, hand back
vt. 退还； [金融] 偿还；付还
 - replace, tender
n. 退款； [金融] 偿还， [会计] 偿还额
 - payment, repayment

Word: puncture
Front: puncture
[ˈpʌŋktʃə(r)] (托雅宝 14757/13811 -1)
Vocabulary: puncture
(once / 2567 pages)
vn
When you puncture something, you make a hole in it. Stick a pin in a balloon and you'll not only make kids cry, you'll also puncture the balloon.
Use the verb puncture to describe poking a sharp object into something. You can call the hole you've made a puncture as well: get a big enough puncture in your car tire and you'll need to call for help. In Latin, punctus means "to prick or pierce." The hardest thing about puncture is knowing how to spell it — remember that there's a c in the middle, and you'll probably get it right.
WORD FAMILY
puncture: puncturable, punctured, punctureless, punctures, puncturing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Another possible tactic might be to puncture Putin’s domestic image of invincibility.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
Once the aura of the czar was punctured, though, revolution became inevitable.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
She used her moments in the spotlight to puncture the fixed ideas of Hollywood.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 刺，戳; 贬低，削弱; 揭穿
vi. （指轮胎等）被刺穿
n. 刺痕; （车胎等的）刺孔
时态：punctured, puncturing, punctures
分布：刺穿(66%)，刺孔(23%)，削弱(11%)
→来自拉丁语punctum,点，刺点，来自pungere,刺，击，词源同pungent,point.引申词义小孔，小洞。
穿孔,刺穿(punct+ure→点[进去]→刺穿)[point,punct=point,make sharp,表示"点,变尖"]
US [-tʃɚ] noun countable
■a small hole made by a sharp object, especially in a tyre （尤指轮胎上被尖物刺出的）小孔
• My bike has had two punctures in the last three weeks. 在过去的三周里我的脚踏车被扎了两个小洞。
• I (= My car tyre) had a puncture when I was driving back from Keele. 我从基尔开车回来时轮胎被扎了个洞。
• She had a puncture wound in her arm, from a wasp sting. 她的手臂被黄蜂蜇伤了。
UK ['pʌŋk.tʃər] US [-tʃɚ] verb
intransitive or transitive
■to make a small hole in something, or to get a small hole in something （被）刺穿，（被）戳破
• She had used a screwdriver to puncture two holes in the lid of a paint tin. 她用螺丝起子在颜料罐的盖子上戳了两个洞。
• The knife went through his ribs and punctured his lung. 刀子穿过他的肋骨刺穿了他的肺。
transitive
■to suddenly make someone less confident or positive 使突然泄气；挫伤（锐气）
• My positive mood was rather punctured by the news. 这个消息使我的好心情大大受挫。
vt. 刺穿；揭穿；削弱
 - break, cut through

Word: microprocessor
Front: microprocessor
[ˌmaɪkrəʊˈprəʊsesə(r)] (六 12718/10933 -1)
Back: n. [计]微处理器
分布：微处理器(100%)
→micro-,微小的，processor,处理器。
US [-kroʊ'prɑ:.ses.ɚ] noun countable
■a part of a computer that controls its main operations 微处理器
n. [计] 微处理器
 - Merced

Word: suitcase
Front: suitcase
[ˈsu:tkeɪs] (高六托雅宝 5600/6625 -K2)
Back: n. 手提箱; 衣箱
分布：手提箱(100%)
→suit,套装，case,箱子。原指装套装的小箱子，后用于指手提箱，文件箱。
【记】suit一套衣服，case箱子
US ['su:t-/ (UK also case)
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a large rectangular case with a handle for carrying clothes and possessions while travelling （旅行用的）手提箱
• Have you packed/unpacked your suitcase yet? 你把衣物都放进手提箱了吗／从手提箱里拿出来了吗?
trunk, suitcase
这组词都有“衣箱，箱”的意思，其区别是：
trunk: 指旅行用的坚固的大衣箱。
suitcase: 指装替换衣服等的小型旅行箱，手提箱。
n. [轻] 手提箱；衣箱
 - carrying case, hold-all

Word: supplant
Front: supplant
[səˈplɑ:nt] (托宝 12090/14209 -1)
Vocabulary: supplant
(once / 1568 pages)
v
Kate was out sick for a month with mono, and when she came back to school, Jessie had supplanted her as the funny girl at the lunch table. Supplant means to take the place of.
Being supplanted is something that often happens to ideas or ways of thinking. Encouraging children's freedom has supplanted old ideas about children being better seen than heard. After a shocking upset at Wimbledon, a new tennis player has supplanted the reigning champion.
WORD FAMILY
supplant: supplanted, supplanter, supplanting, supplants+/ supplanter: supplanters/supplanting: supplantings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Carter, punk, and the expansive cultural impulse that brought this random family together are about to be supplanted by the Reagan era.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The metallic digits on this lumbering monstrosity are clearly intended to supplant the dexterity and fine motor control found in the human fingertips.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
He shined during offseason workouts and training camp, supplanting Josh Kline, who was released in September.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 把…排挤掉，取代; 代替
时态：supplanted, supplanting, supplants
分布：取代(87%)，排挤(13%)
→来自拉丁语 supplantare,掀翻，来自 sub,向下，planta,脚掌，来自 plat,平的，词源同 flat, 平的，plantar,脚底的。字面意思即踩在脚底下，引申词义代替，取代。
排挤,取代(sup+plant种植→种在下面,把上面的取代)[suc-,suf-,sup-,sur-等在同辅音词根前表示"在…下面"]
取代,排挤(sup在下面+plant→在下面种上东西把上面的取代掉)[Plant=plant,表示"种植"]
【记】sup下面，plant种植－在下面种植自己的势力－取代
US [-'plænt] slightly formal
verb transitive
■to replace 取代，代替
• In most offices, the typewriter has now been supplanted by the computer. 在大多数办公室中，打字机现在都已经被电脑取代了。
• Small children can often feel supplanted in their parents' affections (= that their parents no longer like them as much) when a new brother or sister is born. 当弟弟或妹妹出生后，小孩子常常会觉得自己在父母心中的地位被取代了。
vt. 代替；排挤掉
 - replace, substitute for

Word: smallish
Front: smallish
[ˈsmɔ:lɪʃ] (20408/20268)
Back: adj. 有点小的，短小的
分布：较小的(54%)，略小的(46%)
→small,小的，-ish,形容词后缀。
adj. 短小的；有点小的
 - pint-size

Word: toddler
Front: toddler
[ˈtɒdlə(r)] (5916/7942 -1)
Vocabulary: toddler
(once / 6355 pages)
n
Use the noun toddler to describe a small child who is just learning how to walk.
A toddler is older than a baby but not quite old enough for elementary school. It's the time in a child's life when she reaches all kinds of milestones: walking, talking, playing with other kids, and more. The word toddler was first used in 1793, and it developed out of the Scottish word toddle, or "to run or walk with short, unsteady steps."
WORD FAMILY
toddler: toddlers+/ toddle: toddled, toddler, toddles, toddling
USAGE EXAMPLES
A man holding a bouquet of balloons, and a woman carrying a toddler in one arm and a stroller in the other.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Authorities say the toddler suffered a brain injury on Sept. 5, 2015, and died the next day.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Officials say the toddler was declared dead at a hospital.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 蹒跚行走的人; 幼童装; 学步的幼儿
分布：初学走路的孩子(100%)
→toddle,蹒跚学步，-er,人。
US ['tɑ:d.lɚ] noun countable
■a young child, especially one who is learning or has recently learned to walk （尤指处于学步期或刚学会走路的）幼童

Word: troublemaker
Front: troublemaker
[ˈtrʌblmeɪkə(r)] (15749/19362)
Back: n. 惹是生非者，捣乱者
分布：捣蛋鬼(53%)，闹事者(39%)，惹是生非者(8%)
US [-kɚ] noun countable
■someone who intentionally causes problems for other people, especially people who are in a position of power or authority 惹是生非者，捣乱者，闹事者
• I was worried that I would be regarded as a troublemaker if I complained about the safety standards. 我担心如果我对安全规范提意见的话，会被视为惹是生非者。
n. 捣乱者，闹事者；惹麻烦的人
 - marplot

Word: belie
Front: belie
[bɪˈlaɪ] (托宝 14713/19460 -1)
Vocabulary: belie
(once / 2163 pages)
v
To belie means to contradict. If you are 93 but look like you are 53, then your young looks belie your age.
We get belie from the Old English beleogan, which meant "to deceive by lying." It suggests characteristics or behavior that inadvertently or deliberately hide the truth. To remember it, just think "be lying." Snow White's decision to barge into the Seven Dwarfs' home without invitation belied her gentle nature.
WORD FAMILY
belie: belied, belies, belying
USAGE EXAMPLES
His contentious Twitter posts belie his relative calm when he is at Mar-a-Lago compared with when he is isolated inside Trump Tower.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Her high-pitched, schoolgirl’s voice belies a rush of reflections that sound wise beyond her years.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
In a small office full of shelves groaning with books on the topic of bringing up children, his friendly demeanour belies a more pressing concern.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 歪曲真相，掩饰; 证明…为虚假; 辜负，使…失望; 与…不符
时态：belied, belying, belies
分布：掩饰(82%)，使 ... 失望(9%)，与 ... 不符(9%)
掩盖(be+lie说慌)[be-①构成动词"使…成为"②构成一些介词]
【记】be成为，lie谎言－使…成谎言－证明…为假
【反】aver（vt 断言）；affirm（v 肯定）；confirm（vt 确定）
(belying, belied, belied)
verb transitive
■to show something to be false, or to hide something such as an emotion 给人以假像；掩饰（感情等）
• Her calm face belied the terror she was feeling. 她平静的表情掩盖了内心的恐惧。
vt. 掩饰；与…不符；使失望；证明…虚假错误
 - fail, mask

Word: canberra
Front: canberra
['kænbərə] (-/16742)
Back: n. 堪培拉（澳大利亚首都）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: blitz
Front: blitz
[blɪts] (12387/11629 -1)
Vocabulary: blitz
(once / 4168 pages)
nv
A sudden, overwhelming military attack during war is a blitz. Sometimes a major blitz can lead to the end of a conflict.
The idea of a blitz is that it either overpowers or completely surprises the enemy, and it often involves bombing from overheard. The military use of blitz has migrated to sports as well, especially in American football when the defense bursts through the offense or rushes the passer. Any kind of unexpected attack, in fact, has come to be known as a blitz. The word comes from the German Blitzkrieg, "rapid attack."
WORD FAMILY
blitz: blitzed, blitzes, blitzing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The films explored Hull's history, from the Blitz to sporting triumphs.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The Giants’ defense was energetic and disruptive, bottling up an explosive offense with aggressive blitzes.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
But they were blitzed early and often by the league’s highest-scoring offense.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 闪电战; 大规模空袭; 突然袭击，闪电攻势
vt. 用闪电战攻击
vi. 实行闪电战
adj. 闪电战的; 闪电式的，凌厉的
时态：blitzed, blitzing, blitzes
分布：以闪击战攻击或破坏(100%)
noun countable
ATTACK 进攻
■a fast, violent attack on a town, city, etc. usually with bombs dropped from aircraft 闪电攻击（通常伴有飞机轰炸）
[blɪts] noun countable
ACTIVITY 活动
■a lot of energetic activity 集中力量的行动，闪电式行动
• The car was launched with a massive media/advertising blitz , involving newspapers, magazines, television and radio. 该车上市场时做了大量宣传／广告，所利用的媒体包括报纸、杂志、电视和电台。
■specialized
■when both players have to make a lot of moves in a very short period at the end of a timed game of chess , before the time allowed is past （限时棋类比赛中所剩时间很短时的）闪电落子
[blɪts] noun countable
a blitz on sth informal
■a great effort to improve something or do something that needs to be done 对…的突击
• We had a blitz on the house at the weekend and cleaned it completely. 我们周末彻底打扫了房子，收拾得干干净净。

Word: biscuit
Front: biscuit
[ˈbɪskɪt] (中高研四 8068/4203 -K2)
Vocabulary: biscuit
(once / 654 pages)
1n 2n
A biscuit is a small, round type of bread. A biscuit is delicious with butter, or you might prefer your biscuits with gravy.
Biscuits are a lot like rolls, and they often serve the same purpose by being side dishes or appetizers. Baking powder or soda is used to leaven biscuits, which are best served when warm and soft. A hard, stale biscuit isn’t very appealing. People often eat biscuits as a side dish with dinner, or smothered with gravy at breakfast.
WORD FAMILY
biscuit: biscuits
USAGE EXAMPLES
Before that, in less than three weeks’ time, Donald Trump gets his fat fingers on the nuclear biscuit.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Her help, Maria, lays on the biscuits and pours the whisky.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
It urges gentlemen to move for up to 24 miles a day, and to opt for a diet of lean meat, stale bread, and biscuits.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. <英>饼干; <美>软烤饼; 松饼（食用时常佐以肉汁）; 淡黄褐色
分布：饼干(93%)，淡褐色(7%)
→bis, 二。cuit, 词源同cook. 原指两面煎烤的面包。
n.饼干,点心The biscuit compels the mosquitoes quit the equipment.这种饼干迫使蚊子离开设备.
noun countable
FLAT CAKE 薄身的饼
 ESSENTIAL UK (US cookie)
■a small, flat cake that is dry and usually sweet 饼干；薄薄一片的甜饼
• chocolate/ginger biscuits 巧克力／姜味饼干
• a packet of biscuits 一包饼干
• We had tea and biscuits at 3.30 p.m. 我们在下午三点半享用茶点。
['bɪs.kɪt] noun countable
BREAD 面包 US a type of bread usually baked in small, round pieces 松饼
• baking-powder biscuits 焙粉松饼干
• biscuits and gravy 松饼和肉汁
['bɪs.kɪt] noun countable
(really) take the biscuit UK (US (really) take the cake) informal
■You say that something or someone (really) takes the biscuit when they have done something that you find extremely annoying or surprising 极其讨厌；十分惊人
• And you say she's opening your letters now? Oh, that really takes the biscuit! 你说她在拆你的信？啊，这可真令人难以置信！
n. 小点心，饼干
 - munchies, cookie

Word: bonn
Front: bonn
[bɔ:n] (-/9277)
Back: n. 波恩（德国城市）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: cholera
Front: cholera
[ˈkɒlərə] (13909/10760 -1)
Back: n. [医]霍乱; 虎疫
分布：霍乱(100%)
→来自chol, 胆囊，同gall. 指一种由胆囊引起的腹泻疾病。
US ['kɑ:.lɚ-] noun uncountable
■a serious infection of the bowels caused by drinking infected water or eating infected food, causing diarrhoea , vomiting and often death 霍乱

Word: carnival
Front: carnival
[ˈkɑ:nɪvl] (托 11897/15139 -2)
Vocabulary: carnival
(once / 1548 pages)
n
If you have an annual festival going on in your neighborhood that involves live music, street vendors, and games, you could call that a carnival.
The word carnival originally referred to a public festival involving general merriment and feasting, often taking place on the street and frequently associated with a religious holiday. Later the word’s meaning broadened to refer to a traveling show that offers similar activities, like a winter carnival or a fair. Nowadays the word carnival is also used figuratively to refer to something characterized by raucous disorder. If, for example, your coworkers ended up heckling your CEO at a company meeting, you could describe the scene as a carnival (although you would most likely NOT see any cotton candy in the board room).
WORD FAMILY
carnival: carnivals
USAGE EXAMPLES
The family participated in carnival games and science experiments and later visited with the animals.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Also, the show’s setting and set weren’t inspired by classic musicals like “Carnival,” “State Fair” or “Carousel.”
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Prepare to endure bad beginnings, survive a carnivorous carnival and climb slippery slopes.
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 狂欢节; 嘉年华; 节日，联欢
分布：狂欢节(78%)，嘉年华会(22%)
→来自拉丁短语carne levare（同lever, 举起）, 把肉收起来，绝食。原指基督教40天大斋期前的狂欢，后俗化为carne vale, 与肉说再见，-val, 力量，词源同value, valediction(临别致辞，祝好，再见)。
狂欢节,谢肉节[carn=flesh,表示"肉,肉欲"]
【源】原指：大斋节（Lent）前的节日。大斋期指复活节前的40天，是为了纪念耶稣在荒野禁食而设。基督徒视之为禁食和为复活节作准备而忏悔的季节。所以在这之前要大吃大喝一番。
【记】cam肉，ival节日－肉的节日－想象一下－狂欢节
US ['kɑ:r-] noun
countable or uncountable
■(a special occasion or period of) public enjoyment and entertainment involving wearing unusual clothes, dancing, and eating and drinking, usually held in the roads of a city 狂欢节；嘉年华
• There's a real carnival atmosphere in the streets. 街上真是一片狂欢节的气氛。
countable US for
■ funfair and fête 露天游乐场；露天游乐会
n. 狂欢节，嘉年华会；饮宴狂欢
 - Dionysia, Fasching

Word: constellation
Front: constellation
[ˌkɒnstəˈleɪʃn] (托宝 7195/12762 -1)
Vocabulary: constellation
(once / 1249 pages)
n
When you spot the Big Dipper in the night sky, you're looking at part of the constellation called "Ursa Major." A constellation is a group of stars that forms a pattern and has been given a name based on its shape.
The visible night sky is divided into 88 constellations by astronomers. Organizing the stars into specific shapes and patterns helps when people study them, since they're broken down into manageable sections. A constellation can also be a cluster of things, like a constellation of freckles on your friend's nose. The stella in the middle of the word constellation means "star" in Latin, while the entire word means "set with stars."
WORD FAMILY
constellation: constellations+/constellate: constellated, constellates, constellating, constellation
USAGE EXAMPLES
Constellation, as it was called, was designed for America’s space goals under Obama’s predecessor, former President George W. Bush.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The brand represents a new approach for Constellation, which also recently launched Ravage, a red-wine brand geared toward men with horseback-riding knights on its labels.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The reference is to the constellation of devices — such as cameras, cellphones and appliances — connected to the internet.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 星座; 一群杰出人物; 一系列（相关的想法、事物）; 一群（相关的人）
分布：星座(88%)，星群(12%)
→con-, 强调。-stell, 星星，词源同star,
星座[Stell=star,表示"星星"]
【参】stellar（adj 恒星的）；interstellar（adj 星际的）
US [ˌkɑ:nt-] noun countable
■any of the groups of stars in the sky which seem from Earth to form a pattern and have been given names 星座
■often humorous
■a group of famous or admired people all together in one place 群英荟萃；人才济济；明星群集
• At our annual ceremony we had a whole constellation of film stars/directors. 在我们的年度庆典上，影星／导演济济一堂。
n. [天] 星座；星群；荟萃；兴奋丛
 - zodiac sign, asterism

Word: decrepit
Front: decrepit
[dɪˈkrepɪt] (托雅宝 16566/19107)
Vocabulary: decrepit
(once / 3638 pages)
adj
That building falling down on the corner of your block? It's decrepit. So is the old man who lives there, if he is weak from age. Decrepit means broken down by hard use.
Decrepit implies that something or someone is a weak, and run down — practically falling apart. It's really not a nice word to use about a person. If you are trying to say the same thing about a person, but more nicely, you might use the word, feeble, which means weak, but not disastrously falling apart.
WORD FAMILY
decrepit: decrepitly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He founded a church, and with the small congregation renovated a decrepit 43-unit apartment building on Belmont Street NW.
Washington Post(Dec 10, 2016)
Oil shipments from China are critical to keep the decrepit North Korean economy functioning.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
He’ll have to make politically fraught decisions about a U.S. nuclear arsenal that in some ways has become decrepit.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 衰老的，老朽的，破旧的; 头童齿豁; 衰朽; 蓬头历齿
分布：破旧的(60%)，衰老的(40%)
衰老的(脾气不再火爆)[crepit=burst(爆裂)]
【记】de向下，crepit破裂－破裂掉－破旧的dec12月，repit＝repeat重复：总是重复12月，共100次，你就是百岁老人了－衰老的de向下，crep＝creep爬（ee和p同水平）：只能爬了－衰老的
【参】decrepitude（n 衰老）；decrepitated（vi 发出响声地烧矿石）
【反】sturdy（adj 强健的）；vigorous（adj 精力旺盛的；健壮的）；sound（adj 健康的）；robust（adj 精力充沛的）；hale（adj 矍铄的）
adjective
■in very bad condition because of being old, or not having been cared for, or having been used a lot 破旧的，年久失修的；破烂不堪的；老朽的
• Most of the buildings were old and decrepit. 这些建筑物大多数又老又破。
• A decrepit old man sat on a park bench.
adj. 衰老的；破旧的
 - shot, anile

Word: englishman

Word: iv

Word: hamburger
Front: hamburger
[ˈhæmbɜ:gə(r)] (中高研四六托 7483/14356 -1)
Vocabulary: hamburger
(once / 5178 pages)
n
A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a cooked meat patty on a bun or roll. You can order a hamburger, fries, and a shake at most fast food restaurants.
Hamburgers are traditionally made with ground beef and served with onions, tomatoes, lettuce, ketchup, and other garnishes. You can also make a hamburger with turkey or other kinds of meat — although rarely, if ever, is ham used in a hamburger. Hamburgers were originally called "hamburg steak," named for the German city of Hamburg, although no actual connection between the place and the food has ever been documented.
WORD FAMILY
hamburger: hamburgers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The latest Korean American fusion dish would be a lonely hamburger dreaming longingly of kimchi slaw.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
He settled down to his hamburger and milkshake and a comforting pile of press clippings about himself when the door creaked open.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Christmas lunch will feature Kobe beef hamburgers and homemade french fries.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 汉堡包; 碎牛肉; 牛肉饼
分布：汉堡包(100%)
→来自Hamburg,德国城市汉堡。通常认为因19世纪大量德国汉堡移民将这种食物引进美国而得名，并由该词衍生后缀-burger,包子。
n.汉堡包,牛肉饼The tramp from the tram swamped the ham hamburger with shampoo.来自有轨电车的流浪者用洗发水淹没火腿汉堡.
US [-ˌbɝ:.gɚ] noun
 IMPROVER countable (informal burger) (UK also beefburger)
■a round flat shape made of beef , which is fried and eaten between two halves of a bread roll 汉堡包，汉堡牛肉饼
uncountable US (UK mince)
■ beef that is cut into very small pieces, used to make hamburgers （用于做汉堡包的）碎牛肉，牛肉糜
n. 汉堡包，汉堡；牛肉饼，肉饼；碎牛肉
 - burger, beefburger

Word: herman
Front: herman
[ˈhə:mən] (-/15798)
Back: n. 赫尔曼(m.)
分布：名词(100%)

Word: irrelevance
Front: irrelevance
[ɪˈreləvəns] (21191/18579)
Vocabulary: irrelevance
(once / 13133 pages)
n
Irrelevance represents what is NOT at all important to what’s going on right now. Anything that distracts you from this sentence is clearly an example of irrelevance.
The Latin root word for irrelevance is relevare, which means “raising up.” The prefix ir- means “not,” therefore if a situation does not relate to or raise your interest, it’s irrelevant. In a courtroom, lawyers who lose sight of their case argue about irrelevances, and your sister speaks with irrelevance when she wakes you up to talk about rainbows. It’s always best to focus on important things, but irrelevance now and then won’t kill you.
WORD FAMILY
irrelevance: irrelevances+/irrelevancy: irrelevancies/ irrelevant: irrelevance, irrelevancy, irrelevantly/relevancy: relevancies/ relevant: irrelevant, relevance, relevancy, relevantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Settlers, meanwhile, brush it off as an irrelevance.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
For the first time in four decades, the United States, the once dominant power in the region, is an irrelevance.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Alabama’s stunning 20-19 victory was dubbed “The Game that Changed the South,” an event that launched the region’s football dominance after decades of irrelevance.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 无关紧要; 不相关; 不相关的事物
分布：不相关(53%)，不切题(29%)，无关系(11%)，无关紧要的事物(7%)
→ir-,不，非，relevance,相关。
[ɪ'rel.ɪ.vənts] (formal irrelevancy)
noun countable or uncountable
■when something is not related to what is being discussed or considered and therefore not important, or an example of this 不相关，不切题
• Sympathy is an irrelevance - we need practical help. 同情无济于事——我们需要实际的帮助。
• Many of these problems may simply fade into irrelevance when the new rules come into force. 一旦新规则开始实施，这些问题大多可能就会变得无关紧要了。
n. 离题；枝节问题；不相关的事物
 - off the point, digression

Word: macro
Front: macro
[ˈmækrəʊ] (16310/22288 -1)
Vocabulary: macro
(once / 14830 pages)
1adj 2n
Anything macro is enlarged or on a very large scale. A macro perspective on life is one that stands back and takes in the entirety of experience, rather than examining smaller details up close.
While two political parties might argue over specifics, a political analyst might claim that on a macro (or large-scale) level, their policies and positions are essentially the same. A macro lens for a camera, however, does examine small details, but does it by blowing them up into something large. With a macro lens, you can photograph a butterfly or a flower and capture every last tiny element on film. Macro has a Greek root, makros, "long or large."
WORD FAMILY
macro: macros
USAGE EXAMPLES
Boardman said the labor talks focused on workers in D.C. and that “there were no discussions about macro issues.”
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Then I saw this beauty and I immediately switched from the macro to the wide-angle lens and composed this frame.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
The memo noted that the Macro's energy business accounted for less than two percent of overall revenue for the markets business at the British lender.
Reuters(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. [自]宏指令; 巨（计算机术语）
adj. 巨大的; 大量使用的; 特别突出的; 极厚的
分布：宏观的(100%)
→缩写自macro-instruction.
US [-roʊ] noun countable (plural macros) specialized
■a single instruction given to a computer which produces a set of instructions for the computer to perform a particular piece of work 巨集指令（向电脑发出的可产生一系列指令的一个指令，使电脑完成某一项工作）
• I've created a macro to spell check all the files at the same time. 我建立了一个巨集指令，可以同时对所有档案进行拼写检查。
adj. 巨大的，大量的
 - huge, massive, tremendous, enormous, extensive

Word: leonard
Front: leonard
[ˈlenəd] (-/5856)
Back: n. 男子名
分布：名词(100%)

Word: obsessive
Front: obsessive
[əbˈsesɪv] (10199/11469 -1)
Vocabulary: obsessive
(once / 6000 pages)
adjn
If you rush to the carwash every time a speck of dust lands on your fender, your friends probably describe you as obsessive about keeping your car clean. In other words, you care way too much about your car's cleanliness.
Whenever someone is wild about something to an alarming or unnatural extent, you can say they're obsessive. If you go berserk when your neighbor’s soccer ball lands in your flowerbed, your neighbors might think you’re obsessive about your garden. If there’s a person you think about every moment, night and day, you may be obsessive, or maybe you’re just in love.
WORD FAMILY
obsessive: obsessively, obsessiveness, obsessives, obsessivity+/ obsess: obsessed, obsesses, obsessing, obsession, obsessive / obsession: obsessional, obsessions/obsessional: obsessionally
USAGE EXAMPLES
His obsessive attention to detail does not always bear fruit, of course.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The mother is a singular star to her baby, whose gaze follows her around the room with the watchfulness of an obsessive fan.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Some people think I’m obsessive, and I suppose I am.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 着迷的; 急迫的; 强迫性的; 难以释怀的
n. 强迫症患者
分布：强迫性的(44%)，着迷的(30%)，困扰的(26%)
→来自obsess,着魔，痴迷。
adjective (also obsessional)
■thinking about something or someone, or doing something, too much or all the time 困扰；无法摆脱的念头；念念不忘的事（或人）
• He's obsessive about punctuality. 他过分讲究准时。
■like, typical of, or caused by an obsession 迷恋的；着迷的
• obsessive secrecy 过分的遮遮掩掩
• obsessional behaviour 痴迷的行为
[əb'ses.ɪv] noun countable specialized
■an obsessive person 强迫症患者
adj. 强迫性的；着迷的；分神的
 - crazy, mad

Word: prospectus
Front: prospectus
[prəˈspektəs] (雅 19077/12668 -1)
Vocabulary: prospectus
(once / 3869 pages)
1n 2n
A prospectus is a written catalog or brochure that offers a plan, as of school courses to take or stocks to buy. The idea of a prospectus is to offer a variety of options and a plan of action.
One goal of a prospectus is to present the positive features of something in order to attract a desired participant. When a new company wants to attract investors or a stock brokerage wants to attract new clients, each offers a prospectus specific to its goals. The word is from the Latin verb specere, "to look," which is combined with the prefix prō-, "forward" — giving us a verb meaning "to look forward" to something that is coming. The modern word appeared first in France in the 18th century.
WORD FAMILY
prospectus: prospectuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most investors don’t read fund prospectuses because of the mix of jargon and legalese.
Seattle Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Under English law a business publishing a prospectus to raise capital must disclose an accurate record of its finances to investors.
Reuters(Nov 17, 2016)
I read the prospectus and I knew that the production company, Revelations, was involved.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: n. 内容说明书; （即将出版的书等的）内容介绍，简介; 计划书，意见书; （讲义等的）大纲
分布：简章(56%)，宣传小册(22%)，创立计划书(22%)
→来自拉丁语prospectus,展望，视野，词源同prospect.引申词义简章，简介。
计划书;大纲(pro+spect+us→向前看的东西→大纲)[spect,spic=look,see,表示"看"]
noun countable
■a document giving details of a college, school or business and its activities （学校或企业的）简介，简章
• I picked up a really impressive prospectus for Shirley Heath Junior School. 我取了一份雪利‧希思小学的简介，里面的介绍十分令人心动。
n. 内容说明书；样张；创办计划书
 - specimen page, specimen sheet

Word: pronouncement
Front: pronouncement
[prəˈnaʊnsmənt] (10628/11254 -1)
Vocabulary: pronouncement
(once / 3746 pages)
n
A pronouncement is an official announcement, like the kind politicians make. It’s formal and comes from someone in charge. The mayor of your town might make a pronouncement about the importance of not littering.
When you make a pronouncement, you're certain about what you're saying and say it with authority. A school principal's pronouncement about not running in the halls might be broadcast over the intercom so everyone can hear it. A big brother might make a pronouncement about what’s for dinner. Feel free to ignore him, but not the principal or the mayor, unless you want to get in trouble. Pronouncement comes from the Latin word pronuntiare, "to proclaim or announce."
WORD FAMILY
pronouncement: pronouncements+/ mispronounce: mispronounced, mispronounces, mispronouncing, mispronunciation/mispronunciation: mispronunciations/ pronounce: mispronounce, pronounceable, pronounced, pronouncement, pronounces, pronouncing, pronunciation /pronounceable: unpronounceable/pronounced: pronouncedly/ pronunciation: pronunciations/unpronounceable: unpronounceably
USAGE EXAMPLES
For one thing, he follows every grumpy pronouncement with a light little laugh, as if in on his own joke.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Mr. Trump’s pronouncements are often so vague and offhand that their long-term impact on policy is open to debate.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The bellicose pronouncements in Moscow suggest that Russia is becoming a superpower again, modernizing its nuclear arsenal and seeking supremacy over the United States.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 声明; 公告; 宣告; 判决
分布：声明(60%)，公告(40%)
→来自pronounce,宣布，公布。
[prə'naʊnt.smənt] formal
noun countable
■an official announcement 声明
• The treasurer has been taking a more optimistic view of economic recovery in his recent public pronouncements. 财政部长在最近的公开发言中对经济复苏持更乐观的态度。
n. 声明；宣告；公告；判决
 - statement, profession, announcement, declaration, sentence

Word: severance
Front: severance
[ˈsevərəns] (14925/16468)
Vocabulary: severance
(once / 3531 pages)
n
A severance is the ending of a connection or relationship. A terrible argument between you and your cousin could turn into a all-out feud and eventually a complete severance between the two branches of your family.
The noun severance implies a separation or cut of some kind, like a severance between your father and the political party with which he has become disenchanted. If you cut off relations with a person, group, or organization, you've initiated a severance. The phrase "severance pay" means the deal a company offers to an employee who's being fired. Severance comes from the word sever, "to cut," whose origin is the Latin separare, or "separate."
WORD FAMILY
severance: severances+/ sever: severable, severance, severed, severing, severs/severing: severings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Absent severance of these connections by divestiture, potential legal liability and controversy will continue to exist.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Second, the court will look at whether the evidence was sufficient to convict Severance in any of the three murders.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
During his tenure, critics raised questions about Lewandowski’s continuing role as an informal adviser to Trump and what the campaign characterized as monthly severance payments.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 切断; 断绝; 割断; 离职金
分布：补偿金(44%)，分离(36%)，切断(20%)
→sever,切开，割断，断绝，-ance,名词后缀。
US [-ɚ-] noun uncountable
■money paid by an employer to an employee whose job the employer has had to bring to an end 资遣费，遣散费
• The management have offered employees one week's severance (pay) for each six months they have worked at the company. 资方以每工作六个月支付一星期工资的标准向员工们发放了遣散费。
• a severance agreement/deal/package 遣散费协定
■formal
■the act of ending a connection, relationship, etc. or of being separated from a person, place, etc. （联系、关系等的）断绝，中断；分离
• The minister announced the severance of aid to the country. 部长宣布中断对该国的援助。
• The hardest thing to cope with was the severance from his family. 最难处理的事情是他与家人的分离。
n. 分离；断绝；隔离；区别
 - separation, insulation, isolation, discrimination, differentiation

Word: rioter
Front: rioter
['raɪətə(r)] (21359/21675)
Vocabulary: rioter
(once / 3058 pages)
n
A rioter is someone who takes part in a brawl or a violent disturbance. If you want a peaceful protest rally, don't invite rioters.
Sometimes protesters are accused of being rioters: the difference between the two is that protesters are generally peaceful, and that even if they're stirred to violent action, protesters have a social or political goal — or an event or policy to protest. Rioters only have the goal of causing a disruption. Sports fans sometimes turn into rioters after a big loss (or win). Rioter comes from the Old French, in which it means "chatter, dispute, or quarrel."
WORD FAMILY
rioter: rioters+/ riot: rioted, rioter, rioting, riotous, riots/rioting: riotings/ riotous: riotously
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Israeli military says dozens of rioters attacked security forces, injuring one border policeman.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
It’s not a correct move in that it will force rioters to leave the camp site, because it won’t.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Authorities say “rioters” in the area intend “to create an unsafe environment for the public.”
Washington Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 暴徒，暴民; 喧闹者
分布：暴徒(54%)，暴民(33%)，喝酒狂闹的人(13%)
n. 暴徒；暴民；骚乱者
 - mobbist, thug

Word: abusive
Front: abusive
[əˈbju:sɪv] (宝 7131/11729)
Vocabulary: abusive
(once / 2838 pages)
adj
People or actions that are hurtful or harmful are abusive. Being abusive is one of the worst things a parent — or anyone else — can do.
Abusive is a strong word for serious actions. A parent asking you to take out the garbage is not being abusive, but a parent who hits you, locks you up, or yells at you repeatedly is being abusive, which is wrong and also illegal. Teachers can be abusive too, and so can bosses, co-workers, or other students. Anyone who has power has a lot of potential to be abusive in a physical or psychological (mental) way. One of the most important parts of being a parent, teacher, boss — or anyone else — is making sure you don't do anything abusive. When you hear the word abusive, think "Someone is being hurt."
WORD FAMILY
abusive: abusively, abusiver+/ abuse: abused, abuser, abuses, abusing, abusive, disabuse, self-abuse/abused: abusedly, unabused/abuser: abusers/ disabuse: disabused, disabuses, disabusing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unfortunately, shortly after we moved in together, my ex became physically abusive toward me.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Dana Carvey’s “Church Lady” character sprang from his efforts to deal with his emotionally abusive father.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
He said the fighters were abusive with the passengers, then beat him, wounded a friend’s hand and then detained them both.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 骂人的; 滥用的; 虐待的
分布：虐待的(38%)，滥用的(31%)，辱骂的(27%)，诅咒的(4%)
谩骂的(abuse+ive)[us,ut=use,表示"用"]
adjective
 ADVANCED
■using rude and offensive words 辱骂的；毁谤的；恶语的
• an abusive letter/telephone call 辱骂信／电话
• He was apparently abusive to the flight attendants. 显然他对航班空服员说了些不干不净的话。
adj. 辱骂的；滥用的；虐待的
 - misapplied

Word: typhoon
Front: typhoon
[taɪˈfu:n] (高研四六雅宝 21835/25972 -1)
Vocabulary: typhoon
(once / 4823 pages)
n
What a hurricane is to the United States, a typhoon is to South Pacific and Asian nations. It's a giant, rotating storm that brings awesome wind, rain, and destruction.
One thing that makes typhoons like hurricanes—aside from intense weather—is that we give them names. Why? That's a discussion for another day. If you're having a hard time recalling the meaning of typhoon, try this silliness: "The typhoon knocked out all the power. I cannot use the telephoon." You can also remind yourself that typhoon rhymes with another form of harsh weather, the monsoon.
WORD FAMILY
typhoon: typhoons
USAGE EXAMPLES
And typhoons and hurricanes are getting stronger because of climate change.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Duterte said in a threat that won applause from typhoon survivors.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
A powerful typhoon hit parts of the Philippines on Monday, leaving many parts of the country flooded.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 台风
分布：台风(100%)
→来自希腊语 typhon,旋风，可能来自 typhein,冒烟，词源同 typhus,或来自 dheub,深的，地 底的，词源同 deep.后用于指热带风暴台风最早见于 16 世纪在南亚和东亚附近开拓殖民地的 葡萄牙人的描述，据说是来自阿拉伯语 tufan,怒吼的风，旋转的风暴，可能为拟声词，也有 说法是该阿拉伯词原为借自希腊语 typhon,旋风。但同时，词义和拼写又同时受到汉语台风 的影响。令人抓狂的是，汉语台风在词源上同样说不清楚，较常见的说法有来自广东话大风 变音，或因从台湾海峡进入大陆，简称台风，还有一种说法就是荷兰人占领台湾后，借用自 希腊语 typhon,旋风，最后普通话翻译为台风。更多参照百度百科。
n.台风The typist plays Typhoon on the piano in a typical style.打字员以典型的风格在钢琴上演奏"台风".
noun countable
■a violent wind which has a circular movement, found in the West Pacific Ocean （西太平洋面的）台风
• The 169 000-ton vessel went down during a typhoon in the South China Sea. 台风中，一艘169 000吨位的轮船在南中国海沉没了。
typhoon, storm, hurricane
这组词都有“大风”的意思，其区别是：
typhoon: 主要指西太平洋海洋上发生的极猛烈的风暴，风力常达十级以上。
storm: 指雷电交加的暴风雨，也多作引申用。
hurricane: 指12级大风，有时指发生在西印度群岛的大气旋。

Word: anarchist
Front: anarchist
[ˈænəkɪst] (托宝 15254/14999 -1)
Vocabulary: anarchist
(once / 1883 pages)
n
Should you ever decide to form a club for anarchists, you might want to keep this in mind: Running for club president will make you unpopular, since anarchists prefer a stateless society and distrust ruling powers.
When the Sex Pistols released "Anarchy in the UK" in 1976, they clashed with Margaret Thatcher's ideal of conservative England. Translated from the Greek, by way of Middle Latin, anarchy means "without a leader," and that's what an anarchist is all about. Given that anarchists reject authority, it's not surprising that there are many types of anarchism, ranging from those that promote the perfect liberty of the individual to those that endorse communist or socialist ideas.
WORD FAMILY
anarchist: anarchists+/ anarchism: anarchisms, anarchistic/anarchistic: anarchistically/ anarchy: anarchical, anarchies, anarchism, anarchist
USAGE EXAMPLES
But while laws govern astrophysics, cancer is an anarchist.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
The first was that Lawrence was a moralist and Miller was an anarchist.
The New Yorker(Dec 04, 2016)
Left-wing and anarchist groups have called for organized protests to disrupt the president-elect’s Jan. 20 inauguration.
Reuters(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 无政府主义者
分布：无政府主义者(100%)
【记】an无，不，arch统治，ist人－不喜统治的人－无政府主义者
US [-ɚ-] noun countable
■a person who believes in anarchism 无政府主义者
• He was a poet, an anarchist and a vegan. 他是个诗人、无政府主义者及严格的素食主义者。
• an anarchist group/slogan/bookshop 无政府主义团体／口号／书店
■disapproving
■someone who wishes to destroy the existing government and laws 扰乱分子；煽动叛乱的人
• anarchist tendencies/demonstrations 叛乱的趋势／煽动叛乱的游行

Word: bacon
Front: bacon
[ˈbeɪkən] (高研六雅 6412/6093 -2)
Vocabulary: bacon
(once / 1480 pages)
n
Bacon is a thin, salty meat product that's often served beside eggs at breakfast. Some people like their bacon cooked until it's crispy.
If you're a vegetarian, you might order a BLT and say, "Hold the bacon, please." Bacon comes from the belly or the sides of a pig, and it's typically swirled with fat, cured or smoked, and very flavorful. The word and the food have been around since at least the early 14th century, from a Proto-Germanic root, bakkon, or "back meat." Since the early 1900s, "bringing home the bacon" has been slang for earning a living.
WORD FAMILY
bacon: bacons
USAGE EXAMPLES
That's about one sausage plus a rasher of bacon a day.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
Our favorite is his bacon aioli fries, which you’ll still be licking off your fingers long after you’ve inhaled them.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
And it smelled like bacon was frying somewhere, too.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 培根; 熏猪肉; 咸猪肉; 腊肉
分布：培根(48%)，熏肉(31%)，咸肉(21%)
→back, 后，后腿。-on , 小词后缀。指猪后腿肉。
n.咸猪肉,熏猪肉Bonus is a stimulus for me to study the silicon in the bacon.奖金是我研究薰肉中硅原子的动力.
【记】bacon读：贝肯?鲍尔。由于在1974年和1990年分别作为西德队队长和主教练夺得世界杯，贝肯鲍尔在世纪末的各项评选中都能找到一席之地，去年11月，他被国际足球历史与统计协会评选为本世纪德国最佳球员。提问：它为什么这么牛？回答：爱吃熏肉—一种熏制的咸肉，可增强体力，据说有兴奋剂之功效。
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■(thin slices of) meat from the back or sides of a pig which is often eaten fried 咸肉（片），熏肉（片），培根
• a bacon sandwich 培根三明治
• a slice/rasher of bacon 一片培根
• bacon and eggs 培根和鸡蛋
n. [食品] 咸肉；腌肉；熏猪肉
 - cured meat, salted meat

Word: anaemic
Front: anaemic
[əˈni:mɪk] (46615/21637)
Back: adj. 贫血的; 患贫血症的; 没有活力的; 无精打采的
分布：贫血的(68%)，=anemic.(16%)，无力的(16%)
→前缀an-, 没有，无。词根em,hem, 血, 见hematology, 血液学。
(mainly US anemic) [ə'ni:.mɪk] adjective
■suffering from anaemia 贫血的，患贫血症的
• Lack of iron in your diet can make you anaemic. 饮食中缺少铁元素会导致贫血。
■without any energy and effort 没有活力的，无精打采的
• Both actors gave fairly anaemic performances. 两个演员的表演都苍白无力。
adj. 贫血的，患贫血症的；无活力的
 - anemic, undynamic

Word: awry
Front: awry
[əˈraɪ] (宝 14699/19292)
Vocabulary: awry
(once / 3163 pages)
advadj
When something goes wrong with a decent plan, you say it has gone awry. Losing your backpack is a mistake, but when you realize it contained your ticket and your passport, your vacation plans really go awry.
Wry means "twisted"—so going awry means getting "twisted up." Awry is similar to askew, which means "off, out of line," though when you compare the roots skew "turned at an angle" and wry "twisted" you see the subtle difference between the two words.
WORD FAMILY
awry
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shortly thereafter, the Dutchman, who nonetheless suspected that something was awry, returned and discovered the hideout.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
And his sumptuous driving—the part of the game that contributes most to McIlroy’s separation from the rest—was too often more awry than accurate.
Golf Digest(Dec 18, 2016)
And in the unlikely event the review finds something awry, then this process will definitely be worth it.
Washington Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: adj. 扭曲的; 斜的; 错误的
adv. 歪斜地; 错误地
分布：歪(37%)，斜(18%)，扭曲的(15%)，出岔子(15%)，错误地(10%)，歪曲的(5%)
→来自短语on wry . wry, 歪斜，扭曲，来自zero-grade 根wr, 弯，转，词源同verse, 转。
【源】wry（adj 歪斜的；v 扭曲）
【反】orderly（adj 有序的）；aligned（adj 排成一行的）
adjective [after verb] adverb
■not in the intended way 离开预期方向（的）；出错（的）
• Anything that goes awry (= goes wrong) in the office is blamed on Pete. 办公室甚么事情出了错，都会怪罪到彼特头上。
• The strike has sent the plans for investment seriously awry. 罢工严重打乱了投资计划。
■in the wrong position 曲（的）；歪（的）；斜（的）
• She rushed in, her face red and sweaty and her hat awry. 她冲了进来，满脸通红、一头大汗，帽子都歪了。
adv. 歪曲；歪斜地；错误低
 - slantingly, agee
adj. 错误的；扭曲的
 - false, wrong, incorrect, improper, inaccurate

Word: clutter
Front: clutter
[ˈklʌtə(r)] (托 12119/14581 -1)
Vocabulary: clutter
(once / 3409 pages)
nv
The word clutter can mean a messy jumble of objects. The disorganized clutter of shoes, hats, shirts, belts, jackets, and pants makes it impossible to find a thing in your closet!
Clutter can describe all those disorderly random things in your purse, but it can also refer to the random echoes that show up on a radar screen. The echos mix with other desired signals and can make it hard to track everything. As a verb, clutter is what you do when you fill up a space with a crazy mix of objects. You may clutter up the attic when you finally clean out that closet!
WORD FAMILY
clutter: cluttered, cluttering, clutters, unclutter+/unclutter: uncluttered
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now the place is cluttered with finished canvases of all sizes and boxes and drawers of smaller paintings and prints.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
I’m an art geek: I wanted to create a space on the web that was free of clutter.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
Call it competitive balance, or a cluttered mess.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 杂乱; 混乱; 喧嚣
vt. 使凌乱; 乱糟糟地堆满
vi. 乱哄哄地跑; 发出吵闹声
时态：cluttered, cluttering, clutters
分布：混乱(55%)，杂乱(42%)，弄乱(3%)
→词源同clod,clot.即大块状的，凌乱的。
US ['klʌtˌ.ɚ] noun uncountable
■(a lot of objects in) a state of being untidy 杂乱，凌乱；杂乱的东西
• Sorry about the clutter in the kitchen. 对不起，厨房里杂乱不堪。
• My desk is covered in/full of clutter. 我书桌上堆得乱七八糟。
UK ['klʌt.ər] US ['klʌtˌ.ɚ] verb transitive
■to fill something in an untidy or badly organized way 塞满，乱堆在；使散乱
• The kids always clutter the hall (up) with school bags and coats and stuff. 孩子总把书包、外套和其他东西乱放在门厅，弄得乱七八糟。
• Every shelf is cluttered with ornaments. 每层架子上都塞满了装饰品。
• figurative I try not to clutter (up) my mind with useless information. 我尽量不往脑子里装那些无用的东西。
n. 杂乱，混乱
 - chaos, disorder, confusion, involvement, mix

Word: consequently
Front: consequently
[ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli] (研四六托 4363/3023 -2)
Vocabulary: consequently
(once / 199 pages)
adv
Consequently is a word that has to do with cause and effect. If you failed math, you'll consequently have to take it again.
Sometimes, we don't know why things happen. Other times, we can see one thing leading to another. That's when you can use the word consequently. An employer could say, "We're losing money. Consequently, we have to fire you." The city might say, "It snowed three feet. Consequently, there's no school." If you know that a consequence is the effect or result of something, then that should help you remember how to use consequently.
WORD FAMILY
consequently: consequentlys+/ consequence: consequences, consequential / consequent: consequence, consequenter, consequently, inconsequent/ consequential: consequentially, inconsequential /inconsequence: inconsequences/inconsequent: inconsequence, inconsequently/ inconsequential: inconsequentially
USAGE EXAMPLES
The high-stakes question — for them and consequently for Christianity’s future in Asia — is whether to renounce Jesus or die a martyr.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Its offspring were consequently planted throughout the British Isles, Europe and, finally, North America.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Consequently, only the objective of fighting serious crime is capable of justifying such interference.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adv. 所以，因此; 因此，因而; 终于，这样; 合乎逻辑的推论是
分布：因此(55%)，所以(45%)
ad.结果,因此,所以
US ['kɑ:nt-] adverb
 IMPROVER
■as a result 因此；所以
• I spent most of my money in the first week and consequently had very little to eat by the end of the holiday. 我在假期的第一周用掉了大部分钱，因此假期快结束时我都没甚么吃的了。
accordingly, consequently, hence, so, therefore, thus
这些连接副词均有“因此，所以”之意。
accordingly: 书面用词，强调根据某种原因而得出的结果，其前可用冒号或分号，但不用逗号。
consequently: 正式用词，侧重符合逻辑的结果。
hence: 较正式用词，指接下来的东西是理所当然的必需的东西，但强调其重要性。
so: 用于比较随便的场合，口语中多用。
therefore: 通常指引出一个推断出的必然结论。
thus: 多用于书面语中，可与therefore换用。
adv. 因此；结果；所以
 - therefore, hence, accordingly, thus, as a result of

Word: drunken
Front: drunken
[ˈdrʌŋkən] (8167/7718 -1)
Back: adj. 酒醉的; 常醉的; 酗酒的
分布：喝醉的(76%)，常醉的(24%)
['drʌŋ.kən] disapproving
adjective [before noun]
■describes someone who is (often) under the influence of alcohol 常醉酒的；醉醺醺的；酗酒的
• She was convicted of murdering her drunken and allegedly violent husband. 她因谋杀丈夫而获罪，她丈夫经常酗酒，据说还有家庭暴力行为。
• Just before midnight, the square filled up with drunken revellers. 将近午夜的时候，广场上到处都是醉醺醺的狂欢者。
■describes a situation in which a lot of alcohol has been drunk 醉酒引起的
• a drunken brawl 酒后争斗
• He came home and fell into a drunken stupor (= sleep). 他醉醺醺地回到家里倒头就睡。
adj. 喝醉的；酒醉的；常醉的
 - preserved, squiffed

Word: devotee
Front: devotee
[ˌdevəˈti:] (宝 12085/14465 -1)
Vocabulary: devotee
(once / 1690 pages)
n
Devotee is a fancy word for "fan." Some people are superfans of Katy Perry. Others save their love and adoration for Mozart. Either way, they are huge devotees of the musicians they love.
People are called devotees because they're particularly devoted to something. Be it hot yoga, fluffy cats or chocolate cake, a devotee is an ardent follower. In the traditional sense this word was reserved for the extremely devout, who were devoted to their religion. But these days you can be a devotee of just about anything.
WORD FAMILY
devotee: devotees+/ devote: devoted, devotee, devotes, devoting, devotion / devoted: devotedest, devotedly, devotedness/ devotion: devotional, devotions/devotional: devotionally, devotionals
USAGE EXAMPLES
Devotees urged Panasonic to bring the machine back, starting an online petition that eventually collected more than 27,000 names.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
And finally, a few names for Fantasy Football devotees to avoid.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
To devotees of British comic opera, “The Mikado” is one of the pinnacles of the genre.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 热爱者，迷恋者; 皈依者; 信徒
分布：爱好者(70%)，献身者(20%)，虔诚的宗教信徒(10%)
献身者(dexote献身)[-ee表名词"被动或主动的人"]
noun countable
■a person who strongly admires a particular person or is extremely interested in a subject （狂热的）崇拜者，爱好者
• He is a great devotee of the Prime Minister. 他是首相的狂热崇拜者。
• devotees of cricket 板球爱好者
n. 信徒；爱好者
 - Christian, lover, fan, believer

Word: convoluted
Front: convoluted
[ˈkɒnvəlu:tɪd] (宝 18275/20323)
Vocabulary: convoluted
(once / 14206 pages)
adj
If something is convoluted, it's intricate and hard to understand. You'll need to read over your brother's convoluted investment scheme a few times before deciding whether or not to go in on it.
Convoluted comes from the Latin convolutus for rolled up together. Its original meaning in English was exactly that, first for eaves coiled up on themselves, then for anything rolled or knotted together. Over time convoluted took on its metaphorical sense of complicated and intricate, which is how it's generally used today. People complain about convoluted legal language and the convoluted tax code.
WORD FAMILY
convolute: convoluted, convolutes, convoluting, convolution+/convolution: convolutions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Each personality description gets a little convoluted, but suffice it to say that this is at least an interesting way to approach losing weight.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The case, though, against the men proved to be extremely convoluted as the only law pertaining to piracy in the US was 200 years old.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The result is a convoluted workaround many fishermen view as nonsensical.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 盘绕的，卷曲的; 复杂的
v. 回旋，卷绕，盘旋( convolute的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：费解的(71%)，旋绕的(22%)，动词convolute的过去式和过去分词.(7%)
→con-, 强调。-vol, 转，旋转，词源同Volvo, volume.
【记】con共同，volut转－共同转－把大家转的晕头转向的－费解的
【参】revolutionary（adj 革命的）
【反】straightforward（adj 正直坦率的；简单易懂的；直接了当的）
US ['kɑ:n.və.lu:.tˌɪd] adjective
■very twisted 盘绕的；弯曲的，曲折的
• a very convoluted route/knot 曲折盘旋的路线／缠绕的绳结
■describes sentences, explanations and arguments, etc. that are unreasonably long and difficult to understand （句子、解释、论据等）冗长费解的，繁复晦涩的
• His grammar explanations are terribly convoluted. 他对文法的讲解非常晦涩难懂。
• Her book is full of long, convoluted sentences. 她的书里全是些冗长晦涩的句子。
adj. 复杂的；费解的；旋绕的
 - complicated, sophisticated, involved, detailed, intricate

Word: dyke
Front: dyke
[daɪk] (23644/12364 -1)
Back: n. 堤坝; 女子同性恋者
时态：dyked, dyking, dykes
分布：堤坝(61%)，沟(22%)，渠(14%)，=dike(3%)
→来自dike拼写变体，词源同dig,ditch. 女同性恋义词源不详，可能来自dyke的俚语女阴。
(also dike) [daɪk] noun countable
WALL 墙
■a wall built to prevent the sea or a river from covering an area, or a channel dug to take water away from an area 堤坝，大坝 Compare dam
(also dike) [daɪk] noun countable
WOMAN 女人 slang
■a homosexual woman; a lesbian . Many people consider this word offensive. 女同性恋者（许多人认为该词具冒犯意）

Word: endear
Front: endear
[ɪnˈdɪə(r)] (18772/18490 -1)
Vocabulary: endear
(once / 1053 pages)
v
Things that endear you to others — like your sense of humor or your skill at baking chocolate chip cookies — cause them to be fond of you.
The verb endear is almost always followed by the word "to," as in the sentence "The teacher's ready smile and gentle voice endear him to the class of kindergartners." When something endears you to another person, he or she adores you. In the 1500s, endear meant "increase the value of," though it quickly came to mean "make dear," or perhaps to increase the emotional value, especially of another person.
WORD FAMILY
endear: endeared, endearing, endearment, endears+/ dear: dearer, dearly, dearness, dears, endear /dearness: dearnesses/ endearing: endearingly/ endearment: endearments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Like Canada itself, the gray jay is a pleasant surprise, comforting for its lack of pushiness and dramatics, endearing for its wit and poise.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
But the core of the xx — an endearing insecurity — hasn’t disappeared.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
All human life was there, for better, for worse, in victory and defeat, chaotic, corrupt, endearing, enraging, inspiring.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 使受喜爱; 使亲密; 使被爱恋
时态：endeared, endearing, endears
分布：使受喜爱(100%)
US [-dɪr] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  endear sb to sb
■to cause someone to be liked by someone 使（某人）受（某人）喜爱（或欢迎）
• [R] She is unlikely to endear herself to her colleagues with such an aggressive approach. 她这种咄咄逼人的态度使她很难受到同事们的欢迎。

Word: fraternity
Front: fraternity
[frəˈtɜ:nəti] (宝 9247/11321 -1)
Vocabulary: fraternity
(once / 1349 pages)
n
A fraternity is a group of people who work in the same industry or have similar careers. Your dad's fraternity of firefighters holds lots of charity events and get-togethers.
Most often, a fraternity is a social club or group made up of men, but it can refer to any organization of people with something in common. At a college or university, a fraternity is a club for men that's by invitation only. Members of these frats, as they are called, often live together in one house and socialize primarily with each other. Fraternity comes from the Latin word fraternitatem, meaning "brotherhood."
WORD FAMILY
fraternity: fraternities+/ fraternal: fraternalest, fraternally, fraternise, fraternity, fraternize /fraternisation: fraternisations/fraternise: fraternisation, fraternised, fraternising/fraternization: fraternizations/ fraternize: fraternization, fraternized, fraternizes, fraternizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gerard: Yeah, I drink Natty on weekends and was president of my fraternity, but I think there’s more to me than that.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
He says the fourth fraternity, Alpha Sigma Phi, is still under interim suspension.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It offers, he added, “a message of fraternity, of sharing, of welcome and solidarity.”
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 兄弟会; 大学生联谊会; 友爱
分布：兄弟会(69%)，友爱(24%)，手足之情(3%)，同人(2%)，兄弟般的感情(2%)
→来自拉丁语frater, 兄弟，词源同brother.
兄弟情谊[fratern=brother(兄弟)]
US [-'tɝ:.nə.tˌi] noun
GROUP 群体
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of people who have the same job or interest （有相同职业或兴趣爱好的）群体，集团
• the legal fraternity (= lawyers) 律师界同人
• the criminal fraternity (= criminals) 犯罪团伙
• The racing world is a pretty close-knit fraternity. 赛马界是一个联系相当密切的群体。
countable [+ sing/pl verb] (informal frat) US
■a social organization for male students at an American or Canadian college （美国或加拿大的）男大学生联谊会 Compare sorority
UK [frə'tɜ:.nə.ti] US [-'tɝ:.nə.tˌi] noun
FRIENDSHIP 友谊
uncountable
■a feeling of friendship and support 友爱，友谊
• He described sport as a symbol of peace and a means of promoting fraternity between nations. 他把体育运动描述为和平的象征和增进民族友谊的手段。
n. 友爱；兄弟会；互助会；大学生联谊会
 - friendship, brotherliness

Word: hypothetical
Front: hypothetical
[ˌhaɪpəˈθetɪkl] (宝 8049/8688 -1)
Vocabulary: hypothetical
(once / 2799 pages)
nadj
Everyone who has ever taken a science class knows the word "hypothesis," which means an idea, or a guess, that you are going to test through an experiment. A hypothetical is related to that. It means something based on an informed guess.
Hypotheticals are fun. How would you do in a hypothetical arm-wrestling competition against your Grandma? There are people in the Pentagon whose jobs are to consider all kinds of hypotheticals––what if Luxembourg armed itself with nuclear weapons? What if France developed the ability to pelt Switzerland with cannons firing cheeses?
WORD FAMILY
hypothetical: hypothetically, hypotheticals+/hypothecate: hypothecated, hypothecating/ hypothesis: hypothecate, hypotheses, hypothesise, hypothesize, hypothetical /hypothesise: hypothesised, hypothesising/ hypothesize: hypothesized, hypothesizes, hypothesizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first scenario presented a hypothetical man called Jeff who “works long hours and his calendar is always full.”
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
Transgender rights advocates called that a far-fetched hypothetical, saying a person would not approach a doctor who lacked suitable experience and expertise.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Fully 88 percent of those on the left supported a hypothetical two-state agreement.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 假设的，假定的; 有前提的; 爱猜想的; 假想
分布：假设的(71%)，假定的(29%)
→来自hypothesis,假说，假设。
US [-'θetˌ-] adjective
■imagined or suggested but not necessarily real or true 假定的，假设的
• a hypothetical example/situation 假设的例子／情况
• This is all very hypothetical but supposing Jackie got the job, how would that affect you? 这当然全是假设，不过如果杰克得到那份工作，对你又会有甚么影响呢？
adj. 假设的；爱猜想的
 - theoretical, if-then

Word: infancy
Front: infancy
[ˈɪnfənsi] (研六托 10935/9866 -1)
Vocabulary: infancy
(once / 741 pages)
n
Infancy is the earliest part of a person's life, when they're a baby. It's extremely rare for anyone to remember their own infancy.
An amazing amount of growth and development happens during infancy: babies learn to crawl, laugh, and communicate, among many other things. Infancy is vaguely defined, usually including the time from birth to about one year old. You can also use the word to mean "the very beginning of something," so if your lemonade stand is brand new, it's still in its infancy. The word comes from the Latin infantia, "early childhood," and literally, "inability to speak."
WORD FAMILY
infancy: infancies+/ infant: infancy, infants
USAGE EXAMPLES
The problem, such companies say, is that regulations on the use of drones - and about countering them - are still in their infancy.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Wearable tech, although still in its infancy, is booming, and companies are hunting for advancements.
New York Times(Sep 09, 2016)
"But the rebalancing process is still in its infancy and speculators want to position for that," he added.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 婴儿期，，幼年时代; 初期，摇篮时代; [法]未成年
分布：婴儿期(41%)，幼年(33%)，初期(26%)
→来自infant,婴儿。
noun uncountable
■the time when someone is a baby or a very young child 婴儿期，幼年
• Her youngest child died in infancy. 她最小的孩子在幼年时夭折了。
be in its infancy
■to be very new and still developing 在初期，在早期
• The system is still in its infancy. 这个体系尚处于初期发展阶段。
n. 初期；婴儿期； [地质] 幼年
 - morning, prime

Word: landlocked
Front: landlocked
[ˈlændlɒkt] (宝 24247/36487)
Vocabulary: landlocked
(once / 2706 pages)
adj
Something that's landlocked is completely surrounded by land, rather than by bodies of water. Oklahoma City is landlocked, but San Francisco isn't.
There are many landlocked cities in the world, and if you live in one of them but miss the time you once spent on an island in Maine, you may feel landlocked yourself. There are only 42 truly landlocked countries in the world, whose borders don't touch open ocean. Historically, most of these landlocked countries have struggled economically, since access to ocean shipping makes it easier to export goods.
WORD FAMILY
landlocked
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shrimp farmer in a landlocked city is not exactly what Minkowski envisioned for her life, but she’s embracing it.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
So they left their coastal city of more than 3 million for the landlocked prairie city of Winnipeg, home to around 720,000 people.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
They include landlocked Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi; Chad tops the list at $501 a month for a connection.
Economist(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 被陆地包围的; 内陆
分布：陆地包围的(56%)，内陆水域的(44%)
→比喻用法。
US [-lɑ:kt] adjective
■surrounded by the land of other countries and having no sea coast （国家）被内陆包围的，陆围的，内陆的

Word: insulin
Front: insulin
[ˈɪnsjəlɪn] (托宝 9128/7482 -1)
Back: n. 胰岛素
分布：胰岛素(100%)
→因提取于人体胰脏内的的胰岛细胞分泌物而得名，主要用于糖尿病治疗。
胰岛素(insul+in表示"…素",如;penicillin青霉素)[insul=isand,表示"岛屿"]
US [-sə-] noun uncountable
■a hormone in the body which controls the amount of sugar in the blood 胰岛素
• She has to have insulin injections for her diabetes. 她因患有糖尿病必须注射胰岛素。
n. [生化] [药] 胰岛素
 - trypsin

Word: laudable
Front: laudable
[ˈlɔ:dəbl] (托雅 19227/18635)
Vocabulary: laudable
(once / 2227 pages)
adj
Use the word laudable to describe something that deserves praise or admiration, like your laudable efforts to start a recycling program at your school.
When you break apart the word laudable, you can see the verb laud, meaning praise or acclaim, followed by the suffix -able, which is a tip-off that this word is an adjective. So laudable describes things that are worthy of praise, such as a laudable effort to end poverty, and it can also describe admirable ideas or beliefs, such as a laudable compassion for others.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
laudable / laudatory
Choose your words:
Acclaimed playwright-actor returns home for a laudable/laudatory cause
When it was published, the most laudable/laudatory review came from the novelist Anthony Burgess.
In the first sentence a playwright-actor comes home for a good cause, a praiseworthy cause. That's laudable. Though a positive word, laudable many times precedes a negative follow-up statement.
I soon realized that the efforts, though laudable, have a ways to go to meet the standard being set in my hometown.
Cutting taxes laudable, but some city needs must be addressed
In the second sentence, Burgess gave a positive review of the it mentioned. The review itself isn't being described as praiseworthy, the review was doing the praising. We want laudatory here.
A trio of laudatory articles on Amazon in recent days compelled one to take another look at the company's performance.
Thomas Keneally wrote a laudatory biography of Hasler in 1993 titled Utility Player.
The difference to watch for between these adjectives is who or what is receiving the praise. If the noun that the adjective modifies is receiving the praise, such as a worthy cause, then choose laudable. Think able to be praised. If the noun is giving the praise to something else, such as a positive review of a book, then choose laudatory.
WORD FAMILY
laudable: laudability, laudableness, laudably+/ laud: laudable, laudatory, lauded, lauder, lauding, lauds/ laudatory: laudatorily/lauder: lauders
USAGE EXAMPLES
The goal might be “laudable,” the governor said at the time, “but increasing taxes to achieve this goal is the wrong approach.”
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“Digitization is laudable, but it never replaces the books themselves, which now need to be carefully studied and catalogued,” she said.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“President Obama is a laudable person to showcase and for Southern Californians to appreciate.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 值得赞美的
分布：值得称赞的(100%)
→来自laud,赞美。
值得赞美的[laud=praise(赞扬)]
US ['lɑ:-] formal
adjective
■(of actions and behaviour) deserving praise, even if there is little or no success （行为）值得赞扬的，值得称赞的
• a laudable aim/ambition 值得赞扬的目标／雄心
• The recycling programme is laudable, but does it save much money? 这项回收计划值得称道，不过它能节省许多资金吗?

Word: lavatory
Front: lavatory
[ˈlævətri] (高研四六 19680/7030 -1)
Vocabulary: lavatory
(once / 9448 pages)
n
A lavatory is a bathroom or a restroom. You should go to a restaurant's lavatory to wash your hands before dinner.
Lavatory is a slightly formal way to say "bathroom." Most people would never refer to this room in their own homes as a lavatory, although they might use this word for public restrooms in schools, hospitals, or other buildings. In the U.K., a lavatory is just a toilet, and its earliest meaning was "washbasin," from the Latin root lavatorium, or "place for washing."
WORD FAMILY
lavatory: lavatories
USAGE EXAMPLES
Public lavatories, which were not common at the time, were often just several toilet holes in a row built over a river.
Washington Post(Nov 15, 2016)
Their caution seem to be well-grounded, as people online have been less than enthusiastic about the unisex lavatory.
BBC(Oct 31, 2016)
B/E, based in Wellington, Florida, makes aircraft cabin interiors including seating, storage and lavatory systems.
Seattle Times(Oct 24, 2016)
Back: n. 厕所; 盥洗室; <宗>洗礼盆
分布：厕所(80%)，盥洗室(20%)
→来自leu,冲洗，清洗，词源同latrine,dilute,antediluvian.用于指厕所，洗手间等。
洗手间(lav+atory场所→冲洗的地方→洗手间)[lav,luv,lut=wash,表示"洗,冲洗"]
厕所(lav冲洗)[-atory 1.表形容词"有…性质的"2.表名词"场所,地点"]
n.厕所,盥洗室The rebels labeled the labor laboring in the laboratory and lavatory.反叛者给在实验室和舆洗室劳动的劳工贴上标签.
['læv.ə.tri] mainly UK formal
noun countable
■a toilet 厕所，厕所
n. [建] 厕所，盥洗室
 - john, convenience, bathroom, toilet

Word: monumental
Front: monumental
[ˌmɒnjuˈmentl] (宝 8275/9660 -1)
Vocabulary: monumental
(once / 1869 pages)
adj
Whether it's a monumental effort requiring vast amounts of strength or a monumental cruise ship with eleven floors and five sets of elevators, the word monumental describes something imposing or massive in size.
Monumental can also refer to something that's of outstanding importance or significance. A monumental decision for you would be one that changes your life — like the day you got engaged or when you decided to move to New York to be an actor. The word monumental can also be used if you're talking about a monument, a statue or structure commemorating a person or event. You might admire the monumental stonework on the statue in the town square.
WORD FAMILY
monumental: monumentalest, monumentalise, monumentalize, monumentally+/ monument: monumental, monuments/monumentalize: monumentalized, monumentalizes, monumentalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Activists cheered the government’s pledge for swift action, and the state-run news media called it a “monumental win for elephants.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Barring a monumental medical breakthrough in the field of organ replication, that means we need a national solution for our donation shortages—fast.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
The new year might be a monumental one for Fairey, who will stage “a big solo project” in Los Angeles.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 不朽的; 纪念碑的; 非常的
分布：不朽的(72%)，纪念碑的(24%)，作为纪念的(4%)
→来自monument,纪念碑。比喻用法。
US [ˌmɑ:n.jʊ'men.tˌəl] adjective
■very big 巨大的
• a monumental task 重大的任务
• a monumental waste of time 时间的巨大浪费
adj. 不朽的；纪念碑的；非常的
 - intense, eternal

Word: mishandle
Front: mishandle
[ˌmɪsˈhændl] (18835/33021)
Vocabulary: mishandle
(once / 11365 pages)
v
When you mishandle something, you make a mess of it. For example, a teacher who mishandles a classroom loses control of his students.
An entrepreneur who mishandles an important meeting at her bank might have lost an opportunity to borrow money for her business, and a dog trainer who mishandles an aggressive dog might end up getting bitten. When you handle something, you deal with it, and when you add the Old English prefix mis-, it means that you've dealt with it in a "wrong" or "bad" way.
WORD FAMILY
mishandle: mishandled, mishandles, mishandling+/ handle: handled, handleless, handler, handles, handling, mishandle /handler: handlers/handling: handlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He also accused the state Department of Children and Families of mishandling its child abuse investigation.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Thousands of people from the affected region accuse the government of mishandling the disaster and the payment of compensation.
Reuters(Dec 24, 2016)
Before Mr. Comey said that, it was believed that the F.B.I. was focusing primarily on the potential mishandling of classified information, a misdemeanor.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 处理不当（不力），错误地处理; 粗暴地对待，虐待
时态：mishandled, mishandling, mishandles
分布：马虎对待(50%)，粗暴对待(50%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，handle,处理。
verb transitive
■to deal with something without the necessary care or skill 对…处理不当
• The police were accused of mishandling the investigation. 警方被控调查不当。
vt. 虐待；错误地处理
 - abuse, mistreat

Word: overweight
Front: overweight
[ˌəʊvəˈweɪt] (高 6628/10207 -1)
Back: adj. 超重的; 过重的; 超过规定重量的
n. 超重; 偏重; 优势
vt. 使…装载过重; 使…负担过重; 在重量上超过
分布：超重(81%)，超重的(18%)，过胖的(1%)
→over-,超过，过度，weight,重量。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] adjective
■fat 肥胖的
• He used to be very overweight. 他曾经很胖。
• I'm only a few kilos overweight, but I just can't seem to lose them. 我只不过超重几公斤，不过这几公斤好像就是减不掉。
• an overweight man/woman/child 超重的男子／女子／小孩
Opposite underweight heavier than is allowed 超重的
• If your luggage is overweight, you have to pay extra. 如果你的行李超重，要另外再付钱。
adj. [交] 超重的；过重的
 - superheavy
vt. 使负担过重
 - load down
n. [交] 超重
 - superheavy

Word: swagger
Front: swagger
[ˈswægə(r)] (宝 14830/22396 -1)
Vocabulary: swagger
(once / 1422 pages)
vnadj
Picture the confident, maybe even arrogant way a pirate, a cowboy, or even a rapper might stroll around. That style of walking is called a swagger.
Swagger can also be used as a verb. After you ace a test you might swagger down the hall feeling pretty full of yourself. In verb form it can also refer to more aggressive behavior like bullying or intimidating others. Hopefully you wouldn’t swagger down the hall doing that though!
WORD FAMILY
swagger: swaggered, swaggerer, swaggering, swaggeringly, swaggers+/swaggerer: swaggerers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Cardinals are more solid than the Rams at several key spots, and they’ve got some swagger after their win at Seattle.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A national powerhouse under Don James, the Huskies spent much of the past two decades trying to rediscover their swagger.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
If anything, he’s just another regular Joe, robbing, killing and swaggering his way to the American dream one bullet at a time.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vi. 昂首阔步; 夸耀，炫耀
vt. 恐吓或欺负（某人）
n. 昂首阔步; 吹嘘，自大
adj. 〈口〉漂亮的; 时髦的
时态：swaggered, swaggering, swaggers
分布：吹牛(48%)，大摇大摆(34%)，大摇大摆地走(11%)，吹嘘(7%)
→来自 swag,摇摆地走，-er,表反复。引申词义昴首阔步，夸耀，炫耀。
【记】源于：waddle（n /v 象鸭子一样摇摆着走）源于：swag（n /v 摇摆）；wag（n /v 摇摆）；sway（v 摇摆）
US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
■to walk, especially with a swinging movement, in a way that shows that you are very confident and think that you are important, or to act in that way 大摇大摆地走，昂首阔步地走
• They swaggered into the room. 他们大摇大摆地走进了房间。
• A group of young men swaggered about outside the bar. 一群年轻人在酒吧外面大摇大摆地走来走去。
• His swaggering self-confidence irritates many people. 他趾高气昂的自负神态激怒了很多人。
UK ['swæg.ər] US [-ɚ] noun [S or U]
■a way of walking with a swinging movement that shows you are confident 大摇大摆地走，昂首阔步地走
• He walked out of the room with a self-confident swagger. 他大摇大摆、趾高气昂地走出房间。
• Underneath all his swagger (= way of acting that shows he is very confident and thinks that he is important) , he's actually quite nervous. 虽然表面上一副自命不凡的样子，但实际上他很紧张。
vt. 吓唬；趾高气扬地行走或行事
 - browbeat, gally
vi. 大摇大摆；吹牛；虚张声势吓人
 - hot air, talk horse
n. 大摇大摆；吹牛；威吓；下摆散开状的女式短大衣
 - fanfaronade, blague
adj. 炫耀的；时髦的
 - modern, fashionable, tony, in, ambitious

Word: queensland
Front: queensland
['kwi:nzlənd] (-/16143)
Back: 昆士兰州（澳大利亚州名）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: topping
Front: topping
[ˈtɒpɪŋ] (11189/19680 -1)
Back: n. 构成顶部的东西; 糕点上的装饰配料
adj. 杰出的，一流的; 高耸的
v. 加顶; 到达顶部(top的现在分词形式)
分布：一流的(46%)，构成顶部的东西(18%)，糕点上的装饰配料(18%)，动词top的现在分词形式.(9%)，显赫的(9%)
→来自 top,顶端，加顶，加盖，-ing,动名词后缀。后用于指给菜肴浇汁等。
US ['tɑ:.pɪŋ] noun countable or uncountable
■a substance, especially a sauce, cream or pieces of food, which is put on top of other food to give extra flavour and to make it look attractive （淋在食物上的）配料，淋上汁（尤指酱汁、鲜奶油等）
• pizza topping 薄饼上的配料
• a topping of toasted almonds 一层烤杏仁配料
adj. 杰出的，一流的；高耸的
 - outstanding, excellent, prominent, brilliant, splendid

Word: rejoin
Front: rejoin
[ˌri:ˈdʒɔɪn] (宝 10185/8538 -1)
Back: vt. 重新加入; 重返; 再回答; 与…再会合
vi. 重新会合; 重新接合; 答辩，回答
时态：rejoined, rejoining, rejoins
分布：再加入(72%)，反驳(28%)
→re-,再，重新，join,连接，加入。rejoin 回答，反驳
再结合,重聚(re再+join→再连接)[junct,join=join,表示"结合,连接"]
【记】re再，join（加入）－重新加入讨论－答辩；参考：enjoin（命令，吩咐）
verb
RETURN 返回 /ˌri:'dʒɔɪn] transitive
■to return to someone or something 重返；返回；与…再会合
• She rejoined her husband in Toronto, after her holiday in Paris. 去巴黎渡假后，她又回到了多伦多她丈夫身边。
verb
ANSWER QUICKLY 快速回答 /rɪ'dʒɔɪn/ [+ speech] formal
■to give a quick answer to what someone has said, in an angry or humorous way （以生气或诙谐的方式）回答，反驳
• "No, I do not have time to help you," he rejoined impatiently. “不，我没有时间帮你，”他不耐烦地回答道。
vi. 答辩；回答；重新聚合
 - reply, respond, answer

Word: utopian
Front: utopian
[juː'təʊpiən] (托宝 11534/15482 -1)
Vocabulary: utopian
(once / 29112 pages)
adj
If you're looking to relocate to a utopia, good luck! A utopia is an ideal society, and a scheme or vision for producing such a society can be called utopian.
In 1516, the English philosopher Thomas More published Utopia, a book about an island nation with the perfect form of government. This novel gave us the adjective utopian, which can be used to describe plans for or works of fiction depicting ideal societies. Dystopian literature, by contrast, describes nightmarishly repressive worlds. It's ironic that More himself may have conceived of his Utopia as a dystopia, or at least a satire. The name of More's novel is anglicized Greek for "no place" — which makes a lot of sense if you think about it.
WORD FAMILY
utopia: utopian, utopias
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Eyebeam was born at a time, in the late ’90s, when thinking around technology was naïve and utopian,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But in the New York of the 1980s and 1990s, clubs were somehow both utopian and forbidding.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The utopian communist idea competed directly with capitalism and lost.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 乌托邦的; 空想的; 不切实际的
n. 空想的社会主义者，空想家; 乌托邦居民
分布：乌托邦式的(72%)，空想家(17%)，梦想的(11%)
【记】源于：Utopia（n 乌托邦）理想中完美的地方
US [-'toʊ-] adjective
■relating to or aiming for a perfect society in which everyone works well with each other and is happy 乌托邦似的；完美世界的；以乌托邦为目标的
• a utopian vision 不切实际的想法
• utopian aims 不切实际的目标
adj. 乌托邦的；空想的；理想化的
 - romantic, fantastic
n. 空想家；乌托邦的居民
 - daydreamer, fancier

Word: totalitarian
Front: totalitarian
[təʊˌtæləˈteəriən] (宝 11541/15499 -1)
Vocabulary: totalitarian
(once / 5467 pages)
adjn
You can decipher the meaning of totalitarian by the first part: "total." It refers to a government with total power, one that exercises complete, even oppressive control over the people and their activities. (You can also figure it’s not nice.)
The word totalitarian first came about in 1926 as totalitario, an adjective to describe the Italian fascism of that time. The English form was adapted from the Italian to describe an absolutely powerful regime. Socialist leader Norman Thomas once said: "To us Americans much has been given; of us much is required. With all our faults and mistakes, it is our strength in support of the freedom our forefathers loved which has saved mankind from subjection to totalitarian power."
WORD FAMILY
totalitarian: totalitarianism, totalitarians+/ totalitarianism: totalitarianisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
For Mr. Mekas, the tenor of 2016 carried echoes of his early years, when he experienced both displacement and the rise of totalitarian regimes.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Rather than abolish Christmas, other totalitarians chose to co-opt the season.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
For so long we thought Big Brother was an all-seeing totalitarian dictator.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 极权主义的
n. 极权主义者; 极权主义
分布：极权主义的(67%)，极权主义者(33%)
→total,全部的，-itarian,缩写自 authoritarian,极权主义者。
极权主义的(人)(total全部,全部权力归一身)[-arian表形容词或名词"…的(人)"]
【记】total全部，itarian：政治权威具有全部权利－极权主义的
US [toʊˌtæl.ə'ter.i-] disapproving
adjective
■of or being a political system in which those in power have complete control and do not allow people freely to oppose them 极权主义的
• a totalitarian regime/state 极权主义政权／国家

Word: yardstick
Front: yardstick
[ˈjɑ:dstɪk] (托 16939/14283 -1)
Back: n. 码尺; 尺度
分布：码尺(75%)，衡量的标准(25%)
→yard,码，stick,棍，引申义准绳，标准。比较canon,gauge.
US ['jɑ:rd-] noun countable
■a fact or standard by which you can judge the success or value of something 评判尺度；衡量标准；准绳
• Productivity is not the only yardstick of success. 生产率并非成功的唯一标准。

Word: archaeologist
Front: archaeologist
[ˌɑ:kiˈɒlədʒɪst] (6264/8898)
Vocabulary: archaeologist
(once / 4513 pages)
n
An archaeologist is a scientist who studies human history by digging up human remains and artifacts. Lucy, the oldest human known to man — nearly 3.2 million years old — was dug up in Ethiopia by archaeologist.
We know about the history of the human species thanks to archaeologists who spend countless hours sifting through dirt and digging through ruins to find evidence of human life from across time. The word archaeologist can also be spelled archeologist. It comes from the Greek root archaeo-, for "ancient, primitive."
WORD FAMILY
archaeologist: archaeologists+/ archaeology: archaeologies, archaeologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This is the stuff architects and archaeologists need.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The British mystery writer’s second husband, Max Mallowan, was an archaeologist — respected in his field, but with nowhere near the renown of his older wife.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Besides the reliefs and statues, archaeologists dug up hundreds of stone tablets written in cuneiform letters containing everything from treaties to temple and palace records.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 考古学家
分布：考古学家(100%)
US [ˌɑ:r.ki'ɑ:.lə-] noun
 ADVANCED
■someone who studies the buildings, graves , tools and other objects of people who lived in the past 考古学家

Word: bedouin

Word: avian
Front: avian
[ˈeɪviən] (14609/34490)
Vocabulary: avian
(once / 16671 pages)
adj
Anything avian relates to birds. Avian flu is the bird flu, which birds can pass to humans.
Someone who flies a plane is an aviator, and that may help you remember that avian things have to do with birds. Feathers are part of avian anatomy. Laying eggs is the avian method of reproduction. Bird-watchers are avian experts who know how to tell birds apart. Ornithologists are also avian experts: they’re scientists who study birds.
WORD FAMILY
avian: avianise, avianize
USAGE EXAMPLES
The H5N8 strain of avian flu was found in Leicestershire and Somerset in two dead wigeons - a type of duck.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Earlier this month, the government told owners to keep birds indoors for 30 days to protect them from the highly-infectious strain of avian flu.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
Last week, the government told owners to keep birds indoors for 30 days to protect them from the highly-infectious strain of avian flu.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 鸟的，鸟类的
分布：鸟类的(100%)
n. 鸟
 - bird, jay, niao

Word: chilly
Front: chilly
[ˈtʃɪli] (托 8438/9759 -1)
Vocabulary: chilly
(once / 1031 pages)
1adj 2n
Did someone leave a window open? It's chilly in here! That word means "cold," and it can also mean that someone's acting in a frosty way.
The main meaning of chilly is cold, but this word is often used for emotions too, just like "warm." A warm person is loving and kind, but a chilly person is unemotional, distant, and quiet. Chilly people are often called "aloof" — another word for someone who's not acting like a people person. "After you turned them in for cheating on their homework, they gave you a chilly reception."
WORD FAMILY
chilly: chillier, chilliest, chillily, chilliness, chillys+/ chill: chilled, chiller, chilling, chills, chilly /chiller: chillers/chilling: chillingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
There was a genuine stodginess to the early exchanges here on a chilly, clear, post-festive evening in east London.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
For some folks, a chilly plunge into Lake Washington was the perfect way to start the year.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
That’s the unfortunate fate suffered by Daughter’s sophomore effort, “Not To Disappear,” whose chilly songs sound as desolate as a frozen tundra.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 寒冷的; 怕冷的; 冷淡的，疏远的; 使心恐惧的
级别：chillier, chilliest
分布：寒冷的(82%)，冷淡的(15%)，干辣椒(3%)
→来自gel, 冷，词源同cold,glacier.
adjective
COLD 寒冷的 (literary chill)
■(of weather, conditions in a room, or parts of the body) cold （天气、房间或人体）寒冷的，凉飕飕的
• The bathroom gets chilly in the winter. 冬天浴室变得很冷。
• I felt a bit chilly so I put on a jacket. 我觉得有点冷，所以就穿了件夹克衫。
• a chilly October day 十月寒气袭人的一天
['tʃɪl.i] adjective
UNFRIENDLY 不友好的
■unfriendly 冷淡的，不友好的
• I went to see the sales manager but got a rather chilly reception. 我去见销售经理，可是却受到了冷漠对待。
cool, icy, cold, chilly, freezing, frosty
这组词都有“冷、凉”的意思，其区别是：
cool: 指既不太热也不太冷。
icy: 多指风暴、风雪和水等冷得使人感到如刺如割。
cold: 最普通用词，强调缺乏温暖，使人不舒服。
chilly: 指使哆嗦的冷。
freezing: 指使人僵直，使东西凝固的冷。
frosty: 指雾气在寒冷物体的表面凝结成薄冰时的严寒结霜的温度。
adj. 寒冷的；怕冷的
 - cold, acold

Word: honourable

Word: comb
Front: comb
[kəʊm] (高研四六 7329/9845 -1)
Vocabulary: comb
(once / 543 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4v
A comb is a tool for smoothing your hair. You might pull a comb through your curls before you run out the door in the morning to catch your bus.
A comb is made of plastic or wood, with separate teeth that untangle strands of hair. When you use one, you comb: "I grabbed the comb so I could comb my cat before the photo shoot." Another way to comb is to rummage or search, the way you comb through your bag to find your car keys. The Old English root is camb, "crest" or "honeycomb," from a Germanic root that means "toothed object."
WORD FAMILY
comb: comb-like, combed, comber, combing, combs, uncombable+/combed: uncombed/comber: combers/combing: combings
USAGE EXAMPLES
True to his outsider form, President-elect Trump isn’t just combing through the ranks of the federal government alone to fill these posts.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
“Ten Questions For Fake News Detection” helps teachers and students comb through an article to find tell-tale signs of falsehood.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
She is tall, thin, with dark hair combed off her angular face.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 梳子; 梳棉机; 鸡冠状的东西; 蜂窝状的东西
vt. 梳理; 彻底搜查
vi. 涌起，卷起
时态：combed, combing, combs
分布：梳子(53%)，梳理(37%)，鸡冠(7%)，蜂房(2%)，彻底搜寻(1%)
→来自gembh, 咬，齿，词源同gem, 齿状结晶体，宝石。
n.梳子v.梳(理)The comb is combined with a bomb in the tomb.梳子和坟墓里的炸弹结合在一起.
US [koʊm] noun countable
FOR HAIR 用于梳头发
 IMPROVER
■a flat piece of plastic, wood or metal with a thin row of long narrow parts along one side, which you use to tidy and arrange your hair 梳子
■a small comb-shaped object which women put in their hair to hold their hair away from their face or for decoration 梳状发卡；梳状发饰
UK [kəʊm] US [koʊm] noun countable
CHICKEN 鸡
■a soft red growth on a chicken's head; a cockscomb 鸡冠
UK [kəʊm] US [koʊm] verb transitive
TIDY HAIR 梳理头发
 ADVANCED
■to tidy your hair using a comb 梳，梳理
• She combed her hair and put on some lipstick. 她梳好头发，涂了点口红。
• I've been trying to comb out (= remove using a comb) the knots in her hair. 我一直想把她头发上的结梳开。
UK [kəʊm] US [koʊm] verb transitive
SEARCH 搜寻
■to search a place or an area very carefully in order to find something 认真搜寻；仔细搜查
• The police combed the whole area for evidence. 警方为了寻找证据搜遍了整个地区。
• Investigators combed through the wreckage. 调查人员在残骸中认真搜寻。
search, comb, seek
这组词都有“寻找”的意思，其区别是：
search: 侧重努力和彻底搜寻某人或某地。
comb: 指像梳头一样进行搜寻，侧重费力和彻底搜查。
seek: 书面用词，使用广。指付出很大努力去寻找某人或某物。
n. 梳子；蜂巢；鸡冠
 - crista galli, cockscomb
vi. （浪）涌起
 - upsurge

Word: humility
Front: humility
[hju:ˈmɪləti] (托宝 9485/11492 -1)
Vocabulary: humility
(once / 565 pages)
n
Humility is the quality of being humble. If you meet one of your heroes and feel nervous and in awe for her, you are experiencing humility.
Humility comes from the Latin word humilis, which literally means low. If you feel humility in front of someone, you feel small in the scheme of things — that you are just a simple, insignificant person. Someone who spends his life taking care of others shows humility. Although it's related to humiliation (which makes you feel low in a bad way), humility is usually used to talk about a lack of ego.
WORD FAMILY
humility: humilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Southgate says some "humility" would "not be a bad thing".
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
But the public-health bureaucracy demonstrated no such humility, and its overconfidence showed how unprepared the world is to respond to biological threats.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Even so, a little restraint and humility should guide Trump as he finds himself buried in wish lists.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 谦逊，谦恭; 谦让的行为; 谦虚谨慎
分布：谦卑(46%)，谦逊(31%)，谦虚(23%)
→来自拉丁语humilis,尘土一样的，卑微的，来自humus,土，尘土，词源同humus,-ity,名词后缀。即把自身放在尘土一样卑微的位置，引申词义谦逊，谦虚。
谦让;低下(hum+ility状态→地的状态→低下)[hum=earth,表示"土,地"]
【反】hubris（n 骄傲）；hauteur（n 骄傲自大）；panache（n 虚饰；炫耀）
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■the quality of not being proud because you are conscious of your bad qualities 谦逊；谦恭
• He doesn't have the humility to admit when he's wrong. 他在自己犯错的时候不会谦虚地承认。
• They might be very rich, but it wouldn't hurt them to show a little humility. 他们可能非常富有，但是表现得谦逊一点对他们不会有甚么害处。
n. 谦卑，谦逊
 - modesty, humbleness

Word: intransigence
Front: intransigence
[ɪn'trænsɪdʒəns] (22509/19246)
Vocabulary: intransigence
(once / 20067 pages)
n
If you refuse to compromise with your sister about whose turn it is to do the dishes, your mother might accuse you both of intransigence. Intransigence is a stubborn refusal to change your views.
Inside of intransigence you see the Latin transigere which means to come to an understanding. People who show intransigence refuse to do this. Nations are often accused of intransigence when they refuse to comply with international standards or will.
WORD FAMILY
intransigent: intransigence, intransigency, intransigently
USAGE EXAMPLES
On one side was Mr. Kerry, venting years of frustration on behalf of President Obama and himself at what they consider Israeli intransigence.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Uber refused to apply for the permit, saying its intransigence was “an important issue of principle”.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Now their intransigence looked in retrospect like political genius.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 不妥协，不让步
分布：不妥协(75%)，不让步(25%)
【反】pliancy（n 柔软；顺从）
n. 不妥协；不让步；不调和
 - disharmony, dissonance

Word: mover
Front: mover
[ˈmu:və(r)] (10974/11742 -1)
Back: n. 原动力; 搬家工人; 鼓动者; 搬运公司
分布：移动的人或物(34%)，搬运工或公司(33%)，提议者(33%)
US [-vɚ] noun countable
MOVE POSSESSIONS 搬走财物 US (UK remover) (Australian removalist)
■someone who helps people move their possessions to a different place to live or work 搬运工人
UK ['mu:.vər] US [-vɚ] noun countable
DANCER 舞蹈家 old-fashioned
■used in descriptions of how someone dances 跳舞的人
• He's a great mover. 他是位伟大的舞蹈家。
UK ['mu:.vər] US [-vɚ] noun countable
SELL 销售 informal a product which sells very well 畅销商品
• These skirts have been one of our best movers this spring. 这些裙子是今年春季我们最畅销的商品之一。
UK ['mu:.vər] US [-vɚ] noun countable
SUGGEST 提议 specialized
■a person who formally makes a suggestion during a formal meeting or discussion 提议者
n. [动力] 原动力；鼓动者；搬运公司；搬家工人
 - motivity, impulsion

Word: mirage
Front: mirage
[ˈmɪrɑ:ʒ] (托雅宝 15917/19977)
Vocabulary: mirage
(once / 2806 pages)
n
Next time you’re traveling in the desert, make sure you carry plenty of water. That enticing pool of water you see far away in the distance may be a mirage, or an optical illusion.
A mirage is created when light is distorted by layers of hot air. A mirage that looks like a body of water is actually an image of the sky. Even if you don’t spend much time in the desert, you may have noticed this phenomenon when driving on the highway on a hot day. Under certain conditions you can see in the distance what appears to be a puddle of water across the road. You’ll never reach the puddle, however: it’s just an illusion. The word mirage can be used in a more general sense to refer to anything that is unattainable or a false perception.
WORD FAMILY
mirage: mirages
USAGE EXAMPLES
The scoreboards of prestige offer a handsome mirage of certitude, but our ongoing discussion about greatness remains unruly, public, perpetual and paramount.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
It’s a group that includes Nova, who turns 30 in January eager to show the stuff he showed in late summer wasn’t a mirage.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Nudanu also won two nights at the Mirage in Las Vegas.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 海市蜃楼，幻景
分布：海市蜃楼(77%)，幻想(23%)
→可能来自miracle,奇迹，引申词义幻景，海市蜃楼。或来自mirror,镜子，引申词义反射，反射体。
奇景,海市蜃楼(mir+age状态→惊奇状态→奇景)[mir=wonder,look,表示"惊奇,看"]
【记】mir惊奇，age－使人惊奇之物－海市蜃楼
【参】miraculous（adj 神奇的）；mirror（n 镜子）
noun countable
■an image, produced by very hot air, of something which seems to be far away but does not really exist 海市蜃楼，蜃景，幻景
■literary
■a hope or wish that has no chance of being achieved 幻想，妄想
• Electoral victory is just a distant mirage. 选举获胜只是一个可望而不可即的美好幻景。
n. [气象] 海市蜃楼；幻想，妄想
 - Dessert Mirage, Fata Morgana

Word: orientation
Front: orientation
[ˌɔ:riənˈteɪʃn] (研六托雅 3196/5179 -1)
Vocabulary: orientation
(once / 4819 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Orientation is all about the direction you're facing. A house can have an east-facing orientation. Freshman orientation starts you off in a good direction. Your political orientation means your political outlook.
Orientation is a relatively new word that was derived in the 19th century from orient, which means to point yourself in a specific direction. Hiking with map and compass is sometimes called orienteering, referring to hikers' use of those tools to orient themselves.
WORD FAMILY
orientation: orientations+/disorient: disorientation, disoriented, disorienting, disorients/disorientation: disorientations/ disorienting: disorientingly/ orient: disorient, oriental, orientated, orientation, oriented, orienting, orients, reorient /oriental: orientalise, orientalism, orientalist, orientalize, orientally/orientalise: orientalised, orientalising/orientalism: orientalisms/orientalist: orientalists/orientalize: orientalized, orientalizing/ oriented: unoriented/ reorient: reorientation, reoriented, reorienting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Note: Does not include additional $1 million appropriated for appointee orientation.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He remembers seeing a clock once, during a group orientation.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Kennedy was in Washington on Wednesday for Senate orientation.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 方向，定位，取向，排列方向; 任职培训; （外交等的）方针[态度]的确定; 环境判定
分布：定位(71%)，倾向(13%)，适应(8%)，情况介绍(5%)，信仰(3%)
→来自orientate,朝向，定位。引申词义定位，方向，职前培训等。
定向,定位(orient东方+ation→向东方→定位)[ori,orig=rise,begin,表示"升起,开始"]
n.方向,方位,定位,倾向性,向东方The traveller found his orientation with the aid of a good map.旅行者借助一幅好地图得知自己的方向.
US [ˌɔ:r.i-] noun uncountable
PREFERENCES 取向性
■the particular preferences, tendencies, beliefs or opinions that a person has 一个人特别的喜好，价值取向；信仰观念等
• We employ people without regard to their political or sexual orientation. 我们聘请员工时并不考虑其政治或性取向。
UK [ˌɔ:.ri.en'teɪ.ʃən] US [ˌɔ:r.i-] noun uncountable
AIMS 瞄准
■the particular interests, activities or aims of an organization, business or project 兴趣；取向；目标
• the company's new eco-friendly orientation 公司保护生态环境的新定位
UK [ˌɔ:.ri.en'teɪ.ʃən] US [ˌɔ:r.i-] noun uncountable
TRAINING 训练
■training or preparation for a new job or activity （对新工作、新活动的）培训或准备
• The department has arranged an orientation session. 系里安排了一次迎新活动。
UK [ˌɔ:.ri.en'teɪ.ʃən] US [ˌɔ:r.i-] noun uncountable
ARRANGEMENT 安排 formal
■arrangement or direction 安排；方向
• The building has an east-west orientation (= It is built on a line between east and west). 这幢大楼是东西向的。
n. 方向； [测] 定向；适应；情况介绍；向东方
 - aspect, way, quarter, guiding, adaptation

Word: relaxation
Front: relaxation
[ˌri:lækˈseɪʃn] (托雅宝 8062/4754)
Vocabulary: relaxation
(once / 1361 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
The noun relaxation describes the act of making something less strict. If your boss announces a relaxation of the company dress code, that means lots of happy people will be wearing jeans to work.
Relaxation carries many shades of meaning. It can describe being free from responsibility, like a relaxation of your usual obligations that comes while you're on vacation. The feeling of rest and peacefulness that can come from this freedom is also called relaxation. It comes from Latin: re- means "again," laxare means "loosen," and the suffix -ation means "the state of." So relaxation is the state of loosening something again.
WORD FAMILY
relaxation: relaxations+/ relax: relaxant, relaxation, relaxed, relaxer, relaxes, relaxing /relaxant: relaxants/ relaxed: relaxedly, unrelaxed/relaxer: relaxers/ relaxing: relaxingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
An excellent value with Dutch style and British humor, the Hoxton Amsterdam hits the sweet spot by balancing a hip vibe and relaxation.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“Now, instead of stressing about buying presents, I place more importance on relaxation and family time and I look forward to Christmas much more.”
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
He said Monday was for relaxation, as well as Tuesday.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 消遣，放松; 松懈，松弛; 放宽; [生理]驰松
分布：放松(66%)，松弛(26%)，消遣(8%)
休息;娱乐(relax的名词)[lax=loose,表示"松"]
noun
FEELING 感觉
uncountable
■the feeling of being relaxed 放松；松弛
• I go fishing for relaxation. 我钓鱼是为了消遣放松。
countable
■a pleasant activity which makes you become calm and less worried 消遣；娱乐；休闲活动
• Yoga is one of my favourite relaxations. 练瑜伽是我最喜欢的娱乐方式之一。
[ˌri:.læk'seɪ.ʃən] noun
RULE 规则
uncountable
■the act of making rules or the control of something less severe 放宽；放松；削弱
• I cannot allow any relaxation in/of the rules. 我不能允许任何放宽规定的做法。
comfort, ease, leisure, rest, relaxation, relief
这组词都有“舒适，安逸、悠闲”的意思，其区别是：
comfort: 通常指在摆脱烦人、痛苦的事情，或在要求、愿望得到满足后所感到的舒适。
ease: 指因没有担心和忧虑而轻松。
leisure: 专指闲暇时间或悠闲状态。
rest: 与work相对，强调水分除身心痛劳，不着重休息方式。
relaxation: 强调消除肌肉疲劳或思想的紧张状态，使身心松弛，得到休息。
relief: 侧重有消除痛苦、不适或困难的负担，常暗含不利因素已不存在的意味。
n. 放松；缓和；消遣
 - entertainment, occupation, recreation

Word: realist
Front: realist
[ˈri:əlɪst] (9945/10430 -1)
Vocabulary: realist
(once / 3657 pages)
n
Some may say you never expect good things to happen, but maybe you’re just a realist, a person who uses facts and past events, rather than hopeful feelings and wishes, to predict the future.
In art, Realist painters started a movement by depicting the world around them as it actually appeared, rather than painting flattering portraits of unattractive people and scenes too good to be true. You don't have to be an artist to be a realist — just consider limitations and anticipate that things that can go wrong will go wrong. The downside? Realists don't get to dream of the great things that could happen if everything goes right.
WORD FAMILY
realist: realists+/irreality: irrealities/ real: realer, reales, realest, realism, reality, really, realness, reals, reis, unreal/ realism: realisms, realist, realistic, unrealism/ realistic: realistically, unrealistic/ reality: irreality, realities/ really: reallys/unreal: unreality, unreally/unrealism: unrealisms/unrealistic: unrealistically/unreality: unrealities
USAGE EXAMPLES
This, according to a Soviet-born colleague of mine, is the socialist realist recipe.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Under the influence of doctrinaire realists, Obama concluded that the Arab world was not ready for democracy; it needed “strongmen”.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
He is a “tough-minded realist” who understands Putin, he said.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 现实主义者，写实主义者; [哲]实在论者，唯实论者
分布：现实主义者(88%)，唯实论者(12%)
→real,真实的，现实的，-ist,人。
US ['ri:.ə-] noun countable
THOUGHT 注重
■someone who hopes for or accepts only what seems possible or likely, and does not hope for or expect more 现实主义者；务实的人；注重实际的人
• I'm a realist - I knew there was no way I could win, so I swam for a good finish, for points. 我是个现实主义者——我知道我根本赢不了，所以我只想着尽可能快地游到终点，拿到积分。
UK ['rɪə.lɪst] US ['ri:.ə-] noun countable
ART 艺术家 specialized
■an artist, writer, etc. who represents life as it really is, rather than in an imagined way 现实主义作家（或艺术家）；写实主义作家（或艺术家）
n. 现实主义者；实在论者
 - actualist

Word: skyline
Front: skyline
[ˈskaɪlaɪn] (9513/12103 -1)
Back: n. 地平线; （以天空为背景的）轮廓线; 架空索; 展览会场的顶层
vt. 天空映衬出…的轮廓
分布：地平线(92%)，以天空为背景的轮廓(8%)
noun countable usually singular
■a shape or pattern made against the sky, especially by buildings （尤指建筑物在天空映衬下的）空中轮廓
• You get a good view of the New York skyline from the Statue of Liberty. 从自由女神像上可以清楚地看到纽约的空中轮廓。
n. 地平线；空中轮廓线； [机] 架空索
 - horizon lines, horizont

Word: retrospective
Front: retrospective
[ˌretrəˈspektɪv] (研托 9036/8807 -1)
Vocabulary: retrospective
(once / 3058 pages)
adjn
Retrospective means looking back. An art exhibit that cover an artist's entire career is called a retrospective because it looks back at the work the artist has produced over many years.
Retro- means back, -spect- means look (think: spectacles), so the word means literally 'a looking back.' Many people take a retrospective look at their lives on birthdays or on New Year's Eve to evaluate events and see how well they've met their goals. You could call the yearly evaluation you get from your boss a retrospective review of your work.
WORD FAMILY
retrospective: retrospectively, retrospectives+/ retrospect: retrospected, retrospecting, retrospection, retrospective, retrospects/ retrospection: retrospections
USAGE EXAMPLES
Parsons School of Design organized a retrospective of their work in 1980.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
A retrospective CD, “Alone Tonight” was released in France in 2004.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
A greatest-hits collection released in 2006, “Twenty Five,” served as a career retrospective and facilitated his first major tour in more than a decade.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 回顾的; 怀旧的; [法]有追溯力的; 可追溯的
n. 回顾展
分布：回顾的(51%)，追溯的(21%)，向后看的(21%)，作品回顾展出(7%)
回顾的;怀旧的[spect,spic=look,see,表示"看"]
【记】retro向后，spect看，ive－向后看－回顾的
【反】anticipatory（adj 预料的；预想的）
US [-rə-] noun countable
■a show of the work an artist has done in their life so far （艺术家作品）回顾展
• a Hockney retrospective/a retrospective of Hockney's work 霍克尼作品回顾展
UK [ˌret.rəʊ'spek.tɪv] US [-rə-] adjective
■relating to or thinking about the past 涉及以往的；追溯的；回顾的
• a retrospective album of solo Freddie Mercury tracks 弗雷迪．墨丘利独唱歌曲回顾专辑
adj. 回顾的；怀旧的；可追溯的
 - nostalgic, reminiscent

Word: replenish
Front: replenish
[rɪˈplenɪʃ] (托宝 12129/14117 -1)
Vocabulary: replenish
(once / 1627 pages)
v
To replenish something is to refill it. If you have a pet pooch, you’re probably obligated to replenish his food bowl to avoid being barked at incessantly.
Use replenish when talking about something valuable or desirable, such as money or food. For example, you might discuss replenishing your bank account, but you wouldn’t speak of replenishing a trash can. You can also use replenish in a joking way to show that something is of value to you; by noting that the jar of jellybeans on your desk needs to be replenished, you indicate that you require jellybeans to survive your day at the office. We get that.
WORD FAMILY
replenish: replenished, replenishes, replenishing, replenishment+/replenishment: replenishments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Qarau’s commitment to replenishing the turtle stock involves monitoring them twice a week.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Not long ago, freshwater from the oak-forested mountains on the Iraqi border replenished the lake each year and rebalanced its salinity.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
The roots of legumes host bacteria that replenish nitrogen levels.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 补充; 重新装满; 把…装满; 〈古〉使牲口[人和动物]众多
时态：replenished, replenishing, replenishes
分布：补充(97%)，再装满(3%)
→re-,再，重新，-plen,满的，词源同 fill,plenary.
再装满(re再+plen满+ish→再弄满)[ple,plen,plet,pli=full,fill,表示"满,填满"]
formal
verb transitive
■to fill something up again 补充；把…再备足；重新装满
• Food stocks were replenished by/with imports from the USA. 粮食储备透过从美国进口得到了补充。
• Does your glass need replenishing? 你的酒杯要不要再斟满？
vt. 补充，再装满；把…装满；给…添加燃料
 - supply, to supplement

Word: tinge
Front: tinge
[tɪndʒ] (雅宝 14630/14082 -1)
Vocabulary: tinge
(once / 553 pages)
vn
A tinge is a slight amount of something, especially a faint color. If you wear SPF30 to the beach, you'll only come home with a tinge of tan.
If a painting has just a tiny hint of orange, then it was a tinge of orange. And you could say the painter tinged the picture with orange hues. Outside of paint colors, a tinge can mean a small amount of just about anything. Sometimes you hear about someone speaking with a tinge of sadness. That means there's just a little bit sadness showing in their words. A tinge will never bowl you over — it's always small and subtle.
WORD FAMILY
tinge: tincture, tinged, tinges, tinging+/ tincture: tinctured, tinctures, tincturing
USAGE EXAMPLES
If a casual viewer finds a tinge of rerun in this semifinal doubleheader of No. 1 Alabama vs.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The prospect of such disillusion and internecine squabbling may console liberals who fear a White House tinged with racism and quasi-fascism.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
The word she returns to — in fluent English already tinged with Liverpool’s distinct, and apparently contagious, long vowels — is “holistic.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 一丝痕迹; 色调
vt. 着色，使…带上色彩; 轻微的影响; 使…略为改变
时态：tinged, tingeing, tinges
分布：淡色(46%)，微染(36%)，一丝痕迹(18%)
→来自拉丁语 tingere,染色，着色，词源同 taint,tincture.
【记】源于：tint（n 色泽；v 给…淡淡地着色）
【反】colorless（adj 无色的）－tinged（adj 淡色的）
noun countable
■a very slight amount of a colour or of a feeling （颜色或情感的）一丝，少许
• His hair is starting to show tinges of grey. 他的头发开始显得有点花白。
• I have a tinge of regret that I didn't accept her offer. 没有接受她的好意，我感到一丝遗憾。
[tɪndʒ] verb transitive usually passive
■to contain a slight amount of 使带有一点
• Her joy at the birth of her son was tinged with sadness that her father had not lived to see him. 儿子出生带给她的欢乐中夹杂着一丝淡淡悲伤，因为她父亲没有活到看见外孙的降生。
n. 淡色；些许味道；风味
 - flavor, delicate colour

Word: thirsty
Front: thirsty
[ˈθɜ:sti] (中高 10308/11904 -K1)
Vocabulary: thirsty
(once / 857 pages)
adj
When you're thirty, you crave liquids. Thirsty people want a drink.
To be thirsty is to feel like you need to drink something. People tend to get more thirsty on very hot days or during exercise, when a lot of their body's fluid is being sweated out. Eating can also make you thirsty, and so can waking up in the morning. The word thirsty comes from the Proto-Indo-European root ters, or "dry."
WORD FAMILY
thirsty: thirstier, thirstiest, thirstily, thirstiness+/thirst: thirsted, thirster, thirsting, thirsts, thirsty /thirster: thirsters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The group plays the Thirsty Devil from 6 until 9 p.m. and the Stables from 9 p.m. until close.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The segment might be fashion-forward, but as a whole it’s a thirsty bunch.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
To get their craft beers into the hands of thirsty customers, the partners contracted to brew batches at Lazy Magnolia Brewing Co. in Kiln.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 口渴的; 渴望（求）…的; 干旱的，缺水的; 耗油的
级别：thirstier, thirstiest
分布：口渴的(75%)，渴望的(25%)
→来自 thirst,口渴，干渴。
a.口渴的;(for)渴望的,热望的He was thirsty for news.他渴望消息.
US ['θɝ:-] adjective
NEED FOR DRINK 口渴的
 ESSENTIAL
■needing to drink 口渴的
• I felt/was hot and thirsty after my game of squash. 壁球比赛后，我又热又渴。
UK ['θɜ:.sti] US ['θɝ:-] adjective
WISH 渴望 literary
■Someone who is thirsty for power,knowledge, etc. wants to have it very much. 渴求（权力、知识等）的
adj. 口渴的，口干的；渴望的，热望的
 - dry, eager, hungry, anxious, desired

Word: stooge
Front: stooge
[stu:dʒ] (27082/34234)
Back: n. 喜剧里的配角或丑角，助手，伙伴
vi. 充当配角
时态：stooged, stooging, stooges
分布：傀儡(42%)，助手(27%)，喜剧里的配角(13%)，做配角(9%)，充当傀儡(9%)
disapproving
noun countable
■a person who is forced or paid by someone in authority to do an unpleasant or secret job for them 傀儡；走狗，奴才
• The newly appointed mayor is widely regarded as a government stooge. 人们普遍认为新任命的市长是政府的傀儡。
■an actor in a funny show in the theatre or on television whose job is to allow the main actor to make him or her look silly （滑稽表演中的）逗趣配角，丑角
n. 喜剧里的配角或丑角；助手；傀儡；密探
 - friend, assistant, aid
vi. 充当配角；巡航
 - cruise

Word: taper
Front: taper
[ˈteɪpə(r)] (六宝 17027/14001 -1)
Vocabulary: taper
(once / 816 pages)
1vn 2n
To taper is to gradually grow smaller or more narrow or less intense. Taper is often used with the word "off." Part of the power of the Vietnam Memorial is in how the two walls appear to "taper off" into infinity.
It's a rare breed of person who can keep fighting for days and days and days. For most people, the desire for battle tapers off with time and exhaustion. The derivation of the word taper from the Latin papyrus is interesting but takes a while to explain. Your interest would taper off before I finished explaining it. The fact that a road appears to taper off into the distance is an optical illusion: It doesn't actually get narrower. It just appears to taper off.
WORD FAMILY
taper: tapered, tapering, tapers+/tapering: taperings
USAGE EXAMPLES
County officials say that height would be focused along Wisconsin Avenue, tapering down as it reaches residential streets.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Called a radome, it was a tapering multifaceted structure of interlocking triangles rising more than 400 feet.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Different decorative motifs proceed down the tapered legs, which resemble inverted obelisks.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 逐渐变细，变尖; 逐渐减弱
n. 细蜡烛; 灯芯; 锥形物
时态：tapered, tapering, tapers
分布：尖细的(25%)，小蜡烛(15%)，逐渐消失(10%)，划分等级的(10%)，蜡芯(10%)，尖锥形(10%)，渐弱(10%)，逐渐变小(10%)
→来自古英语 taper,灯芯，蜡烛，异化自拉丁语 papyrus,纸莎草，词源同 paper.因过去用纸莎草 芯做灯芯而引申该词义，后进一步引申词义锥形物，逐渐变细等。
【记】源于：paper。Taper一个东西，使它变成paper。
US [-pɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to become gradually narrower at one end, or to make something do this （使）一端逐渐变窄
• Turn left where the road tapers (off) into a track. 走到这条路变窄成一条小径的地方，向左转。
UK ['teɪ.pər] US [-pɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  taper off
■to become gradually smaller or less frequent 逐渐变小；逐步减弱
• Her voice tapered off as she realized everyone was listening. 当她意识到大家都在听时，她的声音就越来越小了。
• Sales have gradually tapered off. 销售额逐渐下滑。
UK ['teɪ.pər] US [-pɚ] noun countable
■a very thin candle, or a long thin piece of string covered in wax or a very thin strip of wood used especially in the past for lighting candles, fires, etc. 细枝小蜡烛；点火木片；灯芯；烛芯
n. 细蜡烛，烛芯；逐渐变弱；锥形物
 - candlewick
vi. 逐渐减少；逐渐变弱
 - drop away
vt. 逐渐减少；使成锥形
 - cone, drop away

Word: amino
Front: amino
[ə'miːnəʊ] (12045/8337)
Back: adj. <化>氨基的
分布：氨基的(91%)，表示“氨基”(9%)
adj. [化学] 氨基的
 - amido
n. [化学] 氨基
 - amidogen

Word: wizard
Front: wizard
[ˈwɪzəd] (9502/10332 -1)
Back: n. 男巫; 行家; 奇才; 向导（程序）
分布：术士(88%)，鬼才(12%)
→wiz-,聪明，智慧，词源同wise,wit,-ard,人。原义为哲学家，圣人，后用于指知晓未来的人，男巫，术士。
US [-ɚd] noun countable
■a man who is believed to have magical powers and who uses them to harm or help other people 男巫，术士
■(also wiz) informal
■someone who is an expert at something or who has great ability in a particular subject （某方面的）行家，奇才，高手
• a computer wizard 电脑高手
• Your mother's a wizard at Scrabble. 你妈妈是一个拼字游戏的能手。
n. 男巫；术士；奇才
 - warlock, wiz
adj. 男巫的；巫术的
 - mediumistic

Word: bis
Front: bis
[bɪs] (22655/28182)
Back: adv. 二度，二回
分布：重复(40%)，两次(20%)，再演一次(20%)，再来一个(20%)

Word: unaffected
Front: unaffected
[ˌʌnəˈfektɪd] (宝 13116/8595 -1)
Vocabulary: unaffected
(once / 1426 pages)
1adj 2adj
When bad weather or a mean aunt or some other force takes over and you still don't change, you're unaffected. If your party was unaffected by the rain and Aunt Emma's no-fun attitude, then everyone probably had a good time.
Unaffected has other meanings, too. It can mean natural and genuine, or unemotional. If someone says you're unaffected they could mean you're genuine; you don't put on an act for people. Saying you were unaffected by your favorite team's loss means you weren't upset by it.
WORD FAMILY
unaffected: unaffectedly, unaffectedness+/ affect: affectation, affected, affecting, affectional, affective, affects, disaffect/ affectation: affectations/ affected: affectedest, affectedly, affectedness, ill-affected, unaffected / affecting: affectingly, unaffecting/affectional: affectionally/ affective: affectively/disaffect: disaffected, disaffecting, disaffection, disaffects/disaffection: disaffections
USAGE EXAMPLES
The protest continued through the game, though play was unaffected.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The Namibian government, they say, will spread future money from the Germans to unaffected ethnic groups or, worse, simply pocket it.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Yet for all their fame and influence, Kahneman and Tversky’s own discipline, psychology, remained somehow unaffected by the first and founding insight of their partnership.
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 不受影响的; 不装扮的，无装饰的; 自然的; 不矫揉造作的
分布：自然的(39%)，不矫揉造作的(35%)，不受影响的(26%)
→un-, 不，非，affected, 受影响的。
【记】un不，affected（adj 受到影响的；做作的）
adjective
NOT CHANGED 未改变的
■not influenced, harmed or interrupted in any way 未受影响的；未受伤害的；未被打断的
• The west of the city was largely unaffected by the bombing. 该城西部基本上没有受到轰炸的破坏。
• It is hoped that train services on the main lines will be unaffected by today's industrial action. 人们希望干线列车的运行不会因今天的罢工而中断。
[ˌʌn.ə'fek.tɪd] adjective
SINCERE 真诚的 approving
■natural and sincere in your behaviour 真诚自然的；不矫揉造作的；真挚的
• For someone who has spent forty years in show business she remains remarkably unaffected by it all. 作为一个在娱乐圈了呆了40年的人，她仍然保持着惊人的纯真。
adj. 不受影响的；自然的；真挚的；不矫揉造作的
 - natural, spontaneous

Word: clarification
Front: clarification
[ˌklærəfɪ'keɪʃn] (托 11316/8909)
Vocabulary: clarification
(once / 10034 pages)
n
Clarification is what you hope to achieve when you make an idea or concept less confusing and easier to understand. This often happens after a detailed or very clear explanation.
Loudspeaker announcements in bus terminals and train stations are always so muffled and difficult to understand that it would be nice if you could at least find someone afterward who could provide clarification. In the realm of science, clarification is also the act of removing solid particles from a liquid so that it is more pure and, in some cases, so that it is transparent.
WORD FAMILY
clarification: clarifications+/ clarify: clarification, clarified, clarifies, clarifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
His aides did not immediately respond to questions seeking clarification.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
France’s governing socialist immediately demanded clarification, calling the reported amount “astronomical.”
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
When the agency contacts the counties for clarification, corrections staffers often don’t hear back.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （液体的）澄清; 净化; 澄清法; （意义等的）澄清、说明
分布：澄清(95%)，阐明(5%)
澄清;纯化[clear,clar,clair=clear,bright,表示"清楚,明白"]
解释,澄清(clarify澄清)[-ification表名词,由ific变化而来]
US [ˌkler-] noun countable or uncountable
■an explanation or more details which makes something clear or easier to understand 阐明，说明
• Some further clarification of your position is needed. 还需进一步阐明你的立场。
n. [化工] 澄清，说明；净化
 - explanation, notes, purification, legend, illustration

Word: castigate
Front: castigate
[ˈkæstɪgeɪt] (托宝 20051/18493 -1)
Vocabulary: castigate
(once / 6797 pages)
v
Use castigate when you mean reprimand but in an especially harsh way. If you take a mean teacher's books, even accidentally, you might worry that she's going to castigate you as soon as she finds out.
Castigate means punish, and punish harshly, but the punishment is always a severe scolding. Sometimes it means criticize severely. Politicians in the Senate are always castigating each other for their alliances and opinions. Castigate and chasten, which also means "to reprimand" but is less severe, share the Latin root castus which means "pure." Ideally, if you castigate someone, you mean to guide someone away from the wrong path and toward a more pure one. But it sure doesn't feel like that when you're being castigated!
WORD FAMILY
castigate: castigated, castigates, castigating, castigation +/ castigation: castigations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Castigating groups and engaging in "ladder raising" behavior is self destructive.
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
On Tuesday, Rachel Carroll Rivas, co-director of the Montana Human Rights Network, castigated Spencer for considering a run for Congress in the state.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Ms. Wen castigated “Ghost in the Shell,” tweeting about “whitewashing” and throwing in a dismissive emoji.
New York Times(May 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 严厉批评; 惩戒; 对…实施严厉的惩罚; 矫正，修订
时态：castigated, castigating, castigates
分布：惩罚(45%)，谴责(44%)，严厉批评(11%)
→caste, 纯的。-ig, 做，驱使，词源同agent。即通过批评使改正，纯化。
惩罚;严厉批评(cast+igate表动词→使...纯洁→惩罚[错误])[cast=pure,表示"纯洁"]
【记】cast扔，i我，gate门：向我的门扔石头一强烈谴责
【反】extol（v 赞美）；flatter（vt 奉承）
['kæs.tɪ.geɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to criticize someone or something severely 严厉指责，申斥
• Health inspectors castigated the kitchen staff for poor standards of cleanliness. 卫生检查员严厉地批评了厨房工作人员清洁工作做得太差。
vt. 严惩；苛评；矫正；修订
 - chastise, throw the book at

Word: deflate
Front: deflate
[dɪˈfleɪt] (雅 13622/14595 -1)
Vocabulary: deflate
(once / 2944 pages)
v
To deflate is to let the air out of something. If you deflate the tires on your brother's bike, he won't be able to ride it until he gets them pumped up again.
You can deflate anything that's full of air or another gas: an air mattress, an inflatable sled, a helium balloon, or the tires on your car. When something, like a hot air balloon, empties of air, you can also say it deflates. Figuratively, a person can also deflate when they are suddenly drained of self-assurance or cheer: "Hearing him criticize me in front of the class made me deflate."
WORD FAMILY
deflate: deflated, deflates, deflating, deflation, deflator+/deflation: deflationary, deflations/deflator: deflators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Police say the car crossed into Woodstock at about 2 a.m. and officers used a tire deflating device to stop the car.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
This digital bathos, the deflating consequence of an amoral algorithm, no doubt contributes to our general sense of unease about the social-media project.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
For food shoppers, 2016 was a back-to-the-future experience, with retail prices deflating for the first time since Lyndon Johnson was president.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: v. 放气; 瘪下来; 使泄气; 紧缩
时态：deflated, deflating, deflates
分布：紧缩(37%)，放气(34%)，泄气(18%)，降低(11%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。-flat, 膨胀，鼓气，词源同blow, inflate.
放气;紧缩(de去掉+flat+e→出气→放气)[flat=blow,表示"吹"]
verb
MAKE SMALLER 使变小
intransitive or transitive
■If something which has air or gas inside it deflates, or is deflated, it becomes smaller because it loses the air or gas （使）变瘪；给…放气
• to deflate a balloon/tyre 给气球／轮胎放气
[dɪ'fleɪt] verb
WEAKEN 削弱
transitive often passive
■to cause something to become weaker 削弱；使受挫
• The party's ambitions have been rather deflated by the two recent by-election defeats. 最近的两次补选失利使该党的雄心受到了不小打击。
[dɪ'fleɪt] verb
LESS CONFIDENT 失去信心
transitive often passive
■to make someone lose confidence or feel less important 使灰心，使泄气
• They were totally deflated by losing the match. 他们输掉比赛后彻底丧失了信心。
[dɪ'fleɪt] verb
MONEY 钱
transitive
■to reduce the supply of money in an economy 使货币紧缩，使通货紧缩
vt. 放气；使缩小；紧缩通货；打击；使泄气
 - dong, air escape
vi. 缩小；物价下降
 - reduce, zoom out

Word: flutter
Front: flutter
[ˈflʌtə(r)] (六雅宝 8041/9044 -1)
Vocabulary: flutter
(once / 330 pages)
1vn 2n
Flutter means to move back and forth rapidly. Flags flutter in the wind. Leaves flutter to the ground. Flutter also exists as a noun—you might feel a flutter in your heart when you're excited.
To remember flutter, think of the children's rhyme, "See the butterfly flutter by." Flutter is often paired with "flit," to describe the way that birds and insects fly––they flit and flutter. It can also be used to describe indecision—someone who can't make up their mind might flutter between two choices.
WORD FAMILY
flutter: fluttered, fluttering, flutters+/fluttering: flutterings
USAGE EXAMPLES
His doves, Divinity and Majesty, flutter in an ornate white cage on the viewing balcony above.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Its flags flutter over the checkpoints along the newly liberated rural roads and at the military bases closest to the front lines.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Boyd explains that his pursuit of Nabokov involved “wielding a variety of nets, in different seasons and terrains, panting with effort while he flutters free.”
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 飘动; 鼓翼
vt. & vi. 振翼，拍翅膀; 烦扰，坐立不安; （旗帜）飘扬
n. 紧张，激动不安; 颤振; 飘扬; （身体部分的）病态阵跳
时态：fluttered, fluttering, flutters
分布：振翼(38%)，摆动(31%)，烦扰(26%)，使心烦；使焦虑(5%)
→来自float, 浮动，波动。-er, 表反复。引申词义颤动，慌乱。或来自辅音丛fl, 扑腾，拍打，拟声词，词源同flap, flip, flounce.
【记】flatter是拍马屁；flutter是拍翅膀
US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] verb
MOVE 移动
intransitive or transitive
■to make a series of quick delicate movements up and down or from side to side, or to cause something to do this （使）飘动，挥动，颤动；拍（翅）；鼓（翼）
• Brightly coloured flags were fluttering in the breeze. 鲜艳的彩旗在微风中飘扬。
• Leaves fluttered down onto the path. 树叶飘落到小径上。
• Butterflies fluttered about in the sunshine. 蝴蝶在阳光下翩翩飞舞。
• A white bird poised on a wire and fluttered its wings. 一只白鸟立在电线上，扑打着翅膀。
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] verb
HEART/STOMACH 心／胃
intransitive
■If your heart or stomach flutters, you feel slightly uncomfortable because you are excited or nervous （心）怦怦乱跳；（胃）颤动
• Every time I think about my exams my stomach flutters! 每次一想到考试，我心里就不舒服！
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] verb
flutter your eyelashes humorous
■If a woman flutters her eyelashes at a man, she uses her charm and beauty to persuade him to do something for her （女子）抛媚眼，送秋波
• Go and flutter your eyelashes at the barman, Janet, and see if you can get him to serve us. 珍妮特，去跟那个男酒保抛抛媚眼，看看你能不能让他过来为我们服务。
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] verb
make your heart flutter
■If someone makes your heart flutter, you find them very physically attractive and you feel excited when you see or talk to them 使心怦怦乱跳
• James has been making hearts flutter ever since he joined the company. 詹姆斯进入公司以来，已迷得很多人为之心跳。
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] noun
EXCITEMENT 激动
countable usually singular
■a short period of excited activity 一阵兴奋（或激动）
• The publication of her first novel last autumn caused a flutter of excitement. 去年秋天她的第一部小说出版后引起一阵轰动。
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] noun
MONEY 钱
countable usually singular UK informal
■a small bet (= money risked) , especially on a horse race （尤指赛马中的）小赌注
• Aunty Paula likes to have a bit of a flutter on the horses. 宝拉姨妈喜欢在赛马上下一点小赌注。
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] noun
MOVEMENT 动作
only singular
■a quick up-and-down movement 振动；颤动；忽闪
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] noun
all of a flutter
■in a state of nervous excitement 紧张兴奋
• Peter was coming round for dinner and I was all of a flutter. 彼得要来吃晚饭，我既紧张又兴奋。
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] noun
in a flutter
■in a confused and excited state 兴奋不安
• When economic statistics are first published they grab headlines and put markets in a flutter. 经济统计资料一公布就登上了报纸头条，并引起市场一阵骚动。
vi. 飘动；鼓翼；烦扰
 - fan, float
vt. 拍；使焦急；使飘动
 - stream
n. 摆动；鼓翼；烦扰
 - swing, bob

Word: led

Word: northwest
Front: northwest
['nɔ:θ'west] (高研四六 3403/14975)
Back: n. 西北，西北方向; 西北部
adj. 在西北的; 西北部的; 向西北的; （风、光线）来自西北方的
adv. 自西北地
分布：西北(83%)，西北方(6%)，西北的(5%)，向西北(4%)，来自西北的(1%)，在西北的(1%)
n.西北方,西北部a.西北的ad.向西北,在西北The bird nests only in northeast, northwest, southeast and southwest lest it be found.此鸟只在东北,西北,东南和西南筑巢,以免被发现.
US [ˌnɔːrɵ-] (written abbreviation NW)
 ADVANCED
■the direction which is between north and west 西北向，西北方
• The wind is coming from the northwest. 正在刮西北风。
the Northwest
■the area in the northwest of Britain or of another country （英国或其他国家的）西北部
• the Northwest of Australia 澳大利亚西北部
• Most of the country's industry is in the Northwest. 该国的工业大多分布在西北部。
adjective adverb UK [ˌnɔːɵˈwest] US [ˌnɔːrɵ-/
■in or towards the northwest 在西北（的）；向西北（的）
• the sale of the company's northwest division 该公司西北分公司的销售情况
• Turn northwest. 向西北方向转。
• The town is/lies about 100 miles northwest of Las Vegas. 该城位于拉斯维加斯西北方大约100英里处。
adjective UK [ˈnɔːɵˌwest] US [ˈnɔːrɵ-]
northwest wind
■a wind that comes from the northwest 西北风

Word: jettison
Front: jettison
[ˈdʒetɪsn] (托宝 16098/18689 -1)
Vocabulary: jettison
(once / 10765 pages)
v
Jettison means to push to the side or toss away. If a boat is leaking or an airplane is running out of fuel, you can buy more time by jettisoning cargo, or throwing it overboard.
The word jettison — dating, in its nautical meaning, from the 15th century in English — is commonly used figuratively as well as literally. You can jettison a friendship or an attitude. During the month that the Winter Olympics are aired on TV, figure-skating fans across the country jettison homework and other responsibilities in order to watch.
WORD FAMILY
jettison: jettisoned, jettisoning, jettisons
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in the editing room the film once more refused to cohere—an occupational hazard when you jettison plot.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Then, after two more years, Mann published a self-lacerating essay in which he abruptly announced that he was jettisoning the project.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Schiaparelli, which was intended to test the technology for landing on Mars, suffered a glitch that caused its parachute to jettison too early.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 抛弃，丢弃
n. 抛弃; 投弃货物
时态：jettisoned, jettisoning, jettisons
分布：抛弃(61%)，投弃(25%)，丢弃(10%)，投弃的货物(4%)
→来自中古英语jetteson,抛弃，抛入水中，来自古法语getaison,抛弃，来自拉丁语jactare,来自jacere,扔，投掷，词源同project,eject.-aison,名词后缀，词源同-tion,action.
【记】jet（n /v 喷出），son（n 儿子）－喷出儿子－抛弃
【反】retain（v 保持）
US ['dʒetˌ-] verb transitive
■to get rid of something or someone that is not wanted or needed 把…作为废物抛弃，扔掉
• The station has jettisoned educational broadcasts. 电台已取消了教育广播。
■to decide not to use an idea or plan 放弃（想法或计划）
• We've had to jettison our holiday plans because of David's accident. 因为大卫发生了意外事故我们不得不放弃渡假计划。
■to throw goods, fuel or equipment from a ship or aircraft to make it lighter （船舶、飞机等为减轻重量而）投弃（货物、燃料或装备）
• The captain was forced to jettison the cargo and make an emergency landing. 机长被迫投弃机上的货物并紧急降落。
n. 投弃；投弃货物
 - jetsam

Word: luckily
Front: luckily
['lʌkɪlɪ] (8175/6875 -1)
Back: adv. 幸运地; 侥幸; 幸而; 幸亏
分布：幸运地(85%)，幸亏地(15%)
adverb
■because of good luck 幸好，幸亏，万幸
• Luckily, I had some money with me. 幸好我身上带了些钱。
adv. 幸好，侥幸；幸运地
 - happily, fortunately

Word: predate
Front: predate
['pri:'deɪt] (13758/19621)
Vocabulary: predate
(once / 20274 pages)
1v 2v
To predate is to happen or exist before something else. If you move into a house that already has a ghost, the ghost predates you. Boo!
If your interest in soul music predates your sister's, you loved it first. When you use predate this way, you can read it as a combination of pre-, "before," and date, "point in time." Another meaning of this verb is "to prey on for food," so you could say that your cat predates the mice that live in your kitchen. This definition stems from predator, from the Latin praedator, "plunderer."
WORD FAMILY
predate: predated, predates, predating+/ antedate: antedated, antedates, antedating/datable: undatable/ date: antedate, datable, dateable, dated, dateless, dates, dating, foredate, misdate, postdate, predate / dated: datedly, undated/dateless: datelessly/dating: datings/misdate: misdated, misdates, misdating/postdate: postdated, postdates, postdating
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most conjure the show’s themes with techniques that considerably predate Thomas Edison.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
In Thursday’s ruling, all nine Supreme Court justices agreed that projects predating mid-2015 would not be protected indefinitely under older, less-strict rules.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“It not only predates the discussion of the Second Avenue subway, it predates the subway, full stop,” Ms. Mirrer said.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: v. 提早日期，居先
时态：predated, predating, predates
分布：在日期上早于(100%)
→pre-,在前，早于，date,日期。
[ˌpri:'deɪt] slightly formal
verb transitive
■to have existed or happened before another thing 早于…存在（或发生）
• These cave paintings predate any others which are known. 这些洞穴图画早于其他任何已知的同类图画。
Compare backdate ; postdate

Word: playwright
Front: playwright
[ˈpleɪraɪt] (托 7605/11985 -2)
Vocabulary: playwright
(once / 1179 pages)
n
A playwright is someone who writes plays. Playwrights are also known as dramatists.
Just as a poet writes poems, a playwright writes plays. If the spelling of playwright looks odd, that's because wright is a word for a craftsperson or someone who builds things (like a shipwright builds ships). Given the juggling of characters, scenes, and plots in a play, you can see how writing a play is like building something. The most famous playwright ever in English is William Shakespeare.
WORD FAMILY
playwright: playwrights
USAGE EXAMPLES
Joseph is now a successful playwright and a professor at Columbia University.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
He feared younger or newer actors will get fewer opportunities to get the practice they need, and playwrights will see fewer works staged.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
August Wilson was a Broadway playwright when few others were.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 剧作家
分布：剧作家(100%)
→play,戏剧，剧本，wright,作家，词源同work,worker.
noun countable
■a person who writes plays 剧作家
n. 剧作家
 - dramatist

Word: suitably
Front: suitably
[ˈsu:təbli] (18372/6896 -1)
Back: adv. 适当地，适宜地; 相配地; 合适地
分布：适当地(100%)
恰当地(suit恰当)[-ably表副词"能…地"]
ADV
合适地;适宜地;适当地
You use suitably to indicate that someone or something has the right qualities or things for a particular activity, purpose, or situation.
例：There are problems in recruiting suitably qualified scientific officers for NHS laboratories...很难为国民医疗保健系统的实验室招募到资历合适的高级科研人员。
例：Unfortunately I'm not suitably dressed for gardening.不幸的是，我的着装不适合做园艺活。
ADV
正如所料地;情理之中地
If you say that someone or something is, for example, suitably impressed or suitably dramatic, you mean that they have as much of that quality as you would expect in that situation.
例：She flicked her eyes up to make certain I was suitably impressed...她抬眼瞟了瞟，以确定我不出所料地被打动了。
例：Her exit seemed suitably dramatic.她的退场很富戏剧性，但似乎又是在情理之中。
adv. 适当地；相配地；适宜地
 - properly, well, appropriately, adequately, duly

Word: salon
Front: salon
[ˈsælɒn] (6915/6730 -2)
Vocabulary: salon
(once / 413 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Use the noun salon when you talk about the place you get your hair cut. A salon is a good place to get a perm or highlights, to get your nails painted, or just to get a trim.
A salon is like a barber shop, only fancier. Most salons offer all kinds of beauty treatments in addition to haircuts, like hair styling and coloring, facials, and massages. Another kind of salon is a formal living room — if you invited guests for tea, you might sit and sip it in your salon. The word salon is French, originally meaning "reception room." In 1800's France, the meaning grew to include a "gathering of elegant people" occurring regularly in such a room.
WORD FAMILY
salon: salons
USAGE EXAMPLES
The salon, near an Albertsons and squeezed between Bauhaus Hair Studio and Dollar $mart on North Tustin Street, is under new ownership again.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Charles Stephenson, who cuts hair at the barbershop and beauty salon across the railroad tracks from the college, worries about his town.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The mansion includes a cinema, spa, hair salon and sports room.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 沙龙，客厅; 画廊; （营业性的）厅，院; 美术展览会
分布：沙龙(54%)，美容院(23%)，客厅(19%)，美术展览馆(4%)
→来自法语 salon,客厅，会客室，来自意大利语 salone,大厅，厅堂，来自 sal,居住地，聚 居点。在 17，18 世纪的时候，法国巴黎的贵妇人喜欢邀请当时的社会名流或文化人士在家 中客厅谈诗论画，因而引申词义沙龙，现也用于指美发厅，美容院等词义。比较 bluestocking.
US [sə'lɑ:n] noun countable
SHOP 店铺
■a shop where you can get a particular service, especially connected with beauty or fashion （提供服务的）厅，院，室，店；（尤指）美容院，美发厅，时装店
• a beauty salon 美容院
• a hairdressing/hair salon 美发沙龙
UK ['sæl.ɒn] US [sə'lɑ:n] noun countable
MEETING 集会 literary
■a meeting of writers, painters, etc., at the house of someone famous or important 沙龙（作家、画家等在名流家中的聚会）
• a literary salon 文学沙龙
n. 沙龙；客厅；画廊；美术展览馆
 - gallery, parlour

Word: sliver
Front: sliver
[ˈslɪvə(r)] (宝 11156/15256 -1)
Back: n. 条子，梳条; 细片，长条; 裂片; （作鱼饵用的）小鱼片
vt. & vi. 使成薄片; 使裂成小片; 裂开; 把…剖成长条
时态：slivered, slivering, slivers
分布：梳棉(54%)，裂片(30%)，剖成长条(8%)，细长条(8%)
→来自辅音丛 sl-,砍，劈，分开，比较 slab,slip,slat,slit,slot.引申词义小块，薄片。
【记】silver sliver银条
【反】slab（n 厚平板）
US [-ɚ] formal
noun countable
■a very small thin piece of something, usually broken off something larger 碎片，薄片
• a sliver of glass 一块玻璃碎片
• Just a sliver of cake for me, please - I shouldn't really be having any. 只要一小块蛋糕就好——我真的不能再吃了。
n. 梳毛，梳棉；裂片
 - combing, lobe

Word: skilful
Front: skilful
[ˈskɪlfl] (41260/8429 -K1)
Back: adj. 灵巧的; 熟练的; 技术好的
分布：熟练的(46%)，巧妙的(30%)，技术好的(19%)，=skillful.(5%)
UK (ALSO US skillful) ['skɪl.fəl] adjective
 ADVANCED
■good at doing something, especially because you have practised doing it 娴熟的，熟练的
• Police officers have to be skilful drivers. 员警必须能熟练驾驶车辆。
 ADVANCED
■done or made very well 出色的
• a skilful piece of playing on the clarinet 出色的单簧管演奏
adj. （英）熟练的；灵巧的；技术好的（等于skillful）
 - experienced, accomplished, clever, practiced, master

Word: theatrical
Front: theatrical
[θiˈætrɪkl] (7277/7768 -2)
Vocabulary: theatrical
(once / 622 pages)
adjn
If something happens on a stage, you can describe it as theatrical. Even reading a grocery list out loud can be theatrical, if you do it in dramatic voice with an audience watching.
An actor who works on Broadway rather than in Hollywood is theatrical, and a play can be described as a theatrical production. If it happens in a theater, or is related to theater, it's theatrical. You can also use the adjective theatrical to talk about behavior that seems like it belongs on a stage, like a little boy's melodramatic weeping when he discovers a cheese sandwich in his lunch instead of peanut butter and jelly.
WORD FAMILY
theatrical: theatricality, theatrically, theatricals, untheatrical+/ theater: theaters, theatrical /theatricality: theatricalities/untheatrical: untheatrically
USAGE EXAMPLES
PWR BTTM, the melodic and theatrical punk duo of Liv Bruce and Ben Hopkins, are masters of presentation.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It will include site-specific pieces incorporating theatrical backdrops used by the Freemasons in ritual performances.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Frank Sinatra played a theatrical agent who falls for a young actress, played by Ms. Reynolds, in this romantic comedy directed by Charles Walters.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 戏剧的，戏剧性的; 剧场的; 夸张的; 做作的
n. 戏剧表演; 戏剧演员; 戏剧表演艺术; 做戏似的动作
分布：夸张的(58%)，剧场的(42%)
→theater,戏剧，-ical,形容词后缀。引申词义夸张的。
【记】theatr＝theater（n 剧场），ical－戏剧的；矫揉造作的
【反】natural（adj 自然的）；restrained（adj 受限制的）
adjective
PERFORMING ARTS 表演艺术
■belonging or relating to the theatre, or to the performance or writing of plays, musicals or opera 剧场的；演剧的；戏剧（或歌剧等）剧本编写的
• theatrical make-up 戏剧化妆
[θi'æt.rɪ.kəl] adjective
BEHAVIOUR 行为
■describes behaviour that is not sincere and too extreme and that is intended to attract attention 演戏似的；夸张的
• a theatrical gesture 夸张的姿势
adj. 戏剧性的；剧场的，戏剧的；夸张的；做作的
 - affected, dramatic, scenic

Word: unfettered
Front: unfettered
[ʌnˈfetəd] (15926/18936)
Vocabulary: unfettered
(once / 4532 pages)
adj
The adjective unfettered describes something or someone uninhibited and unrestrained. If you write mysteries novels for a living you probably turn your unfettered imagination to murder and mayhem.
Unfettered comes from the Old English root word fetor, which was a chain or shackle for the feet. Un- means "not," so originally the word literally meant "not chained or shackled." Today there isn't much real shackling going on, so the adjective unfettered mainly describes something that is free or unrestrained. You'll see such uses as unfettered emotions, unfettered stock market growth, and unfettered speech.
WORD FAMILY
fettered: unfettered +/ fetter: fettered, fettering, fetters
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Syngenta does not pressure academics to draw conclusions and allows unfettered and independent submission of any papers generated from commissioned research.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The two halves of the painting closely mirror each other, a lattice of harmonious symmetry, while the whole buzzes in unfettered, electric lime.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
But a free press – one that is independent and unfettered – is crucial to a free society.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 被除去脚镣的; <正>不受限制的，不受约束的
v. 解放（ unfetter的过去式和过去分词 ）
分布：无拘无束的(72%)，被除去脚镣的(21%)，动词unfetter的过去式和过去分词.(7%)
【记】un不，fetter（v 束缚；n 脚镣），ed：无拘无束的
US [-'fetˌ.ɚd] formal
adjective
■not limited by rules or any other controlling influence 不受约束的，自由的
• In writing poetry, one is unfettered by the normal rules of sentence structure. 创作诗歌的时候，诗人是不受常规句法规则限制的。
adj. 无拘无束的；被除去脚镣的
 - free and easy
v. 使自由（unfetter的过去分词）；解开脚链；释放
 - diverted, freed

Word: verification
Front: verification
[ˌverɪfɪ'keɪʃn] (11069/10537)
Vocabulary: verification
(once / 4059 pages)
1n 2n
Verification is an extra or final bit of proof that establishes something is true.
To verify something is to make sure it's correct or true, so verification is an action that establishes the truth of something. Checking an ID is a verification of your age. Your bank will often ask for part of your social security number as verification of your identity. Scientists do research to establish verification for their theories. In all cases, verification is like a stamp of approval.
WORD FAMILY
verification: verifications+/ verifiable: unverifiable, verifiably/verified: unverified/verifier: verifiers/ verify: verifiable, verification, verificatory, verified, verifier, verifies, verifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Horn says he is working to help Arizona offer an online option to streamline the verification process there.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Then add an extra layer of protection by enabling two-factor verification on your accounts whenever the option is available.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
U.S. officials describe a range of steps that are required to authorize every individual airstrike, including verification of intelligence and a sign-off from military lawyers.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 证明; 证实; <哲>（指通过经验）证明（某命题正确）; 核实
分布：确认(84%)，查证(14%)，作证(2%)
【反】refutation（n 反驳）；verifiable（adj 能证实的）－fallacious（adj 谬误的）
VERB
核实;查证;查清
If you verify something, you check that it is true by careful examination or investigation.
例：I verified the source from which I had that information...我核实了我所获消息的来源。
例：A clerk simply verifies that the payment and invoice amount match.职员只是核实付款和发票上的数额是否一致。
VERB
证实;证明
If you verify something, you state or confirm that it is true.
例：The government has not verified any of those reports...政府还没有证实那些报告中的任何一个。
例：I can verify that it takes about thirty seconds.我能证明，这大约要用30秒的时间。
n. 确认，查证； [审计] 核实
 - confirmation, validation

Word: brad
Front: brad
[bræd] (-/22875)
Back: n. 曲头钉
vt. 用无头钉固定
时态：bradded, bradding, brads
分布：角钉(55%)，用无头钉固定(27%)，平头钉(18%)
→来自PIE *bhars, 刺。词源同bur, bristle.

Word: barbarian
Front: barbarian
[bɑ:ˈbeəriən] (托 14613/12139 -1)
Vocabulary: barbarian
(once / 545 pages)
nadj
Barbarian is an insulting word for a person from an uncivilized culture or a person with no manners. Barbarians aren't known for their etiquette.
Those barbarians — back in ancient times they were always invading and pillaging and generally unleashing their fury on the more "civilized" Greeks and Romans. The barbarian hordes are long gone, but we still use this word as an insult for anyone who's acting rude, uncultured, or particularly savage. If you pick up a whole turkey leg and start gnawing like an animal at the dinner table, the other guests might call you a barbarian.
WORD FAMILY
barbarian: barbarians
USAGE EXAMPLES
Likewise, a Utah State University guide to Rome claims that “barbarian forces overran western Europe, spelling the end of an era.”
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
At that big-ticket event, according to the Hollywood Reporter, he referred to Trump as a “barbarian,” while lavishing praise on the former secretary of state.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 23, 2016)
He said blacks were cannibals, barbarians and savages in Africa and it was foolish to think they would be any different in the United States.
Seattle Times(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: n. 野蛮人，原始人; 异邦人; 粗野的人; 无教养的人
adj. 野蛮人的，野蛮的; 异邦的; 未开化的
分布：野蛮人(82%)，野蛮的(18%)
→barbar, 拟声词，模仿含混不清说话的声音，既指野蛮人，也指外国人。
野蛮的(野蛮人说的话听不懂)[barbar=stammer(胡说)]
US [bɑ:r'ber.i-] noun countable
■a member of a group of people from a very different country or culture that is considered to be less socially advanced and more violent than your own 野蛮人，未开化的人
• The walled city was attacked by barbarian hordes. 那座筑有城墙的城市遭到大批野蛮人的攻击。
■disapproving
■a person with little education who has no interest in art and culture 无教养的人，老粗
• How can you call those barbarians your friends? 你怎么能把那些没教养的人称作朋友？
adj. 野蛮的；未开化的
 - wild, brutal
n. 野蛮人
 - Goth, Hun

Word: bankroll
Front: bankroll
[ˈbæŋkrəʊl] (27509/-)
Back: n. 资金
vt. 提供资金
时态：bankrolled, bankrolling, bankrolls
分布：资金(83%)，提供资金(17%)
US [-roʊl] informal
verb transitive
■to support a person or activity financially 资助，向…提供资金
• a joint program bankrolled by the U.S. space agency 美国太空总署资助的合作计划
n. 资金；钞票
 - fund, capital, bill, William

Word: efficacy
Front: efficacy
[ˈefɪkəsi] (托宝 6281/9115 -1)
Vocabulary: efficacy
(once / 943 pages)
n
The degree to which a method or medicine brings about a specific result is its efficacy. You might not like to eat it, but you can't question the efficacy of broccoli as a health benefit.
Efficacy is a more formal way to say effectiveness, both of which stem from the Latin verb efficere "to work out, accomplish." The effectiveness, or efficacy, of something is how well it works or brings the results you hoped for. A scientist does research to determine the efficacy of a vaccine or medicine under development. If it is efficacious, it will cure or prevent a disease.
WORD FAMILY
efficacy: efficacies, efficacious, inefficacy+/ efficacious: efficaciously, efficaciousness, inefficacious/inefficacious: inefficaciously, inefficaciousness/inefficacy: inefficacies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Last month, the first efficacy study of an HIV vaccine in seven years was launched in South Africa.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Good data about the efficacy of A.I. therapists is scarce, since the technology is so young.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
The vaccine showed 100 percent efficacy in protecting those who got it.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 功效; 效力; 效验; 生产率
分布：功效(100%)
→ef-, 向外。-fic, 做，词源同fact, effect.
功效,功能(ef出+fic+acy→做出来的结果→功效)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
['ef.ɪ.kə.si] formal
noun uncountable
■an ability, especially of a medicine or a method of achieving something, to produce the intended result; effectiveness 功效，效力，效能
• They recently ran a series of tests to measure the efficacy of the drug. 他们最近进行了一系列的试验来检测这种药的功效。
n. 功效，效力
 - effectiveness, virtue

Word: inflexible
Front: inflexible
[ɪnˈfleksəbl] (托 17102/13797 -1)
Vocabulary: inflexible
(once / 1593 pages)
adj
Something inflexible does not bend easily. A stiff back can make you inflexible, or unable to fold over and touch your toes. A really busy schedule can make you inflexible or unable to bend or accommodate your plans for others.
Combine the Latin root words in- meaning "not" and flectere, "to bend" and you have the very meaning of inflexible: not able to bend. Ballet is not for the inflexible or those people who simply are not bendy by nature. Compromise also is not for the inflexible, or those who are really rigid or set in their ways.
WORD FAMILY
inflexible: inflexibility, inflexibleness, inflexiblest, inflexibly+/ flex: flexed, flexes, flexible, flexing, flexure/ flexibility: flexibilities/ flexible: flexibility, flexibleness, flexibly, inflexible /flexure: flexures/ inflexibility: inflexibilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mortensen’s inflexible patriarch in the movie is an atheist who celebrates the birth of Noam Chomsky, not Jesus.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
The French league submitted the case to its disciplinary commission, warning that it will be “inflexible” in dealing with the issue.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Although Trump still insists that he will secure the border, though, he is not inflexible about the exact method for doing so.
Salon(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 僵硬的，不可弯曲的; 不屈服的; 不能转变的; 坚定不移的
分布：顽固的(33%)，不可弯曲的(28%)，僵硬的(19%)，不可改变的(11%)，不容变更的(9%)
→in-,不，非，flexible,有弹性的。
不弯的,不屈的(in不+flexible→不弯曲的;不灵活的)[flect,flex=bend,表示"弯曲"]
usually disapproving
adjective
■(especially of opinions and rules) fixed and unable or unwilling to change （尤指意见和规则）不可改变的，不愿变更的
• The prime minister has adopted an inflexible position on immigration. 首相在移民问题上采取了强硬的立场。
• This type of computer is too slow and inflexible to meet many business needs. 这种电脑速度慢、应变功能弱，无法满足多种商业需要。
adj. 顽固的；不可弯曲的；不屈挠的；不能转变的
 - resistant, stubborn

Word: mutate
Front: mutate
[mju:ˈteɪt] (宝 16289/21470 -1)
Vocabulary: mutate
(once / 2781 pages)
v
To mutate is to change, especially genetically. When plants mutate, their genes change in a way that makes them look, grow, or reproduce differently.
The word mutate comes up most often in biology, to describe the natural — or artificial — process of genetic change. If a scientist alters an animal’s DNA, for example, it mutates. Another way that scientists mutate organisms is in food production: often the genes in a plant are changed in a way that helps it resist insects or weeds, or makes it grow much larger than normal. The Latin root word of mutate is mutare, which simply means "to change."
WORD FAMILY
mutate: mutated, mutates, mutating, mutation +/ mutation: mutational, mutations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ebola is a complex and mutating pathogen, and no scientific triumph is ever final.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Some of the gametes might acquire a high load of these mutated mitochondria, leading to poor-quality tissues in the offspring.
Nature(Dec 19, 2016)
Genes that in people and other animals play a role in tooth production were mutated in sea horses and lost functionality.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使某物）变化; 改变; 突变; 变异
时态：mutated, mutating, mutates
分布：变异(60%)，突变(34%)，使突变(4%)，使变异(2%)
→来自拉丁语mutare,改变，词源同mutable.引申词义变异，突变。
变化,变异(mut+ate→变化)[mut=change,表示"改变"]
【记】mut变，ate一变化
【参】mutable（adj 易变的；性情不定的）
【反】remain the same（保持不变）；root（v 坚定不移；确立）
verb intransitive
■to develop new physical characteristics because of a permanent change in the genes. These changes can happen naturally or can be produced by the use of chemicals or radiation （遗传物质等）突变，变异
• These bacteria have mutated into forms that are resistant to certain drugs. 这些细菌已发生突变，对某些药物产生了抗药性。
■to change from one thing or type of thing into another 转变
• Jon has mutated from an awkward teenager into a sophisticated young man. 约翰从一个稚嫩的少年变成了一个久经世故的年轻男子。
vi. 变化，产生突变
 - vary, pass, change from
vt. 改变，使突变
 - influence, fashion, shift, vary, innovate

Word: mat
Front: mat
[mæt] (高研四六 5639/6419 -1)
Vocabulary: mat
(once / 752 pages)
1n 2nv 3nvadj
When you walk into someone else's house, it's polite to wipe your feet on the mat — the pad that covers part of the floor inside the front door.
A mat is a kind of floor covering, often smaller than a rug or carpet. You might buy a sea grass mat to put in your bedroom, or a door mat for your apartment entryway. You can also use the word mat as a verb, to mean tangle or snarl: "The dog managed to mat the fur on his belly by rolling around on the beach." The Old English matte came from the Latin word matta, "mat made of rushes."
WORD FAMILY
mat: mats, matted, matting+/matting: mattings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Prosecutor Mat Heck Jr. said Kettering police responded Feb. 29 to call about a possible break-in at an elderly resident’s home.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
And the Nissan Texas Titan, the floor mats and tailgate of which are emblazoned with the shape of Texas.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Massive Attack brought everyone down, then Patrick played African drums and guitar and then a flute and we all laid on yoga mats.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 席子，垫子; （体育运动用的）厚垫子; 衬边; 团，簇
vt. 遮盖，用垫子作装饰; 使…缠结; 给（照片）镶框; 使…表面无光
vi. 缠结
adj. 粗糙的; 暗淡的，无光泽的
时态：matted, matting, mats
分布：垫子(71%)，席子(22%)，编织(4%)，集结(2%)，铺席于 ... 上(1%)
→来自拉丁语matta,垫子，可能来自希伯来语mittah,床，睡椅。
n.席子,垫子The cat catches a fat rat and scatters the others under the mat.猫抓了一只肥鼠并驱散了席子下面的其它老鼠.
【记】主要记住形容词的意思。
noun countable
FLOOR 地面
 ADVANCED
■a small piece of strong material which covers and protects part of a floor 地垫，地毯
• Wipe your feet on the mat before you come inside. 你进来前先在地垫上擦擦脚。
⇒ See also doormat
[mæt] noun countable
TABLE 桌子
■a small piece of cloth, cardboard or plastic which is put on a surface such as a table to protect it 桌垫；衬垫
• a beer mat 啤酒杯垫
• a place mat 餐具垫
[mæt] noun countable
SPORT 运动
■a piece of thick rubber or other soft material used in some sports for people to lie or fall on （体育运动中用的）垫子
• Please remember to bring a mat and a towel with you to the next aerobics class. 下次上有氧健身课时请记得带垫子和毛巾。
[mæt] noun countable
LAYER 层
■a thick layer of something, such as grass or hair, which is twisted together untidily 一厚层（玻璃、毛发等）；（结缠的）一团，一簇
• The top few buttons on his shirt were open, revealing a mat of dark hair on his chest. 他衬衫最上面的几颗钮扣没扣上，露出一片黑色的胸毛。
n. 垫；垫子；衬边
 - cushion, gaddi
vt. 缠结；铺席于……上
 - entwist
adj. 无光泽的
 - lustreless, unpolished

Word: pamphlet
Front: pamphlet
[ˈpæmflət] (研六托雅宝 8959/6888 -1)
Vocabulary: pamphlet
(once / 493 pages)
n
A pamphlet is a little booklet with a soft (usually paper) cover that briefly addresses a particular subject of interest.
The word pamphlet comes from Pamphilet, from a Latin love poem that was popular in the 12th century. “Pamphilus,” the original Latin title, means “loved by all.” When the printing press came along in the 15th century, pamphlets became a good way to publicize your ideas — they were relatively cheap and you could print lots of them. They’re still used in political campaigns, and sometimes armies distribute pamphlets when they’re trying to communicate with people across a wide area.
WORD FAMILY
pamphlet: pamphleteer, pamphlets+/pamphleteer: pamphleteers
USAGE EXAMPLES
I remember a pamphlet that the government issued that told people what a tourist was, what you did with a tourist.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The last step is to shelve the books and find the proper storage for the pamphlets, which need acid-free envelopes and boxes for long-term storage.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
In 2013, New Directions published “Two American Scenes,” a poetry pamphlet, for which each writer contributed a piece based on obscure nineteenth-century American texts.
The New Yorker(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 小册子; 活页文选
分布：小册子(100%)
→来自希腊语pamphilos,众人所爱，来自pan-,众，所，philos,爱，词源同philosophy.现词义来自中世纪的一首爱情诗”Pamphilus,seu de Amore”，大意是“众人之所爱，何为爱”，amore,爱，爱情，词源同amateur.因这首诗流传如此之广，人们用小纸片大量传抄。后引申词义小册子，传单。
n.小册子According to the pamphlet, the current in the amplifier can be amplified to 3 amperes.根据小册子,在放大器里的电流可以被放大到3安培.
【记】pam＝palm（n 手掌），ph，let小－小手掌一样的小册子。
【参】leaflet（n 传单，活页）
noun countable
■a thin book with only a few pages which gives information or an opinion about something 小册子
n. 小册子
 - booklet, tract

Word: marital
Front: marital
[ˈmærɪtl] (研托雅宝 6246/6890 -1)
Vocabulary: marital
(once / 3074 pages)
adj
Use the adjective marital to describe something that relates to a marriage. You may envy the marital contentment of spouses who communicate well with each other.
When you pronounce marital, put the accent on the first syllable and use the short i sound: "MAR i tul." Now you're ready to ask people, "What is your marital status?" They'll answer that they're single or married, or possibly engaged, widowed, divorced, or living as unmarried partners. Marital comes from Latin: maritalis, meaning "of or belonging to married people," and maritus, meaning "husband."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
marital / martial
Marital and martial look almost alike, but the only time they overlap is when you declare war on your spouse. Marital has to do with marriage, and martial is concerned with fighting.
Marital comes from the word marriage. It means either related to marriage or to a husband and his role in a marriage (usually the first). It comes from the Latin marītalis, used to describe something belonging to married people. Although it's not very romantic, being married is a legal status, so the word marital shows up in court all the time:
New Hampshire's House plans to investigate whether grounds exist to impeach a marital master, a court officer that handles family court cases. (Boston Globe)
Overall, the pre-marital contract can prevent a bad divorce experience. (FiGuide.com)
On the other fist, martial is related to war; related to the profession of war; or the characteristics of a warrior. These meanings come from the Latin martialis, which is from Mars, the Roman god of war. Martial law is when the military takes over, and a martial art is something like karate or judo, as in these examples from the news:
Last week Bahrain called in troops from its fellow Sunni-ruled neighbours, declared martial law and launched a crackdown that drove the protesters from the streets. (Reuters)
An off-duty Houston police officer used a martial arts move to kill a man who had asked a bartender for her telephone number. (Houston Chronicle)
With marital, remember the connection to marriage in sound and spelling: mari- and marri-. When looking at martial, think of Martians from Mars, the Roman god of war. People in divorce court like to move the "i" to the other side of the "t."
WORD FAMILY
marital: maritally, premarital
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I can’t remember the last time I cared so much about the marital prospects of a fictional character,” A. O. Scott wrote in The Times.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
In Seattle a misdemeanor malicious harassment law extends those protections to include gender identity, homelessness, marital status, political ideology, age and parental status.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Ms McLaughlin's barristers argued that she was being unlawfully discriminated against due to her marital situation.
BBC(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 婚姻的，夫妻（间）的
分布：婚姻的(100%)
→来自marry,结婚。即结婚的，婚姻的。
a.婚姻的,夫妻之间的This is a book on marital affairs.这是一本关于婚姻的书.
US [-tˌəl] adjective formal
■connected with marriage 婚姻的
• They've been having marital problems , apparently. 显然他们的婚姻一直有问题。
• humorous You can't expect to live in a state of marital bliss. 你别指望婚姻会一直美满。
• marital breakdown 婚姻破裂
adj. 婚姻的；夫妇间的
 - married, matrimonial

Word: maze
Front: maze
[meɪz] (托宝 7688/9711 -1)
Back: n. 迷宫; 迷惑; 错综复杂; 迷宫图
vt. 使困惑; 使混乱; 迷失
分布：迷宫(95%)，迷惑(3%)，曲径(1%)，使迷惑(1%)
→来自古英语*masian,迷惑的，来自Proto-Germanic*masona,使混乱，迷糊，来自sme,刮，涂抹，词源同smear,amaze.引申词义迷惑，迷失，后用于指迷宫。
【记】源于：amaze（v 使吃惊）
【区】maize（n 玉米）；daze（v 使茫然；使晕眩）；gaze（v 凝视）；haze（n 薄雾；v 使朦胧）；raze（v 摧毁）
noun countable
PLACE 地方
■a complicated system of paths or passages which people try to find their way through for entertainment （供娱乐用的）曲径，迷宫
■an area in which you can get easily lost because there are so many similar streets or passages 迷宫似的区域
• The old part of the town was a maze of narrow passages. 旧城区通道狭窄，纵横交错，简直就是一座迷宫。
[meɪz] noun countable
RULES/IDEAS 规则／想法
■a complicated set of rules, ideas or subjects which you find difficult to deal with or understand 错综复杂的事物
• It's almost impossible to get through the maze of bureaucracy. 要逐一完成错综复杂的官僚式繁文缛节几乎是不可能的。
n. 迷宫；迷惑；糊涂
 - labyrinth, delusion
vt. 迷失；使混乱；使困惑
 - cloud, confuse

Word: rhino
Front: rhino
[ˈraɪnəʊ] (16492/13091 -1)
Back: n. 犀牛(=rhinoceros); <俚> 钱，现金
分布：现金(100%)
US [-noʊ] noun countable
■a rhinoceros
n. 犀牛（等于rhinoceros）；钱；现金
 - money, QIAN, pocket

Word: restate
Front: restate
[ˌri:ˈsteɪt] (16704/15043 -1)
Vocabulary: restate
(once / 5949 pages)
v
When you say something again, you restate it. If you give a speech, you might decide to express your main idea at the beginning and then restate it a second time, near the end.
Often when you restate something, you say it in a slightly different, perhaps clearer way, with the intention of really getting your point across. A teacher might sweetly ask her class to come in from recess, and then restate her request five minutes later by saying, "If you aren't inside when I count to 30, there will be no recess tomorrow!" The verb restate combines the prefix re-, "again" in Latin, and state.
WORD FAMILY
restate: restated, restatement, restates, restating+/ interstate: interstates/misstate: misstated, misstatement, misstates, misstating/misstatement: misstatements/ overstate: overstated, overstatement, overstates, overstating/overstatement: overstatements/restatement: restatements/ state: interstate, intrastate, misstate, overstate, restate, stated, stateless, statement, stater, states, stating, understate /stated: statedly, unstated/ statement: statements/stater: staters/ understate: understated, understatement, understates, understating/understated: understatedly/ understatement: understatements
USAGE EXAMPLES
ComScore’s chief executive, chief financial officer and chairman were all forced to resign, and the company will restate three years of financial results.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The United Nations, the Arab League, the European Union, Russia and the United States routinely restate their commitment to the concept.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
It was a position that was restated by his successor, Liz Truss.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 重申; 再次声明
时态：restated, restating, restates
分布：重申(74%)，重述(26%)
→re-,再，重新，state,陈述。
【记】re再，state（v 声明；陈述）
verb transitive
■to say something again or in a different way 重述，重申；（换种方法）重新表述
• He restated his belief that the sanctions need more time to work. 他重申，他相信制裁需要更长的时间才能产生效果。
vt. 重申；重新叙述；重讲
 - reiterate, ingeminate

Word: prius
Front: prius
['praɪəs] None
Back: adj. （处方用语）在前的
n. 普锐斯（丰田汽车品牌）
adj. 在前的（处方用语）
 - prior, preceding

Word: roller
Front: roller
[ˈrəʊlə(r)] (高四六 6161/6996 -2)
Back: n. 滚筒; 滚压机; 定型卷夹，塑料发卷; 巨浪
分布：滚筒(61%)，滚轴(23%)，巨浪(11%)，滚转机(5%)
→来自 roll,卷，滚动。
US ['roʊ.lɚ] noun
MACHINE/DEVICE 机械／装置
countable
■a tube-shaped object in a machine that turns over and over in order to carry things along or press them down or together 滚轴；滚筒；轧辊
• As the hot metal passed between the huge rollers it was pressed into thin sheets. 炽热的金属块从巨大的轧辊中穿过，马上被挤压成薄薄的金属片。
countable usually plural
■a tube-shaped device, often heated, that women use to curl their hair （烫发用的）卷发筒，发卷
• She answered the door with her rollers in. 她开了门，头上还戴着发卷。
countable
■a heavy machine used to make surfaces smooth and flat 滚轧机；碾轧机；压路机
• The men used a roller to flatten the tarmac. 那些人用压路机轧平柏油碎石路面。
⇒ See also steamroller
UK ['rəʊ.lər] US ['roʊ.lɚ] noun
SEA 海
countable
■a large, long wave on the sea 卷浪；长涌
n. [机] 滚筒；滚轴；辊子；滚转机
 - platen, tumbling barrel

Word: alluring
Front: alluring
[əˈlʊərɪŋ] (宝 14169/20157)
Vocabulary: alluring
(once / 1785 pages)
adj
Something alluring is attractive and enticing. Alluring things are tempting.
You might notice the word lure lurking in alluring — that's because alluring things lure people in by getting them excited and inspiring desire. Sometimes that's in a sexual way, like when someone wears an alluring dress that shows a little skin. But a homemade chocolate cake would be pretty alluring to a chocolate lover, just as free World Series tickets would be alluring to a baseball fan.
WORD FAMILY
alluring: alluringly+/ allure: allured, allurement, allures, alluring /allurement: allurements
USAGE EXAMPLES
A video features the alluring Thomas Edwards, of the Scottish Ballet, in a hawk costume, as he reimagines the play’s largely undocumented choreography.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Shades of red infuse the setting, accented with alluring handblown crystal light fixtures from Mallorca, Spain, where Maria was raised.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
So he created a device to deter them, and on Dec. 11 set up an alluring bait box containing the contraption.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 诱惑的; 迷人的; 吸引人的
v. allure的现在分词
分布：迷人的(73%)，诱惑的(21%)，动词allure的现在分词形式.(6%)
【记】来自动词allure（引诱），lure本身是一个单词＝bait诱饵
UK [-'lʊə-] US [-'lʊr-] adjective
■attractive or exciting 诱人的，迷人的；吸引人的
• I didn't find the prospect of a house with no electricity very alluring. 我无法想像，一幢连电都没有接通的房子会有甚么吸引力。
• She was wearing a most alluring dress at Sam's dinner party. 她出席萨姆的晚宴时身穿一件非常迷人的礼服。
adj. 诱惑的，诱人的；迷人的，吸引人的
 - attractive, killing, taking, absorbing

Word: yours
Front: yours
[jɔ:z] (中高 3156/2133 -K3)
Back: pron. 你（们）的东西; 你的责任[义务]; 你的家属; 来信，尊函
adj. 你（们）的（东西）; 信末署名前用语
分布：你的(85%)，你们的(15%)
pron.[you的物主代词]你(们)的(所有物)All good wishes to you and yours.祝你及你的家人安好.
US [jʊrz] pronoun
PERSON/PEOPLE ADDRESSED 所称呼的一个人／多个人
 ESSENTIAL
■used to show that something belongs to or is connected with the person or group of people being spoken or written to 你的；您的；你们的
• Is this pen yours? 这支钢笔是你的吗？
• Unfortunately my legs aren't as long as yours. 可惜我的腿不如你的长。
• I've got something of yours (= that belongs to you). 我有一些你的东西。
 ESSENTIAL
■used at the beginning of some phrases written at the end of a letter, before giving a name （用于信末署名前的客套语）
• Yours, Jack 你的，杰克
• UK Yours faithfully/sincerely , K. Maxwell. 你忠实的／真诚的，K.马克斯韦尔。
UK [jɔ:z] US [jʊrz] pronoun
PEOPLE GENERALLY 泛指人
■used to show that something belongs to or is connected with people generally （用于泛指）你的，任何人的
• Other people's children always seem to be better behaved than yours. 别人的孩子总是看起来比自己的更乖。
UK [jɔ:z] US [jʊrz] pronoun
yours truly informal
■used to mean the person who is speaking or writing, often when they are talking about something they have done unwillingly （常用于谈论勉强所做的事时）本人，鄙人
• She didn't have any money, so yours truly ended up having to lend her some. 她身无分文，最后鄙人只好借给她一些。

Word: technicality
Front: technicality
[ˌteknɪˈkæləti] (17209/14000 -1)
Vocabulary: technicality
(once / 4505 pages)
n
A technicality is a trivial or very small detail. You might consider your scuffed, unpolished shoes to be an unimportant technicality when you're dressing for a job interview.
You can use the noun technicality for any small point or detail, but it's most likely to come up in the context of a court trial or a conversation with an attorney. A legal technicality is a small but ultimately important detail of the law. For example, a robbery suspect might have his trial dismissed on a legal technicality if the arresting police officer neglected to show him a search warrant before searching his house.
WORD FAMILY
technicality: technicalities+/ technical: nontechnical, technicality, technically, technicals, untechnical/untechnical: untechnically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cynthia Baker, a law professor at Indiana University, said it’s not unusual for state officials to announce economic development plans before unveiling the technicalities.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
His name was removed from the ballot because of a technicality, Grant County Clerk Brenda Percy said.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The official even argued over technicalities, including how many weeks ahead of the Rome meeting supporting documents needed to be circulated.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 专门性，学术性，技术性; 术语; 专门事项
分布：技术性(78%)，技术细节(13%)，专门术语(9%)
→来自 technical,技术的，-ity,名词后缀。引申词义技术性细节。
US [-nə'kæl.ə.i] noun countable
■a detail or small matter 细则，细节，小事
• He was disqualified from the competition on a technicality. 他因为违反技术细则而被取消了参赛资格。
n. 学术性；专门性；术语，专门语
 - expertness, jargon

Word: backwater
Front: backwater
[ˈbækwɔ:tə(r)] (宝 15628/19038 -1)
Vocabulary: backwater
(once / 8068 pages)
1n 2n
Backwater is water that’s stagnant and out of the current. It’s a still pool created by a dam or a curve in the river. If a small town is described as backwater, then not much happens or changes there.
The word backwater has been around since the 14th Century meaning “water behind a dam.” Now it refers to any flat water, not just the water behind a dam. Backwater can also describe a place or situation that seems stuck in a rut, unmoved by current events. Literally, backwater is water that’s away from the current; figuratively, backwater is a place that’s away from current events.
WORD FAMILY
backwater: backwaters
USAGE EXAMPLES
China is no longer the poor backwater it was in 1972.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
The location is in Itaguaí, a rural backwater with a tradition of imported esoteric activities.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
Before the war, book publishing was a business backwater.
The New Yorker(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 回水，回流; 滞水，死水; 闭塞的地方; 不受外界事件或新思想影响的地方
v. 倒开船; 食言
分布：回水(78%)，穷乡僻壤(14%)，回水河汊(8%)
【记】back向后，water水－向后流的水－回水，死水
US [-wɑ:.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a part of a river where the water does not flow 死水，回水，滞水
• We tied the boat up in a quiet backwater overnight. 我们在一个静水处把船系好后过夜。
■disapproving
■a place which is not influenced by new ideas or events that happen in other places, and which does not change 与世隔绝的地方；落后的地方
• He grew up in a rural backwater. 他在落后的乡村长大。
Compare jerkwater
n. [机] 回水；死水；停滞不进的状态或地方
 - standing water, dead water

Word: beautifully
Front: beautifully
[ˈbju:tɪfli] (6205/4992 -K)
Back: adv. 美丽地; 漂亮地; <口>出色地; 完美地
分布：美丽地(34%)，完美地(22%)，出色地(22%)，很好(22%)
ADJ-GRADED
美丽的；漂亮的
A beautiful person is very attractive to look at.
例：She was a very beautiful woman...她是个大美女。
例：To me he is the most beautiful child in the world.对我来说，他是世界上最美丽的孩子。
ADJ-GRADED
美好的；极好的；美妙的
If you describe something as beautiful, you mean that it is very attractive or pleasing.
例：New England is beautiful...新英格兰很美。
例：It was a beautiful morning...那是一个美妙的早晨。
ADJ-GRADED
巧妙的；娴熟的；漂亮的
You can describe something that someone does as beautiful when they do it very skilfully.
例：That's a beautiful shot!射得漂亮！
adv. 漂亮地；美好地
 - nicely, handsomely

Word: burke

Word: buttress
Front: buttress
[ˈbʌtrəs] (宝 16275/16474 -1)
Vocabulary: buttress
(once / 1929 pages)
nv
You can buttress an argument with solid facts or your financial portfolio with safe investments. You may find that giving compliments to everyone you meet buttresses your popularity. To buttress is to sustain or reinforce.
A buttress is a structure that adds stability to a wall or building, and this innovation played a significant role in the evolution of architecture. Think of a medieval cathedral. It's an incredibly tall, open building filled with light from vast windows. Without buttresses supporting the walls and carrying the weight of the ceiling away from the building and down to the ground, this cathedral would be impossible. Picture this when you use buttress figuratively as a verb meaning to strengthen and support.
WORD FAMILY
buttress: buttressed, buttresses, buttressing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rather than buttressing a moribund status quo, the left needs to place itself on the side of change.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Their trunks, ten to fifteen feet in diameter, were braced with massive buttresses and knees.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Biography plays a central role in all political campaigns, with candidates deploying their life stories to buttress their arguments.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 扶壁; 支撑物
vt. 支持，鼓励; 用扶壁支撑，加固
时态：buttressed, buttressing, buttresses
分布：支持(77%)，拱壁(18%)，扶墙(5%)
→来自butt, 相撞，相接。-ess, 通常为阴性后缀，此处为名词后缀，见largess, 慷慨。
扶墙(butt树桩;把柄)[-ress 1.表名词,指"女性"2.表名词,指"物品"]
【记】读：8trees。用8棵树来支撑一面墙－扶墙
【参】mattress（n 床垫），mat席子
【反】contravene（v 反驳；违反）
noun countable
■a structure made of stone or brick, which sticks out from and supports a wall of a building 撑墙，扶壁
['bʌt.rəs] verb transitive
■to build buttresses to support a building or structure 建扶壁加固
• It was decided to buttress the crumbling walls. 人们决定建造扶壁以支撑将要倒塌的墙。
■to make support for an idea or argument stronger by providing a good reason for it 支持（想法或论点）
• The arguments for change are buttressed by events elsewhere. 其他一些地方的事件肯定了关于变革的想法。
n. [建] 扶壁；拱壁；支撑物
 - support, upholder
vt. 支持；以扶壁支撑
 - encourage, second, back, carry, hand

Word: consign
Front: consign
[kənˈsaɪn] (托雅宝 15519/11159 -1)
Vocabulary: consign
(once / 1010 pages)
1v 2v
The verb consign means to transfer permanently to another. You can consign ownership of your old car to your son, an act that will probably make you the "best parent ever" in his eyes.
Consign means to commit or relegate. Those platform shoes you still have from high school in the 1970s? You should probably consign them to the trash — of course, they probably should have been consigned in the 1970s! Consign can also be used if you turn over an object for sale where the business making the sale gets a percentage of the profits and so do you. If you don't like the art work you inherited, you might consign it with an auction house and use the profits to buy something you like better.
WORD FAMILY
consign: consigned, consignee, consigner, consigning, consignment, consignor, consigns+/consignee: consignees/consigner: consigners/ consignment: consignments/consignor: consignors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Consigning it to the past, to history, is difficult.
BBC(Dec 08, 2016)
“They were always upfront with me about their assessment of the painting and the sale,” said Richard Rush, whose family consigned the work.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Consigned to the gallery of eternal goats, he would soon be hanged in effigy, his No. 13 dangling from Brooklyn lampposts.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 委托，托付; 托运; 寄售; 用作，当作
时态：consigned, consigning, consigns
分布：委托(62%)，交付(30%)，放逐(8%)
→con-, 强调。-sign, 记号，标记。
委托;寄存(con共同+sign→共同做记号→把...委托[别人])[sign=mark表示"记号,信号"]
【记】con共同，sign签名－托运，托管需要双方签名
[kən'saɪn] formal
verb transitive
■to send something to someone 运送；投递；托运；交付
• The goods have been consigned to you by air. 货物已经空运给你了。
[kən'saɪn] formal
verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [often passive] consign sb/sth to sth
■to get rid of someone or something or to put them in an unpleasant place or situation 把…打发掉；把…置于，使…处于（不利境地）
• to be consigned to prison 被投入监狱
• After the financial disaster, she was consigned to a life of poverty. 金融危机之后，她的生活陷于贫困。
vt. 交付； [交] 托运；寄存；把…委托给
 - park, deliver over

Word: dolphin
Front: dolphin
[ˈdɒlfɪn] (托 8137/4232 -2)
Back: n. 海豚; （码头的）系船柱
分布：海豚(100%)
→来自gwelbh, 膨胀，鼓起，引申词义子宫，孕妇的肚子，词源同child, calf.可能因肥胖的海豚如同孕妇而得名。
US ['dɑ:l-] noun countable
■a sea mammal that is large, smooth and grey, with a long pointed mouth 海豚
n. [脊椎] 海豚
 - sea hog, porpoise

Word: lobster
Front: lobster
[ˈlɒbstə(r)] (托 6212/11887 -1)
Vocabulary: lobster
(once / 1334 pages)
n
A lobster is a hard-shelled animal that lives in salt water and has two big front claws, or pincers. People who are familiar with red cooked lobsters might be surprised to see that when they're alive they are brown, gray, or even blue.
Lobsters are large crustaceans, which means they're related to shrimp, crabs, crawfish, and even barnacles. They live and feed on the bottom of the ocean, crawling on their ten legs and eating fish, worms, and sea plants. As a food, lobster is considered a delicacy today — although before the mid-19th century, it was thought of as food for poor people and prisoners in coastal New England.
WORD FAMILY
lobster: lobsters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Lobster Dip at Old Orchard Beach is the biggest of Maine’s polar plunges.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“However, when the bill arrived, it included two lobster mac and cheese orders” at $18.50 each.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Or the brief proposal to amend Maine’s constitution to exempt lobster traps from property taxes.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 龙虾; 龙虾肉
分布：龙虾(98%)，捕龙虾(2%)
→来自拉丁语locusta,龙虾，蝗虫，词源同locust,langoustine.拼写讹误作lobster,或是有意为之，以与locust相区别。
US ['lɑ:b.stɚ] noun countable or uncountable
■an animal which lives in the sea and has a long body covered with a hard shell, two large claws and eight legs, or its flesh when used as food 龙虾；龙虾肉
n. [无脊椎] 龙虾
 - langouste

Word: lg
Front: lg
None (-/45728)
Back: abbr. long 长的; language 语言; length 长度; common logarithm 常用对数
分布：水平规(100%)

Word: inconvenience
Front: inconvenience
[ˌɪnkənˈvi:niəns] (10754/9468 -1)
Vocabulary: inconvenience
(once / 625 pages)
nv
An inconvenience is an annoying occurrence that makes you go out of your way, like the inconvenience of a detour that takes you off your usual route, or the inconvenience of the door bell ringing just as you are about to take a dish out of the oven.
The noun inconvenience, pronounced "in-cun-VEE-nyent," comes from the Latin word inconvenientia, from in-, meaning “not,” and convenient-, meaning “agreeing, fitting.” That meaning still holds true for inconvenience: something that doesn’t fit easily into your life, though it doesn't cause suffering, either. Use it to describe small irritations, like the inconvenience of an airport delay.
WORD FAMILY
inconvenience: inconvenienced, inconveniences, inconveniencing+/ convenience: conveniences/ convenient: convenience, convenienter, convenientest, conveniently, inconvenient / inconvenient: inconvenience, inconveniently
USAGE EXAMPLES
“These waterways belong to everyone in the community. If one specific entity is inconvenienced, it’s not a valid reason for letting pollution to occur indefinitely.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He said it’s too early to say when the power will be restored and whether guests will be compensated for the inconvenience.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s more of an inconvenience to speak up, and that in itself is such a problematic way to think.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 不方便; 麻烦; 为难之处; 麻烦事
vt. 给…带来不便; 给…添麻烦; 打扰; 使为难
时态：inconvenienced, inconveniencing, inconveniences
分布：不便(97%)，困难(2%)，使 ... 不便(1%)
noun countable or uncountable
■a state or an example of problems or trouble, which often causes a delay or loss of comfort 不便，麻烦
• We apologize for any inconvenience caused by the late arrival of the train. 我们对火车延误所造成的一切不便表示歉意。
• We had the inconvenience of being unable to use the kitchen for several weeks. 我们有几个星期不能使用厨房，很不方便。
• Having to wait for ten minutes was a minor inconvenience. 要等候十分钟确实有一点麻烦。
[ˌɪn.kən'vi:.ni.ənts] verb transitive
■to cause problems or difficulties for someone 不便，麻烦
• The strike inconvenienced many people. 罢工给许多人带来了不便。
n. 不便；麻烦
 - trouble, headache
vt. 麻烦；打扰
 - go to trouble, bother

Word: hourly
Front: hourly
[ˈaʊəli] (11930/14332 -1)
Back: adj. 每一小时的; 常常的
adv. 每小时地; 时时，随时
分布：每小时地(32%)，以小时计算的(23%)，时时地(15%)，每隔一小时的(15%)，随时的(15%)
US ['aʊr-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■done or happening every hour 每小时的
• There's an hourly bus service into town. 每小时都有一班开往城里的公共汽车。
• Take two tablets at hourly intervals. 每隔一小时服两片药。
hourly fee/rate, etc.
■the amount that is charged or earned every hour 每小时的费用
UK ['aʊə.li] US ['aʊr-] adverb
 ADVANCED
■once every hour 每小时
• Trains call here hourly. 这里火车每小时来一班。
adv. 每小时地；频繁地，随时
 - frequently, continually
adj. 每小时的，以钟点计算的；频繁的
 - frequent, continual

Word: moderately
Front: moderately
[ˈmɒdərətli] (六 8132/9744)
Back: adv. 适度地; 普通地; 温和度; 不过度地
分布：适度地(72%)，一般地(28%)
→来自moderate,适中的。词义贬义化，引申词义一般地，勉强地。比较mean.
ADJ-GRADED
(政治观点或政策)温和的，不激进的
Moderate political opinions or policies are not extreme.
例：He was an easygoing man of very moderate views...他的观点非常温和，容易相处。
例：Both countries have called for a moderate approach to the use of force.两国都呼吁不要滥用武力。
ADJ-GRADED
(人或团体)温和的，稳健的
You use moderate to describe people or groups who have moderate political opinions or policies.
例：...a moderate Democrat.温和的民主党人
例：...the moderate wing of the army.军队中的稳健派
ADJ-GRADED
中等的;普通的;适度的；适量的
You use moderate to describe something that is neither large nor small in amount or degree.
例：While a moderate amount of stress can be beneficial, too much stress can exhaust you.适度的压力是有好处的，但是压力太大会把人压垮。
例：...moderate exercise.适度的锻炼
ADJ
(变化)不大的，有限的
A moderate change in something is a change that is not great.
例：Most drugs offer either no real improvement or, at best, only moderate improvements.大多数药物要么不能使病情真正好转，要么最多只能带来轻微的改善。
V-ERG
(使)缓和;(使)减轻;(使)减弱;节制
If you moderate something or if it moderates, it becomes less extreme or violent and easier to deal with or accept.
例：They are hoping that once in office he can be persuaded to moderate his views...他们希望等他一上台，可以说服他观点别那么激进。
例：Amongst relief workers, the immediate sense of crisis has moderated somewhat...救援人员的紧迫危机感已经有所减弱。
adv. 适度地；中庸地；有节制地
 - reasonably, temperately

Word: monica
Front: monica
['mɒnɪkə] (-/10423)
Back: 机尾警戒雷达
分布：名词(100%)

Word: perplex
Front: perplex
[pəˈpleks] (研六托雅 15354/18685)
Vocabulary: perplex
(once / 275 pages)
v
To perplex someone is to amaze, baffle, bewilder, dumbfound, flummox, mystify, or puzzle them. Perplexing things are hard to understand.
If you're perplexed, then you're confused. Different things perplex different people. In football, a tricky defense will perplex a quarterback. Complicated formulas can perplex math students. When people do weird things, it can be perplexing. Anything hard to understand might perplex you. Perplexing also means to make something more complicated. So when you see the word perplex, think "Huh?"
WORD FAMILY
perplex: perplexed, perplexes, perplexing +/ perplexed: perplexedly, perplexity, unperplexed/ perplexing: perplexingly/ perplexity: perplexities
USAGE EXAMPLES
A Casebook of Ingenious, Perplexing and Totally Satisfying Puzzles is available from the Guardian Bookshop and other retailers.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
INCONSISTENCIES: Both teams were perplexingly inconsistent this season.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
What worries and perplexes many Muslims and their friends here is what lies beneath the surface.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 使迷惑，使混乱; 使复杂化
时态：perplexed, perplexing, perplexes
分布：使困惑(46%)，使复杂化(36%)，使糊涂(18%)
→per-,完全的，-plex,卷，缠绕，词源同ply,complex.引申词义使困惑。
使复杂,迷惑(per从头到尾+plex→始终重叠→迷惑)[plex=fold,表示"重叠"]
v.使困惑,使费解,使复杂化I'm perplexed by the flexible complex index of sex and age.我被灵活复杂的性别与年龄索引迷惑住了.
US [pɚ-] verb transitive
■to confuse and worry someone slightly by being difficult to understand or solve 使困惑，使茫然；使担忧
• The disease has continued to perplex doctors. 这种疾病仍然困扰着医生。
puzzle, confound, bewilder, perplex, confuse, distract, embarrass, baffle
这组词都有“使困惑、迷惑、糊涂、伤脑筋”的意思，其区别是：
puzzle: 侧重使人难于理解、困惑、伤脑筋。
confound: 常指人惊慌失措和狼狈不堪。
bewilder: 语气强烈，指因迷不解或惊愕而慌乱，不知所措，无法清醒地思考。
perplex: 除困惑外，还含焦虑或缺乏把握之意，因而难于作出决定，无从下手处理。
confuse: 语气较弱，指由于混淆、混乱而糊涂。
distract: 主要用于注意力分散、思想矛盾或过分激动时产生的昏乱。
embarrass: 常指因处境或困难问题而感到窘迫、局促不安或焦急而不知所措。
baffle: 语气最强，多指遇见奇怪情景或复杂困难情况时所产生的惶恐困惑心理。
vt. 使困惑，使为难；使复杂化
 - bepuzzle, confuse

Word: ply
Front: ply
[plaɪ] (托 13164/13702 -1)
Vocabulary: ply
(once / 669 pages)
1v 2v 3v 4nv
Ply means to work steadily at something. If you've got a lemonade stand and you're busy perfecting your recipe and seeking out customers, you're doing a good job of plying your trade.
A ship that regularly travels a particular route plies that route. When someone offers you food or drink, often in hopes of getting something in return, they're plying you: "If I ply you with cake, will you take my dog for a walk?" The noun ply is very different from the verb, referring to layers or strands. Four-ply yarn is made up of four strands. Plywood is made of many layers of wood glued together.
WORD FAMILY
ply: pliable, plied, plier, plies, plyer, plying+/ pliable: pliability, pliably/plier: pliers /plyer: plyers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Five of those players now ply their trade in the W.N.B.A.:
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
This is pretty much the scenario wherever he plies his craft, Roskelley said.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Roaming musicians ply their trade for tips against a backdrop of restored art nouveau buildings.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 使用（工具）; 经常供应（食物、饮料）; 固定往来; 经营生意
n. （毛线、绳等的）股; 层; 厚; （夹板的）层片
vt. （娴熟地）使用
时态：plied, plying, plies
分布：定期往返(47%)，厚度(16%)，褶(13%)，一层(6%)，不断供应(6%)，一股(6%)，使胶合(6%)
→来自拉丁语plicare,弯，转，折叠，编织，扭，词源同imply,complicate,complex.引申诸相关词义。
(绳子等)股v.来回做(重复做)[plic,pli,ply=fold,表示"重叠,折叠"]
noun uncountable
■the particular number of threads from which wool or rope, etc. is made, used as a measure of its thickness （线等的）层，股
• six balls of four-ply (wool) 六个有四股毛线的线球
• What ply do you need for that knitting pattern? 那个编结样式需要用几股毛线？
■the particular number of layers from which plywood or tissue is formed, used as a measure of its thickness （合板或纸巾的）层
• Will three- ply (= wood made from three layers stuck together) be strong enough for making a shelf? 三层夹板搭的架子是否够坚固？
[plaɪ] verb
WORK 工作
transitive
■to sell or to work regularly at something, especially a job involving selling things 经常从事（尤指卖东西的工作）；兜售
• Fishermen in small boats ply their trade up and down the coast. 渔民们驾着小船沿着海岸兜售海鲜。
• Dealers are openly plying drugs in school playgrounds. 毒品贩子公然在校园操场上兜售毒品。
• The market traders were loudly plying their wares. 市场上的商贩们在高声叫卖他们的商品。
ply for business/trade, etc.
■to try to get customers for your business in a public place, for example, as a taxi driver, by driving around or waiting in a regular place 招徕顾客；等生意
• UK There are never any taxis plying for trade/hire in our area. 我们这一地区从来都没有计程车在这里候客。
• I noticed a couple of prostitutes plying for business on the corner. 我看到转角处有几个妓女在拉客。
[plaɪ] verb
TRAVEL 旅行
intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive old-fashioned
■When a form of transport plies a particular route, it makes that journey regularly 定期往返（于）
• High-speed trains regularly ply between Paris and Lyons. 高速列车定期往返于巴黎和里昂之间。
• This airline has been plying the transatlantic route for many years. 这家航空公司经营跨大西洋航线已经很多年了。
[plaɪ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  ply sb with sth
■to keep giving a person something, usually food or drink 持续向（某人）提供（通常指食物、饮料）
• John's been plying me with drinks all evening. 约翰整个晚上都在给我倒酒。
■to keep giving someone work or forms to complete, or asking them questions 拿（工作、表格或问题）纠缠（某人）；不停地让（某人）回答（问题）
• We plied Charlie with questions about his trip round the world. 我们不停地问查理他环游世界的事情。
vt. 使用，不住地使用；折，弯；从事
 - undertake, make use of, fashion, pursue, address
vi. 辛勤工作；定期地来往（船、车等）
 - work hard, work like a horse
n. 厚度；板层；褶
 - thickness

Word: plaudit
Front: plaudit
['plɔ:dɪt] (宝 29504/23882)
Vocabulary: plaudit
(once / 5275 pages)
n
As its sound might suggest, plaudit is indeed related to "applaud" and "applause." In fact it's really just a fancy way of saying "praise" or "acclamation."
Plaudit is used more in a literary sense than in spoken English, and particularly applies to the reception of a work of art, most notably a play. In fact, the word comes from the Latin plaudite, loudly uttered by Roman actors at the end of a play and meaning "applaud!" Kind of like cue cards for game show audiences now.
WORD FAMILY
plaudit: plaudits
USAGE EXAMPLES
He pulled Mills into a bear hug and murmured plaudits into his ear.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
In Ghana, The Gambia and Nigeria last year, the electoral commissions received a lot of plaudits for overseeing free, fair and verifiable elections.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Clinton’s experience won her plaudits from voters who throughout the campaign saw her as best prepared to assume the presidency.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 鼓掌; 喝彩; 称赞; 赞扬
分布：喝彩(64%)，赞美(36%)
称赞,赞美(plaud+it表名词,如：pundit权威人士,专家)[plaud=clap hands表示"鼓掌"]
喝采,赞扬(plaud鼓掌+it)[-it 1.表名词,通常是抽象名词2.表名词"…的"]
【记】plaud鼓掌，it他：对他鼓掌－喝采；参：applaud（v 拍手喝彩；称赞）
【反】disapprove（v 不赞成）
US ['plɑ:-] formal
noun countable usually plural
■praise 赞扬
• She's received plaudits for her work with homeless people. 她因救助无家可归者而受到赞扬。
• The quality of his photography earned/won him plaudits from the experts. 他的摄影作品品质很高，赢得了专家的赞扬。
n. 喝彩；赞美
 - admiration, acclamation

Word: redd
Front: redd
[red] (38808/-)
Back: v. <美方>整顿，弄整洁
n. 鳟鱼或鲑的产卵区
分布：收拾(100%)
vi. 整理
 - sort things out, put in order

Word: artery
Front: artery
[ˈɑ:təri] (研托雅宝 5962/7981 -2)
Vocabulary: artery
(once / 932 pages)
1n 2n
An artery is a major blood vessel that pumps blood away from your heart. For a healthy heart, keep your arteries clean!
The word artery originally stemmed from the Greek arteria, which means "windpipe." An artery is distinct from a smaller passage that carries blood in the body, called a vein. An artery is more important, as it is larger and collects and dispenses vast amounts of blood to various cells and tissues throughout the body. The word artery can also refer to a major route of transportation that absorbs the flow of local routes, like a highway or an interstate.
WORD FAMILY
artery: arterial, arteries+/arterial: arterialise, arterialize, arterially/arterialize: arterialized
USAGE EXAMPLES
Broken-heart syndrome is when a surge of stress hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol, cause arteries to seize, limiting blood flow to the heart.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
They also suffer higher mortality rates and increased risk of depression, cognitive decline and illnesses like coronary artery disease.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
This is different from a heart attack, which is a stopping of the heart because the blood supply is constricted, perhaps by clogged arteries.
BBC(Aug 13, 2014)
Back: n. [解剖]动脉; 干线，要道
分布：动脉(98%)，干线(2%)
→来自aorta,大动脉。
动脉[arter=pipe(管道)]
n.动脉;干线,要道This is where the three main arteries meet.这是三条主要干线汇合的地方.
US ['ɑ:r.tˌɚ-] noun countable
BLOOD 血液
■one of the thick tubes that carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body 动脉
• Hardening of the coronary arteries can lead to a heart attack. 冠状动脉硬化可能导致心脏病发作。
UK ['ɑ:.tər.i] US ['ɑ:r.tˌɚ-] noun countable
ROUTE 路线
■an important road or railway line （铁路、公路等的）干线或要道
• the main arteries leading into London 通往伦敦的主要道路
n. [解剖] 动脉； [公路] 干道；主流
 - mainstream, backbone road

Word: spearhead
Front: spearhead
[ˈspɪəhed] (11058/12160 -1)
Back: n. 先锋，前锋; 先头部队; 矛头; 枪尖
vt. 当…的先锋; 带头
时态：spearheaded, spearheading, spearheads
分布：做先锋(36%)，攻击的最前线(16%)，突击队的先遣队(16%)，在前面带头做先锋(16%)，矛尖(16%)
US ['spɪr-] verb transitive
■to lead something such as an attack or a course of action 领导（攻击、行动等）；充当…的先锋；带头做
• British troops spearheaded the invasion. 英军充当开路先锋。
• Joe Walker will be spearheading our new marketing initiative. 乔‧沃克将会负责推行我们新的行销计划。
UK ['spɪə.hed] US ['spɪr-] noun countable usually singular
■a person or group that leads something such as an attack or a course of action 先锋；先头部队（一个人或一组人，领导此类攻击或行动过程）
• American troops formed the spearhead of the attack. 美军是进攻的先头部队。
n. 矛头；先锋；先锋部队
 - vanguard, pioneer
vt. 带头；做先锋
 - take a lead, tape head

Word: rekindle
Front: rekindle
[ˌri:ˈkɪndl] (托 14922/18504 -1)
Vocabulary: rekindle
(once / 4362 pages)
v
Use the verb rekindle when you're trying to get something started again, like a fire or a romance.
If your campfire goes out while you're getting the marshmallows out of your tent, you'll want to rekindle it. Likewise, if you've lost touch with a childhood friend, you might try to rekindle your relationship when you meet again as adults. Re means "again," and kindle means "start a fire," probably from the Old Norse kynda, "to light a fire." Rekindle has been used in the figurative sense from around 1300.
WORD FAMILY
rekindle: rekindled, rekindles, rekindling+/enkindle: enkindled, enkindles, enkindling/ kindle: enkindle, kindled, kindles, kindling, rekindle /kindled: unkindled/ kindling: kindlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s the classic case of a career parent who wanted to rekindle the connection with family while preserving a paycheck.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
A rekindled romance means he's now living with his childhood sweetheart.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
A search for a new IMF boss would inevitably rekindle old debates about over-representation of European and other rich countries in global bodies.
Economist(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 重新点燃; 再点火; <比喻>使再振作精神
vi. 重新点燃
时态：rekindled, rekindling, rekindles
分布：重新点燃(100%)
→re-,再，重新，kindle,点燃。
【记】re重新，kindle（v 点燃）
verb transitive
■to make someone have a feeling that they had in the past 重新激起；重新唤起
• The holiday was a last chance to rekindle their love. 这次休假是使他们重新燃起爱情之火的最后一次机会。
vt. 重新点燃；再点火
 - reignite

Word: bye
Front: bye
[baɪ] (中高 18387/4072 -K3)
Vocabulary: bye
(once / 1403 pages)
1n 2n
If you say, "Bye!" you mean "farewell" or "so long." In other words, bye is a shorter way to say, "Goodbye."
When you need a quick, informal way to bid your friend adieu, you'll probably say, "Bye!" It's shorthand for "goodbye," and when adults speak to babies and children, there's a tendency to double it: "Bye bye!" Another kind of bye is when an athlete moves directly into the next round of a competition without playing, a meaning that originated with the game of cricket.
WORD FAMILY
bye: byes
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is difficult to understate how important earning a bye was for the Chiefs.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Cowboys: First-round bye and a home playoff game on Jan. 14 or 15.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In other words, the advantage of the bye and needing to win just one home game to get to a conference final is fairly immense.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: int. 再见，回头见
n. 次要的东西; （体育比赛中）轮空
分布：再见(100%)
→来自短语God be with ye.
CONVENTION
（非正式）再见，拜拜
Bye and bye-bye are informal ways of saying goodbye.
int. 再见
 - adios, tatas, pippip, bye-bye
n. 轮空；次要的东西
 - marginalia
adj. 次要的
 - secondary, minor, supporting, peripheral

Word: busily
Front: busily
['bɪzɪlɪ] (15474/11627 -1)
Back: adv. 忙碌地; 起劲地
分布：忙碌地(100%)
adverb
■in a busy, active way 忙碌地，活跃地
• I was busily preparing for their arrival. 我忙着为他们的到来做准备。
adv. 忙碌地，起劲地
 - hoppingly

Word: barge
Front: barge
[bɑ:dʒ] (六托宝 9954/8945)
Vocabulary: barge
(once / 802 pages)
1nv 2v
A barge is a big, flat boat that can transport heavy goods over water. You might see a barge carrying a load of new cars down a river.
Barges are useful for moving very heavy things along canals and rivers. A typical barge can hold more than a thousand tons of cargo, so it's ideal for bulky, weighty goods. Barge is also a verb, meaning both "move by barge" and "shove forward," as when you barge in the door of a crowded party or barge into your brother's room just to bother him. The root is believed to be the Greek baris, "Egyptian boat."
WORD FAMILY
barge: barged, bargee, barges, barging+/bargee: bargees
USAGE EXAMPLES
Andy Carroll entered finally to test that rejigged back line and immediately drew a little barging panic from Jones.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Seven barges were used to launch the pyrotechnics, and the iconic bridge served as a focal point for the show.
Time(Dec 31, 2016)
This was clear last year when the barges were about to leave.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 驳船; 游艇; 游览汽车
vi. （鲁莽而笨拙地）闯入; 蹒跚前进
vt. 用驳船运，乘驳船去
时态：barged, barging, barges
分布：驳船(77%)，闯(11%)，冲(8%)，猛撞(3%)，以驳船载运(1%)
→来自拉丁词barca, 驳船。
【记】bar酒吧，ge搁。可以把酒吧搁上的船－平底驳船。用barge运cargo
US [bɑ:rdʒ] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to hurry somewhere or through a place in a rude and forceful way （鲁莽地）冲，闯
• They barged through the crowds. 他们在人群中横冲直撞。
• When the doors opened she barged her way to the front of the queue. 门一开她就冲到了队伍前面。
• The man barged (= pushed) into her and ran on without stopping. 那个男人撞倒她后，停也没停接着就跑了。
UK [bɑ:dʒ] US [bɑ:rdʒ] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
  Phrasal Verbs  barge in/into sth informal
■to walk into a room quickly, without being invited 闯入
• I wish he'd knock instead of just barging in. 我希望他进来前要敲门，而不是直接闯进来。
UK [bɑ:dʒ] US [bɑ:rdʒ] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
  Phrasal Verbs  barge in informal
■to interrupt rudely （粗鲁地）打断，插话
• Sorry to barge in, but I couldn't help overhearing what you were saying. 对不起打断一下，我刚才碰巧听见了你们的谈话。
UK [bɑ:dʒ] US [bɑ:rdʒ] noun countable
■a long boat with a flat bottom, used for carrying heavy objects on rivers or canals 驳船，平底载货船
vi. 蹒跚；闯入
 - titubate, burst into
n. [船] 驳船；游艇
 - lighter, catamaran

Word: chasten
Front: chasten
[ˈtʃeɪsn] (宝 29804/37708)
Vocabulary: chasten
(once / 2337 pages)
v
To chasten someone is to correct him or her, often with the use of some pretty steep punishment. Chasten can also mean "to restrain." Either of these actions may be necessary when someone isn't behaving like they're supposed to.
The verb chasten is often used with the verb "to be" as in "be chastened." If students are caught writing graffiti on the bathroom wall, you can expect them to "be chastened" by both the school and their parents. Chasten is related to the word chastise, meaning "to punish severely." Both words can be traced back to the Latin root castus, meaning "morally pure." So keep yourself on the straight and narrow when it comes to morality and you can avoid being chastened.
WORD FAMILY
chasten: chastened, chastening, chastens+/chastening: chastenings
USAGE EXAMPLES
More amused than chastened, Mills said, “It’s two captains with one boat.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
It also chastened him about his own hopes.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It was a chastening way for the Foxes to suffer their first Champions League defeat.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: vt. 惩罚（某人）（使之改正或改进）; 惩戒; 遏制（某人）; 制止
时态：chastened, chastening, chastens
分布：动词(100%)
→来自chaste，使改正，使纯结。后指通过惩罚使悔改，懊悔，比较castigate.
【记】chaste（adj 贞节的），n象山洞：一老女子躲在山洞里磨练童贞，这不是自己跟自己过不去吗？！
['tʃeɪ.sən] formal
verb transitive usually passive
■to make someone understand that they have failed or done something wrong and make them want to improve 惩戒；磨炼；教训
• He was chastened by the defeat and determined to work harder. 失败磨炼了他，他决心更加努力地工作。
vt. 惩罚；磨炼；抑制
 - control, stay, restrain

Word: encapsulate
Front: encapsulate
[ɪnˈkæpsjuleɪt] (宝 15818/11424 -1)
Vocabulary: encapsulate
(once / 23359 pages)
v
To encapsulate something is to sum it up in shorter form — to summarize something.
When you see the word encapsulate, think about trying to put your comic book collection inside one tiny capsule — all of them wouldn't fit, so you'd have to pick out just your favorites or the most valuable ones. Encapsulating means condensing something down into its most important parts, so you just get the gist of it. Cliff's Notes encapsulate longer books. If you tell a friend about your summer vacation, you better encapsulate it or you'll be there for hours.
WORD FAMILY
encapsulate: encapsulated, encapsulates, encapsulating, encapsulation+/capsulate: capsulated, encapsulate / capsule: capsular, capsulate, capsuled, capsules, capsuling, capsulise, capsulize/capsulize: capsulized, capsulizes/encapsulation: encapsulations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Revis’s effectiveness was encapsulated by his nickname, Revis Island, which referred to his ability to guard receivers one on one.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
From Bournemouth’s point of view it was brilliantly worked, full of slick passing and fluid movement that encapsulates what Eddie Howe’s side are all about.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The governor collected the most votes in our contest for the person who best encapsulated California in 2016.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 封装; 概述
vi. 形成囊状物
时态：encapsulated, encapsulating, encapsulates
分布：压缩(51%)，概括(28%)，装入胶囊(14%)，封进内部(7%)
→en-, 进入，使。capsule, 胶囊。
【记】capsule（n 胶囊）
verb transitive
■to express or show the most important facts about something 扼要表述；压缩；概括
• It was very difficult to encapsulate the story of the revolution in a single one-hour documentary. 将革命的前后经过浓缩成一部一小时的纪录片是很难的。
• She encapsulates the stereotyped image that the British have of Americans. 她概括地描述了英国人眼里典型的美国人形象。
vt. 压缩；将…装入胶囊；将…封进内部
 - to compress, telescope

Word: duplicate
Front: duplicate
[ˈdju:plɪkeɪt] (研六托雅 9237/11219 -1)
Vocabulary: duplicate
(once / 1079 pages)
nadjv
Duplicate describes something that's an exact copy. If you tend to accidentally lock yourself out of your car, it's a good idea to carry a duplicate key with you just in case.
The word duplicate is useful when you're talking about a copy of something, like a duplicate of your birth certificate that you keep in a file, or a duplicate driver's license that you apply for after losing the original one. The verb duplicate is pronounced differently, with a long a sound, and it means to make a copy of or to multiply times two. The Latin root, duplicatus, means "to double."
WORD FAMILY
duplicate: duplicable, duplicatable, duplicated, duplicates, duplicating, duplication, duplicator, reduplicate+/duplicable: duplicability/duplication: duplications, reduplication/duplicator: duplicators/reduplicate: reduplicated, reduplicates, reduplicating/reduplication: reduplications
USAGE EXAMPLES
This would allow for expanded career offerings in the two districts without duplicating programs.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
There were no more dropped or duplicated songs, for instance.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
And there’s no way we would ever try to duplicate that.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: v. 复制; 复印; 重复
时态：duplicated, duplicating, duplicates
分布：重复(50%)，复制(34%)，副本(11%)，复制的(4%)，完全一样的(1%)
→du-，二。-plic, 折，词源同fold, complicate. 即两折，引申义复制。
加倍;复制(du+pic重复+atc→重复第二份→复制)[du,dub,doub=two,表示"二,双"]
n.复制品v.复写,使加倍a.复制的,二重的He duplicated his former mistakes.他又犯了和以前一样的错误.
【记】du二，plic重叠一把一份变成重叠的两份一复制的
【参】duplication（n 副本；复制）
US [ˈduː-/
■to make an exact copy of something 复制，拷贝
• Can you duplicate (= use a special machine to copy) this document for me? 你能为我复印一下这份文件吗?
• Parenthood is an experience nothing else can duplicate. 当父母是任何其他经历都无法比拟的。
adjective [before noun] UK [ˈdjuː.plɪ.kət] US [ˈduː-/
■being an exact copy of something 复制的；完全一样的
• The thieves were equipped with duplicate keys to the safe. 窃贼带着配好的保险柜锁匙。
noun countable UK [ˈdjuː.plɪ.kət] US [ˈduː-/
■something that is an exact copy of something else 复制品；副本
• I lost the original form so they sent me a duplicate. 我把表格的原件给丢了，所以他们又发给了我一份副本。
model, facsimile, duplicate, reproduction, copy
这组词都有“复制品”的意思，其区别是：
model: 可指按某物式样制造、按比例缩小的模型，也可指某物未制成之前做出的模型。
facsimile: 含义与copy大体相同，但较文雅。
duplicate: 常指完全一模一样，可代替原件的复制品。
reproduction: 批按原物复制的产品，着重复制品与原物相似。
copy: 普通用词，含义广泛，指精确的或不精确的复制品。
duplicate, xerox, copy
这组词都有“复印、复制”的意思，其区别是：
duplicate: 指对原件进行复制或复印，侧重结果与原件一模一样。
xerox: 指用静电复印或用静电印刷术复制。
copy: 着重模仿者的有意识行为或模仿得尽可能接近原件。
vt. [印刷] [专利] 复制；使加倍
 - repeat, double
n. 副本； [印刷] [专利] 复制品
 - repeat, reproduction, counterpart
adj. [印刷] [专利] 复制的；二重的
 - reproductive, copied
vi. [印刷] [专利] 复制；重复
 - print off, to copy

Word: ferment
Front: ferment
[fəˈment] (托宝 17698/20399 -1)
Vocabulary: ferment
(once / 793 pages)
1vn 2nv
The word ferment means a commotion or excitement. Consider that the fermentation that turns juice or grain into alcohol is the result of the agitated development of bacteria, and then you can better appreciate the word's meaning.
While you might be more familiar with the verb ferment, referring to the natural process that produces alcohol, the word is also used as a noun, giving the same type of boiling emotion to people or events. If you keep in mind that the root of the word is fevere, meaning "to boil or seethe," you get a vivid picture of the ferment experienced at a political rally where tempers run high.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
ferment / foment
When change is a brewin', remember: to ferment is to cause a chemical change to food or drink, like turning grapes into wine, but to foment is to stir up trouble, like turning a group of people into an angry mob.
Fermentation is a magical alchemy through which bacteria, yeast, and time turn barley into beer, cabbage into kimchi or sauerkraut, and milk into kefir. To ferment is to effect that change. Since ferment describes a process, it's often used in the form of fermented or fermenting. Fermented grapes = wine.
To ferment can also mean to stir up. When you ferment something, you agitate it, you work it up, and then it changes. You can ferment people, too! An inspiring leader might ferment a revolution! See the word in action:
Thus campaigns demonstrate that creationists threaten the creative ferment that produces social improvement. (Washington Post)
Miso is a fermented soy product rich in probiotic cultures, which are essential for immune health. (US News)
Elephants in southern Africa often binge on the naturally fermenting fruit of the marula tree and lumber unsteadily away afterward. (Wall Street Journal)
Foment is similar to ferment in the sense of stirring up people, but it's always bad. To foment is to cause trouble.
The word's Latin roots mean to apply a warm compress, and it can still be used that way, but usually it's more like slapping someone with a towel dipped in hot water — start fighting! Here are some examples from the news:
We want you to model interpersonal reconciliation rather than foment personal conflict. (Time)
They said they would use their strategic reach and inspirational force to foment domestic attacks in the United States, and they did in San Bernardino. (US News)
It can even foment terrorism as people give up hope in good and honest government. (BBC)
So, use ferment when discussing drunk elephants and happy sports fans, and foment for angry rebellions. It's what bad guys do, and not to food.
WORD FAMILY
ferment: fermentable, fermentation, fermented, fermenting, ferments+/ fermentation: fermentations/fermented: unfermented/fermenting: fermentologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
The aromatic landing of the fermented grapes is sharp, crisp, sweet, dry, delicate, delightful.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He and his team produce pies of exceptional quality, beginning with a two-flour dough that’s fermented nearly 48 hours.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Disgorgement After the wine is fermented and bottled, a little sweetness and yeast are added to the bottle before it is sealed.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 酶，酵素; 发酵剂; 骚动，动乱
vt. & vi. 使发酵; 使骚动; 酝酿
时态：fermented, fermenting, ferments
分布：发酵(84%)，动乱(9%)，酵素(7%)
→词源同brew, 酿造，酝酿。引申词义发酵。
【记】fer＝ferv热－生热发酵，激动fer＝fur毛，ment闷他：闷得他都发毛了－发酵，骚动
【反】tranquility（n 宁静）
US [fə˞-/
■to (cause something to) change chemically through the action of living substances, such as yeast or bacteria （使）发酵
• You make wine by leaving grape juice to ferment until all the sugar has turned to alcohol. 酿葡萄酒是让葡萄汁发酵，直到所有的糖分都转化为酒精为止。
noun uncountable UK [ˈfɜː.ment] US [ˈfɜ˞ː-] literary
■a state of confusion, change, and lack of order or fighting 纷扰；骚动；动乱
• The resignation of the president has left the country in ferment. 总统辞职导致国家陷入动乱之中。
n. [轻] 发酵； [生化] 酵素；动乱
 - trouble, zymolysis
vi. [轻] 发酵；动乱
 - sour
vt. [轻] 使发酵；酝酿；使动乱
 - leaven

Word: impractical
Front: impractical
[ɪmˈpræktɪkl] (13148/11205 -1)
Vocabulary: impractical
(once / 6925 pages)
adj
Something impractical is difficult or impossible to achieve. It might sound like a great idea, but it's not going to happen. It's just not practical.
Impractical ideas make no sense or just can’t be done. Heels so high you have a fish swimming in them are cool, but very impractical. Trying to drive from New York to California in four hours, which could never happen, is impractical. Something impractical is not likely to work. Practical ideas are feasible, but impractical ideas are based on wishful thinking. When someone tells you an idea is impractical, she’s saying, "Get real."
WORD FAMILY
impractical: impracticality, impractically+/impracticability: impracticabilities/impracticable: impracticability, impracticableness, impracticably/impracticality: impracticalities/practicability: practicabilities/ practicable: impracticable, practicability, practicableness, practicably/ practical: impractical, practicality, practically / practicality: practicalities/ practice: practicable, practical, practiced, practices, practicing/practiced: unpracticed
USAGE EXAMPLES
So let’s look at four impractical financial moves versus the real life practicality of year-end checklist items:
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
They rejected the popular-vote method, characterizing it as impractical, if not outright dangerous.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
But Edmund King, president of the AA, called the proposal "fairly impractical".
BBC(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 不切实际的; 无用的; 不现实的; 不善做实际工作的
分布：不切实际的(81%)，不实用的(19%)
→im-,不，非，practical,切合实际的。
adjective
■Impractical people are not naturally good at doing useful jobs such as making or repairing things. （人）无动手能力的，手不灵巧的
■Impractical arrangements, ideas or methods cannot be done or used easily or effectively （安排、想法或方法）不切实际的，不现实的
• It's impractical to have so many people all trying to use this equipment at the same time. 要让这么多人同时使用这个设备是不切实际的。
■Impractical clothes, devices, etc. cause problems when used in normal situations （衣服、装置等）不实用的
• I love high heels but they're rather impractical. 我喜欢高跟鞋，但它很不实用。
adj. 不切实际的，不现实的；不能实行的
 - ideal, unreasonable, dream

Word: lite
Front: lite
[laɪt] (13595/27643)
Vocabulary: lite
(once / 5811 pages)
adj
Lite is how many advertisers and companies spell "light," to describe a product that has less fat, fewer calories, and so on. For example, lite cream cheese is the choice of many dieters.
If you add lite to the beginning of a word, it usually means lower in calories. Lite beer, sodas, and cookies all contain fewer calories than the regular versions. If you hyphenate lite at the end of a word, it suggests something is lower in substance than the original, like a political leader whose speech to voters might be policy-lite, meaning it does not focus just on laws. Otherwise, you're better off with the light spelling.
WORD FAMILY
lite: litely
USAGE EXAMPLES
The most popular product was Miller Lite beer, more than 98,000 of them.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Richmond is like Hong Kong lite, and in both locales, the shopping mall features prominently.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
That’s probably why lite coconut milk, which contains 60% less calories and fat than regular coconut milk, was so big in 2016.
Time(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 清淡的，低盐的
分布：类似…的劣质品(100%)
→来自light的方言。
adjective
FOOD 食物
■used for describing food or drink that contains fewer calories than usual and is therefore less likely to make you fat （食物、饮料）低热量的
• a lite yogurt 低热量的酸乳酪
[laɪt] adjective
NOT SERIOUS 不严肃的
■used for describing things that are not serious and that are easy to understand and enjoy 轻松的；容易理解的；令人愉悦的
• lite news about celebrities 关于名人的娱乐性新闻
[after noun] humorous or disapproving
■not as serious or as good quality as the real thing 次于…；不如…好
• She described their relationship as 'marriage lite'. 她把他们的关系形容为“次婚姻关系”。
adj. 清淡的；低盐的；简化的
 - reduced, insipid
n. 不重要的事物；简化物；软饮料
 - simplifier, insignificancy

Word: mastercard
Front: mastercard
['mɑ:stə,kɑ:d] (-/35752)
Back: 万事达信用卡
分布：万事达信用卡(100%)

Word: noticeable
Front: noticeable
[ˈnəʊtɪsəbl] (研四六 8488/6347 -K2)
Vocabulary: noticeable
(once / 824 pages)
adj
Something that is noticeable is apparent or easy to be noticed. If the change in your report cards is noticeable, let's hope it’s because your grades went up!
It’s easy to remember noticeable, by thinking of it as able to be noticed. Noticeable also means deserving of being noticed, or notable, like good manners or good work habits. Other noticeable things are just easy to spot, and not always in a good way. That piece of spinach between your teeth the entire time you were having lunch with your boss? “Don’t worry; it was hardly noticeable."
WORD FAMILY
noticeable: noticeability, noticeableness, noticeably, unnoticeable+/ notice: noticeable, noticed, noticer, notices, noticing, notify /noticed: unnoticed/ notification: notifications/ notify: notifiable, notification, notified, notifies, notifying/unnoticeable: unnoticeableness, unnoticeably/unnoticed: unnoticedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
His one noticeable zinger, “You guys are ducking more questions than Congress,” sounded scripted.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
The changes became noticeable when the artists were in their 40s.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
“It was noticeable by our kids,” he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 显而易见的，明显的; 引人注目的，令人瞩目的; 显著的，重要的; 可以察觉的
分布：显著的(45%)，显而易见的(35%)，值得注意的(20%)
→来自notice,注意。
a.显而易见的,值得注意的,重要的In the hot hotel the devoted voter did not notice the noticeable notebook.在炎热的旅馆里,热心的投票者没有注意到显而易见的笔记本.
US ['noʊ.tˌɪ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■easy to see or recognize 显而易见的，明显的，显著的
• There has been a noticeable improvement in Tim's cooking. 提姆的烹饪水准显著提高。
striking, remarkable, noticeable, outstanding, conspicuous
这组词都有“显著的，引人注意的”的意思，其区别是：
striking: 侧重能给观察者产生强烈而深刻印象。
remarkable: 通常指因有与众不同的特点或优越性而引起人们注意或称道。
noticeable: 指所描绘的事物引人注意。
outstanding: 通常指与同行或同类的人相比显得优秀或杰出，或具有他人或别的事物所没有的特征。
conspicuous: 通常指因成绩卓著，而引人注意，或指因外观奇特、花哨或言行举止不合常规而令人注意。
adj. 显而易见的，显著的；值得注意的
 - obvious, prominent, remarkable, marked, noted

Word: neuroscience
Front: neuroscience
[ˈnjʊərəʊsaɪəns] (19004/43669)
Vocabulary: neuroscience
(once / 12696 pages)
n
Neuroscience is the study of the brain and the nervous system. If you're interested in the way human brains work, you might want to study neuroscience.
The scientific field of neuroscience started out as a branch of biology, although people have been fascinated with the brain at least since ancient Egyptians studied the effects of drilling small holes in the skull to treat mental disorders. Today neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field, involving chemistry, linguistics, and genetics, among many other disciplines. Neuroscience has roots in the Greek neuro, "nerve," and Latin scientia, "knowledge."
WORD FAMILY
neuroscience: neurosciences, neuroscientist +/ neuroscientist: neuroscientists
USAGE EXAMPLES
A new study published in Nature Neuroscience, however, suggests a woman’s body isn’t the only thing to change following a pregnancy.
Salon(Dec 21, 2016)
Also absent are details on grant success rates and funding priorities, says Zoe Donaldson, an assistant professor of neuroscience at the University of Colorado Boulder.
Nature(Dec 18, 2016)
She and colleagues present the results in a paper released Monday by the journal Nature Neuroscience.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 神经系统科学（指神经病学、神经化学等）
分布：神经科学(100%)
→neuro-,神经，science,科学。

Word: stormy
Front: stormy
[ˈstɔ:mi] (四六 11643/9490 -1)
Vocabulary: stormy
(once / 563 pages)
adj
Whether it’s your temper or the month of May, something characterized by turmoil and unpredictable outbursts can be called stormy.
The word stormy describes weather conditions like thunder, lightening, dark clouds, wind, and pelting rain. The word also can be applied more broadly to describe things that seem as volatile and unpredictable as the weather, like a stormy debate that can get loud and angry, or a stormy relationship that is characterized by frequent outbursts of emotion, like downpour of feelings.
WORD FAMILY
stormy: stormier, stormiest, stormily, storminess+/storm: stormed, storming, storms, stormy
USAGE EXAMPLES
After all the stormy exchanges and recriminations, the remaining question is where Mr. Trump’s alliance with Mr. Netanyahu will lead.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The stormiest parts predate his football days, and he says he doesn’t even remember much of it.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Scotland is bracing itself for more disruption to travel and power supplies as a second wave of stormy weather approaches.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 有暴风雨的; 暴风雨般的; 热烈的; 激烈的
adv. 有暴风雨地，愤怒地，冲动地
n. <气>风暴度; 暴躁，激烈
级别：stormier, stormiest
分布：暴风雨的(69%)，激烈的(28%)，粗暴的(3%)
US ['stɔ:r-] adjective
VIOLENT WEATHER 恶劣的天气
■with strong wind, heavy rain and often thunder and lightning 风暴；暴风雨
• stormy weather 暴风雨天气
• The sky was dark and stormy. 天空阴沉，暴风雨即将来临。
UK ['stɔ:.mi] US ['stɔ:r-] adjective
EMOTIONAL REACTION 情感反应
■involving a lot of strong argument and shouting 猛烈的；激烈的；争吵的；群情激愤的
• a stormy debate 激烈的辩论
• They had a passionate and often stormy relationship. 他们两人的关系充满激情，但又冲突不断。
stormy, wild, fierce, turbulent, violent
这组词都有“剧烈的，凶猛的，狂暴的”的意思，其区别是：
stormy: 指风雨大作，也指人很激动的感情。
wild: 普通用词，既可指自然界的荒芜，未被驯化状态，又指人的无法无天，不文明的野蛮行为。
fierce: 普通用词，指人或兽的凶猛残酷。
turbulent: 正式用词，多用描写风和水，也可指心神不定或控制不住的感情波动。
violent: 普通用词，指人时侧重极为不安，异常激，暗含有达或暴力行为；也指破坏性的或不可控制的自然力量。
adj. 暴风雨的；猛烈的；暴躁的
 - fierce, violent, hard

Word: resentful
Front: resentful
[rɪˈzentfl] (托 14259/11540 -1)
Vocabulary: resentful
(once / 2038 pages)
adj
If you are resentful of someone, you feel ill will toward him, mixed with envy, like when a newer coworker gets the promotion you've been working toward for years.
The verb resent comes from the word for "feeling," but we only use it to talk about bad, stinging feelings. You might resent having to work late, but if your boss pays you a higher wage for overtime, maybe you’ll be less resentful. When there are clear inequalities among people, it often makes them resentful. Someone who wears themselves out doing heavy labor might be resentful of their boss who never breaks a sweat but earns more money.
WORD FAMILY
resentful: resentfully, unresentful+/ resent: resented, resentful, resenting, resentment, resents/ resentment: resentments/unresentful: unresentfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
“People are frustrated, people are resentful and people react,” he said.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
They find that even a Republican calling Trump racist did not lead racially resentful whites to abandon him.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
“The people are resentful of the local officials and don’t want to discuss things with them,” he said.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 感到愤恨的，表示愤恨的; 厌恶的; 易发脾气的，易怒的
分布：怨恨的(55%)，不满的(45%)
→来自 resent,气愤，愤恨，-ful,形容词后缀。
adjective
■feeling angry because you have been forced to accept someone or something that you do not like 感到愤恨；不满；憎恶
• a resentful look 憎恶的眼神
• She was resentful of anybody's attempts to interfere in her work. 任何人试图干预她的工作都会让她很反感。
adj. 充满忿恨的；厌恶的
 - sick, laith

Word: tbilisi

Word: unsold
Front: unsold
[ˌʌnˈsəʊld] (21759/15672 -1)
Back: adj. 未售出的
分布：未销售的(72%)，动词unsell的过去式和过去分词形式.(28%)
US [-'soʊld] adjective
■not sold 未售出的
• stocks of unsold goods 未售货品库存

Word: thursday

Word: warp
Front: warp
[wɔ:p] (托宝 14074/16380 -1)
Vocabulary: warp
(once / 1140 pages)
vn
To warp is to bend, twist, or otherwise become misshapen. Wooden furniture left outside in the rain will often warp from the moisture.
Getting wet makes some things warp, while plastic has a tendency to warp in the hot sun. Sometimes people use the word colloquially to mean "have a bad or distorting influence on," as when a politician insists that video games warp kids' minds. In weaving, the warp is all of the threads running one direction — the ones that are woven over and under the warp are called the weft.
WORD FAMILY
warp: warped, warping, warps+/warping: warpings
USAGE EXAMPLES
I wanted warp drive, I wanted to travel to other planets and star systems.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The pressure warped the way officers and residents saw each other.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Nabokov dismissed Wilson’s analysis as “figments of his warped fancy.”
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 弯曲，歪斜; 偏见，乖戾; 经纱; [航]绞船索
vt. & vi. 弄弯，变歪; 扭曲，曲解
vt. 使（行为等）不合情理，使乖戾; 使卷曲，使弯曲; 用绞船索牵引
时态：warped, warping, warps
分布：经纱(46%)，扭曲(17%)，弯曲(16%)，歪曲(10%)，变歪(4%)，绞船索(3%)，弄歪(2%)，乖僻(1%)，使翘起(1%)
→来自werp，弯，转，缠绕，来自wer的扩大格，弯，转，词源同wring,versus.同时用于指经线，比较weft.
US [wɔ:rp] verb
BEND 弯曲
intransitive or transitive
■(especially of wood) to become damaged by bending or twisting, usually as a result of the presence of water or heat, or (of water or heat) to cause this to happen （使）（木材）弯曲，（使）翘曲，（使）变形
• Left in the garage where it was damp, the wooden frame had warped. 由于放在潮湿的车库里，木头框架已经变形了。
• If I put the shelves near the radiator, the heat might warp them. 如果我把架子放在暖气附近，热度可能会使其变形。
UK [wɔ:p] US [wɔ:rp] verb
STRANGE 奇怪的
transitive
■to make a person or their behaviour strange, in an unpleasant or harmful way 使（人或人的行为）反常，使变得乖戾；扭曲
• Prison warps people. Had it warped Kelley enough that he would kill a stranger? 监狱扭曲人性。它有没有使凯利变态到会杀死一个陌生人呢？
UK [wɔ:p] US [wɔ:rp] noun
the warp only singular specialized
■the threads that go along the length of a piece of cloth or a loom (= a device for weaving) （织布中的）经纱，经线 Compare the weft
n. [物] 弯曲，歪曲；偏见；乖戾
 - violence, curve, give, winding
vt. 使变形；使有偏见；曲解
 - transfigure, deform
vi. 变歪，变弯；曲解
 - read into, put a force upon

Word: automobile
Front: automobile
[ˈɔ:təməbi:l] (四六雅 4005/11452 -2)
Vocabulary: automobile
(once / 341 pages)
nv
An automobile is a car: a vehicle with four wheels and an internal combustion engine. The automobile is one of the most common ways to travel.
Thanks in part to Henry Ford, automobiles are just about everywhere: in cities, small towns, and even in rural areas, where it's too far to walk from place to place and there's very little public transportation. Trucks, vans, buses, and limousines are bigger than the typical automobile, but they’re automobiles, too. A motorcycle isn't an automobile because it only has two wheels. Automobiles are good for getting around, but they also cause pollution and automobile accidents.
WORD FAMILY
automobile: automobiled, automobiles, automobiling, automobilist+/automobilist: automobilists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Swiss use it in shops, restaurants and for train travel, he said, and “it is also widely used for automobile purchases and in agriculture.”
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
In Utah, alcohol is not a major cause of fatal automobile crashes.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He died 14 years to the day of his son’s death in a 2002 automobile crash.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. <美>汽车
v. 开汽车，坐汽车
分布：汽车(93%)，汽车的(7%)
→前缀auto-, 自己的。mobile, 移动的。
汽车(auto自己+mobile动→自己动的[车]→汽车)[mob=move,表示"动"]
汽车(auto自己+mob动+ile)[-ile 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"物体"]
US ['ɑ:.tˌə.moʊ-] US
noun countable
■a car 汽车
• the automobile industry 汽车工业
car, bus, truck, lorry, coach, automobile, jeep, carriage, waggon
这些名词都与“车”有关。
car: 多指乘坐人的小汽车或轿车。
bus: 一般指公共汽车或大型客车。
truck: 与lorry同义，都指卡车或货车，前者为美国用词，后者用于英国。
coach: 原义指四轮马车，现指轿式汽车，长途公共汽车，还可指火车设有卧铺的车厢。
automobile: 是汽车的总称。
jeep: 吉普车，指一种小型轻便、适合在崎岖路面或野外使用的车子。
carriage: 指马车，两匹或两匹以上马拉的四轮马。
waggon: 指四轮运货马车或牛车，也指铁路的无盖货车。
n. [车辆] 汽车
 - car, motor

Word: amman
Front: amman
[æˈmɑ:n] (-/27599)
Back: n. 安曼（约旦首都）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: waterway
Front: waterway
[ˈwɔ:təweɪ] (9511/10080 -1)
Back: n. 水路; 航道; 排水沟
分布：航道(36%)，水路(32%)，水道(31%)，舷侧排水沟(1%)
US ['wɑ:.tˌɚ-] noun countable
■a narrow area of water, such as a river or canal , which ships or boats can sail along 航道；水路
n. [水运] 航道；水路； [船] 排水沟
 - navigation channel, canalage

Word: afar
Front: afar
[əˈfɑ:(r)] (13131/15278)
Vocabulary: afar
(once / 640 pages)
adv
If something's off at a distance, you can describe it as being afar. You might write a letter to your pen pal in Japan, and say, "This note comes to you from afar."
Afar is a poetic and old-fashioned way to say "far away" or "distant." If your summer visitors have traveled from afar, they've come a long way to see you, and if your boyfriend moves to Australia, you might have to continue your relationship from afar. The word is a shortened form of the Old English of feor, in which of means "of" or "on," and feor is "far, remote, or distant."
WORD FAMILY
afar: afars
USAGE EXAMPLES
"She didn't even talk to me, she just waved goodbye from afar. She was crying."
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
On how hard it was to watch tennis from afar:
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Like church spires, tall twin smokestacks announce the campus from afar, declaring the center a factory for ideas.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adv. 从远处
n. 遥远; 远离着; 从远方
分布：在远处(63%)，从远处(37%)
US [-'fɑ:r] adverb
■from or at a great distance 从远处；遥远地；在远处
• People came from afar to see the show. 人们从很远的地方赶来观看表演。
• humorous I've never actually spoken to him - I've just admired him from afar. 我从来没有跟他说过话——我只是“敬而远之”。
adv. 遥远地；在远处
 - away, far, beyond, remotely

Word: compliant
Front: compliant
[kəmˈplaɪənt] (宝 15112/16001)
Vocabulary: compliant
(once / 9688 pages)
adj
If you are willing to submit to someone's request, then you are compliant. Parents like it when their teenagers are compliant and follow the rules. Teenagers, on the other hand, are probably not as compliant as parents would like to think!
The adjective compliant can also describe something that is agreeable. "The lawyers made sure that the man's will was fully compliant with state law, so that his children could not contest his desire to leave his entire estate to his dog, Fluffy." Or: "That software is not compliant with your operating system; you'll have to buy a different version."
WORD FAMILY
compliant: compliantly, noncompliant +/ compliance: compliances/ comply: compliance, compliancy, compliant, complied, complies, complying/ noncompliant: noncompliance, noncompliants
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Porridge,” Mr. Meyer asserted crisply, “is even more compliant with the idea. Comfort food. Comfort food and hygge must be coinciding.”
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The man was compliant and did not struggle with officers, but officers noted the man appeared “unhealthy” and “sluggish,” Booth said.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
"All of our vehicles are compliant with applicable federal and state laws," a spokeswoman said.
Reuters(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 遵从的; 依从的; （与系列规则相）符合的; 一致的
分布：顺从的(91%)，适用的(9%)
【记】com共同，pliant（adj 柔顺的）－顺从的com共同，pli＝play，ant：详见complaisant
【参】pliant（adj 柔顺的）；suppliant（adj 恳求的）；compliance（n 服从，听从）
adjective formal
■willing to do what other people want you to do 顺从的，听从的；服从的
• a compliant child 听话的孩子
adj. 顺从的；服从的；应允的
 - followed, subject, obedient, submissive

Word: downright
Front: downright
[ˈdaʊnraɪt] (10579/14301 -1)
Vocabulary: downright
(once / 1234 pages)
1adjadv 2adj
The adjective downright is used to emphasize something, or to mean "utterly." For example, you could say that your brother's loud and junky old car is a downright embarrassment.
Downright works as an adjective or adverb, so you can describe your dad's brownies as downright delicious, your sister's terrible jokes as downright awful, or your loss of the spelling bee as a downright disgrace. In the thirteenth century, downright meant "straight down," but it had changed by 1300, to instead mean "thoroughly."
WORD FAMILY
downright: downrightest, downrightly, downrightness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some of these high points are bad and some are downright ugly.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Indeed, she seems to be one of those people who toggle between highly enthusiastic and downright fervent.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Women from Nigeria and many other parts of the world condemned Mr Buhari's comments as outdated, inappropriate and downright offensive:
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adv. 完全地; 彻底地; 全然
adj. 直率的，直截了当的; 明白的，露骨的; 显明的; 毫不含糊的
分布：彻底的(23%)，完全地(22%)，彻底地(22%)，明白的(22%)，率直的(11%)
['daʊn.raɪt] informal
adjective [before noun] adverb
■(especially of something bad) extremely or very great （尤指不好的事情）极端（的），极大（的），十足（的）
• She's being downright difficult and obstructive. 她这个人很难相处，而且总喜欢与人作对。
• I think the way she's been treated is a downright disgrace. 我认为那样对待她是一种奇耻大辱。
• These working conditions are unhealthy, if not downright (= and probably extremely) dangerous. 这种工作环境即使称不上非常危险，也是对身体有害的。
adj. 明白的；直率的；显明的
 - evident, explicit, naked, frank
adv. 完全，彻底；全然
 - through, very

Word: breeze
Front: breeze
[bri:z] (研四六托雅 4284/4405 -2)
Vocabulary: breeze
(once / 186 pages)
1nv 2nv
A breeze is a light, cool wind. One of the nicest things about being at the beach on a hot summer day is feeling the gentle breeze off the water.
The air that blows your hair around and rustles the leaves is one kind of breeze. Another is the task that's easily completed or the job that is practically effortless: "Your dog is so good, walking him is a breeze!" You can also breeze through something that's simple and fast, like when you breeze through a math test, finishing long before your classmates.
WORD FAMILY
breeze: breezed, breezes, breezing, breezy+/breezy: breezier, breeziest, breezily, breeziness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Later, running across the stage, she was a spring breeze.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It was hardly a breeze for the Steelers on Sunday, as Ben Roethlisberger was picked off twice in the third quarter, deep in Pittsburgh territory.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The architecture of the city acts as a giant cooling system that funnels Atlantic breezes through shaded streets in a triumph of civil engineering.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 微风; 轻而易举的事
vi. 吹微风; 逃走
时态：breezed, breezing, breezes
分布：微风(97%)，焦炭渣(1%)，飘然而行(1%)，轻松通过(1%)
→可能来自breath, 呼吸。后指微风，令人舒服的风。
n.微风;轻而易举的事vi.来去匆匆,急速走In the freezing breeze, the breeder greedily squeezed oil from the seeds.在冰冷的微风中,饲养员贪婪地从种子中榨油.
noun
WIND 风
 ADVANCED countable
■a light and pleasant wind 和风，微风
• a warm/cool breeze 和煦／凉爽的风
• She let the gentle breeze cool her face. 她任由清凉的微风吹拂着自己的脸颊。
[bri:z] noun
SOMETHING EASY 容易的事
only singular informal
■something which is easy to achieve, often unexpectedly 轻而易举的事（常指出乎意料）
• You won't have any problems with the entrance test - it's an absolute breeze. 入学考试你决不会有问题——那实在是轻而易举的事。
[bri:z] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
WALK 走路
■to walk somewhere quickly and confidently, without worry or embarrassment 飘然而行，轻盈而自信地走
• She just breezed in as if she'd only been away a day instead of a year. 她如风似地走进来，好像她只离开了一天而不是一年。
[bri:z] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
DO EASILY 轻松 informal
■to easily complete or win something 轻松完成；轻松赢得
• She breezed through the song as though she'd been singing it for years. 她轻松地唱完了那首歌，好像这首歌她唱了好多年似的。
• mainly US In 1985 he breezed to victory with 78% of the vote. 1985年他以78%的得票率轻松获胜。
wind, breeze
这组词都有“风”的意思，其区别是：
wind: 普通用词，指空气的流动现象。
breeze: 系微风的总称。
n. [气象] 微风；轻而易举的事；煤屑；焦炭渣；小风波
 - breath, doddle
vi. [气象] 吹微风；逃走
 - tail out, pull foot

Word: brag
Front: brag
[bræg] (托宝 8048/20498 -1)
Vocabulary: brag
(once / 1425 pages)
vnadj
When you're bragging, you're boasting. If you can't stop talking about your fancy new shoes, that's bragging.
Ever notice how some people are full of themselves and constantly telling you about the great things they've done? Those folks like to brag. Bragging is a verbal kind of showing off. We all do it sometimes, and it's almost always annoying when other people do it. A specific boast can be called a brag. Athletes often brag before big games. But only the winners can brag after, because they backed up their words.
WORD FAMILY
brag: bragged, bragger, bragging, braggy, bragly, brags+/bragger: braggers/bragging: braggingly, braggings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He still attended games, and bragged about the school on the NFL Network, where he is a color commentator.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Of course, his entire political career is founded on the “birther” lie, which he still brags about.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
“I’m not bragging at all, you will never in this world see a boat like this one.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 自大，吹嘘; 自夸，夸口说
n. 自夸; 吹牛的人; 傲慢的态度; [游戏]类似于扑克的一种纸牌游戏
adj. 第一流的，极好的; 〈罕〉活泼的
时态：bragged, bragging, brags
分布：吹牛(52%)，自夸(24%)，吹牛的人(6%)，大话(6%)，傲慢的态度(6%)，特别好的(3%)，一流的(3%)
→拟声词。
【记】b不，rag破布。如有一人大喊：“我不是破布，我是好布！”那他一定是在吹牛。
[bræg] (-gg-) informal disapproving
verb intransitive
■to speak too proudly about what you have done or what you own 吹嘘，夸耀
• She's always bragging about how much money she earns. 她老是吹嘘自己赚钱如何如何多。
• [+ that] They bragged that their team had never been beaten. 他们夸耀说他们队伍从未输过。
pride, boast, brag, crow
这组词都有“自夸，吹嘘”的意思，其区别是：
pride: 与boast的意义较接近，指炫耀、夸口，自鸣得意，常与反身代词连用。
boast: 普通用词，指对自己所做的事，自己的长处、财富以及家庭等的夸耀，常含言过其实的意味。
brag: 非正式用词，其夸耀和吹嘘意味强于boast，到了过分夸大，有时令人讨厌的地步。
crow: 多指大声吵嚷地吹嘘，夸耀自己做某事比他人做得好。
n. 吹牛，自夸
 - fanfaronade, blague
vi. 吹牛，自夸
 - boast of, hot air
vt. 吹牛，吹嘘
 - hot air, talk horse

Word: dynastic
Front: dynastic
[dɪ'næstɪk] (22900/16873)
Back: adj. 朝代的，王朝的
分布：王朝的(100%)

Word: instil
Front: instil
[ɪnˈstɪl] (13187/11368 -1)
Back: vt. 逐步灌输; 使渗透; 滴注
时态：instilled, instilling, instils
分布：逐渐灌输(67%)，逐步渗透(22%)，=instill.(11%)
(-ll-) UK (ALSO US instill) [ɪn'stɪl/
verb transitive
■to put a feeling, idea or principle gradually into someone's mind, so that it has a strong influence on the way they think or behave 逐渐灌输
• It is part of a teacher's job to instil confidence in/into his or her students. 教师的部分职责是逐渐培养学生的信心。
vt. 逐渐灌输；使渗透；滴注
 - imbue

Word: ideologue
Front: ideologue
[ˈaɪdiəlɒg] (15814/23191)
Back: n. 意识形态的拥护者，思想意识的盲目追从者
分布：理论家(49%)，空想家(35%)，思想家(16%)
→来自idea,想象，想法，主意，-logue,说，词源同dialogue.引申词义空想家，理论家。
US [-lɑ:g] formal
noun countable
■a person who believes very strongly in particular principles and tries to follow them carefully 思想（体系）的追随者（或倡导者）
n. 思想家，理论家，空想家
 - thinker, theorist

Word: insurrection
Front: insurrection
[ˌɪnsəˈrekʃn] (宝 16043/15574 -1)
Vocabulary: insurrection
(once / 646 pages)
n
Insurrection is an uprising against a larger force that's in power. An insurrection can lead to revolution, but it is just as likely to be put down.
Other words for insurrection include rebellion, revolt and uprising, the last of which is the translation of insurrection's Latin roots. The Boston Tea Party is probably the most famous American act of insurrection. One who rises up in insurrection is called an insurgent by the force they are rising against. Like Paul Revere, insurgents are often called heroes by the people they are rising up to support.
WORD FAMILY
insurrection: insurrectional, insurrectionary, insurrectionism, insurrectionist, insurrections+/insurrectional: insurrectionally/insurrectionist: insurrectionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was repeatedly transferred among Sicilian prisons for bad conduct, with prison records saying he bullied inmates and tried to spark insurrections.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Prison records say he bullied inmates and tried to spark insurrections.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
In “Nat Turner’s Insurrection,” an 1861 essay by the abolitionist Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Turner’s wife is a slave who belonged to a different master.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
Back: n. 造反; 暴动; 叛乱
分布：叛乱(50%)，暴动(50%)
→in-,进入，使，向上，sur-,向上，-rect,树立，词源同surge,insurgent.引申词义起义，叛乱。
【记】in里面，sur下面，rect竖直，站，ion－国家里面的下等人站直了－造反
【参】rectitude（n 正直；公正）；resurrect（v 复兴；复活）
US [-sɚ-] noun countable or uncountable
■an organized attempt by a group of people to defeat their government and take control of their country, usually by violence 起义，暴动，造反，叛乱
• armed insurrection 武装暴动
n. 暴动；叛乱
 - rebellion, sedition

Word: ming
Front: ming
[miŋ] (-/26346)
Back: n. 明（朝）; [人名] 明
分布：名词(99%)，动词(1%)

Word: lukewarm
Front: lukewarm
[ˌlu:kˈwɔ:m] (宝 15156/13822 -1)
Vocabulary: lukewarm
(once / 2782 pages)
adj
Something lukewarm is just a teeny bit warm. Lukewarm feelings are also not very strong.
Lukewarm is a word for things that are warm, but only barely. A forgotten cup of hot coffee will get lukewarm before it eventually gets cold. It's disappointing when food at a restaurant is served lukewarm; most people like their food hot. Also, people can have lukewarm feelings and reactions. If someone asks you out to lunch and you say, "Well, I guess that would be OK," that's a lukewarm response.
WORD FAMILY
lukewarm: lukewarmly, lukewarmness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“What I’ve heard is, at best, people are lukewarm to it,” Dakota County Treasurer Bob Giese said of the new design.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In the quarter ended Sept. 24, Apple reported its first annual revenue decline in 15 years amid lukewarm iPhone sales.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
“Other kids got lunch packs and sandwiches and I opened up plastic container of lukewarm chicken wings.”
The New Yorker(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 冷淡的; 微温的; 不热心的; 温和
分布：微温的(67%)，不热情的(33%)
→luke,温和，来自kele,暖和，词源同calorie,lee,warm,暖和的，实质上表达的为同一个意思。引申词义微温的，不冷不热的。
【记】luke微微，warm温－微温的；冷淡的
US ['lu:k.wɔ:rm] adjective
TEMPERATURE 温度 mainly disapproving
■(especially of a liquid) only slightly warm （尤指液体）温的，微热的
• This coffee's lukewarm. 这杯咖啡不热。
UK [ˌlu:k'wɔ:m/ UK ['--] US ['lu:k.wɔ:rm] adjective
REACTION 反应 disapproving
■not enthusiastic or interested 冷淡的，不热情的
• Her proposals got a lukewarm response. 大家对她的建议反应冷淡。
adj. 冷淡的；微温的；不够热心的
 - cold, nonchalant

Word: keynesian
Front: keynesian
[ˈkeɪnzɪən] (22664/10918)
Back: n. 凯恩斯主义者
adj. 凯恩斯理论的，凯恩斯之追随者的
分布：凯恩斯主义者(75%)，凯恩斯学说的(25%)

Word: pantheon
Front: pantheon
[ˈpænθiən] (宝 15727/21536 -1)
Vocabulary: pantheon
(once / 2864 pages)
1n 2n
In the pantheon of great movie stars, Marilyn Monroe might well be considered the brightest of them all. The actual Pantheon was a temple built by the Romans — but we use it to mean any group of exalted figures.
To place someone in a pantheon is to decide that they belong to a "club" whose members are all only the greatest people to have done the same thing. It's like a little temple of little gods. Tiger Woods, for example, definitely belongs in the pantheon of great golfers –– alongside Palmer, Nicklaus and Singh. If you want to see the real Pantheon, that is the building itself with the world's oldest concrete dome, then you'll have to go to Rome.
WORD FAMILY
pantheon: pantheons
USAGE EXAMPLES
The poets in Paterson’s, and the movie’s, pantheon are ensconced in artistic scenes; Paterson is on his own.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
But where does Trump’s portraits rank among the pantheon of 20th and 21st century American presidents?
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Harambe will eventually join the pantheon of outdated Internet memes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 万神庙; （一国或一民族信奉的）众神; 名流; 伟人
分布：万神殿(54%)，众神(30%)，名流(13%)，伟人(3%)
→pan-,全部，所有，-the,神，词源同theism,atheist.即众神所在之地，众神之庙，引申词义先贤祠。
开神殿(pan泛,全部+theon→全部神在一起→万神殿)[the(a)=god表示"神"]
US [-ɑ:n] formal
noun countable usually singular
■a small group of people who are the most famous, important and admired in their particular area of activity （某一领域的）名流，名人，重要人物
• Don't you agree that Malcolm X definitely has a place in the pantheon of black civil rights heroes? 麦尔坎X在黑人民权运动史上绝对占有一席之地，你难道不同意吗？

Word: peacemaking
Front: peacemaking
['pi:smeɪkɪŋ] (30481/-)
Back: n. 调解，调停
分布：调解(60%)，调停(40%)
n. 调停；调解
 - intervention, mediation
adj. 调停的；调解的
 - intercessory, mediatory

Word: ours
Front: ours
[ˈaʊəz] (中高 4099/3947 -K2)
Back: pron. 我们的
分布：我们的(100%)
pron.[we的物主代词]我们的(所有物)Ours are on the table.我们的东西在桌子上.
US [aʊɚz] pronoun
 ESSENTIAL
■the things that belong or relate to the person who is speaking and one or more other people 我们的
• Which table is ours? 哪张桌子是我们的？
• He's a cousin of ours. 他是我们的一个表兄。
• Ours is the red car parked over there. 我们的车是停在那边红色那辆。
• Ours is a huge country. 我们的国家是个大国。

Word: pigeon
Front: pigeon
[ˈpɪdʒɪn] (研四六托 7986/6052 -1)
Back: n. 鸽子; <非正式>易受骗的人; <非正式>责任
分布：鸽子(100%)
→来自古法语pigeon,小鸽子，来自拉丁语pipio,雏鸽，叽叽喳喳叫的小鸟，来自pipire,叽叽喳喳叫，拟声词。
n.鸽The pig is obliged to dig a big pit for the pigeon.猪被迫为鸽子掘一个大坑.
noun
countable or uncountable
■a large usually grey bird, which is often seen in towns sitting on buildings in large groups, and is sometimes eaten as food 鸽子
countable
■a pigeon kept as a pet in order to take part in flying competitions （作比赛用的）信鸽
• racing/homing pigeons 赛鸽／信鸽
['pɪdʒ.ən] noun
be not your pigeon UK old-fashioned
■to not be your responsibility 不是（你）的责任
• Transport? That's not my pigeon - ask Danny. 运输？这不归我管——去问丹尼。
pigeon, dove
这组词都有“鸽”的意思，其区别是：
pigeon: 多指家鸽。
dove: 指较小品种的鸽，美国称为野鸽。
n. 鸽子
 - La paloma, dove

Word: reinforcement
Front: reinforcement
[ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:smənt] (7506/7835)
Vocabulary: reinforcement
(once / 826 pages)
n
Reinforcement is a way to learn and remember things, like a student who repeats the facts he has studied for a test over and over, or the ways we praise children when they share their toys or say "please" and "thank you" — reinforcement of the good manners we want them to use.
You’ll often hear the word reinforcement used in relation to a building or other structure that gets additional mechanical support, but the word can be used in a broader sense as well. In addition to strengthening walls, reinforcement can refer to the strengthening or propping up of an argument or a particular point of view. For example, if you show up in class every day and ask questions, that adds reinforcement to the notion that you’re a diligent student.
WORD FAMILY
reinforcement: reinforcements+/ reinforce: reinforced, reinforcement, reinforcer, reinforces, reinforcing/reinforcer: reinforcers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He responds to positive reinforcements from the staff at Community Options.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
With the January transfer window about to open, Phelan will be looking to bring in reinforcements, while also hoping to hold on the impressive Snodgrass.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
As part of the refit, Iraqi federal police and Interior Ministry rapid response units were sent in as reinforcements.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 加强; 增援; 补给品; 援军
分布：加固(75%)，增强(21%)，强化物(3%)，增援力量(1%)
US [-'fɔ:r-] noun
uncountable
■when something is made stronger 增强；加强；巩固
• The harbour walls need urgent reinforcement. 海港堤坝急需加固。
reinforcements [plural]
■soldiers sent to join an army to make it stronger 援军，增援部队
n. 加固；增援；援军； [建] [车辆] 加强
 - strengthening, intension

Word: perfume
Front: perfume
[ˈpɜ:fju:m] (高研四六托雅 6592/7033 -2)
Vocabulary: perfume
(once / 392 pages)
nv
That delicious mid-summer smell in the middle of a rose garden? You can call that its perfume.
If you apply scented oil to your neck and wrists before leaving your house every the morning, you know what perfume is. Another kind of perfume is one that doesn't come in a bottle, like the smell of your mom's cinnamon rolls or the salty fragrance of the ocean after a storm. The earliest use of perfume in English specifically meant "the smell of something burning," and the Latin root is smoky as well: fumare means "to smoke" and per means "through."
WORD FAMILY
perfume: perfumed, perfumer, perfumery, perfumes, perfuming+/perfumer: perfumers/perfumery: perfumeries
USAGE EXAMPLES
For Lia Ramhawati, 36, who sells perfume at an upscale department store in central Jakarta, the uproar over Christmas clothes is much ado about nothing.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The 10 chapters — each devoted to a single decade — examine 10 different perfumes that influenced that decade.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Besides its use as incense, frankincense gum is distilled into oil for use in perfumes, skin lotions, medicine and chewing gum.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 香水; 香料; 香味，香气
vt. 使…充满香气; 喷香水于…
时态：perfumed, perfuming, perfumes
分布：香水(91%)，香气(6%)，洒香水于(2%)，使香气弥漫(1%)
→per-,完全的，fume,烟气，烟熏。其原义为烟熏消毒，后引申词义香水。
香水(per到处+fume烟,气味→到处冒香气)[fum=smoke,表示"烟"]
n.香味,芳香;香料v.使发香,洒香水于The perfume consumer presumably assumes that the volume is resumed.香水消费者假定地设想音量已恢复.
【记】per向四面八方，fume气味－香气向四面八方散－芳香
US [pɝ:'fju:m] noun
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■a liquid with a pleasant smell, usually made from oils taken from flowers or spices, which is often used on the skin 香水
• What perfume are you wearing? 你用的是甚么香水？
• She adores French perfume. 她非常喜欢法国香水。
uncountable
■a pleasant natural smell 香味，芳香
• The perfume of the roses filled the room. 玫瑰的香气充满了整个房间。
smell, fragrance, incense, perfume, flavour, odour, scent
这组词都有“气味”的意思，其区别是：
smell: 普通用词，与odour很相近，中性词。可指好闻或不好闻或中性气味。
fragrance: 较正式的典雅用词，常指花妆品、花朵和香料等发出的令人感到新鲜、愉快的香味。
incense: 指香燃烧时发出的芳香的烟味。
perfume: 书面用词，指强烈、浓厚天然或人工制造的香气。
flavour: 指影响嗅觉、味觉的香气或香味，多用于指食物等独特的味。
odour: 书面中性词，侧重气味本身的本质，既可指令人愉快的气味，也可指令人作呕难闻气味。
scent: 与smell很接近，但着重某物质或物体所特有的气味，多指好闻的气味。
n. 香水；香味
 - fragrance, parfum

Word: theological
Front: theological
[ˌθi:ə'lɒdʒɪkl] (研 4732/7353)
Vocabulary: theological
(once / 606 pages)
adj
Use the adjective theological to describe things related to religious studies. If you major in religion in college, you can call yourself a theological scholar.
A theological university is often called a seminary, a school where all the students learn about some aspect of religion. Scholars use the word theology to describe a thoughtful and rational study of religious beliefs, ideas of God, the history of religion, and more. Some theological students become ministers or priests. The root word is Greek, theologia, "an account of the gods."
WORD FAMILY
theological: theologically+/theologise: theologised, theologiser, theologising/theologist: theologists/theologize: theologized, theologizer, theologizing/ theology: theological, theologies, theologise, theologist, theologize
USAGE EXAMPLES
But this low marriage rate poses more than just theological issues - it also presents certain logistical constraints.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
What is harder to pin down is how he positioned himself among the theological trends of the time.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Afterward, Mr. Bryant intends to lead a discussion connecting the plot to a theological message.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 神学的，神学上的; 研究神学的
分布：神学的(94%)，=theologic.(6%)
US [-'lɑ:.dʒɪ-] adjective
■relating to the study of religion and religious belief 神学的，神学上的
• They met at theological college. 他们在一所神学大学相遇。

Word: satire
Front: satire
[ˈsætaɪə(r)] (研托宝 10491/15167 -1)
Vocabulary: satire
(once / 349 pages)
n
Satire is a way of making fun of people by using silly or exaggerated language. Politicians are easy targets for satire, especially when they're acting self-righteous or hypocritical.
Even though the ridiculous language of satire isn't intended to be taken seriously, well-made satire can use mockery to get at more serious truths. Sometimes satire can even overtake reality: when the television sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live presented a mock debate between Al Gore and George W. Bush during the 2000 presidential campaign season, the satire was so dead-on that it influenced the way people thought of the candidates.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
irony / satire / sarcasm
Irony, satire, and sarcasm all fall into the category of, "That's funny but I'm not sure what my English teacher wants me to call it."
Irony describes situations that are strange or funny because things happen in a way that seems to be the opposite of what you expected. Note the "opposite" here. If an expectation is black, then an ironic outcome would be white, not off-white or gray. Here are some clear examples.
Bill Hillmann, the author of multiple books about how to not get gored by bulls was the only non-Spaniard to get gored in the 2014 running of the bulls in Pamplona. (Cracked Magazine July 2015)
The Business Software Alliance is an an anti-piracy agency that used to pay people to report unlicensed content on the internet. The group has been caught using a "stolen" photo in one of their ads to attract new snitches on Facebook. (Cracked Magazine July 2015)
Satire means making fun of people by imitating them in ways that expose their stupidity or flaws.
In 2000, Saturday Night Live's satire of what happened in the [presidential] campaign became the conventional wisdom for what was going on in the campaign. (The Observer)
The late-night talk and news satire is scheduled to return with new episodes in February. (Los Angeles Times)
As with satire, sarcasm depends on the listener or reader to be in on the joke. Sarcasm is insincere speech. Your mom asks if you're excited to start cleaning the kitchen and you say, "Yeah, right," when you mean "Heck no." Take this exchange from The Hunger Games.
"What about you? I've seen you in the market. You can lift hundred pound bags of flour," I snap at him.
"Yes and I'm sure the arena will be full of bags of flour for me to chuck at people."
To distinguish irony from satire and sarcasm, remember that irony pertains to situations while satire and sarcasm are forms of expression. People make satire and sarcasm happen. Irony is just there.
WORD FAMILY
satire: satires, satiric, satirical, satirise, satirist, satirize +/ satirical: satirically/satirise: satirised, satirises, satirising/satirist: satirists/ satirize: satirized, satirizes, satirizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe that’s the role of satire: The life you’re cringing at may very well be your own.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Fry’s film is a sly satire that still resonates today.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
At the heart of this 1885 operetta by the librettist William Gilbert and the composer Arthur Sullivan is a satire skewering British bureaucratic zeal.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 讽刺; 讽刺文学; 讽刺作品
分布：讽刺(95%)，讽刺文(5%)
→来自拉丁语 satira,讽刺作品，混杂诗，来自 lanx satura,满盘，杂盘，各种水果混在一起的盘 子，来自 lanx,盘子，词源同 balance,satura,满的，饱和的，阴性格于 satur,满的，饱和的，词 源同 saturate,使饱和。比喻用法，后词义通俗化为讽刺，讥讽。
n.讽刺,讽刺文学,讽刺作品There is something satire in his words.他的话语里有点讽刺的意味.
【记】sa三，tire轮胎：三个轮胎的汽车，用来讽刺汽车的质量。
US [-aɪr] noun countable or uncountable
■a way of criticizing people or ideas in a humorous way, or a piece of writing or play which uses this style 讽刺，讥讽；讽刺作品
• political satire 政治讽刺
• Her play was a biting/cruel satire on life in the 80s. 她的剧作是对80年代生活的辛辣讽刺。
n. 讽刺；讽刺文学，讽刺作品
 - hit, sarcasm

Word: secede
Front: secede
[sɪˈsi:d] (宝 17631/27353 -1)
Vocabulary: secede
(once / 1190 pages)
v
To secede is to go your own way, breaking off ties. Usually, this refers to one part of a country that wants to become independent, like the South during the U.S. Civil War.
The Latin word secedere means “go apart” and that's where secede comes from. Don't confuse it with the much more common succeed. Your plan to secede from the state of New Jersey and found a kingdom named Rusty, after your dog, is not likely to succeed.
WORD FAMILY
secede: seceded, secedes, seceding, secession +/ secession: secessionism, secessions/secessionism: secessionist/secessionist: secessionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
In response to his assuming office, most of the South seceded from the Union.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Among them are the nascent campaigns for both California and Texas to secede from the United States.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Others hold demonstrations demanding that southern Yemen, which was independent until 1990, secede again.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 从…中脱离
vi. 脱离; 退出
时态：seceded, seceding, secedes
分布：正式脱离或退出(100%)
→se-,分开，-ced,走，词源同 cede,accede.引申词义退出，脱离。
正式退出(组织)(se+cede走→走开→退出)[se-表示"分开,离开,区别开"]
脱离;退出(se分开＋cede→分开走→脱离)[ced,ceed,cess=go,表示"行走,前进"]
【记】se分开，cede走－脱离
【参】secession（n 脱离）
[sɪ'si:d] formal
verb intransitive
■to become independent of a country or area of government 退出，脱离（国家或政府）
• There is likely to be civil war if the region tries to secede from the south. 如果该地区想脱离南方而独立，很可能会爆发内战。
vi. 脱离；退出
 - out of contact, break away
vt. 从…中脱离；割让
 - cede

Word: abhor
Front: abhor
[əbˈhɔ:(r)] (托宝 16665/18438)
Vocabulary: abhor
(once / 676 pages)
v
If you abhor something, it gives you a feeling of complete hatred. Chances are you abhor that kid who used to torture the frogs in biology class.
Abhor is from Latin abhorrere — "to shrink back in horror." It is the strongest way in English to express hatred, even stronger than loathe. We only use abhor in formal contexts; you might say "I abhor that man," but you would be less likely to say "I abhor spinach" unless you tend to express yourself in highfalutin terms no matter what the occasion.
WORD FAMILY
abhor: abhorred, abhorrence, abhorrent, abhorrer, abhorring, abhors+/ abhorrence: abhorrences/ abhorrent: abhorrently/abhorrer: abhorrers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Such actions should deter other leaders from letting bad behavior fester, lest they face the same fate in a culture like Japan's that abhors shame.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Politics abhors a vacuum and Asian countries will gravitate towards China if US influence is perceived as declining.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Together these changes would enthrone the “moneyed corporations” that Jefferson and other founders abhorred as destroyers of America’s democratic possibilities.
Salon(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: vt. 憎恶; （厌恶地）回避; 拒绝; 淘汰
n. 厌恶者，拒绝者
时态：abhorred, abhorring, abhors
分布：厌恶(41%)，憎恶(37%)，痛恨(22%)
→前缀ab-,离开，此外用于强调。词根hor, 恐怖，见horror,惊恐。指厌恶到恐惧的程度。
憎恨(ab表示动作+hor→又怕又恨→憎恨)[hor(r)=shudder,dread,表示"颤抖,害怕"]
【参】horrible（adj 可怕的）；horrid（adj 恐怖的，令人讨厌的）
【反】adore（vt 热爱）；greatly admire（非常仰慕）
US [æb'hɔ:r] (-rr-) formal
verb transitive not continuous
■to hate a way of behaving or thinking, often because you think it is not moral 憎恶；憎恨；厌恶
• I abhor all forms of racism. 我对任何形式的种族偏见都深恶痛绝。
vt. 痛恨，憎恶
 - abominate, revolt at

Word: woolly
Front: woolly
[ˈwʊli] (托 16278/11597 -1)
Back: adj. 羊毛的; 像羊毛的; 朦胧的
n. 羊毛制品; 羊
级别：woollier, woolliest
分布：羊(57%)，毛茸茸的(16%)，羊毛制的(14%)，羊毛制品(9%)，混乱不清楚的(4%)
(US also wooly) ['wʊl.i] adjective
OF WOOL 羊毛的
■made of wool, or made of something that looks like wool 羊毛制的；仿羊毛的
• a woolly hat/jumper 羊毛帽子／套衫
(US also wooly) ['wʊl.i] adjective
NOT CLEAR 不清楚的 disapproving
■Woolly ideas and reasoning are confused and not clear, and have not been considered carefully enough （想法等）不清楚的，模糊的，混乱的
• It's the woolly thinking behind the book that I find so infuriating. 这本书混乱的思路令我感到非常愤怒。
• I can't stand these woolly -headed/-minded liberals! 我真受不了那些头脑混乱的自由主义者！
(US also wooly) ['wʊl.i] noun countable old-fashioned informal
■a piece of clothing made from wool, especially a jumper 毛衣；毛料衣服；（尤指）羊毛套衣
adj. 羊毛的；模糊的；似羊毛的
 - fuzzy, dark, vague
n. 羊；毛织衣服
 - sheep, jumbuck

Word: turin
Front: turin
[tjuˈrin] (-/16936)
Back: 都灵（意大利西北部城市）（即托里诺）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: tribune
Front: tribune
[ˈtrɪbju:n] (29560/12763)
Vocabulary: tribune
(once / 534 pages)
1n 2n
A tribune was someone in the government of ancient Rome who looked out for ordinary people, in other words, an elected representative. Tribune is also a word that newspapers like, such as the "Chicago Tribune" or the "Des Moines Tribune."
There are many types of tribunes, but the earliest dates from ancient Rome. In Rome, a tribune was an elected representative of the common people. A tribune was expected to look after the interests of the people, just like our politicians today. Another type of tribune comes from the world of architecture, specifically the architecture of Christian churches. The tribune is a part of the church, often under a dome, where you can find the throne of a bishop.
WORD FAMILY
tribune: tribunes
USAGE EXAMPLES
A judge recently issued a preliminary injunction temporarily preventing the state from enforcing the law against the clinics that sued, according to the Chicago Tribune.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
In total, four people were killed and 24 were wounded in separate shootings on New Year’s Eve and into early Sunday, The Chicago Tribune reported.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Church spokesman Eric Hawkins told the Salt Lake Tribune that participation in the choir and the inaugural performance was voluntary.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. （古罗马）护民官; 民众领袖; 论坛; （赛马场的）看台
分布：民众领袖(100%)
→来自拉丁语 tribunus,部落首领，后用于指治安官，地方法官或其它官员称呼，在古罗马时期 特指保护普通民众利益的保民官，来自 tribus,部落，词源同 tribe.
n. 护民官；讲坛；看台；公民权利保护者
 - stand, rostrum

Word: archaeological
Front: archaeological
[ˌɑ:kɪə'lɒdʒɪkl] (托雅 6992/6228)
Back: adj. 考古学的，考古学上的
分布：考古学的(62%)，考古学上的(38%)
US [ˌɑ:r.ki.ə'lɑ:.dʒɪ-] adjective
■involving or relating to archaeology 考古学的；和考古有关的
• an archaeological dig/excavation 考古发掘
• an area/site of archaeological interest 有考古价值的区域／遗址

Word: brighten
Front: brighten
[ˈbraɪtn] (四托 7814/9833 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）发亮; （使）生色; （使）生辉; （使）快乐
时态：brightened, brightening, brightens
分布：发亮(56%)，使生辉(22%)，使变亮(11%)，开颜(11%)
US [-tˌən] verb intransitive or transitive
LIGHTER 光
■to (cause to) become lighter （使）发光，（使）发亮
• The room was small and dark, without so much as a ray of light to brighten the gloom. 房间窄小昏暗，连一丝光线也没有。
• It was rainy this morning, but it brightened up (= the sun started shining) after lunch. 今天早晨下雨，但午饭后天晴了。
UK ['braɪ.tən] US [-tˌən] verb intransitive or transitive
HAPPIER 高兴
■to (cause to) become happy or hopeful （使）快活起来；（使）充满希望
• Her eyes brightened when she saw him enter the room. 当她看见他进入房间时，眼睛一亮。
• There are, however, one or two items of good news to brighten the economic picture a bit. 然而，总会有一两则好消息让人对经济前景有些希望。
vi. 明亮；变亮；活跃；快乐高兴
 - light

Word: cologne
Front: cologne
[kə'ləʊn] (15377/10601 -1)
Vocabulary: cologne
(once / 57099 pages)
n
Cologne is a type of perfume, a liquid that smells good and is meant to be dabbed behind your ears. When you get dressed up for a night on the town, you might be sure to put some cologne on your neck.
Both men and women wear cologne, which is scented with extracts or oils in a base of alcohol and water. Cologne is considered a kind of toilet water, which is less concentrated than perfume — and can be applied more liberally. If you've ever stood in an elevator with a man wearing an excessive amount of cologne, you know there can be too much of a good thing. The word is from the French eau de Cologne, "water from Cologne (Germany)."
WORD FAMILY
cologne: colognes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Winning is a great deodorant and a playoff berth is like cologne.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The SUV was full of rubbish: umbrellas, T-shirts, frozen lunches and cologne.
Washington Post(Dec 04, 2016)
But it was hard to feel penitent now, with Father Amadi s cologne deep in my lungs.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: n. 古龙水; 科隆; 科隆香水; 花露水
分布：古龙水(66%)，科隆香水(34%)
→因产自法国Cologne而得名，词源同colony, 即聚居地，殖民地。
US [-'loʊn] (also eau de cologne)
noun uncountable
■a type of perfume 科隆香水，古龙香水

Word: deft
Front: deft
[deft] (托雅宝 14831/18561 -1)
Vocabulary: deft
(once / 1008 pages)
adj
Deft means "showing cleverness and skill in handling things." What you want to see in football or basketball is some deft handling of the ball.
Some people are physically deft, like accomplished athletes and ballet dancers. Their movements are fast, graceful, and deliberate. Others might be mentally or intellectually deft. You could describe a beautifully written essay as deft, or talk about a politician's deft work on an anti-bullying bill. The source of deft is the Old English gedæfte, "mild or gentle," which became deft in Middle English along with its meaning of "apt, skillful, or adept."
WORD FAMILY
deft: defter, deftest, deftly, deftness
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s a deft synthesis of the work of other researchers and of James’s thoughts on the subject.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Robert Langevin, the Philharmonic’s principal flutist, was a deft if unexciting soloist in the flute concerto.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
It’s still worth reading for Engber’s deft critical surgery and the bracing clarity of his conclusion.
Slate(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 灵巧的; 熟练的; 巧妙的
级别：defter, deftest
分布：灵巧的(80%)，敏捷熟练的(20%)
→来自dhabh, 装配，匹配，词源同fabric, daft. 引申词义手巧的，灵巧的。
【参】daft（adj 愚蠢的）打福特汽车
【反】maladroit＝ham-handed＝inept（adj 笨手笨脚的）
adjective
■skilful, clever or quick 熟练的；巧妙的；灵巧的
• Her movements were deft and quick. 她的动作灵巧敏捷。
• She answered the journalist's questions with a deft touch. 她巧妙地回答了记者的提问。
• He's very deft at handling awkward situations. 他善于处理尴尬的局面。
adj. 灵巧的；机敏的；敏捷熟练的
 - neat, dexterous

Word: clandestine
Front: clandestine
[klænˈdestɪn] (托宝 11864/14415 -1)
Vocabulary: clandestine
(once / 2539 pages)
adj
Use the adjective clandestine to describe something that is done in secret, like your clandestine attempts to steal your brother's Halloween candy.
Clandestine, an adjective imported from Latin, describes a secret, usually illegal activity. Often these things have to do with political and spy organizations. The CIA might run a clandestine operation to infiltrate terrorist organizations. Words with similar meanings include secret; covert, used especially for military matters; undercover, common in espionage; and surreptitious which emphasizes a person's efforts to keep something secret.
WORD FAMILY
clandestine: clandestinely
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even as the Russian-brokered chemical disarmament plan progressed, the White House embarked on clandestine efforts to train and arm moderate factions of the Syrian opposition.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
For several more weeks, analysts watched the clandestine desert truck stop grow, wanting to ensure it was the Islamic State trucking fleet.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
This shows that the Frank family got at least some of their food coupons clandestinely from these salesmen.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 秘密的; 私下的; 暗中的
分布：形容词(90%)，名词(10%)
→来自kel,遮盖，隐藏，词源同cellar,hole.在词源上与clan 没有任何关系。
秘密的[clandestin=secret(秘密)]
【记】clan（n 部落；党派），destine（v 命中注定）：都有一些秘密色彩
【反】open（adj 公开的）
[klæn'des.tɪn] formal
adjective
■planned or done in secret, especially describing something that is not officially allowed （尤指从事不被官方允许的活动）秘密的，暗中的，私下的
• The group held weekly clandestine meetings in a church. 这个团体每星期都在教堂举行秘密集会。
• He has been having a clandestine affair with his secretary for three years. 他和秘书私通已有三年了。
• She undertook several clandestine operations for the CIA. 她执行过中央情报局的好几次秘密行动。
adj. 秘密的，私下的；偷偷摸摸的
 - secret, private, underground, chamber, inside

Word: darkly
Front: darkly
[ˈdɑ:kli] (13353/12566)
Back: adv. 暗黑，呈黑色
分布：暗黑(67%)，暗中(33%)
US ['dɑ:rk-] adverb
THREATENING 威胁
■in a way that is threatening or frightening 威胁地，令人恐惧地
• "Don't come any closer," she said darkly. “别再靠近了。”她威胁说。
UK ['dɑ:k.li] US ['dɑ:rk-] adverb
NO LIGHT 漆黑
■in a way that has little or no light 隐约地；漆黑地
• His figure could be seen darkly on the foggy moor. 雾蒙蒙的荒原上可以隐隐约约看到他的身影。
adv. 黑暗地；模糊地；阴郁地；秘密地
 - quietly, underground, privately

Word: entanglement
Front: entanglement
[ɪnˈtæŋglmənt] (托 15426/20437)
Back: n. 瓜葛; 牵连; 纠缠; 缠住
分布：纠缠(89%)，牵连(7%)，铁丝网(4%)
noun
countable
■a situation or relationship that you are involved in and that is difficult to escape from 纠缠；纠葛；牵连
• The book describes the complex emotional and sexual entanglements between the members of the group. 这本书描述了这个团体成员之间复杂混乱的感情纠葛和肉体关系。
countable usually plural UK specialized
■a fence made of wire with sharp points on it, intended to make it difficult for enemy soldiers to go across an area of land （阻挡敌人前进的）铁丝网围栏
n. 纠缠；铁丝网；缠绕物；牵连
 - involvement, implication

Word: demoralise

Word: frivolous
Front: frivolous
[ˈfrɪvələs] (宝 10806/13813 -1)
Vocabulary: frivolous
(once / 783 pages)
adj
Frivolous things are silly or unnecessary. If something is frivolous, then you don't need it.
Frivolous things are goofy, useless, or just plain dumb. The word is often used to describe lawsuits. A frivolous lawsuit has no value and will be a waste of the court's time, like someone suing McDonald's for making the coffee too hot (which actually happened). If someone is frivolous, that person shouldn't be taken seriously because he's always fooling around and never gets anything done. Frivolous is pretty much the opposite of essential.
WORD FAMILY
frivolous: frivolity, frivolously, frivolousness+/ frivolity: frivolities
USAGE EXAMPLES
These culture-war fights touch on some of the deepest political issues of our time, even if the trappings are frivolous.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
All these frivolous high society partygoers are faced with the “nausea, terror and shame” that awaits them.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
It found that the medical provider’s appeal was frivolous under current attorney-fee rules.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 无价值的，毫无意义的; 轻率的，轻易; 不务正业的; 孩子气的
分布：轻佻的(36%)，琐碎的(36%)，无足轻重的(16%)，妄动的(12%)
→来自拉丁语friare, 破开的，卷曲的，词源同friable, friction. 用来指经不起推敲，愚蠢可笑的言语。
【记】frivo弄成碎屑－无关紧要的读：free 味儿lous：动不动就放P味儿－轻率的（不认真严肃的）
【反】temperate（adj 有节制的）；sober（adj 冷静的）；grandeur（n 庄严）－frivolity（n 轻薄；轻率；无聊的举动）
adjective
■behaving in a silly and thoughtless way when you should be serious 愚蠢轻浮的，不严肃的
• I think he sees her as a frivolous young woman. 我想他把她看成了轻浮的姑娘。
■describes an activity or object which is silly or not important rather than useful or serious 无聊的；不重要的
• I feel like doing something completely frivolous today. 今天我只想做点儿琐事。
adj. 无聊的；轻佻的；琐碎的
 - boring, petty

Word: gambit
Front: gambit
[ˈgæmbɪt] (18520/20175)
Vocabulary: gambit
(once / 8854 pages)
n
A gambit is a strategic move, often in chess but also in politics or business, where a player sacrifices something up front for future gain.
The noun gambit comes from an Italian word, gambetto, which means “tripping up.” When you make an opening move, offer something, or start a conversation with something that seems self-sacrificing but is really a ploy for greater advantage in the long run, that's a gambit. In chess, a gambit is when you sacrifice a pawn early for better positioning. When you offer to drive the morning carpool, that might be a gambit to get the afternoon shift off.
WORD FAMILY
gambit: gambits
USAGE EXAMPLES
Others detected a more nefarious strategy at work in Putin’s gambit.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr. Hogan’s gambit that talking about Israel to Jewish audiences is sufficient to win over my community is misguided.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
It was a gambit to try to block Trump from receiving the 270 electoral votes needed to win the White House.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 开局让棋法; 策略，诡计
分布：开场白(52%)，策略(48%)
→来自拉丁语gamba, 腿，词源同gambol, gammon。即先走一步，开局。
【记】gam＝game，bit：国际象棋game的前边bit（n 小块；少量）game，bit＝bet：开局让棋法是国际象棋game中的一种bet，要不就是出奇制胜，要不就是惨败！
noun countable
CLEVER ACTION 聪明的行为
■a clever action in a game or other situation which is intended to achieve an advantage and usually involves taking a risk 精心策划的一招；（常指带有风险的）策略；险招
• Her clever opening gambit gave her an early advantage. 她开局就出险招，抢占了先机。
• Their promise to lower taxes is clearly an election-year gambit. 他们降低税收的承诺很显然是大选年的策略。
■specialized
■a way of beginning a game of chess , in which you intentionally lose a pawn (= game piece) in order to win some other form of advantage later （国际象棋中开局时牺牲一卒以取得优势的）开局让棋法
['gæm.bɪt] noun countable
REMARK 话
■a remark that you make to someone in order to start a conversation 开场白
• "I hear you're a friend of Jamie's," was her opening gambit. “我听说你是杰米的朋友，”她搭讪道。
n. 话题；开始；以取得优势的开局棋法；开场白
 - threshold, conception, beginning, fresh, start

Word: intolerable
Front: intolerable
[ɪnˈtɒlərəbl] (12516/8495 -1)
Vocabulary: intolerable
(once / 587 pages)
adj
If something is impossible to put up with, you can say it is intolerable. It would be intolerable if your neighbors played their terrible, loud music all night long.
Intolerable, tolerable, tolerate, tolerant, and even extol all share the same Latin root word tolerare, which means to bear. Intolerable couples that with the prefix in-, which means not, giving the word its unbearable meaning. The Intolerable Acts, for example, were laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774. The American colonists found them unendurable, and they sparked support for the independence movement, which eventually led to the Declaration of Independence in 1776.
WORD FAMILY
intolerable: intolerablest+/ tolerable: intolerable, intolerably, tolerablest, tolerably/ tolerance: overtolerance, tolerances/ tolerate: tolerable, tolerance, tolerated, tolerates, tolerating, toleration/toleration: tolerations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wilson found Nabokov’s proclivity for punning intolerable and told him so repeatedly.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
The Scottish Liberal Democrats said the waiting times recorded at the hospital were "intolerable".
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
“If I run, my family will suffer intolerable stress due to my electioneering,” Leung told reporters outside his government office Friday, according to Bloomberg News.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 不能忍受的; 无法容忍的; 不堪的; 难堪
分布：无法忍受的(75%)，难耐的(25%)
→in-,不，非，tolerable,可忍受的。
US [-'tɑ:.lɚ-] adjective
■too bad or unpleasant to deal with or accept 无法容忍的，不能接受的
• The situation has become intolerable. 局势已经变得无法容忍。
• The constant fighting made life at home intolerable. 持续不断的争吵使家庭生活变得无法忍受。
• Three-quarters of the world's population live in conditions that people in the West would find intolerable. 世界上四分之三的人口生活在西方人会感到难以忍受的环境中。
adj. 无法忍受的；难耐的
 - unendurable

Word: middling
Front: middling
[ˈmɪdlɪŋ] (22722/24643)
Back: adj. 中等的，普通的
adv. 中等地，普通地
分布：中等的(45%)，普通的(17%)，身体尚好的(14%)，次级品(4%)，普通地(4%)，中等地(4%)，中等品(4%)，粗面粉(4%)，相当地(4%)
→来自middle,中间的，-ing,形容词后缀。
/-lɪŋ] adjective informal
■medium or average; neither very good nor very bad 中等的；二流的；普通的，一般的
• a man of about middling height 中等身材的男子
• a middling performance 二流的表演
adj. 中等的；第二流的
 - medium, secondary, moderate, colorado

Word: microbe
Front: microbe
[ˈmaɪkrəʊb] (托雅宝 10126/27969)
Vocabulary: microbe
(once / 3653 pages)
n
Microbe is a somewhat outdated way for scientists to talk about the tiny bugs that cause diseases. When you get the flu, you can blame a microbe.
In the nineteenth century, the idea that germs caused illness was brand new, and doctors referred to both germs and microbes interchangeably. The word microorganism is more scientifically precise, and in fact microbe is a shortened form of that long, Greek-rooted word. Mikro means "small," and in microbe it's combined with bios, or "life."
WORD FAMILY
microbe: microbes, microbial+/antimicrobial: antimicrobials/microbial: antimicrobial
USAGE EXAMPLES
Your airways are lined with hairlike cilia that consolidate microbes and mucus and help move it toward the exit.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Until fairly recently our various microbes were thought of as freeloaders without any meaningful benefit to our functioning as healthy human beings.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
Even astronauts on the International Space Station used it to sequence a mixture of microbes in soil.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 微生物，细菌
分布：微生物(85%)，细菌(15%)
→micro-,微小的，-be,生命，词源同biology,zoo.引申词义微生物。
微生物(micro+be=bi生命→小生命→微生物)[micro-表示"微,小"]
微生物(micro微小＋be=bi生命)[bio,bi=life,表示"生命,生物"]
【记】micro微小，be＝bio生命－微生物
US [-kroʊb] noun countable
■a very small living thing, especially one which causes disease, and which is too small to see without a microscope 微生物；（尤指致病的）细菌
bacteria, germ, virus, bug, microbe
这组词都有“致病的微生物”的意思，其区别是：
bacteria: (系bacterium的复数形式)，泛指任何在动植物体中广泛传播的微生物细菌，其中有的对生命体无害，有的能导致传染病或严重疾病，如天花、霍乱等。
germ: 微生物的俗称，专指引起人体生命的病菌。
virus: 技术用语，特指病毒或过滤性病原体。
bug: 非正式用词，指细菌或由病毒所引起的传染病。
microbe: 本义指在显微镜下才能见到的微生物，现在多指引起疾病的细菌。
n. 细菌， [微] 微生物
 - bacterium, organism

Word: ramp
Front: ramp
[ræmp] (托 6097/7762 -1)
Vocabulary: ramp
(once / 859 pages)
1nv 2v 3nv
A ramp is a slope or an incline, a surface that tilts from one level to another. Someone using a wheelchair might need a ramp to get from the doorway of a building down to its parking lot.
A skateboarder might use a ramp to gather speed, while a man pushing a stroller uses it to push his baby onto the sidewalk after crossing the street. Passengers also walk down ramps when they exit boats and trains. There's also the plant called a ramp, also known as wild onion or wild garlic. As a verb, to ramp means to provide with a ramp, but the more common "to ramp up" means "to increase."
WORD FAMILY
ramp: rampage, rampant, ramped, ramping, ramps+/ rampage: rampaged, rampageous, rampages, rampaging/rampageous: rampageousest, rampageously/ rampant: rampantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The infection sets off a cascade of events that ramps up inflammatory and immune response, Powers says.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The search for a new coach to replace the fired Jeff Fisher will ramp up this week.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
With reports of rising incidents of Islamophobia and anti-Semitism during the 2016 campaign, activists will need to ramp up their efforts to counter bigotry.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 土堤斜坡; 斜道; 敲诈; （装车或上下飞机的）活动梯
vt. &vi. 敲诈
vi. 蔓延
时态：ramped, ramping, ramps
分布：斜坡(49%)，坡道(36%)，敲诈(7%)，加速(4%)，横冲直撞(3%)，移动舷梯(1%)
→来自古法语 ramper,爬，上升，登山，来自 Proto-Germanic*hrimp,卷起，弯起，收缩，来自 sker,弯，转，缩起，词源同 ring,curve.比喻用法，原用于形容动物蹲立在后脚跟上蓄势待发奔跑的姿势，引申诸相关词义。
【记】ram羊，p屁：羊的屁股不是直的，而是斜的。
noun countable
■an artificial slope （人造）斜坡，坡道
• I pushed the wheelchair up the ramp and into the supermarket. 我沿坡道把轮椅推进了超市。
■UK
■a raised strip built into a road to make vehicles drive more slowly （路面上使车辆放慢速度的）突起减速带
US for * slip road
[ræmp] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] ramp sth up
■If a business ramps up its activity, it increases it （公司）扩大，增加，增多（业务等）
• The company announced plans to ramp up production to 10 000 units per month. 这间公司宣布了每月生产一万件的增产计划。
• To stay competitive, they'll have to ramp up product development as well as cutting prices. 为保持竞争力，他们除了降价以外，还将不得不加大产品开发的力度。
■to increase the speed, power or cost of something 加快（速度）；增加（威力）；提高（费用）
• Announcement of the merger is expected to ramp up share prices over the next few days. 预计公司合并的消息发布后，接下来的几天里股票价格会上扬。
• Mitsubishi has ramped up the speed of its new micro-controllers. 三菱公司已经提高了其新生产的微控制器的运行速度。
n. 斜坡， [交] 坡道；敲诈
 - hill, slope
vi. 蔓延；狂跳乱撞；敲诈
 - creep, to spread
vt. 敲诈；使有斜面
 - shark up, extort

Word: sergeant
Front: sergeant
[ˈsɑ:dʒənt] (6639/2857 -2)
Vocabulary: sergeant
(once / 243 pages)
n
Sergeant describes a certain rank for a police or military officer. If you've been promoted to sergeant, congratulations are in order.
Sergeant comes from the Old French sergent and originally from the Latin verb servire meaning "to serve," as in "to serve and protect," a police sergeant's job. Remember that sergeant is spelled with an "e" after the "s" (it's often misspelled with an "a").
WORD FAMILY
sergeant: sergeants
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two Marines, a major and a sergeant, were eventually convicted of lesser charges.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
During a transition workshop, Winchester said he was told to write down his job duties and skills he performed as a sergeant.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
And she cut ties this year after Sergeant LoPuzzo arrested her son in the stabbing of two people and her ex-husband in a shooting.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. [军]军士，中士; 警官，巡官; 高级律师; 〈美〉一种地对地导弹
分布：中士(49%)，警官(25%)，军士(23%)，巡佐(3%)
→来自古法语 sergent,仆人，家仆，臣子，来自拉丁语 servire,服务，服侍，词源同 serve,-ant, 人。后用于指军事衔级中士，警佐。词义演变比较 marshal,元帅，原指国王养马的仆人。
US ['sɑ:r-] (written abbreviation Sgt) (informal sarge)
noun countable
SOLDIER 士兵
 ADVANCED
■a soldier of middle rank 中士
• Sergeant Lewis 路易士中士
• [as form of address] Dismiss the men, Sergeant. 中士，解散吧。
UK ['sɑ:.dʒənt] US ['sɑ:r-] (written abbreviation Sgt) (informal sarge)
noun countable
POLICE OFFICER 警官
■in Britain, a police officer whose rank is above constable and below inspector , or in the US a police officer whose rank is below a captain （英国的）巡佐；（美国的）警佐
n. 军士；警察小队长；海军陆战队中士；高等律师
 - non-commissioned officer, sarge

Word: toulouse
Front: toulouse
[tu:ˈlu:z] (-/17174)
Back: 图卢兹（法国南部城市）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: murmur
Front: murmur
[ˈmɜ:mə(r)] (研六雅宝 6039/3363 -2)
Vocabulary: murmur
(once / 103 pages)
1nv 2n
A murmur is a quiet, blurred sound often heard from a distance. It can be comforting when you're little to fall asleep listening to the murmur of your parents talking downstairs.
Murmur can also be a verb that means the same as mutter: you say something so quietly that your words can't be understood. You might be complaining about something — a murmur is often a sign that someone's not pleased. A heart murmur is an abnormal heart sound that can only be detected by a doctor with a stethoscope, it's so low and soft.
WORD FAMILY
murmur: murmuration, murmured, murmurer, murmuring, murmurous, murmurred, murmurring, murmurs+/murmurer: murmurers/murmuring: murmuringly, murmurings/murmurous: murmurously
USAGE EXAMPLES
He pulled Mills into a bear hug and murmured plaudits into his ear.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“The public domain” began ritualistically, with murmuring, some vocal drones and intoned intervals.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“By open, I mean all of it,” Esvelt said, to murmurs of approval.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 咕哝，发牢骚; 低声的抱怨; 低声说话
vt. & vi. 小声说
vi. 发出连续而低沉的声音; 私下抱怨
时态：murmured, murmuring, murmurs
分布：低语(65%)，低声抱怨(18%)，低声的抱怨(9%)，连续轻柔的声音(4%)，发出连续轻柔的声音(4%)
→拟声词，模仿咕哝地声音。
v./n.小声说(话);小声抱怨,咕哝She murmured a prayer.她低声祷告.
【记】象声词：“么么”
US ['mɝ:.mɚ] verb
SPEAK QUIETLY 轻声说
intransitive or transitive
■to speak or say very quietly 低声说
• [+ speech] "I love you," she murmured. “我爱你，”她低声说。
• He was murmuring to him self. 他正喃喃自语。
• humorous He murmured sweet nothings (= romantic talk) in her ear. 他在她耳边低声说着情话。
UK ['mɜ:.mər] US ['mɝ:.mɚ] verb
COMPLAIN 抱怨
intransitive
■to complain about something that you disagree with or dislike, but not in a public way 私下抱怨，咕哝
• They were murmuring about the boss's nephew getting the job. 他们私下嘀咕着老板的侄子得到了那份工作的事。
UK ['mɜ:.mər] US ['mɝ:.mɚ] noun
SOUND 声音
countable
■the sound of something being said very quietly 低语声，轻柔的谈话声
• A murmur of agreement came from the crowd. 人群中传来了低声的赞许。
only singular
■a soft continuous sound 低沉连续的声音，细语
• The murmur of the waves on the beach lulled me to sleep. 海浪轻轻拍打着海岸的声音催我入眠。
UK ['mɜ:.mər] US ['mɝ:.mɚ] noun
COMPLAINT 抱怨
countable
■a complaint which is expressed privately 私下的抱怨，咕哝
• After the report was published, there were murmurs of discontent round the office. 报告公布后，办公室里到处是嘀咕和抱怨。
UK ['mɜ:.mər] US ['mɝ:.mɚ] noun
without a murmur
■without even a small complaint 一声不吭地，毫无抱怨地
• For once the children went to bed without a murmur. 孩子头一次一声不吭就上床睡觉了。
whisper, mutter, murmur
这组词都有“低语”的意思，其区别是：
whisper: 通常指耳语、窃窃私语。
mutter: 多指别人不易听到的低语。
murmur: 通常指人、微风或小溪等的低沉、柔和或连续的声音。
grumble, complain, murmur
这组词都有“抱怨、埋忽”的意思，其区别是：
grumble: 指因对处境、待遇不满或其他个人因素而愤愤不平地向他人诉苦或自言自语。
complain: 侧重因对处境不满、待遇不公或自己有痛苦等而向别人诉说、埋怨。
murmur: 多指因不满某人或某事而背着人自言自语地发怨言。
n. 低语；低语声；低声抱怨；潺潺声
 - whispering, susurrus
vt. 低声说
 - breathe

Word: augment
Front: augment
[ɔ:gˈment] (研六托雅宝 9113/8589 -1)
Vocabulary: augment
(once / 803 pages)
v
Do you need to make something bigger, better, or stronger? Then you need to augment it. To augment is to increase the amount or strength of something.
Maybe your bike isn't getting around very well on hills: the bike needs to be augmented with a better set of tires. People augment their computers and phones all the time, adding new gadgets and apps. They augment the storage space in their cars by buying roof racks. If the President decides to augment taxes, taxes are going up. When you see the word augment, think "More!"
WORD FAMILY
augment: augmentation, augmentative, augmented, augmenting, augments+/ augmentation: augmentations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The security measures are part of augmented precautions across the nation for New Year’s Eve.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Scientists who want to redesign or augment nature need a much shorter time frame.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
The mobile title became a sensation — albeit briefly — and brought augmented reality to the populace.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 增强，加强; 增加，增添; （使）扩张，扩大
n. 增加，补充物
时态：augmented, augmenting, augments
分布：增加(95%)，补充物(5%)
→来自词根aug, 增加。
增大(aug+ment)[aug=increase,表示"增加"]
vt.(使)增大,增加,增长,扩张The king augmented his power by taking over rights that had belonged to the nobles.国王接收贵族们的权力,以扩张他的权力.
【记】律师有好的argument，money就augment
【反】abate（v 使减少）；abrade（v 磨损）；decrease（n /v 降低）；diminution（n 减少）；
US [ɑ:g-] formal
verb transitive
■to increase the size or value of something by adding something to it 提高；增大；加强
• He would have to find work to augment his income. 他可能不得不找一些工作来增加收入。
enlarge, magnify, increase, expand, multiply, augment, amplify
这组词都有“增加，增大”的意思，其区别是：
enlarge: 主要指面积或体积等的扩大。
magnify: 可指用光学仪器使物体看上去显得变大；也指事实上把某物增大，有时用于夸张意味。
increase: 指数量、强度和大小等方面的扩大或增加。
expand: 指范围、程度、体积和尺寸等方面的扩大或增加。
multiply: 通常指自然繁殖而产生的增长，有时也指同类事物数量的成倍增加。
augment: 较正式用词，一般指在原有的基础上增加含量而扩大。
amplify: 在科技中常指声音的扩大或电磁波的增强。也指补充了细节、详述或扩大内容等。此词系正式用语。
enlarge, extend, stretch, prolong, inflate, expand, increase, multiply, lengthen, add, augment, amplify
enlarge: 放大（照片）
extend: 使…（在空间或时间上）更大，更长；伸长，伸展，延展；舒展（肢体），extend sth
stretch: vt 拉长，撑大；绵延，延续
prolong: 人为的延长时间
inflate: 使（轮胎、气球等）充气，膨胀，inflate sth (with sth)
expand: 使…变大，扩大，扩展，expand sth into sth
increase: 增加，增大（数目、数量、体积等），increase sth from…to…
multiply: 成倍的增加
lengthen: 指自然的延长时间或空间
add: 加，添加，add sth to sth
augment: vt 增多，增大，augment sth
amplify: 特指音量，电流等的扩大
vi. 增加；增大
 - improve, gain, accelerate, make, grow in
vt. 增加；增大
 - enhance, boost, jack, mount, hot
n. 增加；增大
 - enhancement, increase, gain, rise, accession

Word: antarctica

Word: banlieue

Word: chapel
Front: chapel
[ˈtʃæpl] (托雅宝 7252/3240 -2)
Vocabulary: chapel
(once / 208 pages)
n
A chapel is a place of worship. It's usually smaller than a church, and it has its own altar.
A chapel is a small place of worship. Chapels are Christian and are often part of a larger institution, such as a hospital or prison. Universities often have a chapel. A chapel is a place people pray and find community, or even get married. The song “Chapel of Love” was a big hit in the 1960’s. In it, The Dixie Cups sing, “going to the chapel and I’m gonna get married….”
WORD FAMILY
chapel: chapels
USAGE EXAMPLES
We then toured Praia by car looking for imperios, chapels that honor the Holy Spirit.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
And so the first thing Maestro Palombella did was to electronically map the acoustic in the Sistine Chapel.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
In a few months, my father’s coffin would sit in this chapel the night before his funeral.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 小教堂，附属教堂; （在小教堂和附属礼拜堂举行的）礼拜仪式; 特殊小房间; <美>殡仪馆
分布：小礼拜堂(51%)，礼拜仪式(28%)，殡仪馆(11%)，唱诗班(5%)，印刷厂工会(5%)
→词源同cap, 帽子。该词来自法国守护圣人St.Martin, 其在暴风雪之夜不忍见一乞丐受冻，将其所披斗篷割下一半给这个乞丐御寒，没曾想这一乞丐为耶稣所化身来考验他的善心的，St.Martin成功的经受了考验，最终封圣，而这一半斗篷也成为圣物在教堂保存。
【记】ch吃，ape猩猩：吃猩猩是不能在教堂里的，但是小教堂缺乏管束，可以偷着吃猩猩。Ch吃，apel读：apple：吃苹果，道理同上。
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a room within a larger building, which is used for Christian worship （基督教）小教堂，礼拜堂
• The college/hospital/prison has its own chapel. 学院／医院／监狱有自己的小教堂。
• the Chapel of St Paul 圣保罗礼拜堂
 ADVANCED mainly UK
■a building which is used for Christian worship by Christians who do not belong to the Church of England or the Roman Catholic Church （非英国国教或天主教的）教堂，礼拜堂
n. 小礼拜堂， [建] 小教堂；礼拜
 - church, exercise, worship

Word: barbed
Front: barbed
[bɑ:bd] (11507/11374 -1)
Vocabulary: barbed
(once / 2404 pages)
adj
Something that's barbed is sharp or spiky. Barbed wire has very sharp points at intervals along its length, to keep animals or people in (or out of) a yard.
Roses are famous for their sweet blossoms and barbed stems. A fish hook is also barbed, with a sharp spike on its end. You can use barbed figuratively, to describe cruel or biting words: "Her barbed comment made it clear how angry she was after the practical joke he'd played on her." The root of barbed is the Old French word for "beard," or "something beardlike," barbe, from the Latin barba, also "beard."
WORD FAMILY
barbed: barbedest+/ barb: barbed, barbing, barbs
USAGE EXAMPLES
At one time, the Rams’ season finale against the Arizona Cardinals on Sunday shaped up as something of a barbed holiday gift exchange between coaches.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Ron Gallo, June 23 at the 5 Spot: Insurgent thrift-store poet overcomes irritating schmoozing crowd with feedback and barbed words.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
“Barbed wires cutting us. All of my skin is full of scars, but that is all.”
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 装有倒钩的; 尖刻讥讽的; 锋利的
分布：有倒钩的(49%)，有刺的(29%)，讽刺的(16%)，动词barb的过去式和过去分词.(6%)
US [bɑ:rbd] adjective
■having a sharp point which curves backwards 带刺的，有倒刺的
■unkind and criticizing （说话）带刺的，讥讽的
• She made some rather barbed comments about my lifestyle. 她对我的生活方式作了一番讥讽。
adj. [昆] 有刺的；讽刺的；有倒钩的
 - acid, spinose

Word: evacuation
Front: evacuation
[ɪˌvækjʊ'eɪʃn] (8221/8926)
Vocabulary: evacuation
(once / 1893 pages)
1n 2n
An evacuation happens when people are removed from or leave a dangerous place. An approaching hurricane sometimes results in the evacuation of islands and coastal towns.
A fire drill or bomb threat can cause the evacuation of a school building, and during World War II there were frequent evacuations of buildings and areas of cities including London, when people hurried into shelters. Another meaning of evacuation is the emptying of something, whether a container or a human body. This relates to the word's original meaning, "discharge of blood from the body," from the Latin evacuare, "to empty."
WORD FAMILY
evacuation: evacuations+/ evacuate: evacuated, evacuates, evacuating, evacuation
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is also understood in the industry that captains will organise evacuation efforts - for which they will probably need to stay on board.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
It was unclear how many flights were delayed because of the evacuation.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Residents in neighboring apartments were evacuation, but their units were not damaged.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 撤空; 撤离; 撤退; 疏散
分布：疏散(67%)，撤离(31%)，排泄(1%)，排泄物(1%)
撤离,撤退[vac,van,void=empty表示"空"]
VERB
疏散;使撤离;转移
To evacuate someone means to send them to a place of safety, away from a dangerous building, town, or area.
例：They were planning to evacuate the seventy American officials still in the country...他们正计划转移仍滞留在该国的70名美国官员。
例：Since 1951, 18,000 people have been evacuated from the area.自1951年以来，已有18, 000人撤离了该地区。
VERB
（尤指因为危险而）撤离，撤出，搬出
If people evacuate a place, they move out of it for a period of time, especially because it is dangerous.
例：The fire is threatening about sixty homes, and residents have evacuated the area...大火正威胁着大约60户人家，居民已经从该地区撤离。
例：Officials ordered the residents to evacuate.官员命令居民撤离。
n. [军] 疏散；撤离；排泄
 - decentralization, excretion

Word: elude
Front: elude
[iˈlu:d] (托宝 9267/11123 -1)
Vocabulary: elude
(once / 637 pages)
v
Elude means evade, or be hard to grasp. "Tom eluded his captors by hiding under a table. Martha tried to understand chemistry, but the subject continued to elude her."
Elude has a slippery feeling to it. You elude the police, math can elude you — and that yak you went to see on safari but never got a glimpse of, you might say that he has eluded you as well. Delude means "to deceive," and there are times when someone can both delude and elude you — like when the conman took your money and then escaped out the back door.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
allude / elude
Allude is coy, to allude is to refer to something in an indirect manner. But elude's favorite thing to do is hide from the cops; it means to evade. Because the accent is on the second syllable in both words, it's easy to get them mixed up.
To allude is to talk around something, give hints, and generally not say what you really want to say. You allude to something when you don't want to say it outright:
In fact, McCarthy alluded to Williams as being an afterthought in Green Bay's game plan. (Washington Post)
Your film alludes to various versions of the "sleeping beauty" myth — was there a single starting point? (New York Times)
To elude, on the other hand, is to get away. Elude does love hiding from the law, but it can also refer to an idea you can't grasp or cheap health care:
It was a secluded zone with no mobile telephone reception — perfect for eluding law enforcement snooping. (New York Times)
Gregory Standifer was arrested at the scene after allegedly attempting to elude police by jumping out of a window, police said. (Chicago Tribune)
How the aspiring artist achieved his accomplished technique eludes us. (New York Times)
Good, cheap health care has long eluded America. (Economist)
Allude to something by saying all but what you actually want to say. Elude evades and gets away, like a name that's on the tip of your tongue.
WORD FAMILY
elude: eluded, eludes, eluding, elusion, elusive +/ elusion: elusions/ elusive: elusively, elusiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He will never be able to elude the often paralyzing seclusion of presidential leadership.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
He’s dealt with a sore right calf but showed no ill effects while smoothly eluding Detroit’s pass rush all night.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Two represent individuals whose portraits continue to elude the museum.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 逃避; 使…迷惑; 理解不了; 抓不到
时态：eluded, eluding, eludes
分布：躲避(51%)，逃避(41%)，记不起来(4%)，理解不了(4%)
→e-, 向外。-lud, 玩耍，欺骗，词源同allude, collude.引申义逃走，逃避。
躲避;使...困惑(e出+lude→玩出去→躲出去)[lud,lus=play,表示"玩,戏剧"]
【记】e出，lude玩－出去玩是为了逃避作业跟着我家小燕子玩，她会有elude一路的问题，所以要逃避
【参】elusive（adj 难懂的；难捉摸的；易忘的）
verb transitive
NOT ACHIEVE 没有达到 formal
■If something that you want eludes you, you do not succeed in achieving it 使达不到；使做不成；使不能实现：
• The gold medal continues to elude her. 金牌依旧和她无缘。
• They had minor breakthroughs but real success eluded them. 他们获得了一些小的突破，但没有获得真正的成功。
[ɪ'lu:d] verb transitive
NOT BE CAUGHT 不被抓住
■to not be caught by someone 避开，逃避，躲避
• They eluded the police by fleeing. 他们纷纷逃窜，避开了警方的搜捕。
[ɪ'lu:d] verb transitive
NOT REMEMBER 没有记住 formal
■If a piece of information eludes you, you cannot remember it 使记不起来
• I know who you mean but her name eludes me. 我知道你说的是谁，但就是想不起她的名字了。
vt. 逃避，躲避
 - escape, avoid, get out of

Word: elementary
Front: elementary
[ˌelɪˈmentri] (研四六托雅宝 2511/7127 -1)
Vocabulary: elementary
(once / 700 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
Things that are elementary are simple or not very advanced, as in elementary school or Sherlock Holmes' famous line, "Elementary, my dear Watson!"
Remember elementary school? That's an earlier, less advanced type of school than middle and high school. Things that are elementary are simpler — easy enough for a first grader to handle. A puzzle that's a snap to solve could be called elementary. We can also say that something is elementary when it's a basic building block of something else: a good breakfast is elementary to healthy nutrition, for example.
WORD FAMILY
elementary: elementarily+/ element: elemental, elementary, elements /elemental: elementally
USAGE EXAMPLES
The agency also focuses on eliminating drugs in schools from elementary through college.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Players in elementary grades at Jewish schools now set their sights on yeshivas with the most powerful hockey programs.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Elementary schools, which open in two waves, now start at 9 a.m. or 9:25 a.m.,
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 基本的; 初级的; [化]元素的; 初等
分布：基本的(60%)，初级的(25%)，元素的(15%)
→来自element, 基础，基本。
基本的(element元素,要素)[-ary 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,场所,物"]
a.初步的;基本的;[化]元素的;自然力的The mental patient thinks the cement is the elementary element of the ornament.精神病人认为水泥是装饰品的基本成分.
US [-tˌɚ-] adjective
■basic 基本的
• I have an elementary knowledge of physics. 我懂一些基本的物理知识。
• They made some elementary mistakes. 他们犯了一些很基础的错误。
• Millions of travellers fail to take even the most elementary of precautions. 上百万的旅客甚至没有采取最基本的预防措施。
■relating to the early stages of studying a subject 初级的；基础的
• This book contains a series of elementary exercises for learners. 本书含有为学习者设计的一系列基础练习。
basic, fundamental, elementary
basic: a.基本的，基础的，既可用于具体事物，也可用于抽象事物。
 • He has a basic understanding of the problem.   他对问题有基本的了解。
fundamental: a.根本性的，一般只用于抽象的事物；必要的，必须的。
 • Honesty is a fundamental principle in dealing with others.   诚实是与别人相处的基本原则。
elementary: a.初步的，初级的。elementary school小学
primary, elemental, elementary
这组词都有“基本的”的意思，其区别是：
primary: 可与作“初步的，初级”的elementary换用。
elemental: 强调属于事物的基础或本质。
elementary: 指属于事物的初步或起始阶段
adj. 基本的；初级的； [化学] 元素的
 - basic, fundamental, essential, primary, first

Word: inducement
Front: inducement
[ɪnˈdju:smənt] (16799/11692)
Vocabulary: inducement
(once / 1491 pages)
n
The act of persuading someone to do something is called inducement. If you're training a dog, you might use food as an inducement to make the dog do what you want. This works with some humans too.
The original meaning of the noun inducement came from the Latin verb inducere, meaning "to lead or persuade." Roman philosopher Seneca said, “There is no evil that does not promise inducements. Avarice promises money; luxury, a varied assortment of pleasures; ambition, a purple robe and applause. Vices tempt you by the rewards they offer.” So you can be seduced to bad behavior by some inducements or encouraged to good behavior by others. Would you like a treat?
WORD FAMILY
inducement: inducements+/ induce: induced, inducement, inducer, induces, inducing, inducive/induced: self-induced/inducer: inducers
USAGE EXAMPLES
During the height of their diplomatic competition, Beijing and Taipei frequently offered substantial economic inducements to woo allies.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
If you need more inducement: the track absolutely slays, with one of the heaviest and best-produced guitar sounds of this year.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Earlier this year, Massachusetts offered General Electric a nine-figure package of inducements to move its headquarters from Fairfield, Connecticut, to downtown Boston.
Slate(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 诱导，劝诱; 诱因，动机; [法]引言部分; 刺激物
分布：诱因(73%)，动机(27%)
→来自induce,引导，诱使。
引诱;劝诱(induce+ment)[duc,duct=lead,bring,表示"引导,带来"]
【记】induce（vt 劝诱；促使；引起）根：duce引导
【区】indite引带她（v 作诗，作曲）；indict（v 控告，指控）
【反】deterrent（n 威慑；威慑物）
US [-'du:s-] noun countable or uncountable
■an act or thing that is intended to persuade someone or something 引诱；引诱物；诱因
• financial / cash inducements 经济／金钱诱惑
• Those tenants are not going to swap life-time security for shorter-term leases without some inducement. 没有甚么好处的话，那些承租户是不会用终生保障换取较短期的租约的。
• [+ to infinitive] They offered voters a massive inducement to oust the president by announcing that sanctions would be lifted if there was 'democratic change'. 他们宣布如果该国进行“民主变革”，制裁就会取消，以此巨大诱惑诱使选民罢免总统。
n. 诱因，刺激物
 - stimulus, irritation

Word: fizzy
Front: fizzy
[ˈfɪzi] (30445/19826)
Back: adj. 嘶嘶的，泡沫腾涌的
级别：fizzier, fizziest
分布：起泡的(60%)，发嘶嘶声的(40%)
adjective
■having a lot of bubbles 起泡的
• fizzy orange/mineral water 起泡柳橙水／矿泉水
adj. 起泡沫的；嘶嘶作响的
 - spumescent, foamy

Word: frill
Front: frill
[frɪl] (18219/15080 -1)
Vocabulary: frill
(once / 3058 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Use the noun frill when you talk about a decorative strip used as trim. You might have a frill along the bottom of your favorite skirt.
The pleated trim or ruffle at the hem of a sweater or along the bottom of a sofa slipcover can be called a frill. You can also use the word in a more figurative way, to describe anything that's merely extra or for decoration: "The beginning of his speech was nothing but a frill," or "We need to work on our budget — first, let's cut out the frills, like getting our shoes shined and eating out every night."
WORD FAMILY
frill: frills, frilly +/ frilly: frillily
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said he sells them anywhere from $8,000 to more than $60,000 depending on customers’ requests for extra features and frills.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“Let’s talk about the extra frills in my contract.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Travelers are in a tizzy over United Airlines’ new “Basic Economy” fares, which offer fewer frills at a lower price of the airline’s other tickets.
Time(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 褶边; 装饰; [摄]胶片边缘的皱褶; [动]壳皱
vt. 使有褶; 加褶饰于…
vi. 起边皱
分布：加褶边于(25%)，褶皱(25%)，衣饰上的绉边(25%)，装腔作势.(25%)
→词源不详。可能来自fry, 煎炒，卷边。引申词义褶边，饰边。
noun
countable
■a long, narrow strip of cloth with folds along one side which is sewn along the edge of a piece of clothing or material for decoration （衣服等的）饰边，褶饰
• You could always sew a frill or two around the bottom of the skirt if you think it's too plain. 如果你认为这条裙子太过普通，可以在下摆缝上一两道饰边。
frills [plural] informal
■extra things that are added to something to make it more pleasant or more attractive, but that are not necessary 不必要的装饰，虚饰
• a cheap, no frills airline 价格便宜、经济实惠的航空公司
n. 装饰；褶边
 - decoration, adornment

Word: lamb
Front: lamb
[læm] (中高研四六雅 5590/4170 -2)
Vocabulary: lamb
(once / 882 pages)
1nv 2n
A lamb is a baby sheep. Most female sheep, or ewes, give birth to one or two lambs each spring. Lambs are so cute that they tend to show up in nursery rhymes — as in "Mary had a little lamb." Awwww.
When you're petting a newborn sheep, you can call it a lamb, but if you're eating meat that comes from this same animal, it's a mass noun, lamb without the a. The word can be a verb too, as when a ewe lambs, or gives birth, and it's been a common pet name, especially for a young child, since at least the eleventh century: "Okay, time for bed, lamb!"
WORD FAMILY
lamb: lambed, lambing, lamblike, lambs
USAGE EXAMPLES
The cutout of Christ and a lamb allows the prairie in the distance to become part of the artwork.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The cookie-baking retirees were planning a party to welcome her the Syrian way, by feasting on a newly slaughtered lamb on her 40th day.
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
The 11 sheep - two rams, three lambs and six radio-collared ewes - are part of the Asotin band that Cassirer is closely monitoring.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 羔羊，小羊; 羔羊肉; <宗>耶稣
vi. 生小羊，产羊羔
时态：lambed, lambing, lambs
分布：羔羊(52%)，小羊(34%)，羔羊肉(12%)，产羊羔(1%)，温顺的人(1%)
→词源不详。
n.羔羊,小羊;羔羊肉L-of God (=the Lamb)【宗】耶稣基督.
noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a young sheep, or the flesh of a young sheep eaten as meat 羊羔，小羊；羊羔肉
• lambs gambolling about in the fields 在牧场上跳来跳去的一群羊羔
• lamb chops 羊排
• roast lamb 烤羊肉
⇒ See also mutton
[læm] noun countable or uncountable
Lamb of God
■in the Christian religion, a name for Christ 上帝的羔羊（基督的别称）
[læm] noun countable or uncountable
like a lamb to the slaughter
■If a person does something or goes somewhere like a lamb to the slaughter, they do it without knowing that something bad is going to happen and therefore act calmly and without fighting against the situation. 如同待宰羔羊，温顺地
[læm] verb intransitive
■When sheep lamb, they give birth to lambs. 产羊羔，生小羊
n. [食品] [畜牧] 羔羊，小羊；羔羊肉
 - kidlet, yeanling

Word: lenient
Front: lenient
[ˈli:niənt] (雅宝 16056/15286 -1)
Vocabulary: lenient
(once / 1904 pages)
adj
If you're not overly strict, and you show tolerance and mercy when someone does something wrong, you're being lenient.
Lenient means tolerant or relaxed, and is usually used when we’re talking about someone’s attitude toward discipline. In 19th-century child-rearing books, we often read about strict teachers who punish children just for squirming in their seats. These days teachers are more likely to be lenient, more understanding. If you're a big fan of discipline and punishment, however, lenient might mean "soft" or "indulgent."
WORD FAMILY
lenient: lenience, leniency, leniently+/ leniency: leniencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
The original peace deal, rejected at a referendum on 2 October, was seen by many as too lenient towards the rebels.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Anderson ultimately rejected Baca’s plea deal, saying it was too lenient.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Others accused the court of being unnecessarily lenient on Lagarde.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 宽大的，仁慈的; <古>减轻痛苦的，缓解的; 宽容
分布：宽大的(61%)，仁慈的(39%)
→来自拉丁语lenis,温和的，宽容的，词源同let,lassitude.
【记】le乐，ni你，ent：你总是乐象米勒佛一样仁慈的。读：列宁t－宽大仁慈的
adjective
■not as severe or strong in punishment or judgment as would be expected （处罚或判决）宽容的，宽大的，从轻的
• They believe that judges are too lenient with terrorist suspects. 他们认为法官对恐怖嫌疑分子过于宽容。
• In view of the quantity of drugs involved, 16 years was the most lenient sentence (= punishment) the judge could impose. 就涉及的毒品数量而言，16年徒刑已是法官所能作出的最轻判决了。
adj. 宽大的；仁慈的
 - liberal, humane

Word: pierce
Front: pierce
[pɪəs] (研四六托雅宝 6839/8742 -2)
Vocabulary: pierce
(once / 246 pages)
v
If something pokes your hand, you will probably look at your hand to see if it pierced the skin. To pierce means to go right through, especially with something sharp.
Pierce has several meanings, but they all involve something sharp penetrating something else, like scissors through a plastic bag or a pen through a pocket. You can also pierce confusion by saying something that makes everything clear. Another meaning has to do with sound. Much like a knife, a sharp sound can pierce the silence and a loud, high shriek will pierce your ears.
WORD FAMILY
pierce: pierced, pierces, piercing+/pierced: unpierced/piercing: piercinger, piercingest, piercingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The squash is ready when it is readily pierced with a paring knife.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The force of Hopper’s art is located within the piercing sense of possibility that the paintings convey, the sense of ambiguity and essential unknowability.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
The photos and videos from that era show Michael with long locks, piercing eyes and a cheerful, show-stopping smile.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 刺穿，戳穿; 刺破; 洞察; 深深打动
vi. 进入; 透入
时态：pierced, piercing, pierces
分布：穿透(53%)，刺穿(44%)，洞悉(3%)
→来自古法语percer,穿透，刺穿，改写自拉丁语pertundere,穿透，刺穿，来自per-,通过，穿过，tundere,击，打，捣，词源同obtuse,contustion.
v.剌穿,刺破The unyielding man fiercely pierced the shield in the field.那个不屈的人凶猛地刺穿田野里的盾牌.
US [pɪrs] verb
intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
■to go into or through something, making a hole in it using a sharp point 刺穿，刺透，刺破
• The needle pierces the fabric four times a second. 针穿过布料的速度是每秒钟四次。
• I couldn't wear these earrings because my ears aren't pierced. 我没法戴这些耳环，因为我没有穿耳洞。
• The gun fires a shell capable of piercing the armour of an enemy tank. 这种炮所发射的炮弹能打穿敌人坦克的装甲。
• The hole they drilled pierces 6 km into the Earth's crust. 他们钻的孔深入地壳六公里。
transitive
■(of a light, sound, etc.) to suddenly be seen or heard, despite darkness, noise, etc （光、声音等）透入，进入
• A few rays of sunlight pierced the smoke. 几缕阳光穿透了烟雾。
thrust, pierce, penetrate, prick, stab
这组词都有“刺入，穿透”的意思，其区别是：
thrust: 本义是使某物进入或把某物刺进或使之穿透某物，有时侧重穿透、刺入。
pierce: 多指人为地用刀刺、剑等尖锐东西刺穿或刺入某物。
penetrate: 较正式用词，可指用任何工具穿入或穿透，也可指光线、声音等透过物体。
prick: 一般指用针等刺穿。
stab: 主要指利器刺入、刺伤，如用匕首、短刀等。
vt. 刺穿；洞察；响彻；深深地打动
 - cut through, transpierce
vi. 进入；透入
 - come into, go into, get into, enter into

Word: torment
Front: torment
[ˈtɔ:ment] (研六托雅宝 12020/12113 -2)
Vocabulary: torment
(once / 280 pages)
nv
By repeatedly trying to make someone miserable you torment them. The noun torment is the result of the verb torment.
After stealing the old lady's purse, you might expect to be tormented by many sleepless nights. Those nights without sleep will torment (tor-MENT) you. They are your torment (TOR-ment). Perhaps you shouldn't have done that. You'll doubtless notice the relationship between torture and torment. But the subtle difference between them is that to torment someone is to torture them repeatedly. Often this is used metaphorically. For example, calling someone over and over to demand payment isn't actually torture, but it's certainly a way to torment them.
WORD FAMILY
torment: self-torment, tormented, tormenter, tormenting, tormentor, torments+/ tormented: tormentedly/tormenter: tormenters/tormentor: tormentors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Baker imbues the character with a tormented single-mindedness that neatly defines his predicament.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Neutrality helps the oppressor, never the victim. Silence encourages the tormentor, never the tormented. Sometimes we must interfere.”
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
First it wants to continue to torment the Big Ten.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 折磨，痛苦; 痛苦的根源; 刑罚
vt. & vi. 使折磨，使痛苦; 使烦乱; 纠缠
时态：tormented, tormenting, torments
分布：折磨(77%)，苦痛(8%)，使苦恼(6%)，拷问(5%)，烦恼(4%)
→来自拉丁语 torquere,扭曲，词源同 turn,torque.-ment,名词后缀。引申词义折磨，痛苦。
苦恼;拷问(tor[=tort]+ment→扭的状态→拷问：苦恼)[tort=twist表示"扭曲"]
n.折磨;令人痛苦的东西(人)vt.折磨;纠缠My wife is a real torment to me.我的老婆真令我苦恼.
【记】tor扭曲，ment－扭曲你－折磨
US [ˈtɔːr-]
uncountable
■great mental suffering and unhappiness, or great physical pain 折磨；痛苦
• The family said they had endured years of torment and abuse at the hands of the neighbours. 这家人说多年来他们一直忍受着邻居们的欺凌羞辱。
• Waiting for the result of the medical tests was sheer torment. 等待医疗检查的结果简直就是一种折磨。
• He spent the night in torment, trying to decide what was the best thing to do. 他在痛苦中渡过了那个晚上，思量着最好该怎么做。
torments [plural] * great mental suffering and unhappiness
• Nothing can describe the torments we went through while we were waiting for news. 我们在等待消息时所受的精神折磨是无法用语言描述的。
countable
■something or someone that causes great suffering or anger 痛苦（或烦恼）之源
• The tax forms were an annual torment to him. 纳税申报表每年都让他头痛。
verb transitive UK [tɔːˈment] US [tɔːr-/
■to cause a person or animal to suffer or worry 折磨；使痛苦
• The animals are tormented mercilessly by flies and mosquitoes. 动物受到苍蝇和蚊子的无情折磨。
• The camera focused on a group of women whose faces were tormented by/with (= showed that they were suffering) grief. 照相机对准了一群满脸忧伤的妇女。
• It tormented me all day - did I remember to lock the door when I left the house? 这件事折磨了我一整天——我离开家时记得锁门了吗？
sorrow, agony, grief, anguish, torment, distress, misery, torture
这组词都有“苦恼、痛苦”的意思，其区别是：
sorrow: 语气比grief弱，指因不幸、损失或失望等所产生的悲伤。
agony: 侧重指精神或身体痛苦的剧烈程度。
grief: 指由某种特殊处境或原因造成的强烈的感情上的苦恼与悲痛。
anguish: 指精神方面令人难以忍受的极度痛苦；用于身体时，多指局部或暂时的痛苦。
torment: 强调烦恼或痛苦的长期性。
distress: 多指因思想上的压力紧张、恐惧、忧虑等所引起的精神上的痛苦，也可指某种灾难带来的痛苦。
misery: 着重痛苦的可悲状态，多含不幸、可怜或悲哀的意味。
torture: 语气比toment强，指在精神或肉体上受到的折磨所产生的痛苦。
vt. 折磨，使痛苦；纠缠，作弄
 - harry, pursue, worry, trouble, tear
n. 痛苦，苦恼；痛苦的根源
 - smart, hurt

Word: spar
Front: spar
[spɑ:(r)] (18251/16779 -1)
Vocabulary: spar
(once / 982 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
If you spar with someone, you exchange light blows — either literally by punching each other, or figuratively by exchanging verbal blows.
If you box, you might spar with an opponent at the gym while you're training. You don't strike too hard — it’s just practice. Similarly, if you spar with words, you typically do it playfully and without anger. You might repeatedly spar with your mom about who makes the best meatloaf, but it’s all in good fun. Spar is also the name of a rigging pole, as well as of some light minerals like calcite, that you can cut through.
WORD FAMILY
spar: sparred, sparring, spars+/sparring: sparrings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In between, Democrats and Republicans sparred repeatedly about that number.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Father Pfleger, who often spars with elected officials, said he was searching for fresh ways to draw attention to the plague of gun violence.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
A British Boxing Board of Control hearing into the unsanctioned sparring session will be held in January.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 圆材，晶石; [航]翼梁; 拳斗; 斗鸡
vi. （拳击练习中）不用力打; 试击; 争论，争吵; （鸡）用脚踢斗
时态：sparred, sparring, spars
分布：争吵(55%)，拳击(27%)，金属柱(9%)，拳击赛(9%)
→可能来自中古法语 esparer,踢，击打，来自意大利语 sparare,踢，投掷，来自拉丁语 ex-,向外， parere,准备，挡开，词源同 prepare,parry.原指斗鸡游戏开斗时准备，后用于指人的拳击练习， 引申比喻义争论，讨论，通常在比较友好的氛围下进行。spar 桅杆，翼梁
US [spɑ:r] verb intransitive (-rr-)
■to practise boxing , without hitting hard （作为练习）轻拳出击
■to argue 争论，争吵
• Frank and Jill always spar with each other at meetings, but they're good friends really. 法兰克和吉尔总是在会议上争吵，可他俩确实是好朋友。
UK [spɑ:r] US [spɑ:r] noun countable specialized
■a strong pole, especially one used as a mast to hold the sail on a ship （尤指船上用作桅杆的）圆材
n. [矿物] 晶石；圆材（如桅、桁等）；争论；拳斗
 - controversy, combat
vi. 争论；拳击
 - box, debate

Word: presumption
Front: presumption
[prɪˈzʌmpʃn] (托雅宝 9906/8869 -1)
Vocabulary: presumption
(once / 650 pages)
n
The noun presumption pretty much means jumping to conclusions. It is taking something for granted — an idea, an answer, an event — without having any real knowledge about it, and that is usually not a good thing.
Making a presumption means assuming something is true or false without getting all the information necessary for verification. You can decipher this from the prefix pre, which means "before," together with the sume — from the Latin sumere, "to take." Because so many times a presumption turns out to be false, the word has a negative connotation to it; there's something reckless about making up your mind before you know all the facts.
WORD FAMILY
presumption: presumptions, presumptuous +/presumable: presumably / presume: presumable, presumed, presumes, presuming, presumption, presumptive / presumptive: presumptively/ presumptuous: presumptuously, presumptuousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even the nickname for the role, Guardian Angel, was freighted with a presumption of unerring perfection and righteous power.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Beam believes Wilson’s most egregious transgression was assuming he understood the forces that shaped Nabokov, a presumption Nabokov found repellent.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
To overturn that presumption of permanence and continuity, any future group petitioning the university for renaming will need to address four principles.
Slate(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 推测，设想; 放肆，傲慢; <律>推定
分布：推测(55%)，放肆(26%)，冒昧(13%)，可能性(6%)
→来自presume,假设，假定，-pt,过去分词格。引申词义自以为是，妄自尊大。
假定;专横(pre+sumpt+ion)[sum,sumpt=take表示"拿,取"]
【记】源于：presume（v 假定）
【参】presupposition（n 预想；假设）
noun countable or uncountable
■when you believe that something is true without having any proof 推定，推测，假定
• The presumption of innocence is central to British law. 英国法律的核心是无罪假定。
• There is no scientific evidence to support such presumptions. 并无科学依据支持这样的推测。
• [+ that] The decision is based on the presumption that all information must be freely available. 这个决定是建立在一切资讯都必须免费提供的假定之上的。
supposition, assumption, hypothesis, presumption
这组词都有“假设，假想”的意思，其区别是：
supposition: 可与assumption换用，还可表某种试探性的主观看法或建议。
assumption: 侧重主观推测或主观设想。
hypothesis: 书面用词，指有待作进一步检验或证实的假设。
presumption: 着重指以可能性为依据的假设。
n. 放肆，傲慢；推测
 - importance, theory, speculation, guess, projection

Word: snuff
Front: snuff
[snʌf] (14700/18647 -1)
Back: vt. 剪（烛）花; 扑灭，熄灭（烛光）; 消灭，扼杀; 嗅
vi. 死去; 熄灭（火焰）; （伤风鼻阻时）呼呼地吸（气），吸入; 闻，嗅
n. 烛花，灯花; 鼻烟; 气息
时态：snuffed, snuffing, snuffs
分布：鼻烟(60%)，扼杀(11%)，掐灭(7%)，烛花(7%)，剪烛花(7%)，抽鼻子(5%)，嗅(3%)
→来自辅音丛 sn-,鼻子，闻，嗅，发鼻音，比较 sneer,snore,snicker,sniff,snuff.引申词义鼻烟。
noun uncountable
■tobacco in the form of a powder for breathing into the nose 鼻烟
• Very few people take snuff nowadays. 现在很少有人吸鼻烟了。
[snʌf] verb transitive
■to put out a flame, especially from a candle, usually by covering it with something 熄灭，吹灭
• One by one she snuffed the candles. 她把蜡烛一支支地吹灭。
[snʌf] verb transitive
snuff it mainly UK informal
■to die 死亡，断气
[snʌf] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] snuff sth out informal
■to cause something to end suddenly （突然地）结束，扼杀
• The country has been able to celebrate the return of its independence so brutally snuffed out in 1940. 该国于1940年被无情地剥夺了独立地位，如今它终于可以庆祝自己重获独立。
■to put out a flame, especially from a candle 吹灭，熄灭（尤指蜡烛）
• One by one she snuffed out the candles. 她把蜡烛一支支地吹灭。
[snʌf] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] snuff sb out US slang
■to kill someone 杀死，干掉（某人）
vt. 剪烛花；掐灭；消灭；嗅出
 - destroy, eradicate
n. 鼻烟；烛花；灯花
 - snus
vi. 扑灭；断气；嗅
 - smell, stamp out

Word: altar
Front: altar
[ˈɔ:ltə(r)] (5661/5800 -1)
Vocabulary: altar
(once / 216 pages)
n
An altar is a raised area in a house of worship where people can honor God with offerings. It is prominent in the Bible as "God's table," a sacred place for sacrifices and gifts offered up to God.
The word altar comes from the Latin altārium, meaning "high," and also to the Latin adolere, which means "to ritually burn or sacrifice," which suggests its early purpose as detailed in the Bible. Nowadays, the altar is the place for non-sacrificial religious rites such as communion or weddings, and is a metaphor for offerings. Comedian Stephen Fry once said, “I am a lover of truth, a worshipper of freedom, a celebrant at the altar of language and purity and tolerance.”
WORD FAMILY
altar: altars
USAGE EXAMPLES
With a permanent smile fixed on her face, she runs to the altar and settles into a life of suburban contentment.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
The float will be festooned with thousands of flowers beneath a giant gold crown, which will serve as a makeshift altar for the ceremony.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“Under the Shadow”: This unsettling film tells a truly terrifying ghost story that doesn’t sacrifice its profound themes at the altar of scaring the audience.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 祭坛，圣坛; 圣餐台
分布：祭坛(100%)
→词根al, 滋养。此处用于宗教义，指祭祀神灵。同时，受词根alt强化，alt, 高。
祭坛(alt+ar→高出的东西→祭坛)[alt=high,表示"高"]
祭坛(alt高+ar...离出地面...祭坛)[-ar 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,物"]
UK ['ɒl-] US ['ɑ:l.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a type of table used in ceremonies in a Christian church or in other religious buildings 圣坛，祭坛
n. 祭坛；圣坛；圣餐台
 - prothesis

Word: unjust
Front: unjust
[ˌʌnˈdʒʌst] (四六 10866/9703 -1)
Vocabulary: unjust
(once / 343 pages)
adj
Something or someone that is unjust is just not fair. An unjust boss might fire you the very first time you're late for work.
You might think of the word justice in order to remember the meaning of the word just, which means "fairness or righteousness." An unjust judge does not play by the rules; he might send a person to jail even though there isn't enough evidence that a crime was committed. Unjust behavior is improper or dishonest: "The professor acted in an unjust manner when he gave everyone an F just because there was a rumor that his students didn’t like him."
WORD FAMILY
unjust: unjuster, unjustest, unjustly, unjustness+/ just: juster, justest, justly, justness, justs, unjust /unjustness: unjustnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Lee’s best qualities are overshadowed by his leadership in a war that centered on the unjust enslavement of human beings.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“It’s unjust. You are holding accountable the whole country for the actions of one company.”
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
As Aleppo residents returned to neighborhoods, they often reflected on the unjust randomness of urban warfare.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 不公平的; 非正义的; 不讲信用的
分布：不公平的(100%)
非正义的(un+just公正的)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
[ʌn'dʒʌst] disapproving
adjective
■not fair 不公平的，不公正的； 非正义的
adj. 不公平的，不公正的；非正义的
 - partial, unfair, inequitable

Word: bio
Front: bio
['bi:əʊ] (17047/28524)
Back: n. （尤其供公开发表的）个人简历(biography的缩写)
分布：个人经历(40%)，表示“生命”(40%)，“生物”(20%)
n. 个人简历，小传
 - personal resume, curriculum vita

Word: antarctic

Word: commune
Front: commune
[ˈkɒmju:n] (宝 14138/12245 -1)
Vocabulary: commune
(once / 445 pages)
1v 2v 3n 4n
A commune is a group living situation where people share everything. Communes were popular with the peace-loving hippies of the 1960s.
In Europe, a commune is a small administrative district. But in America, it's a way of life. A bunch of people with similar beliefs might all decide to get a big house and live communally, sharing the cooking, bills, and everything else. You can also commune with something, like nature: that means to be in tune with nature and very receptive to it. To commune can also mean to receive the Catholic communion.
WORD FAMILY
commune: communed, communes, communing, communion, communise, communize+/ communion: communions, intercommunion/communise: communisation/communize: communization, communized, communizing/intercommunion: intercommunions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The commune welcomed children, as long as they were brought up in proper collective fashion.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
She worked as an office manager before moving to a women’s commune and beginning law school at Northeastern University in Boston.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But they transcended those forces to commune with space, and thereby redefined themselves and those around them.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 公社; 亲密的会谈
vi. 交谈，谈心; 密切联系; <美>接受圣餐
时态：communed, communing, communes
分布：公社(81%)，交流(18%)，交换思想、意见或感受(1%)
→词源同common，公共。
商量,交谈n.公社(com共同+mune→大家一起→商量,引申为大家的地方→公社)[muni,mun=public,表示"公共的"]
US ['kɑ:.mju:n] noun
GROUP 团体
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of families or single people who live and work together sharing possessions and responsibilities 公社；群居团体
• She left her husband to join a women's commune. 她离开丈夫，加入了一个妇女群居团体。
UK ['kɒm.ju:n] US ['kɑ:.mju:n] noun
GOVERNMENT 政府
countable
■in some countries, a unit of local government 公社（某些国家的地方行政单位）
UK ['kɒm.ju:n] US ['kɑ:.mju:n] verb intransitive formal
■to get very close to someone or something by exchanging feelings or thoughts 亲密交谈；交流；接触；交融
• Lying naked in the grass, among the trees and birds, he felt he had communed with nature. 赤裸裸地躺在草地上，置身于树木和鸟儿中间，他觉得自己与大自然融为一体。
vi. 谈心，亲密交谈；密切联系
 - tie up

Word: deduct
Front: deduct
[dɪˈdʌkt] (研六雅宝 11281/7941 -2)
Vocabulary: deduct
(once / 649 pages)
v
To deduct is to remove or take away some amount. If your boss deducts money from your paycheck because you're always late to work, she subtracts it.
When taxes are withheld from your salary, your employer deducts them to pay your contribution. Each time you use a debit card, it deducts the amount you spend from your bank account. A different way to deduct is to come to a reasoned, thoughtful conclusion, or to deduce. The two words were once interchangeable, while now it's more common to use deduct to mean "remove a portion," and deduce to mean "infer logically."
WORD FAMILY
deduct: deducted, deductible, deducting, deduction, deducts+/ deductible: deductibles, nondeductible/ deduction: deductions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The amount will be deducted from any benefits they already receive.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Hanging on the wall near Smith’s birthday cake was this plaque: “Time spent flying is not deducted from one’s lifespan.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
And he says Americans will be able to deduct their child-care and elder-care expenses from their taxes, among other changes.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 扣除，减去; 演绎
时态：deducted, deducting, deducts
分布：扣除(87%)，演绎(13%)
→de-, 向下。-duct, 拉，引导，词源同induce, conduct.即向下拉掉，减去，扣除。
vt.扣除;演绎(推理)The teacher deducted ten marks for bad handwriting.因书写不好, 老师扣了十分.
verb transitive
■to take away an amount or part from a total 减，减去；扣除
• The player had points deducted (from his score) for arguing with the referee. 那名运动员因与裁判争辩而被扣分。
vt. 扣除，减去；演绎
 - net of, substract

Word: indiscriminate
Front: indiscriminate
[ˌɪndɪsˈkrɪmɪnət] (16321/14046 -1)
Vocabulary: indiscriminate
(once / 1545 pages)
adj
Nuclear bombs are indiscriminate, as are earthquakes. They affect everyone in their path rather than picking or choosing. When something is indiscriminate, it makes no fine distinctions.
A dog who eats everything could be said to have indiscriminate taste. If you walk into a store and buy the first pair of pants in your size, no matter what they look like, you are an indiscriminate shopper. Usually though, you'll hear the word used to describe violent acts or natural events because these things do not have a specific target. They affect all people without considering the differences in their lives.
WORD FAMILY
indiscriminate: indiscriminately, indiscriminatingly+/ discriminate: discriminable, discriminated, discriminately, discriminates, discriminating, discriminatingly, discrimination, discriminative, discriminator, discriminatory, indiscriminate / discriminating: indiscriminating, undiscriminating/ discrimination: discriminations, non-discrimination/discriminative: discriminatively/discriminator: discriminators/discriminatory: discriminatorily/undiscriminating: undiscriminatingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In October of 1992, heavily armed military police stormed the penitentiary to quell a riot, spurring charges of indiscriminate killing by authorities.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Mosul’s Sunnis long complained that the Shiite-dominated security forces treated them with suspicion and targeted them in indiscriminate crackdowns.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
There is no indiscriminate bombing or shelling of apartment buildings; no executions of women and children; no mass disappearances of men.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 不加选择的，不分青红皂白的; 随意的，任性的，任意的; 眼内无珠; 汗漫不可收拾
分布：不加选择的(51%)，不加区别的(33%)，任意的(16%)
→in-,不，非，discriminate,有选择的，有鉴别的。
【记】discriminate（v 歧视；区别待遇）
【反】fastidious（adj 难取悦的；苛求的）
adjective
■not showing careful thought or planning, especially so that harm results 不加思考的，未加计划的，任意的（尤指带来不良后果）
• an indiscriminate terrorist attack on civilians 对平民肆意的恐怖袭击
• The indiscriminate use of fertilizers can cause long-term problems. 滥用化肥可能导致长期的问题。
adj. 任意的；无差别的；不分皂白的
 - random, arbitrary

Word: mishap
Front: mishap
[ˈmɪshæp] (托雅 14062/14438 -1)
Vocabulary: mishap
(once / 1512 pages)
n
Don’t cry over spilled milk, it is just a minor mishap — a misfortune. If the surgeon operates on the wrong leg when you go in for knee surgery? Now, that’s a mishap to get upset about.
You might assume that hap is short for happening, but it is actually an Old Norse word for "luck." So with mis ("bad") in front of it, it literally means “bad luck.” Mishaps can be accidents of great consequence or minimal consequence. People often say that an event went off “without a mishap,” meaning that it went smoothly. Hopefully this will be the case if you ever get knee surgery.
WORD FAMILY
mishap: mishaps+/hap: hapless, happed, happing, haps, mishap / hapless: haplessly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here are some of the most awkward mishaps on record:
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Regan, 29, wrote the story, attracting thousands of readers to Borderstan, and publications across the country wrote their own stories on the flatulence mishap.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
In the final part, we look back at the fails, the mishaps and false steps of the year:
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 灾祸; 不幸事故
分布：灾祸(67%)，恶运(22%)，不幸之事(11%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，hap,机会，运气，词源同happy.
坏运气,不幸(mis+hap运气→运气不好)[mis-表示"错误,坏"]
不幸,灾祸(mis坏+hap→坏运气→不幸)[hap=chance,表示"机会,运气"]
【记】mis坏，hap（n 运气）mis＝miss错过，hap＝happening（n 发生）：错过好事发生－霉运
【参】misinform（v 告诉错误的消息）；misinterpret（v 曲解）
noun countable or uncountable
■bad luck, or an unlucky event or accident 厄运；不幸事故
• The parade was very well organised and passed without mishap. 游行队伍组织得很好，通过时没有发生意外。
• A series of mishaps led to the nuclear power plant blowing up. 一连串不幸事故导致核电厂发生爆炸。
n. 灾祸；不幸事故；晦气
 - disaster, misfortune

Word: omega
Front: omega
[ˈəʊmɪgə] (23100/22650)
Back: n. 欧米加（希腊字母的最后一个字）; 欧米茄，国际著名制表企业和品牌
分布：末尾(67%)，希腊字母的最后一个字(33%)
→来自希腊语omega,即big O.比较omicron.
n. 最后；终了；希腊字母的最后一个字Ω
 - last, ultimum

Word: oppressive
Front: oppressive
[əˈpresɪv] (9660/8659 -1)
Vocabulary: oppressive
(once / 918 pages)
adj
Think of something crushing you, and you will understand what oppressive is. It can be something that crushes your spirit, like a bad relationship, or something that crushes you with its tyranny, like the oppressive rule of a dictator.
Oppressive comes in many flavors; laws can be oppressive, governments can be oppressive, even relationships can be oppressive. The adjective oppressive is heavy stuff; it can feel like you can't breathe, like something is choking you: "His oppressive behavior made me feel like I was being smothered." If something is just too intense, and not in a good way, that also can feel oppressive.
WORD FAMILY
oppressive: oppressively, oppressiveness+/ oppress: oppressed, oppresses, oppressing, oppression, oppressive, oppressor / oppression: oppressions/ oppressor: oppressors
USAGE EXAMPLES
To Clark, the cruelty only reinforced her ideas about the oppressive system.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
“The wallpaper is a bit oppressive,” Julieta observes, and she’s being kind.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Syria’s opposition, to them, are agents of Saudi Arabia’s Wahhabism and the United States’ imperialism, rather than people who rose up against an oppressive regime.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 沉重的; 压迫的; 压抑的; 沉闷
分布：压迫的(41%)，压抑的(36%)，沉重的(18%)，闷热难受的(5%)
→来自oppress,压制，压迫，-ive,形容词后缀。
adjective
CRUEL 暴虐的
■cruel and unfair 压迫的；压制的；暴虐的
• an oppressive government/military regime 暴虐的政府／军事政权
[ə'pres.ɪv] adjective
FEELINGS 感觉
■causing anxiety 令人焦躁的；令人压抑的；令人烦恼的
• an oppressive silence 令人难耐的静寂
■If the weather or heat is oppressive, it is too hot and there is no wind （天气）闷热的，令人窒息的
• We were unable to sleep because of the oppressive heat. 天气闷热得令人窒息，我们难以入睡。
adj. 压迫的；沉重的；压制性的；难以忍受的
 - heavy, impossible

Word: neural
Front: neural
[ˈnjʊərəl] (10490/9310 -1)
Back: adj. 神经的; 背的，背侧的
分布：神经的(100%)
→词源同nerve,跟腱，筋，神经。
神经的[meur=mene,表示"神经"]
US ['nʊr.əl] adjective [before noun]
■involving a nerve or the system of nerves that includes the brain 神经的；神经系统的
• Some people suffered severe neural damage as a result of the vaccination. 有些人接种这种疫苗后神经受到严重损伤。
adj. [解剖] 神经的；神经系统的；背的；神经中枢的
 - nervous, dorsal

Word: scion
Front: scion
[ˈsaɪən] (宝 17347/27297)
Vocabulary: scion
(once / 2228 pages)
n
Use the word scion when talking about a young member of a family that is known to be wealthy, powerful or otherwise important, such as a prince, heiress or the children of, say, the President.
Scion sounds a little bit like son, which is helpful because it almost always means the son, daughter or descendant of a rich or prominent family. Its earliest examples were used to refer to the young shoots of larger, older plants. It's not surprising, then, that over the centuries its meaning has shifted to include the human offspring of certain well-established families. These days it's invariably used to talk about a person such as Prince William or, say, the late John F. Kennedy, Jr. — both of whom are or were scions of their respective families.
WORD FAMILY
scion: scions
USAGE EXAMPLES
A witness told police that McCauleygot into her Scion near her house on North Capitol Street and drove away alone about 6 p.m.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Umanzor lost control of the car, police said, and the Scion ran off the road, rolling as Ramirez was ejected from the vehicle.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
But, married to an ambitious scion, she was accustomed to hobnobbing with the rich and powerful.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 接穗，幼枝; （尤指富家）子孙
分布：接穗(61%)，后裔(31%)，幼枝(8%)
→来自古法语 sion,cion,幼枝，接穗，可能来自古法语 scier,剪，切，来自拉丁语 secare,剪，切， 词源同 segment,scythe.引申词义后人，子孙，尤指名门望族的子弟。
【记】sci切，on上边：把人的上面切点，人变矮了－子孙
【反】ancestor（n 祖先）
['saɪ.ən] literary
noun countable
■a young member of a rich and famous family 豪门望族的后裔，富家子弟
• He's the scion of a very wealthy newspaper-publishing family. 他出身于报业世家，家境富裕。
n. [农学] 接穗；子孙
 - child, seed

Word: paradigm
Front: paradigm
[ˈpærədaɪm] (研宝 5201/7401 -1)
Vocabulary: paradigm
(once / 10190 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A paradigm is a standard, perspective, or set of ideas. A paradigm is a way of looking at something.
A paradigm is a new way of looking or thinking about something. This word comes up a lot in the academic, scientific, and business worlds. A new paradigm in business could mean a new way of reaching customers and making money. In education, relying on lectures is a paradigm: if you suddenly shifted to all group work, that would be a new paradigm. When you change paradigms, you're changing how you think about something.
WORD FAMILY
paradigm: paradigmatic, paradigms
USAGE EXAMPLES
The company is plugging into what it refers to as a “paradigm shift” in how business leaders view office space.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The study authors say it's time for a “paradigm shift” in thinking about cheetah conservation.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
It was at least as much due to aging: My aesthetic reflexes weren’t fast enough to kick it with Lemonade’s immediate multimedia paradigm shift.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 范例，样式，模范; 词形变化表
分布：范例(79%)，典范(19%)，示范(2%)
→para-,在旁，在周围，-dig,指出，展示，说，词源同dictionary,digit.即在旁边指出的，作为参考的，引申词义范例，典范。
范例,示范(para+digm显示→在旁边显示给(别人)→示范)[para-①表示"半,类似,辅助"②表示"在旁边"③表示"降落伞"]
【记】para旁边，dig挖，m－在旁边挖井给大家水喝－榜样
【参】paradigmatic（adj 作为示范的，典范的）
US ['per-] formal
noun countable
■a model of something, or a very clear and typical example of something 范例，示例
• Some of these educators are hoping to produce a change in the current cultural paradigm. 这些教育家中有些希望改变当今的文化典型。
n. 范例；词形变化表
 - exemplification

Word: shrimp
Front: shrimp
[ʃrɪmp] (六托 4144/10603 -1)
Back: n. 虾，小虾; 矮小的人
v. 捕虾
时态：shrimped, shrimping, shrimps
分布：虾(99%)，钓虾(1%)
→来自中古英语 schrimpe,虾，来自 Proto-Germanic*skrimpaz,弯，转，sker,弯，转，词源 同 ring,curve,scrimp.因虾蜷曲的身形而得名。
noun
ANIMAL 动物
countable or uncountable (plural shrimps or shrimp) (UK also prawn)
■a small sea animal with a thin shell, ten legs and long tail, or its pink curved body eaten as food 小海虾；（食用的）小虾仁
• shrimp cocktail/paste 鲜虾冷盘／虾酱
[ʃrɪmp] noun
PERSON 人
countable (plural shrimps) informal disapproving
■an extremely short person 矮子，矬子
n. [水产] 虾；小虾；矮小的人
 - small, crevette
vi. 捕虾
 - prawn

Word: pounce
Front: pounce
[paʊns] (雅 12494/11739 -1)
Vocabulary: pounce
(once / 1454 pages)
vn
To pounce is to attack suddenly by leaping onto your prey. A tiger will slowly sneak up on its prey and then suddenly pounce, using speed as much as strength to make the kill.
Of all the animals, cats are the best at pouncing. Snakes strike. Elephants charge. But when an animal leaps onto its prey, that's pouncing. When we talk about how people pounce, however, we're usually talking more figuratively. When we say that a person pounced on another person, we mean that they attacked viciously without warning — usually giving the victim no time to defend themselves. Lawyers pounce on witnesses, for example. If you feel suddenly ganged-up on, you might feel pounced upon.
WORD FAMILY
pounce: pounced, pounces, pouncing
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the Falcons pounced on a second onside try with 38 seconds remaining, securing the victory.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Stumble in the process and the critics will be quick to pounce.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
When the sandwich arrived, in a riot of glitter, hymn and angel wings, both men pounced on Mr. Broderick’s religious inheritance.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 突袭，猛扑; 掌握，抓住
vt. 扑过去抓住
n. 猛扑; 爪
时态：pounced, pouncing, pounces
分布：猛扑(46%)，抓住(24%)，突然袭击(10%)，袭击(10%)，撒吸墨粉(5%)，吸墨粉(5%)
→来自古法语ponchon,标枪，矛，刺，词源同punch,puncture.比喻用法，引申词义鹰爪，猛扑，突袭等。
verb intransitive
■to jump or move quickly in order to catch or take hold of something 猛扑，猛冲，突然袭击
• The cat sat in the tree ready to pounce on the ducks below. 树上的猫准备扑向下面的鸭子。
• The police were waiting to pounce when he arrived at the airport. 他到达机场时，警方正等着抓他。
[paʊnts] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  pounce on sth
CRITICIZE
■to immediately criticize a mistake 立即批评（错误）
• He knows that his critics are waiting to pounce on any slip that he makes. 他知道他的批评者们正等着紧咬他的任何差错。
ACCEPT
■to accept something quickly and with enthusiasm 欣然接受
• I think if she were given the opportunity to work here, she'd pounce on it. 我觉得如果给她机会在这里工作，她会欣然接受的。
vi. 突袭，猛扑
 - sweep down, bound on
n. 猛扑，爪
 - talon, unguis

Word: vapour
Front: vapour
[ˈveɪpə(r)] (研四六 -/7949 -1)
Back: n. 潮气，水汽; 蒸汽（等于vapor）
adj. 蒸发的，自夸的
分布：蒸气(52%)，水蒸气(32%)，蒸发(9%)，雾气(5%)，吹嘘(2%)
n.(vapor)汽,(水)蒸气The sour vapour pours into the flourishing flour factory. It's the source of resources.酸蒸汽涌进兴旺的面粉厂.这是资源的源泉.
US [-pɚ] noun
GAS 气体
countable or uncountable
■gas or extremely small drops of liquid which result from the heating of a liquid or solid 蒸气；雾气
• The hollow glass tank contains hot mercury vapour. 空心玻璃槽中装有高温汞蒸气。
• Poisonous vapours burst out of the factory during the accident. 事故发生时有毒气体从那家工厂里迸溢而出。
UK (ALSO US vapor) UK ['veɪ.pər] US [-pɚ] noun
ILLNESS 疾病
the vapours old use UK (ALSO US the vapors)
[plural]
■when someone suddenly feels ill and weak, usually because of a shock 忧郁；癔病
vapour, steam
这组词都有“蒸汽”的意思，其区别是：
vapour: 与steam常可换用，多用于科体文章中，指临界温度下气态的物质。
steam: 通常指作为动力的蒸汽或水沸腾后产生的蒸汽或水汽。

Word: wool
Front: wool
[wʊl] (研四六托 5569/3791 -K2)
Back: n. 羊毛; 羊毛制品; （幼虫的）毛; 羊毛覆盖物
分布：羊毛(78%)，毛线(17%)，毛织品(5%)
→来自wele,羊毛，词源同lanolin,fleece,进一步来自wel,撕，拔，词源同vulture,svelte.
n.羊毛,毛线,毛织品Having played golf, the wolf in wool rested on the tool stool in the zoo.打过高尔夫球之后,穿羊毛衣的狼歇在动物园里的工具登上.
noun uncountable
 IMPROVER
■the soft, thick hair which grows on the bodies of sheep and some other animals 羊毛；动物毛
• The blankets are made from wool and the sheets from cotton. 毯子是羊毛的，床单是棉的。
 IMPROVER
■thick thread or material that is made from this 毛线；毛料
• Put on your red wool cardigan - it'll be nice and warm. 穿上你的红色羊毛衫——会很暖和。
• How many balls of wool did you need to knit that sweater? 你织那件毛衣需要多少团毛线？
[wʊl] noun uncountable
pull the wool over sb's eyes
■to deceive someone in order to prevent them from discovering something 蒙骗（某人）
n. 羊毛；毛线； [纺] 绒线；毛织品；毛料衣物
 - erio, Lana

Word: cardboard
Front: cardboard
[ˈkɑ:dbɔ:d] (7873/8568 -K1)
Vocabulary: cardboard
(once / 2599 pages)
1n 2adj
The heavy, rigid paper that's used to make the boxes you use for mailing things is called cardboard. Cardboard also comes in handy for crafts and projects in classrooms.
A lot of cardboard is made from several layers of thick paper, so that it's stiff and strong, and protects items inside cardboard boxes. You can also use the word cardboard to describe a fictional character who doesn't seem real: "The mother in the movie was such a cardboard character." In the 18th century, cardboard was known as card paper.
WORD FAMILY
cardboard: cardboards
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was a damp cardboard box on which I’d drawn a wonky face in Biro.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
HAJJAH, Yemen — The infant was barely breathing when his uncle brought him to the hospital in a cardboard box.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Using cardboard, plaster, papier-mâché and tempera paints, Greely, 37, builds flimsy vignettes that seem to spring from a grade-schooler’s imagination.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 卡（片）纸板; 纸板箱; 硬纸板
adj. 硬纸板制的; 虚假的
分布：厚纸板(68%)，不真实的(20%)，厚纸板的(7%)，无实质的(5%)
【记】card卡片，board木板
US ['kɑ:rd.bɔ:rd] noun uncountable
 IMPROVER
■material like very thick stiff paper, usually pale brown in colour, which is used especially for making boxes （尤指制作盒子的）硬纸板，卡纸板
• a cardboard box 硬纸板盒
UK ['kɑ:d.bɔ:d] US ['kɑ:rd.bɔ:rd] adjective disapproving
■relating to something, usually a character in a film or play, that does not seem to be real or interesting （通常指电影或剧本中的角色）不真实的，假的，做作的
• I've never enjoyed his plays - somehow all his characters are cardboard. 我向来不喜欢他的剧本——他笔下的人物都有些做作。
n. [纸] 硬纸板；纸板箱；卡纸板
 - hardboard, strawboard
adj. 不真实的； [纸] 硬纸板制的
 - impossible, unreal

Word: connectivity
Front: connectivity
[ˌkɒnekˈtɪvɪti] (18177/29052)
Back: n. 连通性
US [ˌkɑ:.nek'tɪv.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable specialized
■the ability of a computer, program, device or system to connect with one or more others （电脑、程式、设备、系统等的）连接能力
• After installing, you should test for connectivity. 你应该在安装之后测试它的连接性。
n. [数] [电] [计] 连通性
 - formation communication

Word: doctorate
Front: doctorate
[ˈdɒktərət] (研 8557/15346 -1)
Vocabulary: doctorate
(once / 8359 pages)
n
A doctorate is an advanced university degree. Another name for a doctorate is a PhD. If you stick in school long enough, you just might end up with a doctorate (and a whole lot of debt).
Many years of specialized study can result in a doctorate, which qualifies the graduate to teach at a college or university. To be awarded a doctorate, a student has to complete a dissertation or thesis, a huge research project that focuses on her area of study. Someone who has a doctorate is known as a "Doctor of Philosophy," and the word itself comes from the Medieval Latin root doctoratus, or "made a doctor."
WORD FAMILY
doctorate: doctorates+/ doctor: doctoral, doctored, doctorial, doctoring, doctors/doctoral: doctorally, doctorate, postdoctoral/doctorial: doctorially
USAGE EXAMPLES
Following a master’s at Cornell in 1951, she completed a doctorate at Georgetown University in 1954, where she studied the motion of galaxies.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
He was awarded a master’s degree from the University of Wisconsin in 1950 and a doctorate from Columbia in 1961.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He later entered graduate school at the University of California, Berkeley, to study cosmic ray particles and earned his doctorate in 1950.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 博士学位; 博士头衔
分布：博士学位(100%)
→来自doctor, 博士。
博士学位(doctor博士)[-ate 1.表动词"做,造成"2.表形容词"具有…的"3.表名词"人或地位"]
US ['dɑ:k.tɚ-] noun countable
■the highest degree (= qualification) from a university 博士学位
• She has a doctorate in physics from Norwich. 她获得了诺里奇大学的物理学博士学位元。
n. 博士学位；博士头衔
 - doctoral degree

Word: diligence
Front: diligence
[ˈdɪlɪdʒəns] (六宝 14741/12381)
Vocabulary: diligence
(once / 822 pages)
n
If you practice diligence, you are a hard and careful worker. Do you have the diligence to read all the collected works of Henry James? Of course not. Nobody has, but a couple of his early novels won't hurt.
Here's a tip: never buy anything big, like a house or a car or a boat, without first exercising what lawyers call "due diligence" — that is, a real degree of care and attention and effort, not to mention a close reading of the small print. Diligence may help you realize the Brooklyn Bridge is not actually yours to buy, or that your potential neighbor has 112 cats living next door.
WORD FAMILY
diligence: diligences+/ diligent: diligence, diligenter, diligently
USAGE EXAMPLES
But looking for clues is simply “a question of law enforcement doing their due diligence.”
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The same diligence is not required with cobalt.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
“Extensive diligence was done on this deal before we entered into it,” Mr. Garten said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 勤勉，勤奋
分布：勤奋(100%)
→di-, 分开，散开，来自dis-变体。-lig, 选择，词源同collect, eligible. 即选出，甄选，引申为勤勉，勤奋。
【源】原指法国的一种以耐力著称的大马车
【记】想考出好分数不仅要diligence还要intelligence
【反】procrastination（n 延迟；拖延）
ADJ-GRADED
勤奋的;勤勉的;孜孜不倦的;细致彻底的
Someone who is diligent works hard in a careful and thorough way.
例：Meyers is a diligent and prolific worker...迈耶斯是个勤奋多产的工人。
例：The historical research was impressively diligent.该项历史研究非常地认真、彻底。
n. 勤奋，勤勉；注意的程度
 - industry, hardwork

Word: gag
Front: gag
[gæg] (托 10677/15442 -1)
Vocabulary: gag
(once / 1333 pages)
1nv 2v 3nv
A gag is a piece of cloth that's tied around a person's face to keep them from speaking or being heard. Cartoon bad guys often tie up their victims and put gags over their mouths.
To use a gag for shutting someone up is to gag them. Both the noun and verb forms of gag can also be figurative: "Her government is trying to gag her by censoring her," or "The lack of a right to free speech in some countries is a gag." Another way to gag is to retch, or begin to vomit. The root of gag is probably the Old Norse gag-hals, "with head thrown back."
WORD FAMILY
gag: gagged, gagging, gags, gagster+/gagster: gagsters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Turkish authorities issued a temporary gag order on reporting from the scene of the nightclub.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Wearing a wig and gag false teeth, he crashes Ines' social obligations, creating numerous script opportunities for pathos, slapstick and surrealism.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Separately, the Russian embassy to the UK tweeted a visual gag calling the Obama presidency a lame duck.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 塞口物，（牲畜的）口衔; 言论限制; 恶作剧; 张口器
vt. 塞住…的口; 抑制言论自由; 使窒息; 用张口器将嘴张开
vi. 作呕; 窒息; 开玩笑，说俏皮话
时态：gagged, gagging, gags
分布：恶作剧(36%)，笑话(32%)，遏制言论(8%)，箝口物(8%)，塞住口部(8%)，使呕吐(8%)
→拟声词，模仿含糊不清的声音。
noun countable
PIECE OF CLOTH 一块布
■a piece of cloth which is tied around a person's mouth or put inside it in order to stop them from speaking, shouting or calling for help （使人无法说话或喊叫求助的）塞口布
• Her hands and feet were tied and a gag placed over her mouth. 她的手脚被捆，嘴里被塞了一块布。
[gæg] noun countable
JOKE 玩笑 informal
■a joke or funny story, especially one told by a comedian (= person whose job is to make people laugh) （尤指喜剧演员的）插科打诨，笑话，玩笑
• I did a few opening gags about the band that had been on before me. 我拿表演上个节目的乐队说笑，插科打诨说了几句开场白
■US
■a trick played on someone or an action performed to entertain other people 恶作剧；滑稽动作；噱头
[gæg] verb (-gg-)
ALMOST VOMIT 几乎要吐
intransitive
■to experience the sudden uncomfortable feeling of tightness in the throat and stomach that makes you feel you are going to vomit 作呕
• Just the smell of liver cooking makes me gag. 用动物肝脏做的菜我一闻就想吐。
• I tried my best to eat it but the meat was so fatty I gagged on it. 我尽最大的努力想吃了它，但肉太肥了，我还是想吐。
[gæg] verb (-gg-)
STOP TALKING 封口
transitive
■to put a gag on someone's mouth 塞住，捂住（某人的嘴）
• He was bound and gagged and left in a cell for three days. 他被绑起来，嘴里塞了布，扔在一间小囚室中关了三天。
transitive often passive
■to prevent a person or organization from talking or writing about a particular subject 压制…的言论自由；限制…发言；使缄默
• The media have obviously been gagged because nothing has been reported. 显然传媒已被封杀，因为它们甚么都没有报道。
[gæg] verb (-gg-)
EAGER 渴望的
be gagging for/to do sth UK slang
■to be very eager to do something 渴望做；急于做
• I was gagging for a pint of cold lager. 我真想喝一品脱冰啤酒。
be gagging for it slang
■to be very eager to have sex; used especially by a man to say he thinks a woman wants very much to have sex with him 痒得熬不住，猴急要做那事儿（尤指男人认为某个女人迫不及待要与他发生性关系）
vt. 塞住…的口；钳制…的言论；使窒息
 - choke
vi. 插科打诨；窒息；作呕
 - keck
n. [机] 塞口物；讨论终结；箝制言论
 - cloture

Word: guarantor
Front: guarantor
[ˌgærənˈtɔ:(r)] (20867/16009)
Back: n. 保证人
分布：担保人(100%)
US [-'tɔ:r] noun countable formal
■a person who makes certain that something happens or that something is protected 保证人，担保人
• The armed forces see themselves as the guarantors of free elections in the country. 武装部队把自己视作这个国家自由选举的保障。
■legal
■someone who formally accepts responsibility for you or for something that belongs to you 担保人
• You must have a guarantor in order to get a visa to enter the country. 要获得该国入境签证必须要有一个担保人。
n. [法] [金融] 保证人
 - warrantor, sponsor

Word: gibson
Front: gibson
[ˈɡibsn] (-/5855)
Back: n. <主美>吉布森鸡尾酒
分布：名词(100%)

Word: gasp
Front: gasp
[gɑ:sp] (研四六托雅 5660/5196 -2)
Vocabulary: gasp
(once / 222 pages)
nv
A gasp is the sound made by a sharp inward breath. After running up a steep hill, your breath will come in gasps.
When you make the sound of a gasp, you gasp: "It was so surprising to see my lost cat sitting calmly on the front porch that it made me gasp." People tend to gasp when they're shocked or hurt. A "last gasp" is the moment just before someone dies — it can also mean the point of completing or ending something: "It was the last gasp of video stores in my city when that one closed."
WORD FAMILY
gasp: gasped, gasping, gasps
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Sunday, nearly a century later, one of the most star-crossed infrastructure projects in the United States opened to gasps of disbelief.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Police say he was gasping for air and bleeding from the chest when officers arrived.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
When I remind her of that lie about living in Brooklyn, she gasps.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 喘气，喘息; 倒抽气; 渴望
vt. 喘着气说出
n. 喘气，喘息
时态：gasped, gasping, gasps
分布：喘气(47%)，喘息(36%)，渴望(17%)
→来自gape,目瞪口呆，喘气。
n.喘息,气喘v.喘息;气吁吁地说The wagging wasp grasps the crisp clasp for a gasp.摇摆的黄蜂抓住脆钩喘息.
US [gæsp] verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to take a short quick breath through the mouth, especially because of surprise, pain or shock （尤指由于惊奇、痛苦或震惊而）喘息，喘气，倒抽气
• When she saw the money hidden in the box she gasped in surprise. 她看到藏在盒子里的钱时，惊得倒吸了一口气。
• [+ speech] "Help me!" he gasped. “帮帮我！”他上气不接下气地喊道。
UK [gɑ:sp] US [gæsp] verb intransitive
be gasping UK informal
■to be very thirsty 渴得嗓子冒烟
UK [gɑ:sp] US [gæsp] verb intransitive
be gasping for sth UK informal
■to want or need something very much 渴望，切望；很想要
• I'm absolutely gasping for a cigarette. 我真想抽支烟。
UK [gɑ:sp] US [gæsp] noun countable
■when you gasp 喘息，喘气，倒抽气
• He gave a gasp of amazement. 他惊讶得倒吸了一口气。
vi. 喘气；喘息；渴望
 - blow, rare
vt. 气喘吁吁地说；喘着气说话
 - puff out
n. 喘气
 - broken wind, pursiness

Word: inroad
Front: inroad
[ˈɪnrəʊd] (宝 -/13908)
Vocabulary: inroad
(once / 2439 pages)
n
When you make an inroad, you advance into new territory. An attacking army might try to make an inroad into a neighboring country, for example.
Intruding in another's space or advancing into a previously inaccessible area are both examples of inroads. The word is most often used in its plural form, like when your history teacher talks about the great inroads women have made politically in the past fifty years. The noun inroad was originally used only to talk about military movement, describing armies making hostile raids. The road part of inroad evolved from the word ride, so the word comes from "riding in."
WORD FAMILY
inroad: inroads
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is nothing “strange” about the women who pioneered inroads into professions previously dominated by men.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
“If you just look at the potential Metro work alone, not only that but building inroads with Metro, I don’t believe it.”
Washington Post(Dec 03, 2016)
For Intel, especially, it will be an effort to catch up in autonomous vehicles, a field where some chip makers have made deeper inroads.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 进展; 侵袭
分布：侵袭(60%)，进展(29%)，消耗某物(11%)
→in-,进入，使，road,古义，骑马，侵袭，词源同ride,raid.其原义为恶意入侵，侵扰，后词义褒义化指进展。
【记】in在road路上，埋伏inroad来往的富户，挣钱读MBA。
n. 侵袭，袭击；减少
 - reduction, loss, decrease, invasion

Word: liquor
Front: liquor
[ˈlɪkə(r)] (研四六雅 5711/8973 -1)
Back: n. 酒，烈性酒; 含酒精饮料
vt. 浸泡; 喝酒
分布：酒(95%)，烈性酒(4%)，液剂(1%)
→来自liquid,液体，汁液。后该词词义固定为烈性饮料，特指烈酒。
酒;酒精饮料[liqu=wet,表示"湿"]
n.酒;溶液,液剂The guide disguised his guilty of mixing the liquor with a liter of liquid.导游把酒与一公升液体混合的罪过掩饰起来.
US [-ɚ] US
noun uncountable
■strong alcoholic drink 白酒，烈酒
n. 酒，含酒精饮料； [化学] 溶液； [物] 液体；烈酒
 - solution, fluid
vi. 喝酒，灌酒
 - wine, knock over a drink
vt. 使喝醉
 - intoxicate

Word: outdo
Front: outdo
[ˌaʊtˈdu:] (雅 15869/22680 -1)
Vocabulary: outdo
(once / 2153 pages)
v
To outdo is to beat or surpass: when you outdo your brother in a pie-eating contest, you manage to gobble down more lemon meringue than he does. You'll probably regret it later, but at least you'll have that blue ribbon!
Anyone who outdoes another person wins against them in some contest, whether it's an actual competition or an unstated rivalry. You can also outdo your own record, like when you outdo last semester's grades with the help of all the As you get in English. And you can cheer for your favorite basketball team as they outdo their opponents by easily winning the game.
WORD FAMILY
outdo: outdid, outdoing, outdone
USAGE EXAMPLES
Not to be outdone, the city council in Knoxville, Tenn., voted this fall to repeal an ordinance keeping bars at least 300 feet from churches.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
With Trump it’s been argued that it’s hard to outdo a narcissist who’s a parody of himself.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
To meet Beijing’s economic-growth goals, local officials often strive to outdo one another.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 胜过，优于
时态：outdid, outdone, outdoing, outdoes
分布：超过(53%)，胜过(47%)
→out-,超过，do,做。
胜过,战胜(out+do做→做得超出别人)[out-①表示"超过,过度"②表示"出去,过时"]
[ˌaʊt'du:] (outdid, outdone)
verb transitive
■to be, or do something, better than someone else 胜过，超越；优于
• He always tries to outdo everybody else in the class. 他总是想超过班里的每一个人。
[ˌaʊt'du:] (outdid, outdone)
verb transitive
not to be outdone
■not wanting someone else to do something better than you 不甘落后；不服输；不甘示弱
• Pat was wearing an outrageous backless purple dress, so, not to be outdone, I put on my new gold and black trouser suit. 派特穿了件前卫惹火的紫色露背连衣裙，我不甘示弱，穿上了那套新买的金色与黑色相间的套装。
vt. 超过；胜过
 - better than, overcome, top, cap

Word: scorch
Front: scorch
[skɔ:tʃ] (六托雅宝 14072/15434 -1)
Vocabulary: scorch
(once / 844 pages)
vn
To scorch is to burn something fiercely, to the point where its surface — your face, prairie grass, a steak on the grill — chars or otherwise changes color.
Although scorch usually refers to burning something (whether it's the sun or a blowtorch doing the burning), that's not always the case. An army can scorch an enemy territory — meaning raze everything in sight, without technically setting it on fire. Scorch can also mean to quickly overpower something or somebody, as in: "We're gonna scorch the other team tomorrow."
WORD FAMILY
scorch: scorched, scorcher, scorches, scorching+/scorcher: scorchers/scorching: scorchingly, scorchings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Keep an eye on the sugar while you're heating the cream to keep it from scorching.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The Cottonwood fire scorched 65 square miles of land between Interstate 90 and U.S.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
But this year, firefighters couldn't stop the flames, which eventually scorched 75 square miles and turned 280 homes into tangled rubble.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 烧焦，烤焦
vt. 使（植物）枯萎，把…晒枯; 使成焦土; 痛骂
vi. <非正>高速行驶; 烤焦
n. 烧焦处，焦痕; 枯萎，植物褐色斑点
时态：scorched, scorching, scorches
分布：烧焦(90%)，变焦(10%)
→可能来自古诺斯语 skorpna,使枯萎，使枯干，来自 Proto-Germanic*skrimp,收缩，来自 sker, 弯，转，词源同 shrink,shrimp.后引申词义烧焦。
【记】读：死羔吃，吃死的羊羔需要烤焦消毒。
【反】dampen（v 使潮湿）
US [skɔ:rtʃ] verb
BURN 烧
intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) change colour with dry heat, or to burn slightly （把…）烤（或烫、晒）得变色；（使）烧焦
• The iron was too hot and he scorched the shirt. 熨斗太烫了，他把衬衫烫焦了。
• The surrounding buildings were scorched by the heat of the explosion. 周围建筑被爆炸产生的高温熏得变色了。
UK [skɔ:tʃ] US [skɔ:rtʃ] verb
DRIVE FAST 高速驾驶
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition old-fashioned informal
■(especially of motorcycles and cars) to travel or be driven very fast （尤指摩托车和小汽车）高速疾驶，飞驰
• The sports car scorched past and disappeared into the distance. 跑车疾驶而过，消失在远方。
vt. 烧焦；使枯萎；挖苦
 - blast, wither up
vi. 烧焦；枯萎
 - flag, wither away
n. 烧焦；焦痕
 - singe

Word: punt
Front: punt
[pʌnt] (12484/16093 -1)
Vocabulary: punt
(once / 1460 pages)
1nv 2nv 3nv
A punt is a certain kind of kick, like when a rugby player drops the ball and kicks it before it hits the ground.
Punts are used in various sports, but you're most likely to see a punt in a football or rugby game. The word punt can be used as both a noun and a verb: "She could punt that ball half way across the field like it was nothing." The root of punt is probably the word bunt, a dialectical variation from the Midlands in England that means "to butt or push with the head."
WORD FAMILY
punt: punted, punter, punting, punts+/punter: punters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Freshman Jack Jones played at cornerback in his absence, and Burnett returned punts.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
N.F.L. bans all touchdowns through the air or on punt returns because they are considered a form of taunting.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
New York’s own offense was bland, punting to end eight of its 12 drives, but it mustered up enough to get the job done.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 踢悬空球; 平底船; 下赌注者
vi. 用篙撑（方头平底船）; 下赌注; 弃踢; [美俚]撒手不干
vt. [足]踢悬空球; 向庄家下赌注; 乘方头或平底船旅行
时态：punted, punting, punts
分布：用篙撑(58%)，踢凌空球(28%)，方头或平底船(14%)
→来自古英语punt,来自拉丁语ponto,平底船，来自pons,桥，来自pent,走，小径，词源同path,pontifical.punt 爱尔兰镑
noun countable
MONEY 金钱 (also Irish pound)
■the standard unit of money used in Ireland before they started using the euro 爱尔兰镑（爱尔兰使用欧元前所采用的货币单位）
[pʌnt] noun countable
BOAT 船
■a long narrow boat with a flat bottom and a square area at each end, which is moved by a person standing on one of the square areas and pushing a long pole against the bottom of the river （用篙撑的）方头平底船
[pʌnt] noun countable
KICK 踢
■a way of kicking the ball in rugby or American football, by dropping it from your hands and kicking it before it hits the ground, or a powerful kick in football which causes the ball to go a long way 踢悬空球；踢远球
[pʌnt] verb
KICK 踢
transitive
■(in rugby or American football) to kick the ball after you have dropped it from your hands and before it touches the ground, or (in football) to kick the ball powerfully so that it goes a long way （在英式橄榄球或美式橄榄球中）踢（悬空球）；（足球中）将（球）踢得很远
transitive US informal
■If you punt something, you decide not to do or include it 省去；不做
• We were running out of time, so we decided to punt the sightseeing and just go shopping. 我们时间不多了，所以决定不去观光只去购物。
[pʌnt] verb
BOAT 船
intransitive or transitive
■to travel in a punt 乘平底船
• We punted up the river. 我们乘平底船沿河逆流而上。
• It's a lovely afternoon - let's go punting. 今天下午天气真好，我们去撑船吧。

Word: schizophrenia
Front: schizophrenia
[ˌskɪtsəˈfri:niə] (11881/10799 -1)
Vocabulary: schizophrenia
(once / 6003 pages)
n
Someone with a mental illness that's caused them to lose touch with reality and to withdraw from society may end up being diagnosed with schizophrenia, a serious disorder that can usually be treated with medication.
A Swiss psychiatrist first came up with the term Schizophrenie, or "a splitting of the mind," to refer to the mental illness in 1910. A person with schizophrenia may feel and behave as if his mind has split off from reality, as he perceives things in a distorted way, and often speaks and acts in ways that appear bizarre. Sometimes schizophrenia is used to mean "inconsistent or contradictory."
WORD FAMILY
schizophrenia: schizophrenias, schizophrenic +/ schizophrenic: schizophrenically, schizophrenics
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some speculate that it represents temporal-lobe epilepsy, others schizophrenia; auditory hallucinations are common in both conditions.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
His wife died in 1973, of “schizophrenia combined with leukaemia”.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
First, the micro: In January, brain scientists in Massachusetts reported a complete, rigorously tested biological explanation for schizophrenia.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. [医]精神分裂症; 矛盾
分布：精神分裂症(100%)
→schizo-,分开，分裂，-phren,大脑，脑部，词源同 phrenetic,frantic,frenetic.-ia,表疾病。引申词 义精神分裂症。
noun uncountable
■a serious mental illness in which someone cannot understand what is real and what is imaginary 精神分裂症
• paranoid schizophrenia 偏执型精神分裂症
informal
■behaviour in which a person appears to have two different personalities 双重人格，反覆无常

Word: squeak
Front: squeak
[skwi:k] (托 12246/15740 -1)
Back: n. 短促的尖叫声，，吱吱的叫声; 尖厉刺耳的噪音; 机会
vi. 短促地尖叫，吱吱叫; 发出尖厉刺耳的噪音; 告密
vt. 以尖厉的声音说话; 使发出吱吱声
时态：squeaked, squeaking, squeaks
分布：吱吱声(59%)，吱吱叫(23%)，侥幸通过(11%)，逃脱(7%)
verb
SOUND 声音
intransitive
■to make a short very high cry or sound 发出短促的尖叫；吱吱叫；嘎吱作响
• The mice in the cupboard squeaked. 老鼠在碗橱里吱吱地叫。
• The door squeaked as it swung back and forth on its rusty hinges. 门的铰链生锈了，转动起来嘎吱嘎吱作响。
[skwi:k] verb
SUCCEED 成功
intransitive + adverb or preposition US
■to only just succeed in something such as a test or competition （测验、竞赛等）勉强通过；侥幸成功
• He squeaked through the exam. 他勉强通过了考试。
[skwi:k] noun countable
■a short very high cry or sound 发出短促的尖叫；吱吱叫；嘎吱作响
• She let out a squeak of fright at the sight of the spider. 她看到蜘蛛时吓得尖叫了一声。
• If I hear one more squeak out of you (= if you say anything else) , there'll be trouble! 如果你再说一个字的话，就有你好看的！
vi. 告密；吱吱叫；侥幸成功
 - inform, rat
n. 吱吱声；机会
 - opportunity, chance, opening, room, occasion

Word: tidal
Front: tidal
[ˈtaɪdl] (8988/8579 -1)
Back: adj. 潮水的; 潮汐的; 由于潮水作用的; 定时涨落的
分布：潮的(90%)，潮水似的(10%)
adjective
■relating to the tide 有潮的；受潮汐影响的
• a tidal river 感潮河

Word: slug
Front: slug
[slʌg] (托 10241/10408 -1)
Vocabulary: slug
(once / 604 pages)
1n 2nv 3vn 4n 5n
Use the word slug to mean "bullet," "slimy, land-dwelling mollusk," or "super lazy person." If your mom finds you on the couch as often as she finds slugs in her garden, she'll call you a slug too.
When it's a verb, slug means "hit," so you might say, "That bully's always threatening to slug me." As a noun, slug can also mean "a blow," or "a gulp." But if your little brother is barefoot outside and suddenly screams, "Yuck, I stepped on a slug!" he is most likely talking about the squishy invertebrate that leaves a trail of slime behind it.
WORD FAMILY
slug: sluggard, slugged, slugger, slugging, sluggish, slugs+/ sluggard: sluggards/slugger: sluggers/ sluggish: sluggishly, sluggishness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first problem with that suggestion is slugs.
The New Yorker(Dec 17, 2016)
Trading was somewhat smoother Friday, but the key 7-day repo rate continued to inch up, and authorities felt compelled to inject another slug of cash.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
The rising dollar slugged oil prices, already smarting from concerns about over supply.
Reuters(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 子弹，金属块; 鼻涕虫; 动作缓慢的人; [物]斯勒格，斯（质量单位）
vi. 动作迟缓; 偷懒
vt. 重击; 在…中插嵌片; 偷懒
时态：slugged, slugging, slugs
分布：蛞蝓(38%)，鼻涕虫(28%)，重击(13%)，子弹(8%)，动作缓慢的人(5%)，铅字条(4%)，用力打(2%)，加铅字条于(2%)
→来自辅音丛 sl-,邋遢的，懒的，比较 slattern,slut,sloven,slug.引申词义懒鬼，后用于指蛞蝓， 一种蜗牛。slug 用力打，狠揍，铅弹，金属圆片
noun countable
CREATURE 生物
■a small, usually black or brown, creature with a long soft body and no arms or legs, like a snail but with no shell 蛞蝓，鼻涕虫
■mainly US informal
■a slow-moving, lazy person 懒散的人
⇒ See also sluggish
[slʌg] noun countable
BULLET 子弹 informal
■a bullet 子弹
• The poor guy wound up with a slug in his stomach. 那个可怜的家伙腹部中了一枪。
[slʌg] noun countable
AMOUNT OF DRINK 酒的量 informal
■an amount of drink, especially strong alcoholic drink, that you can swallow at one time 满满一口（尤指烈酒）
• I had a slug of vodka to give me courage. 我喝了一大口伏特加来给自己壮胆。
[slʌg] noun countable
COIN 硬币 US a piece of metal used instead of a coin for putting in machines （投入机器中的）假硬币，代币
[slʌg] verb transitive (-gg-) informal
■to hit someone hard with the fist (= closed hand) 用拳头猛击
• She slugged him and he fell against the bar. 她猛地打了他一拳，他扑倒在柜台上。
■US
■to hit a baseball hard 猛击（棒球）
[slʌg] verb transitive (-gg-)
slug it out
■If two people slug it out, they fight or argue violently until one of them wins. 一决胜负
vi. 偷懒；动作迟缓
 - spare oneself, slack off
vt. 重击
 - pound on, gang bang

Word: subtract
Front: subtract
[səbˈtrækt] (研四六托雅宝 10238/11991 -1)
Back: vt. 减去; 扣除
时态：subtracted, subtracting, subtracts
分布：减去(91%)，减少(9%)
→sub-,在下，向下，-tract,拉，词源同 attract,contract.引申数学名词减，减去。
减去;扣除(sub下+tract→拉下去→减去)[tract=draw,表示"拉,拖"]
v.减(去)To make the contract attractive, the contractor subtracted a tractor from it.为了使合同有吸引力,承包商从中减去了一台拖拉机.
verb transitive
■to remove a number from another number 减，减去
• Four subtracted from ten equals six. 10减4等于6。
Compare add ; divide ; multiply
abstract, subtract, contract, attract
abstract: vt 抽取；
subtract: vt 减去
contract: vt 使缩小（招致，染上（疾病等））；
attract: vt 吸引；
vt. 减去；扣掉
 - substract, subduce

Word: unimaginable
Front: unimaginable
[ˌʌnɪˈmædʒɪnəbl] (托 12047/18623 -1)
Back: adj. 难以想象的，想不到的; 不能想像
分布：想象不到的(50%)，不能想象的(50%)
adjective
■describes something that is difficult to imagine because it is so bad, good, big, etc 难以想像的
• unimaginable pain/wealth 难以想像的痛苦／财富
incredible, incredulous, credulous, unimaginable, credible
incredible: adj 不可相信的（前两个含被动意味）；
incredulous: 不轻易相信的（后两个含被动意义）；
credulous: 轻信的，易受骗的；
unimaginable: 不能想象的，想不到的，难以理解的
credible: adj 可信的；
adj. 不可思议的；难以想像的
 - magic, mysterious, miraculous, fantastic

Word: additive
Front: additive
[ˈædətɪv] (托宝 14762/12662 -1)
Back: n. 添加剂; 添加物; [数]加法
adj. 附加的; [化]加成的，加和的; [数]加法的
分布：添加剂(99%)，加添的(1%)
上瘾的(addict的形容词)[ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示"一再"等加强意]
US [-ə.tˌɪv] noun countable
■a substance which is added to food in order to improve its taste or appearance or to preserve it （食品的）添加剂，添加物
• food additives 食品添加剂
• This margarine is full of additives - just look at the label! 这种人造奶油里面都是添加剂——看看那标签说明就知道了！
n. [建] [物化] 添加剂，添加物
 - addition agent, make weight
adj. [数] 附加的；加法的
 - attached, plus, more, second, excess

Word: underneath
Front: underneath
[ˌʌndəˈni:θ] (研四六托雅 5730/5554 -K2)
Back: adj. 较低的; 下面的
adv. 在下面，在底下; 在下面，在下层
prep. 在…之下; 在下面; 在…下面; 在…领导或控制下
n. 下部，底部
分布：在下面(54%)，底部(26%)，下部(17%)，在 ... 下面(3%)
→under-, 在下面，-neath, 下面，词源同nether, beneath.
prep.在...下面ad.在下面,在底下Beneath (Underneath) the wreath the deaf man near death is out of breath.花环下面那个快要死的聋子喘不过气来.
US [-dɚ-] preposition adverb
 IMPROVER
■under or below 在（…）底下；在（…）下面
• The tunnel goes right underneath the city. 隧道正好位于城下。
• They found a bomb underneath the car. 他们在车底下发现了一枚炸弹。
• Underneath that shy exterior, she's actually a very warm person. 在羞涩的外表下，她其实是个非常热心的女孩。
• He was wearing a garish T-shirt underneath his shirt. 他在衬衫里面穿了件花哨的T恤衫。
UK [ˌʌn.də'ni:θ] US [-dɚ-] noun
the underneath only singular
■the lower part or the bottom surface of something 底部；下部；下表面
• Bake for half an hour - the top should be crisp, and the underneath moist and succulent. 烘烤半个钟头——蛋糕就会外焦内嫩，松软湿润。
• She found the key taped to the underneath of the table, as always. 她发现锁匙跟往常一样就粘在桌子下面。
under, below, underneath, beneath
这组词都有“在……下面”的意思，其区别是：
under: 普通用词，与over相对，指在某物的正下方，含垂直在下的意思。
below: 指位置低于某物或在某物下方，但不一定在正下方，所指范围较宽。
underneath: 书面口语均用，也常与beneath和under换用，但更含遮蔽的意味。
beneath: 书面用词，指紧挨……之下，其反义词是on。
adv. 在下面；在底下
 - hereunder, down below
n. 下面；底部
 - basis, bottom, base
adj. 下面的；底层的
 - following, nether

Word: aristocrat
Front: aristocrat
[ˈærɪstəkræt] (托宝 14099/11646 -1)
Vocabulary: aristocrat
(once / 269 pages)
n
An aristocrat is someone from the ruling class, usually those with nobility, money, or both. Although not an aristocrat yourself, you may have the odd viscount on your family tree if you go back far enough.
The word aristocrat comes from the Greek word aristokratia, which itself comes from the root words aristos, meaning "best," and kratos, meaning "rule." So, the aristocracy was the ruling class of (supposedly) the best and noblest people, and an aristocrat was a member of that class. Today the word can also be applied to anyone with superior standing: Count Basie was an aristocrat in the jazz world.
WORD FAMILY
aristocrat: aristocracy, aristocratical, aristocrats+/ aristocracy: aristocracies, aristocratic / aristocratic: aristocratically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Five aristocrats, led by Prince Yusupov, were involved, though some speculate that even more participated in the plot.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
As well as being a former aristocrat, Rostov is also a poet.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
As she shimmered her way through Hollywood society, she maintained the air of a Hungarian aristocrat.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 贵族; 贵族政治论者; 有贵族派头的人
分布：贵族(98%)，有贵族气派的人(2%)
→词源同aristocracy. -cracy, 抽象名词后缀。-crat, 具象名词后缀。
【记】a一个，ris＝rise升起，to拼：头，crat统治－一个抬着头的统治者－贵族
【参】autocrat（n 独栽者）；democrat（n 民主党人）
US ['er-] noun countable
■a person of high social rank; a member of the aristocracy 贵族；贵族成员
• Many aristocrats were killed in the French Revolution. 法国大革命中很多贵族被处死。
n. 贵族
 - prince, noble, nobility

Word: bass
Front: bass
[beɪs] (5126/5886 -2)
Vocabulary: bass
(once / 633 pages)
1nadj 2n
A bass sound or instrument is the deepest. If a barbershop quartet sings “Happy Birthday” to you, the guy with the lowest voice is singing the bass part. A bass is also a type of saltwater fish.
The word bass has two main meanings with separate pronunciations — bass with a high vowel sound (like base) ironically refers to very low sounds — bass instruments and singers are in the lowest part of the musical range, like the low rumble of a bass guitar. If you say bass with a low vowel sound, it's a type of fish. That kind of bass doesn’t add much to a harmony but is delicious with mashed potatoes.
WORD FAMILY
bass: basses, bassist+/bassist: bassists
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s like the difference between a bass singer and a baritone,” she added.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The Federal Trade Commission wants more information on the sporting goods retailer’s sale to rival Bass Pro Shops.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Cabela’s said that it still expects the FTC to clear the Bass Pro purchase in the first half of 2017.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 低音歌唱家，低音乐器; [鱼]欧洲鲈鱼; [植]椴树，椴属树木，美洲椴木
adj. 低音的
分布：鲈鱼(42%)，男低音(24%)，低音的(16%)，低沉的(10%)，低音部分(6%)，低音符(2%)
→词源同base, 低。bass 鲈
noun (plural basses)
MUSIC 音乐
countable or uncountable
■the lowest range of musical notes, or a man with a singing voice in this range 低音部；男低音
• He sings bass. 他唱男低音。
• Italy's leading bass 义大利头号男低音
uncountable
■the set of low musical sounds on a radio, music system, etc., or the button that controls them 低音；低音键
• Turn down the bass. 把低音调低。
countable * a double bass
countable (also bass guitar)
■an electric guitar with four strings that plays very low notes 低音吉他
• He plays (the) bass guitar. 他弹低音吉他。
[beɪs] adjective [before noun]
■playing, singing or producing the lowest range of musical notes 低音的
• a bass drum/guitar/trombone 低音鼓／吉他／长号
n. [鱼] 鲈鱼； [声] 男低音；低音部；椴树
 - perche, weever

Word: breathtaking
Front: breathtaking
[ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ] (托 10110/11459 -1)
Back: adj. 非常激动人心的; 惊人的; 惊险的; 使人透不过气来的
分布：惊险的(48%)，令人赞叹的(22%)，壮观的(20%)，吃惊的(10%)
adjective
■extremely exciting, beautiful or surprising 极其刺激的；美得惊人的；惊人的
• The view from the top of the mountain is breathtaking. 山顶的美景令人叹为观止。
• His performance is described in the paper as 'a breathtaking display of physical agility'. 他的表演被报纸誉为“人体灵活性的精彩展现”。
adj. 惊人的；惊险的；令人激动的
 - tremendous, incredible, spectacular, striking

Word: burdensome
Front: burdensome
[ˈbɜ:dnsəm] (托 16292/21420)
Vocabulary: burdensome
(once / 3934 pages)
adj
Something that's burdensome is very difficult or tiring. It's better to weed your garden regularly, rather than put it off until it becomes an exhausting, burdensome task.
Some summer jobs are easy and relaxing, like your laid-back dog walking business — other jobs are much more burdensome, like babysitting a large family of kids or lifeguarding at a pool where people keep nearly drowning. Something that's a burden, a physical load or a duty that weighs heavily on you, is burdensome. The Proto-Indo-European root means "to bear" or "to carry," and also "to give birth."
WORD FAMILY
burdensome: burdensomely, burdensomeness+/ burden: burdened, burdening, burdenless, burdens, burdensome, disburden, overburden, unburden/disburden: disburdened, disburdening, disburdens/overburden: overburdened, overburdening, overburdens/unburden: unburdened, unburdening, unburdens
USAGE EXAMPLES
They include “burdensome” school lunch standards, tobacco regulations, laws that set higher wages for contractors and elements of the Paris climate-change agreement.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Carrier also claimed last year that federal regulations stifled its profits and sent a list of energy efficiency rules it deemed burdensome to the IEDC.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“Additional financial reporting requirements would be unnecessary and burdensome,” she said, because there are few examples of client trust accounts being misused.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 繁重的，烦累的，难以承担的; 累赘
分布：累赘的(53%)，恼人的(26%)，负担的(21%)
【记】burden（n 担子；v 负担），some充满…的－充满负担的－繁重的
US ['bɝ:-] formal
adjective
■causing difficulties or work 麻烦的；沉重的，繁重的
• a burdensome task 繁重的任务
adj. 繁重的；累赘的；恼人的
 - heavy, onerous

Word: coating
Front: coating
[ˈkəʊtɪŋ] (8389/7891 -1)
Back: n. 涂层，覆盖层; （食品上的）面衣，糖衣，涂料; 外衣布料上衣料，细呢，花呢
v. 给…穿上外衣; 覆盖; “coat”的现在分词
分布：涂层(98%)，衣料(2%)
→来自coat, 遮盖。
N-COUNT
涂层;覆盖层
A coating of a substance is a thin layer of it spread over a surface.
例：Under the coating of dust and cobwebs, he discovered a fine French Louis XVI clock.在一层灰尘和蜘蛛网底下，他发现了一座精美的法国路易十六时期的时钟。
例：...fluffy chocolate mousse, topped off with a crisp chocolate coating.松软的巧克力慕斯，顶上盖着一层脆皮巧克力
n. [涂料] 涂层；包衣；衣料
 - Dacromet, paintcoat

Word: embarrassingly
Front: embarrassingly
[ɪm'bærəsɪŋlɪ] (21827/19310)
Back: adv. 使人尴尬地，使人为难地，使人难堪地
分布：副词(100%)
adv. 使人尴尬地；令人难堪地
 - witheringly

Word: euthanasia
Front: euthanasia
[ˌju:θəˈneɪziə] (15511/22014 -1)
Vocabulary: euthanasia
(once / 18526 pages)
n
Euthanasia is the act of causing a person's or animal's death, without inflicting pain, to end suffering, like when a veterinarian performs euthanasia on a dog that is in great pain and has no chance of recovery.
To correctly pronounce euthanasia, remember that it sounds like "youth in Asia." Euthanasia is sometimes referred to as mercy killing, meant to spare a living thing a slow, painful death. Originally a Greek word, euthanasia means "an easy or happy death," as eu- means "good" and thanatos means "death." The use of the word as "legally sanctioned mercy killing" is first recorded in English in 1869.
WORD FAMILY
euthanasia: euthanasias
USAGE EXAMPLES
The city Parks Department said euthanasia would be more humane.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Euthanasia is legal in Belgium, and eight years ago Vervoort signed the papers which will, eventually, allow a doctor to end her life.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
More than 5,500 people were killed by the Dutch euthanasia practice last year.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 安乐死; 安然去世，无苦痛的死亡
→eu-, 好的。-than, 完成，死亡，词源同finish, thanatology. 字母f, th音变参照fume, thyme.
noun uncountable
■the act of killing someone who is very ill or very old so that they do not suffer any more 安乐死
• Although some people campaign for the right to euthanasia, it is still illegal in most countries. 尽管有些人发起运动争取安乐死的权利，但在大多数国家中实施安乐死仍是违法行为。
n. [医] 安乐死；安乐死术
 - mercy killing

Word: gerrymander
Front: gerrymander
['dʒerɪmændə(r)] (宝 31173/-)
Vocabulary: gerrymander
(once / 28969 pages)
vn
Some politicians change the boundaries of their voting districts in order to benefit themselves or their political party. To manipulate the boundaries like this — often viewed as unfair — is to gerrymander.
The verb gerrymander first appeared in 1812 when Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry redrew district boundaries, hoping it would help his party in an upcoming senate election. Then somebody noticed that the new district looked like a salamander, so they combined Gerry and -mander to create the new word gerrymander. And then a newspaper printed a cartoon with a giant salamander making fun of Gerry, which is what happens to politicians who don’t behave.
WORD FAMILY
gerrymander: gerrymandered, gerrymandering, gerrymanders
USAGE EXAMPLES
This year, federal courts struck down many of the voting restrictions and gerrymandered districts on the ground that they harmed racial minorities.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Gerrymandering and voter suppression throw majority rule into question—and changing the rules after an election is not in the spirit of constitutional consistency.
The New Yorker(Dec 20, 2016)
But the pro-democracy camp does not want to appear to legitimise the gerrymandered election process by proffering a candidate.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: v. 为本党利益改划选举区分，不公正操纵，欺骗
n. 改变选举区，欺骗
时态：gerrymandered, gerrymandering, gerrymanders
分布：不公正划分选区(50%)，为己党利益擅改选区(50%)
→来自19世纪初美国马萨诸萨邦州长Elbridge Gerry，其为了获取更多选票，把选区进行人为的划分，被嘲笑新选区看起来如同一只salamander, 因此据此合成了该词。
【记】源于：Gerry格里。他是《独立宣言》（1776年）的签署人，曾任马萨诸塞州长，参与了gerrymander；salamander（n 火蜥蜴）
vi. 不公正地划分选区；弄虚作假
 - fiddle with

Word: horizontal
Front: horizontal
[ˌhɒrɪˈzɒntl] (研四六托宝 6000/5097 -K1)
Vocabulary: horizontal
(once / 561 pages)
nadj
The opposite of vertical, something horizontal is arranged sideways, like a person lying down.
When you sleep (unless you're a horse), your body is horizontal: horizontal things are parallel to the ground or running in the same direction as the horizon. If you stack books horizontally, then they're on their side. You hear a lot about horizontal lines in geometry: If you picture a square, the top and bottom lines are horizontal lines.
WORD FAMILY
horizontal: horizontality, horizontally, horizontals
USAGE EXAMPLES
In general, aim for horizontal and vertical lines in shots.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Sometimes vertical and horizontal are intricately mixed in scenes of woodland streams, or ocean crags and surf.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Occasionally, a gene will move between species, through a process called horizontal gene transfer.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 水平的，卧式的; 地平线的; [植]（枝条）平层的; 同一行业的，同阶层的
n. 水平线; 水平面; 水平位置; 水平的物体
分布：水平的(44%)，水平线(32%)，水平面(19%)，横的(5%)
→来自horizon,地平线。引申词义水平的，横的。
a.地平线的;水平的The attorney's horn lies horizontally in the thorns.代理律师的号角水平地躺在荆棘中.
【记】horizon（n 地平线；视野）
【反】plumb（adj 垂直的）
US [ˌhɔ:r.ɪ'zɑ:n.tˌəl] adjective
 ADVANCED
■flat or level; parallel to the ground or to the bottom or top edge of something 水准的；与地面（或底边、顶边）平行的；横的
• Draw a horizontal line across the bottom of the page. 在本页底部画一条水准线。
• Keep the patient horizontal with the feet slightly raised. 让病人平躺，双脚略微抬高。
Compare vertical
UK [ˌhɒr.ɪ'zɒn.təl] US [ˌhɔ:r.ɪ'zɑ:n.tˌəl] noun countable usually singular
■a horizontal line, surface or position 水准线；水平面；水准位置
• Rotate it slowly from the horizontal into a vertical position. 慢慢将它从水准位置旋转到垂直位置。
adj. [测] [天] 水平的；地平线的；同一阶层的
 - level, aclinic
n. [测] 水平线，水平面；水平位置
 - hydrostatic level, horizon line

Word: incredibly
Front: incredibly
[ɪnˈkredəbli] (4271/6362)
Vocabulary: incredibly
(once / 1419 pages)
1adv 2adv
You can use the adverb incredibly to mean "extremely," like your best friend's incredibly disturbing Halloween costume.
The word incredibly describes anything that is so fantastic, you almost doubt it's real. You might describe an incredibly fast runner or your incredibly strange French teacher. Incredibly can also describe amazement, like incredibly, someone returned your missing wallet, with everything still in it. The Latin root is incredibilis, "that cannot be believed."
WORD FAMILY
incredible: incredibility, incredibleness, incredibly +/ credibility: credibilities/ credible: credibility, credibleness, crediblest, credibly, incredible /incredibility: incredibilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
"This is an incredibly sensitive moment in this proceeding," Gergel said.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“With the legislation currently in place, it’s incredibly difficult for law enforcement to track down guns that emerge from the secondary market.”
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
“This is an incredibly sensitive moment in this proceeding,” Gergel said.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adv. 难以置信地，很，极为
分布：难以置信地(80%)，极其(20%)
adverb
DIFFICULT TO BELIEVE 难以置信地
 IMPROVER
■used for saying that something is very difficult to believe 难以置信地
• Incredibly, no one was hurt in the accident. 意外中居然没有人受伤，这真是令人难以置信。
[ɪn'kred.ɪ.bli] adverb
EXTREMELY 极其
■extremely 极其
• He was incredibly rich/angry/quick. 他极其富有／生气／迅速。
• An incredibly loud bang followed the flash. 闪电之后跟着一声震耳欲聋的巨响。
adv. 难以置信地；非常地
 - considerably, remarkably

Word: modesty
Front: modesty
[ˈmɒdəsti] (六 11845/11417 -1)
Vocabulary: modesty
(once / 563 pages)
1n 2n
Modesty is that shy feeling you get when someone brags about how great you are, or when you need to take off your shirt to go swimming and showing skin makes you squirm. If you blush, you’ve got some modesty.
Modesty comes from the Latin modestus, which literally translates as “keeping due measure.” Knowing the correct measure of yourself is modesty, and when someone praises you too much, your modesty might kick in and make you want to tell them to be quiet. Modesty also means you keep things decent and not too outrageous, like wearing clothes that hide your skin, or painting your walls beige instead of covering them with glow-in-the-dark diamond wallpaper.
WORD FAMILY
modesty: immodesty, modesties+/immodesty: immodesties
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The seriousness of approach, I think, and the modesty of it is very Canadian,” Michaels agreed.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
At the time, it sounded somewhere between false modesty and sly self-deprecation.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
But the most striking aspect of this film’s aesthetic — a better word might be temperament — is its gentle, unassuming modesty.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 谦虚，谦逊; 稳重; 端庄; 朴实，质朴
分布：谦逊(58%)，端庄(17%)，朴实(13%)，虚心(9%)，中肯(3%)
→来自modest,谦虚的，谦逊的。
谦虚,有礼(modest+y)[mod=mode,manner,表示"方式,模式,风度"]
US ['mɑ:.dɪ-] noun uncountable
QUIET SUCCESS 成功而不张扬 approving
■when someone doesn't usually talk about or make obvious their abilities and achievements 谦虚，谦逊
• She does a lot of work for charities, but her modesty forbids her from talking about it. 她为慈善事业做了许多工作，但她很谦虚，对之从不谈论。
in all modesty approving
■said when you want to say something good about yourself, but do not want to seem to think you are too important （用于谦逊地谈论自己的优点时）并不是要自夸
• Quite frankly, and in all modesty, we'd probably have lost the game if I hadn't been playing. 并不是要自夸，然而，坦白说，如果我不上场，我们可能已经输掉这场比赛。
UK ['mɒd.ɪ.sti] US ['mɑ:.dɪ-] noun uncountable
CLOTHES/BEHAVIOUR 衣服／行为 old-fashioned
■the quality, in women, of dressing or behaving in a way which is intended to avoid attracting sexual interest （女子的衣着、举止等）端庄，正派，朴素
n. 谦逊；质朴；稳重
 - humility, humbleness

Word: overtime
Front: overtime
[ˈəʊvətaɪm] (研四六托 8317/9766 -1)
Vocabulary: overtime
(once / 1638 pages)
nadv
Overtime is the amount of time you work beyond your regular hours. If your boss asks you to work over 40 hours one week, that's overtime and you should demand extra pay.
You can use this word as a noun or an adjective, as in overtime pay or overtime hours. At some workplaces, working overtime earns you more than the normal hourly salary. In other cases, full time employees are expected to work overtime without any extra pay. In sports, overtime is when play goes longer than the usual time — more than nine innings in a baseball game, or more than a twenty-minute half in basketball, for example.
WORD FAMILY
overtime: overtimes+/mistime: mistimed, mistimes, mistiming/ time: mistime, overtime, timed, timeless, timely, timer, times, timing/timed: ill-timed, timedly/ timeless: timelessly, timelessness/ timely: timelier, timeliest, timelily, timeliness, untimely /timer: timers/times: timeses/timing: timings/ untimely: untimeliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Vikings held on for an overtime win against Langley Wednesday at the Governor’s Challenge, to rebound from last Tuesday’s 66-53 loss to McDonogh.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The Indians held a lead for all but the last minute of regulation, according to Walker, and lost their edge in the overtime period.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
A Preston Parks 3 for the Bulldogs tied the game at 91 with 1:14 left and forced the overtime period.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 超出的时间，额外的时间; 加班; 加时赛; 加班费
adv. 超时地; 加班地
v. 使历时过久; 使（曝光等）超过时间
分布：名词(99%)，副词(1%)
→over-,超过，time,时间。即超时，引申词义加时，加时赛。
a.超时的,加班的ad.加班Primarily, the prime criminal's crime has nothing to do with lime and overtime.首犯的犯罪基本上与石灰和加班无关.
US ['oʊ.vɚ-] adverb noun uncountable
■(time spent working) after the usual time needed or expected in a job 加班，加班时间；加班加点地
• They're doing/working overtime to get the job finished on time. 他们加班以准时完成这项工作。
• Everyone is on overtime (= being paid extra for working after the usual time) this weekend. 这个周末大家都有加班费。
US for * extra time
UK ['əʊ.və.taɪm] US ['oʊ.vɚ-] noun uncountable
■extra payment for working after the usual time 加班费
• You can earn some overtime by working after 6.00 p.m. 你可以工作到六点以后，赚点加班费。
n. [劳经] 加班时间；延长时间
 - extension of time

Word: tow
Front: tow
[təʊ] (研六托雅 9000/9914 -2)
Back: vt. 拖，拉; 牵引
n. 拖曳的行为或情况; 被拖曳的某物; [印，纺]落纤，短麻屑
时态：towed, towing, tows
分布：拖(66%)，拉(18%)，牵引(11%)，拽(3%)，拖绳(2%)
→来自古英语 togian,拖，拉，来自 Proto-Germanic*tugojanan,拖，拉，来自 deuk,拖，拉， 词源同 duct,tie.引申诸相关词义。
vt.(用绳,链等)拖(车,船等)n.拖,牵引Mr Brown owns the brown towels in the downtown tower.布朗先生拥有闹市区塔里的棕色毛巾.
US [toʊ] verb transitive
■to pull a car, boat, etc. along, using a rope or a chain tied to another vehicle or boat 拖，拉，牵引（车、船等）
• You shouldn't drive fast when your car is towing a caravan. 汽车在拖动活动住房时不能开快车。
• The road was closed while the vehicles that had been involved in the accident were towed away/off. 在发生交通事故的车辆被拖走时，这条道路被封闭。
• The damaged boat was towed to safety. 受损船只被拖至安全区。
UK [təʊ] US [toʊ] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [often passive] tow sth away
■to lift a vehicle that has been parked illegally onto an official truck and take it to a place from which you have to pay to collect it 拖走（违规停放的车辆）
• You're not allowed to park here - your car will be towed away. 这里不准停车——你的车会被拖走的。
UK [təʊ] US [toʊ] noun
give sb/sth a tow
■to pull someone's vehicle using a rope or chain tied to your vehicle 拖，拉
• When my car broke down, a police car gave me a tow to the nearest garage. 我的车抛锚后，一辆警车把我的车拖至最近的汽车维修站。
on tow UK (US in tow) (Australian also under tow)
■being pulled along 被拖着
• The car in front of us is on tow - that's why we're going so slowly. 我们前面的那辆车是被拖着走的——这就是我们的车开得这么慢的原因。
• The damaged boat drifted for days before it was finally taken in tow. 这条受损的船漂流了几天，终于被拖走。
UK [təʊ] US [toʊ] noun
in tow informal
■If you go somewhere with a particular person in tow, they are with you 带着；有…紧跟在后
• She arrived at the party, with a tall, silver-haired man in tow. 她来参加派对时带着一个高个子银发男子。
draw, jerk, tow, pull, drag, haul, tug
这组词都有“拖、拉”的意思，其区别是：
draw: 指将人或物朝出力者的方向拖，不涉及力的大小，含平稳意味，常作借喻用。
jerk: 指快而突然地拉。
tow: 特指用绳子或链条等拖或拉本身无动力或无法使用自身动力的东西。
pull: 最普通用词，包含本组其它各词的一些意思，可指朝各个方向拉，侧重一时或突然拉动的动作。
drag: 指沿斜坡而上或水平方向缓慢地拖或拉十分沉重的人或物。作借喻时可指把人硬拉扯过来。
haul: 指用力拖或拉，不涉及方向，多作航海用词。
tug: 多指一阵阵地用力拖或拉，但不一定使被拉的人或物移动。
n. 拖； [纺] 麻的粗纤维；拖曳所用之绳
 - pull, drag
vt. 拖；牵引；曳
 - pull, trail

Word: wrist
Front: wrist
[rɪst] (高研四六托宝 3624/4394 -K2)
Back: n. 腕，手腕; 腕关节; （衣袖等的）腕部
分布：手腕(91%)，腕部(9%)
→来自wer,弯，转，拧，词源同wring,wrest,用于指手腕。比较carpal.
n.腕,腕关节On the Christmas the Christian's assistant fisted Pistol Piston and twisted his wrist.在圣诞节,基督徒的助手拳击了"手枪活塞"并扭了他的手腕.
【记】wry（v 扭曲）需要wrist用劲。
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■the part of the body between the hand and the arm 手腕；腕关节
• I sprained my wrist playing squash. 我打壁球时扭伤了手腕。
n. 手腕； [解剖] 腕关节
 - savoir faire

Word: utopia
Front: utopia
[juː'təʊpiə] (宝 14497/22957 -1)
Vocabulary: utopia
(once / 19569 pages)
n
Utopia is a perfect paradise that doesn’t exist, but which we all dream of anyway. In the dead of winter, we might imagine a utopia full of palm trees, warm breezes, and sun-soaked beaches.
Utopia didn't evolve from Latin or another old foreign language. Author Thomas More actually created the noun in one of his books to describe an imaginary island where all systems—political, social, and legal—are perfect and operate harmoniously. The definition of utopia was later broadened to imply any perfect place. The opposite of utopia is dystopia, coined in 1868 by J.S. Mill to describe an “imaginary bad place.”
WORD FAMILY
utopia: utopian, utopias
USAGE EXAMPLES
Half a lifetime later I’ve still glimpsed that utopia only a handful of times, usually for the length of a song.
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
“And yet, we still yearn for some greater truth, for the utopias of our distant horizons, expressed through art.”
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
In this utopia, any irrational obstacles to the spread of liberal modernity – such as Islamic fundamentalism – would be eventually eradicated.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 乌托邦（理想中美好的社会）
分布：乌托邦(89%)，理想国(11%)
→来自希腊语ou, 无，topos,地方，词源同topic,topography.由英国15世纪社会主义学家Thomas More所创。
乌托邦(u无+top地方+ia,乌托邦是现实中没有的)[-ia 1.表名词"某种病"2.表名词"总称,状态"]
US [-'toʊ-] noun countable or uncountable
■(the idea of) a perfect society in which everyone works well with each other and is happy 乌托邦；理想中的完美世界

Word: cerebral
Front: cerebral
[ˈserəbrəl] (宝 10167/8856 -1)
Vocabulary: cerebral
(once / 2639 pages)
adj
If you are a cerebral person, no one would ever call you a drama queen. You make decisions using your intelligence and cold, hard facts, instead of your emotions.
The word cerebral gets its meaning from cerebrum, which is Latin for brain. Cerebral people use their brains instead of their hearts. The cerebrum is a particular section of the brain, and anything related to that part is also cerebral, like in medicine. A cerebral hemorrhage, for example, means a hemorrhage has occurred in the brain — a phrase you'd never want to hear coming from a doctor.
WORD FAMILY
cerebral: cerebrally, intracerebral
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her work is cerebral but also warm, deeply felt.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Stone, who was born with cerebral palsy, wanted to live off-campus while attending Seattle University.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
From a giggly teen viewpoint, “guilty feet” was a hilariously maladroit personification, too fleshy and too cerebral all at once.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 大脑的; 脑的; 理智的; 非感情方面的
分布：大脑的(63%)，理智的(37%)
→来自词根cereb,脑，词源同horn, 角，头。
【参】celebrated（adj 著名的）；celebrity（n 名望，名人）cerebration（n 用脑，思考＝thinking）；cerebrum（n 大脑）
adjective specialized
■relating to the brain 脑的，大脑的
■formal
■demanding careful reasoning and mental effort rather than feelings 理智的；理性的
• She makes cerebral films that deal with important social issues. 她拍摄的影片触动理智，讨论诸多重要的社会问题。
adj. [动] 大脑的，脑的
 - encephalic, cranic

Word: consternation
Front: consternation
[ˌkɒnstəˈneɪʃn] (托宝 15994/13832 -1)
Vocabulary: consternation
(once / 824 pages)
n
Consternation is a noun that can stop you in your tracks because it means "a sudden, alarming amazement or dread that results in utter confusion; dismay."
If you have a sense of consternation you have become afraid, disoriented, or completely befuddled. It comes from the Latin roots con- and -sternare, which means "spread out." Picture all of your thoughts strewn about, nothing makes sense and you might experience a state of consternation. Like the nightmare about the class you forgot to go to in high school and now you have to take the final exam!
WORD FAMILY
consternation: consternations+/consternate: consternated, consternating, consternation
USAGE EXAMPLES
Margaret Thatcher’s resignation as British prime minister provoked tears in Washington and consternation in Moscow, according to a secret Downing Street file released on Friday.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
But they caution that this is a high-risk strategy, which may create consternation among allies even as it enhances deterrence of adversaries.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
When many citizens distrust their government, the media and other institutions of American life, doubts about the freeness and fairness of the elections cause consternation.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 惊愕; 惊惶失措; 惊恐
分布：惊愕(66%)，恐怖(17%)，惊惶失措(17%)
→con-, 强调。-stern, 固定，固化，词源同stern, 严厉的。
【记】con共同，stern（adj 严厉的；苛刻的）－一万人严厉的指责你你就会处于惊恐状态stern作为词根是僵硬的意思：吓得僵硬－极度惊恐。Con，ster＝star，nation：全是星星的国家，当大家辛辛苦苦考上美国大学，并踏上美利坚领土地那一刻，发现身边都是星星，没有人－就会处于惊恐状态
US [ˌkɑ:nt.stɚ-] noun uncountable
■a feeling of worry, shock or confusion 惊愕；惊恐；惊惶失措
• The prospect of so much work filled him with consternation. 一想到要做这么多事，他心里惊恐不已。
• To his consternation, when he got to the airport he found he'd forgotten his passport. 让他惊惶失措的是，到机场后他发现自己忘了带护照。
n. 惊愕；惊惶失措；恐怖
 - wonder, terror

Word: gleeful
Front: gleeful
[ˈgli:fl] (20482/22687)
Vocabulary: gleeful
(once / 2199 pages)
adj
If you're gleeful, you're delighted or joyful. The sound of children's gleeful laughter is one sign of a successful birthday party.
When you feel gleeful, you're more than happy: you're exuberant and joyous. A friend's gleeful face tells you she's gotten great news or heard a hilarious joke, and gleeful kids will sometimes even scream with joy. In the 17th century, the alternate adjective gleesome competed with gleeful — both come from an Old English root, gliu, which means "mirth, play, sport," and also "music" and "mockery."
WORD FAMILY
gleeful: gleefulest, gleefully, gleefulness+/ glee: gleeful, glees
USAGE EXAMPLES
The French await the appearance of yule log cakes with the same gleeful anticipation of kids awaiting Santa.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
In one case, according to a witness, there was a gleeful description of “criminals” being shoved into a commercial oven to roast to death.
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Republicans, after years of vilifying Pelosi’s West Coast liberalism, were gleeful at the stasis among Democratic leaders.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 欣喜的; 高兴的; 令人愉快的
分布：愉快的(72%)，极快乐的(28%)
欢乐的(glee高兴)[-ful 1.表形容词"有…的"2.表名词"满,量"]
adj. 愉快的
 - good, bright, fragrant, cheerful, blithesome

Word: fuck
Front: fuck
[fʌk] (5040/5222)
Vocabulary: fuck
(once / 5339 pages)
nv
Fuck is one of the most common words in English — it's also one of the most offensive. It's main meaning is "have sex," but it has hundreds of other uses.
This slang term for sexual intercourse is not a word to be used lightly — it's an obscenity that, if used on some television networks, could cost the person who "dropped the f-bomb" thousands of dollars. Despite all the people who don't want to hear it, fuck is one of the most common obscenities, and can be used as a noun, verb, adjective, and adverb. It's often used as a modifier to add emphasis to another word, as in "that's so fucking stupid!"
WORD FAMILY
fuck: fucked, fucker, fucking, fucks+/fucker: fuckers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I would go from a sense of serene contentment to being exhilarated to being incredibly despondent and thinking, ‘Fuck, this is it.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
He added, softly, “The five-year-old me never goes away. Why can’t I sit through my movie on opening night? Because I think I fucking suck.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Clifford groped inside his shirt, threw the mic on the floor and walked out, shouting, “You can all fuck off!”
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 与（某人）性交; （表示气愤、厌恶、惊奇的粗话）他妈的
n. 性交; 杂种，讨厌透顶的人; 一丁点儿
vi. 鬼混; 乱弄（常与with连用）
vt. 不公道地（或粗暴地、生硬地）对待; 欺骗; （笨手笨脚地）搞坏; 粗制滥造（常与up连用）
int. 他妈的，滚开，混账（常后接you）
时态：fucked, fucking, fucks
分布：他妈的(36%)，性交(31%)，诅咒(12%)，欺骗(9%)，利用(6%)，性对象(3%)，与 ... 发生性关系(3%)
→词源不详，长期以来作为禁忌语避免使用。可能来自pug, 击打，拳击，词源同pugilist, puncture.
[fʌk] offensive
verb intransitive or transitive
■to have sex with someone 私通；通奸
[fʌk] offensive
verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  fuck about/around
■to behave stupidly, or to waste time doing things which are not important 瞎胡闹；闲混
• Stop fucking around! 别瞎闹了！
[fʌk] offensive
verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  fuck sb about
■to treat someone badly by wasting their time or causing them problems 浪费（某人）的时间；粗暴对待（某人）
• I'm warning you, don't fuck me about! 我警告你，别浪费我的时间！
[fʌk] offensive
verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  fuck off
■to leave or go away, used especially as a rude way of telling someone to go away 滚开；走开
• Just fuck off and leave me alone! 滚开，让我一个人呆一会儿！
• He's fucked off somewhere and left me to do all the work. 他滚到别的地方去了，留下我一个人干所有的工作。
[fʌk] offensive
verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] fuck sb off
■to annoy or upset someone very much 惹恼（某人）；使（某人）心烦意乱
• You speak to me as if I'm stupid and it really fucks me off. 你那样跟我说话，就好像我是个白痴，真把我气坏了。
[fʌk] offensive
verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] fuck (sth) up
■to damage, harm or upset someone or something, or to do something very badly 毁掉；伤害；使苦恼；搞砸
• Her parents' divorce really fucked her up. 她父母的离婚使她很苦恼。
• I fucked up the interview. 我把面试搞砸了。
• The exam was a disaster - I really fucked up. 那次考试真是场灾难——我考得一塌糊涂。
[fʌk] offensive
exclamation
■used when expressing extreme anger, or to add force to what is being said （用于表示极端的愤怒或恼火，或加重语气）妈的，见鬼
• Fuck - the bloody car won't start! 妈的——这破车打不着火了！
• Shut the fuck up! 你他妈的给我闭嘴！
• Who the fuck does she think she is, telling me what to do? 他妈的她觉得自己是老几呀，对我指手画脚的？
[fʌk] offensive
noun countable
■an act of having sex 性交
■a sexual partner 性伙伴，性交物件
n. 性交；杂种；一丁点儿
 - hybrid, gender
vt. 与...性交；诅咒；欺骗
 - sell, fox
vi. 性交；鬼混
 - have sex, sex act

Word: grubby
Front: grubby
[ˈgrʌbi] (20150/12105 -1)
Back: adj. 污秽的，邋遢的; 肮脏的，不洁的; 生蛆的; 卑鄙的
级别：grubbier, grubbiest
分布：肮脏的(39%)，卑鄙的(24%)，生蛆的(20%)，污秽的(17%)
adjective informal
■dirty 肮脏的；邋遢的；污秽的
• He was wearing some old shorts and a grubby T-shirt. 他穿着一条破旧的短裤和一件脏兮兮的T恤衫。
• Don't wipe your grubby hands on my clean towel! 别拿我的干净毛巾擦你那肮脏手！
■disapproving
■If you describe an activity or someone's behaviour as grubby, you do not think that it is honest, fair or acceptable 卑鄙的；可鄙的
• She sees the business of making money as just grubby opportunism. 在她眼中，赚钱的生意只不过是可鄙的投机行为而已。
• He doesn't want this story to get into the grubby hands of the tabloid press (= to be obtained by newspapers who are not honest and fair). 他不想让这件事情登到那些卑鄙下流的小报上去。
adj. 肮脏的；生蛆的；卑鄙的；矮小的
 - poor, mean, base, dirty

Word: frost
Front: frost
[frɒst] (高研四六托雅 21397/6935 -1)
Vocabulary: frost
(once / 448 pages)
1nv 2v 3v
Frost is a thin, icy coating that forms on very cold, damp nights. During a New England winter, you'll have to scrape frost off your car windshield almost every morning.
Frost is made of tiny crystals of ice that appear white and tend to form on windows, the ground, trees, and cars. While frost can be lovely on a window, with its snowflake shapes and patterns, it can also be dangerous for farm crops if it forms unexpectedly early or late in the year. Frost comes directly from the Old English, and it has a Proto-Germanic root.
WORD FAMILY
frost: defrost, frosted, frosting, frosts, frosty +/ defrost: defrosted, defroster, defrosting, defrosts/defroster: defrosters/frosted: unfrosted/frosting: frostings/ frosty: frostier, frostiest, frostily, frostiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
A frost was reported in Vermont every month in 1816, which included a June snowstorm.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Many would recognize his voice as that of Tony the Tiger for Kellogg’s Frosted Flakes.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
He imagines a decadent chocolate cake with creamy frosting.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 使结冰霜; 冻坏; （在蛋糕上）撒糖霜
vi. 结霜; 受冻
n. 霜冻，结霜; 严寒，寒冷; 冷淡
时态：frosted, frosting, frosts
分布：霜(66%)，霜冻(21%)，结霜(5%)，严寒(5%)，冻死(2%)，用糖衣装饰(1%)
→词源同freeze, 冷，冻结。用来指霜冻。
n.霜,霜冻,严寒The costly post was postponed because of the frost.那件昂贵的邮件由于霜的缘故而延搁.
US [frɑ:st] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■(a period of time in which there is) an air temperature below the freezing point of water, or the white, powdery layer of ice which forms in these conditions, especially outside at night 霜期；冰冻天气；霜
• There was a frost last night. 昨天晚上下霜了。
• When I woke up this morning the ground was covered with frost. 我今天早晨醒来的时候地面上覆盖了一层霜。
• There were a lot of hard/heavy (= severe) frosts that winter. 那年冬天多次出现严重的霜冻。
UK [frɒst] US [frɑ:st] verb
COLD 冷的
intransitive or transitive
■to become covered in frost 结霜
• Our bedroom window frosted up. 我们卧室的窗户上结霜了。
• Our lawn is frosted over. 我们的草坪上结了一层霜。
UK [frɒst] US [frɑ:st] verb
CAKE 糕饼
transitive US (UK ice)
■to cover a cake with frosting 给（糕饼等）撒糖霜
• Leave the cake to cool before frosting it. 等蛋糕晾凉了再撒糖霜。
UK [frɒst] US [frɑ:st] verb
HAIR 头发
transitive US
■to make narrow strips of a person's hair a more pale colour than the surrounding hair 挑染（头发）
UK [frɒst] US [frɑ:st] verb
GLASS 玻璃
transitive
■to intentionally make glass less smooth to stop it being transparent 为（玻璃）制毛面
vt. 结霜于；冻坏
 - freeze off
n. 霜； [气象] 冰冻，严寒；冷淡
 - Jack Frost, indifference

Word: keeper
Front: keeper
[ˈki:pə(r)] (高四六 7388/4146 -2)
Vocabulary: keeper
(once / 403 pages)
n
A keeper is someone who is responsible for something, especially a property or a lot of animals. A keeper might take care of a big summer house during the winter months.
You can use keeper to mean "caretaker," someone whose job involves maintaining a house, farm, estate, or grounds. The keeper of a golf course might, for example, keep the greens tidy and groomed. It's also shorthand for zookeeper, or a person who cares for the animals in a zoo. Since about 1300, keeper has meant "one who has charge of some person or thing." It comes from keep and its Old English root cepan, "seize or hold."
WORD FAMILY
keeper: keepers+/ keep: keeper, keeping, keeps, kept/keeping: keepings/kept: keptest, unkept
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the other end of the pitch, the two keepers with the best shots-to-saves record do not belong to a top-six club.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Jamie Walker drew a fine save from Dons keeper Joe Lewis late on as the visitors held on for a deserved win.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
More than 14,000 creatures are being counted at Bristol Zoo as keepers begin their annual stock-take.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 保管人; 饲养员; 负责人; 监护人
分布：饲养员(61%)，看守人(32%)，管理者(7%)
US [-pɚ] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a person who takes care of animals or is in charge of valuable objects, a building, etc 饲养者；保管人；看守人
• a zoo keeper 动物园饲养员
• a lighthouse-keeper 灯塔看守人
UK informal * a goalkeeper
n. 监护人；饲养员；看守人；管理人
 - supervisor, guardian, administrator

Word: invasive
Front: invasive
[ɪnˈveɪsɪv] (9396/22069 -1)
Vocabulary: invasive
(once / 9633 pages)
adj
Anything invasive goes or grows where you don’t want it. An invasive procedure at the doctor hurts, and an invasive plant, like kudzu, grows all over the garden. And the yard. And the house.
Invasive species are plants or animals that are not native to an environment and steadily spread, sometimes taking over the native landscape. The same could be said of diseases such as cancer. Invasive surgery usually involves making an incision with a scalpel. We call policies or laws invasive when they endanger personal or civil rights and liberties. No one likes an invasion. Raccoons are an invasive species in Scotland, but no one believed their fake accents anyway.
WORD FAMILY
invasive: invasively, noninvasive+/ invade: invaded, invader, invades, invading, invasion, invasive /invader: invaders/invading: invadingly/ invasion: invasions/noninvasive: noninvasively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The parents say the documents are irrelevant and that the repeated demands for them are harassing and invasive.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The tribal team would work with the state and other groups fighting the invasive species.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The Minimally Invasive Surgery Biomaterials Lab opened on the medical campus just over three years ago.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 侵略性的，侵害的; 攻击性的; 扩散性的，蔓延性的
分布：侵略性的(46%)，侵入的(34%)，攻击性的(20%)
→来自invade,入侵，侵犯。
adjective
■moving into all areas of something and difficult to stop 侵袭的，侵入的
• an invasive disease 侵入性疾病
• They treated the cancer with non- invasive methods/surgery (= not cutting into the body). 他们用无创方法／手术治疗癌症。
adj. 侵略性的；攻击性的
 - aggressive, attacking

Word: intriguing
Front: intriguing
[ɪnˈtri:gɪŋ] (研六托 5894/7603 -2)
Vocabulary: intriguing
(once / 1832 pages)
adj
Intriguing things or people arouse curiosity and have an indescribable draw. If you find the night sky intriguing and enjoy pondering the limitlessness of the universe, you should consider becoming an astronomer.
When this adjective was first recorded in the 1600’s, anything intriguing had something to do with “tricking, deceiving, or cheating.” It wasn't until much later that intriguing lost its sinister sense and became simply a word to describe something with alluring mystery. Synonyms for intriguing run the gamut from captivating and delightful to riveting and titillating.
WORD FAMILY
intriguing: intriguingly+/ intrigue: intrigued, intriguer, intrigues, intriguing /intriguer: intriguers
USAGE EXAMPLES
But a more intriguing development is wearables with built-in airbags.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
But when it most needs to be intriguing — at the start — it’s just ordinary.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
BIG BACKS: Along with the intriguing matchup of quarterbacks, two of the nation’s most interesting tailbacks will be at work in Pasadena.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 有趣的; 迷人的
v. 搞阴谋诡计(intrigue的现在分词); 激起…的好奇心
分布：有趣的(60%)，吸引人的(40%)
→来自intrigue,激发，激起好奇心。
adjective
■very interesting because of being unusual or mysterious 非常有趣的；引人入胜的；神秘的
• an intriguing possibility/question 极具吸引力的可能性／问题
• She has a really intriguing personality. 她的个性极具魅力。
adj. 有趣的；迷人的
 - colorful, funny, killing, taking
v. 引起…的兴趣；策划阴谋；私通（intrigue的ing形式）
 - brewing

Word: jockey
Front: jockey
[ˈdʒɒki] (宝 9512/5884 -2)
Vocabulary: jockey
(once / 1216 pages)
1nv 2v
During a horse race, the riders are called jockeys. Being a jockey is an excellent career choice for someone small.
Jockeys, usually male, are always small people, weighing less than 120 pounds and generally standing no more than five feet five inches tall. This keeps the horses' total weight light, allowing them to run faster. When jockey is used as a verb, it means "to struggle or compete," like when politicians jockey for dominance or kids jockey to be the first in line for a bouncy house. Jockey was originally a Scottish word for "boy."
WORD FAMILY
jockey: jockeyed, jockeying, jockeys
USAGE EXAMPLES
“He got knocked around a little bit leaving the chute, then after that it was hard to catch them,” jockey Mike Smith said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
As the NFL season enters the homestretch this holiday weekend, several teams will jockey for playoff position while others will seek comfort in consolation prizes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Entrepreneurs are jockeying to be the Shake Shack of Chinese dumplings, of vegan food, of Lebanese flatbread, of Japanese ramen noodles, of artisanal fried chicken.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 赛马骑师; 驾驶员; 操作者; 〈英〉小伙子，下属，帮手
vt. 驾驶，操作; 欺骗，欺诈; 骑马，驾驭
vi. 在马赛中骑马; 运用手段谋利; 耍花招
时态：jockeyed, jockeying, jockeys
分布：驾驶员(35%)，骑马(17%)，运用手段谋利(11%)，操作工(11%)，赛马的骑师(11%)，当骑士骑马(5%)，瞒骗(5%)，骗人使做 ...(5%)
→来自常见人名Jock昵称，用来称呼普通人或不认识的小伙。后用于指骑马送信的信使，引申词义赛马骑师，同时，也用于指马匹交易商，即horse-dealer,因这一职业存在许多欺骗行为，干这一行的人名声通常都不太好，引申词义欺诈，耍花招等。
【记】jockey＝joy＋key，主要是为了娱乐－职业赛马骑师Jockey是乔基男性三角裤的商标名，被职业赛马骑师广为采用。
US ['dʒɑ:.ki] noun countable
■a person whose job is riding horses in races 职业赛马骑师
• a champion jockey 职业赛马冠军骑师
UK ['dʒɒk.i] US ['dʒɑ:.ki] verb intransitive
■to attempt to get power or get into a better position than other people using any methods you can 运用各种手段谋利
• Since the death of the president, opposition parties and the army have been jockeying for power. 总统死后各反对党和军队一直在争权夺利。
• As the singer came on stage, the photographers jockeyed for position at the front of the hall. 歌手一上台，摄影师就在音乐厅前方争抢位置。
UK ['dʒɒk.i] US ['dʒɑ:.ki] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  jockey sb into sth
■to persuade someone to do what you want, often by deceiving them in a clever way 诱骗（某人）做…
• [+ -ing verb] The bosses were eventually jockeyed into signing the union agreement. 多名老板最终被哄骗在工会协议上签字。
vt. 驾驶；欺骗；移动
 - sell, drive, fox
n. 操作工；驾驶员；赛马的骑师
 - driver, navigator

Word: liquidate
Front: liquidate
[ˈlɪkwɪdeɪt] (宝 16502/19027 -1)
Vocabulary: liquidate
(once / 2419 pages)
1v 2v
If you liquidate something, you get rid of it. When a huge retailer has to close all of its stores, it liquidates everything, meaning the inventory and even the shelves and display cases are sold to bargain-hunters, to raise money for the company to pay its debts.
Liquidate comes from the Latin liquidare, meaning “to melt,” or “to clarify.” A recipe might ask you to liquefy the butter, not liquidate it, because liquidate has to do with assets. To liquidate is to convert stocks or goods into cash by selling them, to finish business neatly, and to clear debts. If you liquidate your old baseball card collection, you will have money to put in your college fund.
WORD FAMILY
liquidate: liquidated, liquidates, liquidating, liquidation, liquidator+/liquidation: liquidations/liquidator: liquidators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many brokers expect Hanjin eventually to be liquidated or reduced to a much smaller regional operator.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Any additional locations the company liquidates will be closed by April 30, American Apparel said in court documents.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
On the line was the owner of a mattress store who was liquidating his showroom, and offering to donate his stock of mattresses.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 清算; 清偿; 结束; 换现款
时态：liquidated, liquidating, liquidates
分布：清算(77%)，清偿(16%)，消除(7%)
→来自liquid,流动，液体。用于经济学资产的流动性，清算，清偿等。
清偿(债务);清理(帐目)(liquid+ate→像把水弄清一样→清理)[liqu=wet,表示"湿"]
清洗;结清(liquid液体...用液体清洗)[-ate 1.表动词"做,造成"2.表形容词"具有…的"3.表名词"人或地位"]
verb
CLOSE 关闭
intransitive or transitive
■to cause a business to close, so that its assets can be sold to pay its debts 清算，清盘
['lɪk.wɪ.deɪt] verb
KILL 杀掉
transitive
■to kill someone who threatens a government or political organization 清除，肃清（对政府或政治组织有威胁的人）
vt. 清算；偿付；消除
 - eliminate, avoid
vi. 清算；清理债务
 - reckon with sb, bring to account

Word: longing
Front: longing
[ˈlɒŋɪŋ] (六托宝 8143/8159 -1)
Vocabulary: longing
(once / 273 pages)
n
A longing is a strong feeling of need or desire for someone or something. If you're stuck in detention and all of your friends are outside enjoying a sunny day, you might be looking out the window with longing.
A longing describes an unfulfilled desire. The days might feel long as long as you are longing to see someone you love, if that person is far away. You might be longing for your mother's home-made chicken soup, if you are sick and far from home. Or perhaps you are a pregnant woman, wide awake and longing for pickles and ice-cream at four in the morning. Let's hope there's a twenty-four hour deli open somewhere to help satisfy your longing.
WORD FAMILY
longing: longings+/ length: lengthen, lengths, lengthy / lengthen: lengthened, lengthening, lengthens/lengthening: lengthenings/ lengthy: lengthier, lengthiest, lengthily, lengthiness/ long: length, longed, longer, longest, longing, longingly, longish, longly, longness, longs/longest: longests
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the team’s struggles left them longing for next year.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Today, only fools embrace the uglier parts of the pre-Civil War South, but there is a longing to preserve Southern identity.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“It’s not just a longing or just a passing urge.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 渴望，热望
adj. 渴望的; 极想得到的
v. 渴望(long的现在分词)
分布：渴望(82%)，渴望的(11%)，憧憬(7%)
→来自long,渴望。
渴望(long+ing→很长时间[想要]→渴望)[long,leng表示"长"]
【记】long（adj 长的；v 渴望）
US ['lɑ:ŋ-] noun [S or U]
■a feeling of wanting something or someone very much 渴望，向往，期望
• He gazed at her, his eyes full of longing. 他凝视着她，眼里充满了渴望。
• a longing look 期待的眼神
• a longing for his homeland 对家乡的向往
n. 渴望，热望；憧憬
 - aspiration, eagerness
adj. 渴望的，极想得到的
 - eager, desired, hungry, anxious, sick
v. 渴望（long的ing形式）
 - craving, hankering

Word: maternity
Front: maternity
[məˈtɜ:nəti] (六 11382/7122 -1)
Vocabulary: maternity
(once / 3671 pages)
n
Use the noun maternity to describe the relationship of a mother to her children.
The state of maternity includes everything involved in becoming a mother, from being pregnant to giving birth to chasing a little kid around a playground. Adoptive mothers experience maternity too, since they are someone's mom. The word maternity comes from the Latin root mater, which means "mother," and it's related to the adjective maternal. You can mostly use the words maternity and motherhood interchangeably.
WORD FAMILY
maternity: maternities+/ maternal: maternalism, maternally, maternity /maternalism: maternalistic
USAGE EXAMPLES
Couric is filling in for Savannah Guthrie, who’s on maternity leave.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“You were supposed to do maternity scenes or watercolours, but not something as tough and decisive as what you do,” Bechara says.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Ventilation machines and other vital equipment are broken down, including some of the incubators in the maternity ward.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 母性，为母之道; 妇产科医院
adj. 产妇用的; 产科的; 孕妇的
分布：母性(39%)，产科病房(31%)，孕妇的(17%)，母性的(10%)，母亲身份(3%)
→来自maternal,母亲的，-ity,名词后缀。比喻用法。
[见上,－ity名词字尾]母性的,母性的[母matr(i);mater;metro]
母性;产科医院(matern+ity)[matern,matr=mother,表示"母性,母亲"]
US [-'tɝ:.nə.tˌi] noun uncountable formal
■the state of being a mother 母亲身分
UK [mə'tɜ:.nə.ti] US [-'tɝ:.nə.tˌi] adjective [before noun]
■related to pregnancy and birth 怀孕的；产妇的
• maternity clothes 孕妇装
n. [生物] 母性，母道； [妇产] 妇产科医院
 - motherhood
adj. 产科的；产妇的，孕妇的
 - obstetric

Word: obstruction
Front: obstruction
[əbˈstrʌkʃn] (研托宝 8999/7667 -1)
Vocabulary: obstruction
(once / 1100 pages)
n
An obstruction blocks things, like a roadblock prevents drivers to enter a street or a piece of food cuts off your windpipe.
All types of obstructions block things. If you put a shelf in your doorway, that would be an obstruction: people would have a hard time getting around it. In football, offensive linemen try to be obstructions: they stand between the defense and the quarterback. Legally, if someone lies to the police or withholds evidence, they are an obstruction to justice, because they're preventing the police from doing their jobs. All obstructions are impediments; obstructions are in the way.
WORD FAMILY
obstruction: obstructionism, obstructions+/ obstruct: obstructed, obstructer, obstructing, obstruction, obstructive, obstructor, obstructs/ obstructed: unobstructed /obstructer: obstructers/ obstructionism: obstructionist/obstructionist: obstructionists/ obstructive: obstructively/obstructor: obstructors/ unobstructed: unobstructedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He is serving a 19-month prison sentence for bribery and obstruction of justice.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Roof was found guilty on 33 federal charges, including hate crimes and obstruction of the practice of religion.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Roof was found guilty last month on 33 federal charges, including murder, attempted murder, hate crimes and obstruction of the practice of religion.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 障碍物; 阻碍的行为或例子; 阻碍，受阻; 妨碍议事
分布：障碍(59%)，妨碍(25%)，闭塞(14%)，违例阻挡(2%)
→来自obstruct,阻碍，阻挠。
阻碍;闭塞[struct=build,表示"建立"]
n.妨碍,障碍物
noun
countable or uncountable
■something that blocks a road, passage, entrance, etc. so that nothing can go along it, or the act of blocking something in this way 废弃的；过时的；淘汰的；老化的
• There's some sort of obstruction on the railway tracks. 铁轨上有障碍物。
uncountable
■behaviour or actions that prevent something from happening or working correctly 妨碍、阻挠某事发生或正常运行的动作或行为
• They were charged with obstruction of the police/of justice (= preventing the police/law courts from doing their jobs). 他们被指控妨碍警方执行公务／法庭审判。
uncountable
■in sport, when one player gets in the way of another and so prevents them from moving freely （体育项目中的）阻挡犯规
• The referee said it was obstruction. 裁判判定这是阻挡犯规。
obstruction, barrier, hindrance, obstacle, bar
这组词都有“障碍(物)”的意思，其区别是：
obstruction: 常既指具体的障碍又可指抽象或喻意上的阻碍。
barrier: 常指临时的或者可能跨越的障碍。
hindrance: 指妨碍他人进步或做事的人或物。
obstacle: 指在达到目的或前进的过程中必须消除或绕过的障碍物，也指起阻碍作用等情况。
bar: 既可指阻止进出或通过的栅栏一类的障碍物，也可用于抽象意义障碍。
n. 障碍； [化学] 阻碍；妨碍
 - intervention, prevention, let, bar, dam

Word: pi
Front: pi
[paɪ] (18727/8364)
Back: n. 圆周率(π)
分布：圆周率(100%)
→来自希腊字母pi.现词义缩写自periphery,圆周，周长。
(also π) [paɪ] noun uncountable
■a Greek letter, especially used in mathematics as a symbol for the number (approximately 3.14) used to calculate the size of circles 圆周率

Word: pastime
Front: pastime
[ˈpɑ:staɪm] (研四六雅 11138/11164 -1)
Vocabulary: pastime
(once / 1123 pages)
n
A pastime is any hobby or activity that you do to pass the time. Usually, people enjoy their pastimes.
When baseball was more popular, it was called the "national pastime," because so many people enjoyed watching or playing it. Baseball is still a major pastime, as are many other sports. Other pastimes include listening to music, playing music, watching TV, playing video games, playing with your dog, and any kind of hobby. Whenever you're awake and not working, you're probably enjoying a pastime.
WORD FAMILY
pastime: pastimes
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is time to play fair, starting with our national pastime.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Most of the men and women Comas interviewed showed a zest for life and an interest in pastimes from amateur dramatics to playing the piano.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Paranoia became the national mood and vigilante surveillance the national pastime.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 消遣，娱乐
分布：消遣(73%)，娱乐(27%)
→缩写自pass time.
n.消遣,娱乐In the past the compass could pass passion to the passive man having pastime on the pasture.在过去,指南针可以将激情传递给在牧场上消遣的被动之人
US ['pæs-] noun countable
■an activity which is done for enjoyment; a hobby 消遣，娱乐
• Do-it-yourself is the nation's most popular pastime. 自己动手是该国最流行的消遣活动。
• figurative Suing people, especially doctors, is a national pastime (= common activity) in America. 在美国，提出诉讼——尤其是控告医生——是一种全民热衷的寻常事。
hoblly, pastime, recreation
这组词都有“嗜好，消遣，娱乐”的意思，其区别是：
hoblly: 指在某一具有知识性和趣味性的领域内从事的业余爱好活动。
pastime: 多指消遣，系空余时间的娱乐活动，常常不具什么内在价值或意义。
recreation: 通常指令人愉快的消遣或有节制的活动，侧重于游玩、游戏和消遣。
n. 娱乐，消遣
 - entertainment, recreation, pleasure, sport, occupation

Word: rung
Front: rung
[rʌŋ] (宝 13893/18593 -1)
Vocabulary: rung
(once / 1053 pages)
n
A rung is one of the horizontal steps of a ladder. You should never stand on the very top rung of a ladder — it can be dangerous!
From the literal ladder definition of rung, a place to put your foot (or hand) as you climb up, comes the metaphorical meaning of "a level." For example, if you get a promotion at work, you might say you're climbing up the rungs of the company. The horizontal bars between the legs of a chair are also rungs. This word comes from a Germanic root meaning "stake, staff, or bar."
WORD FAMILY
rung: rungs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Patrick played in the N.F.L. for three years, and suffered three concussions, which he described as getting his “bell rung.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The bells were rung ahead of the Minsters Service of Nine Lessons and Carols on Thursday.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
They were never meant to serve as a lower rung of government.
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 阶梯，梯级; （地位等的上升）一级; （椅子等）横档
v. 把…圈起来( ring的过去分词)
分布：阶梯(49%)，横档(45%)，动词ring的过去分词.(6%)
→来自古英语 hrung,横杆，挡板。后用于指梯子的横档，梯级。
verb past participle of
■ ring
[rʌŋ] noun countable
■any of the short bars that form the steps of a ladder 梯子横档；梯级
[rʌŋ] noun countable
be on the lowest / bottom rung of the ladder
■to be at the lowest level of an organization （在组织中）处于最底层，处于最低等级
• I started my life on the bottom rung of the ladder in this company. 我从这间公司的最基层做起，开始了我的职业生涯。
n. 横档，脚蹬横木；地位
 - status, capacity

Word: surrey
Front: surrey
[ˈsʌri] (40729/4190)
Back: n. <美>（四轮双座通常有篷的）萨里式游览马车
分布：名词(100%)

Word: rejoice
Front: rejoice
[rɪˈdʒɔɪs] (研四六雅宝 10736/8553 -1)
Vocabulary: rejoice
(once / 165 pages)
v
To rejoice is to be incredibly happy, or to express your incredible happiness. If you just won millions in the lottery, you might rejoice by screaming at the top of your lungs.
The verb rejoice is like to celebrate but it’s taken to more of an extreme than just a celebration. You might rejoice after scoring the winning goal in a championship game, or you might rejoice when you receive an amazing gift on your birthday. You’ll often hear this word in the phrase “let us rejoice,” especially in some religious settings.
WORD FAMILY
rejoice: rejoiced, rejoices, rejoicing +/ rejoicing: rejoicingly, rejoicings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rejoice: After three years away, the hit BBC series “Sherlock” is back for three new episodes of buddy comedy and intrigue.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“Let us rejoice in this season and look forward with renewed hope and determination.”
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
Angels rejoice, dumb animals recognise the weight of this moment, and all eyes are on the child who will redeem the world.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 高兴; 欢庆
vt. 使高兴; 使欢喜
时态：rejoiced, rejoicing, rejoices
分布：动词(100%)
→re-,表强调，joy,开心的，-ice,名词后缀。词性由名词作动词使用。
v.(使)欣喜,(使)高兴Her rejoicing voice is void of something avoidable.她那令人高兴的声音缺少某种可避免的东西.
【记】re反复，jo＝joy，ice：在夏天反复用ice使你joy－使高兴rejoice是“飘柔”的商标
【反】grouse（v 埋怨；抱怨）
[rɪ'dʒɔɪs] formal
verb intransitive
■to feel or show great happiness about something 非常高兴；深感欣喜；充满喜悦
• Everyone rejoiced at the news of his safe return. 听到他安全返回的消息，大家都欣喜万分。
• She rejoiced in her good fortune. 她为自己的好运高兴不已。
• [+ to infinitive] I rejoiced to see that she had made such a quick recovery. 看到她这么快就痊愈了，我非常高兴。
vi. 高兴；庆祝
 - pleasure, be pleased
vt. 使高兴
 - glad, pleasure, satisfy

Word: allan
Front: allan
['ælən] (-/5840)
Back: [男子名] [英格兰人、苏格兰人姓氏] 阿伦 Allen的变体; [地名] [加拿大] 阿伦; [地名] [法国] 阿朗
分布：名词(100%)

Word: adequacy
Front: adequacy
['ædɪkwəsɪ] (14558/12492)
Vocabulary: adequacy
(once / 3600 pages)
n
Adequacy is the state of being sufficient for the purpose concerned. The meaning doesn't suggest abundance or excellence, or even more than what is absolutely necessary. Adequacy is simply the state of sufficiency.
There is a current of equality running through the noun adequacy. The Latin word from which it is derived is adaequāre, "to make something equal to something else." The English word made its appearance in the early 1800s as a derivative of the adjective adequate. Adequacy means being equal to the requirements of the situation — no more, no less. Theater critic Walter Kerr once wrote this scathing review of an actor: "He has delusions of adequacy."
WORD FAMILY
adequacy: adequacies, inadequacy +/ adequate: adequacy, adequately, adequateness, inadequate / inadequacy: inadequacies/ inadequate: inadequately, inadequateness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Complicating matters, the Kansas Supreme Court is expected to rule soon on a lawsuit challenging the adequacy of state funding for public schools.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Starting with a 1990 court case in Kentucky, courts started asking about “adequacy” instead.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
That’s when issues like Malaysia’s reserve adequacy grow more critical.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 足够; 充分; 胜任; 适当
分布：足够(61%)，适当(39%)
足够(ad加强+equ+acy→[数量]相等了再增加→足够)[equ,equi=equal,even,表示"相等,平均"]
N-UNCOUNT
适当;恰当
Adequacy is the quality of being good enough or great enough in amount to be acceptable.
例：I am very critical of the adequacy of Britain's race laws...我对英国种族法律的适当性颇有微词。
例：Several studies point to a real cause for concern over the adequacy of the diet eaten by British children.针对英国儿童膳食质量的担忧，数份研究将矛头指向了同一根源。
n. 足够； [审计] 适当；妥善性
 - fitness, relevance

Word: yell
Front: yell
[jel] (高研四六托 2628/5181 -2)
Back: vt. & vi. 叫喊，大声叫; 叫喊着说
n. 叫喊，大声叫; （拉拉队鼓动运动员的）呼喊声
时态：yelled, yelling, yells
分布：大叫(53%)，大喊(47%)
→来自ghel,叫喊，呼喊，拟声词，词源同nightingale,yelp.
vi.大叫;呼喊vt.叫着说n.叫声;喊声The cellar-dweller yelled, "Fell the jellyfish burglar!"住地下室的人喊道:"打倒海蜇窃贼!"
verb intransitive or transitive
 ADVANCED
■to shout something or make a loud noise, usually when you are angry, in pain or excited （通常指生气、疼痛或激动时）叫喊，吼叫（着说）
• Our neighbours were yelling (obscenities) at each other this morning. 今天早晨我们的邻居在互相破口大骂。
• The child yelled out in pain. 孩子痛得大叫起来。
• [+ speech] "Just get out of here!" she yelled. “滚出去！”她大吼道。
call, scream, yell, roar, shriek, exclaim, shout, cry
这组词都有“喊”的意思，其区别是：
call: 指大声说话或喊叫，以引起某人的注意。
scream: 指因恐具、快乐或痛苦而发出的尖叫声。
yell: 多指求援、鼓励时的呼叫。也可指因外界因素刺激而发出尖厉声音。
roar: 指发出大而深沉的声音、吼叫或咆哮。
shriek: 指因惊恐、痛苦等或其它感情而发出比scream更为尖锐、刺耳的叫声。
exclaim: 多指因高兴、愤怒、痛苦、惊讶等突发感情而高声喊叫。
shout: 指有意识地高声喊叫，常用于提出警告、发命令或唤起注意等。
cry: 一般指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而喊叫。
vi. 大叫，叫喊
 - scream out, shout out
n. 喊声，叫声
 - cry, wow

Word: wreckage
Front: wreckage
[ˈrekɪdʒ] (四宝 8825/9903 -1)
Vocabulary: wreckage
(once / 1978 pages)
n
What's left behind after a destructive accident or disaster is called wreckage. The day after tornadoes sweep through a town, its inhabitants might search the wreckage of their houses for mementoes and valuables.
When a bomb goes off, a city floods, or a house burns down, mangled pieces of buildings and cars often remain — wreckage that's a reminder of the catastrophe. After the Titanic hit an iceberg and sank, the wreckage sat on the ocean floor for decades before divers found it. Wreckage comes from wreck, originally "goods washed ashore after a shipwreck."
WORD FAMILY
wreckage: wreckages+/ wreck: wreckage, wrecked, wrecker, wrecking, wrecks/wrecker: wreckers/wrecking: wreckings
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s been no sign of any wreckage or survivors since the aircraft disappeared Thursday night.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The wreckage was spotted from a helicopter on Tuesday.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
No memory of rescuers arriving, fighting to free him from the wreckage, calling for a helicopter.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. （坠毁物）残片，碎片，残骸; 折断; 失事
分布：残骸(88%)，失事(9%)，破坏(2%)，破减(1%)
→来自wreck,残骸，沉船。
残骸,碎片(wreck残骸,破坏)[-age名词反缀1.表示"状态,总称"2.表示"场所,物品"3.表示"费用"]
【记】wreck（n 失事，遇难），age－遇难船只
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a badly damaged object or the separated parts of a badly damaged object 严重受损的东西；残骸
• Two children were trapped in the wreckage. 两名儿童被困在残骸里。
• The wreckage of the car was scattered over the roadside. 那辆汽车的残骸散落在路旁。
■what is left of something that has been spoiled or that has failed 剩余物；残存物
• Kate was still clinging to the wreckage of her failed marriage. 凯特仍然执著于她那破碎的婚姻，不想放手。
n. （失事船或飞机等的）残骸；（船只等的）失事
 - remain, debris

Word: compliment
Front: compliment
[ˈkɒmplɪmənt] (研六托雅宝 7568/6865 -2)
Vocabulary: compliment
(once / 217 pages)
nv
A compliment is an expression of respect or admiration, like, "You're such a good writer," or "You know so many words!" Keep them coming.
Compliments are always welcome, because they usually make people feel good. It’s saying something nice about someone or something. If you get mysterious flowers, look at the card – perhaps it will say “compliments of your upstairs neighbors,” as an apology for playing their music too loud all night. Or if you say, “my compliments to the chef!” you really liked your meal.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
complement / compliment
Both are awesome on a first date — complement means to complete something, and a compliment is flattering. If you feel you and your new friend complement each other, maybe it's because he's been giving you so many compliments like when he says you look like a supermodel.
To complement, with an e, means to complete or supplement something, such as chocolates complementing the flowers you give your date. A complement is the thing doing the completing. The chocolates are a complement to the flowers. Here are some things that go well together:
Even as teenagers, they finished each other's sentences, complementing and encouraging the other. (Golf Digest)
In Ms. Clinton's case, IAC said her "skills and background complement the existing areas of expertise of other board members." (New York Times)
GM mosquito technology must be evaluated as a complement to existing control measures. (Scientific American)
To compliment, with an i, is to offer praise to or admiration. This could be in the form of words or actions. You might compliment your date on his dance moves, for example. "Your moonwalk is perfect!" is a compliment. Here are more:
"I lived on people's compliments, kind words," she says. (Washington Post)
Biggest compliment: After Rob completed his waltz, Judge Len Goodman announced, "You've got the best footwork of any guy I've seen on this show ever." (Time)
Once spelled the same, compliment became distinct from complement around 1650. They're still pronounced the same. You see the difference when they're written, so as long as you're just yapping no one will know if you mix them up. When writing, though, remember that a complement completes something, but I like getting compliments.
WORD FAMILY
compliment: complimentary, complimented, complimenting, compliments+/ complimentary: complimentarily, uncomplimentary/uncomplimentary: uncomplimentarily
USAGE EXAMPLES
At a recent celebration, friends used one cake to congratulate Bill Word on his retirement and compliment Matt Word on his new job.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The next day, Fisher said he was simply “complimenting” Rams players.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“I’m just looking for new ways to compliment him,” McCarthy said.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 恭维; 敬意; 道贺，贺词; 致意
vt. 向…道贺; 称赞; 向…致意
时态：complimented, complimenting, compliments
分布：恭维(67%)，称赞(33%)
→词源同complement, 补足，完成。原义指完成礼仪，表达尊重，多用于客套性的用语。词义与complement产生了完全的差别。
赞扬,恭维(com全部+pli+ment→[让人]+分满足→恭维[别人])[ple,plen,plet,pli=full,fill,表示"满,填满"]
n.(pl.)问候,致意n./v.称赞,恭维Comply with the compatible rule of complement when using compliments.使用问候语时遵守补语的相容规则.
【参】complement（v /n 补充）；implement（n 工具；v 实施）
US ['kɑ:m-] noun
countable
■a remark that expresses approval, admiration or respect 恭维（话）；赞扬（话）；奉承（话）
• She complained that her husband never paid her any compliments any more. 她抱怨说丈夫再也不赞美她了。
• I take it as a compliment (= I am pleased) when people say I look like my mother. 当人们说我长得像我母亲的时候，我觉得很高兴。
• Are you fishing for (= trying to get) compliments? 你在沽名钓誉吗？
only singular
■an action which expresses approval or respect 赞扬；致敬；致意
• You should take it as a compliment when I fall asleep in your company - it means I'm relaxed. 我在你面前睡着了你应该感到荣幸——这意味着我很放心。
• Thank you so much for your help - I hope one day I'll be able to return/repay the compliment (= do something good for you). 谢谢你的帮忙——我希望有朝一日能报答你。
My compliments... formal
■an expression of your admiration or respect （向）…致意（或致敬）
• That was an excellent meal! My compliments to the chef. 这顿饭真是太好吃了！请代我向厨师致意。
with your compliments formal
■If you give something to someone with your compliments, you give it to them free 免费赠送地
• We enclose a copy of our latest brochure, with our compliments. 我们免费附赠一本最新的小册子。
UK ['kɒm.plɪ.mənt] US ['kɑ:m-] verb transitive
■to praise or express admiration for someone 夸奖；赞扬；赞赏；恭维
• I was just complimenting Robert on his wonderful food. 我刚才在夸罗伯特做的饭菜很棒。
• I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation. 我必须表扬你对困难局面的处理。
praise, applaud, commend, compliment
这些动词均有“赞扬、表扬、称赞”之意。
praise: 普通用词，指用语言或其它方式表示夸奖、赞扬。
applaud: 指出色的表演或高尚的行为等得到同声赞许、大声叫好或热烈鼓掌。
commend: 正式用词，指对具体功绩或成就等表示称赞或嘉奖。
compliment: 侧重客气和礼貌，有时含恭维之意。
complement, compliment, supplement
complement: 补充，补足，把有缺陷的两个东西结合成一个整体
compliment: 赞美，恭维
supplement: 增补，追加，使完整物体进一步完善
n. 恭维；称赞；问候；致意；道贺
 - praise, regard
vt. 恭维；称赞
 - speak well of, pay a tribute to

Word: brash
Front: brash
[bræʃ] (宝 13535/14792 -1)
Vocabulary: brash
(once / 4628 pages)
adj
Brash sounds like what it means: harsh, loud, and maybe a little rude. Sometimes that’s good, like when you have a serious rash on your face and give Aunt Nell a brash warning before she showers you with kisses.
There's nothing warm and fuzzy about brash. New Yorkers are sometimes thought of as the poster children for brash behavior: they can be bold and brazen. Pushy even. You might find brashness offensive, or maybe you think it's refreshingly direct. If you're a cab driver, a tough exterior might be useful, but being brash probably won’t advance your career if you work in a hotel, where you’re supposed to be polite and welcoming.
WORD FAMILY
brash: brasher, brashest, brashly, brashness
USAGE EXAMPLES
They remained drawn to their team’s brash play and menacing image even though its performance on the field was often uninspiring.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The opening “Big Show” movement evokes, he says, the “brash, brassy, razzle-dazzle of our city.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The message, as always on this show, is served with a brash brand of mirth.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 傲慢的; 轻率的; 易碎的; 脆的
n. 胃灼热; 骤雨; 碎片; 残枝
级别：brasher, brashest
分布：无礼的(31%)，自以为是的(17%)，俗气的(17%)，鲁莽的(9%)，骤雨(9%)，胃灼热(9%)，碎石堆(4%)，易碎的(4%)
→词源不详。可能来自brush, 刷子，挥舞。
【参】rash（adj 轻率的，匆忙的，卤莽的）
disapproving
adjective
■(of people) showing too much confidence and too little respect （人）傲慢的，粗鲁的，自以为是的
• a brash young banker 自以为是的青年银行家
■(of clothes) too bright and colourful （衣服）花里胡哨的，过分艳丽的
• Don't you think that suit's a bit brash for a funeral? 你不觉得那套衣服在葬礼上穿有点太艳了吗？
adj. 无礼的，傲慢的；仓促的，性急的
 - rude, insolent
n. 骤雨；碎片；胃灼热
 - debris, chip

Word: barometer
Front: barometer
[bəˈrɒmɪtə(r)] (六托雅 16352/14773 -1)
Vocabulary: barometer
(once / 1737 pages)
n
A barometer is a device that measures atmospheric pressure. Barometers help meteorologists figure out what the weather is going to be like.
Sure, it's technically a weather man's tool — but you can use barometer more generally to describe anything that can be used to forecast or measure something else. The stock market is a barometer for economic health. Your grades are a barometer of how you're doing in school. For the President, a national poll is a barometer of political success. These kinds of barometers tell which way the wind is blowing — just not literally.
WORD FAMILY
barometer: barometers, barometric, barometrical+/barometric: barometrically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pending sales contracts are a barometer of future purchases.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Market barometers miss the mark as investors try to navigate conflicting signals.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
It was the Rams’ performance the last few weeks, he said, “that really changed the barometer.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 气压计; 晴雨表; 显示变化的事物; <比喻>（舆论等的）标记
分布：晴雨表(73%)，气压计(27%)
→词根bar, 重，同gravity, 重力。-meter, 仪器，计。
气压计(baro压力+meter)[meter,metr,meas,mens=measure,表示"计量,测量等"]
气压针(baro+meter计量器)[bar=weight表示"重,压"]
【记】1）baro重压，meter仪表－气压计2）bar酒吧，meter仪表。酒吧仪表就是晴雨表。因为，酒吧没人就是下雨了，人多就是大晴天。
US [-'rɑ:.mɪ.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a device that measures air pressure and shows when the weather is likely to change 气压计
■something that can show how a particular situation is developing, or how people's opinions on a particular matter are changing （颢示特定形势或人们对某一问题态度变化的）晴雨表，标志
• This survey is considered to be a reliable barometer of public opinion. 这项调查被看作是可靠的晴雨表，能反映出民意。
n. [气象] 气压计；睛雨表；显示变化的事物
 - weatherglass

Word: decode
Front: decode
[ˌdi:ˈkəʊd] (宝 13774/15367)
Vocabulary: decode
(once / 9540 pages)
v
When you translate a message from symbols or code into language, you decode it. British code breakers worked during World War II to decode Germany's coded messages.
You might need to decode a secret message sent by a spy, but some computer scientists also decode the symbols in computer languages into grammatically correct language. Sometimes older people don't understand the lingo that younger people are using — they might ask a grandchild to help them decode lines in a song, for example. When sound engineers translate between analog and digital signals, they also decode.
WORD FAMILY
decode: decoded, decoder, decodes, decoding+/ code: coded, coder, codes, codify, coding, decode, encode, microcode/coder: coders/codification: codifications/ codify: codification, codified, codifies, codifying/coding: codings/decoder: decoders/decoding: decodings/ encode: encoded, encodes, encoding/microcode: microcodes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unfortunately it involves learning how to decode 59-digit aviation weather forecasts such as this:
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
But at age 20, she was mature enough to complete Carmen’s sentences and decode his facial expressions.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
She told BBC Radio 4's Today programme she "thinks in pictures" and that "there isn't one way to decode language".
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 译（码），解（码）; 分析及译解电子信号
时态：decoded, decoding, decodes
分布：解码(88%)，译码(9%)，译解(3%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。code, 密码。
破译(de+code密码→去掉密码)[de-①表示"去掉,变坏,离开,变慢,向下"等②表示"使…成为,加强"等]
【记】code（n 密码）
US [-'koʊd] verb
transitive
■to discover the meaning of information given in a secret or complicated way 破译，破解；解（码）
• Decoding the paintings is not difficult once you know what the component parts symbolise. 一旦明白了画中各部分的象征意义，也就不难搞清楚这幅画的含义了。
Compare encode
intransitive or transitive specialized
■to understand the meaning of a word or phrase in a foreign language in the correct way 正确理解（外语单词或短语）
• Grammatical information helps learners to decode sentences. 文法资讯有助于学习者正确理解句子的含义。
vt. [计] [通信] 译码，解码
 - encode

Word: eurobond
Front: eurobond
['jʊərəʊbɒnd] (-/17976)
Back: n. 欧洲债券
分布：欧洲债券(100%)

Word: habitually
Front: habitually
[hə'bɪtʃʊəlɪ] (17706/13893)
Back: adv. 习惯地，惯常地; 素; 素常
分布：习惯地(50%)，日常地(50%)
ADJ
（动作、状态或行为方式）习惯性的，惯常的，典型的
A habitual action, state, or way of behaving is one that someone usually does or has, especially one that is considered to be typical or characteristic of them.
例：He soon recovered his habitual geniality...他不久就恢复了自己一贯的和蔼可亲的态度。
例：If bad posture becomes habitual, you risk long-term effects.不良姿势一旦定型，日后可就有你受的了。
ADJ
（人）积习难改的，习以为常的
You use habitual to describe someone who usually or often does a particular thing.
例：She was a habitual daydreamer.她总是耽于幻想。
例：...the home secretary's plans for minimum sentences for habitual criminals.内政大臣关于设置惯犯起刑点的打算
adv. 习惯地；日常地
 - daily

Word: matrix
Front: matrix
[ˈmeɪtrɪks] (宝 5874/4065 -1)
Vocabulary: matrix
(once / 4747 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
At an archaeological dig, the matrix is the soil surrounding the site. Biologists use the phrase "nuclear matrix" to refer to the material left behind after DNA is extracted from a cell's nucleus. A matrix is an environment or structure in which something originates or develops.
Matrix, related to the Latin word for "mother," originally meant "pregnant animal" or "breeding female" and was later generalized to mean "womb." Today, matrix includes any nurturing or supportive setting or substance usually within the fields of math and the sciences — except in the cinematic trilogy starring Keanu Reeves, of course. Matrixes is an acceptable plural form, but you can use matrices if you want to show off your knowledge of Latin noun endings.
WORD FAMILY
matrix: matrices, matrixes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Plug me into one of those pink goo baths from The Matrix.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Its interior is a matrix of dim hallways and soulless conference rooms.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Acellular dermal matrices are commonly used in breast reconstruction procedures and complex hernia surgeries to provide soft tissue support.
Reuters(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. <数>矩阵; 模型; 基质; 母体，子宫
分布：矩阵(96%)，子宫(3%)，唱片模板(1%)
→来自拉丁语matrix,子宫，母体，来自mater,母亲。引申词义社会环境，并用于指科学术语矩阵。见电影《黑客帝国》。
母体;子宫(matri+x→母亲→母体)[matern,matr=mother,表示"母性,母亲"]
【记】matri＝mother，x，原指子宫，引申为模子和矩阵ma妈妈，tri＝try，x：妈妈努力学会X算算数－矩阵。
noun (plural matrices or matrixes)
DEVELOPMENT 发展
countable formal
■the set of conditions which provides a system in which something grows or develops （事物成长发展的）条件，环境
• Europe is remaking itself politically within the matrix of the European Community. 欧洲正在欧共体的氛围中重塑政治版图。
['meɪ.trɪks] noun (plural matrices or matrixes)
MATHEMATICS 数学
countable specialized
■a group of numbers or other symbols arranged in a rectangle which can be used together as a single unit to solve particular mathematical problems （数学上的）矩阵
['meɪ.trɪks] noun (plural matrices or matrixes)
SUBSTANCE 物质
countable or uncountable specialized
■a substance in which other things are fixed, buried, etc 基质；母岩；脉石
• The fossils lie embedded in a matrix of shale and sandstone. 化石牢牢嵌在页岩与砂岩形成的基质中。
n. [数] 矩阵；模型； [生物] [地质] 基质；母体；子宫；脉石
 - model, shape, former, substrate

Word: probation
Front: probation
[prəˈbeɪʃn] (雅 7200/7291 -1)
Vocabulary: probation
(once / 1622 pages)
n
A probation is a period of time when a criminal needs to be on their best behavior: they're not in jail (yet or anymore) but they have to do certain things demanded by the court.
Being put on criminal probation is like getting a second chance before more serious penalties apply: you might have to pay a fine, do community service, or be monitored to make sure you don’t get into any more trouble. Some criminals are released from jail early and put on probation. People also talk about probation for non-criminal issues: there could be a probation period for joining a club, when they check you out before deciding to let you in.
WORD FAMILY
probation: probationary, probationer, probations+/ probate: probated, probates, probating, probation, probative/probationer: probationers
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of the suspects sentenced this past week received three years in prison while another was sentenced to probation.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Louisville captures N.C.A.A. men’s basketball championship, placed on probation in emotional ceremony while cutting down net.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Most involved state wards in foster homes, adoptive homes, state-licensed residential care facilities and the juvenile probation system.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 试用（期）; 缓刑（期）; 查看，查验; 试读（期）
分布：缓刑(58%)，试用期(42%)
→来自拉丁语probare,检验，试探，词源同prove,probe.引申词义试用期，见习期等。
试验,检定(prob+ation→测试→试验)[prob,prov=test表示"测试,证明"]
US [proʊ-] noun uncountable
■a period of time when a criminal must behave well and not commit any more crimes in order to avoid being sent to prison 缓刑
• He was fined and given two years' probation. 他被处以罚金和两年缓刑。
• The judge put him on probation for two years. 法官判他缓刑两年。
• He served a year in prison and was then let out on probation. 他在监狱里服了一年刑，然后被处以缓刑。
■a period of time at the start of a new job when you are watched and tested to see if you are suitable for the job （员工的）试用期
• a period of probation 试用期
■US
■a period of time in which a student who has behaved badly must improve their work or behaviour in order to stay in a school （学生的）试读期
• Gene's on probation this semester. 本学期是吉恩的试读期。
n. [劳经] 试用；缓刑；查验
 - suspended sentence, try-on

Word: marconi

Word: omen
Front: omen
[ˈəʊmən] (雅 14093/11563 -1)
Vocabulary: omen
(once / 357 pages)
nv
An omen is an event or happening that you take as sign of something to come. It’s believed to be a bad omen if a black cat crosses your path or if it rains on your wedding day.
Omens generally get a bad rap — that's probably because a lot of them predict bad stuff, at least according to superstition. But the interpretation of omens really depends on the country and culture. What's considered an ominous sign in one place might mean a lifetime of good luck somewhere else. Oscar Wilde once wrote that, “There is no such thing as an omen. Destiny does not send us heralds. She is too wise or too cruel for that.”
WORD FAMILY
omen: omened, omening, omens, ominous +/omened: ill-omened/ ominous: ominously
USAGE EXAMPLES
On about day 13 of Dahlin’s stay at The Residence the omens improved.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
It was an omen of the kind of night that lay ahead for the Buckeyes.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
But that might not be the worst omen for Washington.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 前兆; 征兆; 预兆; 兆头
vt. 预示; 预告; 有…的前兆
时态：omened, omening, omens
分布：预兆(53%)，征兆(31%)，预示(16%)
→来自拉丁语omen,预兆，预示，来自古拉丁语osmen,词源不详。可能来自audh,感知，看，词源同audience,aesthete.
US ['oʊ-] noun countable
■something that is considered to be a sign of how a future event will take place 预兆，征兆，兆头
• England's victory over France is a good omen for next week's match against Germany. 英格兰队战胜了法国队，这对下星期和德国队的比赛来说是个好兆头。
• a bad omen 坏兆头
• Many people believe that a broken mirror is an omen of bad luck. 许多人相信打碎镜子是噩运之兆。
n. 预兆；征兆
 - warning, symptom
vt. 预示；有…的前兆；预告
 - indicate, forecast, shadow, announce

Word: slay
Front: slay
[sleɪ] (宝 11472/12433 -1)
Vocabulary: slay
(once / 399 pages)
v
Slay means to kill in a violent way. It has a mythic quality. You might slay the red knight. You might slay the dragon. You might slay the demon. But you probably wouldn't slay an annoying mosquito.
Slay is an old word associated with knights and dragons. Like many old words it has some funky forms. When you killed someone or something in the past you say slew, as in "St. George slew the dragon." When you've already done it, you say you have slain.
WORD FAMILY
slay: slayed, slayer, slaying, slays+/slayer: slayers/slaying: slayings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The country suffered bombings, slayings and kidnappings during a period of domestic terrorism in the 1970s and early 1980s.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Slay returned to the lineup after missing a game with a hamstring injury.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The department said in a news release that the first slaying occurred late Friday in Capitol Heights.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 残杀; [俚]被笑或爱淹没
时态：slew, slain, slaying, slays
分布：杀害(75%)，残杀(25%)
→来自古英语 slean,杀，屠宰，来自 Proto-Germanic*slog,击，砍，来自 slak,击，砍，可能 来自 skel,砍，劈，切，词源同 scale,shale,shell.
【记】s死后lay躺下，因为被残杀。
(slew or slayed, slain)
verb transitive UK old use or literary
■to kill in a violent way （以暴力）杀死；残杀
• St George slew the dragon. 圣乔治杀死了那条龙。
■(used especially in newspapers) to murder someone （尤用于报纸新闻报道）谋杀，杀害
• He was found slain in an alley two blocks from his apartment. 人们发现他在距其公寓两个街区的一条小巷里被杀害了。
vt. 杀害，杀死；使禁不住大笑
 - kill, strike down
vi. 杀死，杀害；残杀
 - kill, strike down

Word: sock
Front: sock
[sɒk] (高研四六宝 4277/5063 -K2)
Back: n. 短袜; （尤指用拳头）猛击，重击
vt. 重击; 给…穿袜
时态：socked, socking, socks
分布：短袜(100%)
→来自古英语 socc,拖鞋，便鞋，来自拉丁语 soccus,拖鞋，特指一种古罗马时期喜剧演员穿的 滑稽的毛织的低根鞋。后引申词义短袜，原词义不再使用。动词词义猛击，重击可能来自其 比喻义，即把别人的袜子都打落。
n.(pl.)短袜The mocker knocked the stock with the knots on the stocking and sock.嘲笑者用长袜和短裤上的结鼓打存货.
【记】你用sock熏他，他就会sock你！
US [sɑ:k] noun
CLOTHES 衣物
 IMPROVER countable (plural socks or US ALSO sox)
■a piece of clothing made from soft material which covers your foot and lower part of the leg 短袜，袜子
• a pair of socks 一双短袜
• nylon/woollen/cotton socks 尼龙／羊毛／纯棉短袜
• thermal socks 保暖袜
• ankle/knee socks 及脚踝／膝的短袜
• Put on your shoes and socks. 穿上鞋袜。
• The little boy was wearing odd/ US usuallymismatched socks (= socks of different colours). 小男孩穿着两只不成对的袜子。
UK [sɒk] US [sɑ:k] noun
HIT 击
countable usually singular old-fashioned slang
■a powerful hit 重重的一击
• a sock on the jaw 下巴挨的重重一拳
UK [sɒk] US [sɑ:k] noun
blow/knock your socks off informal
■If something knocks your socks off, you find it extremely exciting or good 令人惊奇；令人刮目相看（如果某物“打落你的袜子”，表示你发现它令人极端兴奋或极好）
• I'm going to take you to a restaurant that'll knock your socks off. 我要带你去看一家餐厅去，你准会大吃一惊。
UK [sɒk] US [sɑ:k] noun
Put a sock in it! informal humorous
■used to tell someone to be quiet or stop making so much noise 别出声！住嘴！
• Hey, put a sock in it, will you? I'm trying to work here. 嘿，别出声，好吗？我正在这里工作呢。
UK [sɒk] US [sɑ:k] verb transitive old-fashioned slang
■to hit someone with your fist (= closed hand) （用拳头）打，击
• He socked the policeman on the jaw/ in the eye. 他对着员警的下巴／眼睛就是一拳。
■US
■in baseball, to hit a ball very powerfully （棒球运动中）猛击，狠打（球）
UK [sɒk] US [sɑ:k] verb transitive
get socked with sth mainly US
■to suddenly receive a lot of something which causes you problems 碰上一堆（麻烦事）
• If you don't pay your credit card bill on time, you'll get socked with a huge late fee. 如果你不按时支付信用卡账单，你就要缴纳一大笔滞纳金。
UK [sɒk] US [sɑ:k] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] sock sth away US informal
■to save money by putting it in a bank or by investing it (= giving it to companies hoping to get more back) （透过将钱存银行或投资）存（钱），储蓄
• He's socked away hundreds of dollars in a savings account. 他在储蓄帐户中存了几百美元。
n. [服装] 短袜；一击
 - bobbysocks, anklet
vt. 重击；给……穿袜
 - pound on, gang bang
adv. 正着地；不偏不倚地
 - smack-dab

Word: rowdy
Front: rowdy
[ˈraʊdi] (宝 14674/18787 -1)
Vocabulary: rowdy
(once / 3348 pages)
adjn
If you’re rowdy, you’re loud and raucous. You’re disturbing the peace and somebody’s likely to ask you to quiet down.
When your team wins, if you and your teammates celebrate by running through the streets screaming and wrestling each other on people’s lawns, you’re a rowdy bunch. You may be rough and obnoxious or just rowdy in a good-natured way. But you reserve the name rowdy for a cruel and brutal guy. Remember that bully in the seventh grade who kept taking your lunch money? He was a rowdy.
WORD FAMILY
rowdy: rowdier, rowdies, rowdiest, rowdily, rowdiness, rowdyism+/rowdyism: rowdyisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
For a moment, the rowdy Alabamians filling the Georgia Dome sat in dazed quiet.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Mr. Hulseman preferred that his cups be used at family outings, not at rowdy, boozy blowouts.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Rowdy bars with beer pong games exist alongside hordes of strollers.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 吵闹的; 粗暴的
n. 凶暴的人; 无赖
级别：rowdier, rowdiest
分布：吵闹的(50%)，粗暴的(50%)
【记】row（v 划船），dy低－他把船越划越低－需要和他粗暴争吵
['raʊ.di] disapproving
adjective
■noisy and possibly violent 吵闹的；混乱的；粗暴的
• a rowdy party 吵闹的派对
• rowdy behaviour 粗暴的行为
adj. 吵闹的；粗暴的
 - tumultuous, clamorous
n. 粗暴的人；好吵闹的人
 - roughneck, churl

Word: saturate
Front: saturate
[ˈsætʃəreɪt] (研六托雅宝 11157/13741 -1)
Vocabulary: saturate
(once / 1183 pages)
v
The verb saturate means to cause something to be fully soaked to the point where it can't take on anything else. A heavy rainstorm can saturate the ground, leaving puddles on the lawn because no more water can be absorbed.
The word saturate comes from the Latin word saturatus, meaning "to fill full, sate, drench." Saturate is often used to describe the aftermath of a big rainstorm, but other things can be saturated as well. If you're a workaholic, you might saturate all your free time with work, leaving no time to spend with your family. In chemistry, saturate describes causing one substance, like a solution, to take on the greatest amount of another substance.
WORD FAMILY
saturate: saturated, saturates, saturating, saturation +/ saturated: saturatedly, supersaturated, unsaturated/ saturation: saturations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The business was much smaller and wasn’t as saturated, not as fast as it is now.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Taubes considers sugar to be a worse evil when compared to the effects of a sedentary lifestyle and saturated fat.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Why are they starting to saturate the market, and what do they mean for the future of television?
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 浸湿，浸透; 使充满; [化]使饱和; 使渗进，使湿透
adj. 浸透的，渗透的; 饱和的; 颜色浓[深]的
时态：saturated, saturating, saturates
分布：使饱和(28%)，使充满(22%)，使浸透(15%)，饱和的(13%)，浸透的(11%)，深颜色的(11%)
→来自拉丁语 saturare,装满，浸透，来自 satur,满的，来自 sa,使充满，词源同 satiate,satisfy. 引申词义使饱和。
使饱和(satur+ate→使足够→饱和)[sati,satis,satur=enough,fulloffood,表示"足够,饱足"]
vt.使湿透,浸透;使充满,使饱和We were caught in the rain and came home saturated.我们挨了雨淋, 回家时已浑身湿透.
【记】satur＝sate满足，ate－使水满足－浸透
【反】dehydrate（v 使脱水）－saturate with water（使充满水）
US [-jʊr.eɪt]
MAKE WET 弄湿
transitive often passive
■to make something or someone completely wet 使湿透；浸透；渗透
• The grass had been saturated by overnight rain. 一夜的雨把草地淋透了。
• He had cut his leg badly, and his trousers were saturated with/in blood. 他划破了腿，伤势严重，裤子都被血浸透了。
verb UK [ˈsæt.jʊ.reɪt] US [-jʊr.eɪt]
FILL 充满
transitive
■to fill a thing or place completely so that no more can be added 使充满；使饱和
• The police saturated (= A large number of police officers were sent into) the area in an attempt to find the missing child. 大批员警被派往该地区寻找失踪的孩童。
saturate the market
■to provide too much of a product so that there is more of this product available than there are people who want to buy it 使市场饱和
• Since the US market has now been saturated, drug dealers are looking to Europe. 由于美国的市场现在已经饱和，毒贩们开始转向欧洲。
noun countable usually plural uncountable UK [ˈsæt.jʊ.rət] US [-jʊr-/
■a saturated fat Compare polyunsaturate
vt. 浸透，使湿透；使饱和，使充满
 - freight, water logging
adj. 浸透的，饱和的；深颜色的
 - permeant, satd

Word: satirical
Front: satirical
[səˈtɪrɪkl] (托 16899/14869 -1)
Vocabulary: satirical
(once / 1625 pages)
adj
If you know the movie you are about to see is satirical, you expect it to make fun some aspect of human nature or even our society, like a satirical take on the glamorous world of fashion that portrays all the designers as celebrity-obsessed and unconcerned with true artistry.
Satirical is an adjective that describes satire, a work that is intended to ridicule the shortcomings and antics of a person or group. So, something that is satirical often looks like the real thing in order to make fun of it. For example, a sketch on a comedy show in which a comedian sits behind a news anchor desk and uses a serious tone to "report" on absurd events that really happened takes a satirical approach to both the events and the concept of broadcast journalism.
WORD FAMILY
satirical: satirically+/ satire: satires, satiric, satirical, satirise, satirist, satirize /satirise: satirised, satirises, satirising/satirist: satirists/ satirize: satirized, satirizes, satirizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
French satirical and investigative weekly Le Canard Enchaine last week published excerpts of what it said was a letter by U.S.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“On Christmas Eve, I sent a satirical tweet about an imaginary concept, ‘white genocide,'” he told the newspaper.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
Ciccariello-Maher tells The Associated Press by email Monday that the Christmas Eve tweet was meant to be satirical.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 含讽刺意味的，嘲讽的
分布：讽刺的(79%)，爱挖苦的(21%)
→satire,讽刺，讥讽，-ical,形容词后缀。
ADJ-GRADED
(画作、文章、喜剧)讽刺的，讥讽的
A satirical drawing, piece of writing, or comedy show is one in which humour or exaggeration is used to criticize something.
例：...a satirical novel about London life in the late 80s.讽刺 80 年代末伦敦生活的一部小说
adj. 讽刺性的；讥讽的；爱挖苦人的
 - acid-tongued, quirkish

Word: transcript
Front: transcript
[ˈtrænskrɪpt] (托雅 6204/9006 -2)
Vocabulary: transcript
(once / 1920 pages)
n
A transcript is a written record of something. You could read a transcript of a speech or a transcript of all the classes a student has attended at a school (yawn).
The word script in transcript is a clue that this word means something written. One type of transcript is a record of something spoken, such as a transcript of testimony given in court. Newspapers will often publish transcripts of major speeches by the President. Also, a transcript is a type of record, especially from a school. When applying for jobs, you might need to ask your college to send a transcript: an official record of your classes and grades.
WORD FAMILY
transcript: transcripts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Roof also was adamant that a transcript of a hearing where he was found mentally competent not be released to the public.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Roof also was adamant that a transcript of a hearing where he was found mentally competent not be released to the public.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Here’s the transcript provided by the Peach Bowl:
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 抄本; 誊本; 打印本; 学生成绩报告单
分布：成绩单(53%)，副本(17%)，抄本(16%)，笔录(7%)，誊本(7%)
→transcribe,记录，抄录，-pt,过去分词格。此处形容词作名语使用。
副本,抄本(誊写的抄本)[scrib,script=write,表示"写"]
noun countable
■an exact written copy of something 文字记录；抄本，文字本
• Mysteriously, the transcript of what was said at the trial went missing. 审判时的文字记录神秘失踪。
n. 成绩单；抄本，副本；文字记录
 - report, repeat

Word: archaic
Front: archaic
[ɑ:ˈkeɪɪk] (托雅 13117/10219 -1)
Vocabulary: archaic
(once / 2264 pages)
adj
If you use the adjective archaic you are referring to something outmoded, belonging to an earlier period. Rotary phones and cassette players already seem so archaic!
The adjective archaic means something that belongs to an earlier or antiquated time. It can also mean something that is outdated but can still be found in the present and therefore could seem out of place. The word comes from archaic (i.e., ancient) Greek, archaikos, and literally means "from Classical Greek culture," though its meaning has broadened as it's been used in English.
WORD FAMILY
archaic: archaically, archaicism, archaise, archaism, archaize+/archaicism: archaicisms/archaise: archaising/archaism: archaisms, archaistic/archaize: archaized, archaizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
In another bout of this archaic ritual, Russia closing Moscow’s Anglo-American school and expelling a batch of Americans from Moscow.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
They are rooted in archaic chants, hymns, and chorales.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
I was too young to appreciate much of it, and struggled with the archaic language.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 古代的; 过时的，陈旧的; 古体的; 古色古香的
分布：古老的(75%)，古代的(21%)，已不通用的(4%)
【反】current（adj 当前的，流通的）
US [ɑ:r-] adjective
■of or belonging to the distant past (= a long time ago) ; from an ancient period in history 古老的，古代的；原始的
• an archaic system of government 古老的政体
• an archaic law/rule/language 古代法律／法规／语言
adj. [语] [生物] 古代的；陈旧的；古体的；古色古香的
 - ancient, old

Word: tat
Front: tat
[tæt] (-/16855)
Back: v. 梭编，梭织
n. 粗麻布，轻击
时态：tatted, tatting, tats
分布：梭织(44%)，用梭织法编织(28%)，转移活化基因(28%)
→可能回构自 tatty,劣质的。
[tæt] informal
noun uncountable
■anything which looks cheap, is of low quality or in bad condition 劣质品；破烂的东西
• Like most souvenir shops, it sells a lot of old tat. 就像大多数纪念品商店一样，这家也卖许多廉价的破旧玩意。
vt. 梭织，梭编
 - tatt

Word: atlas
Front: atlas
[ˈætləs] (雅 15805/12003 -1)
Vocabulary: atlas
(once / 12024 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Can’t remember which countries border Uzbekistan? Consult an atlas, a book of maps, and you’ll find the information you need.
An atlas gets its name from the Greek god Atlas, who, according to myth, was forced to bear the weight of the heavens on his shoulders. You might feel like Atlas if you have to carry one of these books around. Atlases are usually large, oversized books that contain maps, diagrams, and information such as population figures. Traditionally, atlas refers specifically to a bound book of maps rather than to a folding map, a globe, or an online database.
WORD FAMILY
atlas: atlases
USAGE EXAMPLES
The beautiful and otherworldly development of the human embryo has been revealed in unprecedented detail in an interactive three-dimensional atlas.
The Guardian(Nov 24, 2016)
This “atlas of the underworld,” as they call it, holds the ghosts of past geography.
Science Magazine(Nov 22, 2016)
The atlas is free and can be found nearly everywhere licenses are sold.
Washington Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 地图集; 〈比喻〉身负重担的人
分布：地图集(97%)，背负重物的人.(3%)
→泰坦巨人Atlas，与宙斯争位战败，被罚手撑天柱，因出现在早期的地图册上而得名。词源同词根tol, 举起，见extol, 抬举，赞美。
【源】来自希腊神话人物Atlas“阿特拉斯”－擎天神，他是被宙斯降罪用双肩支撑苍天的一个擎天神。在这段时间中，他画了很多地图，并装订成册－地图集
【记】at在，las读：拉萨。在拉萨有很多好地方:布达拉宫、大昭寺、八角街、哲蚌寺、色拉寺、小昭寺、尼姑庵、神湖、班戈湖、狮泉河镇、古格王国遗址、神山圣湖、雅鲁藏布江的源头、扎什伦布寺、白居寺、抗英遗址、羊卓雍湖、昌珠寺、藏王墓、桑耶寺。提问：去拉萨带什么？回答：地图集。At las＝last：在字典的最后一篇就是地图！
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a book containing maps 地图集，地图册
• a road atlas 道路交通图册
• an atlas of the world 世界地图册
■a book containing maps showing where particular things are made, found, etc. 图表册
• a wine atlas 葡萄酒分布图册
• an atlas of British plants 英国植物分布图册

Word: boyfriend
Front: boyfriend
[ˈbɔɪfrend] (3378/4827 -K2)
Vocabulary: boyfriend
(once / 3675 pages)
n
A boyfriend is a male romantic partner. Your cousin might ask if she can bring her boyfriend to the family Thanksgiving dinner this year.
Usually, your boyfriend is a boy or man you're romantically involved with. Your aunt might join a dating site after breaking up with her boyfriend, and your ten year old neighbor might announce she has a boyfriend after a boy leaves a candy bar on her desk. The words boyfriend and girlfriend first appeared in the early 1900s, around the start of modern dating in the US.
WORD FAMILY
boyfriend: boyfriends, ex-boyfriend+/ex-boyfriend: ex-boyfriends
USAGE EXAMPLES
Baby Peter Connelly died in 2007 after months of abuse at the hands of his mother, her boyfriend and his brother.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Even the scene where the family is in the living room, listening to the bedsprings rattle while the 18-year-old sister is upstairs with her boyfriend?
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
She talked at length about how much she liked her daughter’s new boyfriend and how proud she was of her.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 男朋友; 情郎
分布：男朋友(100%)
noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■a man or boy who a person is having a romantic or sexual relationship with 男朋友；（男性）情人
• He's not my boyfriend - we're just good friends! 他不是我的男友——我们只是好朋友！
• Cathy's ex- boyfriend was a really nice guy. 凯茜的前任男友是个非常好的小伙子。
Compare girlfriend
n. 男朋友，情郎
 - swain, inamorato

Word: blasphemy
Front: blasphemy
[ˈblæsfəmi] (宝 19070/15818 -1)
Vocabulary: blasphemy
(once / 1043 pages)
n
Saying offensive things about God or religion is blasphemy. Blasphemy can be used for offensive ideas in other areas too.
If you're saying something bad about a god, or taking the Lord's name in vain, or questioning a religious institution in any way, you could be accused of blasphemy — insulting something sacred. You can use this word in a lot of other ways too. At a meeting of conservatives, a liberal idea could be considered blasphemy (and vice versa). You might even jokingly cry "Blasphemy!" if a friend said your favorite ice cream flavor stinks.
WORD FAMILY
blasphemy: blasphemies, blasphemous +/ blasphemous: blasphemously
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It felt like blasphemy to put a camera in his face,” he told the Chronicle Magazine at the Lewis & Clark private university.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr. Basuki denies accusations of blasphemy stemming from his citation of a Quranic verse during a public address in September.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 25, 2016)
If Asia Bibi's appeal is rejected by the Supreme Court, she will become the first woman in Pakistan to be executed for blasphemy.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 对上帝的亵渎，亵渎的言词[行为]; 侮慢的言词（或行为）
分布：亵渎神明(79%)，亵渎神明的言词(21%)
亵渎神灵(blas+phemy神的显示)[blas=bamage(毁坏)]
亵渎(blas坏+phem+y-讲坏话)[phem=speech(讲话)]
【记】1）blas＝blame责备，phem出现－出现责备－亵渎2）blas＝blast（毁灭），phemy读：佛弥。毁灭佛爷－亵渎
【参】blasphemous（adj 亵渎神明的）；phenomenon（n 现象；奇迹）
noun countable or uncountable
■something which you say or do that shows you do not respect God or a religion （对上帝或宗教的）亵渎；亵渎的言行；侮慢的言行
• to be accused of blasphemy 被谴责亵渎上帝
• figurative humorous Elvis Presley fans think that any criticism of him is blasphemy. 猫王普里斯莱的歌迷们认为对他的任何批评都是对他的不敬。

Word: chernobyl

Word: den
Front: den
[den] (托宝 6303/9595 -1)
Vocabulary: den
(once / 295 pages)
n
Where’s the one place that bears go to hibernate and you go to watch the big game? It’s the den, a secluded room or shelter.
Den is an Old English word meaning “shelter for a wild animal.” While we still use it in this sense, the word has taken on some additional meanings. For example, den can refer to a room that's used primarily for relaxing, watching television, and socializing with friends. (If your friends tend to act wild at times, then perhaps this definition isn’t so far off from the original one.) Den can also mean "a hideout for criminals."
WORD FAMILY
den: denned, denning, dens
USAGE EXAMPLES
The school calls the gym the Lions’ Den, but many visitors call it the Dungeon and liken playing there to playing hockey inside a box.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
More than 20 business career-technical education students are opening their own school store - The Tiger’s Den.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
We gathered, as we always do, on Christmas morning, near the big wine stain in the den.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 兽穴; 贼窝; 简陋污秽的小室; 书斋
vi. 穴居; 藏到洞里; 进窝（冬眠）; 把…赶入洞中
分布：兽穴(70%)，穴居(23%)，集聚地(7%)
→来自dan, 低地，词源同Dane. 引申词义兽穴。
noun countable
FOR ANIMALS 动物的
■the home of particular types of wild animal （动物的）巢穴，窝
[den] noun countable
FOR CHILDREN 孩子的
■a rough structure, usually built outside from pieces of wood, cardboard, etc., in which children play （供孩子玩耍用的）简易房，简易棚
[den] noun countable
ROOM 室 mainly US a room in a house or apartment, which is used for activities not involving work 活动室，休闲室
• The kids are watching television in the den. 孩子们正在活动室里看电视。
[den] noun countable
CRIME 罪行
■a place where people secretly plan or take part in dishonest or illegal activities （从事秘密非法活动的）巢穴，老窝
• a drug/drinking/vice den 毒品／酗酒／犯罪巢穴
• often humorous a den of thieves/iniquity 贼窝／魔窟
n. 贼窝，私室；兽穴，窝巢；小房间
 - sanctum, little room

Word: camouflage
Front: camouflage
[ˈkæməflɑ:ʒ] (托宝 12127/14697 -1)
Vocabulary: camouflage
(once / 4263 pages)
nv
To camouflage is to disguise, and a camouflage is that which disguises — like the leaf-colored and patterned uniforms worn by soldiers who want to blend in with their natural surroundings.
Camouflage evolved from the French camoufler, which was slang for “to disguise.” Camoufler itself most likely comes from camouflet, meaning “puff of smoke” — a puff of smoke that makes it hard to see things. Camouflaged clothing certainly hides hunters from their prey, but the word can also be used in a more figurative sense, as in camouflaging criticism by veiling it as a backhanded compliment.
WORD FAMILY
camouflage: camouflaged, camouflages, camouflaging
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Istanbul, 17,000 police officers were on duty, some camouflaged as street vendors.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
He refinishes furniture, camouflages electrical panels and even deals with graffiti, such as it is.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He also posted a picture of a man in camouflage holding a scoped sniper rifle.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 伪装; 掩饰; 〈喻〉幌子
vt. & vi. 伪装; 掩饰; 欺瞒
时态：camouflaged, camouflaging, camouflages
分布：伪装(77%)，迷彩服(12%)，掩饰(10%)，欺瞒(1%)
→词源不详。可能来自短语capo muffare, 盖住头。
【记】camou＝camera（n 照相机）掩饰的象照片一样。
noun
uncountable
■the use of leaves, branches, paints and clothes for hiding soldiers or military equipment so that they look part of what surrounds them （军事）掩护，隐蔽，伪装
• a camouflage jacket 迷彩夹克衫
[S or U]
■the way that the colour or shape of an animal or plant appears to mix with its natural environment to prevent it from being seen by attackers （动植物的）保护色，保护形状
• The lizard's light brown skin acts as (a) camouflage in the desert sand. 蜥蜴浅棕色的皮肤充当它在沙漠里的保护色。
[S or U]
■something that is meant to hide something, or behaviour that is intended to hide the truth 掩饰；伪装；隐瞒
• Using smoke as (a) camouflage, the army advanced up the hill. 军队利用烟雾作掩护向山上挺进。
• He believed that her kindness was merely a camouflage for her real intentions. 他认为她的好心不过是为了掩饰她的真实意图。
n. [军] 伪装，掩饰
 - blind, mask
vt. [军] 伪装，掩饰
 - wrap up, mask

Word: depiction
Front: depiction
[dɪ'pɪkʃn] (7680/15842)
Vocabulary: depiction
(once / 7928 pages)
n
A depiction is a true representation of something, like the depiction of life as a Jewish teenager in hiding during World War II in Anne Frank's "The Diary of a Young Girl."
The word depiction comes from the Latin word for "painting or description," depictionem. If a portrait really looks like you, it's a good depiction — the painter or photographer has done a great job. Another way to give a depiction of an experience is to tell or write about it in so much detail that it's like your audience is really there. Actors who portray real people work hard to make their depictions as true as they can.
WORD FAMILY
depiction: depictions+/ depict: depicted, depicting, depiction, depictive, depicts
USAGE EXAMPLES
"The key issues, I think, are not only a range of skin colour differences but accurate depictions of physical features," she said.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Another bizarre one in the final days of the campaign was a depiction of how President Obama treated a protester at a Clinton campaign rally:
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
“I always think it’s odd if anybody equates the depiction of a city via an artistic lens with the actual city,” Brownstein said.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 描写，叙述
分布：描述(94%)，描画(6%)
noun countable or uncountable
■the way that something is represented or shown 描绘，描述，描写
• The painter's depictions of the horror of war won her a worldwide reputation. 这位画家对战事恐怖的描绘，使她蜚声国际。
• I disapprove of the depiction of violence on television. 我反对在电视节目中描写暴力。
n. 描写，叙述
 - description, relation, statement, telling, narrative

Word: dissenter
Front: dissenter
[dɪˈsentə(r)] (托 15480/16000)
Back: n. 持异议者，持不同意见者
分布：持异议者(100%)
US [-tˌɚ] slightly formal
noun countable
■someone who dissents 持异议者，持不同意见者
n. 持异议者；反对者
 - anti, opponent

Word: denomination
Front: denomination
[dɪˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃn] (托雅宝 8503/10359 -1)
Vocabulary: denomination
(once / 934 pages)
n
A denomination is a way of classifying things — it names the type or value of something. Denomination often refers to money. For example, $20 bills are of the same denomination.
When denomination is applied to money, you’ll often hear the terms “lower denomination” or “higher denomination.” If you hand the cashier a $50 bill to pay for your latte, she might ask if you have a bill in a lower denomination — she’s asking for a smaller bill, like a $5 or a $10. Denomination can apply to other things that are categorized by type, such as playing cards or groups within the same religious tradition.
WORD FAMILY
denomination: denominational, denominations+/denominate: denominated, denominates, denominating, denomination /denominational: denominationalism, denominationally, interdenominational, nondenominational, undenominational/interdenominational: interdenominationally/ nominate: denominate, nominated, nominates, nominating, nomination, nominative, nominator/nomination: nominations/nominative: nominatively, nominatives/nominator: nominators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The government says it will distribute new bills in larger denominations.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Nor is the promised 20,000-bolivar denomination, which is slated to become the new, largest bill.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
The unrest began on Friday following this week's surprise pulling from circulation of Venezuela's largest denomination note, 100 bolivars, before replacement bills were available.
Reuters(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 宗派; 教派; 面额; <正>名称
分布：教派(44%)，面额(36%)，名称(20%)
→de-, 向下，强调。-nom, 命名，词源同name. 即命名，同宗教名，教派。
命名;(货币)单位(denominate+ion)[nomin=name,表示"名称,名字"]
US [-ˌnɑ:.mə-] noun
RELIGIOUS GROUP 宗教团体
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a religious group which has slightly different beliefs from other groups which share the same religion （某种宗教的）分支，派别
• Protestantism and Roman Catholicism are both denominations of the Christian faith. 新教和天主教都是基督教的分支。
UK [dɪˌnɒm.ɪ'neɪ.ʃən] US [-ˌnɑ:.mə-] noun
VALUE 价值
countable
■a unit of value, especially of money （尤指钱的）面值，面额
• It always takes time to get used to the different denominations of coins when you go to a foreign country. 到了外国，总要花些时间去熟悉不同面额的硬币。
n. [金融] 面额；名称；教派
 - name, church

Word: gorilla
Front: gorilla
[gəˈrɪlə] (六托宝 9367/14619 -1)
Vocabulary: gorilla
(once / 3118 pages)
n
A gorilla is the world's largest primate — the kind of great, powerful ape you might see on an African safari.
The stocky, large-headed gorilla is one of the most impressive animals you'll come across in the primate area of a zoo. Gorillas are vegetarians whose native habitat is the forest of central west Africa. The word gorilla is sometimes also used to refer to a big, aggressive man. It was first coined in the 19th century by a United States missionary to Africa, from the Greek word gorillai — the word Carthaginian explorer Hanno used to mean "wild, hairy people" in 500 B.C.E.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
gorilla / guerrilla
You might see a gorilla in a zoo, but a guerrilla (sometimes spelled with one "r"), is someone who belongs to a group of independent fighters. If you remember your high school Spanish, you'll know the difference.
A gorilla is a type of large African ape. Sure they fight, but that's not why they're called gorillas. When they show up in the news, they're usually just monkeying around:
This short clip of a Silverback gorilla in Kent walking upright on his hind legs, like a human, has become an internet sensation. (BBC)
Anaklet says we're going to surprise some gorillas eating breakfast. (Time)
A guerrilla, on the other hand, is a fighter who's a part of a rebellious group that's battling a government or other authority, and likes to raid and ambush. The word has picked up a casual meaning of describing anything that's meant to take you by surprise. Here are some examples:
Al-Shabab had spoken of a switch to guerilla warfare, which could mean more suicide bombings as well as grenade attacks and land mines, he says. (BBC)
Guerrilla Marketing is a phrase coined by Jay Conrad Levinson as a take-no-prisoners way of marketing. (Guerrilla Marketing)
So how will knowing your high school Spanish help you keep them straight? Guerrilla comes from the Spanish word for a war made up of skirmishes. That guerilla is related to guerra for (you guessed it), war. If you remember that guerra is war and guerrilla is little war, you'll remember that in English, independent fighters are guerrillas, no matter how hairy they are.
WORD FAMILY
gorilla: gorillas
USAGE EXAMPLES
His was the face which launched a thousand memes - so why did Harambe the gorilla capture 2016's collective online psyche?
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Which, there’s no denying it, sounds like “gorilla”.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Over half a million people signed an online petition titled “Justice for Harambe,” the gorilla killed by the Cincinnati Zoo in May.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 大猩猩; <口>暴徒，打手
分布：大猩猩(100%)
→来自非洲土著语。
【记】源于希腊语Gorillai 多毛女人的部落看成go ill啦：总是和大猩猩在一起就会go ill（AIDS）gor污物－大猩猩很脏，身上还有病ill
noun countable
■a large ape that comes from western Africa 大猩猩

Word: experimentation
Front: experimentation
[ɪkˌsperɪmenˈteɪʃn] (六 8997/10133)
Back: n. 实验，试验; 实验法
分布：实验(61%)，试验(39%)
noun uncountable
■the process of trying methods, activities, etc. to discover what effect they have 实验；试验
• Children need the opportunity for experimentation. 孩子们需要机会去尝试。
• Extensive experimentation is needed before new drugs can be sold. 药物在销售之前需进行广泛试验。
• Experimentation with illegal drugs is dangerous. 用禁药做实验是危险的。
n. [试验] 实验；试验；实验法；实验过程
 - proof, try

Word: extol
Front: extol
[ɪkˈstəʊl] (托宝 14621/14464 -1)
Vocabulary: extol
(once / 1676 pages)
v
If you have a crush on a guy who likes your best friend, it can be very depressing to listen to him extol your friend's virtues, while you just nod and smile. If you extol something, you praise it very highly.
The Bible says: "Now I, Nebuchadnezzar, praise and extol and honor the King of heaven..." Nebuchadnezzar II was king of the second Babylonian Empire, the one who sent the Jews into exile. In some translations of the Bible, the word honor is replaced with glorify. Praise, extol, honor, glorify all mean about the same. The Bible often uses five words when one would be enough.
WORD FAMILY
extol: extoling, extolled, extoller, extolling, extolment, extols+/extoller: extollers/extolment: extolments
USAGE EXAMPLES
She extolled the beautiful, salt-extracting mangroves we saw on the way.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Permission is granted for chocolates that proclaim high cocoa content and “premium” ingredients, often extolling organic and fair-trade origins.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
Those were among the nine states where election administrators extolled the social network in official statements.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
Back: vt. 高度赞扬，赞美; 颂扬，赞颂; 吹捧
时态：extolled, extolling, extols
分布：颂扬(71%)，称赞(29%)
→ex-, 向外。-tol, 承受，举起，词源同tolerate.
【记】ex出，tol举－把人举出来－赞美＝exalt
【反】lambaste（v 严厉指责）；pan（v 严厉批评）；censure（v /n 责难）；deprecate（v 轻视；抗议）；excoriate（v 批判）；vilify（vt 诽谤）disparage（v 藐视；贬损）；condemn（v 判刑；谴责）；impugn（v 打击）；detract（v 转移；贬低）；malign（v 诽谤）
US [-'stoʊl] (-ll-) formal
verb transitive
■to praise something or someone very much 赞扬；赞颂；赞美
• His book extolling the benefits of vegetarianism sold thousands of copies. 他那本宣扬素食益处的书卖出了好几千本。
• She is forever extolling the virtues of her children. 她经常夸耀自己小孩的优点。
vt. 颂扬；赞美；赞颂
 - praise, celebrate, credit, bless

Word: harlem
Front: harlem
[ˈhɑ:ləm] (-/21456)
Back: n. （纽约的）黑人住宅区
分布：哈莱姆区(56%)，黑人住宅区(44%)

Word: gratitude
Front: gratitude
[ˈgrætɪtju:d] (研四六托雅宝 7058/6369 -1)
Vocabulary: gratitude
(once / 183 pages)
n
Gratitude means thanks and appreciation. It's the warm feeling you get when you remember the person who told you to drop your 1980s hairstyle and get with the new millennium already.
Though they both recognize the instrumental roles others have played in our lives, gratitude is different from indebtedness. Gratitude, which rhymes with "attitude," comes from the Latin word gratus, which means "thankful, pleasing." When you feel gratitude, you're pleased by what someone did for you and also pleased by the results. Unlike indebtedness, you're not anxious about having to pay it back. But it's still great to tell the recipient of your gratitude how much they mean to you.
WORD FAMILY
gratitude: gratitudes, ingratitude+/ingratitude: ingratitudes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Convention suggests that the most normal and appropriate response from me would be a display of gratitude, but I wasn’t thankful.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
So it is with great gratitude that we assembled our list of top stories for 2016, all of which you helped us create.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Netanyahu, in turn, promptly tweeted his gratitude: “President-elect Trump, thank you for your warm friendship and your clear-cut support for Israel!”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 感激，感谢; 感激的样子; 谢意; 恩义
分布：感激(53%)，感谢(29%)，感恩(18%)
→来自词根grat, 感谢，词源同grace, gratitude.
感激,感恩(grat+itude状态)[grat,gree=pleasing,表示"感激,高兴"]
n.感激,感谢With gratitude he congratulated me on the celebration.他怀着感激向我祝贺庆典.
US ['grætˌ.ə.tu:d] (also gratefulness)
noun uncountable
■the feeling or quality of being grateful 感激之情；感谢
• deep/eternal gratitude 深深的感谢／感激不尽
• She sent them a present to show/express her gratitude. 她送了他们一件礼物，以表达她的感激之情。
• Take this as a token of my gratitude for all your help. 你帮了我那么多忙，这个就当是我的一点心意吧。

Word: heterosexual
Front: heterosexual
[ˌhetərəˈsekʃuəl] (7646/10486 -2)
Vocabulary: heterosexual
(once / 8497 pages)
nadj
A heterosexual person is attracted to people of the opposite sex. Boys who like girls and women who like men are heterosexual.
Being heterosexual has long been considered "normal" in our society. When you think of a married couple or parents, it's usually been a man and woman — in other words, a heterosexual couple. However, being heterosexual is only one sexual orientation. Other people are gay, or homosexual. Our culture is slowly starting to accept that heterosexuality isn't the only acceptable sexual orientation. Another word for heterosexual is straight.
WORD FAMILY
heterosexual: heterosexualism, heterosexuality, heterosexually, heterosexuals
USAGE EXAMPLES
Religious conservatives claimed that the accord incorporated a hidden pro-LGBTI agenda that would redefine sexual orientation and disenfranchise heterosexuals.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Not only the 70 million homosexual people in China, but also the millions of heterosexual women who risk ending up married to homosexual men.
BBC(Nov 26, 2016)
He also has said he would seek to limit medically assisted procreation strictly to heterosexual couples “for medical reasons.”
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 异性恋的; 异性的
n. 异性恋的人
分布：异性恋的(55%)，异性恋者(45%)
→hetero-,相异的，sex,性别。引申词义异性恋。
异性的(hetero+sexual性别的)[hetero-表示"异类,异种"]
US [ˌhetˌ.ə.roʊ-] noun countable (informal hetero)
■a person who is sexually attracted to people of the opposite sex 异性恋者 Compare bisexual ; homosexual

Word: juror
Front: juror
[ˈdʒʊərə(r)] (4070/16094 -1)
Vocabulary: juror
(once / 1517 pages)
n
Anyone who's a member of a jury in a court of law is called a juror. When you serve as a juror, you're part of a group that hears evidence in a trial and gives a verdict.
When someone gets called for jury duty, it's an opportunity to be a juror for a trial. A juror is typically one of twelve people who swear to make an impartial, unbiased decision based on legal evidence. The jurors must come to a unanimous agreement about their verdict after all evidence is presented, generally either "guilty" or "not guilty." The Latin root is iuratorem, or "swearer," from iurare, "to swear."
WORD FAMILY
juror: jurors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Jurors would later see a video of Roof confessing to the crime — “Well, I killed them, I guess,” he said — and offering a racist rationale.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
His two-hour confession to the FBI seemed key to jurors’ deliberation.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Smith’s trial earlier this month, jurors acquitted him on three counts of misdemeanor battery on a police officer but deadlocked on four other misdemeanor charges.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 陪审员; 审查委员; 宣誓人; 评委
分布：陪审员(100%)
→来自jury,陪审团，-or,人。即陪审的人，陪审团成员。
US ['dʒʊr.ɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a member of a jury 陪审员；陪审团成员
n. 审查委员， [法] 陪审员
 - juryman, venireman

Word: kay
Front: kay
[keɪ] (-/8958)
Back: n. K 字; 珊瑚礁
分布：字母K(100%)

Word: moses
Front: moses
['məʊzɪz] (-/8072)
Back: abbr. extremely simple meteorological observing station 简易气象观测站; Manned Open Sea Experimentation Station 人工公海实验站; movable search system 可移动搜索系统; 移动式搜索系统
分布：男子名）(50%)，摩西(姓氏(50%)

Word: picking
Front: picking
['pɪkɪŋ] (18900/18630)
Back: v. 采摘; 采( pick的现在分词 ); 摘; 啄; 叼
n. 采摘; 掘，撬开; 采得物，赃物
分布：采集(67%)，动词pick的现在分词.(33%)
VERB
挑选；选择
If you pick a particular person or thing, you choose that one.
例：Mr Nowell had picked ten people to interview for six sales jobs in London...诺埃尔先生为伦敦的6个销售职位选出了10人进行面试。
例：I had deliberately picked a city with a tropical climate.我特意选了一个热带气候的城市。
N-SING
精华；精品；精英
You can refer to the best things or people in a particular group as the pick of that group.
例：The boys here are the pick of the under-15 cricketers in the country...这儿的男孩是全国15岁以下板球手中的佼佼者。
例：We had the pick of suits from the shop.我们买了店里最好的套装。
VERB
采；摘
When you pick flowers, fruit, or leaves, you break them off the plant or tree and collect them.
例：She used to pick flowers in the Cromwell Road...她过去常到克伦威尔路采花。
例：He helps his mother pick fruit.他帮母亲摘果子。
VERB
拿取；挪移
If you pick something from a place, you remove it from there with your fingers or your hand.
例：He picked the napkin from his lap and placed it alongside his plate...他拿起腿上的餐巾，放在盘子旁边。
例：He picked the telephone off the wall bracket.他从墙上的固定托架上摘下电话。
VERB
抠（鼻）；剔（牙）
If you pick your nose or teeth, you remove substances from inside your nose or between your teeth.
例：Edgar, don't pick your nose, dear...埃德加，不要抠鼻子，宝贝儿。
例：He had just had a meal and was picking his teeth after it.他刚吃完饭，正在剔牙。
VERB
寻找…的口实；寻（衅）；找（碴儿）
If you pick a fight or quarrel with someone, you deliberately cause one.
例：He picked a fight with a waiter and landed in jail...他找碴儿跟服务生打了一架，最后进了监狱。
例：He was clearly in a mood to pick a quarrel with anybody.他现在的心情明显是逮谁就想跟谁吵。
VERB
撬开（锁）；扒窃…中的东西
If someone such as a thief picks a lock, they open it without a key, for example by using a piece of wire.
例：He picked each lock deftly, and rifled the papers within each drawer.他熟练地撬开每一把锁，把每个抽屉里的文件都偷走了。
N-COUNT
同 pickaxe
A pick is the same as a pickaxe .
PHRASE
挑挑拣拣；挑三拣四；挑剔
If you pick and choose, you carefully choose only things that you really want and reject the others.
例：As a vocational teacher I could pretty much pick and choose my work...作为一名职业教师，我几乎可以随意挑拣自己的工作。
例：We, the patients, cannot pick and choose our doctors.我们患者不能对医生挑挑拣拣。
PHRASE
可从…中任意挑选
If you have your pick of a group of things, you are able to choose any of them that you want.
例：Here is an actress who could have her pick of any part...这是一个角色任她挑选的女演员。
例：Klein could have had his pick of the world's top models.克莱恩本可以从世界顶尖模特中想选谁就选谁。
PHRASE
任意挑选
If you are told to take your pick, you can choose any one that you like from a group of things.
例：Accountants can take their pick of company cars...会计师可以任选配备的公车。
例：Take your pick from ten luxury hotels...10家豪华宾馆任你选择。
PHRASE
择路而行；小心行路
If you pick your way across an area, you walk across it very carefully in order to avoid obstacles or dangerous things.
例：The girls were afraid of snakes and picked their way along with extreme caution...女孩们害怕蛇，于是谨小慎微地择路而行。
例：I moved away from the shack and picked my way among the rubble.我离开木屋，小心地走在瓦砾间。
PHRASE
收拾残局；努力恢复正常
When you pick up the pieces after a disaster, you do what you can to get the situation back to normal again.
例：Do we try and prevent problems or do we try and pick up the pieces afterwards?...我们是想要防患未然呢，还是想要事后收拾残局？
例：She died, and somehow I never picked up the pieces and started again.她死后我竟一蹶不振，无法重新来过。
PHRASE
加速
When a vehicle picks up speed, it begins to move more quickly.
例：Brian pulled away slowly, but picked up speed.布赖恩慢慢开动汽车，但很快就加速了。
n. 采摘；掘，撬开；采得物；赃物
 - theft, booty
v. 采摘，挑选，挑惕（pike的ing形式）
 - drafting

Word: torpedo
Front: torpedo
[tɔ:ˈpi:dəʊ] (六宝 12984/23221 -1)
Vocabulary: torpedo
(once / 1006 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A torpedo is a type of missile or bomb fired underwater. To torpedo is to attack with torpedoes.
Torpedoes are cigar-shaped projectiles that are used to attack other submarines or boats. The word torpedo comes from the name of a kind of electric ray that numbs you with its sting (torpediniformes). Torpedoes can also be used to attack a target on land. When a submarine fires torpedoes, they're torpedoing the target. Torpedoes explode upon impact, and they're very powerful weapons.
WORD FAMILY
torpedo: torpedoed, torpedoes, torpedoing, torpedos
USAGE EXAMPLES
It probably wasn’t done to torpedo Clinton, though that was the result.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Navy and was posted to a nuclear submarine, he told his parents that he slept on top of a torpedo.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Then, in 1990, an EPA veto torpedoed the project at the last minute.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 鱼雷; 油井爆破筒; [鱼]电鯆; 职业杀手
vt. 用鱼雷袭击; 破坏; （在油井内）装置爆破筒; 使失去（活动能力等）
时态：torpedoed, torpedoing, torpedos
分布：鱼雷(98%)，用鱼雷破坏(1%)，破坏政策或事情等(1%)
→来自拉丁语 torpedo,电鳐，因这种鱼可以放电电晕猎物而得名，来自 torpere,使麻木，使迟钝， 词源同 torpor,torpid.后借用该拉丁词用于指大规律爆炸性炸药鱼雷，水雷。
【记】tor转，pedo：鱼雷是旋转前进的。
US [tɔ:r'pi:.doʊ] noun countable or uncountable (plural torpedoes)
■a long thin bomb which travels under water in order to destroy the ship at which it is aimed 鱼雷
UK [tɔ:'pi:.dəʊ] US [tɔ:r'pi:.doʊ] verb transitive
■to use a torpedo to destroy something 用鱼雷摧毁
■informal
■to destroy 破坏；毁坏
• He accused them of trying to torpedo the peace process. 他指责他们试图破坏和平进程。
n. 鱼雷； [军] 水雷；油井爆破筒；电鳐；职业杀手
 - mine, mouldy
vt. 破坏；用鱼雷袭击
 - destroy, undermine, founder

Word: revaluation
Front: revaluation
[ˌri:væljʊ'eɪʃn] (28385/16512)
Back: n. 再评价; 重估计
分布：再评价(100%)
n. [经] 重新估价；再评价
 - reassessment

Word: unsavoury
Front: unsavoury
[ʌnˈseɪvəri] (-/18835)
Back: adj. 味道很不好的，讨厌的
分布：令人厌恶的)(50%)，不好的(难闻的(50%)
US [-vɚ-] adjective
■unpleasant, or morally offensive 令人讨厌的；不道德的
• unsavoury sexual practices 不道德的性行为
• an unsavoury reputation 声名狼藉
adj. 难吃的；令人讨厌的
 - terrible, geeky

Word: troika
Front: troika
[ˈtrɔɪkə] (29144/36951)
Back: n. （俄国的）三驾马车，紧密联系的三人
分布：三头马车(67%)，三人一伙(33%)
→来自俄罗斯语 troika,三架马车，三人组，词源同 three,-ka,小词后缀。引申诸相关词义。
formal
noun countable
■a group of three people, especially government officials 三人一伙；（尤指）三头政治，三人领导小组
• She is a member of the president's troika of close advisers. 她是总统身边的三人顾问组成员。
n. 三驾马车；三头政治
 - triarchy

Word: warmly
Front: warmly
[wɔ:mlɪ] (11007/7654)
Vocabulary: warmly
(once / 462 pages)
adv
When you do something warmly, you do it in a kind or affectionate way. To smile warmly at a shy child is to present a sincere, friendly face in his direction.
People who treat others warmly are enthusiastic and cordial. When teachers answer their students' questions warmly, they act with a kindness that tends to make the students happier and more excited about school. Warmly comes from the adjective warm and its meaning of "showing affection or kindness." This sense has been in use since the 1500's, but the Old English root word, wearm, relates only to literal heat or warmth.
WORD FAMILY
warm: warmed, warmer, warmest, warming, warmingly, warmly, warmness, warms, warmth+/warmed: unwarmed/warmer: warmers/warming: warmings/warmth: warmths
USAGE EXAMPLES
Perez, who endorsed Clinton, is viewed warmly by progressives because of his record inside the Labor and Justice departments.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
The story warmly conveys the dignity and refinements of these women.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Iraqi military commanders greeted him warmly, as did U.S.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adv. 温暖地; 亲切地; 热烈地; 热心地
分布：温暖地(40%)，热烈地(30%)，亲切地(30%)
ADJ-GRADED
温暖的;暖和的
Something that is warm has some heat but not enough to be hot.
例：Wheat is grown in places which have cold winters and warm, dry summers...小麦适宜在冬季寒冷而夏季温暖干燥的地方生长。
例：Because it was warm, David wore only a white cotton shirt...因为天气暖和，戴维只穿了一件白色的棉衬衣。
ADJ-GRADED
(衣物或毯子)保暖的，保温的
Warm clothes and blankets are made of a material such as wool which protects you from the cold.
例：They have been forced to sleep in the open without food or warm clothing...他们被迫风餐露宿，吃不饱也穿不暖。
例：The bed had clean sheets and warm blankets.床上是干净的被单和暖和的毯子。
ADJ-GRADED
暖色调的;有暖感的
Warm colours have red or yellow in them rather than blue or green, and make you feel comfortable and relaxed.
例：We hope the colour gives the house a warm and inviting feel...我们希望这种颜色能让房子给人一种暖意融融、宾至如归的感觉。
例：The basement hallway is painted a warm yellow.地下室的走廊漆成了暖黄色。
ADJ-GRADED
热心的;热情的;热烈的
A warm person is friendly and shows a lot of affection or enthusiasm in their behaviour.
例：She was a warm and loving mother...她是一位热情慈爱的母亲。
例：'Wonderful!' he exclaimed, in the familiar warm voice that made everybody who knew him feel welcome...“太棒了！”他欢呼道，他熟悉而热情的声音让所有认识他的人都感到如沐春风。
VERB
使暖和;让…取暖
If you warm a part of your body or if something hot warms it, it stops feeling cold and starts to feel hotter.
例：The sun had come out to warm his back...太阳出来了，把他后背晒得暖洋洋的。
例：She went to warm her hands by the log fire.她把手伸向木火堆取暖。
VERB
(对某人)产生好感;(对想法)开始感兴趣
If you warm to a person or an idea, you become fonder of the person or more interested in the idea.
例：Those who got to know him better warmed to his openness and honesty...那些对他日渐了解的人被他的坦率和真诚所打动。
例：Elizabeth warmed to her theme as the letter continued with her favourite lament.随着这封信接下来进入到伊丽莎白最喜欢抱怨的内容，她开始奔向主题。
adv. 热情地；温暖地；亲切地
 - passionately, kindly

Word: unseen
Front: unseen
[ˌʌnˈsi:n] (8001/8594 -1)
Back: adj. 看不见的; 未看见的; 未事先过目的; 即席的
n. 即席翻译; 即席翻译的文章
分布：未看见的(68%)，即席的(32%)
adjective
■not seen or not able to be seen 未被看见的；无形的；隐形的
• She found the side-door open and slipped into the house unseen. 她发现侧门开着，就偷偷溜了进去。
• Unseen birds sang in the trees above us. 一些看不见的鸟儿在我们头顶的树上歌唱。
adj. 看不见的，未看见的；未经预习的
 - invisible, perdu

Word: baroque
Front: baroque
[bəˈrəʊk] (托宝 16149/9119 -1)
Vocabulary: baroque
(once / 12110 pages)
adjn
Something baroque is overly ornate, like a paisley red velvet jacket with tassels, or music that has a lot going on and might include a harpsichord.
Anything with a complicated design can be baroque but it also refers to a style of art, music, and architecture from 17th Century Italy (and is then sometimes capitalized). Although it has roots in the Portuguese word barroco meaning "imperfect pearl" not everything baroque is imperfect. Caravaggio and Rubens are considered baroque painters, and baroque composers include Vivaldi, Bach, and Handel. Although rococo and baroque both describe something over-the-top, sticklers will save baroque for something with heft and use rococo for lighter designs, like that velvet jacket. Historically, Rococo comes after the Baroque period.
WORD FAMILY
baroque: baroquely, baroqueness, baroques
USAGE EXAMPLES
Over time, though, my excuses grew more baroque.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Of course Renaissance and baroque artists find joy and hope in the nativity.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
The NBM ensemble brings it to life with five soloists, a full baroque orchestra, three trumpeters and a timpani at 7:30 p.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 巴罗克式的; 巴罗克风格的; 过分装饰的; 奇形怪状的
n. 巴罗克风格; 新奇作品; 怪异型
分布：巴洛克式(50%)，巴洛克式的(24%)，巴洛克风格(20%)，奇形怪状的(3%)，过份雕琢的(3%)
→词源不确定。词源学家Klein认为该词来自于16世纪意大利画家Federigo Barocci，该种风格的建立者。
【源】原指巴洛克风格（1550－1700年），盛行于欧洲的一种艺术和建筑风格。这种风格强调拉紧的效果，其特征是有大胆的曲线结构、复杂的装饰和无联系部分间的整体平衡。这种风格过分强调雕琢和装饰奇异，倾向于豪华、浮夸。
【反】austere（adj 简朴的）
US [-'rɑ:k] adjective
■relating to the heavily decorated style in buildings, art and music that was popular in Europe in the 17th century and the early part of the 18th century 巴罗克式的，巴罗克式的
• baroque architecture/painters 巴罗克风格的建筑／画家

Word: xu
Front: xu
['zʌ] (-/43496)
Back: n. 苏（越南的辅币单位，相当于1/100盾）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: whizz
Front: whizz
[wɪz] (17799/18508 -1)
Back: n. 飕飕声; 专家
vt. 飕飕作声
时态：whizzed, whizzing, whizzes
分布：奇才(34%)，快速地做(21%)，飕飕声(15%)，=whiz.(10%)，飕飕地飞驰(10%)，发飕飕声(10%)
→拟声词。
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition UK (ALSO US usually whiz) informal
■to move or do something very fast 快速移动；很快地做
• A police car whizzed by , on its way to the accident. 一辆警车飞速驶过，开往事故现场。
• We whizzed through the rehearsal, so that we'd be finished by lunchtime. 我们赶紧进行排练，以便能在午饭之前结束。
• Time just whizzes past when you're enjoying yourself. 当你在纵情享乐的时候，时间总是转眼即逝。
[wɪz] noun
EXPERT 专家 UK (ALSO US usually whiz) countable usually singular informal approving
■a person with a very high level of skill or knowledge in a particular subject 能手；奇才；高手
• a computer whizz 电脑高手
• He's a whizz at poker. 他是个扑克牌高手。
[wɪz] noun
DRUG 毒品
uncountable UK slang for
■ amphetamine (= drug which makes the mind and body more active) 苯丙胺；安非他明
n. 专家；精明的人；子弹等在空中掠过的声音（等于whiz）
 - expert, specialist

Word: brazen
Front: brazen
[ˈbreɪzn] (宝 14809/19563 -1)
Vocabulary: brazen
(once / 1142 pages)
1adjv 2adj
With brazen disregard for the sign that said "no cellphones please" the woman took a long call in the doctor's office waiting room. Brazen refers to something shocking, done shamelessly.
The Middle English word was brasen "made of brass," from Old English bræsen, from bræs "brass." In fact a near synonym of brazen is our English word brassy, which has the additional meaning of being loud and showy.
WORD FAMILY
brazen: brazened, brazenest, brazening, brazenly, brazenness, brazens
USAGE EXAMPLES
They were “engaged in one of the largest and most brazen investment frauds perpetrated on the investing public,” said Brooklyn U.S.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
It was a brazen change in tactics, moving the Russians from espionage to influence operations.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
“La La Land,” Damien Chazelle’s brazen attempt to reinvigorate the old-fashioned movie musical, is a fantasy on a lot of different levels.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 无耻的; 黄铜制的; 坚硬的; 声音响亮刺耳的
vt. 厚着脸皮; 勇敢地做（或对待）; 使变得勇敢; 厚着脸皮做（或对待）
时态：brazened, brazening, brazens
分布：厚颜无耻的(65%)，明目张胆的(17%)，响而刺耳的(6%)，使变得无耻；无耻地对待(6%)，厚着脸皮做(6%)
→同brass, 黄铜。原指黄铜色，看不出脸红的人。
【记】braz＝brass（n 黄铜）－脸像黄铜－厚颜无耻的
【参】brazier（n 火盆，黄铜匠）
【反】modest（adj 谦虚的）；self-effacing（adj 不出风头的；谦卑的）
adjective
■obvious, without any attempt to be hidden 毫不隐瞒的，明目张胆的
• There were instances of brazen cheating in the exams. 考试中有人明目张胆地作弊。
• He told me a brazen lie. 他恬不知廉耻地向我撒谎。
['breɪ.zən] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] brazen sth out
■to act confidently and not admit that a problem exists 厚着脸皮
• I decided to brazen it out and hoped they wouldn't notice the scratch on the car. 我决定厚着脸皮混过去，希望他们不会注意汽车上的刮痕。
adj. 厚颜无耻的；黄铜制的
 - as bold as brass, bold-faced

Word: countenance
Front: countenance
[ˈkaʊntənəns] (宝 18208/14013 -1)
Vocabulary: countenance
(once / 127 pages)
1n 2vn
The noun countenance means the face or its expression. If you're a great poker player, you probably have a calm countenance.
Countenance comes from a French word for "behavior," but it has become a fancy term for either the expression of a face or the face itself: "He had a puzzled countenance," or "what a charming countenance!"Countenance can also be a verb meaning to tolerate or approve. If someone does something offensive, tell them, "I'm afraid I can't countenance that."
WORD FAMILY
countenance: countenanced, countenances, countenancing, discountenance+/discountenance: discountenanced, discountenances, discountenancing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The party was doubtless pleased by his resolute refusal, in line with its own, to countenance such concessions.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
So whatever he has in his heart, he countenances it for either political or media gain.
Slate(Nov 23, 2016)
Please don't leave her countenance out of her own essay.
New York Times(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: n. 表情; 脸，面孔; 赞同，支持; 鼓励
vt. 表示赞同; 嘉奖; 宽恕
时态：countenanced, countenancing, countenances
分布：支持(45%)，面容(38%)，面部表情(9%)，赞成(8%)
→来自contain, 包含，控制，对内心情感的控制，表情。后词义进一步褒义化，赞赏，支持。
赞许,支持;形貌(coun[=con]+tent+ance→全部控制→容忍,不提议见,表示支持)[tain,ten,tin=hold表示"拿住"]
【记】continent（adj 节制的）－节制的状态－默认的表情－一种容忍的支持
【反】regard with disfavor（不赞成）；forbid（v 禁止）；condemn（vt 谴责）
US [-tən.ənts]
FACE 脸
countable or uncountable
■the appearance or expression of someone's face 面容；脸色；面部表情
• He was of noble countenance. 他的面容显得很高贵。
formal
noun UK [ˈkaʊn.tə.nənts] US [-tən.ənts]
APPROVAL 赞同
uncountable
■approval
• We will not give/lend countenance to any kind of terrorism. 我们不赞同任何形式的恐怖主义。
formal
verb transitive UK [ˈkaʊn.tə.nənts] US [-tən.ənts/
■to find acceptable; to approve of or give support to 接受，认可；赞同；支援
• The school will not countenance bad behaviour. 学校不会支援不端行为。
n. 面容，表情；支持
 - holding, face, support, look, adhesion
vt. 支持，赞同
 - encourage, second, back, carry, hand

Word: carp
Front: carp
[kɑ:p] (宝 16653/10893 -2)
Vocabulary: carp
(once / 2396 pages)
1n 2v
A carp is a type of fish found in fresh water. To carp is to complain and gripe repeatedly, especially about little things. Don’t carp about the rain if you live in the rain forest.
A carp is a freshwater fish belonging to the Cyprinidae family, which is native to Europe and Asia. To carp, on the other hand, is universal. To carp is to complain and whine in a particularly annoying way. Someone who always complains about the same things over and over loves to carp. Carping is a little like nagging: no one wants to listen to it. People who carp find fault with almost everything.
WORD FAMILY
carp: carped, carper, carping, carps+/carper: carpers/ carping: carpings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Additionally, the researchers call for close monitoring of invasive Asian carp, which might out-compete native fish species if they infest the Great Lakes.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
They are the same ones already carping about retired brain surgeon Ben Carson’s being picked to run the Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
But I digress, as does Ms. Arcade, moving from a brief history of the advertising industry to carping about tourist hordes invading the city.
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: vi. 挑剔，吹毛求疵; 找茬儿
n. 鲤鱼; 鲤科（包括金鱼或锦鲤）
时态：carped, carping, carps
分布：鲤鱼(92%)，吹毛求疵(8%)
→来自拉丁词carpa.
【记】carp（n 鲤鱼）；鲤鱼刺多，所以要－挑刺car车，p屁。买车时给车屁股挑毛病－吹毛求疵
US [kɑ:rp] noun countable or uncountable (plural carp)
■a large fish which lives in lakes and rivers and which can be eaten 鲤鱼
UK [kɑ:p] US [kɑ:rp] verb intransitive
■to complain all the time about matters which are not important 挑剔，吹毛求疵
• I can't stand the way he's always carping. 我受不了他那副总是吹毛求疵的样子。
vi. 吹毛求疵
 - find quarrel in a straw, cavil about
n. 鲤鱼
 - tench

Word: cancellation
Front: cancellation
[ˌkænsəˈleɪʃn] (托 11898/7910)
Back: n. 取消; <数>（相）约; 被取消的事物; 作废
分布：取消(86%)，撤销(10%)，废除(4%)
noun countable or uncountable
■when someone decides that an organized event will not happen or stops an order for something 取消；撤销；使作废
• Many trains are subject to cancellation because of the flooding. 多趟列车因洪水而被取消。
• The theatre tickets were sold out, so we waited to see if there were any cancellations (= unwanted returned tickets). 戏票已经卖光了，所以我们等着看是否有退票。
n. 取消；删除
 - withdrawal, revocation

Word: diffuse
Front: diffuse
[dɪˈfju:s] (研六托雅宝 12366/11715 -1)
Vocabulary: diffuse
(once / 613 pages)
adjv
Diffuse mean spread out, or the action of spreading out. If lots of people in school believe invisible angels are everywhere, you could say that opinion is diffuse. You might even think angels are diffuse as well.
As a verb, diffuse means to spread something out, but also applies to spreading things such as ideas or culture so that they become widely known. When something is diffused, it's mixed in, and when you drop propaganda pamphlets out of airplanes you're diffusing the propaganda. The adjective comes from Latin diffusus, from diffundere "to pour in different directions," from the prefix dis- "apart" plus fundere "to pour."
WORD FAMILY
diffuse: diffused, diffusely, diffuseness, diffuser, diffuses, diffusing, diffusion, diffusive, diffusor+/diffused: diffusedly/diffuser: diffusers/ diffusion: diffusions/diffusive: diffusively/diffusor: diffusors
USAGE EXAMPLES
National health spending is also re-accelerating as the law diffuses through the system.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
But by employing a nonlinear structure, Cheng Er — who wrote, directed and edited this film — severely diffuses the story’s dramatic impact.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The next morning, the woman’s husband arrived at the hospital, enveloped in the same diffuse, blanching rash.
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 四散的; 散开的; 冗长的; 累赘的
vi. 传播; 四散
vt. 漫射; 发散; 弥漫; 舒缓
时态：diffused, diffusing, diffuses
分布：弥漫(61%)，扩散(24%)，传播(10%)，冗长的(3%)，散开(1%)，四散的(1%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。-fus, 流，涌，词源同fusion, confuse. 即光线向不同方向流出，漫射开。
散布的,散开的(dif+fusc流→分开流→散布的)[dif-和辅音重复表示"不,否定,分开"]
散播a.四散的(dif分开+fuse→分流_→散播)[fus=pour,表示"流,泻"]
v.扩散;传播a.(文章等)冗长的,漫无边际的I refuse to accuse Fuse of diffusing confusion.我拒绝控告导火索散播混乱.
【记】dif不同，fuse流，引线－向不同方向流－散射
【参】confuse（vt 使糊涂；混淆）；transfuse（vt 灌输；输血）；diffusion（n 扩散；传播；漫射）
【反】focus（v 集中）
verb intransitive or transitive /dɪˈfjuːz/
■to (cause something to) spread in many directions （使）扩散，（使）传播，（使）散布
• Television is a powerful means of diffusing knowledge. 电视是传播知识的有力工具。
■to (cause a gas or liquid to) spread through or into a surrounding substance by mixing with it （使气体或液体）弥漫，扩散，渗透
• Oxygen diffuses from the lungs into the bloodstream. 氧气从肺部渗透到血液之中。
• The drop of red dye diffused slowly in the water. 那滴红色染料在水中慢慢扩散开来。
adjective]dɪˈfjuːs/
SPREAD 扩散的
■spread out and not directed in one place 扩散的，弥漫的，分散的
• a diffuse light 漫射光
• The company has become large and diffuse. 公司规模大了，业务范围也更广了。
adjective]dɪˈfjuːs/
NOT CLEAR 费解的 disapproving
■not clear or easy to understand 含混的，费解的，晦涩的
• a diffuse literary style 晦涩的文风
scatter, diffuse, spread, disperse
这组词都有“使分散、使散开”的意思，其区别是：
scatter: 普通用词，指用暴力等手段使人或物向四处散开，或把物随意撒开。
diffuse: 指光线、声音或气味等在空中传送或散布，强调覆盖面积与物质分布相对密度之间的关系。
spread: 指一直延伸、蔓延，侧重遍及。
disperse: 多指把一群人或物等彻底驱散。
diffuse, dilute, disperse, dissolve
diffuse: 使扩散（气体或热量等的扩散或弥漫）
dilute: 稀释，减少事物的强度，浓度，纯度
disperse: 扩散，消散
dissolve: 溶解，固体溶解于水中
adj. 弥漫的； [植] [物] 散开的
 - divergent
vt. [物] 扩散；传播；漫射
 - transmit, spread abroad
vi. 传播；四散
 - spread abroad, to disseminate

Word: dormant
Front: dormant
[ˈdɔ:mənt] (研六托雅宝 11487/11276 -1)
Vocabulary: dormant
(once / 1952 pages)
adj
That old dog was dormant for so long he was confused for a furry doormat, but a doormat is likely to stay dormant, or inactive, because it is lifeless: that old dog has some life in him yet.
Volcanoes are described as dormant when they stay cool for a long time, without spewing hot lava and ash. They may have the ability to come to life, but they remain dormant, or inactive. Dormant comes from French dormir, "to sleep," and it refers to living things that are on a break rather than things that have died. Being dormant is being temporarily at rest, although sometimes, as with some cancer cells, things become permanently — and thankfully — dormant.
WORD FAMILY
dormant: dormancy, dormantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
For ages, anti-Semitism felt dead or maybe just dormant in the ugliest, dark corners of America, where moon-landing and illuminati conspiracy theories writhed.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The Obama administration is dismantling a dormant national registry program for some foreign visitors amid worries that the new administration would revive it.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
It usually stays dormant until spring but this year it is already several inches high.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 潜伏的，蛰服的，休眠的; 静止的; 资金没有利用的; 权利尚待争取的
分布：休眠的(48%)，静止的(22%)，潜伏的(22%)，睡眠的(4%)，匿名的(4%)
→来自drem，睡觉，休息。引申词义蛰伏。
【记】读：都闷他
【参】dormitory（n 宿舍）；dormouse（n 冬眠鼠；睡鼠）
US ['dɔ:r-] adjective
■describes something that is not active or growing, but which has the ability to be active at a later time 蛰伏的，沉睡的，休眠的
• The long-dormant volcano has recently shown signs of erupting. 休眠了很久的火山最近出现了要喷发的迹象。
• These investments have remained dormant for several years. 这些投资好几年都没有甚么动静。
lie dormant
■If something lies dormant, it is not active 潜伏，潜藏
• Her talent might have lain dormant had it not been for her aunt's encouragement. 如果不是姑姑鼓励她，她的才能可能现在还不会被挖掘出来。
adj. 休眠的；静止的；睡眠状态的；隐匿的
 - still, resting

Word: forfeit
Front: forfeit
[ˈfɔ:fɪt] (研雅宝 12633/11357 -1)
Vocabulary: forfeit
(once / 575 pages)
vnadj
Forfeit means to lose or give up something, usually as a penalty. If you don’t finish your homework and eat all your broccoli, you'll most likely forfeit your right to watch TV before going to bed.
An adjective, noun, and verb all rolled into one, forfeit came into existence around 1300 meaning “to lose by misconduct.” To forfeit is to lose or give up something as punishment for making an error. A forfeit is what is lost. You've probably heard of forfeiting a game or match — like when you don't show up with enough players or pick one too many fights with the opposing team.
WORD FAMILY
forfeit: forfeited, forfeiting, forfeits, forfeiture, unforfeitable+/forfeiture: forfeitures
USAGE EXAMPLES
Jordan forfeited most of them when he was sentenced to eight years in federal prison for drug and money laundering charges.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
None of the U.S. car dealers admitted wrongdoing in the civil case, although some forfeited a portion of profits.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
He’s required to forfeit his jobs as a firefighter and lifeguard.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. （因违反协议、犯规、受罚等）丧失，失去
n. 罚金，没收物，丧失的东西; 代价
adj. 丧失了的，被没收了的
时态：forfeited, forfeiting, forfeits
分布：丧失(51%)，罚金(15%)，没收物(12%)，没收(12%)，丧失了的(10%)
→for-, 在外面，超过，词源同foreign. -feit, 做，词源同fact.原义为做过头的，越界的，衍生词义犯罪，处罚，没收。
【记】for为了，feit＝feet脚－为了脚舒服，在和老江吃饭的时候，把鞋脱了，结果丧失了2年穿鞋的权力，处以2万元罚金，并剥夺政治权力终身。
【参】forfeiture（n 丧失；没收物；罚款）
US ['fɔ:r-] verb transitive
■to lose the right to do or have something because you have broken a rule （因违规而）丧失，被没收
• If you cancel now I'm afraid you forfeit your deposit. 如果您现在取消的话，恐怕您不能拿回订金。
• These people have forfeited the right to live in society. 这些人已经丧失了社会生存权。
UK ['fɔ:.fɪt] US ['fɔ:r-] noun countable
■something that you have lost the right to do or have because you have broken a rule （因违规而造成的）罚金，丧失物
pay a forfeit
■to give up something, especially in a game （尤指在比赛中）受罚
UK ['fɔ:.fɪt] US ['fɔ:r-] adjective [after verb] formal
■taken away from someone as a punishment 被罚的；被没收的
n. [金融] 罚金； [法] 没收物；丧失的东西
 - amercement, pecuniary penalty
adj. 因受罚而丧失的；被没收的
 - confiscate
vt. （因犯罪、失职、违约等）丧失（权利、名誉、生命等）
 - starve of

Word: formulate
Front: formulate
[ˈfɔ:mjuleɪt] (研六托雅 5843/4149 -2)
Vocabulary: formulate
(once / 1010 pages)
v
To formulate is to come up with a plan. If you are locked out of your house, you'll need to formulate a plan to get back inside — preferably one that doesn't involving kicking in the door.
You can also use the verb formulate to mean "put into words." If too many people are showing up at your work in inappropriate clothes, your company may formulate a dress code policy. They may, for example, decree that either socks or shoes must be worn. The verb can also mean to develop a formula for something. If the dog ate the chicken you were going to use in your dinner, you may need to formulate a new recipe for chicken-less pot pie.
WORD FAMILY
formulate: formulated, formulates, formulating, formulation, reformulate +/ formula: formulae, formularise, formularize, formulary, formulas, formulate /formularise: formularised/formularize: formularized/formulary: formularies/ formulation: formulations/ reformulate: reformulated, reformulating
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those who employ it frequently fail to formulate additional planks for their arguments.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Hospital staff administered antibiotics, a specially formulated laxative to treat constipation, and a diet of squid and fish.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
And scientists continue efforts to formulate a vaccine.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 构想出，规划; 确切地阐述; 用公式表示
时态：formulated, formulating, formulates
分布：规划(46%)，制订(34%)，系统地阐述(11%)，用公式表示(9%)
→来自formula, 配方。即形成配方的，进行规划构想的。
公式化;系统陈述(formula+ate→成公式)[form=shape,表示"形状"]
v.用公式表示;规划;设计;系统地阐述The form of the former formula is formally formulated.前一个分子式的形式得到正式表述.
US ['fɔ:r-] verb transitive
■to develop all the details of a plan for doing something 制订；规划；构想
• to formulate a new plan 制订一个新计划
• to formulate legislation 制订法律
formulate, devise, conceive
这组词都有“设计、设想”的意思，其区别是：
formulate: 与conceive相反，指在devise之后的具体设计活动。
devise: 侧重设计的临时性和权宜性，并隐含有更多的设想可用。
conceive: 强调在制定计划之前的先有设想构思。
vt. 规划；用公式表示；明确地表达
 - programme, mark out

Word: excessively
Front: excessively
[ɪk'sesɪvlɪ] (六 12532/9562)
Back: adv. 过度地; 过分地; 极度地
分布：过分地(60%)，极度地(20%)，过度地(20%)
ADJ-GRADED
过分的;过多的
If you describe the amount or level of something as excessive, you disapprove of it because it is more or higher than is necessary or reasonable.
例：...the alleged use of excessive force by police...警察涉嫌滥用武力
例：The government says that local authority spending is excessive.政府称地方当局开支过大。
adv. 过分地；极度
 - obsessively, fulsomely

Word: hers
Front: hers
[hɜ:z] (中高 3849/3071 -K2)
Back: pron. 她的; 属于她的
分布：代词(92%)，形容词(6%)，名词(2%)
pron.[she的物主代词]她的(所有物)She identified the bag as hers by saying what it contained.她以说出手提包里有什么东西,证明那是她的.
US [hɝ:z] pronoun
 ESSENTIAL
■used to show that something belongs to or is connected with a woman, girl or female animal that has just been mentioned 她的（所有物）
• Nicky and I both have red hair but hers is lighter than mine. 尼基和我的头发都是红色，但她的颜色稍浅一些。

Word: kodak
Front: kodak
[ˈkəudæk] (-/16338)
Back: n. <美>柯达（柯达公司的照相机和照相材料的商标名）
v. 用手提照相机拍（照片）
分布：名词(100%)
n. 小型照相机
 - minicam

Word: khmer
Front: khmer
[kmeə(r)] (-/9410)
Back: n. 高棉人（居住在柬埔寨，中世纪曾有高度文明），高棉语
分布：高棉语(39%)，高棉人(37%)，高棉语的(12%)，高棉人的(12%)

Word: incorrect
Front: incorrect
[ˌɪnkəˈrekt] (高四六 7280/7053 -1)
Vocabulary: incorrect
(once / 1378 pages)
adj
Incorrect things are wrong or mistaken. Driving the incorrect direction on the highway can be dangerous. Turn around!
Using the incorrect name when you greet someone (or eating your soup with the incorrect spoon at a fancy dinner) can be embarrassing. A doctor giving you the incorrect diagnosis is never good. When something is correct, it's proper, accurate, truthful, or without errors, and you get incorrect by adding the "not" prefix, in-.
WORD FAMILY
incorrect: incorrectly, incorrectness+/ correct: correctable, corrected, correctedly, correcting, correctingly, correction, corrective, correctly, correctness, corrects, incorrect /correctable: uncorrectable/corrected: uncorrected/ correction: correctional, corrections/correctional: correctionally/corrective: correctively, correctives/correctness: correctnesses/incorrectness: incorrectnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Trump pointed to the CIA’s incorrect assessment in 2003 that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Mistakes ranged from sloppy record-keeping to the dispensing of incorrect drugs.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Jordan said the report that Chris Paul was also involved in the accident was incorrect.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 错误的; 不正确的; 不能接受的; （说话或举止）不合规矩的
分布：不正确的(59%)，错误的(41%)
→in-,不，非，correct,正确的。
US [-kə'rekt] adjective
■not correct or not true 不正确的；不真实的
• an incorrect answer/diagnosis 错误的答案／诊断
• The assumptions made about the economy's rate of growth proved to be incorrect. 对经济增长率的推测证明是不正确的。
■not acceptable or not as it should be 不可接受的；不适当的
• It's incorrect to address people by their first names at these formal events. 在这些正式的场合，直呼别人姓名是不恰当的。
• incorrect grammar 不正确的文法
adj. 错误的，不正确的；不适当的；不真实的
 - false, impossible, wrong, improper, unhappy

Word: microchip
Front: microchip
[ˈmaɪkrəʊtʃɪp] (17473/21047 -1)
Back: n. 微晶片; 微型集成电路片
分布：名词(100%)
→micro-,微小的，chip,芯片。
US [-kroʊ-] noun countable
■a chip (COMPUTER PART)

Word: prise
Front: prise
[praɪz] (43121/12043 -1)
Back: vt. 撬动; 捕获; 欣赏
n. 奖赏; 捕获; 撬杠
时态：prised, prising, prises
分布：奖品(28%)，战利品(16%)，强迫某人披露某事(16%)，重视(8%)，强行使分开(8%)，奖励的(8%)，杰出的(8%)，珍品(8%)
→来自古法语prise,抓住，握住，来自（缩写自）拉丁语prehendere,抓住，握住，词源同prison,comprehend.引申词义用力抢压，强行撬开等。
verb transitive UK for prize (LIFT)
vt. （英）捕获；撬动；欣赏（等于prize）
 - enjoy, acquire, prize
n. 奖赏；捕获；撬杠
 - prize, taking, capture

Word: refrigerator
Front: refrigerator
[rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪtə(r)] (高四六托 4133/9857 -K1)
Vocabulary: refrigerator
(once / 2682 pages)
n
A refrigerator is a kitchen appliance where you can store your perishable food at a cool temperature. You should store your milk and meat in the refrigerator to keep them from spoiling.
The term refrigerator is often shortened to fridge, and because of this, people often mistakenly try to spell refrigerator with a d. Refrigerators come in all sizes, from a small cube that is often used in college dorm rooms by students trying to keep a six-pack of soda cool, to a huge walk-in refrigerator that might be used at a restaurant to cool all the ingredients for the week's meals.
WORD FAMILY
refrigerator: refrigerators+/ refrigerate: refrigerated, refrigerates, refrigerating, refrigeration, refrigerator /refrigeration: refrigerations
USAGE EXAMPLES
From the refrigerator temperature to how records are kept, there is little or no room for variance.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
One way firms are trying to do this is by focusing on the refrigerator.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
“I definitely get people who recognize me from someone else’s refrigerator,” said Lani Droz, now a graduate student who lives in Montreal.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 冰箱; 冷藏库; 制冰机，冷冻机
分布：冰箱(100%)
→来自 refrigerate,冷却，冷藏。常缩写自 fridge.
冰箱(re+friger+ator)[frig,friger=cold,表示"冷"]
US [-ɚ.eɪ.tˌɚ] noun countable US , UK formal for
■ fridge
n. [制冷] 冰箱，冷藏库
 - icebox, freezer

Word: misrule
Front: misrule
[ˌmɪsˈru:l] (34579/39979)
Back: vt. 施暴政
n. 暴政
分布：暴政(70%)，施暴政(20%)，无秩序(10%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，rule,管理。
对…施暴政(mis+rule统治→统治不善)[mis-表示"错误,坏"]
noun uncountable
■bad government that shows no justice or fairness （政治上的）治理不当，管理不善；暴政
• She blames her country's economic collapse on forty years of communist misrule. 她将国家的经济崩溃归咎于40年的共产主义暴政。
n. 暴政
 - tyranny, jackboot

Word: smother
Front: smother
[ˈsmʌðə(r)] (托雅宝 10923/11182 -1)
Vocabulary: smother
(once / 680 pages)
vn
To smother is to overwhelm or suffocate. If you've ever had a boyfriend or girlfriend who calls you twenty five times an hour to check up on you, then you know what it means to be smothered by someone.
The word smother literally means to deprive of oxygen, so it can be used to refer to someone who gets suffocated by a pillow. In everyday conversation, the word is often used to refer to the act of making someone feel like they’re being deprived of oxygen or personal space. If you have a mother who likes to smother you by asking where you're going every time you see her, then it's likely you’re already dreaming of moving out!
WORD FAMILY
smother: smothered, smotherer, smothering, smothers+/smothering: smotheringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He ended it smothered in bruises, boos and the most basic of questions.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The chicken is seared, braised and pulled, then smothered in something called Miami salsa – yoghurt, mint, coriander and a few other ingredients.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Paris this month experienced its worst air-pollution episode in a decade, with a thick blanket of ugly air smothering the City of Light for days.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: v. （使）窒息，（使）透不过气; 遮掩; 抑制
n. 窒息物; 浓烟，浓雾
时态：smothered, smothering, smothers
分布：窒息(48%)，闷死(25%)，忍住(17%)，用沙等闷住火(5%)，厚厚地或大面积地覆盖(5%)
→缩写自中古英语 smorthre,浓烟，来自古英语 smorian,使窒息，闷死，-ian,表动词，来自 Proto-Germanic*smurona,窒息，闷死，词源可能同 smolder.-ther,工具格后缀，比较 tether,mother. 引申比喻义抑制，扼杀。
【记】读：s死，mother－使窒息
US [-ɚ] verb transitive
COVER 闷死
■to kill someone by covering their face so that they cannot breathe 闷死，使窒息
• They threatened to smother the animals with plastic bags. 他们威胁要用塑胶袋把这些动物闷死。
■to kill something by covering it and preventing it from receiving the substances and conditions it needs for life 摧残，扼杀
• Snow soon smothered the last of the blooms. 不久大雪便扼杀了最后的花朵。
• figurative I tried desperately to smother a sneeze (= I tried not to sneeze) during his speech. 他发言的时候，我努力控制自己不打喷嚏。
■to stop a fire from burning by covering it with something which prevents air from reaching it 把（火）闷熄
• I threw a blanket over the cooker to smother the flames. 我丢了一条毯子盖在炉子上，把火闷熄。
UK ['smʌð.ər] US [-ɚ] verb transitive
NOT DEVELOP 不发展
■to prevent something from developing or growing freely 抑制；扼杀
• The latest violence has smothered any remaining hopes for an early peace agreement. 最新的暴力事件扼杀了及早缔结和平协定的仅存希望。
■to give someone too much love and attention so that they feel they have lost their independence and freedom 过分关心爱护，溺爱
• I think she broke off their engagement because she felt smothered by him. 我想她解除婚约是因为她感觉他的爱快要让她窒息了。
UK ['smʌð.ər] US [-ɚ] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  smother sth in/with sth
■to cover something completely with a substance or objects 用…覆盖
• She took a slice of chocolate cake and smothered it in cream. 她拿起一块巧克力蛋糕，在上面涂满了鲜奶油。
vt. 使窒息；抑制；（用灰等）闷熄；忍住
 - control, stay, restrain, resist
vi. 窒息；被抑制；闷死
 - choke
n. 窒息状态；令人窒息的浓烟
 - asphyxiant

Word: sweeten
Front: sweeten
[ˈswi:tn] (六 14697/18975 -1)
Back: vt. 使甜，把…弄香; 使温和; 使愉快; 使悦耳
vi. 变甜
时态：sweetened, sweetening, sweetens
分布：净化(67%)，使愉悦(33%)
→sweet,甜的，-en,使。
变甜(sweet甜)[-en 1.表动词"变成"2.表形容词"由…制成",通常加在名词后面3.表名词"人或物"]
verb transitive
TASTE 味道
■to make something taste sweet 使变甜
• The apple mixture can be sweetened with honey. 在什锦苹果里加点蜂蜜可以使它变甜。
['swi:.tən] verb transitive
MORE PLEASANT 更诱人
■to make something more attractive 使更具有吸引力，使更诱人
• The management sweetened the deal by offering an extra 2% to staff on the lowest end of the pay scale. 管理部开出了更诱人的条件，给收入最低的员工多加2%薪水。
■to make a person or a mood happier or friendlier 使…更高兴，哄…开心，使…更友善
• I think you should try to sweeten him up before you ask him for the loan. 我觉得你开口向他借钱之前，应该先哄他开心。
vt. 减轻；使变甜；使温和；使悦耳
 - moderate, gentle

Word: tasty
Front: tasty
[ˈteɪsti] (高托宝 8471/9957 -1)
Vocabulary: tasty
(once / 4385 pages)
adj
Things that taste great are tasty. You could describe your favorite foods, from doughnuts to baked ziti, as tasty.
While tasty basically means the same thing as yummy or flavorful, it implies a less serious compliment than the word delicious, for example. Potato chips are tasty, and so are grilled cheese sandwiches and soft serve ice cream cones. They're pleasant and appetizing, but not necessarily the most amazing food you've ever eaten. Tasty once had a secondary meaning of "elegant" or "tasteful."
WORD FAMILY
tasty: tastier, tastiest, tastily, tastiness+/ distaste: distastes/ distasteful: distastefully, distastefulness/foretaste: foretastes/taste: distaste, foretaste, tasted, tasteful, tasteless, taster, tastes, tasting, tasty /tasted: untasted/tasteful: distasteful, tastefully, tastefulness/tasteless: tastelessly, tastelessness/taster: tasters/tasting: tastings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The strike started December 28 after Pacific Choice Seafood in Humboldt County, California, offered to pay $2.75 a pound for the tasty crustacean.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
She sells it in places like Tasty Olive Co. in Highland and is interested in offering it at local coffee shops.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The strike started Wednesday after buyers offered to pay $2.75 a pound for the tasty crustacean.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 美味的，可口的; 高雅的，有品味的; 有趣的
n. 可口的东西; 引人入胜的东西
级别：tastier, tastiest
分布：好吃的(67%)，有趣的(28%)，有品位的(5%)
【记】源于：taste（v 品尝；n 味道）
【反】uninteresting（adj 无趣的；令人厌倦的）
adjective
FOOD 食物
■describes food which has a strong and very pleasant flavour 美味的，可口的
• This soup is very tasty. 这汤味道好极了。
['teɪ.sti] adjective
PERSON 人 informal
■describes someone who is very sexually attractive 有魅力的，迷人的
adj. 美味的；高雅的；有趣的
 - elegant, delicious, colorful, funny, exquisite

Word: scooter
Front: scooter
[ˈsku:tə(r)] (宝 13066/23519)
Back: n. <英>小型摩托车; （儿童）滑板车
分布：踏板车(68%)，小型摩托车(32%)
→来自 scoot,疾行，快走，猛冲，-er,表物。原指快速行走的人，后指一种小型摩托车。
【记】读：速可达－踏板车
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
TOY 玩具
■a child's vehicle with two or three small wheels joined to the bottom of a narrow board and a long vertical handle fixed to the front wheel. It is ridden by standing with one foot on the board and pushing against the ground with the other foot. 踏板车
UK ['sku:.tər] US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
MOTORCYCLE 摩托车
■a motor scooter

Word: transcend
Front: transcend
[trænˈsend] (研六托雅宝 6661/10296 -1)
Vocabulary: transcend
(once / 690 pages)
v
It would be nice to transcend the narrow limits of this brief definition, and go to greater lengths to describe this word's glories! Transcend means to move upward and beyond something.
No doubt you know about the words transcontinental or maybe trans fats? The prefix trans is used to mean "beyond, across" and transcend takes this even farther by adding in a sense of upwardness with the stem cend. A pop artist with a lot of talent might transcend the genre of pop. You can't assume a person's opinion on national security by party affiliation — it often transcends party lines.
WORD FAMILY
transcend: transcended, transcendent, transcending, transcends+/ transcendence: transcendences/transcendency: transcendencies/ transcendent: transcendence, transcendency, transcendental, transcendently/ transcendental: transcendentalism, transcendentally/ transcendentalism: transcendentalisms, transcendentalist / transcendentalist: transcendentalists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The most important political task of 2017 transcends the normal run of issues and controversies.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Gerstein’s recording is an admirable achievement, but it does not quite transcend Liszt’s keyboard acrobatics to reach a higher plane of musical expression.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
In this way, we create an existence that transcends the physical.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 超越，超出…的限度; 优于或胜过…; 高于或独立于（宇宙）而生存
时态：transcended, transcending, transcends
分布：超越(93%)，胜过(7%)
超越,胜过(trans+scend爬→爬过→超越)[trans-①表示"横过,越过"②表示"变换,改变,转移"]
超越,胜过(trans超过+scend→爬过去→超越)[scend,scens,scent=climb,表示"爬,攀"]
vt.超出,超越(经验,知识,能力的范围等)The genius of Shakespeare transcends that of all other English poets.莎士比亚的才华胜过所有的其他英国诗人.
【记】tran超过，scend爬－爬过－超越
【参】transcendent（adj 超常的；卓越的）；transcendental（adj 超出人类经验的；以直觉为基础的）
【反】ossify（v 使硬化；僵化）－transcend conventions（超越传统）
[træn'send] formal
verb transitive
■to go further, rise above or be more important or better than something, especially a limit 超越，超过，超出（尤指界限）
• The best films are those which transcend national or cultural barriers. 最优秀的影片是那些超越了民族或文化障碍的影片。
• The underlying message of the film is that love transcends everything else. 这部电影内在的中心意旨是爱超越其他一切。
transmit, transfer, transcend, transport, translate
transmit: 发射，播送；传播，传染；留传，遗传；
transfer: 转移，迁移；
transcend: 超过，翻越；
transport: 运输，运送，输送；
translate: 翻译；说明，使变成
surpass, transcend, exceed
这组词都有“超过”的意思，其区别是：
surpass: v.优于或超过某人(某物)。
 • The runner surpassed his old record by 10 seconds.   跑步运动员比他过去的记录提高了10秒。
transcend: v.超出或超越，一般指超越经验、常识、普通能力等，强调难以为大众理解。
 • The nature of God transcends of human comprehension.   上帝的本质难以为人们所理解
exceed: v.多于，大于，超过，多指数量或允许的限度。
 • Sales of the new product exceeded our estimates.   新产品的销售超出了我们的预计。
vt. 胜过，超越
 - overcome, exceed, top, cap, surpass

Word: zap
Front: zap
[zæp] (14561/22139 -1)
Back: vt. 攻击; 杀死，摧毁; 遥控
vi. 迅速移动
n. 精力，活力，元气; 攻击
int. 嚓
时态：zapped, zapping, zaps
分布：活力(37%)，精力(27%)，快速移动(18%)，射杀(9%)，击溃(9%)
→来自儿童连环画根据快速移动的声音创造出来的一个词，引申词义杀死。
verb (-pp-)
DESTROY 毁灭
transitive informal
■to destroy or kill something or someone, especially intentionally （尤指蓄意）破坏，谋杀
• They've got the kind of weapons that can zap the enemy from thousands of miles away. 他们拥有那种可以将敌人消灭在千里之外的武器。
• figurative We're really going to zap the competition with this new product! 我们这种新产品的确无人能及！
[zæp] verb (-pp-)
GO QUICKLY 快速移动
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] informal
■to go somewhere or do something quickly 迅速去（某处）；快速做
• Have I got time to zap into town and do some shopping? 我有时间赶到市区去买些东西吗？
• George zapped through his homework and rushed out to play football. 乔治匆匆做完作业，然后冲出去踢足球了。
• There are now over a million American fax machines zapping (= sending quickly) messages from coast to coast. 现在有100多万台美国传真机在东西海岸之间迅速传递讯息。
⇒ See also zip
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition mainly US informal
■to use an electronic device to change television channels quickly, sometimes to avoid watching advertisements 快速变换频道（以跳过电视广告）
[zæp] noun uncountable mainly US informal
■energy and enthusiasm 活力；精力
• She needs to put a bit more zap into her performance. 她需要给自己的表演注入一些活力。
n. 活力；意志；杀死；震击
 - vitality, energy, will, purpose, spring
vt. 攻击；打败；快速推动
 - beat, tank, best
vi. 快速移动
 - barrel

Word: viability
Front: viability
[ˌvaɪə'bɪlətɪ] (托宝 10788/8975)
Vocabulary: viability
(once / 14105 pages)
1n 2n
The noun viability means the quality of being able to happen or having a reasonable chance of success. The viability of holding your party at a restaurant might depend on how many guests they can seat.
Viability comes from the Latin root vita, meaning "life." So the noun viability also refers to something's capacity to live and grow. When your dog has a litter of puppies, you can't help wondering about the viability of the tiniest one, but if you feed him with an eyedropper and keep him warm, he might make it.
WORD FAMILY
viable: nonviable, viability, viably+/ vie: viable, vied, vieing, vies, vying
USAGE EXAMPLES
The city Department of Transportation didn’t immediately respond to a query about the viability of his claim.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Spending the money deposited in these funds—rather than just the investment income they generate—is threatening the funds’ long-term viability.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 24, 2016)
He added that settlements "constitute a major obstacle to peace, gravely diminishing the viability of the two-state solution".
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 生存能力，发育能力; 生活力
分布：可行性(57%)，生存能力(39%)，发育能力(4%)
生存能力[vivvitvig=life,表示"生命"]
【记】源于：viable（adj 能生育的；可行的）
【反】inability to live（不能生存）
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■ability to work as intended or to succeed 可以实施的；可望成功的
• Rising costs are threatening the viability of many businesses. 不断上涨的成本正在威胁许多企业的生存。
■specialized
■ability to continue to exist or develop as a living being 能生长发育的；可以存活的
• As the world population of Hawaiian geese has shrunk to very small numbers, the bird's continuing viability is in doubt. 全球范围内夏威夷雁已经所剩无几，这种鸟能否继续繁衍下去让人怀疑。
n. [生物] 生存能力，发育能力；可行性
 - feasibility, practicability

Word: teddy
Front: teddy
['tedɪ] (10599/10084 -1)
Back: n. 妇女连衫衬裤; 泰迪玩具熊; 特迪
分布：妇女连衫裤(100%)
noun countable
TOY 玩具 (also teddy bear)
■a soft toy bear 玩具熊
['ted.i] noun countable
CLOTHES 衣服
■a piece of women's underwear for the upper body 女用连衫衬裤

Word: antipathy
Front: antipathy
[ænˈtɪpəθi] (托宝 17759/14122 -1)
Vocabulary: antipathy
(once / 1698 pages)
n
An antipathy is a deep-seated dislike of something or someone. Usually it's a condition that is long-term, innate, and pretty unlikely to change — like your antipathy for the Red Sox.
If you look at the Greek roots of this word — anti- (meaning "against") and pathos (meaning "feeling"), you can see that antipathy is a feeling against someone or something. In general, antipathies are considered feelings that are kept at least somewhat under wraps and are not out on the surface.
WORD FAMILY
antipathy: antipathetic, antipathetical, antipathies+/antipathetic: antipathetically
USAGE EXAMPLES
This looks like little more than a cynical ploy to stoke public antipathy to federal regulation.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
For all his antipathy toward Trump, Rossen said he wouldn’t mind if the country’s new leader is in New York as often as possible.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
But it was bracing coming from a candidate whose election was powered by antipathy toward elites.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 反感; 引起反感的事物; 憎恶的对象; <古>（在本性、倾向等方面的）不相容
分布：反感(79%)，憎恶(13%)，不相容(8%)
→前缀anti-, 相对，相反。词根path, 感觉，见apathetic, 冷漠的。
反感(anti+pathy感情)[anti-表示"反对,相反"]
反感(anti反+pathy→反感情)[path=feeling,suffering,illness,表示"感情,痛苦,病"]
【记】anti反，pathy感情－反感
【参】apathy（n 冷漠）；sympathy（n 同情）
【反】affection（n 友爱）；benevolence（n 仁爱心，善行）；settled fondness（坚定的喜爱）；propensity（n 偏好）；proclivity（n 倾向；癖好）；affinity（n 密切关系；吸引力）
noun countable or uncountable
■(an example of) strong dislike, opposition or anger 憎恶，厌恶；反感
• Despite the deep antipathies between them, the two sides have managed to negotiate an agreement. 尽管双方芥蒂很深，但还是设法通过谈判达成了一项协议。
• Declarations of racial antipathy against ethnic minorities will not be tolerated. 公开声明对于少数民族的仇视是不可容忍的。
• He is a private man with a deep antipathy to/towards the press. 他是个喜欢独处的人，对新闻界非常反感。
n. 反感；厌恶；憎恶；不相容
 - hate, allergy

Word: ana
Front: ana
['ænə] (-/10994)
Back: n. （关于某人的）轶事; 闲话; 文坛杂闻; 语录
分布：语录(25%)，轶事(19%)，言论集(19%)，再(19%)，向后(9%)，向上(9%)
n. 语录；言论集；轶事
 - anecdote

Word: arbiter
Front: arbiter
[ˈɑ:bɪtə(r)] (宝 14948/14699 -1)
Vocabulary: arbiter
(once / 741 pages)
n
An arbiter is someone selected to judge and settle a dispute. When Doc and Grumpy disagreed over whose turn it was to stay late at the mine, they chose Snow White as an arbiter.
Arbiter, from the Latin, means "one who goes somewhere as witness or judge.” The arbiter of a baseball game is called an umpire. In football and basketball, the arbiter is a referee. Arbitration is a type of conflict resolution in which a neutral person — the arbiter — hears the details of a dispute and makes a legally-binding decision about its resolution.
WORD FAMILY
arbiter: arbiters, arbitrate +/arbitrable: nonarbitrable/arbitrament: arbitraments/ arbitrate: arbitrable, arbitrament, arbitrated, arbitrates, arbitrating, arbitration, arbitrator, arbitrement/ arbitration: arbitrational, arbitrations/arbitrator: arbitrators
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are no hard-and-fast rules to this process, but Jacomo is the sole arbiter.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Yet the research community often regards itself as the only acceptable arbiter of the way new inventions should be used.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Even though audiences are invited to do anything, the artists are physically positioned as the god-like arbiters of an intensely constructed exchange.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. [法]仲裁人，裁决者; 权威人士，主宰者
分布：仲裁人(86%)，主宰者(14%)
→ar同前缀ad-, 去，往。词根bain，同词根ven, 走，-t，过去分词格，见acrobat。指走来充当裁判的第三个人。
仲裁人;泰斗(arbit+er表示人)[arbit(r)=judge,表示"判断"]
【记】arbit判断，裁决，er表示人－能作裁决的人－权威，仲裁人
US ['ɑ:r.bɪ.tˌɚ] noun countable
■someone who makes a judgment or solves an argument or decides what will be done 仲裁人，公断人，裁决人；权威人士
• the arbiters of fashion/taste 时装／鉴赏权威
• The government will be the final arbiter in the dispute over the new road. 政府将对新建道路引发的争端作出最终裁决。
n. [法] 仲裁者；裁决人
 - intermediary, pacificator

Word: assimilate
Front: assimilate
[əˈsɪməleɪt] (研六托雅宝 9426/8860 -1)
Vocabulary: assimilate
(once / 1094 pages)
1v 2v
If you are trying to fit in, you are trying to assimilate.
Imported from Latin, assimilate has the word similar within it and in fact, means "to become like something else." If someone moves to another country, he or she will need to assimilate by adapting to and taking in the language, culture and customs of the new place. You can also turn the phrase around to say that a country assimilates immigrants, which means that a place accepts immigrants and allows them to adapt easily. In scientific use, the body assimilates nutrients as a part of digestion.
WORD FAMILY
assimilate: assimilable, assimilated, assimilates, assimilating, assimilation, assimilative, assimilator, assimilatory+/ assimilation: assimilations/assimilator: assimilators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rather than trying to win converts or assimilating in their new home, Parsis formed self-contained communities that effectively barred intermarriage.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
All of them - including the followers of the Islamic faith are warm friendly people who are very eager to assimilate into American society.
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
But the immigrant reactions to this foreign culture are not monolithic, ranging from an eagerness to assimilate to a desperate need to return home.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vi. 吸收， 消化; 同化
vt. 透彻理解; 使吸收
时态：assimilated, assimilating, assimilates
分布：吸收(94%)，使同化(6%)
→前缀as-同ad-. 词根sem, 一，同same.
吸收;同化(as+simil相同+ate→成为相同→同化)[ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示"一再"等加强意]
同化;贯通(as不断+simil+ate→不断相同→同化)[simil,simul,sembl=alike,same表示"相类似,一样"]
vt.吸收,消化;使同化vi.被吸收;被同化People of different nationalities often take years to be assimilated into a country.不同国籍的人常要过一段时间才会为某个国家所同化.
【参】simulate（vt 模拟，冒充）；similarity（n 相似性）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to take in, fit into, or become similar (to) 吸收；融入；加入；（使）同化
• The European Union should remain flexible enough to assimilate more countries quickly. 欧盟应该保持足够的灵活性，以加快步伐吸收更多的国家为其成员。
• You shouldn't expect immigrants to assimilate into an alien culture immediately. 你不应该指望移民能够马上融入一种外国文化中。
• It's hard to assimilate (= learn and understand) so much information. 很难吸收这么多的资讯。
• In this form vitamins can be easily assimilated by the body. 在这种形态下，维他命非常易于身体吸收。
vt. 吸收；使同化；把…比作；使相似
 - absorb, drink in
vi. 吸收；同化
 - drink in, suck up

Word: bulldoze
Front: bulldoze
[ˈbʊldəʊz] (16695/20688)
Back: vt. 强迫（某人做某事）(-sb +into doing sth); （用推土机）推倒; 铲平; （使）强行通过
时态：bulldozed, bulldozing, bulldozes
分布：威胁(44%)，强迫(28%)，强力推动某物(14%)，毁坏(14%)
→bull, 牛。doze, 给予，见donate，捐赠，给予。即给不听话的牛一顿打。
US [-doʊz] verb transitive
■to destroy buildings and make an area flat with a bulldozer （用推土机）推平，铲平
• The township was bulldozed (flat) in the 1950s. 这个小镇在20世纪50年代被夷为平地。
■to force someone to do something, although they might not want to 强迫（某人做某事）
• She bulldozed her daughter into buying a new dress. 她逼着她的女儿去买条新裙子。
vt. 强迫；恫吓；用推土机清除
 - force, enforce

Word: caterpillar
Front: caterpillar
[ˈkætəpɪlə(r)] (托宝 13163/10524 -1)
Vocabulary: caterpillar
(once / 3026 pages)
n
A caterpillar is a fuzzy, worm-like insect that transforms into a butterfly or a moth. Many caterpillars are striped and colorful.
A caterpillar is officially the larva, or immature form, of a flying insect — generally, a butterfly. Because caterpillars are growing rapidly, they tend to eat constantly, and for this reason they're considered pests by gardeners and farmers. The word caterpillar comes from the Old North French caterpilose, literally "shaggy cat," from the Late Latin catta, "cat," and pilosus, "hairy" or "shaggy."
WORD FAMILY
caterpillar: caterpillars
USAGE EXAMPLES
He saw this caterpillar on a flower and encouraged it on to a piece of rolled dry straw.
BBC(Nov 28, 2016)
Kids as young as 3 can “write” code by snapping together a $50 toy caterpillar.
Washington Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Monarchs lay their eggs exclusively on milkweed, which provides nectar for adult butterflies and imbues feeding caterpillars with a toxin that protects them from birds.
Washington Times(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: n. 毛虫; 履带; 履带拖拉机
分布：毛虫(97%)，主要经营工业农业设备)(1%)，卡特彼勒(财富500强公司之一(1%)，总部所在地美国(1%)
→cat, 猫。-pil, 毛，词源同peel, depilatory(脱毛)。因其毛如猫毛而得名。
【记】cater（v 迎合），pillar（n 柱子）：毛毛虫喜欢帕柱子，所以要迎合柱子。
US ['kætˌ.ɚ.pɪl.ɚ] noun countable
■a small, long animal with many legs, which feeds on the leaves of plants, and develops into a butterfly or moth 毛虫，蠋（蝴蝶或飞蛾的幼虫）
n. [无脊椎] 毛虫； [车辆] 履带车
 - palmerworm, eruca

Word: cuisine
Front: cuisine
[kwɪˈzi:n] (高托宝 6403/10574)
Vocabulary: cuisine
(once / 4114 pages)
n
Cuisine is a type of food that is cooked in a specific way based on a culture's ingredients, region, and traditions. If you're craving cannoli, a visit to Chinatown doesn't make much sense, since cheese is more characteristic of Italian cuisine.
Boiling an egg or flipping burgers on the grill is cooking. But if you want to create cuisine, you need to understand how to prepare the culinary specialties of a particular country or culture. To make Italian cuisine, for example, you'll need to chop garlic, roll out pasta dough, and simmer pots of tomato sauce. When the word "fine" is attached to cuisine, it describes the food at a fancy restaurant that will part you with a good portion of your money.
WORD FAMILY
cuisine: cuisines
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s a business decision that ignores the culinary tradition of Roman cuisine,” he said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“There are 33 separate recipes, preserved on three different cuneiform tablets,” said Tate Paulette, a postdoctoral fellow at Brown University who studies Mesopotamian cuisine.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“Yoshoku” is the term used to describe the absorption of American and European dishes into Japanese cuisine.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 烹饪，烹调法; 菜肴
分布：烹饪(76%)，佳肴(24%)
→词源同cook,culinary.
【记】大家背单词不要太辛苦，该吃饭了，cui拼：催你妈妈烹饪吧！放心cui开头的就一个。记这三个字母就行了。Cuis＝cul都是厨房的词根
noun uncountable
■a style of cooking 烹饪，烹调
• French cuisine 法式烹饪
⇒ See also haute cuisine;nouvelle cuisine
n. 烹饪，烹调法
 - cooking

Word: counterweight
Front: counterweight
[ˈkaʊntəweɪt] (19133/24371)
Back: n. 平衡物，称锤，平衡力
分布：平衡力(40%)，平衡物(32%)，砝码(28%)
US [-tˌɚ-] noun countable
■a weight that is as heavy as something else, so that the two objects can balance 平衡重，平衡锤，砝码
n. [机] 平衡力；平衡物
 - make weight, equilibrant

Word: embezzlement
Front: embezzlement
[ɪm'bezlmənt] (宝 21122/23218 -1)
Vocabulary: embezzlement
(once / 9486 pages)
n
If you are glee club treasurer, and you pocket twenty glee dollars saying you used it to buy lozenges, you are committing embezzlement, the theft of money or property that you officially manage.
In order for stealing to be embezzlement, you need to both be in charge of the funds or property you are stealing, and you need to conceal your theft. Because of this, it is classified as a type of fraud. People who commit embezzlement often create fake paper trails — receipts, canceled checks, false signatures — to hide their crime.
WORD FAMILY
embezzlement: embezzlements+/ embezzle: embezzled, embezzlement, embezzler, embezzles, embezzling/embezzler: embezzlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Obiang is expected to plead not guilty to charges of laundering the proceeds of corruption, embezzlement and misuse of public funds.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
At the same time, Lotte’s top executives were under investigation on tax evasion and embezzlement charges.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But his leadership was challenged by embezzlement scandals and other embarrassments, including an FBI investigation of top university officials for alleged misuse of federal money.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 盗用，挪用; 贪污; 侵吞公款; 侵占
分布：挪用(51%)，盗用(33%)，侵占(16%)
贪污,侵吞(embezzle盗用)[-ment 1.表名词"行为或结果"2.表示具体物]
n. 侵占；挪用； [法] 盗用
 - appropriation, malversation

Word: empathy
Front: empathy
[ˈempəθi] (宝 7585/11912 -1)
Vocabulary: empathy
(once / 5786 pages)
n
Use empathy if you're looking for a noun meaning "the ability to identify with another's feelings."
When Bill Clinton famously told people "I feel your pain" during his 1992 election campaign, some praised and others ridiculed him for displaying empathy, the sharing or understanding of feelings. Empathy is different from sympathy, which is pity or sorrow for others' misfortunes. They share a common root in -pathy, from the Greek pathos, "feeling." Where they differ is in their prefixes: sym- means "with," while em- means "in." If you can empathize with someone, it's because you have been in their place: you've "walked a mile in their shoes," as the saying goes.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
empathy / sympathy
Empathy is heartbreaking — you experience other people's pain and joy. Sympathy is easier because you just have to feel sorry for someone. Send a sympathy card if someone's cat died; feel empathy if your cat died, too.
Empathy was first used to describe how a viewer's appreciation of art depends on her ability to project her personality onto the art. These days it applies to anything you can basically "project your personality" on. When you feel what someone else feels, that's empathy. It's a good skill for doctors, actors, and characters from Star Trek:
Nearly all medical schools teach the importance of listening to patients and showing empathy. (New York Times)
"I've always thought of acting as more of an exercise in empathy." (Edward Norton)
In Star Trek: The Next Generation, Commander Deanna Troi was an empath: she could psychically sense other people's emotions. She experienced their emotions as they did.
Sympathy is an older word, from the Greek sympatheia, for "having a fellow feeling." It's a snuggly, comforting word. It's nice to get sympathy if you're feeling under the weather. To feel sympathy for someone is to feel bad for them:
This has already proved effective at drawing attention and sympathy. (Slate)
Police show no sympathy for "polite bandit." (Chicago Tribune)
So many dramas resort to cadging sympathy for their troubled characters by killing off loved ones. (Time)
If you're feeling empathy, you're in (em) the feeling. If it's sympathy, you're feeling sorry for someone.
WORD FAMILY
empathy: empathetic, empathies, empathise, empathize +/ empathetic: empathetically/ empathize: empathized, empathizes, empathizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The magazine article did an excellent job of presenting the complex issue of “mass shooter preparedness training” with empathy, intelligence and a lack of judgment.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
One thing that seems to be common in people with Down’s syndrome is a high level of emotional intelligence and incredible empathy.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Sanders is right to slam the author for compartmentalizing empathy.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. <心>移情作用; 同感，共鸣; 神入
分布：共鸣(56%)，移情作用(44%)
→em-, 进入，使。-path, 感情，词源同passion, sympathy.
感情相融的(em+pathy感情→进入感情)[em-,en-①表示"进入…之中,包围"②表示"使…进入状态"]
【参】antipathy（n 憎恶；反感）；apathetic（adj 缺乏感情的；无动于衷的）
noun uncountable
■the ability to share someone else's feelings or experiences by imagining what it would be like to be in their situation 同情；同感，共鸣 Compare sympathy

Word: flour
Front: flour
[ˈflaʊə(r)] (高研四六托雅 3429/5355 -K2)
Vocabulary: flour
(once / 275 pages)
nv
Flour is a fine, powdery ingredient that's used to bake bread and cake and is made by grinding wheat or other grains. A traditional pound cake is made with a pound of flour.
You'll need flour when you bake almost anything, and while flour is usually made from wheat, you can also buy rice flour, corn flour, and may other kinds. When you sprinkle flour on the counter before kneading bread dough, you flour it. Flour comes from its homophone, flower, from the sense of "the finest or loveliest part of the meal," just as a flower is the finest part of a plant.
WORD FAMILY
flour: floured, flouring, flours, floury
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then his mother was laid off from a flour plant, and they were evicted from their home.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In a large bowl, whisk together the cornmeal, flour, sugar, baking powder and salt.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Place the flour in a separate, similar bowl.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 面粉
vt. 撒上粉
时态：floured, flouring, flours
分布：面粉(97%)，粉末(1%)，撒上粉(1%)，研成粉末(1%)
→来自词根flor, 花，词源同flower. 面粉义来自其比喻义花粉，精华。
n.面粉The sour vapour pours into the flourishing flour factory. It's the source of resources.酸蒸汽涌进兴旺的面粉厂.这是资源的源泉.
US [flaʊɚ] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■powder made from grain, especially wheat, used for making bread, cakes, pasta, pastry, etc. （谷物磨成的）粉；（尤指）小麦粉
⇒ See also cornflour
UK [flaʊər] US [flaʊɚ] verb transitive
■to put flour on a surface to prevent food from sticking 在…上撒面粉
• Grease and flour the tins thoroughly. 细细地给烤盘涂一层油脂并撒满面粉。
n. [粮食] 面粉；粉状物质
 - wheat meal

Word: disintegration
Front: disintegration
[dɪsˌɪntɪ'ɡreɪʃn] (12087/11449)
Vocabulary: disintegration
(once / 3445 pages)
n
Disintegration is when one thing splits into parts or just ceases to exist. When something is destroyed, broken up into pieces, or falls apart on its own, that’s disintegration.
If you know that integration brings things or people together, you won't be surprised that disintegration means things are coming apart. Disintegration is what happens when a company breaks into smaller companies or when a band splits up. Often, disintegration is physical — a bomb could cause the disintegration of its target. The decomposition (rotting) of a body is an example of disintegration. When something radioactive decays, that's disintegration, too. Disintegration is when it all falls apart.
WORD FAMILY
disintegration: disintegrations+/ disintegrate: disintegrable, disintegrated, disintegrates, disintegrating, disintegration, disintegrative/disintegrative: disintegratively/ integral: integrality, integrally, integrals, integrate / integrate: disintegrate, integrated, integrates, integrating, integration, integrative, integrator, reintegrate/ integrated: nonintegrated, unintegrated/ integration: integrations/integrator: integrators/reintegrate: reintegrated, reintegrates, reintegrating
USAGE EXAMPLES
The disintegration of these societies in Iraq and Syria is the consequence of modern politics.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
We see the family’s disintegration in flashback: Galen, his wife and little Jyn are living, simply, as farmers, more or less.
Time(Dec 13, 2016)
North of Bolzano, the Brenner Pass linking Italy and Austria is a symbol both of Europe’s openness and of its threatened disintegration.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 瓦解; 崩溃; <物>裂变; 蜕变
分布：瓦解(100%)
瓦解;分裂[inter=whole,表示"完整"]
VERB
崩溃;瓦解
If something disintegrates, it becomes seriously weakened, and is divided or destroyed.
例：During October 1918 the Austro-Hungarian Empire began to disintegrate.在 1918 年 10 月间，奥匈帝国开始瓦解。
VERB
碎裂;分裂;粉碎
If an object or substance disintegrates, it breaks into many small pieces or parts and is destroyed.
例：At 420mph the windscreen disintegrated.挡风玻璃在时速420英里时破碎。
n. 瓦解，崩溃；分解
 - analysis, decomposition, crash

Word: hillside
Front: hillside
[ˈhɪlsaɪd] (高四六 6756/6497 -1)
Back: n. （小山的）山坡; 山腰
分布：山坡(83%)，山腰(17%)
noun countable
■the sloping surface of a hill, rather than the level surface at the top of it （小山的）山坡，山腰
n. 山坡，山腹；山腰
 - mountainside, brae

Word: improper
Front: improper
[ɪmˈprɒpə(r)] (六 8245/9633 -1)
Vocabulary: improper
(once / 731 pages)
adj
Improper words and actions are inappropriate. They're not suited to the occasion or done in polite company. They’re just not proper!
Surprise! Improper is the opposite of proper. Something that’s improper goes against what people think is right. This could be a matter of politeness. For example, not giving up your seat for an elderly person is improper. Or it could be more serious, like going to school with no pants on. It could also be something uncool like meeting your best friend’s boyfriend for coffee without telling her. All improper things are wrong in someone's eyes.
WORD FAMILY
improper: improperly, improperness+/ proper: improper, properer, properest, properly, properness
USAGE EXAMPLES
A Facebook spokesman says the company reviews reports of improper use quickly, often within 24 hours.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Setting minimum sale prices is common in many markets but lawyers say Chinese regulators appear to regard it as an improper restraint on competition.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Sheets was accused of improper disbursements, including repeated use of a county gas card for personal use.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 不合适的，非正常的; 不正确的; 不正派的，不合礼仪的; 不道德的
分布：不合适的(46%)，错误的(42%)，不道德的(12%)
→im-,不，非，proper,合适的，诚实的。
不适当的(im不+proper适当的)[proper,propri=one's own表示"拥有",引申为"恰当的"]
US [-'prɑ:.pɚ] adjective
DISHONEST 不诚实的 formal
■dishonest and against a law or a rule 违法的；违规的；不正当的
• The governor has denied making improper use of state money. 州长否认非法挪用州政府的资金。
UK [ɪm'prɒp.ər] US [-'prɑ:.pɚ] adjective
WRONG 错误的 slightly formal
■unsuitable or not correct for a particular use or occasion 不适当的，不合适的；错误的
• improper prescription of medicines 错误的药方
• Is it considered improper to wear such a short skirt to a formal occasion? 正式场合穿这么短的裙子是不是不合适？
UK [ɪm'prɒp.ər] US [-'prɑ:.pɚ] adjective
RUDE 粗鲁的
■related to sex in a way that is rude or socially unacceptable （在性方面）粗鲁的；不能为社会接受的，不成体统的
• I trust you're not making improper suggestions to my husband! 我希望你不是在挑逗我丈夫！
illegal, improbable, illogical, improper
illegal: 非法的
improbable: 不大可能发生的
illogical: 不符合逻辑的
improper: 不适当的
adj. 不正确的，错误的；不适当的；不合礼仪的
 - false, wrong, incorrect, unhappy, inadequate

Word: literate
Front: literate
[ˈlɪtərət] (研托宝 12067/12088 -1)
Vocabulary: literate
(once / 668 pages)
adjn
If you're literate you can read and write, and since you're reading this, that's what you are.
Literate can also mean more than just being able to read and write, but being really fluent in a field. If you're "computer literate," you know how to use a computer with ease. If you're up on the latest advances in science, you're "scientifically literate." If people describe you admiringly as literate, they think you're widely read and know a lot about lots of different fields. The opposite of literate is illiterate.
WORD FAMILY
literate: illiterate, literacy, literately, literates, nonliterate, preliterate, semiliterate+/ illiteracy: illiteracies/ illiterate: illiteracy, illiterately, illiterates/ literacy: literacies
USAGE EXAMPLES
He called the "Ghostbusters" star "barely literate" and accused her of playing the victim when she complained about being harassed.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A literate epic that utilizes both pageantry and splendid language, "Lion" — now digitally restored — was nominated for seven Oscars, including best picture, in 1969.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
“Before that, I was not very literate in that world.”
The New Yorker(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 有读写能力的; 有文化修养的
n. 识字的人; 有学问的人
分布：有读写能力的(25%)，精通文学的(20%)，识字的人(17%)，受过教育的人(13%)，博学的(13%)，博学的人(6%)，优美的(6%)
→来自拉丁语litera,书写，字母，词源同letter.引申词义有读写能力的。
识字的(liter+ate)[liter=letter,表示"文字,字母"]
【参】literati（n 文人；文学界）
US ['lɪtˌ.ɚ-] adjective
■able to read and write 识字的，会读写的
■having knowledge of a particular subject, or a particular type of knowledge 掌握（某个领域或某方面）知识的；通晓…的
• computer literate 懂电脑的
adj. 受过教育的；精通文学的
 - educated
n. 学者
 - student, scholar, academic

Word: mattress
Front: mattress
[ˈmætrəs] (宝 6001/7193 -1)
Vocabulary: mattress
(once / 1271 pages)
n
Your mattress is the padded part of your bed that rests on top of the frame or box springs and is covered in a sheet. Some people prefer a soft, squishy mattress, while others like their mattresses firm.
Some mattresses have a system of springs inside to provide just the right amount of firmness and bounce when you lie on them. Others are made of a dense kind of foam that supports a sleeper's body comfortably. The earliest mattresses were filled with straw or horse hair, and in many societies people don't sleep on mattresses at all, instead using mats or futons. The Arabic root of mattress is al-matrah, "thing thrown down."
WORD FAMILY
mattress: mattresses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Presidents Day is Feb. 20, so hold off for a month if you’re in the market for a new mattress.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“They were howling at the moon, eating their mattresses and setting fires.”
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Department of Labor to pay the workers who sew and load mattresses.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 床垫; 褥垫; 空气垫; [建]沉排
分布：床垫(100%)
→来自古法语materas,来自拉丁语matracium,借自阿拉伯语al-matrah,垫子，字面意思即扔下去的，扔在地上的，来自al,定冠词the,-ma,方位格前缀，词源同mosque,taraha,扔下，词源同tarot,塔罗牌。
床垫(mat垫子)[-ress 1.表名词,指"女性"2.表名词,指"物品"]
【记】源于：mat（n 席子）
noun countable
■the part of a bed, made of a strong cloth cover filled with firm material, which makes the bed comfortable to lie on 床垫，褥垫
n. 床垫；褥子；空气垫
 - bedpad

Word: regroup
Front: regroup
[ˌri:ˈgru:p] (14053/19517 -1)
Vocabulary: regroup
(once / 10563 pages)
v
When you regroup, you shuffle things around and structure or organize them in a new way. After an out-of-control day at camp, the counselors might want to regroup and make a new plan for the next day.
People tend to regroup after some kind of defeat, loss, or difficulty. Armies need to regroup after losing on the battlefield, and football teams will regroup at halftime after a difficult first half. You can also use words like reorganize or restructure, or even mobilize to substitute for the verb regroup.
WORD FAMILY
regroup: regrouped, regrouping, regroups+/ group: grouped, grouper, grouping, groups, intragroup, regroup, subgroup/grouper: groupers/grouping: groupings/subgroup: subgroups
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It used to be a time to breathe, regroup and rehire,” he said.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Wildcats regrouped to win seven of their final 11 games - highlighted by a 41-38 upset at rival and then-No.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Wildcats regrouped to win seven of their final 11 games — highlighted by a 41-38 upset at rival and then-No.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 重新组合; 重新分类; [军]重新编制; 重新部署
vi. 重新聚集; 重新组合; 重新编制; 重新部署
时态：regrouped, regrouping, regroups
分布：重新组合(46%)，重新部署(28%)，重新编制(26%)
→re-,再，重新，group,组织，群体。
V-ERG
(将…)重新组合;（尤指将士兵）重新整编
When people, especially soldiers, regroup, or when someone regroups them, they form an organized group again, in order to continue fighting.
例：Now the rebel army has regrouped and reorganised...现在叛军已经进行了重新整编。
例：The rebels may simply be using the truce to regroup their forces.叛军可能只想利用停火重新组织他们的军事力量。
vt. 重组；重新部署
 - recombine, shake up

Word: quagmire
Front: quagmire
[ˈkwægmaɪə(r)] (宝 16401/22373 -1)
Vocabulary: quagmire
(once / 6043 pages)
n
A quagmire is a dangerous place, like the muddy shoreline of a pond. Because it's so hard to climb out of a quagmire, the word has also come to also mean any difficult or sticky situation you find yourself in.
Long ago, quag was a synonym for "bog" or "marsh," a swampy area where water seems to sit instead of drain out. Mire is another word to describe such a place. As a verb mire means "stuck," like someone who's mired in quicksand or mired in work — both prevent you from going anywhere. In a quagmire, you get stuck physically — or, even more commonly, in a situation that is hard to escape because there is no easy solution.
WORD FAMILY
quagmire: quagmires
USAGE EXAMPLES
Other than that, it is good that we did not get any more involved in the Syrian quagmire than we did.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Russia’s Mideast muscle-flexing carries risks of getting bogged down militarily in regional quagmires.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
"As unfortunate as it is, I understand the quagmire," Trump told the Times.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 沼泽地; 泥潭; 无法脱身的困境
分布：沼泽(90%)，绝境(10%)
→quag,泥沼，mire,沼泽。两个单词实质上表达的是一个意思，比较lukewarm.
【记】quag（n 沼泽），mire（n 泥潭）：mi密，re热－又密又热的地方－沼泽
US ['kwæg.maɪr] noun countable
■an area of soft wet ground which you sink into if you try and walk on it 沼泽地，泥潭
• At the end of the match, the pitch was a real quagmire. 在比赛的最后阶段，场地是一片泥泞。
■a difficult and dangerous situation 困境，危险的境地
• Since the coup, the country has sunk deeper into a quagmire of violence and lawlessness. 自政变以来，该国陷入了暴力肆虐、无法无天的境地，而且情况越来越严重。
n. [地理] 沼泽，沼泽地；无法脱身的困境
 - wetland, cienaga

Word: relocation
Front: relocation
[ˌri:ləʊ'keɪʃn] (10541/9235)
Vocabulary: relocation
(once / 13162 pages)
n
Use the noun relocation to describe moving from one place to another, like a family's relocation that forced them to leave behind old friends but gave them the opportunity to make new ones in a different city.
When you look at relocation you notice the word locate, which comes from the Latin word locus, meaning "place." Then look at the affixes — re- means "again" and -ion means "the act of." When you put it all together, relocation means "the act of placing again." If you refer to your relocation, you're describing putting yourself in a new place.
WORD FAMILY
relocation: relocations+/bilocation: bilocations/ dislocate: dislocated, dislocates, dislocating, dislocation/dislocation: dislocations/ locate: dislocate, located, locater, locates, locating, location, locator, relocate /located: unlocated/locater: locaters/ location: bilocation, locations/locator: locators/ relocate: relocated, relocates, relocating, relocation
USAGE EXAMPLES
The relocation should be the city’s No. 1 goal.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Major construction begins in June, with utility relocations that will block streets.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Wildlife biologist Rachael Alderman, from the Marine Conservation Program, said the relocation happened without incident after the sedative wore off.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 迁移; 再定位
分布：重新安置(60%)，重新配置(20%)，再定位(20%)
V-ERG
（使）迁移;（使）搬迁;重新安置
If people or businesses relocate or if someone relocates them, they move to a different place.
例：If the company was to relocate, most employees would move...如果这个公司要搬迁，多数员工也要搬家。
例：Ray Bonner first relocated to Africa several years ago...雷·邦纳在几年前先搬到了非洲。
n. 重新安置；再布置，变换布置
 - resettlement

Word: sociology
Front: sociology
[ˌsəʊsiˈɒlədʒi] (研六雅 8002/3612 -2)
Vocabulary: sociology
(once / 1165 pages)
n
Sociology is the study of human cultures, communities, and societies. Sociology attempts to explain how a society works, whether that society is a native tribe in the Amazon or an old folks’ home in Nebraska.
Sociology is one of the social — sometimes called soft — sciences. It's the study of human actions and interactions. People who study sociology — sociologists — look at how people interact in groups and what kinds of religions, governments, schools, and other ways of life they create. While psychology looks mostly at individuals, sociology looks at people in groups.
WORD FAMILY
sociology: sociological, sociologist+/sociological: sociologically/sociologist: sociologists
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was a tour de force of economics, history and sociology.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
A 2016 University of Cincinnati graduate with a bachelor’s degree in neuroscience, Nkadi is now pursuing a double master’s degree in sociology and business administration.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Berman taught history and sociology at a wide variety of universities throughout North American before settling into his retirement in Mexico.
Salon(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 社会学; 群体生态学
分布：社会学(100%)
→socio-,社会的，-logy,学说。
社会学(soc+io+logy学科)[soc=companion表示"同伴",引申为"社会"]
n.社会学
US [ˌsoʊ.si'ɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
■the study of the relationships between people living in groups, especially in industrial societies 社会学，社会关系研究
• She has a degree in sociology and politics. 她拥有社会学和政治学学位。
• He specializes in the sociology of education/law/the family. 他专门研究教育／法律／家庭社会学。
n. 社会学；群体生态学
 - demotics, synecology

Word: rotation
Front: rotation
[rəʊˈteɪʃn] (四六托 5230/6205)
Vocabulary: rotation
(once / 1128 pages)
1n 2n
When something turns like a wheel, over and over again, it's in rotation. You can't feel the earth's rotation even though you know it's happening.
Even if you find the rotation of clothes in the dryer comforting, it's best to remain on the outside looking in. Rotation can also mean a series that repeats. A baseball team has a "pitching rotation" (five pitchers who take turns starting games), while a song that's on the radio every fifteen minutes is on "heavy rotation."
WORD FAMILY
rotation: rotational, rotations+/ rotate: rotatable, rotated, rotates, rotating, rotation, rotatory/rotational: rotationally
USAGE EXAMPLES
The second was added to compensate for a slowdown in the earth's rotation and helps to co-ordinate time-keeping among nations that use GMT.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
That is why it helps to include peas or beans in crop rotation.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
The season runs from May through October with a main attraction being daily street bullfights hosted through a rotation of sponsoring villages.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 旋转，转动; 轮流，循环; [农]轮作; [天]自转
分布：旋转(95%)，循环(5%)
【记】源于：rotate（v 使旋转）
US [roʊ-] noun
uncountable
■when something moves in a circle around a fixed point （尤指围绕一个固定点）（使）旋转，（使）转动
• the speed of rotation 转速
countable
■a complete circular movement around a fixed point 旋转
• The Earth completes 366 rotations about its axis in every leap year. 在每一个闰年里，地球绕地轴自转366圈。
countable or uncountable
■when farmers regularly change which crops they grow in a field 轮作；轮耕（农民有规律地改变田里种植的农作物）
• crop rotation 轮作；轮耕；轮植
uncountable
■when different people do the same job at different times 轮班（不同的人在不同的时间做相同的工作）
• the rotation of key positions such as that of chairman 轮值（重要职务如主席等的轮流担任）
UK [rəʊ'teɪ.ʃən] US [roʊ-] noun
in rotation
■one after the other, in a regular order 轮换，轮流，交替
• There are ten employees and they do the various jobs in rotation. 有十名员工，他们轮流做各种工作。
n. 旋转；循环，轮流
 - revolution, rolling, circulation, turning, cycle

Word: thein

Word: suffocate
Front: suffocate
[ˈsʌfəkeɪt] (宝 12526/13924 -1)
Vocabulary: suffocate
(once / 1046 pages)
v
When you suffocate, you struggle for breath, either because you’re being choked to death or because you’re in a stifling room. You can also suffocate in a figurative sense anytime something is restricted.
Suffocate can also mean to die from lack of oxygen. If you’re a miner who gets trapped in a collapsed mine, you'll likely suffocate. Less seriously, if the ventilation system is turned off in your school, you might feel as though you'll suffocate. And if your art teacher insists that you produce Dadaist paintings, you may feel that she's trying to suffocate your talent.
WORD FAMILY
suffocate: suffocated, suffocates, suffocating, suffocation, suffocative+/suffocating: suffocatingly/suffocation: suffocations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Traditionally a grave disappointment, New Year’s Eve is at least a time to cut loose and escape the suffocating, sprout-scented stranglehold of the family Christmas.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Police say the woman intentionally suffocated her son, John, who most likely died of asphyxiation.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
They say the girl suffocated after lighting a fire to keep warm.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使某人）窒息而死; （将某人）闷死; 阻碍
vi. 呼吸困难，窒息; 受扼制; 受阻（发展不了）
时态：suffocated, suffocating, suffocates
分布：窒息(82%)，使窒息(5%)，阻碍(5%)，窒息而亡(4%)，阻碍发展(2%)，使缺氧(2%)
→来自拉丁语 suffocare,窒息，扼住咽喉，来自 suf-,在下，fauces,喉咙，词源同 faucet,水龙头。
窒息(suf+foc喉咙＋ate→把(手)放喉咙下→窒息)[suc-,suf-,sup-,sur-等在同辅音词根前表示"在…下面"]
【记】suf下面，foc喉咙，ate－卡住喉咙下面－使…窒息
verb intransitive or transitive
DIE 死
■to (cause someone to) die because they do not have enough oxygen （使）窒息而死；（使）闷死
• The report said that the victims had suffocated in the fumes. 报告说那些受害者是被烟熏死的。
• She suffocated him by holding a pillow over his head. 她用枕头压在他的头上，把他闷死。
['sʌf.ə.keɪt] verb intransitive or transitive
PREVENT 阻止
■to prevent something or someone from improving or developing in a positive way 束缚，阻止…的发展；遏制
vi. 受阻，受扼制；窒息
 - choke
vt. 压制，阻碍；使……窒息
 - silence, slow

Word: annul
Front: annul
[əˈnʌl] (托宝 21724/20852)
Vocabulary: annul
(once / 2092 pages)
v
When a celebrity wakes up in Las Vegas with a mysterious wedding ring on her finger, the first thing she’ll probably want to do is annul the marriage. That will declare it invalid and officially cancel the whole deal.
Annul, which means “to cancel” or “to invalidate,” is usually used in the context of politics or marriage. New government officials often want to annul laws and policies of the previous post-holder, effectively reversing their work. When you annul a marriage, you are officially declaring it invalid, as if it never happened. In the case of the unfortunate celebrity marriage, however, it could be difficult to completely erase all record of the event — especially if the tabloids hear about it.
WORD FAMILY
annul: annulated, annuled, annuling, annulled, annulling, annulment, annuls+/ annulment: annulments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Another new law allows people to petition to annul records of criminal convictions, if the conviction was later vacated by a court.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
After first accepting defeat, the president is now threatening to annul the election results.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The weakest protest holds that any noxious views are mitigated, or even annulled, by the greatness of Bach’s music.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 宣告无效; 取消; 使消失; 抹去
时态：annulled, annulling, annuls
分布：取消(53%)，废除(29%)，宣告无效(14%)，消减(4%)
→an-,去，往，-nul,零，词源同nil,零。
取消,废除(an加强+nul[=null]→强调没有→取消)[null=none,表示"没有"]
【记】读：a no－一个no－宣告无效
【反】make legal（合法化）；reaffirm（vt 重申；再肯定）
[ə'nʌl] (-ll-) legal
verb transitive
■to officially announce that something such as a law, agreement, or marriage no longer exists 废除，取消（法律、协议等）；宣布（婚姻）无效
• His second marriage was annulled because he never divorced his first wife. 他的第二次婚姻被判无效，因为他从未与第一个妻子离婚。
vt. 取消；废除；宣告无效
 - recall, abolish

Word: vindication
Front: vindication
[ˌvɪndɪ'keɪʃn] (宝 16226/19642)
Vocabulary: vindication
(once / 2181 pages)
n
Vindication is a sweet thing — when you get vindication, you've been proven right or justified in doing something. Everyone accused of a crime craves vindication.
Vindication is good, but it can only come after something bad, like being accused of something you didn't do. If a teacher thought you cheated, but then announced to the whole class that you didn't, you're getting vindication. An accused criminal who is exonerated — cleared of the crime — gets vindication. If you believe something crazy — like that your underdog sports team could win a championship — and it comes true, that's a vindication of your beliefs.
WORD FAMILY
vindication: vindications+/ vindicate: vindicated, vindicates, vindicating, vindication, vindicator, vindicatory/vindicator: vindicators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those who opposed Mr. Trump should continue to call attention to these things — not to claim vindication, but to press for a different approach.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
For California Bay Area energy entrepreneur Michael Petras, Monday's arrests brought some sense of vindication.
Reuters(Dec 24, 2016)
What kind of contemptible individual mixes horror with vindication?
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （对所受到的责难或嫌疑的）澄清，证实，辩护
分布：辩护(64%)，证实(17%)，洗冤(14%)，证明无罪或正确(5%)
VERB
证实;证明…正确;证明…无辜
If a person or their decisions, actions, or ideas are vindicated, they are proved to be correct, after people have said that they were wrong.
例：The director said he had been vindicated by the experts' report...主任说专家们的报告证明了他是正确的。
例：Ministers and officials are confident their decision will be vindicated.部长们和官员们相信他们的决定会被证明是正确的。
n. 辩护；证明无罪
 - apology, justification

Word: unlawful
Front: unlawful
[ʌnˈlɔ:fl] (14207/6194 -1)
Back: adj. 非法的，违法的; 不合法的; 不正当的; 私生的
分布：非法的(80%)，私生的(20%)
US [-'lɑ:-] adjective
■not allowed by law 法律禁止的；违法的
• unlawful possession of guns 非法持枪
adj. [法] 非法的；私生的
 - illegal, unauthorized

Word: bathroom
Front: bathroom
[ˈbɑ:θru:m] (中高研四雅 2404/2821 -K3)
Back: n. 浴室; 盥洗室; （带抽水马桶的）厕所; 卫生间
分布：浴室(100%)
n.浴室;盥洗室,卫生间The bathroom is upstairs.洗澡间在楼上.
US ['bæθ-] noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■a room with a bath and/or shower and often a toilet 浴室，洗澡间；盥洗室
• an ensuite bathroom (= a bathroom joined to a bedroom) 与卧房配套的浴室
 IMPROVER US
■a toilet 厕所
• Where's the bathroom? 厕所在哪里？
UK ['bɑ:θ.rʊm/ UK [-ru:m] US ['bæθ-] noun countable
go to the bathroom US
■to use the toilet 上厕所
• Wait a moment, - I just need to go to the bathroom. 等一下，我要去厕所。
n. 浴室；厕所；盥洗室
 - john, convenience, toilet

Word: auspices
Front: auspices
[ˈɔ:spɪsɪz] (托宝 -/10245 -1)
Vocabulary: auspices
(once / 1919 pages)
n
If an organization authorizes you to do a specific task, even if you don't work for them directly, you are working under their auspices. Auspices means endorsement.
If student volunteers are helping out with disaster relief under the auspices of the Red Cross, they may be registered with the Red Cross or be using their supplies and equipment. The Red Cross is not responsible for them as they would be for their own employees, but they have given the students their blessing.
WORD FAMILY
auspice: auspicate, auspices +/auspicate: auspicated
USAGE EXAMPLES
"These developments should contribute to inclusive and productive intra-Syrian negotiations to be convened under UN auspices on 8 February," he said.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Under his auspices, the Beijing Symphony Orchestra has completed seven European tours.
Economist(Nov 17, 2016)
“It is very well aligned with the research done at Mayo Clinic under the auspices of the Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging.”
Washington Times(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: n. 主办，赞助; 支持，保护; 鸟卜者; 预兆
分布：赞助(90%)，前兆(5%)，名词auspice的复数形式.(5%)
【记】au读：诶哟，spic看－诶哟，快看－赞助的来了
【参】conspicuous（adj 明显的）；suspicious（adj 怀疑的）
US ['ɑ:-] formal
plural noun
under the auspices of sb/sth
■with the protection or support of someone or something, especially an organization 在（尤指某个组织）的保护（或支持）下
• Financial aid is being provided to the country under the auspices of the International Monetary Fund. 在国际货币基金组织的帮助下，这个国家得到了财政援助。
n. 赞助；保护；预兆（auspice的复数）
 - sponsorships, protections

Word: brainy
Front: brainy
[ˈbreɪni] (21205/24961)
Back: adj. 有头脑的，聪明的，多智的
级别：brainier, brainiest
分布：聪明的(87%)，头脑好的(13%)
['breɪ.ni] informal
adjective
■clever 有才能的；十分聪明的
• Sarah was beautiful and brainy. 莎拉美丽又聪明。
adj. 聪明的；脑筋好的；有头脑的
 - intelligent, clever, wise, smart, bright

Word: celtic

Word: columbus
Front: columbus
[kə'lʌmbəs] (-/12372)
Back: n. 哥伦布
分布：哥伦布(意大利航海家(50%)，新大陆发行者)(50%)

Word: deceive
Front: deceive
[dɪˈsi:v] (研四六托雅 8388/6916 -1)
Vocabulary: deceive
(once / 131 pages)
v
To deceive means to trick or lie. A crafty kid might deceive his mother into thinking he has a fever by holding the thermometer to a light bulb to increase the temperature.
Deceive is the trickier cousin of lie. You might lie about why you were late to school. But if you simply don't explain to your mom that you were late in the first place, you are deceiving her. Deceive carries with it a feeling of both craftiness and betrayal. When you deceive someone, forgiveness can be hard to come by. Have you heard of the spelling rule, "i before e except after c" that has so many exceptions? Well, deceive follows that rule.
WORD FAMILY
deceive: deceived, deceiver, deceives, deceiving, deception, deceptive, undeceive+/deceiver: deceivers/deceiving: deceivingly/ deception: deceptions, self-deception/ deceptive: deceptively, deceptiveness/undeceive: undeceived, undeceives, undeceiving
USAGE EXAMPLES
The suspect is facing charges of obstruction, false imprisonment, destruction of private property, impersonation to deceive law enforcement and two out-of-state felony warrants.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
One of them later posted online: "How easy it is to deceive people, and how those who should carefully check information actually don't."
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
This is unusual for a man trained to deceive and mislead, a man who is practiced in his profession.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: v. 欺诈; 误导
时态：deceived, deceiving, deceives
分布：欺骗(92%)，行骗(8%)
→来自deceit, 欺骗。
欺骗[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
v.欺骗,蒙蔽He has deliberately deceived us.他有意地欺骗我们.
【记】刚刚receive了好吃的，就被deceive了，shit！
verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to persuade someone that something false is the truth; to keep the truth hidden from someone for your own advantage; to trick 欺骗，蒙骗；隐瞒
• The company deceived customers by selling old computers as new ones. 该公司用旧电脑冒充新机器欺骗顾客。
• The sound of the door closing deceived me into thinking they had gone out. 关门声让我以为他们己经出门了。
deceive yourself [R]
■to refuse to accept the truth 自欺欺人，欺骗自己
• She thinks he'll come back, but she's deceiving herself. 她认为他会回来，实际上她是在自欺欺人。
[dɪ'si:v] verb transitive
Are my eyes deceiving me?
■something you say when you cannot believe what you see 我眼前的一切是真的吗？
• Is that snow in May, or are my eyes deceiving me? 那是五月雪，是真的吗？
deceive, cheat, hide, conceal
deceive: 不告诉实情
cheat: 不诚实手段获取个人利益；
hide: 不含故意的意思；
conceal: 故意隐藏；
deceive, cheat, trick, fool
这组词都有“欺骗”的意思，其区别是：
deceive: 最普通用词，指用虚假外表使人信以为真，或蓄意歪曲事实，或造成错误印象使人上当受骗。
cheat: 普通用词，指用蒙蔽他人的手段取得所需之物，尤多指在赢利的买卖中欺骗人。
trick: 指用阴谋诡计等骗得信任或得到所需之物。
fool: 指把别人当傻瓜，愚弄欺骗别人。
v. 欺骗；行骗
 - take in sb, give the shaft

Word: criminality
Front: criminality
[ˌkrɪmɪˈnæləti] (17978/17176)
Back: n. 有罪，犯罪，犯罪行为
分布：犯罪(68%)，犯罪行为(27%)，有罪(5%)
N-COUNT
罪犯
A criminal is a person who regularly commits crimes.
例：A group of gunmen attacked a prison and set free nine criminals in Moroto.一伙持枪歹徒袭击了莫罗托的一所监狱，放走了9名罪犯。
ADJ
犯罪的;犯法的
Criminal means connected with crime.
例：Her husband faces various criminal charges...她丈夫面临多项犯罪指控。
例：At 17, he had a criminal record for petty theft...他17岁就有了小偷小摸的犯罪前科。
ADJ
罪过的;严重错误的
If you describe an action as criminal, you think it is very wrong or a serious mistake.
例：He said a full-scale dispute involving strikes would be criminal.他说如果出现罢工等大规模纠纷那将是极不应该的。
n. 有罪，犯罪；犯罪行为
 - guilt, sinfulness

Word: duel
Front: duel
[ˈdju:əl] (宝 12498/14103 -1)
Vocabulary: duel
(once / 531 pages)
nv
A duel is a fight between two people, usually using swords or other weapons. If you tend to be a little cowardly, you're probably glad that people aren't expected to defend their honor with a duel these days.
The classic definition of a duel is the kind that happens all the time in Shakespeare plays: two men clanking swords together in a battle to the death over some issue of honor or betrayal. Today, the word duel can be used to talk about any kind of contest or struggle — like a duel between political candidates. The word duel can be traced back to both duo, Latin for "two," and also duellum, which means "war."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
dual / duel
Seeing double? Not quite! Dual is two, or double, but a duel is a fight. If you're getting sick of your fair-weather friend's dual personality, perhaps you should throw down your glove and challenge him to a duel at high noon.
Dual, which dates from the early 1600s, is borrowed from the Latin dualis, from duo, for two. Dual still means double or two similar parts:
The ego becomes dual, one part active, the other watching and judging. (Max Simon Nordau)
Last night's game had kind of a dual purpose — playing Oregon and sending out this version of Husky Stadium. (Seattle Times)
Duel once referred to an arranged, formal contest to the death between two people, preferably men with handlebar mustaches. These formal contests are no longer practiced, so duel has broadened to mean any contest between two people, teams, or even ideas:
In early days a properly regulated duel was an ordeal showing the judgment of heaven. (Max Simon Nordau)
In a savage duel between the regime and Islamist guerrillas, entire villages were wiped out. (Business Week)
There are dueling pension propositions on Tuesday's ballot. (Washington Post)
Save dual for double, for things that come in pairs, like your hot/cold friend with the dual personality. Use duel for an old timey sword fight, or any modern version of it. Handlebar mustache not required.
WORD FAMILY
duel: dueled, dueler, dueling, duelist, duelled, dueller, duelling, duellist, duels+/dueler: duelers/duelist: duelists/dueller: duellers/duellist: duellists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The band manager leaned in, dueling with the guitars and accordions and booming strains of Mexican norteño music.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
That will involve intricate, and possibly dueling, traffic studies.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
There were also dueling lawsuits, including one accusing the practice of gross mismanagement.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 决斗; 竞争，斗争
vt. 使（另一人）参加决斗; 反对
vi. 参加正式决斗
时态：duelled, duelling, duels
分布：决斗(93%)，斗争(7%)
→来自拉丁语duellum, 战争，打斗，词源同bellicose, Bellona.但后来受拉丁语duo及对骑士精神诗意的向往，引申词义决斗，特指一对一的公平的决斗。
决斗(du+el[=bell斗]→二个人斗→决斗)[du,dub,doub=two,表示"二,双"]
US ['du:.əl] noun
countable
■a formal fight in the past, using guns or swords, arranged between two people as a way of deciding an argument 决斗
• The two men fought a duel over the lady. 两个男人为了这位女士决斗。
• The composer Strauss was once challenged to a duel. 作曲家施特劳斯曾经受到决斗挑战。
countable usually singular
■a difficult competition in which both sides show a lot of effort （激烈的）竞争，斗争
• The two yachts are locked in a duel for the championship title. 两艘大帆船为了夺冠而争得不可开交。
n. 决斗；斗争，抗争
 - war, conflict, battle

Word: defamation
Front: defamation
[ˌdefəˈmeɪʃn] (18769/17187)
Vocabulary: defamation
(once / 9078 pages)
n
Defamation is a dirty trick against someone's reputation. If you were so furious at your friend that you spread a rumor that he was still wetting his bed, that would be defamation of your friend.
The noun defamation describes something very mean and completely deliberate, essentially a false accusation against someone or an attack on a person's good reputation. The terms libel and slander — written or spoken lies about a person, group, or business — both fall under the category of defamation. Sometimes defamation is even a punishable crime, and in every instance it's unkind and malicious.
WORD FAMILY
defamation: defamations+/ defame: defamation, defamatory, defamed, defamer, defames, defaming/defamer: defamers/ fame: defame, fames, famous / famous: famouser, famousest, famously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her link to an anti-Korea group was acknowledged by a court this year in a defamation case she lost.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Her link to a notorious anti-Korea group was acknowledged by a court this year in a defamation case she lost.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Herrman sued the teacher who reported her comments, accusing him of defamation.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 诽谤，中伤
分布：诽谤(83%)，中伤(17%)
【记】de表示一种卑劣的行为，fa＝father，ma＝mother：对你的爸妈做了一种卑劣的行为－诽谤，中伤
【源】defame（v 诽谤）：de使坏，fame名声－使名声坏－诽谤
【参】defamatory（adj 破坏名誉的；诽谤的）
【反】eulogy（n 赞词；颂词）
N-UNCOUNT
诬蔑;诽谤;中伤
Defamation is the damaging of someone's good reputation by saying something bad and untrue about them.
例：He sued for defamation.他以诽谤罪提出起诉。
n. 诽谤；中伤
 - scandal, calumny

Word: kirk
Front: kirk
[kɜ:k] (-/10418)
Back: n. 教会，苏格兰教会
分布：苏格兰教会(100%)
→来自church的苏格兰方言。
US [kɝ:k] noun countable Scottish a church 教堂
the Kirk
■the Church of Scotland 苏格兰教会
n. 教会；苏格兰教会
 - churches, meetinghouse

Word: negligence
Front: negligence
[ˈneglɪdʒəns] (托雅宝 11719/4843)
Vocabulary: negligence
(once / 1315 pages)
n
When you are careless or reckless and you don’t take care of a person, object or situation like you ought to, you are practicing negligence. "Her negligence of the house resulted in its being condemned by the city."
The noun negligence comes from a Latin word that means “carelessness.” Negligence can come in many forms: negligence of one's children can lead to foster care, negligence while driving can cause fatal accidents, negligence of work can lead to the loss of a job, and negligence of nutrition can cause health problems. There is culpability in negligence. Negligence is when one neglects to do things that should be done, and there are usually consequences.
WORD FAMILY
negligence: negligences+/ negligent: negligence, negligenter, negligently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Police are questioning him in connection with negligence.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The evidence showed ordinary negligence, a prosecutor’s letter said, but not “an aggravated kind of negligence or carelessness” required to file felony charges.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Some online called for them to be prosecuted for negligence.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 疏忽; [法]过失; 粗心大意
分布：疏忽(91%)，渎职(7%)，不修边幅(2%)
→来自negligent,疏忽的，失职的。
疏忽,过失(neg没有+lig+ence)[lect,lig=choose,gather表示"选择,收集"]
玩忽职守(neg+lig+ence)[neg=deny,表示"否认"]
疏忽,粗心(neg不+lig选择+ence...不加选择...粗心)[-ence表名词"性质,状态"]
noun uncountable
■when you do not give enough care or attention to someone or something 疏忽，过失
• My mother accuses me of negligence unless I phone her every day. 如果我不每晚给母亲打电话，她就指责我不把她放在心里。
• medical negligence 医疗事故
n. 疏忽；忽视；粗心大意
 - omission, oversight

Word: offing
Front: offing
[ˈɒfɪŋ] (20370/20477)
Back: n. 即将发生
分布：不远的将来(100%)
→来自off,离开，-ing,动名词后缀。
US ['ɑ:.fɪŋ] noun
in the offing
■likely to happen soon 即将来临的；即将发生的
• With an election in the offing, the prime minister is keen to maintain his popularity. 选举在即，首相非常注意保持其声望。

Word: marketer
Front: marketer
['mɑ:kɪtə(r)] (9669/27663 -1)
Back: n. 市场商人; 市场营销人员; <美>在市场中买卖的人
分布：营销商(67%)，市场营销人员(33%)
N-COUNT
做买卖的人;生意人;商人
A marketer is someone whose job involves marketing.

Word: renovate
Front: renovate
[ˈrenəveɪt] (研托宝 8620/11515 -1)
Vocabulary: renovate
(once / 1584 pages)
v
To renovate means to renew or rebuild so that something is in good condition. When you move into an old house, you will probably want to renovate the kitchen and bathrooms.
Most usages of the word renovate revolve around buildings and architecture. During a generation change in a neighborhood, retired people move out and young families move in. They want to give new life to the old house they have bought so they renovate it by painting, redoing the floors, etc. If you renovate a historic building, you restore to its original splendor. Think of this sense of renewal if something renovates your spirits.
WORD FAMILY
renovate: renovated, renovates, renovating, renovation, renovator+/ renovation: renovations/renovator: renovators
USAGE EXAMPLES
It aims to secure tenants, including community and cultural organizations, to renovate and use about 30 military buildings.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Each one is an original work of architecture, newly constructed or newly renovated, that doesn’t look quite like anything else we’ve got.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
A capital campaign is expected to start by June to repair some of the stadium’s original brick structures and renovate the grandstand.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 翻新，修复，整修; 革新，更新; 恢复（精神）
adj. 恢复的，革新的，翻新的
时态：renovated, renovating, renovates
分布：翻新(44%)，革新(31%)，修理(17%)，刷新(8%)
→re-,再，重新，-nov,新的，词源同 new,novel.
翻新(re重新+nov+ate→重新翻新)[nov=new,表示"新的"]
v.更新,修复The machinery in this factory has been renovated.这个工厂的机器全部更新了.
【记】re再，nov＝new，ate：再次变成新的－修复
【反】cause to decay（使腐烂）
verb transitive
■to repair and improve something, especially a building 修复，翻新，整修（尤指建筑物）
• He renovates old houses and sells them at a profit. 他靠翻修老房子再出售赚钱。
vt. 更新；修复；革新；刷新
 - restore, reform

Word: plod
Front: plod
[plɒd] (宝 15975/14662 -1)
Vocabulary: plod
(once / 1373 pages)
vn
When you plod, you walk slowly, heavily, and deliberately. You might need to plod through the snow to get to the bus stop on time.
Plod evokes a difficulty in walking — like when you trudge through mud or walk slowly up a steep hill. You might plod home at the end of a long day, or plod through an overgrown field on a hot afternoon. You can also use plod figuratively, to mean "work on something boring or monotonous." The origin of plod is unknown, but it may have come from the sound of feet on the ground — the sound you make when you plod.
WORD FAMILY
plod: plodded, plodder, plodding, plods+/plodder: plodders/plodding: ploddingly, ploddings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Victoria” the novel is pleasant enough but a bit plodding; the dialogue often stilted; the central character sweet but unformed.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Frank admits that “you’ll find nothing close to a scandal in itself” and “Clinton’s campaign is, mostly, reassuringly plodding and rules-bound.”
Salon(Dec 13, 2016)
A sloppy, plodding first half ended with the Cowboys leading, 7-0.
New York Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vt. 沉重地走
vi. 沉重缓慢地行走; 孜孜不倦，勤苦地工作
n. 沉重缓慢的前进; 沉重的踏步声
时态：plodded, plodding, plods
分布：辛勤工作(34%)，沉重地走(33%)，沉重的步伐(25%)，孜孜从事(8%)
→可能来自拟声词，模仿沉重的在地上走的声音。
拖重步子走路[pold=bignoise,表示"大声音"]
【记】象声词：重步的声音读：p，loud（adj 高声的）－沉重的步伐走
【反】flit（n /v 掠过）；gambol（n /v 雀跃）
US [plɑ:d] (-dd-)
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition
WALK 步行
■to walk taking slow steps, as if your feet are heavy 艰难地行走；吃力地行进
• We plodded through the mud. 我们在泥泞中艰难行进。
• Despite the wind and the rain, they plodded on until they reached the cottage. 他们顶风冒雨坚持走到了小屋。
UK [plɒd] US [plɑ:d] (-dd-)
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition
WORK 工作
■to work slowly and continuously, but without imagination, enthusiasm or interest 坚持不懈地做，埋头苦干
• For years, he's plodded away at the same dull routine job. 多年来，他一直在做同一项单调的工作。
• Alex is just plodding along at school, making very little progress. 亚力克斯一直在校苦学，但几乎没有甚么进步。
vi. 辛勤工作；沉重地走
 - work hard, work like a horse
n. 辛勤工作；沉重的步伐
 - trudge

Word: psi
Front: psi
[psaɪ] (15226/17688)
Back: n. 希腊文字母的第23字; 超心理
分布：特异功能(72%)，希腊字母表的第23个字母(28%)
→来自希腊语psi.

Word: shipbuilding
Front: shipbuilding
['ʃɪpbɪldɪŋ] (六 21523/12548 -1)
Back: n. 造船; 造船业
分布：造船(79%)，造船业(21%)
n. [船] 造船；造船业；造船术
 - newbuilding

Word: sorrow
Front: sorrow
[ˈsɒrəʊ] (高研四六 6304/7116 -1)
Vocabulary: sorrow
(once / 81 pages)
nv
Sorrow is a feeling of immense sadness, like the sorrow you would feel if your best friend suddenly moved to New Zealand.
Sorrow is an almost unbearable sadness. In fact, it is often used as a synonym for grief. If you drop a pretty picture frame and it breaks, you might feel sad. If, on the other hand, your entire house — including that picture frame — burns to the ground, you will feel sorrow at the loss of everything, including the photographs and other mementos you can never replace.
WORD FAMILY
sorrow: sorrowed, sorrower, sorrowful, sorrowing, sorrows+/sorrower: sorrowers/ sorrowful: sorrowfulest, sorrowfully, sorrowfulness/sorrowing: sorrowingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is much like the old Swedish proverb that expresses, “A shared joy is a doubled joy. A shared sorrow is half a sorrow.”
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He drank prodigious amounts of alcohol to dim his heightened alertness and to muffle his sorrows.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But submerging your sorrows by binging on Fisher’s most famous appearances won’t be cheap.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 悲痛; 悔恨，惋惜; 伤心事
vt. & vi. 悲痛; 遗憾
时态：sorrowed, sorrowing, sorrows
分布：悲伤(55%)，悲痛(26%)，懊悔(6%)，悔恨(5%)，伤心事(5%)，惋惜(3%)
→来自古英语 sorg,悲伤，悲痛，来自 Proto-Germanic*surgo,担心，痛苦，关切，来自 swergh, 照看，照顾，操心。该词与 sore 虽然在词义上有所重合，但是不属于同源词，该词在词源 上指担心别人而引起的悲痛，而 sore 在词源上指自己的痛苦所造成的疼痛。
n.悲衰,悲痛"Sorry, I'll borrow the lorry tomorrow," the sorrowful man said with worry in the corridor."对不起,明天我要借用这辆卡车."那个悲伤的人在走廊里担心地说.
US ['sɔ:r.oʊ] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■(a cause of) a feeling of great sadness 悲痛，伤心，悔恨；伤心事，不幸
• The sorrow she felt over/at the death of her husband was almost too much to bear. 她对丈夫的去世悲痛万分，几乎难以承受。
• The sorrows of her earlier years gave way to joy in later life. 她早年历经坎坷，晚年却快乐无忧。
UK ['sɒr.əʊ] US ['sɔ:r.oʊ] formal
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to feel great sadness
• For years she sorrowed over her missing son. 多年来，她一直为走失的儿子悲伤难过。
sorrow, agony, grief, anguish, torment, distress, misery, torture
这组词都有“苦恼、痛苦”的意思，其区别是：
sorrow: 语气比grief弱，指因不幸、损失或失望等所产生的悲伤。
agony: 侧重指精神或身体痛苦的剧烈程度。
grief: 指由某种特殊处境或原因造成的强烈的感情上的苦恼与悲痛。
anguish: 指精神方面令人难以忍受的极度痛苦；用于身体时，多指局部或暂时的痛苦。
torment: 强调烦恼或痛苦的长期性。
distress: 多指因思想上的压力紧张、恐惧、忧虑等所引起的精神上的痛苦，也可指某种灾难带来的痛苦。
misery: 着重痛苦的可悲状态，多含不幸、可怜或悲哀的意味。
torture: 语气比toment强，指在精神或肉体上受到的折磨所产生的痛苦。
n. 悲伤；懊悔；伤心事
 - soreness, disconsolateness
vi. 懊悔；遗憾；感到悲伤
 - feel sad

Word: adultery
Front: adultery
[əˈdʌltəri] (10957/12213 -1)
Vocabulary: adultery
(once / 1168 pages)
n
Adultery is a word for cheating — cheating on your spouse with another person. Adultery isn’t a crime, but some people consider it a sin.
If two people are dating, and one fools around with someone else, it's not adultery. Only married people can commit adultery. If you commit adultery — and your spouse finds out — then you’ve got a lot of explaining to do. Although it's still highly frowned upon, cultural attitudes toward adultery have changed a lot: the classic book The Scarlet Letter shows how harshly women were once treated for committing adultery.
WORD FAMILY
adultery: adulterer, adulteries, adulterous+/adulterer: adulterers/adulterous: adulterously
USAGE EXAMPLES
In a peculiar move towards gender equality, Cameroon's parliament in June debated a new law which would see men who commit adultery sent to jail.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
There are regular reports of the Taliban putting women to death in areas they control for adultery or other alleged transgressions.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
As her horrified neighbors watched, extremists threw a third stone at the young woman, who was accused of adultery.
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 通奸，私通; 通奸行为
分布：通奸(100%)
→同adulterate, 掺假。此处指夫妻生活不忠。
US [-tˌɚ.i] noun uncountable
■sex between a married man or woman and someone who is not their wife or husband 通奸（行为）
• Many people in public life have committed adultery. 很多知名人物都有通奸行为。
n. 通奸，通奸行为
 - fornication, cuckoldry

Word: surname
Front: surname
[ˈsɜ:neɪm] (研四六雅 15663/9483 -K1)
Vocabulary: surname
(once / 926 pages)
n
A surname is a person’s last name, or family name. Smith is a popular surname in the U.S., while Dieng is a popular surname in Senegal.
Your surname is your last name. A surname can be Smith, Jones, Johnson, Giacometti — any name that someone gets from their family. The word surname derives from sur “above" + name. The term surname was first used by feudal lords, who adopted the name of their property as their family name. A surname can be derived from a place name (e.g., London) or a trade (e.g., Schneider means "tailor" in German).
WORD FAMILY
surname: surnames
USAGE EXAMPLES
Experts differ about the origins of these English spellings of Korean surnames.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
His surname did not derive from the Russian word for reprobate.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A ministry press officer, who would only identify herself by her surname, Wang, confirmed the information in the report.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 姓，姓氏; 别名，绰号
vt. 给…加姓
分布：姓(95%)，绰号(3%)，冠姓(1%)，以别名称呼(1%)
→sur-,在上，name,名字。用于指姓氏。
n.姓In the famine I got familiar with this famous family name/surname.在饥荒中,我熟悉了这个有名的姓.
US ['sɝ:-/ (US usually last name) (UK also second name)
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■the name that you share with other members of your family; last name 姓
• Her first name is Sarah but I don't know her surname. 她名叫莎拉，但是我不知道她姓甚么。
n. 姓，姓氏；绰号，别名
 - lastname, cognomen

Word: specification
Front: specification
[ˌspesɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] (研六托雅 7835/3458 -1)
Vocabulary: specification
(once / 2640 pages)
n
We sometimes call them "specs," but a specification has no relationship to eyeglasses! Instead, it is an explicit detail of a design, presenting the exact way something specific must be constructed. For example, blueprints contain the specifications for a building.
In the 17th century, the word specification emerged with the meaning of giving something a specific quality. The technical meaning, applied to building and engineering plans, developed in the late 18th century. The meaning of the word is precise, referring to specific plans, although just because it's a specification doesn't mean it is accurate. Science-fiction writer Robert Heinlein once had his character Lazarus Long make the comment, "An elephant is a mouse built to government specifications."
WORD FAMILY
specification: specifications+/ specified: unspecified / specify: specifiable, specification, specified, specifier, specifies, specifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
“You should see the way we pack our suitcases. It’s like military specifications the way everything is packed,” he said.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
As a smartphone, it is a decent if not spectacular entry, with dual cameras on the back and solid specifications.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Based on the specifications of your hardware, the Google Play store displays compatibility information with the apps you are browsing.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 规格; 详述; 说明书
分布：规格(91%)，详述(9%)
→specific,明确的，具体的，-ation,名词后缀。
具体说明(specific+ation)[speci=look,kind,表示"外观,种类"]
n.详述;(常pl.)规格,说明书,规范The speculator specifically specified the specification of this species specimen.投机者特地指定了这种物种标本的规范.
[ˌspes.ɪ.fɪ'keɪ.ʃən] (informal spec)
noun countable or uncountable
■a detailed description of how something should be done, made, etc. 规格；规范；标准；明细单；详细说明
• All products are made exactly to the customer's specifications. 所有产品完全按照客户的具体要求制造。
• A specification has been drawn up for the new military aircraft. 新型军用飞机的规格已经草拟出来了。
• a job specification 职位详细说明
• The cars have been built to a high specification (= a high standard). 汽车是按照高标准制造的。
n. 规格；说明书；详述
 - description, amplification

Word: animosity
Front: animosity
[ˌænɪˈmɒsəti] (托宝 11656/14047 -1)
Vocabulary: animosity
(once / 1351 pages)
n
Animosity is hatred. If your (supposed) best buddy embarrasses you in front of a big crowd, your friendship could turn into animosity.
Animosity comes from the Latin word animus, meaning "spirit" or "mind." That's also the root of the word animated — literally, "full of spirit." So how did animosity get so negative? Over the centuries, the original meaning of "high spirits" soured into "hatred." Today we most often speak of animosity toward, between, among, or against people. Keeping your animosity in check might make steam come out your ears.
WORD FAMILY
animosity: animosities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two major pushes for negotiations by Mr. Obama unraveled amid mistrust and animosity.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Asked Wednesday where the animosity stems from, Mitchell replied simply “you ask him.”
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Mr. Stein added that locals are “shocked and scared” of the newfound animosity.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 憎恨，仇恨，敌意
分布：仇恨(67%)，憎恶(33%)
憎恨,憎恶(anim+osity多的状态→生命太多→由爱变恨→仇恨)[anim=life,spirit,表示"生命,精神"等]
仇恨(anim生命,有生命就有爱和恨)[-osity表名词,ose+ity组成,表示"多…的状态"]
【记】1）anim生命－一生的仇恨2）animo＝animal动物，sity＝city城市－动物与城市。它们是格格不入的，自私的人类侵略的它们的领地，残杀了它们的双亲，建立了现代化的城市。所以动物与城市之间只有憎恶与仇恨。
US [-'mɑ:.sə.tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
■strong dislike, opposition, or anger 仇恨；敌意；憎恶
• Of course we're competitive but there's no personal animosity between us. 我们固然是竞争对手，但我们之间并没有私怨。
• In spite of his injuries, he bears no animosity towards his attackers. 尽管受了伤，但他对袭击他的人也没有任何怨恨。
• The European Community helped France and Germany forget the old animosities between them. 欧洲经济共同体促使法国和德国摒弃前嫌。
n. 憎恶，仇恨，敌意
 - hatred, odium

Word: encircle
Front: encircle
[ɪnˈsɜ:kl] (10550/12255 -1)
Vocabulary: encircle
(once / 787 pages)
v
To encircle is to surround, or to make a circle around. On the last night of summer camp, the counselors and campers traditionally encircle the campfire and sing songs.
Prisons are encircled by barbed wire fences, and hot, damp pavement encircles most public swimming pools. When you hug your little sister, you encircle her with your arms. If your tomato plants are growing too tall and flopping over, you should encircle them with twine to hold them up. Encircle adds the prefix en-, "make or put in" to circle, from its Latin root circus, or "ring."
WORD FAMILY
encircle: encircled, encirclement, encircles, encircling+/ circle: circled, circles, circlet, circling, circular, encircle, semicircle/ circlet: circlets/circular: circularise, circularity, circularize, circularly, circulars, circulate /circularise: circularisation, circularised, circularises, circularising/circularity: circularities/circularize: circularization, circularized, circularizing/ circulate: circulated, circulates, circulating, circulation, circulative, circulatory/circulation: circulations, recirculation/encirclement: encirclements/encircling: encirclingly/semicircle: semicircles, semicircular/semicircular: semicircularly
USAGE EXAMPLES
With most of its cities encircled by landfill, rapidly urbanizing China is also struggling to deal with growing amounts of waste.
Reuters(Dec 25, 2016)
Newly recruited Syrian Arab militia fighters, allied with experienced Kurdish fighters, are encircling Raqqa.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The vaccine opens up new, faster, more efficient ways to encircle and strangle the virus.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 包围; 围绕
时态：encircled, encircling, encircles
分布：包围(61%)，环绕(39%)
→en-, 进入，使。circle, 圈。
环绕,包围(en进入＋circle;圆→进入圆→包围)[circ,cycl=ring,circle,表示"圆,环"]
US [-'sɝ:-] verb transitive
■to surround something, forming a circle around it 围绕；环绕
• The house is encircled by a high fence. 房屋四周围着高高的栅栏。
• Villaverde is one of the high-rise districts that encircle Madrid. 马德里周边有很多高楼建筑区，维拉维尔德就是其中一个。
enclose, fence, encircle, surround, envelop
这组词都有“包围”的意思，其区别是：
enclose: 指把某物四周围住或封闭起来，使之与外界隔绝。
fence: 通常指用栅栏栏开或围起来。
encircle: 侧重在某事物周围围成圈状。
surround: 普通用词，既可指环绕、围绕，也可指军事上的包围。
envelop: 着重指把某个物体完全包起来或整个封起来。
vt. 包围；围绕；环绕
 - case, invest, zone

Word: coddle
Front: coddle
[ˈkɒdl] (托宝 18813/40523)
Vocabulary: coddle
(once / 6264 pages)
1v 2v
While it is okay for parents to coddle, spoil, or pamper a young child, it’s a little unnerving when parents coddle, or pamper adult children. And downright weird when adult children wear Pampers.
Coddle is an old word. Originally, it meant to cook gently in water that is near boiling, as in coddling an egg. It most likely gained its association with pampering and taking care of someone via a drink made for invalids that was prepared by coddling. “Mollycoddle,” a synonym for coddle, originally meant a person who coddles himself, or an effeminate man.
WORD FAMILY
coddle: coddled, coddler, coddles, coddling+/coddler: coddlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
This coddling of men on screen isn’t only a result of cultural gender norms, but how the film business itself reaffirms those limiting ideas.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
In addition to larger rooms or softer sheets, big spenders want to be coddled nowadays.
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
Starr acknowledged that his actions often riled other administrators who thought that he occasionally coddled student athletes.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 悉心照料，娇惯
时态：coddled, coddling, coddles
分布：溺爱(47%)，用文火煮(30%)，娇养(23%)
→来自拉丁词calidium, 热饮，词源同calorie, 卡路里。后词义由温暖到溺爱。
【记】co共同，dd逗逗（弟弟），le乐：一起逗小孩乐－溺爱
US ['kɑ:.dl] verb transitive
COOK 烹调
■to cook food, especially eggs, in water just below boiling temperature （尤指把鸡蛋在稍低于沸点的水中）煮嫩，煮软
• coddled eggs 煨煮的鸡蛋
UK ['kɒd.l] US ['kɑ:.dl] verb transitive
PROTECT 保护
■to protect someone or something too much 娇养；溺爱；悉心呵护
• The steel industry is coddled by trade protection and massive subsidies. 钢铁产业受到贸易保护和巨额补贴的双重呵护。
vt. 娇养；溺爱（等于mollycoddle）；用文火煮
 - cocker, dote upon

Word: easterner
Front: easterner
['iːstə(r)nə(r)] (38991/-)
Back: n. 东方人
分布：东方人(100%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a person born or living in the eastern part of a country, especially the US （尤指美国）东部人
n. 东方人；居住在东部或东方的人
 - Oriental

Word: hijacker
Front: hijacker
[ˈhaɪdʒækə(r)] (12214/28973)
Back: n. 抢劫者，劫持者; 劫机者; 劫匪
分布：劫持犯(100%)
→来自hijack,劫机。
N-COUNT
劫机者;（对交通工具的）劫持者
A hijacker is a person who hijacks a plane or other vehicle.
n. 强盗；抢劫者
 - robber, bandit

Word: malicious
Front: malicious
[məˈlɪʃəs] (六托宝 13112/11330 -1)
Vocabulary: malicious
(once / 705 pages)
adj
Someone who is malicious enjoys hurting or embarrassing others. If you're writing a book about good and evil, you'll want to come up with a truly malicious character to do all the bad stuff.
Malicious is the adjective based on the noun malice, which means the desire to harm others. Both words come from the Latin word malus, for bad. If someone is malicious he doesn't just make bad things happen; he loves to make bad things happen.
WORD FAMILY
malicious: maliciousest, maliciously, maliciousness, unmalicious+/ malice: malices, malicious
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indeed, officials say it is possible that the traffic is benign, since this particular IP address is not always connected to malicious activity.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
At least one person opened attachments with malicious software.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Songz faces malicious destruction of property and resisting and obstructing charges.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 恶意的，有敌意的; 蓄意的; 预谋的; 存心不良的
分布：恶毒的(76%)，怀恶意的(24%)
→来自malice,邪恶，恶毒。
【记】mal坏，icious－恶意的
【参】malice（n 恶意）坏mal的冰块ice让你吃－恶意；
【反】expansive（adj 易膨胀的）
adjective
■intended to harm or upset other people 恶意的，恶毒的，意在伤人的
• malicious gossip 用意歹毒的流言蜚语
• a malicious look in his eyes 他恶狠狠的眼神
• He complained that he'd been receiving malicious telephone calls. 他抱怨说他接二连三地接到恶意骚扰电话。
• legal He was charged with malicious wounding. 他被控蓄意伤人。
adj. 恶意的；恶毒的；蓄意的；怀恨的
 - vicious, poisonous

Word: lang

Word: locust
Front: locust
[ˈləʊkəst] (高六宝 15256/21741 -1)
Back: n. 蝗虫，蚱蜢; [植]角豆树; [植]洋槐; 破坏者
分布：蝗虫(60%)，刺槐(32%)，洋槐(8%)
→来自拉丁语locusta,蝗虫，龙虾，词源有争议，可能来自lek,弯，转，关节，词源同leg,langustine.用以命名如蝗虫，龙虾等节肢动物。
US ['loʊ-] noun countable
■a large insect with wings found in hot areas which flies in large groups and destroys plants and crops 蝗虫
• a swarm of locusts 一大群蝗虫
n. [植保] 蝗虫， [昆] 蚱蜢
 - grasshopper

Word: homework
Front: homework
[ˈhəʊmwɜ:k] (中高雅 4778/6447 -K1)
Vocabulary: homework
(once / 5228 pages)
n
Any assignment you're expected to complete after school and bring back to class the next day is called homework. Many students make up excuses for not having their homework done. The "My dog ate my homework" excuse doesn't work so well in the digital age.
High school students typically have a lot of homework most days, and often that's true for younger students as well. In college, an increasing amount of school work is done outside of class, as homework (even if you do it in the library, a cafe, or a dorm). Homework originally referred to any work done at home, including cooking and cleaning. The first example of the "school work" meaning dates from the late 1880s.
WORD FAMILY
homework: homeworks
USAGE EXAMPLES
At first, the parents thought he was doing homework, and then realized, as he brought home D’s and F’s, that he was obsessed with gaming.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He stopped doing homework, then stopped attending most classes.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“We are doing our homework — we are investing into our defense,” she said.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 家庭作业; 功课
分布：家庭作业(100%)
n.(学生的)家庭作业,课外人员They've finished their homework.他们已经完成了作业.
US ['hoʊm.wɝ:k] noun uncountable
 ESSENTIAL
■work which teachers give their students to do at home 功课
• You can't watch TV until you've done your homework. 做完功课之后你才能看电视。
• history/geography homework 历史／地理功课
UK ['həʊm.wɜ:k] US ['hoʊm.wɝ:k] noun uncountable
do your homework
■to study a subject or situation carefully so that you know a lot about it and can deal with it successfully 认真研究；仔细准备
• It was obvious that she had done her homework and thoroughly prepared for her interview. 很明显她为面试做足了功课，准备很充分。
n. 家庭作业，课外作业
 - schoolwork, home study

Word: parrot
Front: parrot
[ˈpærət] (高托 9988/8676 -1)
Vocabulary: parrot
(once / 893 pages)
nv
A parrot is a brightly colored tropical bird with a distinctly loud voice. If you see someone calling a colorful bird "Polly" and asking it if it wants a cracker, that's a parrot.
Parrots are popular pets because many of them have the ability to mimic sounds they hear, sometimes including human speech. In fact, this skill has led to a secondary meaning of the word parrot, "mimic mindlessly." You could say, for example, "I'm not going to just parrot everything the teacher says — I'm no parrot." The origin of the word is uncertain, although we know that before parrot, this bird was called a popinjay.
WORD FAMILY
parrot: parroted, parroting, parrotlike, parrots, parrotted, parrotting
USAGE EXAMPLES
The rest of the show featured acrobats, balloon shapes and a parrot.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Meet Obi, a Pacific parrot at Stanford University trained to fly through laser beams.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
So let us introduce you to Obi, a Pacific parrot at Stanford University trained to fly through laser beams.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 鹦鹉; 应声虫，学舌者; 机械模仿别人的人
vt. 机械地重复; 随声附和; 死背; 做…的应声虫
时态：parroted, parroting, parrots
分布：鹦鹉(93%)，学舌(5%)，盲目重复或模仿他人行为的人(1%)，盲目重复或模仿(1%)
→词源不详，可能来自法语方言Pierre,人名Peter的法语形式。比较parakeet,petrel.由于该鸟学人说话的习惯，也用于形容人鹦鹉学舌。
【记】par怕，rot腐烂：怕自己的嘴腐烂就应该学舌－流水不腐。
US ['per-] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a tropical bird with a curved beak, which is often kept as a pet and can be trained to copy the human voice 鹦鹉
UK ['pær.ət] US ['per-] verb transitive disapproving
■to repeat exactly what someone else says, without understanding it or thinking about its meaning 鹦鹉学舌般地复述，机械地复述
• She doesn't have an original thought in her head - she just parrots anything that Sara says. 她脑子里没有甚么自己的见解，她只会机械地重复萨拉所说的每句话。
n. [鸟] 鹦鹉；学舌者，应声虫；机械模仿别人的人
 - Nuri, popinjay

Word: pretence
Front: pretence
[prɪˈtens] (宝 37692/8669 -1)
Back: n. 假装，作假; 借口，口实; 虚伪; 虚饰
分布：假装(77%)，自命(19%)，无事实根据的要求(4%)
→来自pretense的拼写变体。
【记】pre前，tence＝tend倾向－提前装出的倾向－虚伪
【参】pretend（v 假装）；pretension（n 借口；自负骄傲）；
【反】pretentious（adj 假装的；做作的）－unaffected（adj 不矫揉造作的）
(US usually pretense) [prɪ'tents] noun uncountable
■a way of behaving that is intended to deceive people 假装；伪称；虚伪的表现
• She made absolutely no pretence of being interested. 她毫不掩饰自己丝毫不感兴趣。
• They kept up (= continued) a pretence of normality as long as they could. 他们尽可能地继续装作一切正常。
• The army has given up any pretence of neutrality in the war. 军队已放弃了在战争中的中立伪装。
n. 假装；借口；虚伪
 - simulation, excuse, acting, blind

Word: martian

Word: mesa
Front: mesa
[ˈmeɪsə] (宝 12592/30742)
Vocabulary: mesa
(once / 6169 pages)
n
A mesa is a flat-topped hill most commonly found in the Southwest part of the U.S.. Its sides are steep all around so that it looks like a massive table.
Mesa comes from the Latin mensa meaning "table," which is very much what a mesa looks like. A mesa is formed when the weaker horizontal rocks around a big formation start to erode and fall away, leaving stronger rocks standing in a flat-topped hill. Grand Mesa in Western Colorado is the largest mesa in the world, with an area of 500 square miles. That's bigger than all of Hong Kong!
WORD FAMILY
mesa: mesas
USAGE EXAMPLES
The trenches mechanically displaced tons of desert sandstone across a natural indentation in the mesa.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Later, I spotted seven bighorn sheep, as still as statues as they balanced effortlessly on a precipitous mesa face, a startling image.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
She began to finance Charles Ross’s “Star Axis,” a stellar observatory, of sorts, still in progress today on a mesa in New Mexico.
New York Times(Sep 16, 2016)
Back: n. 平顶山（常见于美国西南部地区）
分布：平顶山(100%)
→来自西班牙语mesa,高原，来自拉丁语mensa,桌子，方桌，词源同commensal.引申词义方山，桌子形山。
【记】m读：没，esa＝sea（n 海）－没有海的地方－平顶山。
N-COUNT
方山(主要见于美国西南部)
A mesa is a large hill with a flat top and steep sides; used mainly of hills in the south-western United States.
n. 台地； [地理] 平顶山
 - plateaus, tableland

Word: purchaser
Front: purchaser
[ˈpɜ:tʃəsə(r)] (13902/3164)
Vocabulary: purchaser
(once / 1251 pages)
n
If you are a purchaser or "buyer" for a pink elephant factory, you arrange to buy all the pink dye, the elephant molds, and the packaging. You also might just be a "consumer," buying milk at the store.
Purchasers at large companies may oversee millions or even billions of dollars in deals a year. They are responsible for buying the products — or the stuff needed to make the products — that are to be resold. Another type of purchaser is responsible for maintaining inventories of office supplies or furniture for an office building.
WORD FAMILY
purchaser: purchasers+/ purchase: purchasable, purchased, purchaser, purchases, purchasing, repurchase/ purchasing: purchasings/repurchase: repurchased, repurchases, repurchasing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Purchasers currently must complete paperwork by hand and submit it through a gun dealer or a state police barracks.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Apple, Microsoft and Best Buy will all offer money back to the purchaser, but not the gift recipient.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
The rule also bans helpful assists to home purchasers.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 买方，购买者
分布：购买者(55%)，买方(45%)
US ['pɝ:.tʃə.sɚ] formal
noun countable
■the person who buys something 购买者，买主
• We haven't been able to find a purchaser for our house yet. 我们还没能帮我们的房子找到买主。
n. 买方； [贸易] 购买者
 - vendee

Word: renegotiation
Front: renegotiation
[renɪɡəʊʃ'ɪeɪʃn] (27023/26005)
Back: n. 重新谈判，重新商议
分布：重议价(100%)

Word: seam
Front: seam
[si:m] (研六托雅宝 8135/7180 -1)
Vocabulary: seam
(once / 888 pages)
nv
When you sew two pieces of fabric together, the line you are sewing is the seam. Coal appears in long, linear underground deposits referred to as seams.
A garment that is coming to pieces will often first tear at the seams, the weakest parts. People use this image to describe anything that has reached a point where it is simply not holding together––your car could be falling apart at the seams, or if there's been a lot of stress in your life, you could be too — and you might have to move into a seamy neighborhood.
WORD FAMILY
seam: seamed, seaming, seamless, seams, seamster, seamy +/seamed: unseamed/ seamless: seamlessly/seamster: seamsters/ seamy: seamier, seamiest
USAGE EXAMPLES
They tear at the seams of our commonality by implying that only some people are included in the ideals of liberty and justice.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Seam was 16 in 1997 when he was involved in an armed robbery in Lexington that left a convenience store owner dead.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“Just own your seams and own your posts,” Wright said.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 接缝，接合处; 煤层; 线缝; 裂缝
vt. 缝合，接合; 使产生裂缝; 焊合; 裂开
vi. 裂开，发生裂痕
时态：seamed, seaming, seams
分布：缝(78%)，接缝(13%)，缝合(4%)，接合(3%)，有裂缝(1%)，使有纹(1%)
→来自古英语 seam,缝补，连接，来自 Proto-Germanic*saumaz,缝补，来自 syu,缝补，词源
n.缝,接缝My jacket is coming apart at the seams.我的夹克的接缝处裂开了.
noun countable
JOIN 连接
■a line where two things join, especially a line of sewing joining two pieces of cloth or leather （尤指缝合两块布或皮革的）线缝，接缝
• The bags we sell have very strong seams, so they will last for years. 我们卖的袋子缝线处非常牢固，所以经久耐用。
• My old coat is coming/falling apart at the seams (= the stitches are coming out). 我的旧外套已经多处脱线。
• figurative Their marriage is coming/falling apart at the seams (= likely to fail). 他们的婚姻已濒临破裂。
[si:m] noun countable
LAYER 层
■a long thin layer of a substance such as coal which has formed between layers of other rocks 煤层；矿层
[si:m] noun countable
be a rich seam to mine
■to be full of good material and ideas to use 有丰富的素材可用
• When she started writing novels, she found her time as a judge was a rich seam for her to mine. 她开始创作小说时，发现她当法官的日子有丰富的素材可以挖掘。
[si:m] noun countable
bursting at the seams informal
■If a place is bursting at the seams, it has a very large number of people or things in it （场所）过于拥挤，快要挤爆了
• Now that they've got six children, their little house is bursting at the seams. 他们现在有六个孩子，他们的小房子都快被挤爆了。
n. 缝；接缝
 - joining, juncture
vt. 缝合；接合；使留下伤痕
 - cement, piece, joint
vi. 裂开；产生裂缝
 - gap, spring off

Word: sarajevo
Front: sarajevo
[ˌsærəˈjeivəu] (-/9386)
Back: 萨拉热窝（南斯拉夫中部城市）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: salute
Front: salute
[səˈlu:t] (高研四六雅宝 8974/11386 -2)
Vocabulary: salute
(once / 213 pages)
1vn 2vn
A salute is a sign of respect. A soldier may salute senior officers by raising a hand to his or her head, or you may informally salute a neighbor with a tip of your hat.
Salute often has a military context, whether used as a verb or a noun. When gladiators showed up for a day’s work at the Coliseum in Ancient Rome, they had to be prepared to die in battle for the entertainment of the emperor. Beforehand, they would address the emperor with the Latin words “morituri te salutant”, which means “Those of us who are about to die salute you.” Many centuries later, the heavy metal band AC/DC would change those words to a song with a much happier sentiment: “For those about to rock, we salute you.” Rock on.
WORD FAMILY
salute: salutation, salutatory, saluted, saluter, salutes, saluting+/ salutation: salutations/saluter: saluters
USAGE EXAMPLES
King, the flamboyant boxing promoter who hyped Mike Tyson’s 1980s fights, was also saluted by Trump as “a phenomenal person” despite a conviction for manslaughter.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Enrollees receive large signs emblazoned with the program’s logo - a silhouette of a saluting soldier.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“This isn’t normal,” people said when white supremacists did a Nazi salute to Donald Trump during a conference on Pennsylvania Avenue.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 欢迎，致敬
vt. 向…致意; 赞扬，赞颂
vi. 致意，打招呼; 行礼
n. 致敬，欢迎; 敬礼; 举枪，举刀（礼）
时态：saluted, saluting, salutes
分布：致敬(45%)，敬礼(24%)，行礼(10%)，致意(10%)，欢迎(8%)，问候(3%)
→来自拉丁语 salutare,致意，打招呼，表达尊重或尊敬，来自 salutis,健康的，有益处的，来自
v./n.敬礼,鸣礼炮;迎接,欢迎Hostile shouts saluted their ears.怀有敌意的喊叫声传入他们耳中.
verb
SHOW RESPECT 表示尊敬
intransitive or transitive
■(especially of people in the armed forces) to make a formal sign of respect to someone, especially by raising the right hand to the side of the head （尤指军人）敬礼
• Whenever you see an officer, you must salute. 只要见到军官就必须敬礼。
• The soldiers saluted the colonel. 士兵们向上校敬礼。
[sə'lu:t] verb
PRAISE 赞扬
transitive formal
■to honour or express admiration publicly for a person or an achievement 公开赞扬，赞颂
• On this memorable occasion we salute the wonderful work done by the association. 在这个难忘的时刻，我们对协会出色的成就表示赞扬。
• We salute you for your courage and determination. 我们对你的勇气和决心致敬。
[sə'lu:t] noun countable
SHOW OF RESPECT 表示尊敬
■a gesture of respect made to someone by raising the right hand to the side of the head 敬礼
• The soldier gave a salute and the officer returned it. 士兵向军官敬礼，军官回礼。
■an action, such as the firing of a gun, done to show respect to someone 致敬（如鸣礼炮等，以示对某人的尊敬）
• Full military honours and a 21-gun salute (= 21 guns fired at the same time) marked his funeral. 他的葬礼是最高规格的军葬礼，鸣21响礼炮。
[sə'lu:t] noun countable
PRAISE 赞扬
■an action or gesture to honour or show your admiration for a person or achievement 举手礼，举枪礼（一种动作或姿势，以表示尊敬某人或其成就，或表示对某人或其成就的钦佩）
[sə'lu:t] noun countable
take the salute
■When a person of high rank takes the salute, they stand and watch while soldiers march past saluting them. （高级军官在阅兵时）接受敬礼，行答礼
hail, salute, address, welcome, greet
这组词都有“欢迎、致敬，致意，招呼”的意思，其区别是：
hail: 主要指怀着敬意欢迎某人，侧重欢快轻松和嘈杂。也指隔得较远的高声招呼。
salute: 正式用词，指用敬礼、亲吻或挥帽等动作向他人致意或问候，尤指以某种礼节欢迎某人。
address: 侧重打招呼的方式或指所使用的称谓。
welcome: 多指热情的官方的或正式的迎接或欢迎，但也指一般的欢迎。
greet: 常指友好而热诚地欢迎。
n. 致敬，欢迎；敬礼
 - welcome, Huanying
vt. 行礼致敬，欢迎
 - greet, be welcome to
vi. 致意，打招呼；行礼
 - say hello, touch one's hat

Word: sediment
Front: sediment
[ˈsedɪmənt] (托雅宝 7879/5512 -1)
Vocabulary: sediment
(once / 2379 pages)
nv
Sediment is the accumulation of sand and dirt that settles in the bottom of lakes. Sediment is also what you get in the bottom of a glass of iced tea when the sugar doesn’t all dissolve.
The noun sediment comes from the Latin word sedere, meaning “to settle,” or “sit.” Sediment is the little bits of solids that sink to the bottom of a container of liquid, whether that container is a body of water or a holding tank at a sewage treatment plant. Millions of years ago, lakes dried up and glaciers compressed their sediment. In this sedimentary rock, fossils are found, giving us clues about prehistoric life.
WORD FAMILY
sediment: sedimentary, sedimentation, sedimenting, sediments
USAGE EXAMPLES
And sediment from Mad River was milled into the bar countertop.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
For years, the dams starved the area of sediment, so homeowners armored the shoreline with concrete, riprap, and rows of boulders to prevent erosion.
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
Before the Champagne is finished, the sediment left by the dead yeast is expelled, or disgorged, from the bottle.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. [地]沉淀物; 沉积物，沉渣
分布：沉淀物(100%)
→来自拉丁语 sedere,坐下，词源同 sit,seat.-ment,名词后缀。引申比喻义沉积物，沉淀物。
【记】sedi坐，ment一坐下去的东西－沉淀物
noun
countable or uncountable
■a soft substance that is like a wet powder and consists of very small pieces of a solid material which have fallen to the bottom of a liquid 沉淀物，沉渣
• There was a brown sediment in the bottom of the bottle. 瓶子底部有褐色的沉淀物。
sediments [plural]
■sand, stones, etc. that eventually form a layer of rock 沉积物（最终形成一层岩石的沙和石头等）
• It is hoped that the oil slick will sink to the seabed where it would be covered within a few years by sediments and eventually decompose. 人们希望浮油会沉到海底，并且在数年后被沉积物覆盖，逐渐分解。
n. [地质] 沉积； [化学] 沉淀物
 - deposit, precipitation, sludge

Word: seamless
Front: seamless
[ˈsi:mləs] (12046/18606 -1)
Vocabulary: seamless
(once / 7229 pages)
adj
Something seamless could literally be a piece of clothing without seams, but it's usually something else that's smooth or unbroken, like a seamless transition.
Seamless things are connected so well that you can't see what's holding them together. They're flowing, consistent, and well-put-together. If an employee leaves, and the replacement does a great job immediately, that's a seamless transition. In basketball, if a team goes from offense to defense without missing a beat, that's seamless play. And that underwear that seems to be made out of one piece of material? Seamless. And super comfortable.
WORD FAMILY
seamless: seamlessly+/ seam: seamed, seaming, seamless, seams, seamster, seamy /seamed: unseamed/seamster: seamsters/ seamy: seamier, seamiest
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Players don’t move as seamlessly as they do in basketball or baseball; that’s why there are so many free agent fails in football.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Tatum missed eight games, but seamlessly fit into Duke’s operation when he returned for victories over Maine, Florida and UNLV.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
We want what’s familiar above all else, and we want it seamlessly beamed to each and every one of our many devices simultaneously.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 无缝的; 无漏洞的
分布：无缝的(98%)，持续的(2%)
→seam,缝补，缝隙，-less,无，没有。
ADJ
无缝的;无停顿的;衔接完美的
You use seamless to describe something that has no breaks or gaps in it or which continues without stopping.
例：It was a seamless procession of wonderful electronic music.这是一曲优美流畅的电子乐曲。
例：...the seamless blue sky.一望无际的蓝天
adj. 无缝的；无缝合线的；无伤痕的
 - smls, unseamed

Word: seniority
Front: seniority
[ˌsi:niˈɒrəti] (14419/15779)
Vocabulary: seniority
(once / 5137 pages)
n
Seniority refers to being ranked higher in an organization since you have been there longer. Who has seniority in a high school? The seniors of course!
You know how older people are called senior citizens or seniors? That should help you remember what seniority is: the longer someone stays within an organization, the more they have of it. A new worker has hardly any seniority. Someone working at a job for 20 years has a lot of seniority. Having seniority is like having a higher rank or status.
WORD FAMILY
seniority: seniorities+/ senior: seniority, seniors
USAGE EXAMPLES
The league’s best players remain capped by “maximum” salaries based on their seniority in the league—not their free-market values.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Instead of expecting customers to tip the people who wait on them, tip-free restaurants pay all employees wages that reflect their skill and seniority.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Hodge will be followed by other justices in reverse order of seniority.
The Guardian(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 年长; 职位高; 年资; 资历
分布：老资格(44%)，前任者的特权(30%)，长辈(26%)
→senior,年长的，高级的，-ity,表性质。
年长(senior+ity)[Sen=old,表示"老"]
US [si:'njɔ:r.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
OLDER 年长的
■the advantage that you get by working for a company for a long time 资历
• In future, promotion will be based on merit not seniority. 以后晋升要看业绩而非资历深浅。
UK [ˌsi:.ni'ɒr.ɪ.ti] US [si:'njɔ:r.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
HIGH RANK 高级别
■the state of being higher in rank than someone else 级别高
• I suppose I was impressed by his seniority. 我觉得他的资深给我留下了很深的印象。
n. 长辈；老资格；前任者的特权
 - better, elder

Word: sometime
Front: sometime
[ˈsʌmtaɪm] (研四六 4914/7642 -2)
Back: adv. 将来某个时候; 过去某个时候; 改天; 来日
adj. （指某人曾经是…）从前的，一度的; 某一时间的
分布：改天(34%)，来日(25%)，以前的(25%)，某时(16%)
→some,有些，time,时间。
ad.将来(或过去)某个时候a.以前的Somewhere somebody sometimes does something good.在某处某人有时做某些好事.
adverb
■at a time in the future or the past which is not known or not stated （将来或过去的）某个时候
• sometime before June 六月份之前的某个时候
• We really should meet sometime soon to discuss the details. 我们的确应当尽快抽个时间讨论一下细节。
• sometime in the autumn 秋天的某个时候
['sʌm.taɪm] adverb
  Common Learner Errors  sometime or sometimes? Warning: choose the correct adverb! To talk about something that happens on some occasions but not always or often, don't say 'sometime', say sometimes :
✗ Being visited by relatives can sometime be exhausting. Being visited by relatives can sometimes be exhausting.
['sʌm.taɪm] adjective [before noun] formal
■(especially of a job or position) in the past but not any longer （尤指工作或职位）以前的，曾经的
• The enquiry will be headed by Lord Jones, sometime editor of the 'Daily News'. 《每日新闻》的前主编琼斯勋爵将主持这项调查。
some times, some time, sometimes, sometime
some times: 有几次。如：I have been to the Great Wall for some times.(我去 长城有好几次了。)
some time: 一段时间。如：I have been a teacher for some time.(我当老师已有些年头了。)
sometimes: 有时。如：I sometimes play tennis.(我有时打 网球。)
sometime: 某个时候，指过去或将来的不确定时间。如：I will buy a car sometime in the future.(将来我会买车的。)
adj. 以前的；某一时间的
 - previous, ago

Word: upcoming
Front: upcoming
[ˈʌpkʌmɪŋ] (5056/23149 -1)
Back: adj. 即将来到的，即将出现的; 即将到来
分布：即将来临的(91%)，预定将要(9%)
→即来到的，即将到来的。
mainly US (UK usually forthcoming)
adjective [before noun]
■happening soon 即将发生的
• Tickets are selling well for the group's upcoming concert tour. 该乐队即将举行的巡演门票销售情况良好。
adj. 即将来临的
 - imminent, forthcoming

Word: toast
Front: toast
[təʊst] (高研四六雅 6163/5754)
Back: n. 干杯; 烤面包; 接受敬酒的人; （在某领域）广受赞誉的人
vt. & vi. 向…祝酒，为…干杯
vi. 烤火，取暖; 使暖和; 烘烤（面包片等）
时态：toasted, toasting, toasts
分布：烤(39%)，烤面包(25%)，吐司(17%)，祝酒(13%)，烘(3%)，祝酒词(2%)，被祝酒的人(1%)
→来自 古法 语 toster, 烤火 ， 烤 面包， -st, 过去 分词 格， 来 自拉 丁语 torrere, 燃烧 ， 词 源同 torrid,terracotta.拼写比较 roast,roster.后引申词义干杯，祝酒，致辞等，最初用于祝愿漂亮女 人或受欢迎的女人永远健康美丽，据说是来自中世纪流传的一个小故事，在英国著名的巴斯 温泉度假村，有一位美女在泡温泉，然后一个绅士（或假绅士真色狼）想去搭讪这个美女， 于是就想出了一个妙招，拿起一个杯子在美女沐浴过的水池里面舀了一杯水，然后说，您真 美丽，祝您永远健康，潜台词就是我是真的仰慕您的美丽，您的洗澡水都让我如此着迷，但 故事到此结束了。故事虽然美丽，但实际情况更可能是来自面包的比喻义，因这种面包当时 用于增加酒的香味，因此，举杯前说一段祝酒辞能更好的增加宴会的品味。
n.烤面包,吐司;祝酒(词)v.烘,烤;(向...)祝酒The boastful toaster roasts himself on the coast in the sunshine.好说大话的祝酒者在海岸上晒太阳.
US [toʊst] noun
BREAD 面包
 ADVANCED uncountable
■sliced bread made warm, crisp (= hard enough to break) and brown by being put near a high heat 烤面包片，吐司
• a slice of toast 一块烤面包片
• I have toast and marmalade for breakfast. 我早饭吃烤面包片和橘子酱。
• I'm having beans on toast for supper. 晚饭我吃烤面包片加豆子。
UK [təʊst] US [toʊst] noun
DRINK 饮料
countable
■an expression of good wishes or respect for someone which involves holding up and then drinking from a glass of alcohol, especially wine, after a short speech 祝酒；干杯
• Now, if you'd all please raise your glasses, I'd like to propose a toast to the bride and groom. 现在请大家都举起杯来，我提议为新娘新郎干杯。
• Champagne corks popped as the guests drank a toast to the happy couple. 香槟酒瓶砰地打开了，客人举杯为这对幸福的伉俪干杯。
UK [təʊst] US [toʊst] noun
the toast of sth old-fashioned
■The toast of a particular place is a person who is very much admired there for something they have recently done 受…敬慕的人
• Not so long ago Viviana was a little-known actress playing in a provincial theatre - these days she's the toast of New York/ the town. 不久以前，维维安娜还是一个在地方剧院演出的鲜为人知的演员——而现在她已经成了纽约／城里备受推崇的人物。
UK [təʊst] US [toʊst] verb transitive
HEAT 加热
■to make bread or other food warm, crisp (= hard enough to break) and brown by putting it near a high heat 烤，烘
• Do you want this bread toasted? 你要把这块面包烤一烤吗？
• Can I have a toasted sandwich , please? 我能要一份烤三明治吗？
■informal
■to warm yourself or part of your body 使暖和，给…烤火
• He's just toasting his feet by the fire. 他正在火旁烤脚。
UK [təʊst] US [toʊst] verb transitive
DRINK 饮料
■to hold up your glass and then drink as an expression of good wishes or respect 为…干杯
• We toasted the happy couple. 我们为这对幸福的伉俪干杯。
bake, toast, roast
这组词都有“烘，烤”的意思，其区别是：
bake: 指在烤炉里，烘烤，不与火直接接触，用持续的干热，缓慢地烘烤任何食物。
toast: 侧重通过烘烤使烘烤之物变成褐色，尤指烘面包、熏肉等。
roast: 一般指在火上烤大块的肉或整只牲畜或家禽。
n. 干杯；烤面包；吐司
 - bottoms up
vt. 烤；敬酒；使暖和
 - to roast, bake
vi. 烘，烤
 - to roast

Word: adrift
Front: adrift
[əˈdrɪft] (14510/13865 -1)
Vocabulary: adrift
(once / 1722 pages)
adjadv
If something's adrift, it's floating, not tied down or anchored. A raft that's adrift on a river will float downstream.
If a ship goes adrift, it meanders off course, simply traveling with the water rather than on a charted course. Likewise, if you feel your life has gone figuratively adrift, you may have lost track of your plans and feel like you're wandering without a purpose. The word adrift comes from the sense of drift that means "a slow movement from one place to another," from an Old Norse root word.
WORD FAMILY
adrift
USAGE EXAMPLES
Arsenal, in fourth, are two adrift of City before their game against Crystal Palace on Sunday.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Should they appoint the right man and back him financially, they are not yet so far adrift as to be beyond salvation.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Just 16 nautical miles adrift is the big overnight mover, New Zealand entry Giacomo.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 漂泊的; 漂浮着的; 随波逐流的
adv. 随波逐流地; 漂流无定; <比喻>无定职; <口>孤陋寡闻
分布：漂泊的(44%)，漫无目的的(14%)，漫无目的地(14%)，松开的(14%)，漂流地(14%)
→来自短语 on drift.
adjective [after verb]
■If a boat is adrift, it is moving on the water but is not controlled by anyone because of a problem 漂浮的；漂流的
• He spent three days adrift on his yacht. 他在游艇上漂流了三天。
■If a person is adrift, they do not have a clear purpose in life and do not know what they want to do 随波逐流的；漫无目的的；漂泊无依的
• Da Silva plays a bright, lonely student from New York, adrift in small-town Arizona. 达席尔瓦饰演的角色是一个才华横溢的学生，离开纽约孤身漂泊在偏僻的亚利桑那州。
go/come adrift informal
■to become loose 脱开；松开
• The hem of my skirt's come adrift again. 我的裙子褶边又散开了。
go adrift informal
■If plans go adrift, they fail or do not produce the correct results 出问题；出岔子
• Something seems to have gone adrift in our calculations. 我们的计算好像有甚么地方出了问题。
adj. 漂泊的；漂浮着的
 - vagrom, anchorless

Word: bombardier
Front: bombardier
[.bɒmbə(r)'dɪə(r)] (25298/40045)
Back: n. 炮兵军士
分布：投弹手(51%)，轰炸员(26%)，炮兵军士(23%)
US [ˌbɑ:m.bə'dɪr] noun countable
■a soldier with a low rank in the artillery of some armies 炮兵军士
■a military person who aims and often releases bombs from an aircraft （飞机上的）投弹手

Word: baathist

Word: bulky
Front: bulky
[ˈbʌlki] (托 9495/9875 -1)
Vocabulary: bulky
(once / 1825 pages)
adj
A giant box you need to carry to the post office, clothes you wear in the snow — both of these things are bulky or large and difficult to deal with.
Inside the word bulky you see the word bulk which refers to the size of something, usually something large. When something is bulky, it has a lot of size or heft, though it is not necessarily heavy. Pillows, for example, are bulky. It's just big in an inconvenient way. Thick yarn, or a sweater made from thick yarn, is also said to be bulky. It's thicker than your average yarn.
WORD FAMILY
bulky: bulkier, bulkiest, bulkily, bulkiness+/ bulk: bulked, bulking, bulks, bulky
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Crimson Tide’s bulky defensive linemen firmly held their ground at the point of attack while the linebackers quickly clogged the hole.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“Kids and older skiers may find it challenging to carry bulky and heavy ski equipment too far,” Ms. Davidson said.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
He spots a seventh-grader trotting home beneath a bulky backpack.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 庞大的; 笨重的; 体积大的
级别：bulkier, bulkiest
分布：笨重的(53%)，庞大的(43%)，肥大的(4%)
adjective
■too big and taking up too much space 庞大而占地方的
• bulky equipment 庞大的设备
adj. 体积大的；庞大的；笨重的
 - enormous, huge

Word: defection
Front: defection
[dɪ'fekʃn] (托 13837/15083)
Vocabulary: defection
(once / 2408 pages)
n
Is your team so bad you have begun supporting a rival team? Then you're guilty of defection — the act of shifting your support to a new cause.
Most people won't thank you for your defection. No matter how much you might believe in the new sports team, or political party, or whatever, defection is generally used as a critical term. Defection implies a lack of character — as you can tell by looking at its Latin roots, which come from the word defectionum, meaning "desertion, revolt, failure." Clearly, no one likes a defector.
WORD FAMILY
defection: defections+/ defect: defected, defecting, defection, defective, defector, defects/ defective: defectively, defectiveness/defector: defectors
USAGE EXAMPLES
The latest pattern of defections suggests an element of self-interest.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
He spoke to the BBC's Stephen Evans in his first interview since his defection.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Christian McCaffrey’s defection to the pros should be no surprise to college football followers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （对国家、事业等的）背叛
分布：背叛(66%)，脱党(26%)，离会(8%)
叛党,变节(de坏+fect→做坏事→叛党)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
noun countable or uncountable
■when someone leaves a country, political party, etc. to go to another one （某人）脱离；退出；叛逃（国家或政党等）
• Over the years there were hundreds of defections to the West/defections from the East. 这些年来发生了数百宗向西方／从东方投奔的事件。
• Recent changes in policy have resulted in large-scale defection from the party. 最近的政策变化导致了大规模的党员倒戈行为。
n. 背叛；缺点；变节；脱党
 - deficiency, vice, fault, disadvantage, shortcoming

Word: freak
Front: freak
[fri:k] (雅宝 8971/13904 -2)
Vocabulary: freak
(once / 1116 pages)
1n 2v
Freak is a not-so-nice noun that refers to either a person who expresses such an intense obsession with something that it resembles addiction, or a person or animal that is monstrous and deformed.
Synonyms for freak, when used to describe something or something abnormal, include anomaly, chimera, misshape, and oddity. Weirdo is slang for freak, and regular is its antonym. People who ardently adore a particular type of music, like heavy metal, or who have many piercings or identify with a subculture, are often labeled freak. A freak occurrence, on the other hand, is not necessarily a bad thing, but connotes something irregular or unexpected. A freak of nature can lead to thunder-snow, and a freak accident can lead to, well, a missing ear or toe.
WORD FAMILY
freak: freaked, freaking, freakish, freaks+/freakish: freakishly, freakishness
USAGE EXAMPLES
My point is, in 2016 we even saved the freaking whales!
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“He’s a freak athlete,” sophomore offensive lineman Ryan Bates said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
I was with my wife and she said, “Do you see how God just got stuck into this whole freaking night?”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 反常的事; 突然的念头; 怪异物; [俚]吸毒（成瘾）者；颓废派成员；性变态者
vi. 胡闹，开玩笑; 行事任性怪诞; [美国俚语]（尤指在服用迷幻药后）变得极度兴奋; [俚语]（像吸过毒似的）行为反常
vt. 激怒; [俚语]使采取不合常规的生活方式; [俚语]使处于幻觉剂影响之下
时态：freaked, freaking, freaks
分布：怪人(34%)，狂热爱好者(18%)，奇异的(14%)，怪事(10%)，反复无常(8%)，在药物影响下变得异乎寻常(4%)，使强烈反应(震惊(4%)，畏惧)(4%)，不正常的(4%)
→词源不详。
【记】骨头随便free break（n 断裂）是一种freak有一个freak可以break钢板
noun
STRANGE 奇怪的
countable
■a thing, person, animal or event that is extremely unusual or unlikely and not like any other of its type 怪物；奇物；怪人；另类
• I was born with black hair all over my back, like some sort of freak. 我天生背上就全是黑毛，像个怪物。
• The pearl, valued at £75 000, is so big that it has been described as a freak of nature. 这颗价值7.5万英镑的珍珠个头很大，被称为自然界的奇物。
• humorous At my school you were regarded as a freak if you weren't interested in sport. 在我所在的学校，不爱好体育就会被视为异类。
[fri:k] noun
ENTHUSIASTIC PERSON 热情的人
a health/computer/surf, etc. freak informal
■someone who is extremely interested in a particular subject or activity 保健／电脑／冲浪等迷
[fri:k] verb intransitive or transitive informal
■to become or cause someone to become extremely emotional （使）极度激动
• My parents freaked when I told them I was pregnant. 我告诉父母自己怀孕后，他们非常兴奋。
• He freaked out when he heard he'd got the job. 他听到自己得到了那份工作后欣喜若狂。
• This song just freaks me out whenever I hear it. 这首歌我无论甚么时候听到，都会非常兴奋。
[fri:k] adjective [before noun]
■very unusual or unexpected 不寻常的，怪异的
• She was crushed in a freak (= very unlikely) accident in a cave in France. 她在一宗离奇的事故中被压死在法国的一个山洞里。
• A freak whirlwind has destroyed over 20 caravans in west Wales. 在威尔士西部，一阵反常的旋风摧毁了20多辆篷车。
n. 怪人，怪事；畸形人；反复无常
 - put, odd
adj. 奇异的，反常的
 - abnormal, fantastic, funny, bizarre

Word: gardener
Front: gardener
['ɡɑ:dnə(r)] (四六 5751/4757 -2)
Vocabulary: gardener
(once / 567 pages)
n
A person whose hobby or job is growing flowers in a garden is called a gardener. If you want homegrown flowers and veggies, get to know a gardener.
If you grow vegetables professionally, you're called a farmer, but if you design, tend, or care for a flower garden, you're a gardener. Planting anything on a small scale, in your own backyard, also makes you a gardener. The word gardener was a common last name starting in the 13th century, from the Old French jardineor, and the Old North French gardin, "kitchen garden or orchard."
WORD FAMILY
gardener: gardeners+/ garden: gardened, gardener, gardening, gardens/gardening: gardenings
USAGE EXAMPLES
It will not be easy for the gardeners employed by cities to turn to more sustainable methods.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Tricia McCauley was a luminous actress, a master herbalist, a gardener, a yogi.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
"He was a landscape gardener and was therefore probably able to dispose of the bodies."
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 园丁，园艺家; 花匠; 菜农; 园艺爱好者
分布：园丁(84%)，花匠(16%)
US ['gɑ:r.dən.ɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■someone who works in a garden, growing and taking care of plants 园艺工人；园丁；花匠
• I'm not much of a gardener (= not very good at taking care of my garden). 我不太擅长园艺。
n. 园丁；花匠；园艺家
 - groundskeeper, horticulturist

Word: kikuyu

Word: plum
Front: plum
[plʌm] (7666/9821 -1)
Vocabulary: plum
(once / 866 pages)
1n 2adv 3n
A plum is a flowering fruit tree, and it's also the name of the fruit that grows on it. Plums are small, dark reddish purple, and sweet.
Plums have an edible, smooth skin, juicy flesh, and a hard pit in the middle. When plums are dried, they're called prunes. The typical color of a ripe plum — a rich, purple-red shade — is also called plum. And informally, you can say that something great or desirable is plum: "I was just offered a plum role in the school play!"
WORD FAMILY
plum: plumlike, plums
USAGE EXAMPLES
I regrettably passed up on the apple and plum crumble in lieu of the panettone.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
But this time, Plum was scribbling on posters and a little girl’s jersey nearly an hour after the game.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
For a change Kelsey Plum was not the center of attention for the Huskies.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 李子，李树; 李属植物; 葡萄干; 紫红色
adj. 紫红色的; 称心如意的（工作或职位）
分布：李子(69%)，梅子(21%)，紫红色(10%)
→来自古英语plume,李子，李子树，来自Proto-Germanic*prumon,李子，来自拉丁语prunum, 李子，词源同prune.字母r,l 音变，比较peregrinate,pilgrim.
noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a small round fruit with a thin smooth red, purple or yellow skin, sweet soft flesh, and a single large hard seed 李子；梅子
• plum jam 李子酱
• a plum tree 李子树
[plʌm] adjective
GOOD 好的
[before noun] (plummer, plummest)
■very good and worth having 好的；值得拥有的
• How did you manage to get such a plum job ? 你是怎么找到这么好的工作的？
[plʌm] adjective
COLOUR 颜色 (also plum-coloured)
■having a dark reddish purple colour 紫红色的
• a plum-coloured dress 紫红色的连衣裙
n. 李子；梅子；洋李；紫红色
 - wine, amaranth
adj. 人所希望的；有利的；上等的
 - favorable, beneficial, advantageous

Word: mele

Word: grease
Front: grease
[gri:s] (研六托雅宝 7921/9823 -1)
Back: n. 动物油脂; 油膏，润滑油; 〈俚〉贿赂
vt. 涂油脂于，用油脂润滑; 贿赂
时态：greased, greasing, greases
分布：油脂(84%)，贿赂(7%)，上油(7%)，用油脂涂(2%)
→来自拉丁语crassus, 油脂，脂肪，词源同crass.
n.动物脂,油脂,润滑脂v.抹油,润滑After a decrease, the price of the grease increases increasingly.下跌过一次之后,润滑脂的价格日益上涨.
【记】gr＝grow，ease（n 安心；不费力vt 使悠闲）变得不费力－上了润滑油
noun uncountable
■animal or vegetable fat that is soft after melting, or more generally, any thick oily substance 油，油脂；油腻状物
• The dinner plates were thick with grease. 餐盘上厚厚一层油
• You'll have to put some grease on those ball bearings. 你要往滚珠轴承上涂些油。
[gri:s] verb transitive
■to put fat or oil on something 用油脂涂；给…加润滑油
• Grease the tins well before adding the cake mixture. 在烤盘里面涂好油脂，然后再把蛋糕混合料加进去。
[gri:s] verb transitive
grease sb's palm disapproving
■to secretly give someone money in order to persuade them to do something for you 向（某人）行贿；收买
[gri:s] verb transitive
like greased lightning
■very fast 闪电似的；飞快地
• As soon as I mentioned work, he was out of the door like greased lightning! 我刚一提到工作的事，他就一溜烟似的跑出去了！
fat, grease, oil
这组词都有“油”的意思，其区别是：
fat: 多指动物性脂肪，常为固态。
grease: 通常指经加热变柔软的油脂。
oil: 泛指植物、动物和矿物性液体油。
vt. 涂脂于；贿赂
 - tamper with, buy over
n. 油脂；贿赂
 - lipid, fix

Word: remuneration
Front: remuneration
[rɪˌmju:nəˈreɪʃn] (24653/9170)
Vocabulary: remuneration
(once / 2768 pages)
n
When you politely refuse your neighbor’s offer of remuneration for your efforts with the lawn, you may have made a mistake. Remuneration refers to payment for a service, so the neighbor was basically offering you cash.
If it makes you uncomfortable to talk about your wages, you can use the word remuneration instead — the word has a remote sound to it that makes it seem like you aren’t talking about money even though you are. It’s a formal way to refer to payment for work or other services. You might see this word in contracts, policies, and other official documents that refer to payments.
WORD FAMILY
remuneration: remunerations+/ remunerate: remunerated, remunerates, remunerating, remuneration, remunerative, remunerator/ remunerative: remuneratively, unremunerative
USAGE EXAMPLES
The study, commissioned by the investment association CFA UK, said the increase in executive remuneration was largely driven by performance-based pay.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
That paycheck is considerably less than the remuneration for Mr. Dauman, who was removed as Viacom chief executive this year.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Surprisingly, more Africans receive remuneration this way - 11% - than those in the promised land of Europe.
BBC(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 酬报; 偿还; 酬金; 工资
分布：报酬(85%)，酬劳(10%)，赔偿(5%)
→来自 remunerate,付酬，支付报酬。
US [-nə'reɪ-] formal
noun [S or U]
■payment for work or services 酬报；给…酬劳
• They demanded adequate remuneration for their work. 他们要求为他们的工作偿付足够的报酬。
• In return for some caretaking duties, we are offering a free flat and a small remuneration. 我们会为看管者提供免费住宿的公寓和一小笔酬金，以示回报。
• a remuneration package 一揽子酬金方案
n. [劳经] 报酬；酬劳，赔偿
 - compensation, payment, consideration, satisfaction, reward

Word: principled
Front: principled
[ˈprɪnsəpld] (16244/20196)
Vocabulary: principled
(once / 2651 pages)
adj
If you decide to take a lower grade rather than cheat on a test, you are making a principled decision, or one that is based on moral rightness.
Most people have a set of principles or basic moral rules that they follow. These might include not stealing, not cheating, and treating people as you would like to be treated. Decisions made following these rules are principled, as are people who follow their principles often. If you take a principled stance on censorship, your defend or refute it actively based on your convictions.
WORD FAMILY
principled: unprincipled
USAGE EXAMPLES
But this principled response, though valid, fails to address some big questions implicit in the populist complaint.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Attacking the most principled among themselves is an attack on Christians’ best chance for survival in the public square.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Moreover, he is universally considered decent and able, pragmatic and principled, affable but steely.
Economist(Oct 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 原则性强的，有（道德）原则的; 刚正
分布：有原则的(65%)，原则性的(35%)
【记】源于：principle（n 法则；原则）
['prɪnt.sɪ.pld] formal
adjective
■always behaving in an honest and moral way 有道德（原则）的；原则性强的
• She was a very principled woman. 她是一个品德高尚的人。
■based on moral rules 依据道德准则的
• The Church is taking a principled stand against the conflict. 教会采取的是反对冲突的原则立场。

Word: reappear
Front: reappear
[ˌri:əˈpɪə(r)] (9045/7580 -1)
Vocabulary: reappear
(once / 606 pages)
v
When something shows up again, it reappears. A diver can plunge into the water from the diving board, swim underwater, and reappear at the far end of the pool.
A magician might make your ten dollar bill disappear, but it's not a great trick if she doesn't then make it reappear. You may think your winter cold is over until the symptoms — sneezing and coughing — reappear suddenly. Anything that goes away and comes back reappears. The word adds the "again" prefix re- to appear, from its Latin root apparere, "come in sight."
WORD FAMILY
reappear: reappearance, reappeared, reappearing, reappears+/ appear: appearance, appeared, appearing, appears, disappear, reappear / appearance: appearances, nonappearance/appearing: appearings/ disappear: disappearance, disappeared, disappearing, disappears/disappearance: disappearances/disappearing: disappearings/reappearance: reappearances
USAGE EXAMPLES
He first appeared with Trump during the spring’s Indiana primary and reappeared at rallies in the Midwest during the general-election stretch run.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He first appeared with Trump during the spring’s Indiana primary and reappeared at rallies in the Midwest during the general election stretch run.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In 1980 she reappeared in The Empire Strikes Back and, three years later in the third Star Wars film, Return of the Jedi.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vi. 再（出）现; 再发生
时态：reappeared, reappearing, reappears
分布：再出现(100%)
再出现(re+appear出现)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
US [-'pɪr] verb intransitive
■to appear again or return after a period of time 再出现；重新显露
• Ten minutes later she reappeared from the storeroom holding the paint. 10分钟后她拿着油漆从储藏室出来了。

Word: reparation
Front: reparation
[ˌrepəˈreɪʃn] (宝 13025/15753 -1)
Vocabulary: reparation
(once / 1741 pages)
1n 2n
If you guessed that reparation is related to the word repair, you were right. Both come from the Latin word meaning "to restore." While reparation has a range of meanings, they all convey the sense of fixing or making up for a past wrong.
In contemporary usage, the plural form is more common than the singular. Victims of a crime, for example, may receive reparations from the perpetrators. A defeated nation may be forced to pay reparations to its victorious enemies. Many have suggested that the United States government should provide reparations to the descendants of slaves. The word almost always has legal or political connotations, and it conveys the sense of restitution — often expressed in money — for wrongdoing.
WORD FAMILY
reparation: reparations+/ disrepair: disrepairs/ irreparable: irreparably/ repair: disrepair, repaired, repairer, repairing, repairs, reparable, reparation /repaired: unrepaired/repairer: repairers/ reparable: irreparable
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the deal fell short of the survivors’ demand that Japan pay formal reparations and accept legal responsibility for what they endured.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Namibia speaks of reparations, but Germany rejects the term.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Negotiations between the German and Namibian governments over possible reparation payments are expected to be completed and result in an official apology before next June.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 赔偿（款项）; 修理; 修理工作; 维修工程
分布：赔偿(62%)，补偿(38%)
→来自 repair,修复。引申词义赔偿，补偿，赔款等。
[ˌrep.ə'reɪ.ʃən] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■payment for harm or damage 赔偿；补偿；弥补
• The company had to make reparation to those who suffered ill health as a result of chemical pollution. 这间公司不得不向那些受化学污染危害而健康状况不佳的人士作出赔偿。
n. 赔偿；修理；赔款
 - satisfaction, renovation

Word: sufficiency
Front: sufficiency
[səˈfɪʃnsi] (研 24932/19239 -1)
Vocabulary: sufficiency
(once / 3172 pages)
n
A sufficiency is an adequate amount of something. Before a winter storm, you should probably make sure you have a sufficiency of food stored in your house.
The noun sufficiency means the quality of being enough, adequate, or sufficient. Due to financial constraints, your local school district may be willing to settle for educational sufficiency, but hopefully you will hold the district to a higher standard than offering merely an adequate education to students. The opposite of sufficiency is insufficiency, meaning an inadequate amount. Of the two, you will likely hear insufficiency more often than sufficiency in conversation.
WORD FAMILY
sufficiency: sufficiencies+/insufficiency: insufficiencies/ insufficient: insufficiency, insufficienter, insufficiently/self-sufficient: self-sufficiency/ suffice: sufficed, suffices, sufficiency, sufficient, sufficing/ sufficient: insufficient, self-sufficient, sufficienter, sufficientest, sufficiently /sufficing: self-sufficing
USAGE EXAMPLES
As if that wasn’t a sufficiency of unpredictability, there will be critical elections in Germany and France, the EU’s two most significant actors.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Friday’s announcement says the awards were part of the $32.5 million awarded around the nation through HUD’s Resident Opportunities and Self Sufficiency Service Coordinators Program.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The incoming administration will focus on the facts and the sufficiency of the process already in place.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 充足，充裕; 足量; 自满
分布：自满(80%)，充裕(20%)
→suffice,使足够，足以，-ency,名词后缀。
[sə'fɪʃ.ənt.si] formal
noun only singular
■an amount of something that is enough for a particular purpose 足量，充足
• "More ham, Mr Fletcher?" "No thank you - it was delicious, but I've had a sufficiency (= I have eaten enough)." “再来点火腿吧，弗莱彻先生?” “不，谢谢-味道很不错，不过我已经吃够多了。”
n. 足量，充足；自满
 - plenty, amplitude, enough

Word: solicitor
Front: solicitor
[səˈlɪsɪtə(r)] (托 17384/1625 -3)
Vocabulary: solicitor
(once / 1059 pages)
1n 2n
If you get into trouble in England, don't ask for a lawyer. Find a solicitor. England has two levels of attorneys: for big problems, you'll need a barrister, but for your hypothetical legal troubles, a solicitor should do nicely.
Some highly place attorneys in the U.S. are also called solicitors. The lawyer in charge of government cases that come before the Supreme Court is the Solicitor General, and that was Elena Kagan's job before President Barack Obama appointed her to the Supreme Court. Solicitor isn’t always a privileged position. The person who knocks on your door asking you to contribute to some worthy cause is also a solicitor — someone who asks for — or solicits — donations.
WORD FAMILY
solicitor: solicitors, solicitorship+/ solicit: solicitation, solicited, soliciting, solicitor, solicits/ solicitation: solicitations/solicited: unsolicited /solicitorship: solicitorships/ unsolicited: unsolicitedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
This was despite him sending information to Concentrix, including a solicitor's letter and a tenancy agreement, showing he was a single parent.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
Theodore B. Olson, a Time 100 honoree, served as Solicitor General under George W. Bush, whom he represented in Bush v.
Time(Nov 30, 2016)
Solicitors say people are increasingly using their will to say they want social media updated after death.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 初级律师; 恳求者，求婚者; 〈美〉掮客，募捐人
分布：律师(100%)
→solicit,请求，恳求，求助，-or,人。即被求助的人，用于指法务官，事务律师。
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a type of lawyer in Britain and Australia who is trained to prepare cases and give advice on legal subjects and can represent people in lower courts （英国和澳大利亚的）初级律师，事务律师，诉状律师
• a firm of solicitors 事务律师事务所
n. 律师；法务官；募捐者；掮客
 - advocate, lawer

Word: uncompromising
Front: uncompromising
[ʌnˈkɒmprəmaɪzɪŋ] (15487/11481 -1)
Back: adj. 不妥协的，坚定的; 不肯通融的; 强硬的，坚决的; 不屈的，严厉的
分布：不妥协的(78%)，不让步的(12%)，强硬的(10%)
US [-'kɑ:m-] adjective
■If people or their beliefs are uncompromising, they are fixed and do not change, especially when faced with opposition （尤指遭到反对时人或其信念）不妥协的，不让步的，强硬的
• The city council has taken an uncompromising stand against the proposals for the new building. 关于建新大楼的提案，市政委员会持强硬的反对态度。
adj. 不妥协的，不让步的；坚定的
 - committed, confirmed, firm, stable, decisive

Word: theocracy
Front: theocracy
[θiˈɒkrəsi] (宝 20909/39335)
Vocabulary: theocracy
(once / 6389 pages)
n
When religious doctrine is the law of the land, most likely you're living in a theocracy. There's not a lot of room for dissent in theocracies, where religious leaders are in charge and say they are speaking for God.
Notice the similarities between theocracy and democracy? In Greek, theo- means "God" and -kratia "power or rule." A democracy is ruled by dēmos, "the people." An autocracy is one ruled by a single person with absolute power, like a king (or your mom). In theocracies, God rules.
WORD FAMILY
theocracy: theocracies, theocratic+/theocratic: theocratically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Sunni Muslim countries are wary of the Shiite Houthis and their suspected backing by Iran’s Shiite theocracy.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
The Sunni Muslim kingdom and its partners are wary of the Shiite Houthis and their suspected ties to Iran’s theocracy.
Washington Post(Dec 10, 2016)
This inspires other countries to follow our lead and gives us standing to advocate for democracy over theocracy and authoritarianism.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 神权政治（国家）
分布：神权政治(64%)，神权政体(25%)，神权国家(11%)
→theo-,神，神权，-cracy,统治，词源同 democracy.
神权统治(theo神+cracy)[cracy=rule,表示"统治或政体";crat=ruler,表示"统治者"]
神权政治(theo+cracy统治)[the(a)=god表示"神"]
【记】theo神，cracy统治：神权政治。The指独一无二的东西，原指上帝－神。
【参】theism（n 有神论）；atheism（n 无神论）；autocracy（n 独裁统治）
US [-'ɑ:.krə-] noun
countable
■a country that is ruled by religious leaders 神权政治国家
uncountable
■when a country is ruled by religious leaders 神权政体；神权政治
n. 神政；神权政体；神治国（复数theocracies）
 - thearchy

Word: whisk
Front: whisk
[wɪsk] (6314/9969 -2)
Back: vt. 拂，掸; 搅拌; 挥动
vi. 飞奔，疾过
n. 掸，轻抹; 扫帚; 毛掸子; 搅拌器
时态：whisked, whisking, whisks
分布：拂(29%)，搅拌(25%)，搅拌器(21%)，扫帚(10%)，迅速移动(9%)，毛掸子(6%)
→来自weis,旋转，搅动，来自wei的扩大格，弯，转，词源同wind,wire,-k，表语音。
verb
REMOVE 移开
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to take something or someone somewhere else suddenly and quickly 突然拿走，快速带走
• Our coffees were whisked away before we'd even finished them. 我们的咖啡还没有喝完就被匆匆拿走了。
• We only had half an hour to see her before she was whisked off to some exotic location. 在她被匆匆送往国外某地之前，我们只有半个小时时间和她会面。
• Her husband whisked her off to Egypt for her birthday. 她丈夫突然把她带到了埃及，为她庆祝生日。
[wɪsk] verb
BEAT FOOD 搅打食物
transitive
■to beat eggs, cream, etc. with a special tool in order to add air and make the food light 搅打（鸡蛋、鲜奶油等）
• Whisk the egg whites until stiff. 搅打蛋清，直到变稠为止。
• Remove mixture from heat and whisk in the brandy and vanilla essence. 把混和好的原料从火上拿开，搅入白兰地和香草精。
[wɪsk] noun countable
■a kitchen tool which you use for beating food such as eggs and cream in order to add air and make it light （厨房中的）搅拌器
• an electric whisk 电动搅拌器
• a hand-held whisk 掌上型搅拌器
vt. 拂，掸；搅拌；挥动
 - mill, mix round
vi. 飞奔，疾过
 - tear, belt down
n. 搅拌器；扫帚；毛掸子
 - mixer, agitator

Word: unheard
Front: unheard
[ʌnˈhɜ:d] (11640/13738)
Back: adj. 没有听到的，不予倾听的; <古>前所未闻的
分布：听不到的(78%)，未被注意的(22%)
US [-'hɝ:d] adjective
go unheard
■to not be listened to or considered 未被倾听；未被理会
• We complained but as usual our voices went unheard. 我们投诉了，但像往常一样没人理会。

Word: wagoner

Word: chum
Front: chum
[tʃʌm] (托 16347/14323 -1)
Vocabulary: chum
(once / 592 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A chum is a friend or a pal. You and your best chums might spend the weekend camping together.
The informal word chum is more common in Britain than the US, but you can still talk about your school chums or the new chum you made on a Caribbean cruise. Another kind of chum couldn't be more different from a buddy: it's chopped up fish parts used as bait on a fishing boat. This meaning comes from the Scottish chum, "food," while the first definition was Oxford University slang for a roommate or "chamber fellow."
WORD FAMILY
chum: chummed, chumming, chummy, chums+/chummy: chummier, chummiest, chummily, chumminess
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Bull” is prototypical network prime-time chum: Each self-contained episode revolves around a single legal case; the protagonist is an omniscient, infallible, borderline unethical white man.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Mr Fillon, who is chums with Vladimir Putin, urges a rapprochement with Russia and a strategic alliance with Syria in order to defeat Islamic State.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
Drawing on corporate connections, their old school chums and their own money, they were able to get government and business alike to act.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 密友; 鱼饵; 室友
vi. 成为好朋友; 用鱼饵钓鱼
分布：密友(47%)，结为密友(19%)，鱼饵(16%)，用鱼饵钓鱼(12%)，成为室友(6%)
→俚语，来自chamber, 即同处一室的人，室友。
noun countable old-fashioned informal
■a friend 朋友；伙计；伙伴
• They were old school/college chums. 他们是老校友／大学校友。
• [as form of address] That's all right by me, chum. 我没问题，伙计。
[tʃʌm] verb (-mm-)
[tʃʌm] verb (-mm-)
  Phrasal Verbs  chum up UK old-fashioned informal
■to become friends 成为朋友
• She chummed up with some girls from Bristol on holiday. 她假期里跟几个从布里斯托来的女孩成了好朋友。
n. 室友；密友
 - familiar, room-mate

Word: implosion
Front: implosion
[ɪm'pləʊʒn] (20384/43459)
Vocabulary: implosion
(once / 23975 pages)
n
An implosion is the abrupt, violent collapse of something large. When an old building needs to be removed to make way for new structures, implosion is often used as a controlled way to destroy it.
A real scientific implosion happens when the pressure inside and outside of an object vary so much that the object is crushed, or collapses in on itself. This can happen, for example, to a submarine under water or to a collapsing star in the galaxy. The implosion of a building involves careful small explosions that make the middle fall as the sides collapse inwardly.
WORD FAMILY
implosion: implosions+/ implode: imploded, implodes, imploding, implosion
USAGE EXAMPLES
In The Implosion of Meaning in the Media, the philosopher Jean Baudrillard describes this kind of voter alienation as a tactic.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Le Pen is already relishing the challenge and happily watched Sunday’s implosion of Italy’s political establishment.
Seattle Times(Dec 05, 2016)
“I think the NFL is 10 years away from an implosion,” the Dallas Mavericks owner told reporters in March 2014.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 向心聚爆; 内爆; 向心压挤; （文化等的）集中
分布：向内破裂(67%)，向内爆炸(33%)
内暴[pold=bignoise,表示"大声音"]

Word: debatable
Front: debatable
[dɪˈbeɪtəbl] (托 16978/14144 -1)
Vocabulary: debatable
(once / 6637 pages)
adj
We know the sky is blue and the earth has one moon. But is there life on other planets? Such a question is debatable, meaning it is subject to disagreement or doubt.
If you've ever seen politicians or anyone else have a debate, then you already have a pretty good idea of what debatable means. Something is debatable if there's reason to doubt it. If you say you're going to play in the NBA someday, but you're very short, your plans are debatable. Many issues, like how to create more jobs, are debatable because there isn't one correct answer to them.
WORD FAMILY
debatable: debatably+/ debate: debatable, debated, debater, debates, debating/debater: debaters
USAGE EXAMPLES
So on one level, almost half the voters wanted some kind of change—that is not debatable.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Other parts of the law like partisan affiliations for judges are debatable, but this is no threat to democracy.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
It’s debatable how such behavior might impact the locker room, but what about the people outside of it?
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 可争辩的; 成问题的; 未定的
分布：成问题的(100%)
US [-tˌə-] adjective
■not clear, not certain, not fixed; possibly not true 具争议的，不确定的；成问题的
• [+ question word] It 's debatable wh ether a university degree helps at all. 大学学位是否有用是一个具争议的话题。
• The value of some of the experiments is debatable. 有些实验的价值还有待确定。
adj. 成问题的；可争论的；未决定的
 - problem, unsettled

Word: inconceivable
Front: inconceivable
[ˌɪnkənˈsi:vəbl] (托 13249/11355 -1)
Vocabulary: inconceivable
(once / 1187 pages)
adj
If something is inconceivable, it doesn’t seem possible, it’s hard to imagine, or it can’t be true. It might seem inconceivable that a society would choose to pay bankers more than teachers, but it’s true.
When an idea or event is inconceivable, it's so outlandish, amazing, or horrible that it’s hard to believe. The horrible acts committed by the Nazis during the Holocaust are inconceivable on many levels, yet we know they occurred. Some things are inconceivable because they really wouldn't happen — for example, it's inconceivable that you would actually eat your hat.
WORD FAMILY
inconceivable: inconceivability, inconceivableness, inconceivably+/ conceivable: conceivability, conceivableness, conceivably, inconceivable / conceive: conceivable, conceived, conceiver, conceives, conceiving, conceptive, misconceive, preconceive/conceived: ill-conceived /conceiver: conceivers/ concept: conceive, conception, concepts, conceptual, conceptualize / conception: conceptional, conceptions/ conceptual: conceptualise, conceptualism, conceptuality, conceptually/conceptualise: conceptualisation/conceptualism: conceptualistic/conceptualization: conceptualizations/ conceptualize: conceptualization, conceptualized, conceptualizes, conceptualizing/inconceivability: inconceivabilities/misconceive: misconceived, misconceives, misconceiving, misconception / misconception: misconceptions/preconceive: preconceived, preconceives, preconception/preconception: preconceptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
No. 1 Alabama hasn’t lost in so long that the thought of being upset by No. 4 Washington is inconceivable to those around the program.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
What scholars think: “It’s not inconceivable,” said historian Mark Weston, who wrote a book about presidents who lost the popular vote.
Time(Dec 02, 2016)
What mattered most to the media was Mr. Trump’s character flaws—and it was inconceivable that voters would have different priorities.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 不能想像的，不可思议的，难以置信的; 〈口〉难于相信的，惊人的
分布：不可思议的(75%)，难以置信的(25%)
→in-,不，非，conceivable,可想象的。
【记】conceivable（adj 可能的；可想像的）；conceive（v 构思；怀孕）
adjective
■impossible to imagine or think of 不能想像的；不可思议的
• The idea that they might not win was inconceivable to them. 他们可能赢不了的念头对他们来说是不可想像的。
• It would be inconceivable for her to change her mind. 要她改变主意是不可想像的。
■extremely unlikely 极不可能的
• Another nuclear accident in the same place is virtually/almost inconceivable. 同一地方再次发生核事故简直／几乎是不可能的。
• It is not inconceivable (= It is possible) that she could be lying. 她有可能在说谎。
adj. 不可思议的；难以置信的；不能想象的；非凡的
 - remarkable, extraordinary, magic, mysterious, incredible

Word: inflammatory
Front: inflammatory
[ɪnˈflæmətri] (10408/7458 -1)
Vocabulary: inflammatory
(once / 3019 pages)
adj
In medical terms, something that is inflammatory causes a local reaction that shows up by swelling, heat, pain, and redness. If you are stung by a bee, you may have an acute inflammatory reaction to the sting.
The noun inflammatory also refers to something that excites anger, violence, rebellion, or similar strong emotions. In this case, the noun usually refers to speech or writing. If you are a politician, inflammatory speeches may be one tool you use to incite your constituents to vote against the corruption of your opponent. After all, a stirring speech about rights people may lose if an election goes a certain way is more likely to get out the vote than a more understated discussion.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
inflammable / inflammatory
Inflammable and inflammatory can be confused with one another, but they also offer their own source of confusion with the prefix in-.
Inflammable refers to something that is easy to set on fire; something flammable. How can inflammable mean the same as flammable? True the prefix in- can mean not, as in inaccurate. But it can also be used as intensifier meaning in or into. It's that second prefix at work here. Something inflammable is something that's capable of not just being lit on fire but being easily lit on fire.
The fire created panic in the area as the spot is surrounded by dying units that produce highly inflammable chemicals.
However, we suspect that a spark in inflammable material or gas leakage might have caused the incident.
You can improvise your own personal ashtray by using an old tin of breath mints, or something similarly inflammable.
Inflammatory is also related to fire, although figuratively, and makes use of intensifier in-. Used literally, inflammatory describes something that is inflamed, that is, red, swollen, and hot. Muscle and tissue often become inflamed, and an inflammatory disease, such as arthritis, cause parts of the body to become so inflamed.
A novel treatment option for inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis seems to be underway.
Used figuratively, inflammatory describes something that incites anger or violence. It inflames people's emotions or responses.
This is false, inflammatory rhetoric.
The protestors have been known for their inflammatory remarks and signs.
The root of inflammable and inflammatory give you a clue to their meaning with the idea of fire. Inflammable is a literal fire: something that can be easily set on fire. Inflammatory is a figurative fire, whether with swollen joints or angry words.
WORD FAMILY
inflammatory: anti-inflammatory, inflammatorily, noninflammatory, pro-inflammatory+/ flame: flame-colored, flamed, flames, flaming, inflame /flaming: flamingest, flamingly, flamings/ inflame: inflamed, inflames, inflaming, inflammation, inflammatory /inflamed: inflamedly/inflaming: inflamings/ inflammation: inflammations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The infection sets off a cascade of events that ramps up inflammatory and immune response, Powers says.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Occasionally, the drugs provoke a severe auto-immune response, resulting in potential toxicities including inflammatory lung, liver and thyroid disorders.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
They are part of the body’s inflammatory response that protects people from infection.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 令人激动的; 有煽动性的; 炎性的，发炎的
分布：煽动性的(51%)，发炎的(35%)，炎症的(14%)
→来自inflammation,炎症，发炎。
煽动性的(inflame+atory→让别人发怒→煽动性的)[flam,flagr=blaze,表示"火焰"]
US [-tɔ:r-] adjective
ANGER 使人激愤的
■intended or likely to cause anger or hate 使人激愤的；煽动性的
• The men were using inflammatory language /making inflammatory remarks about the other team's supporters. 这些人恶语攻击另一支球队的支持者。
UK [ɪn'flæm.ə.tər.i] US [-tɔ:r-] adjective
SWELLING 发炎的 specialized
■causing or related to swelling and pain in the body 发炎的；引发炎症的
adj. 炎症性的；煽动性的；激动的
 - excited, hot

Word: leaky
Front: leaky
[ˈli:ki] (托 14906/19936)
Vocabulary: leaky
(once / 4979 pages)
1adj 2adj
Leaky things accidentally allow water (or gas) to pass through them. A leaky bucket is a bad thing, and a leaky diaper is even worse.
A leaky hose lets water squirt out at different points, and a leaky helium balloon plummets to the ground, deflating as it falls. You can also talk about a leaky government, or a leaky newsroom — in other words, a group or a person guilty of exposing information that's meant to be kept secret or confidential. This kind of leak is a "deliberate disclosure of information," and it dates from the 1950s.
WORD FAMILY
leaky: leakier, leakiest, leakily, leakiness+/ leak: leakage, leaked, leaker, leaking, leaks, leaky /leakage: leakages/leaker: leakers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The athletes’ village was unfinished, all leaky pipes, faulty locks and unlit stairwells.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
And the leaky defense allowed Boston to shoot 48.4 percent from the field.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
In exchange for tending the landowner’s animals in their remote mountain village, the Chavez family got the use of a leaky wooden shack.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 有漏洞的，有漏隙的，渗漏的
级别：leakier, leakiest
分布：出现裂缝的(50%)，泄漏的(50%)
adjective
■Something that is leaky has a hole in it and liquid or gas can get through 漏的，泄漏的
• leaky pipes 有裂缝的管道
• a leaky valve 漏气的阀门
adj. [电] 漏的；有漏洞的
 - seepy

Word: maidan

Word: multitude
Front: multitude
[ˈmʌltɪtju:d] (研六托雅宝 8435/8452 -1)
Vocabulary: multitude
(once / 196 pages)
n
A multitude is a very large number or a huge crowd. If you see a multitude of zombies approaching, you're in trouble.
Sometimes the word multitude refers to the common people, or the masses — that is, everyone in a society apart from the political elite. There are a lot of words and phrases for this, like hoi polloi, which is Greek for "the many," and "the great unwashed." Those last two terms are usually used in a disapproving way, but multitudes is generally a positive term. If you were to say that a leader inspired the multitudes to rise up against their oppressor, we'd assume that you sympathized with the multitudes.
WORD FAMILY
multitude: multitudes, multitudinous +/ multitudinous: multitudinously, multitudinousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The cash they send home builds homes, funds small businesses, refurbishes churches and schools, and provides sustenance for multitudes.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Lightning, who because of a multitude of injuries dressed just 11 forwards and seven defensemen, lost two skaters in the second period.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
This is a positive development, in that it mitigates one of the raging multitude of ethical breaches that the Trump presidency will usher in.
Salon(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 大量，许多; 大众，人群
分布：大量(44%)，多数(31%)，群众(25%)
→multi-,许多，多个，-tude,名词后缀。
多数;群众(multi+tude状态→多的状态→多数)[multi-表示"很多,很多"]
n.众多,大量He has a multitude of friend.他有许多朋友.
US [-tˌə.tu:d] noun formal
a multitude of
■a large number of people or things 许多，众多
• The city has a multitude of problems, from homelessness to drugs and murder. 这个城市存在着很多问题，从无家可归到吸毒和谋杀，不胜枚举。
• This case has raised a multitude of questions. 这个案例引出了许多问题。
the multitude
■a large crowd of people 人群
• He stepped out onto the balcony to address the multitude below. 他走上讲台，向台下的人群发表演讲。
the multitudes
■large numbers of people 众多的人
• the multitudes using the Internet 众多使用网际网路的人们
■the ordinary people who form the largest group in a society 大众，民众
UK ['mʌl.tɪ.tju:d] US [-tˌə.tu:d] noun formal
cover / hide a multitude of sins humorous
■to prevent people from seeing or discovering something bad 隐瞒实情；遮掩缺点
• Large sweaters are warm and practical and hide a multitude of sins. 宽大的毛衣既暖和又实用，而且还能遮掩一大堆缺点。
n. 群众；多数
 - majority, mass

Word: medication
Front: medication
[ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃn] (3149/8710 -2)
Vocabulary: medication
(once / 1906 pages)
n
If your doctor prescribes something for you to take, it's medication. Medication is another way to say "medicine" or "drug." Your poison ivy rash might be so bad that you need to take medication to stop the itching.
People need medication for all sorts of illnesses and disorders throughout their lives, from headache medication to medication for cancer treatment. In the fifteenth century, the word meant "medical treatment of a disease or wound," from the Latin medicationem, "healing or cure," with its root in medicus, which means both "healing" and "physician."
WORD FAMILY
medication: medications+/ medicate: medicated, medicates, medicating, medication, medicative/medicative: unmedicative
USAGE EXAMPLES
As he developed tolerance, the pain medications became increasingly ineffective.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
They tally the number of medication errors, the number of patients injured in falls and the number who develop infections after certain types of surgery.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Spurning the American tendency to treat every ailment with medication, he instead explored the body’s ability to heal itself.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 药物，药剂; 药物治疗; 药物处理; 加入药物
分布：药物(76%)，药物治疗(22%)，医药(2%)
→来自medicate,用药物治疗。引申词义药，药物。
noun countable or uncountable
■a medicine, or a set of medicines or drugs used to improve a particular condition or illness 药物，药剂
• He is currently on/taking medication for his heart. 目前他正在服用治疗心脏病的药物。
• In the study, patients were taken off their usual medications. 在这项研究中，病人不再服用他们惯服的药物。
medication, remedy, chemical, medicine, cure, drug
这组词都有“药”的意思，其区别是：
medication: 指医生开给病人用的一切药物，从最简单的阿斯匹林到最复杂的药物。
remedy: 普通用词，侧重指对恢复健康有效的药品或治疗方法。
chemical: 多指工业或化学中的药品，有时也指医药中的药品。
medicine: 普通用词，可指药物的总称，也指一切有利于健康的东西。
cure: 比remedy更强调使身体恢复健康的疗法或良药。
drug: 普通用词，含义广泛，可指任何用于预防或治疗肉体上或精神上疾病的药品。用复数形式，多指毒品。
n. 药物；药物治疗；药物处理
 - drugs, pharmaceutical

Word: nostalgic
Front: nostalgic
[nɒ'stældʒɪk] (10502/11416 -1)
Vocabulary: nostalgic
(once / 2344 pages)
adj
You feel nostalgic when you miss your childhood, people you know but haven't seen in a while or the things that bring you comfort, like the nostalgic memories you feel when you listen to the songs you loved when you were little.
The adjective nostalgic is often used to describe someone who is homesick and wants to be back at home with family. It always involves a wistful memory of times that now seem better or simpler. A nostalgic feeling can involve home and family, but it can also involve a longing for long-gone moments. Even beloved things, such as old TV shows or athletes from a different era may provoke the feeling of nostalgia.
WORD FAMILY
nostalgic: nostalgia, nostalgically+/ nostalgia: nostalgias
USAGE EXAMPLES
Watching any Indian shows gets us nostalgic for India.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
A little flat, without emotion, but so detached that it becomes melancholy and instantly nostalgic.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
When we did, we often fell back on big moments of nostalgic reflection.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 怀旧的; 乡愁的; 令人怀念的
分布：怀旧的(84%)，乡愁的(16%)
US [nɑ:'stæl-] adjective
■feeling happy and sometimes slightly sad at the same time as you think about things that happened in the past 怀旧的（回忆过去时高兴或伤感的情绪）
• Talking about our old family holidays has made me feel quite nostalgic. 谈起过去我们全家一起渡假的日子，我不禁产生了怀旧之情。
• We'll take a nostalgic look at the musical hits of the '60s. 我们来回顾一下上个世纪60年代轰动一时的音乐。
adj. 怀旧的；乡愁的
 - reminiscent, retrospective

Word: sling
Front: sling
[slɪŋ] (宝 9834/10377 -1)
Back: n. 吊索，鞋带; 投石器; 投掷; [医]悬带
vt. 吊起，悬挂; 投掷; 遣送，押往
时态：slung, slinging, slings
分布：吊索(37%)，投石器(16%)，悬带(12%)，悬挂(9%)，吊起(8%)，投掷(6%)，抛(6%)，遣送(2%)，斯林酒(2%)，驱逐(2%)
→来自古诺斯语 slyngva,扔，投掷，来自 Proto-Germanic*slingwana,旋转，扭转，来自 slenk, 扭转，转动，可能来自 skel,弯，转，相关于 sker,弯，转，词源同 shrimp,scoliosis. 引申诸相关词义。
【记】源于：fling（v /n 投掷）
verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (slung, slung)
THROW 扔 informal
■to throw or drop something carelessly （随便）扔，丢
• Don't just sling your bag on the floor! 别把你的袋子随便扔在地板上！
• If any of the letters aren't interesting just sling them in the bin. 如果那些信没有半封有趣的就扔进垃圾桶好了。
• I'll just sling together a few things (= put what I need to take with me in a bag) and I'll be ready to go. 我收拾几件东西，马上就可以出发。
■mainly UK informal
■to throw or give something to someone 把…扔给，把…扔向
• [+ two objects] Sling me a pen, will you? 能扔支钢笔给我吗？
[slɪŋ] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (slung, slung)
HANG 挂
■to hang something over something, especially in a careless way （尤指随意地）挂
• I usually sling my jacket over the back of my chair. 我通常把夹克挂在椅背上。
[slɪŋ] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (slung, slung)
sling your hook UK slang
■to leave 走开，滚蛋
• She told him to sling his hook. 她叫他走开。
[slɪŋ] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (slung, slung)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] sling sb out mainly UK informal
■to make someone leave a place because they have behaved badly 把（某人）除名，开除（某人）
• She was slung out of college because she never did any work. 因为从不学习，她被学校开除了。
[slɪŋ] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (slung, slung)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] sling sth out mainly UK informal
■to get rid of something unwanted 处理掉，扔掉
• What about these old magazines? Shall I just sling them out? 这些旧杂志怎么办?我该把它们扔了吗？
[slɪŋ] noun countable
■a device which uses a strap, piece of cloth or ropes for supporting, lifting or carrying objects 背带，吊索
• The cylinder was lifted from the seabed in a sling. 圆筒被用吊索吊离海底。
■a device for supporting a broken or damaged arm in which the arm is held in front of the body in a piece of cloth which is tied around the neck （用以支撑伤臂的）悬带，吊腕带
• I had my arm in a sling for six weeks. 我的手臂用悬带吊了六个星期。
■a device like a bag for carrying a baby which is tied to the front or the back of an adult's body （背婴儿的）背兜
■a simple weapon used mainly in the past in which a strap held at the ends was used for throwing stones （旧时用作武器的）投石器，弹弓
n. [机] 吊索；投石器；抛掷
 - riser cable, headwear
vt. 用投石器投掷；吊起
 - trice

Word: unto
Front: unto
[ˈʌntə] (9648/9647 -1)
Back: prep. 对，向; 直到; 在…旁边
分布：给(52%)，对(27%)，直到(20%)，在 ... 旁边(1%)
→un-，直到，来自ant, 前面，词源同ante-, anterior, to, 朝向。比较until.
old use
preposition
■to 朝，向，到
• And the Lord spake unto (= spoke to) him. 上帝对他说了话。
prep. 到，直到；向（等于to）
 - towards, at, to, till, on

Word: punctuate
Front: punctuate
[ˈpʌŋktʃueɪt] (高 9198/11199 -1)
Vocabulary: punctuate
(once / 1298 pages)
1v 2v
Most commonly, punctuate means to insert standard marks (like periods, commas, and exclamation points) into written sentences.
You punctuate sentences to give the reader additional information, such as when a sentence ends, whether or not that sentence is a question, and when a series of words might be a list. You can also punctuate, or emphasize, your words by shouting them or making them ALL CAPS. Occasionally, this verb can also mean "interrupt periodically," as when your cat walks back and forth across your keyboard, punctuating your writing with "shjkpl;" and "pohjxz."
WORD FAMILY
punctuate: punctuated, punctuates, punctuating, punctuation +/ punctuation: punctuations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The silence of the march was punctuated by demonstrators who spoke each name aloud.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
But while the riots and clashes punctuate the country with alarm, it is the hunger that remains the constant source of unease.
New York Times(Jun 19, 2016)
And even 346-pound defensive tackle Dontari Poe managed to throw a touchdown pass in the closing minutes to punctuate the win.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 加标点符号; 不时打断; 加强，强调
vt. 不时打断某事物; 使用标点符号
时态：punctuated, punctuating, punctuates
分布：强调(47%)，不时打断(37%)，加标点于(16%)
→来自拉丁语punctum,点，刺点，来自pungere,刺，击，词源同pungent,point.引申词义打标点符号。
加标点(punct+uate→加上点→加标点)[point,punct=point,make sharp,表示"点,变尖"]
US [-tu:-] verb transitive slightly formal
■to happen or cause something to happen repeatedly while something else is happening; to interrupt something repeatedly 不断打断
• The President spoke at length in a speech punctuated by applause. 总统的长篇大论不时被掌声打断。
• He chatted freely, punctuating his remarks as often as possible with the interviewer's first name. 他自在地闲聊着，在谈论中不时直呼采访者的名字。
UK ['pʌŋk.tju:.eɪt] US [-tu:-] verb transitive
■to add punctuation marks to written words so that people can see when a sentence starts and finishes, or that something is a question, etc. 给…加标点符号
vt. 不时打断；强调；加标点于
 - emphasize, stress, highlight

Word: unproductive
Front: unproductive
[ˌʌnprəˈdʌktɪv] (宝 17328/14719 -1)
Back: adj. 不毛的; 没有产物的，没有收益的; 非生产性的; 徒然的，没有效果的
分布：非生产性的(52%)，徒劳的(24%)，不生产的(16%)，没有收获的(8%)
adjective
■not producing very much 收益很少的；效果不明显的 Opposite productive not having positive results 徒然的；无效的
• It was such an unproductive meeting - we achieved hardly anything. 这是场徒劳无功的会议——我们几乎一无所获。
adj. 非生产性的；徒劳的；不毛的；不生产的
 - empty, hungry, vain, desert

Word: aristocratic
Front: aristocratic
[ˌærɪstəˈkrætɪk] (11815/8835)
Vocabulary: aristocratic
(once / 723 pages)
adj
The word aristocratic describes a person at the highest level of society — such as a prince or a duchess — or those people or things that are so distinguished that they seem to belong to that group.
First used around the 1560s, the adjective aristocratic has origins in the Greek word aristokratia, meaning "government, rule of the best." An aristocratic person usually gains this social status through birthright rather than demonstrated merit. Aristocratic can describe someone or something belonging to this group, like an aristocratic estate or an aristocratic leader, but it can also describe something grand and elegant. You might have an aristocratic expression on your face as you attend a formal party.
WORD FAMILY
aristocratic: aristocratically+/ aristocracy: aristocracies, aristocratic / aristocrat: aristocracy, aristocratical, aristocrats
USAGE EXAMPLES
Grigory Rasputin, a mystic peasant who captivated the Russian imperial court, met his death at the hands of aristocratic enemies 100 years ago.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
My droll, aristocratic Russian-history professor granted me an extension on the final term paper.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
In the 19th century educated liberals regarded nationalism as an expression of popular sovereignty against transnational aristocratic elites.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 贵族的，贵族气派的; 赞成贵族政治的，爱挑剔的
分布：贵族的(78%)，爱挑剔的(11%)，赞成贵族政治的(11%)
ADJ-GRADED
贵族的；贵族式的
Aristocratic means belonging to or typical of the aristocracy.
例：...a wealthy, aristocratic family...富有的贵族家庭
例：He laughed it off with aristocratic indifference.他带着贵族式的漠然对其一笑置之。
adj. 贵族的；贵族政治的；有贵族气派的
 - noble, nobiliary

Word: whittle
Front: whittle
[ˈwɪtl] (托宝 15062/18676 -1)
Vocabulary: whittle
(once / 3248 pages)
v
To whittle is to pare or carve away. Wood carvers whittle pieces of wood, removing bit by bit until what's left is a sailor with a yellow raincoat or a lone wolf howling at the moon.
Whittle can also mean to reduce an amount or number of items. In this sense, it is commonly paired with the words away or down. A courtroom attorney might "whittle away" at a defendant's alibi until the truth emerges. You might "whittle down" a to-do list or "whittle away" at your student loan debt every month. But only a highly skilled wood carver can whittle a chunk of pine into that old salty dog with a yellow raincoat.
WORD FAMILY
whittle: whittled, whittler, whittles, whittling+/whittler: whittlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
But eventually we eliminated the contenders whom we considered to be unqualified or disagreeable, whittling our choices down until only two major candidates were left.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
It explores how environments whittle away at the soul and morals of the underserved.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The Huskies trailed by as many as 27 in the second half but whittled away at the deficit.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: v. 切，削（木头）; 削弱; 减少
n. 屠刀
时态：whittled, whittling, whittles
分布：削减(100%)
→可能来自whet,磨，使锋利。
【记】whit（n 一点儿），tle：一点儿一点儿的减少－逐渐减少
US ['wɪtˌ-] verb transitive
■to make something from a piece of wood by cutting off small thin pieces （用木头）削制，削成
• An old sailor sat on the dockside, whittling a toy boat. 一名老水手坐在码头边，用木头削制一只玩具船。
UK ['wɪt.l] US ['wɪtˌ-] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  whittle away at sth
■to gradually reduce the size or importance of something 削减；削弱
• A series of new laws has gradually whittled away at the powers of the trade unions in this country. 一系列新的法律已经逐渐削弱了工会在这个国家中的权力。
UK ['wɪt.l] US ['wɪtˌ-] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] whittle sth down
■to gradually reduce the size of something or the number of people in a group 使缩小；使（人数）减少
• We had eighty applicants for the job, but we've whittled them down to six. 这个职位我们有80位申请者，我们已经将其筛减到了六位。
vt. 削；削减；切；削弱
 - break, log
n. 屠刀
 - butcher knife

Word: blonde
Front: blonde
[blɒnd] (雅 6949/6183 -K2)
Vocabulary: blonde
(once / 1215 pages)
adjn
Blonde (with an "e" at the end) is usually used to describe the yellowish-colored hair of a female. Marilyn Monroe had famously blonde hair, but only from bleaching — she was naturally a brunette.
Marilyn Monroe's hair was so famous she actually starred in a movie called Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. There the noun blonde is used to mean a person (a woman) with light-colored hair and skin. So you can either say, “She is blonde," or “She is a blonde,” and they mean the same thing — that she has fair hair. When describing a male's yellowish hair or light-colored stained wood, you will more often see blond without the silent "e" at the end. The addition of the "e" in the feminine form of blonde is of course a holdover from its French origin.
WORD FAMILY
blonde: blonder, blondes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Truth be told, I listen to 4 Non Blondes’ “What’s Up” every week, but I play it nonstop on New Year’s Eve.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
A pale, blonde female security guard sat alone in a surveillance room: naked.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Leia was a princess who looked like me, in the age of the 70s blue-eyed blondes, and in my family.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 白肤金发碧眼女人
adj. （头发）亚麻色的，金色的; 白皙的; 白肤金发碧眼的
分布：金发女郎(67%)，金发碧眼的(24%)，白皙的(9%)
→词源同blend, 混合。指金色和棕色的混合颜色。
US [blɑ:nd] adjective (also blond)
 ADVANCED
■with pale yellow or gold hair 有浅黄色（或金色）头发的
• blonde hair/highlights 金发／金黄色挑染的头发
• a blonde woman/a blond man 金发女子／男子
UK [blɒnd] US [blɑ:nd] noun countable
■a woman with pale yellow or gold hair 金发女郎
• Who's the blonde talking to Bob? 与鲍勃讲话的那个金发女郎是谁？
UK [blɒnd] US [blɑ:nd] noun countable
Blondes have more fun. saying
■said to express the common belief that men are more attracted to women with blonde hair and give them more attention 金发女郎更迷人。
adj. 亚麻色的；白皙的；白肤金发碧眼的
 - fair, flaxen

Word: cautionary
Front: cautionary
[ˈkɔ:ʃənəri] (宝 13544/19459 -1)
Vocabulary: cautionary
(once / 8730 pages)
adj
When something is cautionary, it’s meant to be a warning to you. Your parents might be fond of telling cautionary tales, like the one about the girl who got electrocuted sticking a knife into the toaster.
While driving, look for cautionary signs warning you of potential danger: falling rocks, kids crossing, hidden driveway. You might use cautionary words: “Watch your step! There’s glass all over the floor!” Don’t confuse cautionary with cautious, which means trying to avoid danger. Tell a cautionary tale about someone drowning because he swam too far out into the ocean and an overly cautious kid might decide never to swim again.
WORD FAMILY
caution: cautionary, cautioned, cautioning, cautions, cautious, incaution, precaution +/ cautious: cautiously, cautiousness, incautious, overcautious/ incautious: incautiously, incautiousness/overcautious: overcautiously/ precaution: precautional, precautionary, precautions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rousey’s dominance then difficulty should serve as a cautionary tale to fighters everywhere.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
This serves as a cautionary tale for medical professionals, journalists, and laypeople alike to resist clinical indictments based on hearsay, if not outright imagination.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
Today, it’s seen as a cautionary tale at best, and a fraud at worst.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 警告的; 提醒注意的; 告诫的; <英>担保的
分布：警告的(63%)，警戒的(37%)
US ['kɑ:.ʃən.er.i] formal
adjective
■giving a warning 警告性的；劝告的
adj. 警告的；劝诫的
 - warning, admonitory

Word: audacious
Front: audacious
[ɔ:ˈdeɪʃəs] (托宝 16335/19357 -1)
Vocabulary: audacious
(once / 1243 pages)
adj
This adjective is very bold — if you are audacious, you are daring and unconventional!
The adjective audacious comes from the Latin word audacia and means "daring, boldness, courage," and often gets applied in situations where someone does something pretty unusual, like becoming an astronaut and going to the moon. It can also mean challenging conventions and doing things that most people don't do, such as when Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman in the United States to become a doctor. Blackwell then inspired Elizabeth Garrett Anderson to become the first female doctor in England. And the rest is history!
WORD FAMILY
audacious: audaciously, audaciousness+/ audacity: audacious, audacities
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s just one of several audacious dishes from this up-and-coming young chef.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
And only by accident did he attempt the NBA’s most audacious shot.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
The audacious hero rises to the occasion, exhibiting grace under pressure at the 11th hour, reported the Juneau Empire.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 大胆的; 鲁莽的; 大胆创新的
分布：放肆的(45%)，无畏的(37%)，大胆创新的(18%)
→来自拉丁词audeo, 勇敢。词义贬义化。
大胆的(aud大胆+acious;名词:audacity大胆)[-acious表形容词"有特征的,多...的"]
【记】auda鲁莽，cious多…的－鲁莽的
【反】circumspect（adj 慎重周到的）『meticulous极为慎重的』；timid（adj 胆小的）
US [ɑ:-] adjective
■showing a willingness to take risks or offend people 大胆的；敢于冒险的；鲁莽的；放肆的
• He described the plan as ambitious and audacious. 他认为这是一项伟大而大胆的计划。
• an audacious remark/suggestion 大胆的评论／建议
adj. 无畏的；鲁莽的
 - fearless, intrepid

Word: buff
Front: buff
[bʌf] (12249/14978 -1)
Vocabulary: buff
(once / 761 pages)
1nadj 2vn 3n 4v
Buff is a busy word. If you’re a movie buff, you’re a film fan! If you’re in the buff, you’re naked. If you are buff, your muscles are toned. To buff is to polish. It’s also a creamy yellow. Whew.
You may decide to paint your living room buff or write a long letter on buff-colored stationery. There is also a soft-surfaced, yellowish kind of leather that's called buff, which is where the word came from — it was called buffe leather, or "leather made of buffalo hide," in the 16th century, and the practice of polishing leather gives buff its meaning as a verb: to polish.
WORD FAMILY
buff: buff-colored, buffed, buffer, buffest, buffing, buffly, buffs, rebuff +/ buffer: buffered, buffering, buffers/ rebuff: rebuffed, rebuffing, rebuffs
USAGE EXAMPLES
The team is a mix of fresh-out-of-college history majors, retired teachers, actors and government buffs.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Kennedy Leonard led the Buffs with 19 points.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“I wouldn’t be surprised if Trump gets in there and buffs it up,” he said of Camp David, which was built in the 1930s.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 米色; 爱好者; 黄褐色软皮革（尤指水牛皮或黄牛皮革）; 黄皮军装上衣
adj. 浅黄色的; 米色的黄褐色软皮革（尤指水牛皮或黄牛皮革）; 黄皮革制的; <美，俚>健美的
vt. 用软物擦亮（金属）; 使皮革柔软; 减低（力量）; 减弱
vi. 作缓冲器，缓冲
时态：buffed, buffing, buffs
分布：爱好者(33%)，浅黄色(27%)，抛光(25%)，缓冲(11%)，光身子(4%)
→来自buffalo leather, 水牛皮，黄褐色。爱好者义来自美国历史上1820年纽约志愿者救火队的制服颜色，这群志愿者在当时享有非常大的声誉。
noun countable informal
■a person who knows a lot about and is very interested in a particular subject 爱好者
• a computer/opera/film buff 电脑／歌剧／电影爱好者
[bʌf] noun countable informal
in the buff informal
■naked 赤身裸体的
[bʌf] adjective
COLOUR 颜色
■(of) a pale yellowish brown colour 淡黄褐色（的），米色（的）
• a buff envelope 米色信封
[bʌf] adjective
HEALTHY 健康的
■If a man is buff, he has a body that is a good shape, as if he has done a lot of exercise. （看似因做了许多运动而）体型健美的
• He was spotted on the beach looking extremely buff. 他在海滩上出现，身材看上去十分健美。
[bʌf] verb transitive
■to rub an object made of metal, wood or leather in order to make it shine, using a soft, dry cloth （用软布）擦亮

Word: czechoslovakia

Word: cutter
Front: cutter
[ˈkʌtə(r)] (六 9379/7926 -1)
Back: n. 切削者，切割机; 独桅纵帆船; 小艇，小型武装快艇; 轻便雪橇
分布：切割器(44%)，快艇(25%)，裁剪者(14%)，小艇(10%)，轻便雪橇(7%)
N-COUNT
切割工具;裁剪工具
A cutter is a tool that you use for cutting through something.
例：...a pastry cutter.面团分切机
例：...wire cutters.钢丝钳
N-COUNT
切割工;剪裁工;减少…的人
A cutter is a person who cuts or reduces something.
例：...a glass cutter...玻璃切割工
例：He has been using every opportunity to boost his credibility as a budget cutter.他一有机会就吹嘘自己削减预算的能力。
N-COUNT
小艇;接应船
A cutter is a type of boat.
n. 刀具， [建] 切割机；切割者；裁剪者
 - bit tool, dicing saw

Word: deviation
Front: deviation
[ˌdi:viˈeɪʃn] (六宝 6460/6723)
Vocabulary: deviation
(once / 2083 pages)
n
Anything that varies from the accepted norm or standard is called a deviation. It is common in math and science, but it can refer to anything that differs from the expected.
Deviation in nature is an important part of evolution. When something causes a creature’s DNA to change, it creates a deviation, or a changed characteristic. If the deviation makes the organism better able to survive, it passes the change on to its descendants. People are naturally given to change, so there are deviations in critical thought as well as in math and science. Those deviations often account for the creativity that gives rise to new ideas, or theories, or even musical styles.
WORD FAMILY
deviation: deviationism, deviations+/ deviance: deviances/ deviate: deviance, deviated, deviates, deviating, deviatingly, deviation /deviating: undeviating/deviationism: deviationist/deviationist: deviationists/undeviating: undeviatingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
A deviation in supermarket chicken prices of that magnitude would have cost U.S. grocery shoppers billions of dollars in recent years.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
Rather than scrutinize your period blood for any unusual characteristics, she recommends keeping an eye out for deviations from your normal flow or schedule.
Time(Nov 16, 2016)
Any deviation will jeopardize the parade and everyone watching.
Washington Times(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. 背离，偏离; 离经叛道的行为; [航]偏航; [数]绝对偏差
分布：偏离(89%)，出轨(7%)，背弃(4%)
偏向[vi,via,voy=way,表示"道路"]
N-VAR
偏常;反常;离经叛道
Deviation means doing something that is different from what people consider to be normal or acceptable.
例：Deviation from the norm is not tolerated.不能容忍离经叛道行为。
例：...sexual deviation...性变态
N-VAR
(统计学中的)离差，偏差
In statistics, deviation is the difference between the value of one number in a series of numbers and the average value of all the numbers in the series.
例：A 10 to 15 percent deviation is considered acceptable.10%至15% 的离差是可以接受的。
n. 偏差；误差；背离
 - differences, error

Word: duo
Front: duo
[ˈdju:əʊ] (9022/10383 -1)
Vocabulary: duo
(once / 2531 pages)
n
A duo is a pair of things or people. Batman and Robin are a famous dynamic duo, but a duo is any two people doing something together, not just crime fighting. In fact, a duo usually entertains.
You can complain that you can't find a duo of matching socks, but it's more common to use duo for people who perform together. For example, Penn and Teller are a magician duo, and Laurel and Hardy were a comedy duo. If you and your sister play your ukuleles together in the subway for tips, you're also a duo. Originally, a duo was a song written for two voices, from the Latin meaning of duo, "two."
WORD FAMILY
duo: dui, duos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Floyd was acquired last month after the Cardinals released him following a DUI arrest in Arizona.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
He was claimed off waivers Dec. 15 after the Cardinals released him following a DUI arrest in Arizona.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Police believe he was under the influence and he remains jailed on manslaughter, DUI and other charges.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 二重唱; 二人组
分布：“一对”(34%)，表示“二”(33%)，成对的表演者(33%)
→来自拉丁语，词源同two. 引申词义搭档。
US ['du:.oʊ] (plural duos)
noun countable
■a pair, especially of singers, musicians or other performers （歌手、乐手等的）二人组合，一对拍档
• the comedy duo Laurel and Hardy 劳雷尔和哈迪这对喜剧拍档
n. 二重奏；二重唱；二人组
 - duet

Word: dictatorial
Front: dictatorial
[ˌdɪktəˈtɔ:riəl] (18295/19498 -1)
Back: adj. 独裁的; 专横傲慢的; 盛气凌人的; 独断
分布：独裁的(69%)，专政的(31%)
US [-'tɔ:r.i-] disapproving
adjective
■liking to give orders 独裁的；专制的；专横的
• a dictatorial ruler/government 独裁统治者／政府
• Her father is very dictatorial. 她父亲非常专横。
adj. 独裁的，专政的；专横傲慢的
 - autarchic, autocratical

Word: exemplary
Front: exemplary
[ɪgˈzempləri] (托宝 10187/11496 -1)
Vocabulary: exemplary
(once / 2064 pages)
adj
Exemplary people excel at what they do and are excellent examples to others. Something exemplary is so good that it is an example for others to follow.
When something is the best it can be or reaches the highest point, it is exemplary and thus worth imitating. Exemplary comes from the Latin exemplum, meaning "sample" or "example." While some people and things are held as examples of what not to do, an exemplary person or thing is always a positive example. A country can have an exemplary record of preventing pollution, and a person may have an exemplary reputation just for being all-around praiseworthy or noble.
WORD FAMILY
exemplary: exemplarily+/counterexample: counterexamples/ example: counterexample, examples, exemplary, exemplify, unexampled/exemplification: exemplifications/ exemplify: exemplification, exemplified, exemplifies, exemplifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Hidden Figures” is a film of calm and bright rage at the way things were—an exemplary reproach to the very notion of political nostalgia.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
But it is exemplary of a future that big companies are already imagining.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
For some, The Leap is a delight, a perfectly legal combination of exemplary teamwork and thrilling athleticism.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 典型的; 示范的; 惩戒性的
分布：模范的(63%)，可仿效的(37%)
【参】exemplar（n 模范；标本）；ex出，empl＝empt拿：拿的出手－模范。exemplify（vt 例证；作为…例子）
US [-plɚ.i] adjective
■very good and suitable to be copied by other people 优异的；值得仿效的；（可作）楷模的
• His tact was exemplary, especially considering the circumstances. 他的外交手腕堪称典范，尤其是考虑到当时的情形。
[before noun]
■describes a punishment that is severe and intended as a warning to others （处罚）惩戒性的
• The judge awarded exemplary damages. 法官判罚损害赔偿金，以儆效尤。
adj. 典范的；惩戒性的；可仿效的
 - emulable

Word: enjoyable
Front: enjoyable
[ɪnˈdʒɔɪəbl] (高 9019/6001 -K2)
Vocabulary: enjoyable
(once / 2127 pages)
adj
Enjoyable is an adjective that describes anything full of delight and fun. Woohoo!
If you’re able to enjoy something, it’s enjoyable. If it’s pleasurable, fun, and you want to do it more, it’s enjoyable. Different people find different things enjoyable. While shoe shopping might be enjoyable to you, it might not be for your best friend. She might find mud wrestling more enjoyable.
WORD FAMILY
enjoyable: enjoyableness, enjoyably+/ enjoy: enjoyable, enjoyed, enjoyer, enjoying, enjoyment, enjoys/enjoyer: enjoyers/ enjoyment: enjoyments/ joy: enjoy, joyed, joyful, joying, joyless, joyous, joys, overjoy / joyful: joyfuler, joyfulest, joyfully, joyfulness/joyless: joylessly, joylessness/ joyous: joyousest, joyously, joyousness/ overjoy: overjoyed, overjoys
USAGE EXAMPLES
Doing so transformed the drama from a respectable adaptation into an enjoyable TV series.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
A chance encounter with Stewart on Radio 4 led me to one of the most unexpected and enjoyable reads of 2016.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
What’s bad for the republic is good for columnists and cartoonists, though this time, I admit, the muse’s generosity is less enjoyable.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 愉快的，快乐的
分布：愉快的(84%)，有趣的(16%)
adjective
 ADVANCED
■An enjoyable event or experience gives you pleasure 使人快乐的；令人愉快的；有乐趣的
• a very enjoyable game/film 其乐无穷的游戏／引人入胜的电影
• Thank you for a most enjoyable evening. 谢谢你，我们今晚很开心。
adj. 快乐的；令人愉快的
 - pleasant, lovely, grateful, festival, cheerful

Word: henchman
Front: henchman
[ˈhentʃmən] (19778/20929)
Back: n. <贬>心腹，党羽，喽啰
分布：跟随者(34%)，党羽(33%)，忠实的追随者(33%)
→来自古英语hengest,种马，雄马，来自kenkest,马，进一步来自ekwo,马，词源同hippo,equine.即养马的人，马夫，引申词义心腹随从，亲信。词义演变比较marshal.
noun countable disapproving
■someone who does unpleasant or illegal things for a powerful person 党羽，爪牙，帮凶
• Like other dictators, he tried to distance himself from the dirty deeds carried out by his henchmen. 像其他独裁者一样，他尽量不插手党羽们下流的行为。
n. 亲信；追随者；（美）走狗；侍从
 - janissary, follower

Word: linear
Front: linear
[ˈlɪniə(r)] (研六托雅宝 5802/4880 -1)
Vocabulary: linear
(once / 3592 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj 4adj
Something linear is like a line. The adjective usually refers to something that follows an expected order or sequence — like railroad tracks or even the progression of a disease.
Drawn from the word line, something linear follows that concept, coming from the Latin līneāris, "belonging to a line." You might come across the word in mathematics, as in a "linear equation," or in electronics, with a "linear circuit." It also can be used to refer to a written work that follows a "linear narrative." If a movie has lots of flashbacks and happens out of order, it does not have a linear narrative. You might find such a movie puzzling but enjoyable, or you might prefer something some chronological and linear.
WORD FAMILY
linear: interlinear, linearise, linearity, linearize, linearly, nonlinear+/interlineal: interlineally/ line: lineal, linear, lineation, lined, linelike, liner, lines, lining, reline, underline/lineal: interlineal, lineally/linearity: linearities/lineation: lineations/lined: unlined/liner: liners/ lining: linings/reline: relined, relining/underline: underlined, underlines, underlining
USAGE EXAMPLES
In such a realm of skyscrapers, its 10 metres is nothing, just a squat linear scrap of rubble fit to be cleared.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
For many years, Dr. Drell was a key figure at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, a laboratory operated by the Energy Department.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Representation in interactive media may be even more important than it is in linear entertainment.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 直线的，线形的; 长度的; <数>一次的，线性的; 通过单独的若干阶段来发展
分布：线性的(54%)，直线的(23%)，长度的(23%)
→来自line,线。
线的,直线的(line+ar)[line=line,表示"直线,线条"]
线的(line线)[-ar 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,物"]
a.线的,直线的,线状的;长度的;线性的Under the guideline, the output of streamlined seamless liners declines linearly.在该方针的指引下,流线型无缝班机的产量直线下降.
US [-ɚ] adjective
LINES 线
■consisting of or to do with lines 线的，直线的，线性的
• a linear diagram 线性图
UK ['lɪn.i.ər] US [-ɚ] adjective
LENGTH 长度
[before noun]
■relating to length, rather than area or volume 长度的
• linear measurement 长度单位
UK ['lɪn.i.ər] US [-ɚ] adjective
CONNECTION 联系 formal
■involving a series of events or thoughts in which one follows another one directly 连续的，连贯的；线性的
• These mental exercises are designed to break linear thinking habits and encourage the creativity that is needed for innovation. 设计这些思维训练旨在打破线性思维习惯，激发革新所需的创造思维。
■formal
■describes a relationship between two things that is direct or clear （关系）直接的，明显的
• Is there a linear relationship between salaries and productivity? 薪水和生产效率有直接关系吗？
adj. [数] 线的，线型的；直线的，线状的；长度的
 - longitudinal, thready

Word: incursion
Front: incursion
[ɪnˈkɜ:ʃn] (13983/14821 -1)
Vocabulary: incursion
(once / 2607 pages)
1n 2n
When an army crosses a border into another country for battle, they are making an incursion into enemy territory. An incursion is an invasion as well as an attack.
Incursion can also be used to describe other things that rush in like an army such as an invasive species into a new region or floodwaters entering your home. When an airplane heads onto a runway it is not supposed to land on, risking airport safety, it is known as a runway incursion. And an incursion of cold air could make September feel like December.
WORD FAMILY
incursion: incursions+/ incur: incuring, incurred, incurrence, incurring, incurs, incursion
USAGE EXAMPLES
There was no territorial incursion, the ministry said.
Reuters(Dec 25, 2016)
The Turkish incursion places the U.S. on both sides of an armed standoff between two of its allies.
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
Democratic states and cities will be bulwarks against the worst incursions of a Trump presidency.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 侵犯; 侵入; （河水等）流入; 袭击
分布：入侵(84%)，侵犯(16%)
→in-,进入，使，-curs,跑，词源同course,cursive.
侵入,袭击(in进入+curs+ive)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
【记】in进入，cur跑，sion－跑进外国领土－入侵
【反】retreat（n /v 撤退；退却）
US [-'kɝ:-] noun countable
■a sudden attack on or act of going into a place, especially across a border （尤指跨越边境的）侵入，侵犯
• incursions into enemy territory 攻入敌方领土
formal
■when people suddenly involve themselves in another person's private situation （对他人私生活的）介入，侵犯
n. 入侵；侵犯
 - violence, invasion, infringement

Word: hospitality
Front: hospitality
[ˌhɒspɪˈtæləti] (研六雅 8356/6053 -1)
Vocabulary: hospitality
(once / 410 pages)
n
A reputation for hospitality means you're known for being kind and welcoming to visitors, which may also mean that you always have a full house at Thanksgiving.
Hospitalitem is a Latin word meaning "friendliness to guests," so it's not hard to see where the word hospitality comes from. Showing hospitality involves making others feel comfortable and welcome in your home. If you're grumpy and prefer to be left alone, this word probably won't ever be used to describe you, nor are you likely headed for a career in the hospitality industry.
WORD FAMILY
hospitality: hospitalities+/ hospitable: hospitableness, hospitabler, hospitably, hospitality, inhospitable / inhospitable: inhospitableness, inhospitably, inhospitality/inhospitality: inhospitalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Shapira reprimanded the prime minister again that same year, saying living and hospitality expenses for both his official residence and private home were exorbitant.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Eventually I reached Obsidian Vineyard, where I encountered another instance of Kiwi hospitality.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The frenzied “media,” and worn-out hospitality staffs and political party gurus yearning to be free.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 殷勤好客; 招待，款待; （气候，环境等的）宜人，适宜
分布：好客(46%)，款待(36%)，殷勤(13%)，酒店管理(5%)
→来自hospitable,好客的。
好客,殷勤的(hospit+ality表性质名词)[hospit,host=guest,表示"客人"]
好客,(hospit客人)[-ality表名词"状态,性质"]
n.好客,殷勤,款待The people of your village showed me great hospitality.你们村里的人对我非常殷勤好客.
US [ˌhɑ:.spɪ'tæl.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■when people are friendly and welcoming to guests and visitors 热情好客；殷勤；友好
• The local people showed me great hospitality. 当地人对我非常地热情友好。
■the food, drink, etc. that an organization provides in order to keep its guests happy （待客用的）食物，饮料；招待，款待
• The company's guests at Ascot are entertained in the corporate hospitality area. 在阿斯科赛马会上，该公司的客人在团体招待区内受到了款待。
hospitality, hostility
这是一组形近易混词。
hospitality: n.热情招待，殷勤好客。
 • We enjoyed the hospitality of friends at their country home.   朋友们在乡下的居所热情地招待了我们，使我们过得很愉快。
hostility: n.来自与形容词hostile(不友善的，敌对的)，敌意，对抗。
 • You can feel the hostility coming from that man.   你可以感觉到那个人的敌意。
n. 好客；殷勤
 - complaisance, gallantry

Word: milwaukee
Front: milwaukee
[milˈwɔ:kiˌ:] (-/36187)
Back: 密尔沃基（美国威斯康星州东南部港市）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: ludicrous
Front: ludicrous
[ˈlu:dɪkrəs] (雅宝 11008/9509 -1)
Vocabulary: ludicrous
(once / 910 pages)
adj
Ludicrous things are funny, absurd, or nonsensical. If someone says something silly or far-fetched, you could say "That's ludicrous!"
Ludicrous originally meant something that was funny, playful, or joking: a ludicrous comment was just a really funny comment. Over time, ludicrous took on a more negative flavor. Now a ludicrous statement might be funny, but it's also ridiculous, hard to believe, off the wall, or even stupid. When people say "That idea is ludicrous!" it usually means the idea could never happen: the notion is laughable. Saying Neil Armstrong was the third President would be a ludicrous statement.
WORD FAMILY
ludicrous: ludicrously
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s ludicrous and arbitrary,” according to Devinsky, who says getting government approval for his epilepsy trial required dozens of hours of extra work.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“The idea that Mr. Brunson’s arrest was related to his religious affiliation is ludicrous,” a senior Turkish official told me.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Amnesty International called the conviction "ludicrous" and the trial "farcical".
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 可笑的; 荒唐的
分布：可笑的(54%)，滑稽的(25%)，荒谬的(21%)
→来自拉丁语ludere,游戏，玩乐，词源同allude,prelude.
滑稽的,可笑的(ludicr[=lud]+ous→闹着玩的→可笑的)[lud,lus=play,表示"玩,戏剧"]
【记】lud＝lude玩，ous多－玩儿的东西很多－可笑的
adjective
■stupid or unreasonable and deserving to be laughed at 愚蠢可笑的；荒谬的
• a ludicrous idea/suggestion 可笑的想法／荒谬的建议
• He looked ludicrous in that suit! 他穿上那套衣服看上去很可笑！
adj. 滑稽的；荒唐的
 - funny, humouristic

Word: pare
Front: pare
[peə(r)] (宝 13217/19203 -1)
Vocabulary: pare
(once / 1447 pages)
v
To pare is to trim — like when you pare branches on a tree or pare down your expenses to save money.
Pare comes from the Latin word parare, meaning "to prepare." Think of peeling potatoes, which you might do with a paring knife, or paring your nails so you'll make a neat appearance. In each case, you are trimming something gradually. If you pare down your expectations, you might be pleasantly surprised.
WORD FAMILY
pare: pared, parer, pares, paring+/parer: parers/paring: parings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The squash is ready when it is readily pierced with a paring knife.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
There was, however, concerted resistance to the plans even from normally supportive states, which pared it back to 3%.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
I just tried to get something that was absolutely pared down to the bone really, aesthetically absolutely simple.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 削皮; 削减; 修剪（指甲等）
时态：pared, paring, pares
分布：削减(100%)
→来自古法语parer,安排，准备，剪枝，使整洁，来自拉丁语parare,准备，提供，安排，装饰，来自pere,生产，带来，生育，来自*per,向前，词源同for,prepare,parent,appear.由该印欧语词根衍生诸多词义，甚至差异化很大。其中主要用于如下三种词义：生育，准备，出现。
【记】拼：怕热，所以要用小刀把狗身上的毛削掉。
US [per] verb transitive often + adverb or preposition
■to cut away the outer layer from something, especially a fruit or a vegetable 削（尤指水果或蔬菜的）皮
• He was busy paring apples in the kitchen. 他正忙着在厨房里削苹果。
• Pare off any bits of the carrots that don't look very nice. 把胡萝卜看起来不太好的地方都削掉。
■to reduce something, especially by a large amount （尤指大量地）削减，减少
• The three-hour play has been pared (down/back) to two hours. 这出三个小时的戏被缩短成两小时。
UK [peər] US [per] verb transitive often + adverb or preposition
pare sth (down) to the bone
■to reduce something to a level at which only what is necessary is left 把…缩减到极限
vt. 消减；削皮；剪；修掉（边等）
 - shear

Word: placard
Front: placard
[ˈplækɑ:d] (雅 15468/15073 -1)
Vocabulary: placard
(once / 2056 pages)
nv
A placard is a sign, especially one that advertises something. You might get a summer job standing on the sidewalk, holding a placard that announces a mattress sale — though it may not be your dream job.
A concert poster, a storefront notice, a protest sign carried in a rally — each of these is a type of placard. A placard can be as impermanent as a square of cardboard with a scrawled message, and as official as a permanent plaque marking a historic building. The Old French word plaquier is at the root of placard, and it means "to plaster or to lay flat."
WORD FAMILY
placard: placarded, placarding, placards
USAGE EXAMPLES
Protesters on Sunday held placards in support of the four lawmakers.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
She carries a Homegrown By Heroes placard with her to those markets.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In another, she holds a placard printed with Sojourner Truth’s famous refrain, “Ar’n’t I a Woman,” on a narrow stretch of Canal Street.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 招贴，布告; 标语牌; 海报
vt. 张贴布告于，在…上贴广告; 公布; 悬挂（标语等）
时态：placarded, placarding, placards
分布：标语牌(42%)，海报(28%)，招贴(20%)，公布某事(5%)，张贴布告(5%)
→来自中古英语placard,官方文件，公文，来自中古法语plaquart,贴在墙上，涂刷，来自古法语plaquier,粘，连，贴，来自Proto-Germanic*plagga,一块布，布条，词源同plaque.引申词义标语牌，招贴，海报等。
US [-ɑ:rd] noun countable
■a large piece of card, paper, etc. with a message written or printed on it, often carried in public places by people who are complaining about something 布告；标语牌
• Demonstrators marched past holding/waving placards that said, 'Send food, not missiles'. 示威者举着／挥动着标语牌游行，上面写著「要食物，不要飞弹”。
n. 海报，标语牌；招贴
 - poster, handbill
vt. 张贴，悬挂；公布；张贴公告于
 - post, hang, paste, publish

Word: plaque
Front: plaque
[plæk] (宝 7009/7687 -1)
Vocabulary: plaque
(once / 4621 pages)
1n 2n
A plaque is a sign that memorializes a person or event, such as the plaque on a building noting the person it's named after or the year it was built.
Plaque comes from the French word for "plate," meaning not a dinner plate, but a little brass or tin plate that can be mounted on a wall. If you take a tour of Civil War battlefields, you'll find that historical societies often use plaques to commemorate soldiers or particular events. Plaque is also a hard buildup in the body, like the plaque on your teeth that the dentist likes to scrape off.
WORD FAMILY
plaque: plaques
USAGE EXAMPLES
Roger Clemens fails to get votes necessary for Baseball Hall of Fame, hurls bat shard at Mike Piazza’s plaque in Cooperstown.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A plaque notes that the command’s political commissar at the time was Xi Zhongxun, the father of the president of China, Xi Jinping.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Hanging on the wall near Smith’s birthday cake was this plaque: “Time spent flying is not deducted from one’s lifespan.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 匾，饰板; 胸章，徽章; [医]血小板
分布：匾(72%)，饰板(14%)，徽章(8%)，名牌(6%)
→来自法语plaque,金属板，词源同placard.引申词义牌匾，匾额。
【记】plaque＝play＋que：玩时不能缺血小板，否则血流而死。Plague也可以想成玩时缺，缺了瘟疫才能玩。
US [plæk] noun
FLAT OBJECT 扁平物
countable
■a flat piece of metal, stone, wood or plastic with writing on it which is fixed to a wall, door or other object 铭牌；牌匾
• There was a brass plaque outside the surgery listing the various dentists' names and qualifications. 诊所外有一块铜牌，列出了多位牙科医生的名字和专业资历。
• Her Majesty later unveiled a commemorative plaque. 女王陛下随后为一块纪念牌匾揭幕。
⇒ See also plate
blue plaque UK a plaque on the wall of a house which shows that someone famous once lived there 名人故居标示牌；纪念匾
• The blue plaque said 'Charles Darwin, biologist, lived here'. 纪念匾上写著「查尔斯‧达尔文，生物学家，曾经居住于此。”
UK [plɑ:k/ UK [plæk] US [plæk] noun
SUBSTANCE 物质
uncountable
■a substance containing bacteria that forms on the surface of teeth 牙菌斑，牙斑
n. 匾；血小板； [建] [家具] 饰板
 - blood platelet, thrombocyte

Word: peacemaker
Front: peacemaker
[ˈpi:smeɪkə(r)] (17298/23030)
Vocabulary: peacemaker
(once / 19095 pages)
n
A peacemaker is a person who helps others solve a conflict and reach a peaceful solution. Of course Gandhi was a famous peacemaker, but even the volunteer on playground patrol can act as a peacemaker too.
An individual can be a peacemaker, and there are also organizations that work as peacemakers. If two countries are engaged in a long war, for example, peacemakers might help negotiate a truce. Diplomats and mediators are peacemakers, and if you help your angry sisters come to a peaceable agreement about whose turn it is to take out the trash, you're a peacemaker too.
WORD FAMILY
peacemaker: peacemakers
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Hobbs Manthey sees herself not as a combatant in the war over Christmas, but as a peacemaker.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
And with that, Donald Trump can become a peacemaker, or at least a stabilizer, in a volatile region.
Time(Nov 17, 2016)
In Nixon’s first inaugural address, he used the word “peace” fifteen times and said, “The greatest honor history can bestow is the title of peacemaker.”
The New Yorker(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. 调解人，调停人
分布：和事佬(65%)，调解者(35%)
US [-kɚ] noun countable
■a person who tries to establish peace between people 调解人，调停人
n. 调解者；和事佬
 - intermediary, fence-straddler

Word: qom

Word: righteous
Front: righteous
[ˈraɪtʃəs] (雅 10845/14454 -1)
Vocabulary: righteous
(once / 213 pages)
adj
Do you consider yourself a moral person, who tries to do good and be good? If the answer is yes, you are righteous — in the right.
Being righteous literally means to be right, especially in a moral way. Religious people often talk about being righteous. In their view, the righteous person not only does the right thing for other people but also follows the laws of their religion. Heroes like Martin Luther King are often called righteous. On the other hand, this word can be a little negative. If you call someone self-righteous, it means they're a little too sure they're right and better than other people.
WORD FAMILY
righteous: righteousest, righteously, righteousness, self-righteous, unrighteous+/ righteousness: righteousnesses/ self-righteous: self-righteously/unrighteous: unrighteously, unrighteousness/unrighteousness: unrighteousnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even the nickname for the role, Guardian Angel, was freighted with a presumption of unerring perfection and righteous power.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Yet, Marissen concludes, this cantata is a poor vehicle for righteous anger against Jews.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
But this sublimely righteous outburst is posed on a solid meritocratic basis.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 正直的; 正义的; 公正的
分布：公义的(57%)，公正的(39%)，当然的(4%)
→来自古英语 rihtwis,正确的举止，来自 riht,正确的，wis,举止，词源同 wise.后拼写与词义都 通俗化。
正确的(right正确+eous)[-eous表形容词"有…的"]
【记】源于：right（n 正义；adj 正当的）
【反】reprobate（n 堕落者）－righteous individual（正直的人）
['raɪ.tʃəs] formal
adjective
■morally correct 正义的；公正的；正当的
• He was regarded as a righteous and holy man. 他被认为是一个正直而虔诚的人。
• an outburst of righteous anger 义愤的爆发
⇒ See also self-righteous
['raɪ.tʃəs] formal
plural noun
the righteous
■people who behave in a way that is morally correct 正义的人，正直的人
adj. 正义的；正直的；公正的
 - judicial, straight, just, square

Word: queasy
Front: queasy
[ˈkwi:zi] (宝 15330/23627)
Vocabulary: queasy
(once / 15635 pages)
adj
Queasy describes a feeling of nervousness, uneasiness, or anxiety. If you're queasy about making a speech in front of the entire high school, you have a feeling that it won't go well.
Queasy can also mean feeling sick to your stomach. If you eat a sandwich made of turkey that expired two months ago, you'll likely feel queasy and throw up. If you feel queasy during a flight, both meanings of the word can apply: you may be queasy — as in anxious — because you're afraid of flying. And you may also be queasy — as in sick to your stomach — as a result of the air turbulence.
WORD FAMILY
queasy: queasier, queasiest, queasily, queasiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
According to Almond, “The queasy irony here is that Stewart and Colbert are parasites of the dysfunction they mock.”
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Hence the queasy sensation the ground was falling away.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Her work induces cringes, queasy laughter and sighs of every stripe — pain, shame, outrage.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. （指人）想呕吐的; 感到恶心的; 易反胃的; （指良心等）感到不自在的
级别：queasier, queasiest
分布：不稳定的(32%)，恶心的(28%)，不安的(20%)，反胃的(20%)
→词源不详，可能来自qu-所表示的拟声词，模仿松软，颤动或颤抖的声音，词源同quaver,quiver. 引申词义恶心的，欲吐的。
【记】que缺，easy轻松：不轻松，因为感到反胃的
adjective
■likely to vomit 要呕吐，恶心的
• I started to feel queasy as soon as the boat left the harbour. 船一离港我就开始感到恶心。
• Just the thought of blood makes me queasy. 一想到血我就想吐。
adj. 呕吐的；不稳定的；催吐的
 - unstable, volatile

Word: rabble
Front: rabble
[ˈræbl] (宝 24547/20757)
Vocabulary: rabble
(once / 1672 pages)
n
A rabble is a noisy gathering of people. The police might arrive to calm the rabble that crowds the sidewalks after a huge win for the local football team.
You can use the noun rabble for any mob of angry or excited people, whether it's a political gathering or a rowdy celebration. Rabble also means "commoners," but it's a snobby and somewhat offensive way to talk about ordinary folks: "The king preferred to stay inside his castle, far away from the rabble." Originally, rabble meant "pack of animals."
WORD FAMILY
rabble: rabbles
USAGE EXAMPLES
I proudly support extrajudicial drug murders in the Philippines, because that will really keep the rabble under wraps.
Salon(Dec 15, 2016)
Back then she was in her early 20s, unsure of what this rabble of young bearded revolutionaries might mean for her country.
BBC(Dec 03, 2016)
But there were also computer engineers and famous architects, as well as what the president called “rabble rousers” and philanthropists.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 乌合之众; 暴民; 下等人; 群氓
分布：乌合之众(50%)，暴民(22%)，聚众闹事(8%)，长柄耙(8%)，下层民众(4%)，用拔火棒搅动(4%)，拔火棒(4%)
→可能来自拟声词，模仿喧闹声，吵闹声，-le,表反复。后用于形容没有组织的乌合之众。
【记】rab＝rob，b，le乐：一边抢劫一边乐－暴民
disapproving
noun countable usually singular [+ sing/pl verb]
■a large noisy uncontrolled group of people 乌合之众；暴民
• The defeated army returned home as a demoralized rabble. 这支失利的军队如乌合之众一般失魂落魄地逃回了老家。
• He views his opponents as a mindless rabble. 他视他的反对者们为一帮毫无头脑的乌合之众。
the rabble
■people of a low social position 下等人；贱民
• Her speech stirred the emotions of the rabble. 她的演讲煽动起了下等人的情绪。
n. 乌合之众；暴民；下层社会；（搅炼用的）长柄耙
 - sheep without a shepherd, tagraggery

Word: sabre
Front: sabre
['seɪbə(r)] (27303/22953 -1)
Back: n. 军刀; 马刀; （击剑时用的）尖细的轻剑; 武力威胁
vt. 用军刀斩
分布：军刀(73%)，尖细的轻剑(18%)，用军刀砍杀(9%)
US [-bɚ] noun countable
■a heavy sword with a wide, usually curved blade, used in the past by soldiers on horses 马刀，军刀
■a light pointed sword with one sharp edge used in the sport of fencing （击剑运动中使用的）佩剑，花剑
n. 军刀；马刀；击剑或决斗用的长剑
 - ataghan, saber

Word: rudimentary
Front: rudimentary
[ˌru:dɪˈmentri] (托宝 12107/11841 -1)
Vocabulary: rudimentary
(once / 2245 pages)
1adj 2adj
Rudimentary means basic, or at a very early stage. The test should be easy: it requires only a rudimentary understanding of the materials.
The word rude means simple or offensive––people with only rudimentary understanding of good manners might not know how that belching is rude. Remember that the word rude is the foundation of rudimentary you'll have a rudimentary understanding of the word.
WORD FAMILY
rudimentary: rudimentarily+/ rudiment: rudimentary, rudiments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indeed, Schacter’s own work and contributions from other laboratories suggest that people with amnesia aren’t able to do the most rudimentary exercises in future projection.
The New Yorker(Dec 20, 2016)
Not long ago, voice recognition was comically rudimentary.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Noah’s fairly rudimentary questions got predictably off-the-wall answers rooted in mean-spirited oddity.
Time(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 基本的，初步的; 发育不完全的，未成熟的; 退化的
分布：基本的(69%)，初步的(26%)，未充分发展的(5%)
→rudiment,基本，基础，-ary,形容词后缀。
【记】rudi＝rude（adj 粗鲁的）－还处于粗鲁状态－初步的
【参】erudite（adj 博学的；深奥的）；rudiments（n 初步；入门）
【反】full developed（充分发展的）；fully realized（充分认识的）；highly evolved（高度发展的）
US [-tɚ-] formal
adjective
■basic 基本的；初步的；粗浅的
• Her knowledge is still only rudimentary. 她仍然只是粗通皮毛。
■describes methods, equipment, systems, etc. that are simple and not very well developed 原始的；简陋的；未充分发展的
• specialized Some unusual fish have rudimentary legs. 有些罕见的鱼类长有未发育完全的腿。
adj. 基本的；初步的；退化的；残遗的； [昆] 未发展的
 - elementary, basic, fundamental, essential, primary

Word: rue
Front: rue
[ru:] (宝 22011/16264 -2)
Vocabulary: rue
(once / 306 pages)
1vn 2n 3n
To rue is to feel regret or remorse for something. If that position at the deli ended up involving a reality TV show that made everyone famous, you may rue the day you turned down the job.
Rue comes from the Old English word hreowan, meaning "to make sorry," and rue can still sum up a lot of sorrow in one small syllable. Rue is a modern verb that often looks back on the past. Shakespeare made famous the phrase "rue the day," meaning you bitterly regret a moment. For example, you might rue the day you had your first coffee if you become hopelessly addicted to it.
WORD FAMILY
rue: rued, rueful, rueing, rues, ruing+/ rueful: ruefulest, ruefully, ruefulness/ruefulness: ruefulnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
I voted Trump, and now that vote I rue.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
We will rue the day we forgot that newsgathering is a profession with demanding standards regarding performance and ethics.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Five consecutive defeats later he must be ruing those words.
The Guardian(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: vt. 对…感到后悔
n. <古>悲叹，悔恨; [植]芸香
vi. 感到后悔
时态：rued, ruing, rues
分布：后悔(45%)，懊悔(28%)，芸香(17%)，悲伤(10%)
→来自古英语 hreowan,伤心，懊悔，来自 kreue,击，打。
【记】读：鲁伊（科斯塔），他在佛罗伦萨效力多年没有冠军－后悔。
【反】satisfaction（n 满意）
[ru:] (rueing or ruing, rued, rued) old use or literary
verb transitive
■to feel sorry about an event and wish it had not happened 对…感到懊悔；对…感到后悔；因为…感到遗憾
[ru:] (rueing or ruing, rued, rued) old use or literary
verb transitive
rue the day
■to feel very sorry about an event 追悔莫及
• She'll rue the day (that)she bought that house. 她买了那座房子，以后会追悔莫及的。
vi. 后悔；悲伤
 - repent, be down in spirits
vt. 后悔；懊悔
 - regret, repent
n. 芸香；后悔
 - repentance, penitence

Word: tremor
Front: tremor
[ˈtremə(r)] (托宝 11635/12112 -1)
Vocabulary: tremor
(once / 1250 pages)
nv
A tremor is a trembling or shaking in a person or the Earth. If you're scared about speaking in public you might have a tremor in your voice — or wish that an earthquake tremor would open up the floor and swallow you first.
If you're nervous or feeling queasy as you read a paper aloud, you might get a tremor in your hands and the paper itself will start to shake. When an earthquake rumbles, a powerful tremor might make a building shake so that it looks as fragile as a piece of paper. Not every tremor comes from fear or seismic activity, though: you can tremor or quiver with excitement as you anticipate something enjoyable.
WORD FAMILY
tremor: tremored, tremoring, tremors
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Russian Revoution of 1917 toppled the czar, sent tremors of socialist rebellion throughout Europe and drove Vladimir Lenin into power by year’s end.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
They treated a man from Cornwall who suffered from uncontrollable tremors in his right hand.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Seismologists aren’t sure whether the Hayward’s current built-up tectonic stress will be relieved in one large tremor or a series of smaller, less damaging ones.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 震颤; 战栗; 震颤声; 大地的轻微震动
分布：地震(53%)，震动(20%)，颤动(15%)，战栗(7%)，兴奋(5%)
→来自拉丁语 tremere,颤抖，恐惧，词源同 tremble.-or,名词后缀。
震动;小地震(trem+or)[trem=quiver,表示"颤抖"]
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a slight shaking movement in a person's body, especially because of nervousness or excitement （尤指因紧张或兴奋）颤抖，发抖
• The disease mostly affects people over 50, causing paralysis and uncontrollable tremors. 这种病主要发生在年过50的人身上，能引起瘫痪和难以自制的颤抖。
• There was a slight tremor in her voice. 她的声音微微发颤。
• figurative A tremor of excitement went through the audience as he came on stage. 他走上舞台时，观众兴奋得出现了一阵骚动。
■a slight earthquake 轻微地震，小地震
• The tremor was centered just south of San Francisco and was felt as far as 200 miles away. 这次小震震央就在三藩市南部，200英里以外的地方都有震感。
n. [医] 震颤； [物] 颤动
 - fremitus, zitterbewegung

Word: trunk
Front: trunk
[trʌŋk] (高研四六托雅宝 3533/4993 -2)
Vocabulary: trunk
(once / 191 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
The noun trunk refers to the main stem of a tree. If you want to make maple syrup, you need to tap the trunk of the maple tree and collect the tree's sap, which can then be boiled into a sticky syrup.
The torso of the human body, from the neck to the groin — but not including the head, neck, arms, or legs — is sometimes referred to as the trunk. If you have hives on your trunk, you probably itch on your back, chest and abdomen. The word trunk comes from the Old French word tronc, which referred to the trunk of a tree or a headless body.
WORD FAMILY
trunk: trunks
USAGE EXAMPLES
The driver was charged with vehicular homicide; a judge ordered him to keep his cellphone in the trunk, pending trial.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Their trunks, ten to fifteen feet in diameter, were braced with massive buttresses and knees.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Big, classic American cars fit a driver plus five passengers — and the trunks are huge.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 树干; 象鼻; 躯干; 汽车车尾的行李箱
分布：树干(66%)，躯干(16%)，象鼻(12%)，大箱子(6%)
→来自拉丁语 truncus,树干，躯干，来自 truncare,砍倒，截断，词源同 trench,truncate.引申词义 箱子，衣箱，象鼻，汽车后备箱等。
n.大衣箱,皮箱;(汽车后部)行李箱;树干,躯干The hungry drunk plunged a trunk of lungs into the tunnel under the channel.饥饿的醉汉把一大箱肺投进了水渠下面的隧道.
noun
MAIN PART 主要部分
 ADVANCED countable
■the thick main stem of a tree, from which its branches grow 树干
countable
■the main part of a person's body, not including the head, legs or arms （人体的）躯干
• He's got a thick trunk. 他的躯干很结实。
[trʌŋk] noun
NOSE 鼻子
countable
■an elephant's nose which is long, shaped like a tube and can bend easily 象鼻
[trʌŋk] noun
CASE 箱子
countable
■a large strong case that is used for storing clothes and personal possessions, often when travelling or going to live in a new place 旅行箱
[trʌŋk] noun
CLOTHES 衣服
trunks [plural] (UK also swimming trunks)
■a piece of men's clothing that covers the hips and bottom and the top part of the legs and is worn when swimming （男式）游泳裤
[trʌŋk] noun
CAR 汽车
countable US (UK boot)
■a covered space at the back of a car, for storing things in （汽车后部的）行李箱
• I always keep a blanket and a toolkit in the trunk for emergencies. 我总是在汽车后备箱里放一条毯子和一个工具箱以备急用。
• Her husband's dismembered body was later discovered in the trunk of her car. 她丈夫被肢解的尸体后来在她汽车的行李箱中找到了。
trunk, suitcase
这组词都有“衣箱，箱”的意思，其区别是：
trunk: 指旅行用的坚固的大衣箱。
suitcase: 指装替换衣服等的小型旅行箱，手提箱。
n. 树干；躯干；象鼻；汽车车尾的行李箱
 - stock, bole
adj. [航] [铁路] 干线的；躯干的；箱子的
 - arterial

Word: unspecified
Front: unspecified
[ˌʌnˈspesɪfaɪd] (13801/11581 -1)
Vocabulary: unspecified
(once / 4401 pages)
adj
If something's unspecified, you don't know the specifics, at least not yet. If your housemate offers to trade this week's dishes for next week's dusting and an unspecified chore to be named later, you should consider this offer carefully.
Unspecified's base word, specify comes from the Latin word specificare, which means "to mention particularly." The prefix un means "not," so unspecified is something that is not particularly mentioned. If you've been sent to the store for an unspecified fruit, you might as well get your favorite. Are apples really your favorite?
WORD FAMILY
specified: unspecified +/ specification: specifications/ specify: specifiable, specification, specified, specifier, specifies, specifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Instead they were arrested and detained for unspecified reasons.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The group was also to receive unspecified compensation for what is described in the accord as previously unfair exclusion from Afghanistan’s government.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Malaysia recently arrested seven men allegedly plotting to attack an international school, an entertainment district and an unspecified target in nearby Burma.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 未指明的，未加规定的; 未特别指定（规定）的; 未详细说明的
分布：未指定的(90%)，未加规定的(10%)
adjective
■If something is unspecified, you are not told what it is 未说明的；不明确的
• The court awarded her an unspecified amount of money. 法庭判给她一笔钱，数目不详。

Word: viewpoint
Front: viewpoint
[ˈvju:pɔɪnt] (研四六 6069/5100 -2)
Vocabulary: viewpoint
(once / 2639 pages)
n
Your viewpoint is the particular way you see the world, or your distinct perspective on things. It’s literally your point of view! To stop arguing with someone, try to see things from their viewpoint so you can kiss and make up.
Use viewpoint to talk about a person's individual attitude about things. A parent, for example, often has a different viewpoint about bedtime than a child does. Conflicts in politics come up due to differing viewpoints on issues like taxes, welfare, and defense. Another way to say viewpoint is "point of view." The earliest meaning of viewpoint was in the physical sense, as when you stand on the roof of a building to get a great viewpoint of the city.
WORD FAMILY
viewpoint: viewpoints
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite political, social or religious viewpoints that may divide us, a common allegiance to our team finds us focusing on the same goal.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Organisers of the event think tens of thousands more watched the spectacle from viewpoints across the north and south bank on Sunday evening.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
“Once women start to see women wearing bunker gear, the viewpoint will change,” she said.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 观点，意见，角度; 视角; <物>视点
分布：观点(88%)，看法(12%)
→view,看，point,点。引申词义看法，观点。
n.观点The interviewer reviewed the newspaper and renewed his viewpoint on the news.采访者再次查看了报纸并更新了他对该新闻的看法.
noun countable
SIGHT 视域 UK (US overlook) (Australian lookout)
■a place from where a person can look at something, especially at an area of natural beauty 观察位置；角度
• The viewpoint by the side of the road gave us a stunning panorama of the whole valley. 从路边这个位置我们可以看到整个峡谷的壮观景色。
['vju:.pɔɪnt] noun countable
OPINION 观点
■a point of view
n. [计] 观点，看法；视角
 - perspective, outlook, eye, perception, sentiment

Word: zip
Front: zip
[zɪp] (高研 8896/10485 -1)
Vocabulary: zip
(once / 2741 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
To zip is to close with a zipper. Also, zip means zilch, which is zero or nothing. Make sure to zip your wallet because if everything falls out, you’ll have zip.
Zip as in “to close with a zipper” is short for — you guessed it — zipper. If you're cold, zip up your coat. If you zip your lips, you’re not using a zipper but you’re closing your mouth. Zip meaning “nothing” came from kids in the 1900s when they referred to getting a zero on a test. Now, if you have zip, you have nothing, and not just on a test.
WORD FAMILY
zip: unzip, zipped, zipper, zipping, zippy, zips+/unzip: unzipped, unzipping, unzips/ zipper: zippered, zippering, zippers/zippy: zippier, zippiest, zippily
USAGE EXAMPLES
He finished the second belt, placed it in a plastic bag and zipped it closed.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
On visits to see family in Lebanon, he would zip over borders into Syria or Turkey to stock up on various peppers.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
A patient’s Zip code, she said, determines life expectancy and overall health far more than genetics or access to health care, largely because of poverty.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 拉链; 精力，活力; 尖啸声; 一种程序压缩格式
vt. 给予…速度; 用拉链拉上或扣上
vt. & vi. 尖啸而过; （使沿某方向）快速移动
时态：zipped, zipping, zips
→拟声词，同时用以指拉链。
n.拉链,尖啸声v.拉(拉链),尖啸而过The truck zipped along.大卡车咻地向前飞驶.
noun
FASTENER 扣件
 ADVANCED countable UK (US zipper)
■a fastener consisting of two rows of metal or plastic teeth-like parts which are brought together by pulling a small sliding piece over them, and which is used for closing openings in especially clothing or bags 拉链，拉锁
• to do up/undo a zip 拉上／拉开拉链
• I can't open my bag - the zip has stuck. 我的袋子打不开——拉链卡住了。
[zɪp] noun
SPEED 速度
uncountable informal
■energy; speed 精力；活力；速度
• The new engine has given the car a lot more zip. 新引擎使这辆汽车加速不少。
[zɪp] noun
NOTHING 无
uncountable US informal
■nothing 无，没有
• I know zip about computers. 我对电脑一无所知。
• The Dolphins are leading the Giants fourteen to zip (= by fourteen points to nothing). 海豚队以14比0领先巨人队。
[zɪp] verb (-pp-)
FASTEN 拉上
intransitive or transitive
■to fasten something with a zip 拉上（…的）拉链
• This bag's too full, I can't zip it shut. 这袋子装得太满，拉链都拉不上了。
• This dress zips (up) at the back. 这件连衣裙的拉链在背部。
• Zip your coat up , it's cold outside. 把外套的拉链拉上，外面很冷。
[zɪp] verb (-pp-)
GO QUICKLY 快速移动
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] informal
■to move or go somewhere very quickly 快速移动；迅速去（某处）
• I'm just going to zip along to the shops - I won't be long. 我就去商店转一圈——时间不会很长的。
• We were about to cross the road when a car suddenly zipped past. 我们正准备过马路，这时一辆汽车突然飞驰而过。
⇒ See also zap
[zɪp] verb (-pp-)
COMPUTING 电脑操作
transitive
■to compress (= reduce the size of) a computer file so that it uses less space, and can be more easily sent or stored 压缩（电脑文件）
• If you're desperate for disk space you could zip the file (up) and stick it on a floppy. 如果你的磁盘空间不足，可以把档进行压缩，复制到软碟上。
[zɪp] verb (-pp-)
zip it slang
■a rude and angry way of telling someone to stop talking 表示叫人住嘴（此表达方式粗鲁且充满怨愤）
• Just zip it, mate, I'm fed up with you. 住嘴，伙计，我受够你了。
[zɪp] verb (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] zip sth/sb up
■to fasten a piece of clothing by using its zip, or to help someone close the zip on a piece of clothing they are wearing 拉上…的拉链；帮（某人）拉上拉链
• Could you zip me up, please? 请帮我拉上拉链，好吗？
• Zip up your jacket, it's cold out there. 把上衣的拉链拉上，外面很冷。
n. 拉链；活力，精力；尖啸声，撕裂声；一种程序压缩的档案文件格式
 - energy, vitality, spring, vigor, steam

Word: alfa

Word: disseminate
Front: disseminate
[dɪˈsemɪneɪt] (托宝 9930/11986 -1)
Vocabulary: disseminate
(once / 2231 pages)
v
Disseminate means to spread information, knowledge, opinions widely. Semin- derives from the Latin word for seed; the idea with disseminate is that information travels like seeds sown by a farmer.
Think about a teacher distributing a hand out at the beginning of a class. The dis- of disseminate and distribute come from the same Latin prefix which means "apart, in a different direction." But unlike papers distributed in class, information, once spread around in all directions, cannot be pulled back in. Think about false rumors or political smear campaigns and you'll understand that dissemination is usually a one-way process.
WORD FAMILY
disseminate: disseminated, disseminates, disseminating, dissemination, disseminative, disseminator+/ dissemination: disseminations/disseminator: disseminators
USAGE EXAMPLES
His bizarre ideas, already widely disseminated through his media platforms, now will enjoy access to the bully pulpit of the American presidency.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Starting Sunday, the emergency response system that disseminates information about missing children will only be used for child abductions.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Is the organization building shelters, or providing micro-loans, or disseminating health information?
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 散布，传播
时态：disseminated, disseminating, disseminates
分布：宣传(73%)，散播(19%)，公开(8%)
散布,传播(dis+semin种子＋ate→散布(种子))[dis-①表示"不,消失掉"②表示"分开,分离"]
散布,播种(dis分开+semin+ate→把种子散开→播种)[semin=vseed,表示"种子"]
【记】dis向四面八方，semin种子，精子－散布
【参】seminal（adj 种子的；精液的）
【反】garner（v 储存）；nucleate（v 使成核）
[dɪ'sem.ɪ.neɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to spread or give out something, especially news, information, ideas, etc., to a lot of people 散布，传播，宣传
• One of the organization's aims is to disseminate information about the disease. 该组织的宗旨之一就是宣传关于这种疾病的知识。
vt. 宣传，传播；散布
 - distribute, publicize, transmit
vi. 散布；广为传播
 - shed, put about

Word: inconclusive
Front: inconclusive
[ˌɪnkənˈklu:sɪv] (托 14046/14196 -1)
Vocabulary: inconclusive
(once / 5368 pages)
adj
If something's inconclusive, that means it doesn't lead to a conclusion or a resolution. Inconclusive often describes scientific results. If your data about a flu outbreak is inconclusive, then your results don't prove anything.
A good way to remember the meaning of inconclusive is to look at the root word conclusive, which means "definitive, decisive, and convincing." When you add in- — which means "not" — to the front of conclusive, you get a word that means "not definitive." When something's inconclusive, it doesn't resolve your questions and leaves room for debate. If you're a detective, the last thing you want to hear is that your evidence is inconclusive.
WORD FAMILY
inconclusive: inconclusively, inconclusiveness+/ conclude: concluded, concludes, concluding, conclusion, conclusive / conclusion: conclusions/ conclusive: conclusively, conclusiveness, inconclusive
USAGE EXAMPLES
I think not but the replay was inconclusive.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Mr Rajoy and his conservative Popular Party recently won opposition support to rule as a minority government following an inconclusive general election in June.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
The team once spent three weeks sifting through prepaid-phone records, fake email accounts and inconclusive social media searches to track down a 13-year-old girl.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 不确定的，非决定性的，无结果的; 不能使人信服的; 无效的; 模棱两可
分布：不确定的(51%)，非决定性的(42%)，无说服力的(7%)
→in-,不，非，conclusive,决定性的。
adjective
■not giving or having a result or decision 无结果的；无定论的
• The evidence is inconclusive. 这项证据是没有说服力的。
• The medical tests were inconclusive, and will need to be repeated. 这些医学试验尚无定论，仍需重复进行。
adj. 不确定的；非决定性的；无结果的
 - indefinite, unsure

Word: encroach
Front: encroach
[ɪnˈkrəʊtʃ] (托宝 15316/13721 -1)
Vocabulary: encroach
(once / 1111 pages)
v
To encroach is to overstep your bounds, to take over space or rights that belong to another, like your brother whose mess always encroaches on your side of the room you share.
The verb encroach comes from the Old French word encrochier, meaning “seize, fasten on, catch with a hook.” If people slowly take over what belongs to do, they encroach, like people who encroach on your personal space at a crowded concert, or someone whose questions get more and more personal, which encroaches on your privacy.
WORD FAMILY
encroach: encroached, encroacher, encroaches, encroaching, encroachment +/encroacher: encroachers/ encroachment: encroachments
USAGE EXAMPLES
European populists sought to preserve their national institutions against encroaching Europeanization — a term they use sometimes interchangeably with globalization.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
SAP SE and Oracle Corp. are encroaching on its turf.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Creationists, for example, dispute the evidence for evolution in fossils and DNA because they are concerned about secular forces encroaching on religious faith.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vi. 侵犯; 侵占; 蚕食; 侵蚀
vt. 侵入，侵犯; 侵略，侵占; 侵害; 侵蚀
时态：encroached, encroaching, encroaches
分布：侵占(46%)，侵犯(40%)，侵害(14%)
→en-, 进入，使。-croach, 钩子，词源同crook, crochet.
【记】croach钩－一点一点钩出来－侵占读：给块肉吃－总是管你要肉吃－蚕食
【参】crochet（v 用钩针编织）
US [-'kroʊtʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  encroach on/upon sth
■to gradually take away someone else's rights, or to take control of someone's time, work, etc 逐步侵犯（某人的权利）；慢慢侵占（某人的时间）；逐渐干扰（某人的工作）
• What the government is proposing encroaches on the rights of individuals. 政府打算做的这件事侵犯了个人的权利。
• I resent it that my job is starting to encroach on my family life. 我的工作开始占据本来属于我家庭生活的时间，我很讨厌这一点。
■to gradually cover more and more of an area of land 侵蚀，蚕食（土地）
• They have promised that the development will not encroach on public land. 他们已经承诺这项开发不会侵占公共土地。
encroachment
    UK [ɪnˈkrəʊtʃ.mənt] US [-ˈkroʊtʃ-] noun countable or uncountable
• The new censorship laws are serious encroachments on freedom of expression. 新的审查法是对言论自由的严重侵犯。
vi. 侵占；蚕食；侵蚀
 - eat into, to erode
vt. 侵犯
 - to infringe on, infringe upon

Word: primacy
Front: primacy
[ˈpraɪməsi] (12762/10640 -1)
Vocabulary: primacy
(once / 7314 pages)
n
Something with primacy has first importance. If you are deciding who to take on an all-expenses-paid trip up the Amazon, the quality of being chill and fun might take primacy over the number of years you've been friends.
Primacy comes from primary, meaning first, and it is like a condition of always having first place. If you are the teacher’s pet, you might have primacy over your classmates. You can also talk about primacy within a field. Madonna, Beyonce, and Shakira have all at one time or another achieved primacy in the field of pop music. Keep practicing, maybe you'll be next.
WORD FAMILY
primacy: primacies+/ prime: primacy, primed, primely, primer, primes, primest, priming/ primer: primers/priming: primings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yes, they are conservatives who share a core belief in the primacy of the nation-state.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The majority of the reviews note the primacy and poetry of Wilson’s words.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Such is the primacy of the Kardashian clan in popular culture that no recap of the year would be complete without them.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 首位，第一位; 卓越; （英国教会）大主教的职务
分布：首位(48%)，第一(30%)，卓越(22%)
→来自prime,第一的，主要的，-acy,抽象名词后缀。
主要地位;重要性(prim+acy)[prim=first,chief表示"第一,主要的"]
['praɪ.mə.si] formal
noun uncountable
■the state of being the most important thing 第一位，首要性
• The government insists on the primacy of citizens' rights. 政府坚持把公民权利放在首位。
n. 首位；卓越；大主教的职位
 - predominance, preeminence

Word: jab
Front: jab
[dʒæb] (11904/16244 -1)
Vocabulary: jab
(once / 3261 pages)
vn
When you jab someone, you poke that person. No one on the school bus wants to sit next to the kid who tends to jab people in their ribs with his sharp elbows.
You might accidentally jab a man on the elevator with your umbrella, or jab your annoying brother on purpose when he's talking with his mouth full at dinner. Another kind of jab is a quick, sharp punch, especially the kind you make in martial arts. The word comes from the Scottish job, "to strike, pierce, or thrust," which in turn is rooted in the Middle English jobben, "to jab or thrust."
WORD FAMILY
jab: jabbed, jabbing, jabs
USAGE EXAMPLES
They fought with jabs from a kid quarterback, roundhouses from acrobatic receivers and knockdowns by giant linemen.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
SEE ALSO: Milo jabs Twitter, ‘social justice warriors’ after signing $250K book deal: ‘Be scared’
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He jabbed the bag with his left hand — thwack — and frowned.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 猛刺; 猛击; 猛碰
vi. 戳，刺; 猛击
n. 猛戳; 刺进; 猛碰; 注射
时态：jabbed, jabbing, jabs
分布：戳(41%)，刺(38%)，猛击(21%)
→来自苏格兰语job拼写变体，刺，戳，捅，可能来自拟声词。
verb (-bb-)
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to push or hit something forcefully and quickly, often with a thin or sharp object （用…）刺，戳，捅
• The doctor jabbed the needle into the dog's leg. 医生将针头扎入狗的腿中。
• Watch out! You nearly jabbed me in the eye with your umbrella! 小心！你的雨伞快戳到我眼睛了！
• He was jabbing a finger at (= towards) them and shouting angrily. 他用手指着他们，愤怒地又喊又叫。
intransitive
■to make quick forceful hits with your fist (= closed hand) when boxing （拳击时用拳）猛击
transitive
■to kick a ball hard and quickly 猛踢（球）
• He jabbed the ball into the net in the final minute of the game. 在比赛的最后一刻他一脚劲射将球踢入网窝。
[dʒæb] noun countable
■a quick hard push or hit 刺，戳，捅；猛击
• She gave me a sharp jab in the ribs with her elbow to stop me from saying any more. 她用手肘猛戳了一下我的胸口，不让我再说下去。
• The boxer was floored by a punishing left jab. 拳击手被一记凶狠的左刺拳击倒在地。
■UK informal
■an injection 注射
• a flu jab 流感预防针
• You'll need some jabs if you're going to Egypt. 如果去埃及，你需要打一些防疫针。
vt. 戳；猛击；用拨火棒等捅
 - stick, pink
vi. 戳；刺；用拳猛击
 - run through, poke
n. 戳；猛击；注射
 - injection, dig

Word: ribbon
Front: ribbon
[ˈrɪbən] (研四六托雅 4838/5617 -2)
Back: n. 带; （打印机的）色带; 绶带; 带状物
v. 把…撕成条带; 用缎带装饰; 形成带状
分布：缎带(56%)，色带(27%)，带状物(9%)，用丝带装饰(5%)，撕碎(3%)
→来自古法语 riban,丝带，来自 ruban 拼写变体，来自荷兰语 ringhband,项链，领结，可能来自 ring,环形，band,带子。引申诸相关词义。
n.缎带,丝带,带,带状物The ribbon of the rifle is fabricated with fibre.来复枪的带子是用纤维制作的.
noun
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■a long narrow strip of material used to tie things together or as a decoration （捆扎或装饰用的）带子，丝带，缎带
• Sandra often wears a ribbon in her hair. 桑德拉常在头发上扎条丝带。
• He tied up the present with ribbon. 他用缎带将礼物包扎起来。
a ribbon of sth literary
■a long narrow piece of something 一缕；一条；一排
• A ribbon of road stretched ahead of us across the desert. 沙漠中的一条路宛如一根细长的带子，一直向我们前方延伸。
countable
■a small piece of coloured material given to someone in the armed forces to show approval and admiration for their brave actions 勋带，绶带
countable specialized
■the narrow strip of material that contains the ink for a typewriter （打字机的）色带
• My typewriter needs a new ribbon. 我的打字机得换色带了。
['rɪb.ən] noun
cut/tear sth/sb to ribbons
■to destroy or badly damage something or someone by cutting or tearing them many times 将…割／撕成碎片
• Our new kitten has torn the living room curtains to ribbons. 我们刚养的小猫把起居室的窗帘撕成了碎片。
• figurative The attacking soldiers were cut to ribbons (= killed) by machine-gun fire. 进攻的士兵被机枪打得血肉横飞。
['rɪb.ən] noun
in ribbons
■torn into narrow strips 粉碎；破烂；破碎成一条条
• Her coat was in ribbons. 她的外套被撕成一条一条的。
• His shirt hung in tattered ribbons. 他的衬衫破烂不堪，就像一堆碎布条挂在身上。
n. 带；缎带；（勋章等的）绶带；带状物；勋表
 - belt, band, strip

Word: rep
Front: rep
[rep] (6243/10077 -1)
Back: n. 棱纹平布; 雷普（物体伦琴当量）; <俚>浪子; <俚>默唱
abbr. 代表(representative); 名声(reputation)
分布：名词(100%)
noun
BUSINESS 商业
countable informal
■a sales rep
[rep] noun
THEATRE 剧院
uncountable informal for
■ repertory
n. 棱纹平布；雷普（物体伦琴当量）
 - repp

Word: propulsion
Front: propulsion
[prəˈpʌlʃn] (六托雅宝 10762/21313 -1)
Vocabulary: propulsion
(once / 6900 pages)
n
The act of moving something forward is called propulsion. Propulsion is the force that pushes a rocket into space, that sends a football spiraling toward a receiver's hands, and that moves a strongly kicking swimmer through the water.
The noun propulsion came from the Latin prōpellere, "to push away." The modern meaning of propulsion meaning "the act of moving forward" was first recorded in 1799. In water, flippers, fins, and the wind can aid propulsion. In a general sense, if society is to move forward, we must stop using fossil fuels as our main means of propulsion.
WORD FAMILY
propulsion: propulsions+/ propel: propellant, propelled, propellent, propeller, propelling, propellor, propels, propulsion, propulsive / propellant: propellants/propelled: self-propelled/propellent: propellents/ propeller: propellers/propelling: self-propelling/propellor: propellors/ propulsive: propulsively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The littoral fleet is designed to operate close to shore with steerable jet propulsion.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A similar dragnet at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory would yield plenty of genius-level fluid dynamicists responsible for computerized models of the Earth’s atmosphere.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Listen to the start of “Superstition,” from Talking Book—among the most recognizable drum intros of all time, built entirely on Wonder’s funky propulsion.
Slate(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 推进; 推进力
分布：推进(93%)，推进力(7%)
→来自propel,推进，推动，-s,过去分词后缀。
推进(力)(pro向前+puls+ion→推进;动词;propel)[pel,puls=drive,push,表示"驱动,推"]
推进(propulse推进,pro+pulse冲动)[-ion 1.表名词"动作或状态“2.表示"某种物,用品"]
【记】pro向前，pul推动，sion－向前推－推动力
【参】repulse（v 拒绝；击退）；impulsive（adj 冲动的）
noun
uncountable
■a force that pushes something forward 推进；推动力
• wind propulsion 风力推进
• a propulsion system 推进系统
⇒ See also jet propulsion
n. [力] 推进；推进力
 - drive, pulsion

Word: towel
Front: towel
[ˈtaʊəl] (中高研四六托雅 3682/4814 -K2)
Back: n. 毛巾，手巾; 纸巾
vt. 用毛巾擦
vi. 用毛巾擦干身体
时态：towelled, towelling, towels
分布：毛巾(84%)，手巾(8%)，用毛巾擦(8%)
→来自中古英语 towel,毛巾，来自 toaille,毛巾，来自 Proto-Germanic*thwahilo,洗手布，毛巾布， 来自 twak,清洗，沐浴。-el,小词后缀。引申词义抹布，手巾等。
n.毛巾vt.用毛巾擦或擦干Mr Brown owns the brown towels in the downtown tower.布朗先生拥有闹市区塔里的棕色毛巾.
noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■a piece of cloth or paper used for drying someone or something that is wet 毛巾；纸巾
• She came downstairs after her shower, wrapped in a towel. 她淋浴后裹着毛巾走下楼来。
• The school provides paper towels for the children to dry their hands on. 学校给孩子提供纸巾擦亁手。
[taʊəl] noun countable
throw/chuck in the towel
■to stop trying to do something because you have realized that you cannot succeed 认输；因觉成功无望而放弃
• Three of the original five candidates for the Democratic presidential nomination have now thrown in the towel. 原来竞争民主党总统候选人提名资格的五人中，有三位已经放弃了。
[taʊəl] verb transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to rub something with a towel to dry it 用毛巾擦干
• [+ adj] She towelled her hair dry. 她用毛巾擦亁头发。
• [R] After our swim, we quickly towelled ourselves down and then went to play tennis. 游完泳，我们很快用毛巾擦干身体，然后去打网球。
n. [纺] 毛巾，手巾； [纸] 纸巾
 - tissue, washcloth

Word: stove
Front: stove
[stəʊv] (高研四六托 4388/6609 -K1)
Back: n. 炉，火炉; 窑; 干燥室，烘房
v. 用火炉烤
分布：炉子(96%)，窑(4%)
→可能来自中古低地德语 stove,暖室，沐浴室，来自 Proto-Germanic*stubo,暖室，起居室，加 热的屋子，词源同 stew.该词义为该词原义。后引申词义炉子，炉具。
n.炉子,火炉The beloved novelist put her lovely gloves above the stove.敬爱的小说家把她美丽的手套放在火炉上方.
US [stoʊv] noun countable
■a piece of equipment which burns fuel or uses electricity in order to heat a place （用于取暖的）炉，火炉
mainly US
■a cooker 炉灶
stove, oven, furnace
这组词都有“炉，炉子”的意思，其区别是：
stove: 通常指以柴、煤、气、电等作燃料，用于室内取暖或烧饭的火炉。
oven: 主要指烘烤食物用的炉子、烘箱。
furnace: 指冶炼用的熔炉或烧暖气用的锅炉。也可用作比喻。
n. 火炉； [炉窑] 窑；温室
 - furnace, greenhouse

Word: smallpox
Front: smallpox
[ˈsmɔ:lpɒks] (11581/16583)
Back: n. 天花; 痘疮; 痘
分布：名词(100%)
US ['smɑ:l.pɑ:ks] noun uncountable
■an extremely infectious disease which causes a fever, spots on the skin and often death 天花
n. [内科] 天花
 - variola

Word: totter
Front: totter
[ˈtɒtə(r)] (宝 20047/16056 -1)
Vocabulary: totter
(once / 959 pages)
v
If you spin yourself around until you are dizzy, you will likely totter if you try to step forward. Totter is a verb that means "move unsteadily, as though you are about to fall down."
To totter is to move in a wobbly, unsteady manner. When a person totters, they look like they are going to fall down. In a boxing match, a boxer might totter after taking a blow to the head. During an earthquake, buildings may totter, or sway, appearing as though they may fall down. Totter can also imply a rocking motion; a playground seesaw, for instance, is sometimes called "a teeter-totter."
WORD FAMILY
totter: tottered, totterer, tottering, totters, tottery+/tottering: totteringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wrinkled women totter down tree-lined avenues; geese and chickens wander along village roadsides.
Slate(Nov 28, 2016)
He tottered right into his bowl of food.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Creditors are asking the government to allow the auction of delinquent debtors’ properties to prop up the country’s tottering banks.
New York Times(Oct 31, 2016)
Back: vi. 蹒跚; 踉跄; 摇摇欲坠
n. 蹒跚的步子，动摇，摇晃
时态：tottered, tottering, totters
分布：蹒跚(63%)，摇摇欲坠(37%)
→词源不详，可能来自北欧某语言，比较挪威语 totra,颤抖摇摆，古诺斯语 titra,摇晃，摇摆， 词源可能同 teeter.
【记】读：桃特儿，突然见到桃色的模特儿－摇摇欲坠；步伐蹒跚
US ['tɑ:.tˌɚ] verb intransitive
■to walk in a shaky way that looks as if you are about to fall 跌跌撞撞，踉跄
• She tottered unsteadily down the stairs in her high-heeled shoes. 她穿着高跟鞋跌跌撞撞地走下楼来。
Compare stagger ; teeter to move shakily from side to side 来回摇晃
• Several tall piles of books tottered and fell. 堆得高高的几叠书摇晃了几下就倒了下来。
■(of a company, government, etc.) to become weaker and less likely to carry on existing （公司、政府等）摇摇欲坠，行将灭亡
• The industry has tottered from crisis to crisis now for two years. 两年来，该产业危机不断，风雨飘摇。
vi. 蹒跚；踉跄
 - titubate, barge

Word: tome
Front: tome
[təʊm] (15196/18644 -1)
Vocabulary: tome
(once / 1875 pages)
n
A tome is a large book. If you're pre-med, chances are you're going to have one heck of a tome for your biology class. Tome is often used to refer to a book that is not only really large but also unusually important.
If you generally carry more than one tome to class, invest in a bag with wheels so you don't hurt your back. A tome is big and heavy. "Wow! This tome weighs a ton!" Whatever you do, don't leave your tome at home—you'll wind up in detention! You can also use tome sarcastically to describe a book that clearly isn't large or important. But sarcasm is for advanced users only.
WORD FAMILY
tome: tomes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sao Tome and Taiwan broke ties last week.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Taiwan enjoys diplomatic ties with 21 mostly small countries, a list that shrunk by one after Sao Tome cut ties with Taipei this week.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Taiwan's foreign ministry condemned the move, alleging Sao tome demanded a huge amount of financial support.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 册; 卷; 大而重的书; 一本巨著
分布：大本书(84%)，大部头书(16%)
→来自拉丁语 tomus,书的一册，一卷书，来自希腊语 temnein,切开，分开，来自 tem,切， 分，砍，词源同 atom,anatomy.后引申词义大部头书，巨著。
册,卷(一卷一卷被切开)[tom=cut表示"切割"]
US [toʊm] usually humorous
noun countable
■a large heavy book 大部头书，巨著
• She's written several weighty tomes on the subject. 她就这个主题写过几部鸿篇巨著。
n. 册；大本书
 - volume

Word: trolley
Front: trolley
[ˈtrɒli] (研六托雅 12139/6071 -1)
Back: n. 手推车; 触轮; 电车，有轨电车; 空中吊运车
vt. &vi. 载运用有轨电车运送（乘客）; 乘电车
分布：手推车(100%)
→可能来自 troll,旋转，滚动。
n.手推车;(英)无轨电车,(美)有轨电车The enrolled jolly stroller polled on the trolley.被招收的快乐的散步者在无轨电车上投票.
US ['trɑ:.li] noun countable (plural trolleys or trollies)
FOR CARRYING 用于运送
 ADVANCED UK (US cart)
■a small vehicle with two or four wheels that you push or pull to transport large or heavy objects on （装有两个或四个轮子、运送大件或重物的）手推车
• a shopping trolley 购物车
• The hospital is so overcrowded that some patients are being treated on trolleys in the corridors. 医院过分拥挤，一些病人只好在走廊的担架车上接受治疗。
• Why will supermarket trolleys never move in the direction that you push them in? 为甚么超市的购物车总是不听人使唤呢？
■UK (US cart)
■a table on four small wheels with one or more shelves under it which is used for serving food or drinks （装有四个小轮、有一个或多个搁板、运送食物或饮料的）小推车，台车
• Betty almost ran me over with her tea trolley as I was walking into the office! 我走进办公室时，贝蒂推着茶具车差点把我撞倒了！
• Every thirty minutes or so the flight attendant would wheel the drinks trolley down the aisle. 大约每隔30分钟就会有航班乘务员推着饮料车沿着通道走过。
UK ['trɒl.i] US ['trɑ:.li] noun countable (plural trolleys or trollies)
VEHICLE 车辆 (also trolleycar) US for
■ tram
• You can catch the number 47 trolley from the train station. 你可以从火车站乘47路有轨电车。
UK ['trɒl.i] US ['trɑ:.li] noun countable (plural trolleys or trollies)
off your trolley UK informal
■behaving in an extremely unusual way or doing something very silly 疯疯癫癫，失去理智；十分愚蠢
• Anyone who saw us doing this would think we were off our trolleys. 任何人看到我们这样做都会以为我们疯了。
• Have you gone completely off your trolley? You'll never get away with it! 你是不是完全疯了？你决不会逃脱掉的！
n. 手推车；（美）无轨电车（等于streetear）；（英）有轨电车（等于trolleybus）；空中吊运车
 - pushcart, manual truck
vi. [车辆] 乘电车
 - tram

Word: worldly
Front: worldly
[ˈwɜ:ldli] (托 10714/13727 -1)
Vocabulary: worldly
(once / 418 pages)
adj
You can use the adjective worldly to describe people who have knowledge of many topics or experience in many areas. You don't have to travel the globe to be worldly; reading and talking about many things with knowledge and enthusiasm is worldly too.
While worldly often describes individuals who are sophisticated and well-rounded in education, travel, and experiences, it's also used for people who are rooted in the world or focused on physical and material things around them, rather than on spiritual matters. An old expression in religion is "She was too heavenly minded for worldly good," and it describes those who think about the spiritual or supernatural so much that they aren't worldly enough to get anything done.
WORD FAMILY
worldly: unworldly, worldlier, worldliest, worldliness +/underworld: underworlds/ world: underworld, worldly, worlds/ worldliness: worldlinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There’s a gritty, worldly insolence to them, and a sense of power,” he said.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
This education seemed to be conducted via a vein that formed between the naive and worldly slime molds after two or three hours of fusion.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
By the standards of basketball coaches, they were worldly men with interests far beyond the court.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 世间的，世上的; 尘世的; 追逐名利的，鄙俗的
adv. 世俗地; 世故地
级别：worldlier, worldliest
分布：世俗的(66%)，世间的(27%)，善于处世的(7%)
【反】singular（adj 异常的）；naive（adj 天真的）
US ['wɝ:ld-] adjective
PHYSICAL 物质的
[before noun]
■relating to or consisting of physical things and ordinary life rather than spiritual things 物质的；尘世的；非精神的
• For many of the refugees, the clothes they are wearing are all the worldly goods (= possessions) they have. 对于这些难民中的许多人来说，身上穿的衣服就是他们在这世上拥有的全部财产。
• Her worldly success can hardly be denied. 她物质上的成功不可否认。
UK ['wɜ:ld.li] US ['wɝ:ld-] adjective
PRACTICAL 实际的
■practical and having a lot of experience of life 善于处世的；圆滑的
• She seems to be much more worldly than the other students in her class. 她似乎比班里的其他学生世故得多。
adj. 世俗的；世间的；尘世的
 - lay, mundane
adv. 世俗地；世故地
 - mundanely, carnally

Word: vilify
Front: vilify
[ˈvɪlɪfaɪ] (宝 17173/22367)
Vocabulary: vilify
(once / 5277 pages)
v
To vilify someone is to spread nasty stories about them, whether true or not.
The verb vilify comes from the same root as the word vile and is a negative word if ever there was one! One way to remember the word is to think about how it sounds — like the word villain (which is unrelated and comes from villa). This suggests that when you vilify someone, you make them sound villainous. So avoid spreading vile words that vilify another and make him or her seem like a villain.
WORD FAMILY
vilify: vilification, vilified, vilifier, vilifies, vilifying+/vilification: vilifications/vilifier: vilifiers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Comeback: noun, return to big-screen acclaim in unlikely project for vilified Aussie.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Nancy Reagan was vilified for her presumed manipulations of the president and for her lavish tastes.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
It might be easy to vilify brood parasites, but humans are exacerbating their impacts.
Science Magazine(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 中伤，诽谤
时态：vilified, vilifying, vilifies
分布：诽谤(69%)，中伤(31%)
→来自vile,邪恶的，-fy,使，即中伤，使邪恶。
诽谤(vil+ify→做卑劣的事→诽谤)[vil=base,表示"卑劣"]
【记】vil＝vile（adj 卑鄙的），ify：诽谤读：威力fy，特有威力的语言－诽谤
【参】villainous（adj 恶毒的；腐化堕落的）；villain（n 恶根）
【反】extol（v 赞美）；vilification（n 污蔑）－beautification（n 美化）
formal
verb transitive
■to say or write unpleasant things about someone or something, in order to cause other people to have a bad opinion of them 诋毁，诬蔑；丑化；贬低
• He was vilified by the press as a monster of perversity. 他被新闻界丑化成一个变态的怪物。
vt. 诽谤；中伤；轻视；贬低
 - lower, wrong

Word: vigilance
Front: vigilance
['vɪdʒɪləns] (托 13494/13835)
Vocabulary: vigilance
(once / 1037 pages)
n
Vigilance is devoted attentiveness or watchfulness. Security guards and test proctors alike need to practice vigilance.
Vigilance comes from the Latin word for "wakefulness," vigilantia, and in a medical setting vigilance is still sometimes used to mean "insomnia." A prison guard might be required to maintain vigilance the whole time she's working, always being alert and watchful.
WORD FAMILY
vigilance: vigilances+/ vigilant: unvigilant, vigilance, vigilanter, vigilantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Glimmers of optimism are appropriate in each case, but so is vigilance.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The loss of vigilance against the elements of prison that subtly ask you to surrender your dignity.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
But the subject is the same: fear, and vigilance.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. <正>警觉; 警惕; 警戒; <医>失眠症
分布：警惕(75%)，警戒(25%)
警惕,警戒(vigil+ance)[vivvitvig=life,表示"生命"]
警惕(vigil醒着的+ance)[-ance表名词"性质,状况"]
noun uncountable
■more careful attention, especially in order to notice possible danger 警觉；警戒；警惕
• The police said that it was thanks to the vigilance of a neighbour that the fire was discovered before it could spread. 警方说多亏了一位邻居警觉才在火灾蔓延之前发现了火情。
n. 警戒，警觉；警醒症
 - guard, alertness

Word: anew
Front: anew
[əˈnju:] (10363/14017 -1)
Vocabulary: anew
(once / 666 pages)
adv
When something happens anew, it happens again, but in a fresh way that might be different.
Anew is a word to describe things that happen again but are more than just a rerun. If a couple takes their marriage vows anew, it's a little different than the first time. If a clothes trend happens anew, it's a revival of the original trend that probably won't be identical. This word applies to renewals and fresh starts of many kinds, though not always positive ones. Romances and barfights could both begin anew.
WORD FAMILY
anew
USAGE EXAMPLES
The end of a year is a time to reëvaluate, resolve, and begin anew.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
He showed anew the crispness of his enunciation — in this case stretched to farcical parody — and his talent for broad comedy.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Schoonmaker also brings up the spiritual aspect -- how, in a time of religious persecution, “Silence” will resonate anew.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adv. 再，重新
分布：重新(67%)，再(33%)
US [-'nu:] formal
adverb
■again or one more time, especially in a different way （尤指用不同的方式）重新，再
• The film tells anew the story of his rise to fame and power. 这部电影重现了他成名掌权的发迹史。
adv. 重新；再
 - newly, afresh

Word: yunnan
Front: yunnan
[ˈjuˈnæn] None
Back: n. 云南（位于中国西南部）云南（中国西南部的一省）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: beholden
Front: beholden
[bɪˈhəʊldən] (宝 18867/22137)
Vocabulary: beholden
(once / 5242 pages)
adj
The adjective beholden describes owing someone for something the person did to help you — it's your duty to repay the person. If your army buddy saves your life, you're beholden to help him when he gets injured.
Being beholden to someone means more than just feeling like you owe someone for a small favor. When you're beholden, it involves a bigger feeling of responsibility, one that sticks with you — and might even weigh on you — until you're able to repay it. Some people feel so uncomfortable being beholden to others that they try not to accept assistance from anyone out of worry over what they'd have to do in return.
WORD FAMILY
beholden: unbeholden
USAGE EXAMPLES
In an interview, Texas Nationalist Movement president Daniel Miller rejected the idea that his organization was beholden in any way to the Russian government.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
That means the girl was just 14 when she disappeared into the hands of the land manager her parents were beholden to.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
“My sense is that this mayor is beholden to developers and the wealthy in this city.”
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 有责任的，有义务的
分布：有义务的(50%)，蒙恩的(50%)
→前缀be-, 强调。hold, 维持，持有。-en, 使。使长期维持的，感激的。
【记】be表被动，holden是hold的过去分词。被拿住（把柄）。你就要感激他，送点儿礼，否则，他就说出去了。
US [-'hoʊl-] formal
adjective [after verb]
■feeling you have a duty to someone because they have done something for you 受惠的；感激的；欠人情的
• She wanted to be independent and beholden to no one. 她想独立，不想依赖任何人。
adj. 负有义务的；蒙恩的；对…表示感谢的
 - onerous

Word: capricious
Front: capricious
[kəˈprɪʃəs] (托宝 17285/18863)
Vocabulary: capricious
(once / 1316 pages)
adj
Capricious is an adjective to describe a person or thing that's impulsive and unpredictable, like a bride who suddenly leaves her groom standing at the wedding altar.
You can criticize a fickle-minded person as capricious, but it could just as well describe quickly changing weather, as in "capricious spring storms." It's the adjective form of the noun caprice, which means a sudden change of mood. Caprice might come from capra, the Italian word for "goat" (because goats are frisky), or from capo, "head" + riccio, "hedgehog." Why bring hedgehogs into it? If you have a "hedgehog head," you are so scared that your hair is standing straight on end. A scared person makes sudden starts this way and that, just as a capricious person does.
WORD FAMILY
capricious: capriciously, capriciousness+/ caprice: caprices, capricious
USAGE EXAMPLES
With an increasingly bellicose Russia on its doorstep and a capricious ally in U.S.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Otherwise, the move would also likely be struck down in court as “arbitrary and capricious,” he argued.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Reports are that it’s a capricious process, and no one is sure if there is even a cursory vetting of the choices.
Salon(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 变化无常的; 反复无常的; 多变的; 任性的
分布：任性的(67%)，变化无常的(33%)
→来自caprice.
【反】resolute（adj 坚决的）；steadfast（adj 坚定的）；constant（adj 不变的）；pertinacious（adj 固执的）
[kə'prɪʃ.əs] literary
adjective
■changing mood or behaviour suddenly and unexpectedly 反覆无常的
• a capricious child 任性的小孩
• He was a cruel and capricious tyrant. 他是个残忍而又反覆无常的暴君。
adj. 反复无常的；任性的
 - moonish, wayward

Word: cayman
Front: cayman
[ˈkeimən] (40603/28931)
Back: n. （中、南美洲所产的）鳄鱼
分布：凯门鳄(50%)，=caiman.(50%)
(also caiman) ['keɪ.mən] noun countable
■an animal similar to an alligator 短吻鳄，凯门鳄
n. 鳄鱼
 - crocodile, caiman

Word: continuation
Front: continuation
[kənˌtɪnjuˈeɪʃn] (托宝 8836/6109 -1)
Back: n. 继续，连续，持续; 延续，续篇，（线路等的）延长，延长部分; 连接短裤的帮腿; （报刊等的）续刊、增刊
分布：继续(50%)，延续(48%)，续集(2%)
继续(con+tin+uation)[tain,ten,tin=hold表示"拿住"]
【反】metamorphosis（n 变形）；continuation without change（持续不变）
[kənˌtɪn.ju'eɪ.ʃən] (formal continuance)
noun countable or uncountable
■when something continues or a thing which continues or follows from something else 继续；持续；延续；继续发生（或进行）之事；某事的后续结果（或影响）
• The continuation of the strike caused a lot of poverty. 持续罢工造成了大量贫困现象。
• It's just a continuation of the bigger river, but called by a different name. 它实际上是那条大河的延续，只是名称不同而已。
n. 继续；续集；延长；附加部分；扩建物
 - extension, segue

Word: cord
Front: cord
[kɔ:d] (研四六托宝 4314/5654 -2)
Vocabulary: cord
(once / 336 pages)
1nv 2n 3nv 4n
A cord is a thin rope made of strands of twisted material. You might tie a package with a cord or wear a black cord hung with a silver charm around your neck.
Clothing can be decorated with pieces of cord or feature a cord tied like a belt around the waist. Another kind of cord is the electrical kind, which is usually made of plastic. Firewood is measured in units that are also called cords, each one about 128 cubic feet. This type of cord got its name in the 17th century from the way the wood was measured: by tying a length of cord around it.
WORD FAMILY
cord: corded, cording, cordless, cords
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said doctors told him he compressed his spinal cord.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“The younger audience is not watching TV … they are cutting the cord,” Andrew Orci said.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
She scoured the internet for information about stillbirths and pinched umbilical cords - the culprit in her son’s death.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. （细）绳; 灯心绒裤
vt. 用绳子捆绑; 堆积（柴薪）
时态：corded, cording, cords
分布：索(69%)，细绳(25%)，纽带(6%)
→来自ghere, 肠，肠线，词源同yarn, clavichord.
n.绳,索According to the record, the cord was the oldest recorder the people could afford.据记载,绳子是人们用得起的最古老的记录器.
【记】木料是圆形的，过去都是用cord绳子绕一周来丈量。
US [kɔ:rd] noun
ROPE/WIRE 绳／线
countable or uncountable
■(a length of) rope or string made of twisted threads （一段）绳，索，线
• Where's the cord that ties back the curtains? 系着窗帘的绳子在哪里？
• Have you got some cord that I can tie this parcel up with? 你有能让我捆上这个包裹的绳子吗？
countable or uncountable (UK also flex)
■a piece of wire covered in plastic, used to connect electrical equipment to a power supply 电线
• an extension cord 延长线
• a telephone cord 电话线
UK [kɔ:d] US [kɔ:rd] noun
CLOTH 布料
uncountable UK
■ corduroy
• a cord shirt/jacket 灯芯绒衬衫／外套
cords [plural]
■trousers made of corduroy material 灯芯绒裤子
rope, wire, thread, string, line, cord
这组词都有“线”的意思，其区别是：
rope: 指用于捆绑大物件的粗壮而坚固的绳子，一般用绵、毛、麻、金属或其它材料制成。
wire: 专指用金属制成的线。
thread: 普通用词，指用棉、毛、丝或纤维等纹成的很细的线，通常用于缝纫、纺织等。
string: 普通用词，指捆绑小件物品的细绳或细带子。
line: 普通用词，含义广泛，指任何一种线，常作引申用。
cord: 指比string粗，比rope细，较牢固，通常用于捆扎较小物品的线或绳。用作引申当约束讲。
n. 绳索；束缚
 - chain, restriction, rope

Word: coincidental
Front: coincidental
[kəʊˌɪnsɪˈdentl] (18156/19109)
Vocabulary: coincidental
(once / 9156 pages)
adj
Things that are coincidental take place at the same time, but there isn't any connection. It's just chance — a coincidence.
Sometimes things seem connected because they happen at the same time, but they really aren't: they're just coincidental. A sports fan might have a lucky shirt he wears to bring his team luck. But, if his team wins, that's just coincidental. Shirts, unfortunately, don't influence game outcomes. Coincidental is the opposite of causal, which means one thing directly causing another to happen. When coincidental things happen — like a friend calls just when you were thinking of her — it's just luck or chance.
WORD FAMILY
coincidental: coincidentally+/ coincide: coincided, coincident, coincides, coinciding/ coincidence: coincidences/ coincident: coincidence, coincidental, coincidently
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was likely not coincidental that the essay appeared on September 11th.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
All but one of those rebels are Democratic, which is not coincidental.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
"I do not believe this was coincidental or unintended."
Reuters(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 巧合的，同时发生的
分布：巧合的(100%)
→来自coincide, 同时发生。
US [koʊˌɪnt.sɪ'den.tˌəl] adjective
■happening by coincidence 碰巧的；巧合的；同时发生的
adj. 巧合的；符合的；暗合的；一致的
 - united, consistent, corresponding, solid, matching

Word: filings
Front: filings
['faɪlɪŋz] (宝)
Back: n. 锉屑
分布：末(67%)，名词filing的复数形式.(33%)
【记】file（n 文件；锉刀vt 把…归档；锉）
n. [机] 锉屑；锉末
 - rasping

Word: equatorial
Front: equatorial
[ˌekwəˈtɔ:riəl] (13650/21556)
Back: adj. 赤道的，赤道附近的
adv. 赤道地
分布：赤道的(55%)，酷热的(24%)，近赤道的(21%)
US [-'tˌɔ:r.i-] adjective
■near the equator, or typical of places near the equator 赤道附近的；赤道附近一带典型的
• equatorial Africa 非洲赤道附近地区
• The equatorial climate of the Amazonian rain forests is hot and wet. 亚马逊雨林的赤道气候炎热潮湿。
adj. 赤道的，近赤道的；中纬线的
 - subsolar

Word: coupon
Front: coupon
[ˈku:pɒn] (研雅 10119/6650 -2)
Vocabulary: coupon
(once / 3975 pages)
1n 2n
A coupon is a certificate or a voucher that lets you buy something at a discounted price. When you hand the cashier your coupon, he will subtract some amount from your total bill.
You can cut coupons out of a newspaper, get them in the mail, or find them online. A restaurant coupon might offer a free beverage when you buy dinner, and a grocery store coupon could give you a five dollar savings on your dog's favorite kind of kibble. The original coupons were used by Coca Cola in the late 1800s — they were vouchers for a free Coke, and they're credited with spreading the soft drink's popularity across the United States.
WORD FAMILY
coupon: coupons
USAGE EXAMPLES
“So for us to be reliant on a coupon and to be at the wrong price, it’s just the wrong thought process.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
With a coupon of 2%, investors were being asked to pay more up front than the total value of future coupon payments and the principal.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
This shows that the Frank family got at least some of their food coupons clandestinely from these salesmen.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 优惠券; 息票，通票; 试样，试件; 配给券
分布：息票(76%)，礼券(14%)，票券(5%)，参赛表(5%)
→来自coup, 砍，击，成半，因这种券通常由券和存根两部分给成。
n.证明持券人有某种权利的卡片,票证,赠券I've kept the special coupon from the box of washing powder.我留下了洗衣粉盒子上的优惠券.
US [-pɑ:n] noun countable
■a piece of paper which can be used to get something without paying for it or at a reduced price 礼券；赠券；优惠券
• If you collect ten coupons from the newspaper, you can get a free beach towel. 从报纸上收集十张礼券你就可以免费得到一条沙滩浴巾。
■a piece of paper, especially a part of an advertisement in a newspaper or magazine, which a reader can send to an organization in order to get information about its products or services （尤指报纸杂志上作为广告一部分的）资料索取券，索取样品单，查询单
• To find out more about our products, fill in the coupon and send it to us at the address given below. 如果想更多了解我们的产品，请填写本资料索取单，并按以下位址寄给我们。
n. [金融] 息票； [贸易] 赠券；联票； [经] 配给券
 - Oakley, annie oakley

Word: frothy
Front: frothy
[ˈfrɒθi] (宝 17982/19983)
Vocabulary: frothy
(once / 7896 pages)
adj
Something frothy is composed of many small air bubbles. You might like your cappuccino frothy but probably not your tap water.
If you order a cappuccino at a cafe, you'll get a cup of strong coffee topped with frothy milk, and a cake recipe might instruct you to beat four eggs until they're frothy. In both examples, air bubbles cause a liquid to become foamy and creamy. A frothy person, however, is bubbly in a different way, full of life and excitement. There's often an implication of "insubstantial," or even "silly" when a person or idea is described as frothy.
WORD FAMILY
frothy: frothily, frothiness+/ froth: frothed, frothing, froths, frothy /frothing: frothingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
If frothy home-builder sentiment is any indication, Lennar is still a fixer-upper.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
The 12 tales that follow are a frothy mix of fable and ghost stories, all told in a register appropriate to the season.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Roberta Smith called Ms. Marten, then 27, a “precocious British artist” who “works in a light, frothy mode that might be called postmodern rococo.”
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: adj. 起泡的，多泡的，空洞的
级别：frothier, frothiest
分布：空洞的(42%)，起泡的(36%)，多泡的(22%)
【反】weighty（adj 重的；严肃认真的）
US ['frɑ:.θi] adjective
■(of a liquid) with small white bubbles on the surface （液体）起泡沫的，有泡沫的
• Beat the mixture until it becomes frothy. 搅打混合物，直到泛起泡沫。
• frothy coffee 带泡沫的咖啡
adj. 多泡的；起泡的；空洞的，浅薄的
 - blistery, beady

Word: glossy
Front: glossy
[ˈglɒsi] (托宝 8572/6986 -1)
Vocabulary: glossy
(once / 1285 pages)
adjn
Something that is glossy is something that shines or is attractive. Things that are glossy reflect light, like certain types of lipstick. Glossy paper is smooth and has a shine to it, like the paper of most calendars.
The word glossy sounds a little bit like the word glassy, which is a good way to remember it. Things that are glossy sort of look like glass, meaning they have a shine to them. After your teeth are cleaned, they'll hopefully look glossy. When you print photographs, you can choose a glossy finish — that’s when the image looks shiny and smooth. In that instance, the opposite of glossy is matte, a sort of rougher finish that doesn’t reflect light.
WORD FAMILY
glossy: glossier, glossies, glossiest, glossily, glossiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
I shiver in my paper gown, sitting near a table with glossy magazines.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
They installed wall-size screens and display cases and arranged glossy tablets on large tables.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The app is smooth and visually engaging, with food photography worthy of a glossy magazine.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 有光泽的，光滑的; 虚有其表的; 似是而非的
n. 用亮光纸印刷的杂志; 印在光纸上的相片
级别：glossier, glossiest
分布：光滑的(53%)，有光泽的(47%)
US ['glɑ:.si] adjective
■smooth and shiny 平滑有光泽的；光滑的
• She has wonderfully glossy hair. 她有一头顺滑的秀发。
• a dog with a glossy coat 亮毛狗
■describes a book or magazine which has been produced on shiny and expensive paper and contains many colour pictures （书、杂志）用高级亮光纸印刷的
• a glossy coffee-table book 用亮光纸印刷的大本图书
• a pile of glossy magazines/car brochures 一叠用高级亮光纸印刷的杂志／汽车广告小册子
■mainly disapproving
■looking attractive, but often not having serious value or quality 虚有其表的
• This magazine is full of glossy advertisements for aftershave. 这本杂志中满是介绍刮胡水的广告，尽是些夸夸其谈的东西。
UK ['glɒs.i] US ['glɑ:.si] noun countable
■a glossy magazine 高级亮光纸印刷的杂志
US
■a photograph printed on smooth shiny paper 用亮光纸列印的照片
adj. 光滑的；有光泽的
 - smooth, glabrous

Word: infantry
Front: infantry
[ˈɪnfəntri] (宝 9464/8162 -2)
Vocabulary: infantry
(once / 289 pages)
n
Armies usually contain different divisions for different purposes. For example, soldiers on horseback belong to the Cavalry, those who work in communications are in the Signal Corps, and soldiers specially trained to fight on foot are members of the Infantry.
It seems somewhat strange to have the word "infant" in a word that refers to a fighting military unit, but the word infantry once referred to the foot soldiers who were too young or too inexperienced to qualify for the cavalry. The word was taken from the Latin word for a youth, infantem, and so evolved into infantry after working its way through the Spanish, Italian, and French, appearing in English in the late 16th Century.
WORD FAMILY
infantry: infantries
USAGE EXAMPLES
All cavalry troops were to be converted into the 158th Infantry.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
After a helicopter flight to a trauma center, the infantry vet — Siatta — was charged with home invasion, found guilty at trial and sentenced to prison.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Asencio served in Mosul during the initial invasion, first to provide artillery support and then as infantry.
Reuters(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 步兵; 步兵部队
分布：步兵(96%)，步兵部队(4%)
→来自infant,婴儿。原用于指骑兵中的部卒，后用于指步兵。
【记】infant（n 婴儿），try试图：在大脑中呈现出日本步兵用刺刀试图挑出我国女人腹中婴儿的场景－步兵
noun uncountable [+ sing/pl verb]
■the part of an army that fights on foot 步兵，步兵团
• The infantry was/were sent into battle. 步兵团被派往战场。
• It's a light/heavy infantry unit. 这是一个轻／重型步兵团。
Compare cavalry
n. 步兵；步兵团
 - fantassin, doughboy

Word: humane
Front: humane
[hju:ˈmeɪn] (托宝 8511/9796 -1)
Vocabulary: humane
(once / 817 pages)
1adj 2adj
A humane person is one who shows great compassion and caring for others, including animals, and who tries whenever possible to alleviate another's suffering.
The idea of being humane is linked to a higher level of a person's character. While the word is derived from the word human, the sad fact is that a person can be human without being humane. Britain's Royal Humane Society, created in 1774 to rescue drowning people, focuses on recognizing acts of human bravery. In the United States, however, the Humane Society works to eliminate cruelty to animals. Still, both focus on kindness and the humane care of others.
WORD FAMILY
humane: humanely, humaneness, humaner, humanest, inhumane +/ inhumane: inhumanely, inhumaneness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Deann Shepherd of the Humane Society of Utah says current law already requires shelter, but fails to define what that means.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The prison at Guantanamo Bay should continue to serve as a secure, humane location for holding dangerous terrorists.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
They are the potential recruits of a humane political conservatism.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 仁爱的，慈善的; 高尚的
分布：人道的(68%)，仁慈的(32%)
→来自human的拼写变体，并于18世纪开始产生词义的差别。
有人情的,仁爱的(humane+e→有人情的)[hum=earth,表示"土,地"]
adjective
■showing kindness, care and sympathy towards others, especially those who are suffering （尤指对待受苦者）善良的，仁慈的，人道的
• The humane way of dealing with a suffering animal (= the way that causes the least pain) is to kill it quickly. 对待为病痛所折磨的动物，比较人道的办法就是尽快结束它的生命。
Opposite inhumane
adj. 仁慈的，人道的；高尚的
 - magnificent, noble

Word: nomad
Front: nomad
[ˈnəʊmæd] (宝 14560/15471 -1)
Vocabulary: nomad
(once / 3495 pages)
n
A nomad is someone with no permanent home, like the member of a tribe that moves from place to place in search of food, or the rock star who spends 365 days a year in tour buses and hotel rooms.
The word nomad has traditionally meant a member of a tribe of people who roamed from place to place in search of animals and shelter. Nomadic tribes wandered out of necessity. Wherever the food went, they went. In its more modern sense, a nomad is someone who would rather wander from place to place than set down roots, like the nomad who crashes at his friends' apartments in various cities instead of renting his own place.
WORD FAMILY
nomad: nomads
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wednesday at Nomad’s Hookah Lounge, in the 100 block of Southwest 41st Street in Renton.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Renton police find blood and shell casings at Nomad’s Hookah Lounge, but no suspects or victims.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Although Aisholpan and her family still live as nomads, there are changes.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 游牧民; 流浪者; 游牧生活; 流浪生活
分布：流浪者(88%)，游牧部落一员(12%)
→来自希腊语nomos,牧场，放牧，来自nem,分配，分开，词源同number,nemesis.用于指分配的草地，游牧，游牧民族。
流浪者,游牧人(nom流浪)[-ad表名词"…东西,状态"]
游牧成员[nom=pasture(牧场)]
【记】no mad，还没有疯狂的人，一般疯狂的人－游牧民
US ['noʊ-] noun countable
■a member of a group of people who move from one place to another rather than living in one place all of the time 游牧部落中的一员
• a tribe of Somalian desert nomads 索马利沙漠里的游牧部落
n. 游牧民；流浪者
 - Vagabonds, Nads
adj. 游牧的；流浪的
 - ragamuffinly, migratory

Word: kilowatt
Front: kilowatt
[ˈkɪləwɒt] (六 -/26802)
Back: n. [电]千瓦
分布：名词(100%)
→kilo-,千，watt,瓦。
千瓦(kilo[kilo-表示"一千"]+watt瓦)
US [-wɑ:t] (written abbreviation kW)
noun countable
■a unit of power equal to 1000 watts 千瓦特

Word: mack

Word: monstrous
Front: monstrous
[ˈmɒnstrəs] (六雅宝 10332/11642 -1)
Vocabulary: monstrous
(once / 418 pages)
adj
Monstrous is an adjective that describes something gross or shocking. It can refer to the size, shape, or general look of something. If your face or body is monstrous, it's misshapen and horrifying to look at.
The word monstrous describes something that you'd like to avoid looking at, if at all possible. The word comes from the Latin monstruosus, which means "unnatural, deviating from the natural order, hideous." When discussing size, monstrous means that something or someone is so huge it's frightening. Monstrous can also describe someone or something that's extremely cruel or brutal, like a monstrous dictator or monstrous lies.
WORD FAMILY
monstrous: monstrosity, monstrousest, monstrously+/ monster: monsters, monstrous / monstrosity: monstrosities
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the creator’s next monstrous muse is something a little more common, the troll.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The divas and cavaliers of this all-male troupe are — as they present themselves to us in performance — fabulously stupid, artificial, hammy, clichéd, superficial, dated, monstrous.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Roof’s crime is so monstrous that it may rankle to put him on the same continuum as Trump.
Slate(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 丑陋的; 巨大的; 畸形的; 与传说中怪物相象的
分布：巨大的(52%)，怪异的(24%)，畸形的(24%)
→来自monster,怪物。即像怪物的，丑陋的。
巨大的;可怕的(来自monster)[monstr=show,表示"显示"]
【记】源于：monster（n 半人半马的怪物）
US ['mɑ:nt-] adjective
BAD 丑恶的
■very bad or cruel 丑恶的；残酷的；骇人听闻的
• a monstrous crime 残暴的罪行
• monstrous cruelty 骇人听闻的残酷行为
• But that's monstrous - he can't be allowed to get away with it! 那实在太骇人听闻了——不能让他逍遥法外！
UK ['mɒnt.strəs] US ['mɑ:nt-] adjective
CREATURE 生物
■like a monster 像怪兽的；骇人的
• The illustrations show monstrous beasts with bodies like bears and heads like tigers. 这些插图展示了怪异的野兽，它们身体像熊，头部像虎。
adj. 巨大的；怪异的；荒谬的；畸形的
 - huge, tremendous, enormous, massive, macro

Word: playboy
Front: playboy
[ˈpleɪbɔɪ] (19379/19818)
Back: n. 花花公子，纨绔子弟
分布：花花公子(100%)
noun countable
■a rich man who spends his time and money on expensive things and a life of pleasure 花花公子
• a playboy lifestyle 整天寻欢作乐的生活方式
n. 花花公子；寻欢作乐的人
 - knut, fop

Word: squat
Front: squat
[skwɒt] (六托宝 7870/8932 -1)
Vocabulary: squat
(once / 642 pages)
vadjn
If you crouch down very low and sit on your heels, you squat. If you have to talk to a small child, you might have to squat to talk face-to-face.
The verb squat also means to illegally occupy a building — especially to live in it. If you own vacant property, you need to be careful that someone doesn't decide to squat in the empty house. As an adjective, squat describes someone who is very short and thick. In the movie Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the dwarfs are depicted as squat little men.
WORD FAMILY
squat: squatly, squatness, squats, squatted, squatter, squatting+/squatter: squatters/squatting: squattings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Men squat over indigo vats, dipping in T-shirt after T-shirt — some of them multiple times, to produce a darker, more intense shade.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Occupied as an artists squat starting in the 1980s, Les Frigos is today an emblematic artistic hub with coveted studios and exhibition space.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
After lunch he would do squats and push-ups, then return to the bunk until dinner.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 蹲，蹲伏; 擅自占用土地; 依法在政府公地上定居; 〈口〉坐
vt. 使蹲坐; 使蹲下; 擅自占用
n. 蹲坐，蹲姿; 擅自占用的土地; [体]蹲举式举重; 动物的窝
adj. 矮胖的; 蹲着的
时态：squatted, squatting, squats
分布：蹲(58%)，蹲坐(18%)，蹲下(8%)，低矮的(6%)，蹲着的(5%)，擅自占用的土地(2%)，擅自占地(2%)，矮胖胖的(1%)
→来自中古法语 squatten,蹲坐，来自古法语 esquatir,压，压下，来自 es-,向外，或表强调，quatir, 压，压下，来自通俗拉丁语*coactire,压，压下，来自 co-,表强调，-act,做，驱动，词源同 act,exact. 引申词义擅自占用无主土地或无主房产。
【记】squ压，at：把他压扁－矮胖的
【反】tall and thin（瘦高的）
US [skwɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
SIT 坐
intransitive
■to position yourself close to the ground balancing on the front part of your feet with your legs bent under your body 蹲，蹲坐
• She squatted on the ground and warmed her hands by the fire. 她蹲在地上，伸出双手烤火。
• He squatted down and examined the front wheel of his bike. 他蹲下身来，检查脚踏车的前轮。
UK [skwɒt] US [skwɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
LIVE 住
intransitive or transitive
■to live in an empty building or area of land without the permission of the owner 擅自占用（空房或空地）；偷住
• They squatted (in)an old house in King's Cross when their money ran out. 他们钱花光后，就偷偷住进了国王十字车站的一处旧房子里。
UK [skwɒt] US [skwɑ:t] adjective (squatter, squattest)
■short and wide, usually in a way that is not attractive 低矮的；矮墩墩的，矮胖的
• a row of ugly squat houses 一排低矮难看的房子
• a heavily-built squat man 矮胖的男人
UK [skwɒt] US [skwɑ:t] noun
SITTING 坐
countable
■a squatting position or exercise 蹲坐；蹲伏
UK [skwɒt] US [skwɑ:t] noun
PLACE TO LIVE 居所
countable
■the place that you live in when you are squatting 擅自占用的地方；偷住的房子
• They're living in a damp squat with no electricity. 他们偷住在一处空房子里，既潮湿又没有电。
UK [skwɒt] US [skwɑ:t] noun
ANYTHING 任何事物
uncountable US slang
■anything 任何东西
• She shouldn't talk - she doesn't know squat about it. 她不该说话——她甚么都不懂。
• His opinion isn't worth squat. 他的看法一文不值。
vi. 蹲，蹲下；蹲坐；蹲伏
 - bend down, stay down
adj. 蹲着的；矮胖的
 - podgy, five-by-five

Word: sombre
Front: sombre
['sɒmbə(r)] (35855/9775 -1)
Vocabulary: sombre
(once / 858 pages)
adj
When you're sombre — or somber — you're acting glum, depressed, or sad. Being sombre is the opposite of being perky or happy.
This is a word that has to do with the mood of a person or event. A funeral is going to be sombre, and the people at the funeral are usually pretty sombre, too. It's a quiet, serious, and even gloomy kind of feeling. Objects can look sombre if they're dull and colorless. Just don't get sombre and confused by the spelling: the "re" ending is a British thing, while Americans usually end it with "er."
WORD FAMILY
sombre: sombreness, sombrer, sombrest
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was a very quiet and sombre mood.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
In the end, a whirlwind of classic space-opera motifs was able to achieve the same goal without undercutting the film’s uniquely sombre tone.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Ten years ago the mood in the city was sombre, certainly at the Peugeot plant, near Ryton, where production was ending.
BBC(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 忧郁的; 昏暗的，阴沉的; 暗淡的，不鲜艳的（颜色等）
分布：忧郁的(43%)，昏暗的(38%)，悲观的(19%)
US ['sɑ:m.bɚ] adjective
■serious, sad and without humour or entertainment 严肃的；忧郁的
• a sombre atmosphere/voice/face 严肃的气氛／声音／脸
• The funeral was a sombre occasion. 葬礼是严肃的场合。
• I left them in a sombre mood. 我满心忧郁地离开了他们。
■dark and plain 暗淡的，深色的
• He wore a sombre black suit. 他穿着一套深黑色套装。
adj. 阴沉的；忧郁的；昏暗的
 - dark, blue, heavy, lowering, glum

Word: preclude
Front: preclude
[prɪˈklu:d] (研六托宝 8092/7006 -1)
Vocabulary: preclude
(once / 1742 pages)
v
To preclude something is to prevent it from happening. A muzzle precludes a dog from biting.
This is a very formal word, but it has a simple meaning: when something is precluded, it can't happen. See the prefix pre in preclude and in prevent? It is signaling that these words are all about things done before another action would happen — to make it impossible. Staying away from water precludes the possibility of drowning, though it also precludes any chance of having fun swimming.
WORD FAMILY
preclude: precluded, precludes, precluding, preclusion, preclusive
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the past year, he worked five months for a technology firm though his background precluded him from a permanent job.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But it may be kind of a don’t ask, don’t tell policy, which would preclude people from just wearing it for the world to see.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Moving the embassy there would not preclude a Palestinian capital on the city’s predominately Arab eastern side.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 阻止; 排除; 妨碍
时态：precluded, precluding, precludes
分布：排除(71%)，阻止(29%)
→pre-,在前，-clud,关闭，词源同close,conclude.
妨碍;阻止(pre+clude关闭→提前关闭→阻止)[pre-表示"…前的,预先"]
预防;杜绝(pre预先+clude→预先关好→预防)[clos,clud,clus=close,表示"关闭"]
v.排除,阻止,妨碍This measure may preclude the exclusive agency from selling crucial crude oil.这个措施可以使专有的代理不能出售决定性的原油.
【记】pre前，clude＝close关闭－提前关掉门－预防小偷
【参】occlude（v 使堵塞）；exclude（v 排除）
【反】to make possible（使可能）；enclose（vt 放入封套）
US [prə-] formal
verb transitive
■to prevent something or make it impossible, or prevent someone from doing something 排除，防止，杜绝；阻碍
• His contract precludes him from discussing his work with anyone outside the company. 合约中禁止他与公司外的人谈论工作。
• The fact that your application was not successful this time does not preclude the possibility of you applying again next time. 这次应征失败并不妨碍你下次再来应征。
preclude, discard, abandon, eliminate, abolish, dismiss
preclude: 排除
discard: 丢弃，抛弃（可指人也可指物）
abandon: 放弃（某物）
eliminate: 消除，淘汰
abolish: （依法）废除
dismiss: 解雇
vt. 排除；妨碍；阻止
 - eliminate, dispute, let, stem, block

Word: assailant
Front: assailant
[əˈseɪlənt] (12730/15263 -1)
Vocabulary: assailant
(once / 859 pages)
n
A wife who sends a vase sailing at her husband's head might be considered an assailant, or attacker. Or, they might be playing a game of dodgeball with the furniture.
Assailant comes from the Latin ad- meaning "at" and salire meaning "to leap." Leap at someone and you're an assailant — someone who attacks. You'll usually hear this word when lawyers or police are talking about attacks, because most people use its synonym attacker in casual conversation. Have you ever been attacked by ants, looking down to see your foot covered in them? Think of the word ant when you spell the word assailant to remember its ending.
WORD FAMILY
assailant: assailants+/ assail: assailable, assailant, assailed, assailing, assails, reassail/assailable: assailability, assailably, unassailable /reassail: reassailed/ unassailable: unassailablest, unassailably
USAGE EXAMPLES
They say one of the assailants punched the 51-year-old Trotwood man when he handed over his phone, causing him to fall to the ground.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Police said the alleged assailant appears to be between 16 and 20 years old.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
State Department on Sunday warned U.S. citizens in Istanbul to limit movements “to an absolute minimum” while the search for the assailant continues.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 攻击者
adj. 攻击的
分布：攻击者(100%)
[ə'seɪ.lənt] formal
noun countable
■a person who attacks another person 攻击者
• Can you describe your assailant? 你能描述一下袭击你的人吗？
n. 攻击者
 - attacker, setter-on
adj. 袭击的；攻击的
 - offensive, agressire

Word: thorn
Front: thorn
[θɔ:n] (研四六托雅宝 11159/9881 -1)
Back: n. 刺; 棘刺，荆棘; 带刺的植物; 刺痛
分布：刺(72%)，荆棘(28%)
→来自古英语 thorn,刺，荆棘，来自 Proto-Germanic*thurnuz,刺，来自 stei,尖刺，尖木棍， 词源同 stick,thistle.
n.刺,荆棘The attorney's horn lies horizontally in the thorns.代理律师的号角水平地躺在荆棘中.
US [θɔ:rn] noun countable
■a small sharp pointed growth on the stem of a plant （植物茎上的）刺，荆棘
UK [θɔ:n] US [θɔ:rn] noun countable
thorn in your flesh/side
■a person or thing that repeatedly annoys you or causes you pain 肉中刺，眼中钉
• A relentless campaigner, he was a thorn in the government's side for a number of years. 作为一名不屈不挠的活动家，多年来他一直是政府的眼中钉。
n. [植] 刺；荆棘
 - thrust, spine

Word: uplift
Front: uplift
[ˈʌplɪft] (17108/12721)
Back: vt. 举起; 振作; （社会、道德等）发展; 使上升
vi. 上升，升起
n. 进步; 乳罩
时态：uplifted, uplifting, uplifts
分布：鼓舞(100%)
noun uncountable /ˈʌp.lɪft/
IMPROVEMENT 改善 slightly formal
■improvement of a person's moral or spiritual condition （道德境界的）提升，促进；（精神上的）鼓舞，振作
• We are counting on your speech, bishop, to give some moral uplift to the delegates. 主教，我们寄希望于您的演讲能够提升代表们的道德境界。
noun uncountable /ˈʌp.lɪft/
SUPPORT 支撑
■support for a woman's breasts that is provided by her clothes （女装对乳房的）支撑作用
verb transitive /ʌpˈlɪft/
IMPROVE 改善
■to improve a person's moral or spiritual condition 改善（道德或精神方面的状况）
verb transitive /ʌpˈlɪft/
RAISE 提高 specialized
■to raise something to a higher position 抬起；提起；抬高
verb transitive /ʌpˈlɪft/
COLLECT 集聚 Scottish to collect goods or people from one place, in order to take them to another （车辆）接纳（货物或乘客）
• Coaches will set down and uplift passengers only as directed by the police in the streets mentioned. 在上述街道，长途汽车只能在警方指定的地点让乘客上下车。
vt. 提高；抬起
 - enhance, step up
vi. 提高；上升；升起
 - arise, raise, lift, go up, climb
n. 举起，抬起；道德的向上；精神的高涨
 - up with, lift

Word: elevation
Front: elevation
[ˌelɪˈveɪʃn] (六托 6693/8843)
Vocabulary: elevation
(once / 359 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
An elevation is a rise or the raising of something. Mountains have an elevation based on how high they are and your mood has an elevation as you get happier.
Elevation is a noun that tells how high something is raised above a surface or ground line. It's also a term for measuring things like temperatures or degrees. Your body temperature might have an elevation if you have the flu, just as the elevation of a hill increases as it gets steeper. Buildings have an elevation too: The front of a building from top to bottom is its front elevation of the structure.
WORD FAMILY
elevation: elevations+/ elevate: elevated, elevates, elevating, elevation, elevator / elevated: elevateds/ elevator: elevators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Elk are enormous but surprisingly graceful mammals who often venture down from higher elevations in search of food during the winter.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
A winter storm warning is in effect for elevations above 6,000 feet, and the heaviest snowfall was expected to occur before 8 p.m.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Yet 21-century America is witnessing a new and revolutionary moment: the elevation of losing generals to the highest offices in the land.
Salon(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 高处，高地，高度，海拔，（枪炮的）仰角，射角; 升级，上进，向上; 高尚; [建]正视图，立视图
分布：海拔(47%)，高度(23%)，提升(18%)，提高(9%)，立视图(3%)
【记】elevate（vt 举起；提拔）lev举起；
【反】debasement（n 降低）
noun
BUILDING 建筑物
countable specialized
■the front or side of a building as shown on a drawing 正面图；正视图
• This plan shows the front, side and back elevations of the new supermarket. 该示意图展示的是新超市的正、侧、后三面的正视图。
[ˌel.ɪ'veɪ.ʃən] noun
HEIGHT 高度
countable or uncountable formal
■the height of a place above the level of the sea 海拔；高度
• Atmospheric pressure varies with elevation and temperature. 气压随海拔和气温的高低而变化。
• The crop is not grown at high elevations/above an elevation of 1000 metres. 这种作物不宜在海拔高的／海拔高于1000公尺的地区种植。
[ˌel.ɪ'veɪ.ʃən] noun
HILL 山
countable formal
■a hill 丘；高地，高处
• The flagpole stands on a small elevation in front of the building. 旗杆矗立在楼前的一小块凸起的高地上。
[ˌel.ɪ'veɪ.ʃən] noun
IMPORTANCE 重要性
uncountable formal
■when someone or something is given a more important position 提拔；晋升；提升
• His elevation to the presidency of the new republic was generally popular. 总的来说，他被推举为新共和国的总统是众望所归。
height, altitude, elevation
这组词都有“高度”的意思，其区别是：
height: 普通用词，指任何物体可测量到的高度，不管物体本身的高低如何。
altitude: 指海拔高度，也指离开地面的高度。
elevation: 主要指山丘或耸立在地面上物体的海拔高度。
n. [地理] 高地；海拔；提高；崇高；正面图
 - height, raise, increase, altitude, rise

Word: caller
Front: caller
[ˈkɔ:lə(r)] (4421/7771 -2)
Back: n. 呼叫者; 召集者; 访问者; 打电话者
adj. 新鲜的
分布：呼叫者(60%)，打电话的人(31%)，来访者(9%)
US ['kɑ:.lɚ] noun countable
TELEPHONE 电话
■someone who makes a telephone call, especially a member of the public who telephones a radio or television programme while it is being broadcast （尤指给电台或电视台）打电话的人
• I'd just like to comment on what your previous caller was saying. 我只想就前一位打进电话的人所说的事情谈谈我的看法。
UK ['kɔ:.lər] US ['kɑ:.lɚ] noun countable
VISIT 拜访
■a visitor 来访者，拜访者
n. 访客； [通信] 呼叫者；打电话者；召集员
 - visitant
adj. 新鲜的
 - fresh, new

Word: canvass
Front: canvass
[ˈkænvəs] (宝 31497/23053 -1)
Vocabulary: canvass
(once / 1863 pages)
1vn 2n
A canvass is a poll, usually a political one. Around elections, political parties often canvass particular neighborhoods, looking for votes and trying to measure the pulse of the people.
You might think of canvass as the heavy cotton cloth that is pronounced the same although spelled with only one s, that is, canvas. Canvas is used to cover things, and a canvass serves the same sort of purpose. Before elections, politicians want to cover their neighborhoods and districts with canvasses, campaign workers, flyers and the like in hopes of securing votes.
WORD FAMILY
canvass: canvassed, canvasses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fused into abstractions, the disparate pieces yield paintings that are as eventful as epic Renaissance canvasses.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Cecil said Priorities aims to learn from the results and canvass activists at every level to inform its ongoing work.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
But the canvass found overwhelming support for the system, and the nominee, among Republican electors.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （在政治方面）游说; 调查意见; 为讨论而提出（意见等）; 详细检查
n. 检票员，游说者; 讨论; 细查; 劝诱
vt. 揽（货）
时态：canvassed, canvassing, canvasses
分布：游说(49%)，细查(15%)，劝诱(9%)，细究(9%)，民意调查(6%)，详细检查(4%)，论究(4%)，兜售(4%)
→来自canvas, 原指用帆布筛选种子等，后指针对特定人进行游说，拉选票。
【记】源自canvas（n 帆布），原来的民意调查结果是写在帆布上的。
verb
GET SUPPORT 取得支持
intransitive or transitive
■to try to get political support or votes, especially by visiting all the houses in an area （尤指四处家访以）游说，拉选票
• I've been out canvassing for the Labour Party every evening this week. 这周我每天晚上都出去游说给工党拉选票。
['kæn.vəs] verb
ASK 询问
transitive
■to try to discover information or opinions by asking people 调查（民意）；征求意见
• The council has been canvassing local opinion /local people to get their thoughts on the proposed housing development. 地方议会一直在调查当地民众的意见，以了解他们对拟建的住宅区的看法。
['kæn.vəs] verb
SUGGEST 建议
transitive UK formal
■to suggest an idea or plan to be considered 提出（意见或计划）供考虑
• Wind and wave power are now being seriously canvassed as the solution to our energy problems. 风能和潮汐能作为解决能源问题的方法现在正被人们郑重提出并加以考虑。
vi. 游说；拉选票
 - seek a vote
n. 讨论；细查；劝诱
 - discussion, counsel

Word: fifteen
Front: fifteen
[ˌfɪfˈti:n] (中高 2995/1736 -5)
Back: n. 十五; 十五个人组成的橄榄球队
分布：十五(100%)
num.十五pron./a.十五(个,只...)He is fifteen years old.他十五岁.
number
 ESSENTIAL
■the number 15 15（数字）
• thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen 13，14，15，16
• "How many books were returned?" "Fifteen (books)." “还回了多少本书？”“15本。”
n. 十五；十五个；十五人组成的橄榄球队
 - galleon

Word: interviewer
Front: interviewer
[ˈɪntəvju:ə(r)] (雅 7827/6567 -1)
Back: n. 面试者; 会见者; 采访者
分布：采访者(78%)，接见者(22%)
→来自interview,面试，-er,人，表主动。
US [-tˌɚ.vju:.ɚ] noun countable
■the person who asks the questions during an interview 采访者；面试考官；讯问者

Word: eloquent
Front: eloquent
[ˈeləkwənt] (研六托雅 10294/11358 -1)
Vocabulary: eloquent
(once / 201 pages)
adj
When you're eloquent, you have a way with words. An eloquent speaker expresses herself clearly and powerfully. Even though eloquent usually describes oral speech, it can also be used to describe powerful writing.
Being eloquent is about using words well. All the great writers from English class — such as Shakespeare, Mark Twain, Emily Dickinson, and Virginia Woolf — were eloquent. A great orator or speaker like Martin Luther King was eloquent. When something is beautifully, gorgeously, perfect said (or written), it's eloquent. Being eloquent requires your words to be smooth, clear, powerful, and interesting. To write or speak in an eloquent way takes a lot of work.
WORD FAMILY
eloquent: eloquence, eloquenter, eloquentest, eloquently+/elocute: elocutes, elocuting, elocution, eloquent / elocution: elocutionary, elocutionist/elocutionist: elocutionists/ eloquence: eloquences/eloquently: ineloquently
USAGE EXAMPLES
These brief yet complex stories, distilled from witness testimony, engage the reader in an eloquent plea for our common humanity.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Thank you, Elizabeth Fuller, for your eloquent comment.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
I discovered that the voice itself is a powerful and eloquent language that doesn’t need words.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 雄辩的，有口才的; 有说明力的; 富于表情的，逼真的; 动人的
分布：雄辩的(67%)，有口才的(17%)，动人的(16%)
→e-, 向外。-loq, 说，词源同locution, colloquy.
有说服力的(e+loqu+ent)[loqu,locu=speak,表示"说话"]
a.雄辩的,有说服力的;善辩的,口才流利的Subsequently the eloquent man frequently asked the consequence of quenching in sequence.其后雄辩者频繁地询问顺序灭火的结果.
【记】loqu说
【参】eloquence（n 雄辩；口才）；elocution（n 雄辩术）
adjective
■giving a clear, strong message 雄辩的，有说服力的
• She made an eloquent appeal for action. 她发表了富有说服力的演讲，呼吁采取行动。
• The pictures were an eloquent reminder of the power of the volcano. 这些图片清楚有力地展现了火山的巨大威力。
adj. 意味深长的；雄辩的，有口才的；有说服力的；动人的
 - meaningful, affecting, significant, moving, speaking

Word: laurence
Front: laurence
[ˈlɔrəns] (-/12352)
Back: n. 闪烁景
分布：劳伦斯(姓氏(50%)，男子名)(50%)

Word: josh
Front: josh
[dʒɒʃ] (32486/10956)
Vocabulary: josh
(once / 948 pages)
v
When you josh, you joke around, teasing and bantering. You probably josh your brother about the weird things he says when he talks in his sleep.
Most people laugh when someone joshes with them, although others take offense or don't realize that you're only joking. Your favorite uncle might josh around with you, making you giggle, and you can josh right back at him, teasing him for his silly mustache. Josh comes from American slang, from the boy's name Joshua, although it's not clear why this name was used to mean "be silly."
WORD FAMILY
josh: joshed, joshes, joshing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Pearl Auto is a great example of the creativity and innovation driving the iPhone ecosystem,” said Josh Rosenstock, an Apple spokesman.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“He’s always got a smile on his face,” said Braxton’s father, Josh Long.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Whose No. 1 draft pick, Josh Doctson, only got on the field twice this year because of injuries and mysteries?
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. <美，非正>开玩笑
时态：joshed, joshing, joshes
分布：戏弄(72%)，玩笑(21%)，无恶意的戏虐(7%)
→俚语，可能来自Josh,常见老农或农夫名字，引申词义乡巴佬，可以开玩笑的人。比较yokel.
US [dʒɑ:ʃ] informal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to joke, often with the intention of annoying someone in a playful way 戏弄；对…开玩笑
• They were always joshing him about his bald head. 他们总是拿他的秃头开玩笑。
vi. 戏弄
 - fool with, kid
vt. 戏弄
 - fool with, bullyrag
n. 玩笑
 - joke, fun, sport

Word: noodle
Front: noodle
[ˈnu:dl] (中高研 7939/21573 -1)
Vocabulary: noodle
(once / 4545 pages)
1n 2n
A noodle is a piece of pasta, especially a long, skinny one. You can eat noodles with butter and cheese or sauce, or slurp them from a bowl of soup.
Noodles are cut or rolled from a dough that contains some kind of flour — wheat, buckwheat, and rice flour are all commonly used. In Thai food, you'll find wide and thin rice noodles, while Italian food contains many varieties of noodles made from semolina flour, like spaghetti and lasagna. Informally, you can call your head a noodle too. Both meanings have uncertain origins; all we know for sure is that noodle comes from the German Nudel.
WORD FAMILY
noodle: noodles
USAGE EXAMPLES
Temple bells echoed at midnight as families gather around noodles and revelers flock to shrines for the biggest holiday in Japan.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Temple bells will echo at midnight as families gather around noodles and revelers flock to shrines for the biggest holiday in Japan.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He played football, liked noodles and used to rib his mum about her Irish accent when she lost her temper.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 面条; 傻子， 笨蛋
vi. （乐师）弹拨乐器，（即兴）演奏; [口语]长时间地思考，反复酝酿
分布：面条(100%)
→来自德语Nudel，面条。俚语义笨蛋。
n.(常用复数)面条I'll have instant noodle for supper.晚饭我吃方便面.
noun
FOOD 食物
countable usually plural
■a food in the form of long thin strips made from flour or rice, water and often egg, which you cook in boiling liquid 面条
• egg/rice noodles 鸡蛋面／米粉
• instant/crispy noodles 即食面／炒面
• chicken noodle soup 鸡汤面
['nu:.dl] noun
HEAD
countable US informal for
■ noddle 头，头脑
['nu:.dl] verb intransitive US informal
■to play a musical instrument without giving it full or serious attention （随意地）拨弄乐器
• I just sat at the piano noodling. 我不过是坐在钢琴旁随手弹弹而已。
n. 面条；笨蛋
 - simple, turkey, put

Word: peshawar

Word: overshoot
Front: overshoot
[ˌəʊvəˈʃu:t] (26542/34184)
Back: vt. 超过; 言过其实，夸张
时态：overshot, overshooting, overshoots
分布：动词(96%)，名词(4%)
→over-,超过，过度，shoot,射，射击。即射得过远，引申词义言过其实。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] (overshot, overshot)
verb transitive
■to go further than the end of or past something, without intending to 超过，超越（预定地点）
• The plane overshot the runway and finished up in the water. 飞机冲出跑道，最后冲进水里。
vt. 超越；打过头；把…做过头
 - top, surpass

Word: podium
Front: podium
[ˈpəʊdiəm] (宝 7960/19520 -1)
Vocabulary: podium
(once / 3058 pages)
n
A podium is a raised platform like the kind Olympians stand on when they win a medal or like the overturned crate in the garage where you pretend to accept your Academy Award.
Stepping up to a podium means taking center stage. A person might be receiving an honor or giving a speech and the added height of a podium makes that person the focus. If you wave a baton as the conductor of an orchestra or band, you'll need to stand on a podium so the musicians can see you. And, if you deliver a rousing message in a church you might use a podium, but probably shouldn't be waving a baton.
WORD ROUTES
Owning the Podium (and the Lectern)
An oft-heard word of the Olympics is podium, the raised platform where medalists stand. As I wrote about recently for The New York Times Magazine, during the Olympics podium even gets used as a verb, as in "The Canadian alpine skiers failed to podium." The verbing of podium bothers a lot of people, but the noun presents problems too. Away from the Olympics, podium often gets conflated with another word, lectern.
The traditional meaning of podium is the one we hear at Olympics time: "a platform raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it." It's where Olympians want to be, obviously, when the medals are being awarded. Hence the hopeful Canadian slogan, "Own the Podium." The goal of the Own the Podium movement was to have Canada place first in the medals count in the Vancouver Games. Sadly for them, the Canadians have underperformed on their home turf, leading to snarky responses like that of Pete McMartin (a Vancouver Sun columnist writing for the Seattle Times): "We now call it Blown The Podium. Or Own the Odium."
It's pretty clear what podium (either the noun or the verb) means in the Winter Olympics. But consider the opening of this article on the news site Politico about the health care summit organized by President Obama:
The GOP's first demand for Thursday's health care summit was simple.
No podium.
Does that mean the Republicans didn't want Obama to be speaking from a raised platform? Read on:
They wanted the six-hour talks to take place around a table with House and Senate members sitting at the same height as President Barack Obama, according to a senior Senate GOP aide.
"We don't want any more of that Professor Obama lecturing to us stuff," said one staffer, speaking on condition of anonymity. Another aide circulated pictures of Obama speaking at various events using his favorite platform, an elevated lectern perched above an audience of upraised, adoring faces.
So podium here is being equated with a "platform," but also with "an elevated lectern" — something that Obama would stand behind, rather than be seated on. The caption for the accompanying photo makes the "lectern" meaning even clearer: "Republicans want President Obama to address them not from behind a podium, but from a table where all participants can be at the same height."
The use of podium to mean the same thing as lectern (i.e., "a desk or stand with a slanted top used to hold a text at the proper height for a lecturer") has been a popular peeve since the early '60s. In a 1961 article for Communication Quarterly, Frank E.X. Dance wrote, "In any given class period a teacher of speech might refer to a podium, a rostrum, or a lectern, each time having in mind the wooden or metal object upon which a speaker may rest his notes, or behind which this same speaker may hide his quivering knees." That same year, Webster's Third New International Dictionary made note of the newly ambiguous usage by giving "lectern" as one of the definitions of podium.
When Webster's Third included this sense without comment, it was "rebuked by a usage commentator or two," according to Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage. MWDEU further observes that the "lectern" meaning of podium has been "a favorite bugbear of the journalistic commentators." The podium/lectern distinction continues to be upheld by usage experts like Paul Brians and Kenneth G. Wilson. Bryan Garner, in his Modern American Usage, states that the "lectern" sense, "once widely condemned as a misuse, has become commonplace. But careful writers should avoid it." Garner places the usage at Stage 4 of 5 on his Language-Change Index, meaning (as he told us in a recent interview) that it has become "all but ubiquitous," accepted by everyone but the "snoots" (to use David Foster Wallace's memorable term).
The anti-snoot contingent argues that there is little chance for confusion: if an Olympic medalist is "standing on a podium," then that's clearly the "raised platform" meaning, but if Obama is "standing behind a podium," then it's the "lectern" meaning. Still, without contextual clues like a preceding preposition (on vs. behind), I see a slight potential for misunderstanding. When I first read the Politico article quoted above, I wasn't exactly sure which structure the Republicans were objecting to. As it happens, they didn't want Obama speaking on an elevated platform or from behind a lectern, so that would seem to cover both senses of podium simultaneously. In such cases where the ambiguity is difficult to resolve, it's probably best to keep the old podium/lectern distinction firmly in place.
WORD FAMILY
podium: podia, podiums
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This is one of the greatest days of my life,” he proclaimed from the podium, with eyes swollen and red from shedding tears.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Opposition lawmakers, seeing an attack on democratic freedom, occupied the area around the speaker’s podium in parliament, blocking work on legislation.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
We started the night on a revolving podium and the leads kept getting tangled up.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 表演台; 讲台; 乐队指挥台; 领奖台
分布：讲台(90%)，矮墙(6%)，建筑物的墩座(4%)
→pod-,足，脚，-ium,表地点。即站脚的地方，引申词义讲台，讲坛。
【记】pod脚，ium地方－脚站的地方－讲坛；乐队指挥台
US ['poʊ-] (plural podiums or podia)
noun countable
■a raised area on which a person stands to speak to a large number of people, to conduct music, or to receive a prize in a sports competition 演讲台；乐队指挥台；领奖台
• Tears ran down her face as she stood on the winner's podium. 她站在领奖台上时泪水顺着她的脸庞流了下来。
n. [交] 乐队指挥台；矮墙； [建] 墩座墙
 - sunk fence

Word: refurbish
Front: refurbish
[ˌri:ˈfɜ:bɪʃ] (托宝 15086/11455 -1)
Vocabulary: refurbish
(once / 7319 pages)
v
Whether it’s a bike, an old computer, or a tennis stadium, when you refurbish something you clean it up and make it look or perform better.
When you refurbish something, you generally keep the structure the same but improve its looks and possibly its functionality. For example, if you renovate a room you may make it "new again" with structural changes, such as tearing down walls and altering its original design. If you refurbish it, however, you will most likely focus on making it look better with cosmetic changes, such as painting it. The word refurbish is also often used to describe secondhand technology that has been rebuilt to restore function by replacing a component that has failed.
WORD FAMILY
refurbish: refurbished, refurbishes, refurbishing, refurbishment+/furbish: furbished, furbishes, furbishing, refurbish /refurbishment: refurbishments
USAGE EXAMPLES
The cash they send home builds homes, funds small businesses, refurbishes churches and schools, and provides sustenance for multitudes.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
At Washington’s refurbished Watergate Hotel, the message on room key cards reads “No Need to Break In.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The result is a refurbished bench at a bus stop in front of the Woodland Terrace community center.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 刷新; 使重新干净
时态：refurbished, refurbishing, refurbishes
分布：刷新(40%)，擦亮(30%)，再磨光(30%)
→re-,再，重新，furbish,磨光，擦亮。
刷新;擦亮(re+furbish装饰→再装饰→刷新)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
【记】re再，furbish（v 擦亮）
US [-'fɝ:-] formal
verb transitive
■to make a building look new and bright again 再装修；整修；把…翻新
• The developers refurbished the house inside and out. 开发商把这座房子里外翻修一新。
vt. 刷新；再磨光
 - repolish, do up

Word: resell
Front: resell
[ˌri:ˈsel] (15635/24522)
Back: vt. 再卖，转售
时态：resold, reselling, resells
分布：转售(83%)，再卖(17%)
[ˌri:'sel] (resold, resold)
verb transitive
■to sell something which you previously bought 转售；转卖；再销售
• He buys up run-down properties, fixes them up and resells them. 他大量收购破败的房产，修葺后再转售。
vt. 转售；转卖；再卖
 - regrate

Word: recreational
Front: recreational
[ˌrekriˈeɪʃənl] (托 5934/8839)
Vocabulary: recreational
(once / 6090 pages)
adj
Something is recreational if you do it just for fun. If you're not a professional golfer but love the game, it's recreational.
Anything you do because you enjoy it — rather than because you are obligated to do it — is recreational. Hiking, reading, and visiting museums can all be described this way. Recreational means "something done for recreation," and recreation, which was originally "the curing of a sick person," combines the Latin re, "again" and creare, "to create." Today we think of recreational activities as curing our boredom.
WORD FAMILY
recreational: nonrecreational, recreationally+/ create: created, creates, creating, creation, creative, creator, creature, miscreate, re-create, recreate /created: re-created/ creation: creationism, creations, re-creation/ creative: creatively, creativeness, creativity, uncreative/ creator: creators/ creature: creatures/miscreate: miscreated, miscreating, miscreation/miscreation: miscreations/re-create: re-creating/ recreate: recreated, recreates, recreating, recreation / recreation: recreational, recreations/uncreative: uncreatively, uncreativeness
USAGE EXAMPLES
And area residents already use the woodland for educational and recreational purposes, he said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Parenting is about providing children with opportunities while protecting them from harm, and few recreational activities put those impulses in opposition the way football does.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The law also allows for legal action against drivers of snowmobiles or off-highway recreational vehicles that damage private property.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 消遣的; 娱乐的
分布：娱乐的(71%)，消遣的(29%)
ADJ
休闲的；娱乐的
Recreational means relating to things people do in their spare time to relax.
例：...parks and other recreational facilities.公园和其他休闲设施
例：...recreational use of alcohol.饮酒怡情
adj. 娱乐的，消遣的；休养的
 - sportful

Word: tote
Front: tote
[təʊt] (13325/24669 -1)
Vocabulary: tote
(once / 3617 pages)
vn
A tote is a bag or basket used to carry things. Toting also refers to lugging things around.
If you ever go to a conference, there's a good chance you might be given a tote, which is also known as a tote bag. Totes help people carry around conference materials, and they can be used to carry all sorts of things, including clothes for a trip or groceries at the store. Also, carrying things around is called toting. Usually, toting refers to carrying things around with difficulty. A giant box is hard to tote around.
WORD FAMILY
tote: toted, toter, totes, toting+/toter: toters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Speaking of “It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia,” this totes inappropes sitcom is back for a 12th season.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
While shooting the movie, Gerwig toted around a copy of Susan Sontag’s book “On Photography” or the ’70s feminist essay anthology “Sisterhood Is Powerful.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Surgery was successful, but his lungs collapsed twice, and now he totes an oxygen pack with tubes that snake past his signature mustache.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 手提，携带; 背负; 合计; 搬运
n. 手提; 负担; 总额; 装运物
时态：toted, toting, totes
分布：手提(49%)，携带(25%)，搬运(19%)，装载(7%)
US [toʊt] verb transitive informal
■to carry something, especially something heavy or awkward 携带，搬运，背负（尤指重物或不便之物）
• She usually toted the baby around in a backpack. 她通常把婴儿放在背袋里，背着到处走。
• The building was surrounded with bodyguards toting sub-machine guns. 大楼周围有很多手持冲锋枪的卫兵。
• Gun -toting security men were posted at all the entrances. 所有的入口处都部署了配枪保安人员。
UK [təʊt] US [toʊt] noun
RACING 比赛
the tote
only singular specialized
■a system of putting bets on horses or dogs in a race （赛马或赛狗的）赌金计算系统
UK [təʊt] US [toʊt] noun
BAG 袋
countable
■a tote bag 大手提包，大手提袋
vt. 手提；携带；背负；合计
 - sum, hand carry
n. 手提；负担；总数；装载；拖
 - burden, loading, weight, sum, strain

Word: spear
Front: spear
[spɪə(r)] (高研四六宝 8310/8899 -1)
Vocabulary: spear
(once / 245 pages)
nv
A spear consists of a long shaft that has a sharp point at one end. You might use one to go spear fishing, but that's about it. Spears are no longer the weapon of choice.
Spear also refers to the action of impaling something or someone with a spear. “Odysseus blinded the Cyclops by jamming a huge spear into its eye.” In addition to the long-shafted, pointy spear that people throw, spear is the name for the sprout of a plant. In the vegetable world, separate stalks of asparagus are called spears.
WORD FAMILY
spear: speared, spearing, spears
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Cakautavatava described the old days of hunting turtles in a fiberglass boat and spearing them through the shell.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The third, a Zulu spear, and so on.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s not somber scientists who drive human ingenuity, nor the warrior class and its quest for a better spear.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 矛; 枪; （某些植物的）嫩枝; 貌，标枪
vt. 用矛刺; 用鱼叉捉; 〈美俚〉得到，捕到; 刺，戳
adj. 父系的，右边的
时态：speared, spearing, spears
分布：矛(82%)，标枪(12%)，刺穿(6%)
→来自古英语 spere,矛，标枪，来自 Proto-Germanic*speri,矛，杆，来自 sper,矛，杆，来 自 spei,尖刺，词源同 spar,spike,spire.
n.矛,枪After the rehearsal, the weary mechanic repaired the gears with shears and spear.排练完后,疲倦的机修工用剪刀和矛修理了齿轮装置.
US [spɪr] noun countable
■a weapon consisting of a pole with a sharp, usually metal, point at one end, which is either thrown or held in the hand 矛；枪；镖枪
■a thin pointed stem or leaf 嫩茎；幼芽
• asparagus spears 芦笋嫩茎
UK [spɪər] US [spɪr] verb transitive
■to push or throw a spear into an animal 用矛刺；用镖枪扎
• They catch the fish by spearing them. 他们用鱼镖刺鱼。
■to catch something on the end of a pointed tool or object （用尖利的东西）刺，戳
• He speared a meatball with his fork. 他用叉子叉起一个肉丸。
n. 矛，枪
 - pike

Word: thrifty
Front: thrifty
[ˈθrɪfti] (研六托宝 21446/21793)
Vocabulary: thrifty
(once / 1781 pages)
adj
Being thrifty means being careful of your money and how you spend it. Think twice before you spend, but if you must shop, hitting the sales and using coupons are good ways to be thrifty.
Note the similarity between the adjective thrifty and the verb thrive, and you'll realize that being careful with your money might be an important survival tactic. Everyone worries about having enough — look at how thrift shops have become important sources of clothing and other goods for many people, allowing them to buy without spending a fortune. Being thrifty is a solid virtue, as suggested by the old German proverb, "Prudent men woo thrifty women."
WORD FAMILY
thrifty: thriftier, thriftiest, thriftily, thriftiness+/ thrift: thriftless, thrifts, thrifty /thriftiness: thriftinesses/thriftless: thriftlessly, thriftlessness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The implication is that Ned and his kind — decent, thrifty and proper — are as irrelevant to the modern world as his product.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
When Kaos was growing up, gang life seemed like anything but a thrifty, desperate existence.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Hertz Global Holdings Inc. includes its namesake and the Dollar and Thrifty brands.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 节俭的; 节约的
分布：节俭的(90%)，兴旺的(5%)，茁壮的(5%)
adjective
■showing a careful use of money, especially by avoiding waste 节约，节俭
• They have plenty of money now, but they still tend to be thrifty. 他们现在很有钱，但仍很节俭。
economical, thrifty
这组词都有“节约的”的意思，其区别是：
economical: 指正当使用财物，强调节省，避免浪费。
thrifty: 侧重节缩开支，积蓄收入。
adj. 节约的；茂盛的；成功的
 - economical, successful, managing, made, saving

Word: transmitter
Front: transmitter
[trænsˈmɪtə(r)] (托 10271/10205 -1)
Back: n. 传送者; 传达者; 发射机; 发报机
分布：发射机(86%)，发射台(6%)，送话器(5%)，传播者(3%)
→transmit,传送，发射，-er,表物。
US [træns'mɪtˌ.ɚ] noun countable
■a piece of equipment for broadcasting radio or television signals （广播、电视信号的）发射台，发射机
• a TV/radio transmitter 电视／广播发射台
n. [电讯] [通信] 发射机，发报机；传达人
 - sender, communicator

Word: whisker
Front: whisker
[ˈwɪskə(r)] (六 13794/11959 -1)
Vocabulary: whisker
(once / 932 pages)
nv
A whisker is a thick, bristly hair that grows on an animal's face. Your cat's long whiskers actually help her to navigate in the dark.
You can also call a human's beard whiskers, but the word usually means the stiff hairs on the snout of an animal like a fox, a walrus, or a rat. In fact, most mammals have whiskers — and humans are the only primates who don't have them. This noun can also mean "a tiny amount," like when a disappointed voter says, "The other guy won by a whisker."
WORD FAMILY
whisker: whiskered, whiskering, whiskerless, whiskers, whiskery+/whisk: whisked, whisker, whisking, whisks
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Bramble Cay melomys were long-tailed, whiskered creatures who lived on an island in the Great Barrier Reef; today none exist.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Raindrops on roses, whiskers on kittens … bright copper kettles….
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The one with the slightly shorter, golden bristly whiskers.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 细须; 连鬓胡子; 〈美俚〉腮帮子; [化]须晶
分布：几乎要做(34%)，腮须胡须(33%)，似须物(33%)
→来自whisk，搅动，用于猫等动物的触须。
US [-kɚ] noun
countable
■any of the long, stiff hairs growing on the face of a cat, mouse or other mammal （猫、鼠等动物的）须
• He watched the cat cleaning the milk off her whiskers. 他看着猫把胡须上的牛奶弄干净。
whiskers [plural] old-fashioned or humorous
■the hair growing on a man's face, especially the sides and/or the lower part （尤指男子侧面或下巴上的）胡须；络腮胡子
UK ['wɪs.kər] US [-kɚ] noun
by a whisker
■by a very small amount 一丝，一点，很少量
• Last time she raced against the Brazilian, she won by a whisker. 上次她和那个巴西人赛跑，仅以微弱优势取胜。
UK ['wɪs.kər] US [-kɚ] noun
come within a whisker of (doing) sth
■If you come within a whisker of doing something, you almost do it or it almost happens to you 差一点就做…；…差一点就发生了
• Twice now she had come within a whisker of death. 到目前为止，她两次与死神擦肩而过。
n. [晶体] 晶须；胡须；腮须
 - beared, hige

Word: woeful
Front: woeful
[ˈwəʊfl] (23845/33971 -1)
Back: adj. 悲哀的; 悲惨的; 不幸的
分布：悲伤的(44%)，悲哀的(32%)，不幸的(24%)
US ['woʊ-] adjective
BAD 坏的
■very bad or (of something very bad or unpleasant) very great or extreme 极坏的，极糟糕的
• The team's woeful record consists of six defeats in seven matches. 这个队非常糟糕的记录是七场比赛中有六场败北。
• They displayed woeful ignorance of the safety rules. 他们对安全条例表现出极端的无知。
UK ['wəʊ.fəl] US ['woʊ-] adjective
SAD 悲伤的 formal
■extremely sad 极为悲哀的，极为悲伤的
• She was looking very woeful, with her eyes red and swollen. 她的眼睛又红又肿，看起来十分悲伤。
adj. 悲哀的；悲惨的；遗憾的；不幸的
 - sad, sorry, evil, miserable

Word: aaron
Front: aaron
[ˈɛərən] (-/12804)
Back: n. 亚伦(<圣经>故事人物，摩西之兄，犹太教的第一个大祭司)
分布：名词(100%)

Word: vista
Front: vista
[ˈvɪstə] (托宝 8658/14152 -1)
Vocabulary: vista
(once / 1098 pages)
n
A vista is a scene, view, or panorama. It's what you stop to see when you climb to the top of a mountain, or pull off the road at the "scenic view" rest stop.
Vista is an Italian word that means "sight" or "view." It's the same in Spanish and is related to the verb avistar, which means "to catch sight of." Hasta la vista! means, literally, "Until I see you!" (or, more simply, "See you later!"). As in Spain and Mexico, we like to name our towns after a vista: Buena Vista ("great scenery"), Chula Vista ("pleasant view"), and Rio Vista ("overlooking the river") are all places in California.
WORD FAMILY
vista: vistas
USAGE EXAMPLES
And — perhaps most inexplicable of all — there was 2007, when millions of people voluntarily installed Windows Vista.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
There are stunning vistas of rugged, bucolic coastal inlets.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
It ends up somewhere between Santana and Buena Vista Social Club, and a long way from tradition.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 远景; 狭长的街景; 追溯往事; 展望，回顾
分布：展望(60%)，街景(30%)，回想(10%)
→来自拉丁语videre,看，-st,过去分词后缀。引申词义景观，远景，展望等。
【记】vis看，ta：远景
noun countable literary
■a view, especially a splendid view from a high position 美景；（尤指从高处看到的）壮观景色
• After a hard climb, we were rewarded by a picture-postcard vista of rolling hills under a deep blue summer sky. 一番艰苦的攀登之后，我们得到了回报，只见蔚蓝的夏日晴空下群山起伏，如诗如画。
■a possible future action or event that you can imagine 前景
• As leader, he opened up exciting vistas of global co-operation. 作为领袖，他开启了全球合作的美好前景。
n. 远景，狭长的街景；展望；回顾
 - perspective, outlook, review

Word: authenticity
Front: authenticity
[ˌɔ:θenˈtɪsəti] (宝 8177/10267)
Vocabulary: authenticity
(once / 2195 pages)
n
Authenticity is the quality of being genuine or real. You might question the authenticity of your eccentric uncle's photo of a UFO.
The word authenticity is the state of something being authentic, or legitimate and true. Authenticity is important when the value of something is dependent on where it came from or how it was made. If you buy a ring said to be worn by Marie Antoinette, you will likely pay a hefty price for it. Before you spend all of that money, you should consult with a historian or experienced jeweler, who will be able to verify its authenticity.
WORD FAMILY
authenticity: authenticities+/ authentic: authentically, authenticity, inauthentic, unauthentic/ inauthentic: inauthentically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Swann ultimately pulled the manuscript from the sale, and Mexican curators confirmed its authenticity.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Cornwell said she needs to spend a lot more time in Richmond to add the authenticity that grounds her thrillers.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Would Russians believe in their authenticity if they were leaked?
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 可靠性，确实性，真实性
分布：真实性(100%)
【反】spuriousness（n 伪造）
US [ˌɑ:.θen'tɪs.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■the quality of being real or true 确实性；真实性；可靠性
• The poems are supposed to be by Sappho, but they are actually of doubtful authenticity. 据说这些诗是萨福所作，但实际上其真实性令人怀疑。
• The authenticity of her story is beyond doubt. 她讲述的事情的真实性不容置疑。
n. 真实性， [法] 确实性；可靠性
 - reliability, credibility

Word: burglary
Front: burglary
[ˈbɜ:gləri] (10553/7225 -1)
Vocabulary: burglary
(once / 2419 pages)
n
A burglary is committed when a person breaks into a building with the intent of committing a crime, especially if the crime is to steal valuable items.
What's the difference between burglary and robbery? In a burglary, the criminal has to enter the building or structure illegally (breaking and entering), and the victim of the theft is unlikely to have contact with the burglar — or to even know about the theft until after the burglar is gone. In a robbery, however, a victim has to be present, and the criminal commits the crime by using violence or threatening the victim with violence.
WORD FAMILY
burglary: burglaries, burglarious, burglarise, burglarize +/ burglar: burglars/burglarious: burglariously/burglarise: burglarised, burglarising/ burglarize: burglarized, burglarizes, burglarizing/ burgle: burglar, burglary, burgled, burgles, burgling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Minnesota’s burglary law includes entering a building without consent and with the intent to commit a crime.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Bank Stadium in Minneapolis during a Minnesota Vikings’ game is suspected of burglary.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Burglaries are down 16 percent, and robberies and incidents of stolen vehicles are down 12 percent.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 夜盗，盗窃; 夜盗行为
分布：盗窃行为(100%)
US ['bɝ:.glɚ-] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the crime of illegally entering a building and stealing things 入室盗窃（罪）
n. 盗窃，夜盗；盗窃行为
 - theft, ripoff

Word: careless
Front: careless
[ˈkeələs] (中高四托 9928/7681 -K1)
Vocabulary: careless
(once / 171 pages)
1adj 2adj
When you're careless about something, you're not giving it much attention or consideration. If you're careless about mowing the lawn, you might mow over your mother's prized daffodils without even noticing.
When you say, "I couldn't care less" about something, you're probably going to be pretty careless about it, too. If you couldn’t care less about your homework, then you'll approach it in a careless manner, without much thought or concentration. Careless is negative, but it’s a little less so when it means effortless and unstudied, the way you might bat away a bug with a careless swat. Interestingly, the root meaning of care is "grief," so careless is "without grief."
WORD FAMILY
careless: carelesser, carelessest, carelessly, carelessness+/ care: cared, careful, careless, cares, caring / careful: carefuler, carefulest, carefully, carefulness, overcareful/carefulness: carefulnesses/carelessness: carelessnesses/ caring: caringly, carings, uncaring/overcareful: overcarefully/uncaring: uncaringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He’s charged with felony tampering with evidence and two misdemeanors for careless discharge of a firearm.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The big-rig was hauled from the river and the driver cited for careless driving.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But I also think about how his voice always got richer when he sang about pain, way back to “Careless Whisper.”
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 粗心的; 无忧无虑的; 漫不经心的，不介意的; 淡漠的
分布：粗心的(64%)，漫不经心的(14%)，无忧无虑的(8%)，草率的(7%)，疏忽的(7%)
→care, 关心。-less, 否定词缀。
US ['ker-] adjective
NO ATTENTION 粗心的
 ADVANCED
■not taking or showing enough care and attention 不小心的；粗心的，马虎的
• My son's teacher says that his work is often rather careless. 我儿子的老师说他做作业经常粗心大意。
• He made a careless (= without thinking) remark about her appearance that really upset her. 他对她外貌的一句随意的评价让她很不快。
UK ['keə.ləs] US ['ker-] adjective
NO WORRY 不担忧的 literary
■relaxed, natural and free from worry 轻松自在的，无忧无虑的
⇒ See also carefree
adj. 粗心的；无忧无虑的；淡漠的
 - unwary, sloppy

Word: domino
Front: domino
[ˈdɒmɪnəʊ] (14155/13978 -1)
Vocabulary: domino
(once / 8730 pages)
1n 2n
A domino is a small rectangular block used in the game dominoes. Each block has anywhere from 0 to 6 dots.
A domino is a small, black rectangular game piece with white dots. In the game called dominoes, sides of the dominoes with equal numbers are matched. Dominoes are also stood up to create elaborate patterns that look pretty impressive when they’re knocked down. If you set them up right, knocking down the first domino will knock down hundreds and even thousands of others. This use of dominoes inspired the domino effect, when one action inevitably causes others.
WORD FAMILY
domino: dominos
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Once one domino fell, they all started falling,” Britten said.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Instead of leading his company, he spends his working hours silently building and collapsing domino towers.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
In another sequence, he sends Star Destroyers toppling into each other like dominos.
Slate(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 多米诺骨牌; 骨牌效应; 化妆斗篷面具
分布：多米诺骨牌(100%)
→历史说法不一。词源同domineer, 控制，因这种骨牌一个接一个的倒下而得名。其字面意思为主，上帝。
US ['dɑ:.mə.noʊ] (plural dominoes)
noun countable
■a small, rectangular object with spots on it, that is used in a game 多米诺骨牌
dominoes uncountable
■a game using dominoes 多米诺骨牌游戏
• A group of old men sat playing dominoes. 一群老人坐着玩多米诺骨牌游戏。
n. 多米诺骨牌；面具；化装外衣
 - mask, face-piece

Word: chin
Front: chin
[tʃɪn] (研四六雅 3947/4221 -K2)
Vocabulary: chin
(once / 498 pages)
nv
Your chin is the somewhat pointy part of your jaw at the bottom of your face, below your mouth. When a man has a bushy beard, it usually covers his cheeks and his chin.
Humans are unique in having a chin — it's thought to have evolved in part from our habit of using speech. When chin is a verb, it means to do a pull up on an exercise bar, lifting your full weight until your chin touches the bar. In the late 16th century, to chin meant to affectionately rub chins with someone else, and in 1880s American slang, it also meant "to gossip."
WORD FAMILY
chin: chinless, chinned, chinning, chins
USAGE EXAMPLES
This famously tall and ungainly president sits scrunched up in a chair, legs crossed, hand to chin, thinking hard.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“We’ve only met her once, for five minutes,” says Bob, aggressively tucking gussets under his chin and folding pants.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Kimbo lowers his guard and taunts his opponent, Big D, who strikes Kimbo’s heedlessly exposed chin with no visible effect.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指人的）颏，下巴; 聊天; 引体向上动作
v. 用下巴夹住; 聊天; 作引体向上动作
时态：chinned, chinning, chins
分布：下巴(84%)，颏(11%)，聊天(4%)，作引体向上(1%)
→来自genu, 下巴，词源同knee, genuflect, 基本义为弯，转。
n.下巴,颏In the building, the wild child hurt his mild chin on the china.在大楼里,那个粗野的孩子在瓷器上弄伤了温柔的下巴.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■the part of a person's face below their mouth 下巴，颏
• To keep the helmet in position, fasten the strap beneath the chin. 将带子在下巴下系紧以固定好头盔。
• She sat behind the table, her chin resting in her hands. 她坐在桌子后面，双手托着下巴。
[tʃɪn] noun countable
Chin up! informal
■something you say to someone in a difficult situation in order to encourage them to be brave and try not to be sad 振作起来！别气馁！别灰心！
• Chin up! It'll soon be the weekend. 别泄气！马上就到周末了。
[tʃɪn] noun countable
take it on the chin informal
■to accept unpleasant events bravely and without complaining （无怨无悔地）承受，接受
n. 下巴；聊天；引体向上动作
 - chat, jaw
vi. 闲谈；作引体向上动作
 - visit, dish

Word: furnish
Front: furnish
[ˈfɜ:nɪʃ] (研四六托雅 7335/5253 -1)
Vocabulary: furnish
(once / 97 pages)
1v 2v
If you provide something needed, you furnish it. You can furnish an answer to a question in an interview, furnish the snacks at a party, or furnish a room by filling it with couches and chairs.
Just as furniture fills a room or a building, to furnish is to fill a need. Another word for furnish is "provide." A furnace furnishes heat (try saying that ten times fast). A job furnishes you with an income. Your parents furnish you with a place to live, furniture included.
WORD FAMILY
furnish: furnished, furnishes, furnishing, refurnish+/ furnished: unfurnished/furnishing: furnishings/refurnish: refurnished, refurnishing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Size is an important consideration with plants, says Mr. Hancock, who notes that the plants should complement the furnishings and space, not dominate it.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
The survey highlighted men’s apparel and home furnishings as strong points, while jewelry sales fell from a year ago.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
It’s the neighborhood’s plaza, a traffic circle furnished with crayon-color folding chairs and umbrellas, tables.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 陈设，布置; 提供，供应; 装修（房屋）
时态：furnished, furnishing, furnishes
分布：提供(85%)，布置(9%)，装备(6%)
→来自pro, 向前，准备，词源同forth, from, frame. 引申词义供应，提供。
v.供应,提供;装备,布置The animals unanimously vanished from the mammal's room furnished with Spanish furniture.动物一齐从配备有西班牙家具的哺乳动物的房间消失.
US ['fɝ:-] verb transitive
■to provide with furniture; to put furniture in 为…配备家俱；布置（家俱）
• They've furnished the room very simply. 他们把房间布置得很简单。
UK ['fɜ:.nɪʃ] US ['fɝ:-] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  furnish sb with sth formal
■to provide someone with something 向（某人）提供
• Furnished with a compass and sandwiches, they set off for a day's hiking. 他们带着罗盘和三明治开始了一天的徒步旅行。
equip, furnish, present, provide, volunteer, propose, supply, offer, afford
equip: 侧重提供与技术有关的装备或设备等
furnish: 多指添置家具等供给生活的必需品或为生活舒适提供所需的服务设施
present: 既可指提出意见建议等，又可指拿出某物供人欣赏或赠送
provide: 与supply近义，但强调人的深谋远虑，侧重用贮备等方法作充分准备
volunteer: 侧重出于自愿，而不是奉命做某事
propose: 指直接而主动地提出问题或建议等，也指在讨论或争辩中提出具体意见或建议
supply: 普通用词，指提供任何所需求的东西
offer: 多指主动提出或提供意见或东西等，但是否接受由对方自行决定
afford: 一般只用于对抽象事物提供，也可指经济能力上的供给或支付
furnish, accommodate, afford
这组词都有“提供”的意思，其区别是：
furnish: v.指提供生活或某种用途所需要的东西。
 • Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.   阅读虽然为我们的思想提供了各种知识，然而只有思考才能将我们读到的内容变成自己的东西。
accommodate: v.提供住宿、房间；适应，迎合，迁就。
 • This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.   这家饭店可供500位来宾住宿。
 • The company accommodated the customer's wish and sent the delivery overnight.   公司满足了顾客的愿望，连夜将货物发了出去。
afford: v.负担，支付；当“提供”讲时，多用于指抽象事物的提供。
 • We can't afford that expensive sports car.   我们买不起那辆昂贵的跑车。
 • The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.   从这幢高楼上可以看到大海的美丽景致。
vt. 提供；供应；装备
 - afford, prepare, serve, tender, lend

Word: garrison
Front: garrison
[ˈgærɪsn] (34196/8056 -1)
Vocabulary: garrison
(once / 403 pages)
nv
A garrison most often refers to a military outpost where troops are stationed to provide protection to an area. The word garrison is also used to refer to the troops stationed there.
Garrison is from the Old French verb garir, meaning "defend, protect" is of Germanic origin, so you can see where the noun garrison gets its sense of a stronghold of defense. A great example is Hadrian's Wall, completed in 128 A.D. by the Roman emperor Hadrian. The wall was built across Scotland to protect settlements to the south from invaders, and it was dotted with around two dozen forts that could each hold a garrison of 500 soldiers.
WORD FAMILY
garrison: garrisoned, garrisoning, garrisons
USAGE EXAMPLES
A force of more than 4,000 Pakistani soldiers is stationed in Swat, and last month the army began constructing a permanent garrison.
Reuters(Dec 11, 2016)
Abbottabad, a garrison city north of Peshawar, was where United States Navy SEALs raided a compound and killed Osama bin Laden in 2011.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
The garrison served as the Eastern Caribbean headquarters of the British Army and Navy.
BBC(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 守备部队，卫戍部队; 要塞，驻防区; 加里森
vt. 守卫; 驻防
时态：garrisoned, garrisoning, garrisons
分布：要塞(62%)，驻地(26%)，派兵驻守(6%)，守备队(6%)
→来自wer, 保护，防御，词源同warrant, weir. 原指城堡守卫，后指卫戍部队。
城堡驻军(garr+ison表动词→供应物资的驻军)[gar,garn=furnish,表示"装饰,供应"]
US ['ger-] noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of soldiers living in or defending a town or building, or the buildings that the soldiers live in 卫戍部队，守备部队；卫戍区，驻防地
• The 100-strong garrison has/have received no supplies for a week. 这支100人的守备部队已经一个星期没有得到补给了。
• a garrison town 有驻防的城市
UK ['gær.ɪ.sən] US ['ger-] verb [T usually passive + adv/prep]
■to put a group of soldiers in a place in order to live there and defend it 派（兵）驻防
• British troops are garrisoned in the area. 英国部队在这个地区驻防。
n. 要塞；卫戍部队
 - stronghold, presidio
vt. 驻防；守卫
 - sentinel

Word: fixture
Front: fixture
[ˈfɪkstʃə(r)] (研六托雅 7036/6192 -2)
Vocabulary: fixture
(once / 1727 pages)
n
A fixture is something that is stuck or "fixed" somewhere, like the plumbing fixtures in your bathroom or the guy who is a fixture in this favorite diner, always sitting in the third booth from the door.
When a house is for sale, it's generally assumed that the fixtures — the kitchen sink, the fireplace, or a ceiling fan — are included with the house. Fixtures tend to be the objects that are fixed, or securely fastened, in place. A regular patron or customer can also be called a fixture, like the fixtures at the local diner who never fail to show up for the early bird special. Fixture, modeled after mixture, comes from the Latin root fixus, "immovable, established, or settled."
WORD FAMILY
fixture: fixtures+/fix: fixative, fixed, fixer, fixes, fixing, fixture / fixed: fixedly, fixedness, fixity, unfixed/fixer: fixers/fixing: fixings/fixity: fixities
USAGE EXAMPLES
France beat Germany in Group A's other fixture, with USA, Spain, Australia and the Czech Republic completing the line-up in Group B.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
He spent 17 years at the station and also presented Top of the Pops and was a weekly fixture on Noel's House Party.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Southampton's Virgil van Dijk was also level with that bunch until he was sent off late in their final fixture of the year on Saturday.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. （房屋等的）固定装置; [商]定期放款，定期存款; 固定在某位置的人或物; （定期定点举行的）体育活动
分布：固定装置(63%)，固定物(28%)，固定成员(9%)
→来自fix, 固定。用于指固定设施或定期举行的体育活动。
固定物,修理(fix+ture)[fix=fix,表示"固定"]
n.固定设备;预定日期;比赛时间;定期存款He's become a fixture of that store.他已成为那家商店的一员.
US [-tʃɚ] noun countable
FIXED OBJECT 固定的物体 mainly UK a permanently fixed piece of furniture in a house, such as a bath, which would not be taken by someone when they move to a new home （房屋内的）固定装置
• All fixtures and fittings are included in the house price. 所有固定装置和可拆除设备都包括在房价里。
• figurative They've been together so long he's become a permanent fixture in her life. 他们在一起太久了，他已经成为她生活中不可缺少的一部分。
Compare fitting
UK ['fɪks.tʃər] US [-tʃɚ] noun countable
SPORTS EVENT 体育赛事 UK a day and usually a time agreed for a sports event （定时举办的）体育活动，体育赛事
• Next season's fixtures will be published early next month. 下赛季的赛事日程将在下月初公布。
n. 设备；固定装置；固定于某处不大可能移动之物
 - equipment, furniture, facility, plant

Word: halal
Front: halal
[ˈhælæl] (38059/46573)
Vocabulary: halal
(once / 49661 pages)
adjn
Food that's halal is allowed under the religious laws of Islam. It's especially important for observant Muslims to eat only halal meat that's been prepared in a certain way.
The adjective halal can describe non-food items, and also allowable or proper behavior. It's not considered halal for a Muslim to eat pork, for example, or to drink alcohol or use intoxicating drugs. The word halal literally means "lawful" in Arabic, and the specifics of what is and isn't halal is found in the Quran, the main religious text in Islam.
WORD FAMILY
halal
USAGE EXAMPLES
Aasif Mandvi, an actor and former correspondent for “The Daily Show,” is adapting his comedy “Halal in the Family” for an animated series.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Perhaps nowhere else in the United States does a hockey rink sit so close to a halal meat market.
New York Times(Nov 13, 2016)
Plainclothes officers lingered in coffee shops and halal delis, eavesdropping on conversations and noting the political opinions of owners and customers.
New York Times(Oct 31, 2016)
Back: n. 伊斯兰教律法的合法食物
v. 按伊斯兰教律法屠宰牲畜
分布：按伊斯兰教律法售卖或提供食物的(100%)
→来自阿拉伯语halal,合法的。比较kosher.
adjective [before noun]
■describes meat from an animal that has been killed in the way that is demanded by Islamic law, or someone who sells this meat （肉）按伊斯兰教教规宰杀牲畜取得的，合伊斯兰教教规的
• halal meat 伊斯兰教的合法畜肉
• a halal butcher 出售伊斯兰教合法畜肉的肉商
n. 伊斯兰教律法的合法食物
 - hallal

Word: imperialist
Front: imperialist
[ɪmˈpɪəriəlɪst] (17402/15964)
Back: n. 帝国主义者; 皇帝的支持者，帝制拥护者
adj. 帝国主义的
分布：帝国主义的(71%)，帝国主义者(29%)
→词源同empire,帝国，帝权。
US [-'pɪr.i-] often disapproving
noun countable
■someone who supports imperialism 帝国主义者
UK [ɪm'pɪə.ri.ə.lɪst] US [-'pɪr.i-] often disapproving
adjective (also imperialistic)
■supporting or relating to imperialism 支持帝国主义的；和帝国主义有关的
• an imperialist power 帝国主义强国

Word: godfather
Front: godfather
[ˈgɒdfɑ:ðə(r)] (16757/14192 -1)
Back: n. 教父; 监护人; （黑手党下属组织的）首领
vt. 当…的教父; 作…的监护人
分布：教父(99%)，做 ... 教父(1%)
US ['gɑ:dˌfɑ:.ðɚ] noun countable
■a male godparent 教父
■the leader of a criminal group, especially a mafia family （犯罪组织的，尤指黑手党家族中的）头号人物，首领

Word: interruption
Front: interruption
[ˌɪntəˈrʌpʃn] (四六 8994/6517 -K)
Back: n. 中断; 打断; 障碍物; 打岔的事
分布：中断(99%)，打岔(1%)
打断,插嘴(interrupt+ion)[rupt=break,表示"断裂"]
US [-tˌə-] noun countable or uncountable
■when someone or something stops something from happening for a short period 打断；短暂中止
• a brief interruption 短暂的中断
• I worked all morning without interruption. 我整个上午都在工作，没有受到干扰。
n. [计] 中断；干扰；中断之事
 - break, disturbance, obstacle

Word: indulgence
Front: indulgence
[ɪnˈdʌldʒəns] (12489/11258)
Vocabulary: indulgence
(once / 484 pages)
1n 2n
An indulgence is doing something that you enjoy even if it has negative consequences. Buying yourself something that you don't need, be it a cookie, video game, or diamond necklace, is an indulgence.
If you allow yourself to eat more chocolate cake or watch more TV than is really good for you, those are your little indulgences. If you spend your life savings on a trip to Tahiti, that’s a huge indulgence. If someone says to you, "Grant me this indulgence," prepare for a long-winded story that tries to convince you of something. Long, long ago the Catholic Church sold something called "indulgences": pardons for sins.
WORD FAMILY
indulgence: indulgences, nonindulgence, self-indulgence+/ indulge: indulged, indulgence, indulges, indulging, overindulge/overindulge: overindulged, overindulgence, overindulges, overindulging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tim and I enjoy our drinks and dessert of deep-fried Snickers, which is indulgence par excellence.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But the doting motherhood Clark displayed was considered a bourgeois indulgence.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Cooking seasonal comfort food with skill and a dash of extra indulgence.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 沉溺; 迁就，宽容; 嗜好; 溺爱，放纵
分布：沉溺 放纵 嗜好(100%)
→in-,进入，使，-dulge,长的，长时间的，来自del,长，词源同long,play,pledge.其原义为长时间的从事于某事，爱好，嗜好，后词义贬义化，引申词义沉湎，沉溺，放纵。
【反】asceticism（n 苦行；禁欲主义）
noun
countable or uncountable
■when you allow someone or yourself to have something enjoyable, especially more than is good for you 沉溺；放纵
• Chocolate is my only indulgence. 巧克力是我唯一的嗜好。
• All the pleasures and indulgences of the weekend are over, and I must get down to some serious hard work. 周末的快乐时光和享受都结束了，我要认真处理一些棘手的工作。
• His health suffered from over- indulgence in (= too much) rich food and drink. 过度食用油腻食物和酗酒损害了他的健康。
⇒ See also self-indulgence
uncountable
■when you allow or do not mind someone's failure or bad behaviour 允许；迁就；纵容
• My inability to do needlework was treated with surprising indulgence by my teacher. 我不会做针线活，而老师竟然迁就了我，这真令我吃惊。
n. 嗜好；放纵；纵容；沉溺
 - weakness, habit, hobby, appetite, loose

Word: isaac
Front: isaac
[ˈaizək] (-/8205)
Back: n. 艾萨克（男人名）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: judaism

Word: northwestern
Front: northwestern
['nɔ:θ'westən] (6427/26855)
Back: adj. （在）西北的; 向西北的; 来自西北的; （常N-）西北部的
分布：西北方的(47%)，来自西北的(30%)，在西北部的(23%)
US [ˌnɔ:rθ'wes.tˌɚn] (written abbreviation NW)
adjective
■in or from the northwest 在西北的；从西北的
• northwestern Mexico 墨西哥西北部

Word: nemesis
Front: nemesis
['neməsɪs] (宝 15405/24549)
Vocabulary: nemesis
(once / 18791 pages)
n
Use the word nemesis to describe someone or something that always causes you major problems, like the runner on another school's track team who, for years, has been beating your time by a fraction of a second.
The word nemesis describes a rival who just somehow seems able to get the best of you. It can be someone you compete against, someone whose skills are nearly identical to yours and yet, your nemesis always seems to finish ahead of you, get a higher grade, and generally make you feel flustered. Nemesis can also refer to something that always causes you problems, like public speaking, the nemesis of those who get tongue-tied when nervous.
WORD FAMILY
nemesis: nemeses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those numbers alone belied the Patriots’ all-around dominance of their nemesis.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
And I will not root for my team’s lifelong nemesis.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Ralphie is also bullied and beats up his nemesis, then cries afterward.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 公正的惩罚; 天罚; 不可逃避的惩罚; 报应
分布：不可避免的报应(100%)
→来自希腊语Nemesis,复仇女神，来自nem,分配，给予，词源同number,nomad.引申词义给予应有的惩罚和报应。
【记】来自希腊神话中的复仇女神Nemesisne你，me我，sis总要死一个：因为受到了天罚
['nem.ə.sɪs] (plural nemeses) literary
noun countable
■Someone's nemesis is a person or thing that is very difficult for them to defeat. 劲敌
■(a cause of) punishment or defeat that is deserved and cannot be avoided 报应，天谴；应得的惩罚；不可避免的失败
• The tax increases proved to be the President's political nemesis at the following election. 提高税收令总统在接下来的选举中自食恶果。
n. 报应；给与惩罚的人；天罚
 - payment, retribution

Word: shear
Front: shear
[ʃɪə(r)] (研四六托雅宝 9594/10041 -1)
Vocabulary: shear
(once / 1337 pages)
1vn 2vn
A shear is a cutting implement that looks like a long pair of scissors. Also like scissors, this form of the noun is usually plural. You can cut metal, prune a tree, or cut up a chicken with shears.
In farming, when you remove wool from a sheep, goat, or even a llama, you shear the animal. Most farmers shear their sheep once a year, but the timing varies from farm to farm. The verb shear also means to cause to break off or come apart with a cutting force. The wind during a storm can blow hard enough to shear the tiles off a roof.
WORD FAMILY
shear: sheared, shearer, shearing, shears+/sheared: unsheared/shearer: shearers/shearing: shearings/shears: shearses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Quion Shears, 19, wants to get a degree at Clark Atlanta University and hopes to become a real estate agent.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
“Shear Madness” A comedy-mystery set in Georgetown, in which the audience helps solve a murder.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Liberals stride into the red-tape jungle with pruning shears, and find themselves entangled in the internal logic of the rules.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 剪羊毛; 切断; 剪切; 剥夺
vi. 剪切; 修剪; 穿越; [力]切变
n. 大剪刀; 剪下的东西; 剪切; [力]切力
时态：sheared, shorn, shearing, shears
分布：剪(88%)，修剪(6%)，剥夺(3%)，剪掉(1%)，大剪刀(1%)，剪下的东西(1%)
→来自古英语 sceran,剪下，切下，来自 Proto-Germanic*sker,剪，切，来自 sker,剪，切， 词源同 share,sharp.引申诸相关词义。
v.剪,修剪After the rehearsal, the weary mechanic repaired the gears with shears and spear.排练完后,疲倦的机修工用剪刀和矛修理了齿轮装置.
【记】sh使，ear－使羊的耳朵边上的毛剪掉－剪羊毛（羊的耳边没毛）
【参】shears（n 大剪刀）
US [ʃɪr] (sheared, sheared or shorn)
verb
CUT 剪切
   transitive
■to cut the wool off a sheep 给（羊）剪（羊毛）
• The farmer taught her how to shear sheep. 那个农夫教了她如何剪羊毛。
transitive
■to cut the hair on a person's head close to the skin, especially without care （尤指草率地）剃光（头发）
• He recalled the humiliation of having his hair shorn and exchanging his clothes for the prison uniform. 他记起了曾被剃光头、被迫换上囚服的耻辱。
be shorn of sth
■to have something taken away from you 被剥夺，被夺去
• The ex-President, although shorn of his official powers, still has influence. 前总统虽然被剥夺了权力，但是仍有影响力。
UK [ʃɪər] US [ʃɪr] (sheared, sheared or shorn)
verb
BREAK 断裂
   intransitive specialized
■If part of something, especially something made of metal, shears, it breaks into two pieces, usually because of a sideways force （尤指金属部件因剪切力）折断，断裂
• The old screws holding the engine casing had sheared (off). 固定引擎外壳的旧螺丝折断了。
vt. 剪；修剪；剥夺
 - crop, clip
vi. 剪； [机] 剪切；修剪
 - trim off, to prune
n. [力] 切变；修剪；大剪刀
 - cutting back, clipper

Word: samara

Word: trident
Vocabulary: trident
(once / 6552 pages)
n
If you’re the ancient Greek god of the sea, you’re probably already familiar with a trident, a three-pronged spear you can use to stab things.
The trident, which is a spear with three points, or prongs, is often associated with the Greek god Poseidon, who used his trident to cause earthquakes and create sources of water. Mere mortals, however, are more likely to use a trident for spear fishing, or long ago, for military combat. Remember not to confuse a trident with a pitchfork, which is used mainly for lifting and tossing things.
WORD FAMILY
trident: tridents
USAGE EXAMPLES
Other paintings bring to mind a lyre and a yoke or a helmet and a trident.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He continued to serve as a lawyer until his retirement in 1995, frequently arguing the case against renewing Trident.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
She was also in favour of renewing Trident and voted to support air strikes against Islamic State in Syria.
BBC(Jun 28, 2016)

Word: chic
Front: chic
[ʃi:k] (雅宝 9263/12437 -1)
Vocabulary: chic
(once / 3285 pages)
adjn
Something that's chic is fashionable or stylish. If you see a chic outfit in the window of a chic boutique, you might imagine that buying it will make you as chic as a fashion model.
Chic can also be used as an noun to mean a specific type of stylishness or coolness, like a downtown urban chic (skinny jeans, perhaps), or nerdy chic (big glasses). Chic is a French word, so remember, whether it's an adjective or a noun, to pronounce it as “sheek” and not “chick,” so you can sound as chic as you look!
WORD FAMILY
chic: chicest, chicly, chicness, chics
USAGE EXAMPLES
Better to opt for the petite pool, where an inflatable gold swan bobs next to the chic lounge.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
In our famously unstylish city, folks are lining up to gaze upon the peak of chic.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
I left Chic in the early ’80s, and the very first record I did after that was David Bowie, “Let’s Dance.”
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. <法>漂亮的，时髦的，潇洒的; 别致的
n. 高雅，雅致
分布：别致(37%)，时尚(26%)，别致的(23%)，时髦的(14%)
→词源不详。
adjective
■stylish and fashionable 时髦的；优雅的；雅致的
• I like your haircut - it's very chic. 我喜欢你的发型——很时髦。
• a chic restaurant 高雅的餐厅
n. 时髦；别致的款式
 - stylishness, trendiness
adj. 别致的
 - picturesque

Word: abrasive
Front: abrasive
[əˈbreɪsɪv] (托宝 16344/14194 -1)
Vocabulary: abrasive
(once / 11354 pages)
adjn
What does an obnoxious person have in common with sandpaper? Both are abrasive. Anything that grates or irritates — physically or metaphorically — can be described using this adjective.
The history of the word abrasive illustrates how a word typically enters the English language and then changes with time. The English verb abrade "to wear down by scraping" entered the language from Latin abradere "to scrape off" in the late 1600s. Some 200 years later, the adjective form of the word — abrasive — came into use to describe a type of grinding tool. By the 1920s, abrasive had acquired the more figurative sense of annoying and infuriating. If you find someone abrasive, he or she grinds away at your nerves.
WORD FAMILY
abrasive: abrasively, abrasiveness, abrasives+/ abrade: abradant, abraded, abrader, abrades, abrading, abrasion, abrasive / abrasion: abrasions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Trump in his own unique, almost mystical way is able to speak a common language that is abrasive and sometimes unattractive but always digestible.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
People often asked him about it, and he realized it might appear abrasive to some.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
“People expect me to be angry, bitter. They expect to me be abrasive, aggressive. I’m not.”
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 有磨蚀作用的; 摩擦的; 粗糙的; 使人厌烦的，伤人感情的
n. 研磨料; 琢料; 金刚砂
分布：磨料(92%)，磨损的(5%)，生硬粗暴的(2%)，腐蚀的(1%)
有打磨作用的(ab+ras+ive)[Ras,rad=scrape,表示"刮擦"]
adjective
UNPLEASANT 令人不愉快的
■rude and unfriendly 生硬粗暴的，粗鲁的
• She has a rather abrasive manner. 她的态度相当粗暴。
• He can be quite abrasive in meetings. 他开会时有时会变得相当生硬粗暴。
[ə'breɪ.sɪv] adjective
CLEANING SUBSTANCE 清洁材料
■An abrasive substance is slightly rough, and often used for cleaning surfaces. 清洁物体表面的研磨材料
• an abrasive cleaner/powder/liquid 清洁用具／粉／液
[ə'breɪ.sɪv] noun countable
■a substance used for rubbing away the surface of something, usually to clean it or make it shiny （通常用来擦洗或擦亮表面用的）磨料
• You'll need a strong abrasive for cleaning this sink. 你要用强力磨料才能把这个洗碗槽擦干净。
adj. 粗糙的； [机] 有研磨作用的；伤人感情的
 - crude, rough, coarse, harsh

Word: abb
Front: abb
[æb] (-/36972)
Back: n. 横丝，纬纱，劣质羊毛; 粗次毛
分布：横丝(30%)，纬(28%)，总部所在地瑞典/瑞士(14%)，主要经营电子电气)(14%)，阿西布朗勃法瑞(财富500强公司之一(14%)
n. 纬纱；横丝；等外羊毛
 - weft yarn, filling yarn

Word: undeclared
Front: undeclared
[ˌʌndɪˈkleəd] (22776/23104)
Back: adj. 未申报的，未经宣战的
分布：未经宣布的(59%)，不公开的(25%)，未报关的(16%)
adj. 未申报的；未经宣布的
 - unannounced

Word: groan
Front: groan
[grəʊn] (研四六雅宝 7178/6209 -2)
Vocabulary: groan
(once / 202 pages)
nv
A groan is a sound of pain or disapproval that doesn't consist of words, usually heard after homework is assigned or bad jokes are told.
People groan for lots of reasons: headaches, stomachaches, traffic jams, and bad news are just a few groan-worthy things that can provoke that moaning, "uuugghhhhh" sound. If someone is complaining about something, you could say she's "moaning and groaning." People like to moan and groan about the weather, politics, and just about everything else.
WORD FAMILY
groan: groaned, groaner, groaning, groans+/groaner: groaners
USAGE EXAMPLES
With gangly limbs, big, expressive eyes and an entire vocabulary’s worth of colorful grunts and groans at her disposal, she’s equally good at nonverbal comedy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In a small office full of shelves groaning with books on the topic of bringing up children, his friendly demeanour belies a more pressing concern.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
As I pondered the stakes of this new kind of labor, the conference room groaned, interrupting the daydream.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vi. 呻吟; 发牢骚; 抱怨; 吱嘎声：因压力而发出声响
vt. 呻吟着说，呻吟着表示
n. 呻吟，叹息; 呻吟般的声音
时态：groaned, groaning, groans
分布：呻吟(63%)，抱怨(18%)，呻吟声(13%)，受重压(4%)，发嘎吱声(2%)
→拟声词，呻吟的声音。
v./n.呻吟The man gave a groan of pain.那人发出痛苦的呻吟声.
【记】读：骨肉嗯－在骨肉死了的时候，你就会呻吟到：我的骨肉嗯。
US [groʊn] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a deep long sound showing great pain or unhappiness （表示痛苦的）呻吟声；（表示不高兴的）哼哼声，叹息声
• We could hear the groans of the wounded soldiers. 我们能听到伤兵们的呻吟声。
■a complaining noise or phrase 抱怨声；埋怨的说话
• He looked at the piles of dirty dishes and gave a groan of dismay. 他看着成堆的脏碟子，发出一声沮丧的叹息。
UK [grəʊn] US [groʊn] verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to make a deep long sound showing great pain or unhappiness （表示痛苦的）呻吟声；（表示不高兴的）哼哼声，叹息声
• He collapsed, groaning with pain. 他痛苦地呻吟着倒了下去
• [+ speech] "Not again, " he groaned (= said in a low unhappy voice). “够了，”他不满地说。
■to complain or speak unhappily 抱怨；埋怨
• She's always moaning and groaning (= complaining a lot) about the weather. 她总是嘟嘟囔囔不停地抱怨天气。
UK [grəʊn] US [groʊn] verb intransitive
groan with/under (the weight of) sth humorous
■to carry a very large quantity of something 满载着；被…堆满
• The tables were positively groaning with food. 饭桌上摆满了丰盛的食物。
sign, groan, moan, sob
这组词都有“叹息声，叹息”的意思，其区别是：
sign: 多指无意识地发出表示沮丧、悲痛、悔恨或厌倦等情绪的深沉叹息。
groan: 侧重指因受到难忍受的精神负担或强烈的痛苦等而发出沉重的呻吟，也指显示强烈不满的叹息声。
moan: 语气比groan强，多指拉长的或连续的悲叹(声)或呻吟(声)。
sob: 指抽噎声或呜咽声，或边说边哭。
vi. 呻吟；抱怨；发吱嘎声
 - beef about, repine
vt. 呻吟；抱怨
 - beef about, rail against
n. 呻吟；叹息；吱嘎声
 - suspiration

Word: fabricate
Front: fabricate
[ˈfæbrɪkeɪt] (研六托雅宝 10365/14422 -1)
Vocabulary: fabricate
(once / 1734 pages)
v
Do you like to construct mini airplanes from kits? Work on an assembly line? Piece together Ikea furniture? Then you certainly know how to fabricate, or to put together, things.
While fabricate might mean the physical act of construction, it can also mean constructing a falsehood. Watch out — those well versed in the art of fabrication might have an ulterior motive. In the movies, the bad cops sometimes fabricate evidence to make the good guy look guilty. When you tell the teacher the dog ate your homework, you’ve fabricated a pretty silly excuse. So if you’re going to fabricate the truth, get some better material!
WORD FAMILY
fabricate: fabricated, fabricates, fabricating, fabrication, fabricator, prefabricate+/ fabrication: fabrications, refabrication/fabricator: fabricators/prefabricate: prefabricated, prefabricates, prefabricating, prefabrication
USAGE EXAMPLES
The other design students helped fabricate was larger and heavier, and therefore more difficult to transport, Monterroso said.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Away from the US elections, fake news breaks down into two wider categories: That which was fabricated and that which was exaggerated or mistaken.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Her digitally fabricated image is appearing as her younger twentysomething self in the iconic role of Princess Leia in Rogue One: A Star Wars Story.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 制造; 装配; 捏造
时态：fabricated, fabricating, fabricates
分布：制造(75%)，编造(17%)，虚构(8%)
→来自fabric, 装配，结构。
捏造;制作(fabric+ate)[fabric=make,表示"制作"]
v.捏造,编造(谎言,借口等);建造,制造The ribbon of the rifle is fabricated with fibre.来复枪的带子是用纤维制作的.
【记】fabric（n 构造）－构造出来的－捏造fabric（n 织物）ate吃：织物还能吃？你不是骗傻子呢吗？捏造！
【区】prefabricate（v 预制）；fabrication（n 编造；捏造；伪造物）
verb transitive
■to invent or produce something false in order to deceive 捏造，虚构；伪造
• He was late, so he fabricated an excuse to avoid trouble. 他迟到了，就编了个理由以免惹上麻烦。
• He claims that the police fabricated evidence against him. 他声称警方伪造了对他不利的证据。
manufacture, fabricate, make, produce
这组词都有“做，制造”的意思，其区别是：
manufacture: 正式用词，一般指用机器大规模地批量生产各种生活或生产用品。
fabricate: 特指按照标准样式制作或把材料或部件组合成一个整体。
make: 普通用词，很常用，含义广，既可指制造具体的东西，也可指完成一种行为。
produce: 普通用词，侧重大量地生产出各种生产用品和生活用品。强调结果。也用于引申。
vt. 制造；伪造；装配
 - manufacture, make, doctor

Word: eviction
Front: eviction
[ɪ'vɪkʃn] (宝 16190/12619)
Vocabulary: eviction
(once / 6716 pages)
n
An eviction is when a renter or tenant is forced to move out by a property owner. If you don't pay rent for months, you run the risk of eviction.
It's most often a landlord who brings an eviction against someone who's renting an apartment or house. In most states, an eviction follows some kind of legal action — the landlord usually has to prove that the tenant hasn't paid rent or isn't following the terms of the lease. The Late Latin root of the word eviction is evictionem, "recovery of property by judicial decision."
WORD FAMILY
eviction: evictions+/ evict: evicted, evicting, eviction, evicts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The family was facing eviction from their home and couldn’t afford gifts for their children.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But she spent her last years in poverty, desperate to revive her screenwriting career and fending off eviction from her Benedict Canyon home.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
His name was on the lease at the housing complex, and convicted felons were subject to eviction.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 逐出，赶出; （租地，租房等的）收回
分布：逐出(66%)，赶出(34%)
逐出,没收[vict,vinc=conquer,overcome,表示"征服,克服"]
N-VAR
驱逐;驱赶
Eviction is the act or process of officially forcing someone to leave a house or piece of land.
例：He was facing eviction, along with his wife and family...他和妻子、家人正面临着被驱逐。
例：He also criticised the evictions for being violent and ruthless.他也批评这些驱逐暴力无情。
n. 逐出；赶出；收回
 - extrusion, withdrawal

Word: hector
Front: hector
['hektə(r)] (宝 41855/9273)
Vocabulary: hector
(once / 11431 pages)
v
To hector is to boss around or verbally bully someone. An older brother might hector his little sister until she hands over part of her Halloween candy.
When you bombard someone with words, nagging and badgering until you get what you want, you hector. A teacher might feel the need to hector a class that consistently forgets to hand in homework assignments, and a playground bully might hector another child to give him her lunch money. The verb hector comes from the character in Greek mythology — Hector — who rallied the Trojans to keep fighting.
WORD FAMILY
hector: hectored, hectoring, hectors
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Was just thinking that what this country really needs is more race-based hectoring!” wrote The Weekly Standard’s Mark Hemingway.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Subtract the personality and essential decency of Moore’s work, though, and the results are hectoring and overblown as well as factually challenged.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
Despite the hectoring, schedule changes and bombast, though, Trump wants journalists to like him.
BBC(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 吓唬，欺凌
n. 暴徒，威吓者，作威作福的人
时态：hectored, hectoring, hectors
分布：威吓(55%)，恃强凌弱的人(30%)，恐吓(15%)
→来自古希腊城邦特洛伊第一勇士Hector,后被街头土匪当祖师爷崇拜，成为土匪代称，引申词义威吓，威逼。其字面意思为坚持者，有韧劲的人，来自希腊语ekhein,持有，保持，持续。参照电影《特洛伊》。
【源】源于荷马史诗《伊利亚特》中的一个虚张声势、恃强凌弱的勇士（赫克托耳）Hector，他是特洛伊（Trojan 勇敢坚毅的人）王子，最终被希腊神话中最牛的人杀死，此人叫阿基里斯Achilles（他除脚踵外全身刀枪不入）
US [-tɚ] disapproving
verb transitive
■to talk and behave towards someone in a loud and unpleasantly forceful way, especially in order to get them to act or think as you want them to 威吓
vi. 威吓；愚弄
 - make a fool of, make a mockery of
n. 虚张声势的人；威吓者；恃强凌弱的人
 - fourflusher, intimidator
vt. 威吓；欺凌
 - ride roughshod over, bullyrag

Word: homage
Front: homage
[ˈhɒmɪdʒ] (托宝 10023/8970 -1)
Vocabulary: homage
(once / 563 pages)
n
Homage means great respect and honor, or something done to honor a person or thing. We pay homage to our ancestors and say prayers in homage to their memory.
In Middle English, homage specifically referred to respect for and loyalty to a feudal lord. The word was borrowed from Old French, probably from omne, homme "man," from Latin homō. The noun suffix –age is used to mean "an action, process, result, or state."
WORD FAMILY
homage: homages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many of these buildings pay homage to the neighborhood’s industrial history.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Hip-hop songs pay homage to party history and warn of America’s efforts to topple the Chinese government.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Is there a nicer homage to our multiculturalism?
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 敬意; 效忠; 顺从
分布：敬意(81%)，效忠(19%)
→来自古法语homage,对领主的效忠，来自拉丁语homo,人，词源同human.原指中世纪时下属或封臣对领主的效忠仪式，即“我是你的人”，该词与fealty的区别在于，homage为对单一领主的效忠，而fealty可以是对不同领主的忠诚。
尊敬,崇敬(把别人当人看)[hom=man(人)]
【记】hom＝hum人，age年纪一人上了年纪－敬意到了管理home的age年龄，应该知道homage别人。
【参】homicide（n 杀人犯）
【反】disrespect（n 失礼；无礼）
US ['hɑ:.mɪdʒ] noun uncountable
■deep respect and often praise shown for a person or god 崇敬，敬意
• On this occasion we pay homage to him for his achievements. 在此我们谨就他取得的成就向他表示敬意。
n. 敬意；尊敬；效忠
 - respect, worship

Word: hyperactive
Front: hyperactive
[ˌhaɪpərˈæktɪv] (17525/22010 -1)
Vocabulary: hyperactive
(once / 18018 pages)
adj
Anything hyperactive is doing more than it should — a hyperactive child bounces off the walls, and a hyperactive gland secretes too much and makes you feel bad.
It's good to be active, but add hyper and it’s not so good anymore. Hyper comes from a Greek word for “too much.” If someone is hyperactive, she might have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). People who suffer from it are hyperactive and can’t concentrate. You could say they’re hyper, which is short for hyperactive, but that’s not very polite. Hyperactive glands produce too many hormones and throw the body out of whack. Hyperactive things need to settle down.
WORD FAMILY
hyperactive: hyperactively, hyperactivity+/ act: actable, acted, acting, action, active, actor, actress, acts, actuate, counteract, enact, interact, overact, underact/actable: unactable/acting: actings, self-acting/ action: actionable, actioned, actions, inaction/ activate: activated, activates, activating, activation, activator, deactivate, reactivate /activating: self-activating/ activation: activations/activator: activators/ active: activate, actively, activeness, activer, actives, activest, activity, hyperactive, inactive, overactive, underactive/ activity: activities/ actor: actors/actress: actresses/ actuate: actuated, actuates, actuating, actuation, actuator/actuator: actuators/counteract: counteracted, counteracting, counteraction, counteractive, counteracts/counteraction: counteractions/deactivate: deactivated, deactivates, deactivating, deactivation/ enact: enacted, enacting, enactment, enacts, reenact/enactment: enactments/inaction: inactions/inactivate: inactivated, inactivates, inactivating, inactivation/ inactive: inactivate, inactively, inactiveness, inactivity / inactivity: inactivities/ interact: interacted, interacting, interaction, interactive, interacts/ interaction: interactional, interactions/ interactive: interactively/overact: overacted, overacting, overacts/overacting: overactings/overactive: overactivity/ reactivate: reactivated, reactivates, reactivating/reenact: reenacted, reenacting, reenactment, reenacts/ reenactment: reenactments/underact: underacted, underacting, underacts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The performers set a pace that’s enthusiastic without being hyperactive, and their delight is infectious throughout the 100-minute running time, which includes one intermission.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Indeed, for Mr. Gray and his HyperActive cohort that night, each action was both a gesture and a statement.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
In times of crisis, most citizens won’t want a president with such a hyperactive amygdala.
Time(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 活动过度的; 极度活跃的
分布：极度活跃的(100%)
→hyper-,超过的，多的，active,积极的，主动的。比喻用法。
活动过度的(hyper+active活动的)[hyper-表示"超过,太多"]
US [-pɚ'æk.tˌɪv] adjective
■Someone who is hyperactive has more energy than is normal, gets excited easily and cannot stay still or think about their work 好动亢奋的；过度活跃的
• Hyperactive children often have poor concentration and require very little sleep. 好动的孩子注意力经常不够集中而且睡觉不足。
⇒ See also hyper

Word: henceforth
Front: henceforth
[ˌhensˈfɔ:θ] (研六雅 17401/11925 -1)
Back: adv. 从今以后，今后
分布：名词(100%)
→hence,由此，forth,向前。
ad.今后I promise never to lie henceforth.我发誓从今以后再也不说谎话.
US [-'fɔ:rθ] adverb (also henceforward) formal or legal
■starting from this time 从现在开始，从此以后
• Henceforth, the said building shall be the property of Brendan Duggan. 从现在开始，该大楼将是布伦丹‧达根的财产。
adv. 今后；自此以后
 - forwards, hereafter

Word: oasis
Front: oasis
[əʊˈeɪsɪs] (雅宝 10318/11579 -1)
Vocabulary: oasis
(once / 1944 pages)
n
As you walk through the desert of life, may you always find your oasis — a place where you can find safety and sustenance.
Although the literal meaning of oasis is a green spot in the desert, it can also be used to describe a peaceful area in our everyday lives. Perhaps your home is your oasis, where you can escape life's rigors. An oasis refers to a location, but it can also be an imagined place — as in an acting exercise where an actor builds an imaginary oasis in his or her mind. The actor can then remember the image to relax on stage.
WORD FAMILY
oasis: oases, oasises
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was an oasis of warmth within a freezing forest.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Altura, a little oasis on Seattle’s busy Broadway, is pretty exquisite.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
For others, the kitesurfing oasis is the best example of Morocco's efforts to develop the disputed territory.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. （沙漠中的）绿洲; （困苦中）令人快慰的地方（或时刻）; 乐土，宜人之地; 慰藉物
分布：绿洲(99%)，宜人之地(1%)
→来自希腊语oasis,沙漠绿洲，最终来自埃及语。
【记】o哦，as好像，is是：哦，好像是绿洲（一般在沙漠中见到绿洲都有一点儿不相信自己的眼睛，所以是“好像”）
US [oʊ-] (plural oases)
noun countable
■a place in a desert where there is water and therefore plants and trees and sometimes a village or town （沙漠中的）绿洲
only singular
■a calm, pleasant place in the middle of somewhere busy and unpleasant （繁忙、令人不适环境之中的）宁静宜人之地
• Her office was an oasis of peace and sanity amid the surrounding chaos. 在周围乱哄哄的环境中，她的办公室是一方宁静之地。
n. [地理] 绿洲；舒适的地方；令人宽慰的事物
 - wady

Word: notebook
Front: notebook
[ˈnəʊtbʊk] (中高研四六雅 4427/5410 -2)
Vocabulary: notebook
(once / 1706 pages)
1n 2n
A notebook is a blank book that you can write in. Students often carry notebooks, where they can take notes (and doodle).
The pages in a notebook are often lined, so that you can write neatly. You might keep one for writing to-do lists or thoughts (like a journal), or your notebooks might all be large binders full of class notes and math problems. Notebooks can be bound like books, or with a spiral metal or plastic binding, or consist of loose pages in a three-ring binder. Another, newer kind of notebook is a slim, lightweight laptop computer.
WORD FAMILY
notebook: notebooks
USAGE EXAMPLES
A three-ringed notebook contains page after page of tasks that Fischer does each morning to get Arianna ready for the day.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In between begging, Roughol sat in the local park jotting his recollections in notebooks, which he handed over to Debré to edit.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Teachers and students will be eligible to shop at the store, which will carry school supplies like pens and notebooks and other school-related gear.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 笔记簿; 笔记本电脑; 手册; 笔记本
分布：笔记本(81%)，笔记本电脑(19%)
n.笔记本In the hot hotel the devoted voter did not notice the noticeable notebook.在炎热的旅馆里,热心的投票者没有注意到显而易见的笔记本.
US ['noʊt-] noun countable
PAPER 纸
 ADVANCED
■a book of plain paper or paper with lines, for writing on 笔记本
• She was jotting things down in a little notebook. 她在一个小笔记本上匆匆记了些东西。
UK ['nəʊt.bʊk] US ['noʊt-] noun countable
COMPUTER (also notebook computer)
■a very small computer which you can carry easily 笔记本（型）电脑，手提电脑
⇒ See also laptop (computer);palmtop (computer)
n. 笔记本，笔记簿；手册
 - manual, jotter

Word: muzzle
Front: muzzle
[ˈmʌzl] (12452/16440 -1)
Vocabulary: muzzle
(once / 909 pages)
1nv 2n
A muzzle is a guard that covers an animal's mouth to keep it from biting. If your dog is aggressive, you might have to put a muzzle on her when you take her to the dog park.
Muzzle comes from the Latin morsus meaning "bite." A muzzle is the nose and mouth of an animal like a cat or dog. It's also the name for a guard made of straps or wire that's worn over this part of an animal's face to keep it from biting. It's the mouth of a gun, too. If you muzzle someone, you gag him to prevent him from speaking.
WORD FAMILY
muzzle: muzzled, muzzler, muzzles, muzzling, unmuzzle+/muzzler: muzzlers/unmuzzle: unmuzzled, unmuzzling
USAGE EXAMPLES
I pinched his muzzle with my right hand.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
The governor of Baghdad, Ali Tamimi, denounced what he described as a "barbaric" act that sought to "persecute and muzzle journalists".
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Scientists and climate activists are justified in being concerned about being muzzled under the next administration, Earnest added.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 枪口，炮口; （防止动物咬人的）口套; （四足动物的）鼻口部; （狗）等凸出的鼻子和口
vt. 给（狗等）戴口套; 使缄默，钳制…言论; 封锁…的言论; 〈美俚〉亲嘴
时态：muzzled, muzzling, muzzles
分布：枪口(69%)，口络(13%)，使缄默(10%)，动物之鼻口(6%)，戴口络于(2%)
→来自古法语musel,口鼻，猪鼻，狗鼻，可能来自拉丁语morsus,咬，词源同mordant,morsel.引申词义给狗，马等动物带的口套，以及枪口等。
noun countable
ANIMAL 动物
■the mouth and nose of an animal, especially a dog, or a covering put over this in order to prevent the animal from biting （动物的）口鼻；（尤指狗的）口套
['mʌz.l] noun countable
GUN 枪
■the end of a gun barrel , where the bullets come out 枪口；炮口
['mʌz.l] verb transitive
ANIMAL 动物
■to put a muzzle on an animal 为…戴上口套
• Dangerous dogs should be muzzled. 凶猛的狗应该戴上口套。
['mʌz.l] verb transitive
STOP OPINIONS 缄默
■to stop a person or organization from expressing independent opinions 使缄默；钳制…的言论
• The new Secrecy Act will muzzle the media and the opposition. 新的保密法将会压制媒体及反对派的声音。
n. 枪口，炮口；口套，口络；动物的鼻口
 - gunpoint

Word: plank
Front: plank
[plæŋk] (托雅宝 8053/7531 -1)
Back: n. （厚）木板; 支持物; 政纲条目
vt. 在…上铺板; 重重放下; 立即付款
时态：planked, planking, planks
分布：厚板(36%)，政纲条目(16%)，用力放下(16%)，支撑物(16%)，铺板(16%)
→来自拉丁语planca,宽木板，板条，来自plak,平的，来自pele,展开，放平，词源同plan,plain.
noun countable
FLAT PIECE 平板
■a long narrow flat piece of wood or similar material, of the type used for making floors 木板；板条
• oak/concrete planks 橡木／混凝土板
• a plank of wood 一块木板条
• We used a plank to cross the ditch. 我们利用一块跳板跨过了沟。
[plæŋk] noun countable
PRINCIPLE 原则 literary
■an important principle on which the activities of a group, especially a political group, are based （尤指政治组织的）政纲条款，政策准则
• Educational reform was one of the main planks of their election campaign. 教育改革是他们竞选活动的主要纲领之一。
• The party's policy is based on five central planks. 该党的政策基于五条中心政治纲领。
n. [木] 厚木板；支架；政纲条款
 - rest, supporting stand

Word: poignant
Front: poignant
[ˈpɔɪnjənt] (宝 9665/11541 -1)
Vocabulary: poignant
(once / 1160 pages)
adj
Something that is poignant touches you deeply. Watching a poignant YouTube video about baby penguins chasing their mothers, for example, might give you a lump in your throat.
Poignant comes from the Latin pungere "to prick," the same root as pungent. But something that's pungent pricks your sense of smell, whereas poignant refers to something that pricks your emotions, especially in a melancholy way. Movie critics might describe a touching portrayal as poignant if there isn't a dry eye in the house.
WORD FAMILY
poignant: poignance, poignancy, poignanter, poignantly+/ poignancy: poignancies
USAGE EXAMPLES
These observations are especially poignant considering Karen’s profession.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Such a poignant last sentiment was once unfathomable.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
This book is tragic, no question — but it’s also poignant, tender and funny.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 尖锐的; 辛酸的; 深刻的; （记忆）活鲜鲜的
分布：尖锐的(44%)，痛切的(21%)，剧烈的(13%)，浓烈的(10%)，悲伤的(7%)，严厉的(5%)
→来自古法语poignant,锋利的，尖锐的，来自拉丁语pungere,刺，词源同pugnacious,point.
【记】poign刺，ant－辛辣的po破，ig一个，n，ant蚂蚁：一个破蚂蚁，身上的味道臭，说话尖酸刻薄－（味觉、嗅觉、言语）刺激的，辛辣的
adjective
■causing or having a very sharp feeling of sadness 令人痛苦的，酸楚的；深深打动人的
• The photograph awakens poignant memories of happier days. 照片唤起了对美好时光的深情追忆。
• It is especially poignant that he died on the day before the wedding. 他在婚礼前一天去世了，这令人分外悲痛。
adj. 尖锐的；辛酸的；深刻的；切中要害的
 - sharpened, acerb

Word: scold
Front: scold
[skəʊld] (高研四六雅 10246/15769 -1)
Vocabulary: scold
(once / 597 pages)
vn
When you scold someone, you (often angrily) point out and criticize some fault or error. If you forget again to clean up your room, your mom might scold you for it.
Scold can also be used as a noun to describe a person who irritates people by finding fault in everything. Your great aunt Merna, who during the holidays complains about her gifts, criticizes your weight, says the turkey is too dry, and the stuffing is soggy? She's a scold. Maybe she's cranky. Which brings us to the other way we can use scold as a verb: to grumble, grouch, or generally express one's crankiness. This latter meaning has more to do with the attitude of the scolder than the faults of the one being scolded.
WORD FAMILY
scold: scolded, scolder, scolding, scolds+/scolder: scolders/scolding: scoldings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“In the managerial ideology,” Whyte writes, “it is not the leaders of industry that are idealized—if anything, they are scolded—but the lieutenants.”
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
You end up scolding her like you might an unruly child.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
That amounts to diplomatic scolding of Palestinian leaders, whom Israel accuses of encouraging attacks on Israeli civilians.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 责骂
vi. 责骂; 斥责
n. 常骂人的人
时态：scolded, scolding, scolds
分布：责骂(57%)，斥责(26%)，训斥(11%)，爱责骂的人(6%)
v.责骂,训斥Before the premier, the old soldier scolds the cold weather.老兵当着首相的面咒骂寒冷的天气.
US [skoʊld] old-fashioned
verb transitive
■to tell off someone because you disapprove of their behaviour 责骂，责备
• His mother scolded him for breaking her favourite vase. 母亲因为他打碎了她最心爱的花瓶而责骂他。
reproach, accuse, charge, rebuke, denounce, scold, condemn, blame
reproach: 侧重指因他人粗心、自私等引起不满而去指责、找岔。
accuse: 正式或非正式场合，私人或法律上均可用，被指控的情节可轻可重，常与of连用
charge: 常与accuse换用，但charge多指较严重的错误或罪行，而且往往向法庭提出正式起诉。与with连用
rebuke: 多指上级对下级进行的公开、强烈、严正而不宽容的责备。隐含一定权威的意味。
denounce: 与condemn同义，但着重公开性。
scold: 普通用词，多指上级对下级、长辈对后辈或雇主对雇员的态度粗暴、言词激烈的数落。
condemn: 正式用词，表示谴责，有较强的司法意味，侧重从道义或原则上的谴责。
blame: 普通用词，语气较弱，仅是一般的责难、归咎于，不含用语言责骂之意。
vi. 责骂；叱责
 - rate, hop on
vt. 骂；责骂
 - rate, hop on
n. 责骂；爱责骂的人
 - talking-to, opprobrium

Word: trinity
Front: trinity
[ˈtrɪnəti] (雅 22080/10076)
Vocabulary: trinity
(once / 16577 pages)
n
A trinity is a unit made up of three — like the famous Christian trinity of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
The prefix tri — which can also be found in triangle — is a clue that this word has to do with the number three. If three people are in charge of a project together, they could be considered a trinity, and a three-person band could be called a trinity.
WORD FAMILY
trinity: trinities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Instead, he’s concerned that she is a “trinity denying heretic” who allegedly doesn’t share the view of the divinity of Jesus that Erickson does.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
There are three tracks that are considered the holy trinity of bridge jumping: Charles Town and Mountaineer in West Virginia and Prairie Meadows in Iowa.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Part of the problem is our faith in the food trinity of meat, starch and vegetables.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. <正>三人小组; 三件一套; 三合一
分布：三一节(67%)，三个事物或三个人一组(33%)
→来自拉丁语 trinus,三倍，来自 tria,三，词源同 three.-ity,名词后缀。后用于指基督教的三位一 体。
['trɪn.ɪ.ti] literary
noun countable usually singular
■a group of three things or people 三件套；三人一组；三合一
• British culture now appears to revolve around the unholy trinity of sport, shopping and sex. 英国文化现在似乎是以体育、购物和性这三样世俗活动为中心。
• Above all Amenabar worships the trinity of Hitchcock, Kubrick and Spielberg. 阿梅纳瓦尔尤其崇拜希区柯克、库布里克和斯皮尔伯格这三位。
n. 三位一体；三人一组；三个一组的东西；三倍
 - triangle, triunity

Word: thou
Front: thou
[ðaʊ] (8663/4603 -1)
Vocabulary: thou
(once / 7 pages)
n
The word thou, used in place of "you," is not used much in modern language. In fact, with its Biblical feeling, it’s most often used in religious contexts. Otherwise, it might be used as slang for thousand.
Anyone familiar with the Bible knows the word thou means "you." As the word worked its way from Old English, it varied a little in its subtext, from a plural referring to higher-ups, then to equals, and, around 1450, as a slightly insulting reference suggesting inferiority. Today, it's used primarily by specific religious groups, or as a somewhat affected, archaic word in poetry. As a side note, if someone asks you for a thou, they mean a thousand dollars.
WORD FAMILY
thou: thee, thine, thous, thy, ye
USAGE EXAMPLES
She should’ve followed the old saying: To thine own self be true.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Or he might announce the simple act of opening a letter as “Wax! render up thy trust.”
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
“O Lord, our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth!”
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: pron. 你（古时候的叫法）
分布：汝(53%)，尔(47%)
→来自 you 的古体用法或诗意用法，来自古英语 thu,你，来自 Proto-Germanic*tu,你，来自 tu, 第二人称单数人称代词，你，词源同 thee,thine,thy.后由 you 所取代。
pronoun]Daʊ/ old use
■you; used when speaking to one person 汝，尔，你
noun countable /ɵaʊ/
(plural thou) informal for
■thousand, especially when referring to an amount of money （尤指钱数）一千
• "How much do you reckon it cost him?" "About thirty thou." “你估计这个东西花了他多少钱？”“大约三万。”

Word: stricture
Front: stricture
[ˈstrɪktʃə(r)] (宝 18158/10606)
Vocabulary: stricture
(once / 4451 pages)
1n 2n
One meaning of stricture is a nasty criticism, while the other is a sharp contraction of a tube or canal in the body. Either meaning can mean great pain to the person experiencing the stricture.
The noun stricture finds its roots in the Late Latin word strictūra, which came from the stem stringere, "to draw tightly." You might remember that meaning by its relationship with the word constrict, meaning "to tighten or draw in." The additional meaning, that of “a critical remark,” is often used in the plural form — like "the critical strictures against cheating."
WORD FAMILY
stricture: strictures
USAGE EXAMPLES
When the band started, the xx imposed its own strictures.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Online strictures in a game should flow from its design.
Time(Dec 15, 2016)
Afterward, I realized how hard it is, within the cramped, taboo-ridden strictures that govern mainstream discussion of Israel, to talk about what’s happening in Hebron.
Slate(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 苛评; 指责; 紧束; 约束
分布：非难(46%)，限制(36%)，苛评(18%)
→来自拉丁语 strictus,紧的，拉紧的，过去分词格于 stringere,拉紧，绑紧，收缩，来自 streng, 紧的，窄的，词源同 strain,stress,stringent.引申词义限制，束缚。stricture 指责，非难
谴责;非难(stict严厉+ure→严厉→谴责)[stirain,striet,string=tighten,表示"拉紧"]
【记】源于：strict（adj 严格的；严厉的）
【反】eulogy（n 赞词）
US [-tʃɚ] formal
noun countable
CRITICISM 批评
■a statement of severe criticism or disapproval 指责，非难
• The strictures of the United Nations have failed to have any effect on the warring factions. 联合国的谴责对交战各方毫无影响。
UK ['strɪk.tʃər] US [-tʃɚ] formal
noun countable
LIMIT 限制
■a severe moral or physical limit 限制；约束；束缚
• religious/financial strictures 宗教上的束缚／财政上的限制
• the Taliban's strictures on women's rights and education 塔利班对女性权利和接受教育的限制
n. [病理] 狭窄；苛评；非难
 - stenosis, angusty

Word: tile
Front: tile
[taɪl] (研六托雅 4880/4378 -2)
Back: n. 瓦片，瓷砖; 空心砖; 麻将牌
vt. 用瓦片、瓷砖等覆盖
时态：tiled, tiling, tiles
分布：瓷砖(76%)，瓦片(18%)，铺瓷砖(5%)，盖瓦(1%)
→来自（缩写自）拉丁语 tegula,瓦，来自 tegere,遮盖，覆盖，词源同 tegular,deck,protect.拼写 比较 regulate,rule.
n.瓦片,瓷砖vt.铺瓦于,贴砖于The reconciled reptiles rest on a fragile tile.和解的爬行动物歇在易碎的瓷砖上.
noun countable
■a thin, usually square or rectangular, piece of baked clay, plastic, etc. used for covering roofs, floors, walls, etc. 瓦片；瓷砖
• roof tiles 屋面瓦
• floor tiles 地砖
• ceramic tiles 瓷砖
• carpet tiles 地毯片
[taɪl] noun countable
be/go out on the tiles UK informal
■to enjoy yourself at night by going out to nightclubs , parties or bars （夜晚）去娱乐场所消遣
• I was out on the tiles last night and I've got such a headache this morning. 昨晚我出去玩了个痛快，可今早头痛得要命。
[taɪl] verb transitive
■to cover a wall or floor with tiles 给…铺瓦；给…贴瓷砖
• We're going to tile the bathroom. 我们要给浴室贴瓷砖。
n. [建] 瓷砖，瓦片
 - glazed brick

Word: wager
Front: wager
[ˈweɪdʒə(r)] (雅 16279/21950 -1)
Vocabulary: wager
(once / 1042 pages)
nv
To wager is to bet: you might say to your fellow train passengers, "I'll wager ten dollars that we won't get to Chicago on time."
You can use the word wager as either a noun or a verb, to mean "place a bet" or "the amount of money being risked in a bet." So you could offer a wager at the poker table, or ask if anyone wants to wager on Monday's football game. Either way you use it, wager is a Middle English word that comes from the Old North French wage, "to pledge."
WORD FAMILY
wager: wagered, wagerer, wagering, wagers+/wagerer: wagerers
USAGE EXAMPLES
All they really want, he adds, is a slice of the estimated $95 billion in annual money wagered mostly illegally on sports in this country.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
And unlike Ford, they are largely wagering with other people’s money.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Therein lies the magic and mystery of one of the most misunderstood wagers: the show bet.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 赌金，赌注; 赌物; 赌博
vt. & vi. 打赌; 担保，保证
vt. 保证，担保; 下赌注
时态：wagered, wagering, wagers
分布：赌注(46%)，打赌(43%)，押注(11%)
→来自wage, 承诺，保证，引申义打赌，愿赌服输。
US [-dʒɚ] noun countable
■an amount of money that you risk in the hope of winning more, by trying to guess something uncertain, or the agreement that you make to take this risk; a bet 赌注；打赌
• She put a cash wager of £50 on the biggest horse race of the year. 她在本年度最大的赛马会上下了50英镑钞票的赌注。
• He tried to eat 50 hard-boiled eggs, for a wager. 他为了打赌试图吃下50个全熟的水煮蛋。
UK ['weɪ.dʒər] US [-dʒɚ] verb
intransitive or transitive
■to risk money by guessing the result of something 赌注；打赌
• [+ two objects] [+ (that)] I'll wager you £5 that they'll get there first. 我押五英镑跟你打赌他们会第一个到那里。
intransitive old-fashioned
■used to say that you are certain that something is true or will happen in the future 打包票；敢打赌
• [+ (that)] I'd wager (that) she's interested in you. 我敢肯定她对你感兴趣。
n. 赌注；赌博；赌物
 - stake, bet
vi. 打赌
 - lay, stake, make a bet
vt. 下赌注
 - back, ante

Word: bandwagon
Front: bandwagon
[ˈbændwægən] (14374/14584 -1)
Vocabulary: bandwagon
(once / 12024 pages)
1n 2n
A bandwagon is a trend that is so cool everyone wants to get in on it. If you start wearing a flowerpot on your head because everyone else is, you’ve jumped on a strange fashion bandwagon.
Originally, a bandwagon was a large wagon that did indeed carry a band. Now it’s an idea — people jump on the bandwagon when they hop on a trend. This word can be negative because it’s what people do only because it’s trendy. Longtime fans of the Boston Red Sox may resent new fans who like the team because it's become the "in thing" to do; the old fans would accuse them of jumping on the bandwagon.
WORD FAMILY
bandwagon: bandwagons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Burger King recently jumped on the bandwagon by introducing its “SufganiKing” - a standard Whopper stuffed between two doughnuts.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Burger King recently jumped on the bandwagon by introducing its “SufganiKing” — a standard Whopper stuffed between two doughnuts.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The establishment Republicans who’ve joined the bandwagon demanding inquiries into Russian interference apparently prefer that, too.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 时尚，浪潮; [音乐]乐队彩车; [非正式用语] 引导车; [非正式用语]潮流
分布：浪潮(40%)，流行(33%)，乐队花车(19%)，宣传车(8%)
→band, 乐队。wagon, 马车。指19世纪流动的音乐家或演艺团队各地巡演，通常引起轰动。
noun countable usually singular
■an activity, group, movement, etc. that has become successful or fashionable and so attracts many new people 流行，浪潮，时尚
• a bandwagon effect 羊群效应
['bændˌwæg.ən] noun countable usually singular
jump/climb/get on the bandwagon ADVANCED
■to become involved in an activity which is successful so that you can get the advantages of it yourself 顺应潮流；跟风；随波逐浪
• The success of the product led many firms to try to jump on the bandwagon. 这种产品的成功导致很多企业一窝蜂跟进。
n. 流行，时尚；乐队花车
 - mode, fashion, popularity, style, prevalence

Word: avail
Front: avail
[əˈveɪl] (研六雅 14262/13705 -1)
Vocabulary: avail
(once / 92 pages)
vn
To avail means to take advantage of an opportunity, the way you'd be crazy not to avail yourself of a chocolate milkshake on Free Milkshake Day at your local ice cream parlor.
Sometimes avail is used to mean "help," and in that case it can be used in a sentence like "Nothing seemed to avail me, not even winning the lottery." More often though, avail shows up in the company of "oneself of," as in the sentence, "I hope you avail yourself of my advice, because I'm very wise." It might seem like a complicated way to use a verb, but it's one you should avail yourself of if you're hoping to impress someone.
WORD FAMILY
avail: available, availed, availing, avails+/ availability: availabilities/ available: availability, availableness, availably, unavailable /availing: unavailing/ unavailable: unavailability/unavailing: unavailingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The anecdote sparked a brief media frenzy as gossip writers and others sought to track down Sasha's Snapchat account, but to no avail.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
White called it a “one off” situation, and said that after the bout he expected Rousey to avail herself to the media.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Decades ago, the EU was already seeking to coordinate defense industries, to little avail.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 效用，利益
vt. & vi. 有益于，有益于; 使对某人有利
时态：availed, availing, avails
分布：有利(43%)，有助于(38%)，益处(19%)
→前缀a-同ad-, 去，往. 词根val, 力量，词源同value, valiant. 指有益的，有力量的。
利用n.利益(a使+ail→使...强壮→利用[力量])[vail,val=strong,表示"强壮"]
n.[一般用于否定句或疑问句中]效用,利益Jail life made the frail retailer avail every snail in the pail.监狱生命使脆弱的零售商在桶里有益于每只蜗牛.
noun uncountable
■use, purpose, advantage, or profit 效用；帮助；利益
• We tried to persuade her not to resign, but to no avail (= did not succeed). 我们力劝她不要辞职，可她不听。
• My attempts to improve the situation were of little/no avail. 我竭力扭转局面，但是收效甚微／徒劳无功。
[ə'veɪl] verb transitive old use
■to help or be useful to someone or something （对某人或某物）有帮助；有用
• Our efforts availed us nothing (= did not help). 我们的努力全是白费。
[ə'veɪl] verb transitive old use
  Phrasal Verbs  [R] avail yourself of sth formal
■to use something to your advantage or good 利用
• Employees should avail themselves of the opportunity to buy cheap shares in the company. 雇员应利用这次机会低价认购公司股份。
apply, use, avail, utilize, exploit, employ
这组词都有“使用，应用”的意思，其区别是：
apply: 指将一事物运用于另一事物之上以发挥其有效作用。
use: 普通用词，着重为达到某一目的而利用某人或某物。
avail: 通常指使用手边或就近的人或物以有利于自己。
utilize: 侧重有利可图或能达到某一实际目的。书面用词。
exploit: 强调充分利用。
employ: 指使用处于消极状态或未被用过的人或物，可以与use换用，但强调进行选择、充分利用。
profit, benefit, avail
这组词都有“有益于，有益”的意思，其区别是：
profit: 着重于物质方面的受益，常用于财富或知识等方面的得益。
benefit: 通常既可指个人情况(如身体、智力或精神状态等)的好转或改善，又可指对实现某个目标等带来的好处。
avail: 较文雅，常见于历史小说、演说或讲道中，较少用于日常话语，侧重功效或效力。
vi. 有用，有利
 - be of help, have it
vt. 有利，有用
 - have it, to advantage
n. 效用，利益
 - behalf, utility, benefit, sake, profit

Word: yew
Front: yew
[ju:] (22979/12596 -1)
Vocabulary: yew
(once / 2490 pages)
n
Use the noun yew when you're talking about the medium-sized evergreen that has flat needles and small red berries.
This ancient and durable tree confirms the theory that the longer you hang around English, the more homophones — words that sound the same though they're spelled differently — you'll pick up. There are several of these in the case of yew. Curious thing is, all four words in English with this pronunciation (yew, ewe, you, and u) appeared before the 12th century. Guess we just like to make the sound.
WORD FAMILY
yew: yews
USAGE EXAMPLES
Game Commission wildlife veterinarian Justin Brown says he’s not aware of another case of black bear deaths from yew poisoning.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Game Commission veterinarian Justin Brown says he’s not aware of another case of black bear deaths from yew poisoning.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Also, keep small children away from poisonous seasonal plants like mistletoe, holly berries, yew plants and poinsettias.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 紫杉; 紫杉木
分布：紫杉(70%)，紫杉木(30%)
→来自古英语iw,来自ei,红色，棕色，词源同elm,elk。用来指紫杉。
noun countable or uncountable
■an evergreen (= never losing its leaves) tree with flat leaves like needles and small red cones , or the wood from this tree 紫杉；紫杉木
• a yew tree 紫杉树
• a bowl made from yew 紫杉木制成的碗
n. [林] 紫杉； [木] 紫杉木
 - taxus

Word: unconvince

Word: centenary
Front: centenary
[senˈti:nəri] (雅 23708/9124 -1)
Back: n. 一百周年纪念; 百年间; 一世纪
adj. 一百周年纪念的; 一百年的; 一世纪的
分布：一百年(62%)，一百年的(38%)
US [-'ten.ɚ-] (US usually centennial)
noun countable
■(the day or year that is) 100 years after an important event; the 100th anniversary 一百周年纪念
• centenary celebrations 百年庆典
• Next year is the centenary of her death. 明年是她逝世100周年。
⇒ See also bicentenary;tercentenary

Word: concur
Front: concur
[kənˈkɜ:(r)] (托宝 9171/14111 -1)
Vocabulary: concur
(once / 633 pages)
v
To concur is to agree or approve of something. If someone says something you agree with, you can say "I concur!"
Like many words with con, concur has to do with agreement and being together. When you concur, you agree with someone about something or let them know you approve. "I concur" is a formal (and sometimes humorous) way of saying "I agree!" or "I hear that!" Also, two events that happen at the same time can be said to concur. People are happy when good things concur, like when a birthday and nice weather happen at the same time.
WORD FAMILY
concur: concuring, concurred, concurrence, concurrent, concurring, concurs+/ concurrence: concurrences/concurrency: concurrencies/ concurrent: concurrency, concurrently
USAGE EXAMPLES
The scientific literature concurs with the anecdotal evidence I collected.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Even so, both parties concurred on one point: American support for Israel was crucial for advancing the cause of peace.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Not everyone in the courtroom seemed to concur.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 同意; 互助; 同时发生; 共同作用
时态：concurred, concurring, concurs
分布：同时发生(72%)，意见相同(28%)
→con-, 强调。-cur, 跑，词源同currency, course. 即跑到一起，同意。
同时发生(con共同+cur→共同跑→同时发生)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
US [-'kɝ:] (-rr-) formal
verb intransitive
■to agree with someone or have the same opinion as someone else 同意，赞成；意见一致
• The new report concurs with previous findings. 新报告与先前的调查结果一致。
• [+ that] The board concurred that the editor should have full control over editorial matters. 董事会赞同主编应该对编辑事务全权负责。
• [+ speech] "I think you're absolutely right, " concurred Chris. “我认为你完全正确。”克里斯赞同道。
■If two or more events concur, they happen at the same time. 同时发生
vi. 同意；一致；互助
 - accept, grant, identify, square

Word: coil
Front: coil
[kɔɪl] (研四六托雅 9217/7984)
Vocabulary: coil
(once / 324 pages)
nv
A coil is a spiral shape or a series of circles, each one inside another. You might see a coil of rope on a dock or coils of hair in a fancy hairdo.
A snake naturally curls its body into a coil, and the end of a whip after it's been cracked tends to form a coil. To move in this way is also to coil, as when your cat coils around your leg or you coil a necklace around your finger. This verb form is the earliest meaning of coil, from the Middle French coillir, "to gather," with the Latin root colligere, "to gather together."
WORD FAMILY
coil: coiled, coiling, coils, recoil, uncoil+/ recoil: recoiled, recoiling, recoilless, recoils/uncoil: uncoiled, uncoiling, uncoils
USAGE EXAMPLES
The majority of the issues that shuffled off their mortal coil were some combination of uninspired, unloved, unlucky and unfortunate, and deserved their fate.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The local artist began by twisting these coils and coloring them black with a mix of ink and glue.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
"A coiled spring of money flow may need to shift back over to biotech."
Reuters(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. （一）卷，（一）盘; 盘卷之物; 线圈; 纷乱，纠缠不清
vt. 盘绕; 卷成一圈
vi. 绕成盘状; 卷绕成圈
时态：coiled, coiling, coils
分布：圈(46%)，线圈(40%)，卷(11%)，盘绕(2%)，卷成圈(1%)
→缩写自拉丁词colligere, 收集，词源同collect.
v.卷,盘绕n.(一)卷,(一)圈;线圈,绕组Boil the oil soiled by the coil in the toilet lest it spoil.把被盥洗室里的线圈弄脏的油煮开,免得它变质.
verb intransitive or transitive
■to arrange something in a coil 盘绕，卷成卷状
• She coiled her hair into a neat bun on top of her head. 她把头发在头顶挽成一个俐落的发髻。
• [R] The snake coiled itself tightly around the deer. 蛇紧紧地把鹿缠住。
[kɔɪl] noun countable
CIRCLE 圆圈
■a length of rope, hair or wire, arranged into a series of circles, one above the other （绳索、头发或电线的）卷，圈，盘
• A coil of rope lay on the beach. 海滩上放着一圈绳子。
• figurative A coil of thick blue smoke rose up from his pipe. 一圈蓝色的浓烟从他的烟斗里冒了出来。
■specialized
■a twisted length of wire through which an electric current travels （电）线圈
[kɔɪl] noun countable
MEDICAL 医学的 UK informal
■an IUD (= a medical device to stop a woman becoming pregnant) 子宫环
vt. 盘绕，把…卷成圈
 - entwine
n. [电] 线圈；卷
 - book, volume, roll, winding
vi. 成圈状
 - wreathe

Word: crocodile
Front: crocodile
[ˈkrɒkədaɪl] (雅 10171/9844 -1)
Back: n. 鳄鱼; 鳄鱼皮革; 鳄类动物
分布：鳄鱼(100%)
→来自希腊文kroke, 鹅卵石，词源同sugar, 石粒，糖粒，drilos, 虫。
US ['krɑ:.kə-] (plural crocodiles or crocodile)
noun countable
ANIMAL 动物
 ADVANCED (informal croc)
■a large reptile with a hard skin that lives in and near rivers and lakes in the hot wet parts of the world. It is like an alligator , but it usually has a longer and narrower nose 鳄鱼
• a crocodile-infested swamp 鳄鱼出没的沼泽
UK ['krɒk.ə.daɪl] US ['krɑ:.kə-] (plural crocodiles or crocodile)
noun countable
LINE 行列 UK informal
■a line of people, especially children, who are walking in pairs 两人一排成纵队行走的人（尤指儿童）
n. 鳄鱼
 - cayman, caiman

Word: decommission
Front: decommission
[ˌdi:kəˈmɪʃn] (28755/38004)
Back: vt. 使退役
时态：decommissioned, decommissioning, decommissions
→de-, 不，非，使相反。commission, 使命，任务。即停止任务，停止使用。
verb transitive
■to take equipment or weapons out of use 关闭，停止使用（设备或武器）
• The government has decided to decommission two battleships. 政府决定让两艘军舰退役。
• It would cost $300 million to decommission the nuclear installation. 关闭这个核设施需耗费三亿美元。

Word: enterprising
Front: enterprising
[ˈentəpraɪzɪŋ] (托 16208/11246)
Vocabulary: enterprising
(once / 1347 pages)
adj
If you are enterprising, you are creative and show initiative. Were you the kid who bought candy before school and sold it during school at a profit? If so, you were an enterprising little one.
Though it has the word, enterprise, in it and is often used to describe people who set up businesses to fill a need, enterprising can be used for any kind of display of creative initiative. Kids who decide on their own to build a skate park are enterprising, as is a dance company that is able to perform a piece on a shoestring budget.
WORD FAMILY
enterprising: enterprisingly, enterprisingness, nonenterprising, unenterprising+/ enterprise: enterpriser, enterprises, enterprising /enterpriser: enterprisers
USAGE EXAMPLES
They were disciplined and obdurate in defence, confident in midfield and, when possible, enterprising in attack.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Police in Orange County are looking for an enterprising arsonist who is stealing firefighters’ food money, authorities said Friday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
But since the match is at The Hawthorns Pulis is likely to be more enterprising than that.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 有事业心的; 有进取心的; 有魄力的; 大胆的
分布：有进取心的(42%)，有事业心的(38%)，有魄力的(20%)
→来自enterprise, 冒险，进取。
有事业心的(enterprise+ing)[pris=take表示"拿住,抓住"]
US [-tˌɚ-] adjective
■good at thinking of and doing new and difficult things, especially things that will make money 有开创能力的，富于创业精神的，有进取心的，有魄力的
• The business was started by a couple of enterprising young women. 这间公司是由几位富有创业精神的年轻女性创办的。
• That was very enterprising of you, Vijay! 你太有魄力了，维贾伊！
adj. 有事业心的；有进取心的；有魄力的；有胆量的
 - aggressive, courageous

Word: fete
Front: fete
[feɪt] (托 23490/19586 -1)
Vocabulary: fete
(once / 2748 pages)
nv
A fête is a party, often one thrown in someone's honor. You'll find fête used as both a verb and a noun. If you want to fête someone, throw them a fête.
Fête is a word taken directly from French. In fact, sometimes in English you'll see a circumflex accent over the first "e" in fête. This makes it especially easy to remember, because this accent looks almost like a party hat.
WORD FAMILY
fete: feted, fetes, feting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Very often it is, but whether they are feting a birthday, an anniversary, impending nuptials or a new job, people dress up to dine here.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Prior to tipoff against Salem International, the Bearcats feted Barty with a signed team basketball and honored him during a short ceremony.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Feted as a revolutionary hero and demonised as an enemy of the free world, Fidel Castro also played an unexpected role in global literature.
The Guardian(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 游乐会，游园会; 盛大节日，庆祝; 盛宴
vt. 宴请（某人），款待; 向…致敬
时态：feted, feting, fetes
分布：游园会(27%)，庆祝(25%)，节日(18%)，招待(16%)，宴请(14%)
→来自feast的法语拼写变体。
n. 祭祀；庆祝；节日；游乐会
 - festival, holiday, celebration
vt. 宴请；招待
 - serve, invite, attend, guest

Word: eminence
Front: eminence
[ˈemɪnəns] (托宝 20054/18943 -1)
Vocabulary: eminence
(once / 689 pages)
n
Eminence is superior status. If you become a world famous actor, the folks in your home town might treat you as an eminence when you come home for Thanksgiving. Just don't expect your family to do the same.
Eminence traces back to the Latin adjective ēminēntia, meaning high or lofty. We don't usually use it for mountain tops, however; it's social loftiness that scores eminence. Some special people are addressed as "your eminence," in the same way you'd call a judge "your honor." You can attain eminence or be an eminence. If you become a physical therapist, you might work with another kind of eminence: the high bit protruding from a bone where muscles or ligaments attach.
WORD FAMILY
eminence: eminences+/ eminent: eminence, eminenter, eminentest, eminently, preeminent /eminently: pre-eminently/ preeminence: preeminences/ preeminent: preeminence, preeminently
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Tuesday morning, Kanye West became the latest eminence to cross the marble floors of the Trump Tower lobby.
Slate(Dec 14, 2016)
Birman used his travels and eminence to challenge the heads of Soviet research institutions on behalf of scientists caught in this plight.
Nature(Nov 15, 2016)
Her American Songbook standards album, Cheek to Cheek, matched her with the octogenarian eminence Tony Bennett.
Slate(Oct 24, 2016)
Back: n. 显赫，卓越; 身份显赫的人; 高地
分布：显赫(51%)，高处(29%)，崇高(20%)
→e-, 向外。-min, 突出，词源同mountain, prominent.
杰出,著名(伸出的状态→著名)[min=project,表示"伸出,突出"]
【记】e出，min凸出－显得凸出－显赫
【参】eminent（adj 显赫的；杰出的）；imminent（adj 即将来临的）prominent（adj 卓越的；显著的；突出的）
【反】eminent－undistinguished（adj 平凡的）/ ignoble（adj 不光彩的）
noun uncountable
■the state of being famous, respected or important 显赫；卓越；著名
• his eminence as a film director 他作为电影导演获得的赫赫声名
significance, dominance, eminence
significance: 重要性，意义，显著性
dominance: 主导，统治
eminence: 显赫，名望
n. 显赫；卓越；高处
 - splendour, predominance

Word: glucose
Front: glucose
[ˈglu:kəʊs] (宝 11666/8317 -1)
Vocabulary: glucose
(once / 6297 pages)
n
Glucose is simple sugar. It's all kinds of sugar, and it's in your blood, and your body needs it for energy. Most Americans sadly consume far more glucose than necessary, and have enlarged gluteus maximus muscles to show for it.
The word glucose is based on an ancient Greek word gleukos which meant "sweet delightful wine." When you're popping one glucose-laden Girl Scout Cookie after another into your mouth, you certainly do feel that delight. You'll probably see the word glucose plenty in biochemistry textbooks. Glucose needs to be in your blood, and a healthy balance of it in your body is indeed as delightful as wine to those ancient Greeks.
WORD FAMILY
glucose: glucoses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We think these channels work better when the brain is using ketones instead of glucose for energy.”
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Many older people don’t need to be sent to a doctor for the test; past blood work probably already includes blood glucose results.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
People with pre-diabetes improved their blood glucose levels with vinegar by nearly half, while people with diabetes cut their blood glucose concentrations by 25%.
Time(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. [化]葡萄糖，右旋糖
分布：葡萄糖(100%)
→来自dlk, 甜的，词源同dulcet,billet-doux(情书)。用做生物学术语。
【记】源自希腊语gleukos甜酒－葡萄糖glu＝glue胶水，cose读：酷似：胶水酷似葡萄糖
US [-koʊs] noun uncountable
■a type of sugar which is found in plants, especially fruit, and which supplies an important part of the energy animals need （植物、尤指水果中的）葡萄糖
n. [有化] 葡萄糖；葡糖（等于dextrose）
 - D-glucose, grape sugar

Word: lancet
Front: lancet
[ˈlɑ:nsɪt] (宝 33480/16514)
Vocabulary: lancet
(once / 3162 pages)
n
The noun lancet describes a small, double-edged surgical knife used to make incisions.
A lancer is a soldier bearing a long spear, called a lance, while a lancet is like a tiny spear — sharp on two sides and meant to pierce things. And though a soldier could wield a lancet, it's more likely to be used by a surgeon. A lancet arch is an architectural term used to describe an arch that peaks at the top. Most buildings with lancet arches are not places where you’d use a lancet, though.
WORD FAMILY
lancet: lancets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Writing in the Lancet medical journal, the scientists say it was not easy.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
A third map, published in The Lancet 14 January, seals the deal that southern Florida is prime Zika real estate.
Science Magazine(Dec 15, 2016)
But one significant difference leads some high-JIF journals, such as Nature, Science and The Lancet, to do worse in CiteScore.
Nature(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 柳叶刀; 刺血针; 口针
分布：名词(100%)
→lance,长矛，-et,小词后缀。用来指小刀，医生用的柳叶刀。
【记】读：烂撕他－能把他撕烂的刀－手术刀
US ['lænt-] noun countable
■a small knife with two cutting edges and a sharp point that a doctor uses when cutting the skin （医生用的）柳叶刀，小刀
n. 小刀， [外科] 柳叶刀； [建] 尖顶窗；小枪
 - penknife

Word: mantle
Front: mantle
[ˈmæntl] (托雅宝 9827/7950 -1)
Vocabulary: mantle
(once / 797 pages)
nv
A mantle is a word for something that blankets over something else, like the loose cloak worn by Little Red Riding Hood or the layer of earth between the crust and core.
Mantle is something that envelops and covers, like a tree covered in a mantle of snow. The Spanish writer Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra said, “Blessings on him who invented sleep, the mantle that covers all human thoughts.” Here, sleep is described as a mantle blanketing over the mind. Mantel is a variation of mantle, but it very specifically describes the shelf above a fireplace.
WORD FAMILY
mantle: mantled, mantles, mantling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Donning the mantle of economic optimist is a time-honored tradition for presidents, who are seen as perhaps the most singularly influential person over the economy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
That would bolster his narrative of Russia regaining its mantle as a world power and serious Middle East player.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Mr. Baghdadi’s warning suggested that he feared military defeat would drain the group’s global cachet, leaving Al Qaeda to inherit the jihadist mantle.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 覆盖物; 幕; 披风; 斗篷
vt. &vi. 覆盖
时态：mantled, mantling, mantles
分布：覆盖(38%)，斗篷(30%)，覆盖物(21%)，笼罩(5%)，脸红(3%)，墙的外皮(3%)
→来自拉丁语mantum,披风，斗篷，-le,小词后缀。最终可能来自凯尔特语。引申词义责任，衣钵。
【记】读：man头，能露出男人头的东西－披风
US [-tˌl] noun
RESPONSIBILITY 责任
only singular formal
■the responsibilities of an important position or job, especially as given from the person who had the job to the person who replaces them （尤指前任留给继任者的）责任，衣钵
• She unsuccessfully attempted to assume the mantle of presidency. 她想接任总统，但未成功。
• He has been asked to take on the mantle of managing director in the New York office. 他获邀请出任纽约办事处总经理一职。
UK ['mæn.tl] US [-tˌl] noun
LAYER 层
countable literary
■a layer of something which covers a surface 覆盖层
• A thick mantle of snow lay on the ground. 地上积着一层厚厚的雪。
• We watched the building vanish under a mantle of thick grey smoke as the fire swiftly moved through it. 大火在楼内迅速蔓延，我们看到大楼被灰色的浓烟吞噬。
countable specialized
■the part of the Earth that surrounds the central core 地幔
countable
■in the past, a piece of clothing without sleeves which was worn over other clothes （旧时的）披风，斗篷
n. 地幔； [服装] 斗篷；覆盖物
 - covering, pella
vi. 覆盖；脸红
 - cover with, write over
vt. 覆盖
 - invest, house, sheet, roof, cap

Word: paragraph
Front: paragraph
[ˈpærəgrɑ:f] (高研四六 5897/2495 -2)
Vocabulary: paragraph
(once / 399 pages)
nv
A full page of text with no visible breaks is hard to read. That’s why you break your ideas up into groups of sentences, called paragraphs. Each paragraph contains logically connected sentences about one main idea.
If your teacher asks you to write a paragraph on learning vocabulary words, you will write several sentences that describe how to learn vocabulary. Each sentence will add to the topic and will connect one to the other. The length of a paragraph will vary. Your teacher might require just three or four sentences to accurately describe vocabulary learning. Unless he’s a fan of James Joyce. Then your paragraph might need to extend for pages and pages.
WORD FAMILY
paragraph: paragraphed, paragrapher, paragraphing, paragraphs+/paragrapher: paragraphers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Williams would send him back multiple paragraphs, dense with technical insight and coaching lingo.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The backs of each page contain several paragraphs of Kirzinger’s research, archival photos of agency personnel and other documents.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Let me read you the lead paragraph from a New York Times story dated December 23rd.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 段落; 分段符号
vt. 将…分段; 写短文报导
时态：paragraphed, paragraphing, paragraphs
分布：段落(88%)，节(8%)，写短评(2%)，将 ... 分段(1%)，写短评报道(1%)
→para-,在旁，在周围，-graph,写。即在旁边写的，写在旁边的，引申词义分段符号，段落。
n.段,节;小新闻,短评The photographer put the graph in the paragraph on geographical geometry.摄影师将图表插到论述地理几何学的段落.
US ['per.ə.græf] (written abbreviation para)
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a short part of a text, consisting of at least one sentence and beginning on a new line. It usually deals with a single event, description, idea, etc. （文章的）段，段落

Word: mouthpiece
Front: mouthpiece
[ˈmaʊθpi:s] (13890/14317 -1)
Back: n. 喉舌; 乐器的吹口; 电话话筒; 代言人
分布：名词(100%)
→比喻用法。
noun countable
PIECE Of EQUIPMENT 配备
■the part of a telephone, musical instrument or other device that goes near or between the lips （电话的）送话口，话筒；（乐器的）吹口
• To play the recorder, blow gently into the mouthpiece. 演奏直笛时，要含住吹口缓缓吹气。
['maʊθ.pi:s] noun countable
PERSON OR NEWSPAPER 人／报纸 disapproving
■a person or a newspaper that only expresses the opinions of one particular organization 传声筒；代言人；喉舌
• This newspaper is just a Republican mouthpiece. 这家报纸只不过是共和党的喉舌。
n. 喉舌；代言人；送话口
 - spokesman, prolocutor

Word: seductive
Front: seductive
[sɪˈdʌktɪv] (9826/14352 -1)
Vocabulary: seductive
(once / 2265 pages)
adj
Seductive is an adjective that describes the fascinating magnetic pull that someone or something has, an attractive quality that tempts you in some way.
A seductive person catches your eye and won’t let it go. The word comes from the Latin seducere, meaning “draw aside.” When someone draws your attention aside from whatever you’re doing, that is a seductive person. Radio people often have seductive voices that lull you to sleep, and stores put their most seductive items in the front window in hopes that you’ll be tempted to come inside and buy them.
WORD FAMILY
seductive: seductively, unseductive
USAGE EXAMPLES
How do I say this — the music is also violent but there’s something that’s seductive in that.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
As seductive as the idea and as likable as its executor are, the anthology is handicapped by two serious problems.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Still, you won't find Phasma in the scantily clad role of the hero nor will you see her as the stereotypical slithering, seductive female villain.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 诱惑的，引诱的; 有魅力的; 性感的; 引人注意的
分布：有魅力的(40%)，诱惑的(34%)，引人注意的(26%)
→seduction,诱惑力，魅力，-ive,形容词后缀。
adjective
PERSUADING 引诱
■intended to seduce someone 诱人的；诱惑的
• It was a seductive black evening dress. 这是一件性感的黑色晚礼服。
• She gave him a seductive look. 她挑逗性地看了他一眼。
[sɪ'dʌk.tɪv] adjective
ATTRACTING 吸引
■making you want to do, have or believe something, because of seeming attractive 有诱惑力的；有魅力的
• Television confronts the viewer with a succession of glittering and seductive images. 电视为观众展现一连串光彩夺目引人入胜的影像。
• The argument that sanctions should be given more time to work is seductive but fatally flawed. 制裁若要产生效果尚需时日，这一个论点很有说服力，但有致命的漏洞。
adj. 有魅力的；性感的；引人注意的
 - attractive, catching

Word: primate
Front: primate
[ˈpraɪmeɪt] (六托宝 11355/10750 -1)
Vocabulary: primate
(once / 3756 pages)
1n 2n
A primate is a monkey, ape, human, or other similar mammal. You've probably visited the primate house at the zoo.
When you see the word primate, you probably think of monkeys. A monkey is just one example of a primate, though — lemurs are primates too, and so are gibbons, and even people. The things we all have in common are large brains, opposable thumbs, bendy toes, and good eyesight. The Latin word primas, or "first," is the root of primate, which scientists sometimes call "the highest order of mammals."
WORD FAMILY
primate: primateship
USAGE EXAMPLES
So it’s puzzling that our closest primate cousins are limited to hoots, coos, and grunts.
Science Magazine(Dec 09, 2016)
They then compared the relative strength of those bones to samples from a range of other primate species.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Discounted admissions are being given Monday because Primate Island is shut down.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 灵长目动物; （英国教会的）大主教; <古>首领; 监督长
adj. 灵长目动物的; 首要的
分布：灵长目动物(100%)
→来自prime,第一的，最初的，首要的，-ate,名词后缀。后用于指灵长类动物。
['praɪ.meɪt] [-mət] specialized
noun countable
ANIMAL 动物
■a member of the most developed and intelligent group of mammals, including humans, monkeys and apes 灵长类动物
['praɪ.meɪt] [-mət] specialized
noun countable
PRIEST 牧师
■a priest with the highest position in his country 大主教，首主教
• He was made the Roman Catholic Primate of All Ireland last year. 他去年被任命为全爱尔兰天主教大主教。
n. 大主教；灵长类的动物；首领
 - leader, chief, captain, boss
adj. 灵长目动物的；首要的
 - principal, all-important

Word: unorthodox
Front: unorthodox
[ʌnˈɔ:θədɒks] (六 14537/13807 -1)
Vocabulary: unorthodox
(once / 6106 pages)
adj
Unorthodox describes something that goes against the usual ways of doing things. Instead of describing yourself as a terrible speller, you might instead proudly refer to your spelling as unorthodox.
The adjective unorthodox originally referred to religion, specifically to a person or practice that went against the traditions of a particular belief. The Greek roots of unorthodox are orthos, or "right," and doxa, or "opinion." So someone whose beliefs are orthodox has "the right opinion," while an unorthodox person does not. The definition has evolved so that unorthodox's meaning is closer to "unusual" or "innovative" than just plain "wrong."
WORD FAMILY
orthodox: orthodoxest, orthodoxly, orthodoxy, unorthodox +/ orthodoxy: orthodoxies, unorthodoxy/unorthodoxy: unorthodoxies
USAGE EXAMPLES
What seemed like effortless mayhem on the screen was the result of a painstaking — and unorthodox — directing approach.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“If his track record as a businessman is a guide, he is likely to test China with an unorthodox opening move.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
“And then he started doing more unorthodox things.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 非正统的; 异端的; 异教的; 左
分布：非正统的(66%)，异端的(34%)
【记】un不，orthodox（adj 正统的）：非正统的
US [-'ɔ:r.θə.dɑ:ks] adjective
■different from what is usual or expected in behaviour, ideas, methods, etc. 非正统的；非传统的；不正规的
• Steiner was recognized as an original if unorthodox thinker. 斯坦纳被认为是一位离经叛道但富有创新精神的思想家。
adj. 非正统的；异端的；异教的
 - heterodox, heretical

Word: variously
Front: variously
[ˈveəriəsli] (13051/9819 -1)
Back: adv. 不同地; 各种各样地，多彩的; 多方面地
分布：不同地(84%)，各种各样地(16%)
US ['ver.i-] adverb
■in several different ways, at several different times, or by several different people 不同地；在不同时间；由不同的人
• It is one of a class of electronic products variously called 'personal communicators' or 'personal digital assistants'. 这是一种新型电子产品，被称作“个人通讯器”或“个人数码助理”，叫法不一。
• The number of cases this year of salmonella poisoning has been variously put at 26, 46, 49 or 51. 今年有关沙门氏菌中毒病例的数量有 26例、46例、49例和51例的不同说法。
adv. 不同地；多方面地；个别地；多彩地
 - separately, personally, differently

Word: zoom
Front: zoom
[zu:m] (高研 8608/11707 -2)
Vocabulary: zoom
(once / 5002 pages)
nv
Zoom zoom! This is a word for things moving quickly, either up or in a line. When you hear zoom, think fast.
Zoom is a word that can be a sound effect, a noun, or a verb. In comic books, you might see a spaceship taking off with a word bubble saying ZOOM!. Fast cars can zoom; airplanes can zoom. You could say, "In one zoom, we were in the air!" Zooming can also mean to move while making a low humming noise that sounds like zoom. Like boom, zoom is a fun word: it's hard to say Zoom zoom! and be in a bad mood.
WORD FAMILY
zoom: zoomed, zooming, zooms
USAGE EXAMPLES
A wide-angle zoom lens would be perfect there.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
As small stocks zoom, however, so do the risks.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The band — still touring with the original lineup, which also includes lead guitarist Billy Zoom and drummer D.J.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 嗡嗡作响; 急速上升
n. 嗡嗡声; 隆隆声; （车辆等）疾驰的声音; 变焦
vt. 使急速上升; 使猛增
时态：zoomed, zooming, zooms
→拟声词。
n.急速上升,图象电子放大,嗡嗡声vi.突然扩大,急速上升I heard the zoom of an aircraft.我听见飞机的发动机声.
[zu:m] informal
verb
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to move very quickly 快速移动
• They got into the car and zoomed off. 他们钻进汽车一溜烟地开走了。
• In the last few metres of the race, she suddenly zoomed ahead. 到了比赛的最后几米，她突然冲到前面。
intransitive
■If prices or sales zoom, they increase suddenly and quickly （价格或销售额）猛涨
• House prices suddenly zoomed last year. 去年房价飙升。
[zu:m] informal
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  zoom in/out
■to (cause a camera or computer to) make the image of something or someone appear much larger and nearer, or much smaller and further away （使照相机或计算机）画面放大／缩小
• At the beginning of the film, the camera zooms in to show two people sitting by the side of a river. 影片一开始，镜头拉近，对准了坐在河边的两个人。
• Click on a photo of any student, and it zooms out to full-size. 随便点击一张学生的照片，它就会放到最大。
• Television cameras zoomed in on the fans fighting in the stands. 电视镜头定格在看台上斗殴的球迷身上。
[zu:m] informal
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  zoom in on sth
■to notice and give special attention to something 留意到；特别关注
• Henry immediately zoomed in on the weakest part of my argument. 亨利马上注意到我论据中最薄弱的部分。
[zu:m] informal
noun countable
■a zoom lens
n. 急速上升；嗡嗡声； [摄] 变焦摄影
 - bum

Word: accordance
Front: accordance
[əˈkɔ:dns] (研四六 8086/32964 -1)
Vocabulary: accordance
(once / 412 pages)
1n 2n
Accordance is agreement between people or consensus within a group. A lack of accordance between members of a political party can spell disaster for their presidential candidate.
Accordance comes from the Old French acorder, meaning "bring to an agreement." When two things are in accordance, they fit together harmoniously. You'll usually see accordance in the phrase "in accordance with," as when you command your kid brother, "act in accordance with my wishes, or face the consequences!" It's most often used to show that someone is following rules or regulations.
WORD FAMILY
accordance: accordances+/ accord: accordant, accorded, according, accords, disaccord/accordant: accordance, accordantly/ according: accordingly /disaccord: disaccording, disaccords
USAGE EXAMPLES
However, he added, they should be treated humanely, in accordance with international and domestic law.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In one study, researchers found that more than three-fourths of colonoscopes and gastroscopes were still contaminated after cleaning and disinfection in accordance with manufacturer guidelines.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The current policy is to house transgender juveniles on a case-by-case basis and not by anatomy alone, in accordance with federal standards.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 一致; 和谐; 给予
分布：符合(47%)，一致(41%)，给予(7%)，授予(5%)
n.一致,和谐,符合The subordinate coordinates are in accordance with that set by the cordial chorus.从属坐标与热心的合唱团的设定值一致.
US [-'kɔ:r-] formal
noun
in accordance with a rule/law/wish/etc.
■following or obeying a rule/law/wish/etc 依照规则／法律／意愿等
• In accordance with her wishes, she was buried in France. 按照她的遗愿，人们把她安葬在法国。
n. 一致；和谐
 - unity, agreement, identity, consensus, keeping

Word: blooded
Front: blooded
['blʌdɪd] (34703/41628)
Back: adj. 有（某种的）血的，血统优良的，有战斗经验的
分布：血统优良的(34%)，纯种的(33%)，有血的(22%)，动词blood的过去式和过去分词形式.(11%)

Word: graph
Front: graph
[græf] (高研四六托雅 26137/4596 -1)
Vocabulary: graph
(once / 5467 pages)
nv
A graph is a visual plotting of the relationship between two or more quantities, like a math map. To graph is to create such a chart.
The noun graph came into use in the 1800s, when people got tired of saying graphic formula and decided to chop it down. A hundred years later, the verb form of graph was first recorded. Diagram and linear representation are two synonyms for the word. The dancer Martha Graham said, “Every dance is a kind of fever chart, a graph of the heart.” Here, she uses graph to say that dance is a visual representation of what’s in the heart.
WORD FAMILY
graph: graphed, graphical, graphing, graphs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Did the experiments in the second graph need to be repeated?
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
He learned “that I wake up in the middle of the night, which showed up on the graph on my phone,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Pie charts and revenue graphs flashed on a big screen.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 图表，曲线图; 词的拼法
vt. 用曲线图表示，把…绘入图表; 用胶版印刷
时态：graphed, graphing, graphs
分布：图表(98%)，示意图(2%)
→来自gerbh, 刮，刻，切，词源同carve,graph. 后指文字，图像。
n.图表,曲线图The photographer put the graph in the paragraph on geographical geometry.摄影师将图表插到论述地理几何学的段落.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a picture which shows how two sets of information or variable amounts are related, usually by lines or curves （通常用直线或曲线表示的）图，图表，图解
• This graph shows how crime has varied in relationship to unemployment over the last 20 years. 这幅图显示出在过去20年里犯罪率与失业率的变化关系。
graph, map, chart
这组词都有“地图、图”的意思，其区别是：
graph: 多指用纵横坐标之间关系的曲线表示两个量之间的图表。
map: 指标有国家大小、城市、铁路、河流、山脉、海洋等的地图。
chart: 指航海地图，也指图表。
n. 图表；曲线图
 - chart, diagram

Word: electrically
Front: electrically
[ɪ'lektrɪklɪ] (17986/14944)
Back: adv. 用电力，有关电地
分布：用电(100%)
ADJ
用电的;电动的
Electrical goods, equipment, or appliances work by means of electricity.
例：...shipments of electrical equipment.电气设备的装运
例：...electrical appliances.电器
ADJ
供电的;用电的
Electrical systems or parts supply or use electricity.
ADJ
电能的;充电的
Electrical energy is energy in the form of electricity.
ADJ
制造电气设备的;供电的
Electrical industries, engineers, or workers are involved in the production and supply of electricity or electrical goods.

Word: harbinger
Front: harbinger
[ˈhɑ:bɪndʒə(r)] (宝 16191/20456)
Vocabulary: harbinger
(once / 3983 pages)
nv
A harbinger is something that comes before and that shows what will follow in the future. The robin is a harbinger of spring––its presence means spring is coming soon.
The appearance of a ghost is often thought of as a harbinger of death. Middle English herbergere is from Old French herbergeor "host," from herberge "camp, shelter," a word ultimately borrowed from a Germanic language.
WORD FAMILY
harbinger: harbingered, harbingering, harbingers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those milestones themselves are a disconcerting harbinger of a warming world, but November brought an even more bizarre event.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
When voters demur, evidently their strategy is retain power by fixing the system: a terrible harbinger for America’s broader, dismally partisan politics.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Hollywood is watching, as several production companies are planning similar U.S.-Sino projects and see “The Great Wall” as a harbinger for their prospects.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 预言者，预兆
vt. 预告; 充做…的前驱
时态：harbingered, harbingering, harbingers
分布：预兆(48%)，预示(29%)，先驱(20%)，作先驱(3%)
→har-,军队，队伍，词源同here,harry,-binger,住宿，庇护所，词源同burg.原义为先头部队，为大部队准备安营扎寨，后引申词义传令官，使者，以及预兆，兆头。
US ['hɑ:r.bɪn.dʒɚ] noun countable literary
■someone or a thing that shows that something is going to happen soon, especially something bad （尤指坏事的）先兆，预兆
• a harbinger of doom 毁灭的前兆
n. 先驱；前兆；预告者
 - precursor, forerunner
vt. 预告；充做…的前驱
 - preannounce, forerun

Word: lurid
Front: lurid
[ˈlʊərɪd] (宝 15172/14646 -1)
Vocabulary: lurid
(once / 1602 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
When people are lured into looking at something, they may be drawn to it because it's a shocking, graphic, or horrible scene, something lurid and very vivid that pulls them in. Your mother might complain that she hates lurid TV shows — ones that are overly sensationalized and meant to shock.
An expression used to avoid hearing or seeing disturbing things is "spare me the lurid details" or "spare me the gory details," and people say that so they won't have shocking or ugly images put into their imaginations. The word lurid, which entered English in the 17th century, comes from Latin lūridis, "ghastly, pale yellow." All of the synonyms for the adjective lurid describe qualities that can turn a person pale: dreadful, nightmarish, and horrific, among others. Lurid is just a uniquely dark and gruesome word.
WORD FAMILY
lurid: luridest, luridly, luridness
USAGE EXAMPLES
All of that “lurid and secret” ambition was directed at people and institutions that now get little, if any, notice.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
It is characterized by an insistent lack of naturalism, its almost lurid color and its melodramatic theme.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
But there’s no violence in Hansen-Love’s world, no sensationalism, nothing lurid.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 可怕的; 血红的; 苍白的
分布：可怕的(45%)，苍白的(28%)，骇人听闻的(17%)，耀眼的(10%)
→来自拉丁语luror,苍白的，引申词义耸人听闻的，骇人的，后来形容化妆妖冶的，俗艳的。
【记】lu露，rid＝red红色：露出红色
US ['lʊr.ɪd] disapproving
adjective
SHOCKING 令人震惊的
■(especially of a description) shocking because involving violence, sex or immoral activity （尤指描述）骇人的，令人毛骨悚然的
• You can read all the lurid details of the affair in today's paper. 今天的报纸上对这件事骇人听闻的细节描写得淋漓尽致。
UK ['ljʊə.rɪd] US ['lʊr.ɪd] disapproving
adjective
COLOUR 颜色
■too brightly coloured 过于艳丽的，太鲜艳的
• That's a very lurid shade of lipstick she's wearing. 她口红抹得太艳了。
adj. 可怕的，耸人听闻的；火烧似的；苍白的；血红的；华丽而庸俗的
 - terrible, gray, horrible, awesome, fearful

Word: heave
Front: heave
[hi:v] (研六托雅宝 9170/6714 -1)
Vocabulary: heave
(once / 329 pages)
1vn 2vn 3vn 4v
When you heave something, you haul or lift a heavy object. You might not realize how fat your cat has become until you have to heave him out of the way to make room for yourself on the sofa.
You heave a heavy object when you lift it, like when you heave piles of wet snow out of your driveway with a shovel, and you can heave yourself out of bed in the morning, if it takes a huge effort to get yourself into a vertical position. You can even heave a heavy sigh, which simply means you sigh loudly. To vomit is also sometimes described as heaving, describing the unpleasant effort of your stomach muscles.
WORD FAMILY
heave: heaved, heaver, heaves, heaving, hove+/heaver: heavers/heaving: heavings
USAGE EXAMPLES
A blitzing Foster pressured Browning into the desperation heave that Anderson swiped for a 17-7 halftime lead.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
With blitzing linebacker Reuben Foster bearing down on him, Browning desperately heaved a pass into the flats for Lavon Coleman.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Van Hove’s troupe translated the quest for political domination into a universal language as timeless as it was modern.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 举起; 投掷; 使起伏; 呕吐
vt. & vi. 喘息; 呕吐
vi. 起伏; （山丘等）隆起; 拖; 气喘
n. 举起; 波动; 隆起; 呕吐
时态：heaved, heaving, heaves
分布：起伏(28%)，举(19%)，扔(14%)，抛(11%)，用力举起(10%)，恶心(10%)，抛出(8%)
→来自古英语hebban,举起，提起，词源同heavy.
v.(用力)举,提,拉;扔;拖;呕吐n.举起Somebody heaved a stone at us.有人朝我们投掷石块.
【记】大力士能够heave那个heaven（n 天；天堂）
verb
MOVE 移动
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to move something heavy using a lot of effort 拉，推，举起，移动（重物）
• He heaved the bag onto his shoulder 他把袋子扛上肩膀。
• He cleared a space, heaving boxes out of the way. 他搬开箱子挪出一处空间。
transitive usually + adverb or preposition informal
■to throw something forcefully, especially something large and heavy 扔，投掷（尤指笨重物）
• She picked up a great book and heaved it at him. 她拿起一本大书就朝他扔过去。
intransitive
■If something heaves, it makes one or more large movements up and down 上下起伏
• As the wind increased, the deck of the ship began to heave beneath his feet. 随着风力增大，轮船甲板开始在他脚下颠簸起来。
[hi:v] verb
VOMIT 呕吐
intransitive
■to feel as if you are going to vomit 恶心，想吐
• The smell of the fish made me/my stomach heave. 鱼的味道让我一阵恶心。
[hi:v] verb
heave a sigh of relief
■to suddenly feel very happy because something unpleasant has not happened or has ended 松一口气
• We both heaved a sigh of relief when she left. 她离开后我们俩都松了一口气。
[hi:v] noun countable
■when you throw, push or pull something with a lot of effort 投掷；推；拉
• They gave a great heave and rolled the boulder out of the way. 他们一起用力将大石头推到路旁。
fling, throw, cast, heave, toss, hurl, pitch
这组词都有“抛、投、掷”的意思，其区别是：
fling: 指用力投掷，或因感情激动而粗暴地或漫无目的地扔东西。
throw: 普通用词，使用广泛，仅指用力抛掷，不涉及动作方式或感情色彩。
cast: 常可与throw互换，指迅速扔出一个重量较轻的物体。
heave: 指把重物举起后扔出。
toss: 指无什么目的地、轻轻地、随意地掷或扔，所扔掷的东西一般都比较轻。
hurl: 通常指用力投掷，动作迅猛，所投掷的距离也较远。
pitch: 指随意地、轻轻地掷或扔，侧重方向性和有明确的目标。
elevate, raise, hoist, heave, lift, boost
这组词都有“升起，举起”的意思，其区别是：
elevate: 较正式用词，指位置、高度的升高，多作比喻用，指职位、品德等的提高。
raise: 较正式用词，常可与lift换用，但强调把某物举起或抬起到应有的高度。常用比喻。
hoist: 多指用绳索、滑轮等机械把重物升起。
heave: 指需花大力气或借外力才能举起或抬起重物。
lift: 指用人力或机械力把某物升到较高的位置。
boost: 原义指从后面或下面推起或提高，现常用于指提高价格、振作精神等抽象概念。
vt. 举起；使起伏；投掷；恶心；发出（叹息等）
 - lift up, hold up
vi. 起伏；举起；喘息；呕吐
 - wave, roll
n. 举起；起伏；投掷；一阵呕吐
 - up with, putting, fluctuation, cast, lift

Word: mastery
Front: mastery
[ˈmɑ:stəri] (六 7593/10149 -1)
Vocabulary: mastery
(once / 860 pages)
n
Mastery refers to having great skill at something or total dominance over something. If you are fluent in French, you have a mastery of the language. If you win every game of chess, you show a mastery of the game.
Mastery is from master, who is someone knowledgeable about a subject, like a master painter. Masters are also people with power — butlers sometimes call their employer master. Mastery refers to a similar power or ability. Beethoven showed mastery in composing. Shakespeare displayed mastery in writing. Apple has had mastery over the field of computers and smartphones. Often, both senses are mixed: if someone has mastery over a field skill-wise, they probably have mastery in terms of dominance too.
WORD FAMILY
mastery: masteries+/ master: mastered, masterful, mastering, masteringly, masterless, masterly, masters, mastership, mastery, overmaster/ masterful: masterfully/masterly: masterlily/mastership: masterships/overmaster: overmastered, overmastering, overmasters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Among those being expelled, it said, was the diplomatic post’s chef, “whose mastery was enjoyed by hundreds of our guests” for three years.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Crescendoing from totally mundane music video concepts to actual surreal, semi-frightening 3D experiences, the six-piece series shows the artist’s growing mastery of this burgeoning technology.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
The research is ingenious and promising, but it also suggests a mastery over nature that may be hard to achieve.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 精通，熟练; 统治，控制; 优势
分布：掌握(68%)，精通(17%)，控制(10%)，熟练(5%)
→来自master,大师，-y,名词后缀。引申词义精通。
精通(master掌握)[-y 1.加在名词后变成形容词2表名词,加在形容词或以r结尾的单词后3表名词"人或小东西"常带有戏谑性和爱称]
【记】来自动词master（控制，精通）
US ['mæs.tɚ-] noun uncountable
CONTROL 控制
■complete control of something 完全的控制
• her mastery of the situation 她对局势的牢牢掌控
UK ['mɑ:.stər.i] US ['mæs.tɚ-] noun uncountable
SKILL 技能
■If someone has a mastery of something, they are extremely skilled at it 熟练，精通
• her mastery of the violin 她娴熟的小提琴演奏技法
n. 掌握；精通；优势；征服；统治权
 - superiority, advantage, edge

Word: martyrdom
Front: martyrdom
[ˈmɑ:tədəm] (14662/19548)
Vocabulary: martyrdom
(once / 1126 pages)
n
Suffering or dying for your beliefs, that’s martyrdom, and while it doesn’t sound pleasant, some people feel it’s a great honor.
The root of martyrdom is the Greek word martur, which means “witness.” The suffix -dom means “state or condition,” but it also comes from an Old English word meaning “decree, judgment.” To experience martyrdom, you must witness your own death, usually because of the judgment of others. In Christianity, believers endure martyrdom in order to become saints. Some people falsely claim martyrdom as a way to get attention, like your brother who whines about doing chores because his pinkie hurts.
WORD FAMILY
martyrdom: martyrdoms+/ martyr: martyrdom, martyred, martyring, martyrise, martyrize, martyrs/martyrise: martyrised, martyrising/martyrize: martyrized, martyrizes, martyrizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
What she conveyed was that the campaign was an exercise not in potential martyrdom but in hopeful exuberance.
The New Yorker(Dec 24, 2016)
It may be celebrated secretly, particularly as 2016 is the anniversary of a great Christian martyrdom on the banks of the Taedong river in Pyongyang.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
He does not impugn religion but, unlike a Mel Gibson, he also doesn’t venerate martyrdom for its own sake.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 殉难，殉道
分布：殉难(56%)，牺牲(32%)，折磨(12%)
→martyr,殉道者，-dom,抽象名词后缀。
US ['mɑ:r.tˌɚ-] noun uncountable
■when someone suffers or is killed for their beliefs 殉难，牺牲
n. 殉难，牺牲；受苦，受难
 - suffering, sacrifice

Word: opera
Front: opera
[ˈɒprə] (高研四六托 3851/2984 -3)
Vocabulary: opera
(once / 397 pages)
n
An opera is a theatrical piece that tells a story totally through the music. It consists of recitatives which provide the narrative plot line and elaborate chorus singing, along with duets and arias, which are the parts we most remember.
We get the word opera from the Latin and, later, from the Italian, a noun formed from the word operari, "to work." The style evolved in Italy around 1600, and was initially unrealistic, mainly a chance for soloists to show off. In the mid-18th Century the focus shifted to both strong story and exquisite singing. Emotion is an important quality, a trait carried over to "soap operas" which have no singing but plenty of fake tears.
WORD FAMILY
opera: operas, operatic+/operatic: operatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Reviewing the premiere in Philadelphia last fall, Zachary Woolfe of The New York Times called it an “ambitious, accomplished, dramatically direct opera.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Televisions are tuned to the Golf Channel or Korean game shows and soap operas.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Ms. Damrau and Mr. Grigolo were especially inspired during the four duets that form the dramatic crux of Gounod’s opera.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 歌剧; 歌剧艺术， 歌剧业; 作品( opus的名词复数 ); 砌
分布：歌剧(99%)，挪威Opera软件公司的浏览器软件(1%)
→来自意大利语opera,音乐创作，作曲，歌剧，来自拉丁语operari,工作，劳作，创作，词源同opus,operate.后用于指歌剧。
歌剧(通过创作而来)[Oper=work,表示"工作"]
n.歌剧The rational operator started a new era of opera cooperation in AD 2000.理性的操作者在公元2000年开创了一个歌剧合作的新时代.
【记】a和o结尾的都是艺术单词，源于意大利。
【参】operetta（n 小歌剧）
UK ['ɒp.rə] US ['ɑ:.pɚ.ə] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a musical play in which most of the words are sung, or plays and music of this type 歌剧
• 'Carmen' is my favourite opera. 《卡门》是我最喜爱的歌剧。
• I've never been a huge fan of opera. 我对歌剧一向不是很着迷。
• He goes to the opera (= to see an opera) whenever he can. 他一有机会就去看歌剧。
• an opera singer 歌剧演唱家
Compare operetta

Word: meticulous
Front: meticulous
[məˈtɪkjələs] (托雅宝 11107/11166 -1)
Vocabulary: meticulous
(once / 3383 pages)
adj
People who are meticulous can be pretty annoying, what with their extreme attention to detail. But if that person is, say, your surgeon or your accountant, you'll want them to be meticulous.
The Latin root of meticulous is metus, which means "fear," so it's easy to see how eventually meticulous got its meaning. Someone who's meticulous is afraid of what will happen if they're not careful enough to get every detail right. "Detail oriented" and "perfectionist" are other ways of describing someone who cares deeply about the small things and about getting things exactly right, every time. Concert pianists must be meticulous, because audiences are always listening for wrong notes.
WORD FAMILY
meticulous: meticulosity, meticulously, meticulousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
"He is so meticulous in his preparation that I expect him to play pretty terrific tennis pretty quickly," he added.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Although he struggles with folding the fitted sheets, he is meticulous, lining up the edges just so.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
That was a mere cameo compared to her passionate and meticulous work in “20th Century Women,” a movie that truly revolves around her.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 谨小慎微的; 过度重视细节的
分布：一丝不苟的(82%)，缜密的(18%)
→来自拉丁语metus,恐惧，害怕，忧虑。即充满恐惧的，后引申词义谨慎的，小心翼翼的。
【记】meticul胆小害怕的，ous多－害怕多－谨小慎微的me我，ticu提裤，lous：我在提裤子的时候是小心的。
adjective approving
■very careful and with great attention to every detail 严谨的，一丝不苟的；非常注意细节的
• Many hours of meticulous preparation have gone into writing the book. 为写此书，投入了大量时间细心做前期准备。
adj. 一丝不苟的；小心翼翼的；拘泥小节的
 - punctilious, wary of

Word: prominently
Front: prominently
['prɒmɪnəntlɪ] (9654/11344)
Back: adv. 显著地，重要地
分布：显著地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
重要的；杰出的；著名的
Someone who is prominent is important.
例：...a prominent member of the Law Society.法律协会的重要成员
例：...the children of very prominent or successful parents.杰出或成功人士的孩子
ADJ-GRADED
显著的；突出的；鲜艳的；引人注目的
Something that is prominent is very noticeable or is an important part of something else.
例：Here the window plays a prominent part in the design.这里窗户在设计中起着非常重要的作用。
例：...Romania's most prominent independent newspaper.罗马尼亚最著名的独立报纸
adv. 显著地
 - remarkably, notably, noticeably, markedly

Word: parody
Front: parody
[ˈpærədi] (雅宝 10507/12069 -1)
Vocabulary: parody
(once / 1701 pages)
nv
A parody is a humorous or mocking imitation of something, using the same form as the original. To parody a poem, you have to write another poem.
A parody is a form of humor that spoofs — or satirizes — something using the same form. For example, shows like "Saturday Night Live" and "The Daily Show" parody newscasts by doing fake newscasts that look like the real thing. Comedians and comedy writers love to parody the President. Anything in the public eye could be the object of a parody.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
parody / parity
They're different, but when these words are said out loud it's hard to tell them apart. A parody is a silly spoof and parity is equality, and that's no joke.
A parody turns making fun of something into an art form. Imitating the way someone talks or writes is a parody. Broken down into its Greek roots, it's para for "beside," and ode as in "song," which forms paroidia for a "burlesque song or poem." A parody isn't as risqué as a burlesque, but it's definitely supposed to be funny. Here are some examples of the word:
"He's also a professed fan of the 1960s spy parody ‘Get Smart.'" (Washington Times)
"The online parody shows a player pretending to be J.J." (Los Angeles Times)
"From a Saturday Night Live hosting gig to a parody Twitter account, the ‘Girls' star is everywhere." (Time)
When there's parity, things are even-steven. Parity means equality. It even has Latin roots in par, which means, of course, equal. If a scale is balanced, there is parity.
It's used in finance:
"She said she thinks the euro will fall below parity against the U.S. dollar in the coming year." (Wall Street Journal)
In social contexts:
"None of this started out as a fight over gender parity, but now that it looks like one, you can be sure women will notice."
And sports:
"In most seasons, parity usually expires some time around November as the league's usual suspects take control." (Wall Street Journal)
They word parody probably has more fun than parity, which just likes to even things out. But there is parity between these words; they are both awesome.
WORD FAMILY
parody: parodied, parodies, parodist, parodying+/parodist: parodists
USAGE EXAMPLES
An earlier episode placed Paper Boi on a fictional news panel show with parody commercials to break up the show’s segments.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
He's been the subject of fake news stories, books, comics - and a parody of the Book of Genesis.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
He showed anew the crispness of his enunciation — in this case stretched to farcical parody — and his talent for broad comedy.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 拙劣的模仿; 恶搞; 滑稽的模仿诗文
vt. 滑稽地拙劣地模仿; 把（他人诗文）模仿成滑稽体裁
时态：parodied, parodying, parodies
分布：拙劣的模仿(40%)，拙劣模仿(30%)，仿作(20%)，作模仿诗文(10%)
→来自拉丁语parodia,滑稽剧，滑稽模仿，来自para-,在旁，在周围，-odia,吟唱，吟咏，词源同ode,comedy,melody.
【记】par平等，ody＝ode唱－唱的一样－模仿诗文
US ['per-] noun
countable or uncountable
■writing, music, art, speech, etc. which intentionally copies the style of someone famous or copies a particular situation, making the features or qualities of the original more noticeable in a way that is humorous 滑稽模仿作品（指文章、音乐、艺术品、讲话等）
• He was an eighteenth-century author who wrote parodies of other people's works. 他是一位18世纪的作家，专对他人的作品进行滑稽模仿。
• There is a hint of self- parody in his later paintings. 他后期的画含有自嘲的意味。
Compare travesty
countable disapproving
■something which so obviously fails to achieve the effect that was intended that it is stupid （几近荒谬的）拙劣的模仿
• "It was a parody of a trial," said one observer. “这称不上审判，只是在装模作样，”一位观察者说。
UK ['pær.ə.di] US ['per-] verb transitive
■to copy the style of someone or something in a humorous way 滑稽模仿
• One of the papers is running a competition in which you've got to parody a well-known author. 有一家报纸正在举行一场竞赛，在比赛中你必须滑稽地模仿一位著名作家的风格写些东西。

Word: sentimental
Front: sentimental
[ˌsentɪˈmentl] (研托 8266/8600 -2)
Vocabulary: sentimental
(once / 400 pages)
adj
Call a person sentimental if he or she is led more by emotions than by reason. If you have a sentimental attachment to a favorite stuffed animal, you'll probably even bring it to college with you.
Sentimental describes a person who relies on emotions more than reason, or a novel or film that is overly emotional. Derived from the Latin verb, sentire "to feel," sentimental always implies that the emotions are involved a little too much. If you do something for sentimental reasons, you are only doing it because of an emotional attachment.
WORD FAMILY
sentimental: sentimentalest, sentimentalise, sentimentalism, sentimentality, sentimentalize, sentimentally, unsentimental+/ presentiment: presentiments/ sentiment: presentiment, sentimental, sentimentise, sentimentize, sentiments/sentimentalise: sentimentalisation, sentimentalised, sentimentalises, sentimentalising/sentimentalism: sentimentalisms, sentimentalist/sentimentalist: sentimentalists/ sentimentality: sentimentalities/sentimentalization: sentimentalizations/sentimentalize: sentimentalization, sentimentalized, sentimentalizes, sentimentalizing/unsentimental: unsentimentally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Part of the agenda of the sentimental Christmas movie is to inspire characters and audience to lead better lives.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
He was also depressive, maudlin, sentimental and he drank like a fish.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Jamie’s sentimental education is also a kind of encounter session.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 伤感的; 多愁善感的; 感情用事的; 寓有情感的
分布：感伤的(47%)，多愁善感的(32%)，感情的(21%)
多感情的;感伤的(sentiment+al)[Sens,sent=feel,表示"感觉"]
US [-tˌə'men.tˌəl] adjective
■describes someone who is strongly influenced by emotional feelings, especially about happy memories of past events or relationships with other people, rather than by careful thought and judgment based on facts 多愁善感的；感情用事的
• Why be sentimental about that old coat? There's no point in keeping it just because you were wearing it when you first met me. 为甚么对那件旧外套依依不舍？仅仅因为你第一次遇到我时穿着这件衣服就留着它，这毫无意义。
• It's a cheap ring but it has great sentimental value for me. 这只戒指不贵，但对我来说却有很大的纪念价值。
■disapproving
■too strongly influenced by emotional feelings 过于伤感的
• silly sentimental songs/stories 愚蠢的伤感歌曲／故事
sensational, sensible, sentimental, sensitive
这是一组形近易混词。
sensational: a.耸人听闻的，令人激动的。
 • I read a sensational story about a ten-year-old mother.   我听到一则耸人听闻的故事：十岁女孩做妈妈。
sensible: a.有知觉的，可感知的；明智的。
 • The patient was speechless but still sensible.   病人虽然不能说话但仍然有知觉。
sentimental: a.多愁善感的，感伤的。
 • The novel has scenes full of love and loss; it is so sentimental!   小说有多处场景充满爱情的悲欢离合，真是感伤啊！
sensitive: a.敏感的，灵敏的。
 • This film is sensitive to light.   这种胶片对光很敏感。
adj. 感伤的；感情脆弱的
 - melting, mushy

Word: vitality
Front: vitality
[vaɪˈtæləti] (托 8443/8639 -1)
Vocabulary: vitality
(once / 756 pages)
n
Are you full of life? Vigorous and energetic? Lucky you. You have vitality, the state of being strong and in great health.
Vitality also has the general meaning of "life force," as in the mysterious power that separates the living from the dead. The phrase "vital organs" comes from vitality, meaning a person's inner organs most essential to life. Abstract things can also have vitality, as in "the vitality of the state" or the vitality of Broadway Theater."
WORD FAMILY
vitality: vitalities+/devitalise: devitalisation, devitalised, devitalises, devitalising/devitalize: devitalization, devitalized, devitalizes, devitalizing/revitalise: revitalisation, revitalised, revitalising/revitalization: revitalizations/ revitalize: revitalization, revitalized, revitalizes, revitalizing/ vital: vitalest, vitalise, vitalism, vitality, vitalize, vitally, vitalness/vitalise: devitalise, revitalise, vitalisation, vitalised, vitaliser, vitalises, vitalising/vitalism: vitalist/vitalist: vitalists/vitalization: vitalizations/ vitalize: devitalize, revitalize, vitalization, vitalized, vitalizer, vitalizes, vitalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Everything about Fisher, in fact, seemed irrepressible on set, from her blunt honesty to her physical vitality.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Measures of economic vitality including income growth, consumer spending and inflation weakened last month following a short-lived spurt.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
I'd like to find a little more vitality in my work.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 活力; 生气; 生命力; 持久性
分布：活力(65%)，生命力(35%)
活力(vital+izy)[vivvitvig=life,表示"生命"]
【记】vital（adj 有活力的），ity：活力
【反】enervation（n 削弱；虚弱）；soporific（adj 催眠的；n 催眠剂）
US [-ə.tˌi] approving
noun uncountable
■energy and strength 生命力；活力
• According to the packet, these vitamin pills will restore lost vitality. 据包装上的说明，这些维生素片可以恢复活力。
n. [生物] 活力，生气；生命力，生动性
 - animation, pet, spring, vigor

Word: shunt
Front: shunt
[ʃʌnt] (宝 18929/14287 -1)
Vocabulary: shunt
(once / 6052 pages)
nv
A shunt is a small tube that goes inside the body to drain fluid. It also means to divert in a general way, like if you shunt the thought of tubes in your body, you think about rainbows and kittens instead.
Although shunt usually refers to a tube that drains blood or other fluid out of a part of the body, shunt also means to bypass. If a train is shunted, it’s diverted from the main track onto a side track. The word may have come from shun, as in “turn away,” which is what a shunt essentially does. It turns something away from where it was headed.
WORD FAMILY
shunt: shunted, shunter, shunting, shunts+/shunter: shunters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Courtrooms are so small that parents are shunted to the hall.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Shunted and scorned, the two little outcasts sweetly strike up a friendship at the campfire.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
When they shunted Racing backwards in a scrum they won another penalty soon after.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: v. 使转轨; 使分流; 转向一边; 避开
n. 转轨; 分流器
时态：shunted, shunting, shunts
分布：转轨(67%)，分流器(33%)
→可能来自 shot 或 shut 的鼻音形式，最终来自 skeud,投，扔，射，推，词源同 shoot,shot,shut.
【记】读：闪他－闪开他用转轨器
verb
TRAINS 火车
transitive
■to move a train or carriage onto a different track in or near a station using a special railway engine designed for this purpose 使（火车或车厢）转辙
[ʃʌnt] verb
MOVE 移动
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move someone or something from one place to another, usually because they are not wanted and without considering any unpleasant effects 把…转至，调往（另一地方）
• I spent most of my childhood being shunted (about) between my parents who had divorced when I was five. 我五岁时父母离异，童年的大部分时间都辗转徘徊在离婚的父母之间。
• He shunts his kids off to a camp every summer. 他每年夏天都送孩子们去参加夏令营。
• Viewers are fed up with their favourite sitcoms being shunted to later times to make way for live football coverage. 因现场直播足球比赛而把深受观众喜爱的情景喜剧往后顺延，许多人对此表示不满。
vi. 转轨；转向一边；往返
 - to and from
n. 转轨； [电] 分流器
 - current divider, splitter

Word: unreformed
Front: unreformed
[ˌʌnrɪ'fɔ:md] (36313/37164)
Back: adj. 未改革的，未经宗教改革的
分布：未改革的(50%)，未经宗教改革的(50%)

Word: affinity
Front: affinity
[əˈfɪnəti] (托宝 9246/6169 -1)
Vocabulary: affinity
(once / 1056 pages)
n
If you get along with someone very well, you have an affinity with them. Sometimes opposites attract, so you might feel a strange affinity to someone who is seemingly very different from you.
When you are attracted to someone or something a great deal, we say that you have an affinity, a natural connection. Likewise, scientists use affinity to describe organisms that are alike or resemble each other. Interestingly, the Middle English word, affinite, originally applied to people who were connected or related by marriage, rather than by biology.
WORD FAMILY
affinity: affinities+/affine: affines, affinity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cody’s affinity for children is rooted in his own childhood.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
This news was accompanied by candidate Trump’s strange affinity for Vladimir Putin.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
But it is Mr Trump’s affinity with Mr Putin, rather than Russia’s active measures, that helped him win.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 密切关系，姻亲关系; （男女之间的）吸引力，吸引人的异性; 类同; 类似，近似
分布：密切关系(45%)，吸引力(43%)，姻亲(12%)
→前缀af-同ad-, 去，往。词根fin, 范围，见finish. 原指结为亲家，纳入亲人范围，后指喜爱。
亲戚;密切关系(af+fin范围+ity→一再能进[别人]范围→亲密)[fin=end,boundary,表示"结束,范围"]
密切关系(af+fin边界,尽头...边界相接...关系密切)[-ity表名词,指具备某种性质]
【记】1）af一个，fin范围，ity名词后缀－在一个范围内－有密切关系2）affi读：爱抚，ni拼：你，ty读：他－爱抚你和他－亲密关系
【参】infinite（adj 无限的）；confine（vt 限制，监禁）
【反】aversion（n 厌恶，讨厌的事和人）；repugnance（n 深恶痛绝）；antipathy（n 憎恶；反感）
US [-ə.tˌi] noun
only singular
■a liking or sympathy for someone or something, especially because of shared characteristics （尤指因为有相同的特征而引起的）情投意合，喜爱，吸引
• She seems to have a natural affinity for/with water. 她好像天生就喜欢水。
countable or uncountable
■a close similarity between two things 类同，雷同
• There are several close affinities between the two paintings. 这两幅画有多处非常相似的地方。
n. 密切关系；吸引力； [法] 姻亲关系；类同
 - appeal, charm

Word: avon
Front: avon
[ˈeivɔn] (-/9015)
Back: n. 英国中部一河
分布：名词(100%)

Word: appropriation
Front: appropriation
[əˌprəʊpriˈeɪʃn] (托 6526/9318)
Vocabulary: appropriation
(once / 840 pages)
1n 2n
Appropriation is the act of taking something, usually without permission, like stealing your brother's french fries when he is momentarily distracted.
Appropriation originally referred to the taking of private property, usually by the government. Nowadays, appropriation can be positive or negative, but generally refers to taking something and making it your own –- like using melodies from other types of music in your song or your company’s appropriation of new technology to improve their product. Appropriation can also refer to the setting aside of funds by the government for a specific purpose, like for improving school systems or supporting the arts.
WORD FAMILY
appropriation: appropriations+/ appropriate: appropriable, appropriated, appropriately, appropriateness, appropriates, appropriating, appropriation, appropriative, appropriator, misappropriate /appropriator: appropriators/ misappropriate: misappropriated, misappropriates, misappropriating, misappropriation/misappropriation: misappropriations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 2016 law to again allow a wolf hunt also includes an appropriation.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The House Appropriations and Senate Finance committees will meet together on Wednesday.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
It is hard to talk about cultural appropriation in food.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 挪用; 拨款; 批准支出
分布：拨款(59%)，挪用(32%)，拨用(9%)
US [-ˌproʊ-] noun countable or uncountable
TAKE 拿走
■when you take something for your own use, usually without permission 据为己有，挪用
• The author objected to the appropriation of his story by an amateur film maker. 作者反对业余电影制作人盗用他的故事。
UK [əˌprəʊ.pri'eɪ.ʃən] US [-ˌproʊ-] noun countable or uncountable
SUM OF MONEY 款项 specialized
■a sum of money to be used for a particular purpose 拨款
• The committee approved an appropriation of £10,000. 委员会批准拨款一万英镑。
• [often plural] The foundation was promised a 7% increase to bring its appropriations to $2.07 billion. 基金会得到承诺，拨款将增加7%，使其总额达到20.7亿美元。
n. [财政] 拨款；挪用
 - grant, embezzlement

Word: crossroad
Front: crossroad
['krɔ:srəʊd] (29443/-)
Back: n. 十字路口; 重大抉择的关头
分布：十字路口(75%)，交叉路(21%)，转折点(4%)
n. 十字路口；交叉路；岔道；重大的抉择关头
 - intersection, four corners

Word: euphemism
Front: euphemism
[ˈju:fəmɪzəm] (宝 15077/18533 -1)
Vocabulary: euphemism
(once / 5937 pages)
n
Pardon me, but when a polite term is substituted for a blunt, offensive one, you should call it a euphemism.
Euphemism is from Greek euphemismos, meaning "good speech," and it's a way that we paper over uncomfortable things with more pleasant-sounding words. These days we tend to use euphemisms when talking about anything having to do with elimination of bodily waste: toilet, bathroom, and water closet were all originally euphemisms. The military is also notorious for using euphemisms, like saying "neutralizing the target" instead of "killing someone."
WORD FAMILY
euphemism: euphemise, euphemisms, euphemistic, euphemize +/euphemise: euphemised, euphemises/ euphemistic: euphemistically/ euphemize: euphemized, euphemizes, euphemizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
So “populism” is now overwhelmingly used as a euphemism for a style of politics that plays on xenophobia and hatred of expertise.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
And that allows them leeway to express themselves without euphemism.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
And the first phase — “clearing” — was a euphemism for violence, repeatedly applied via small gunfights and supported by American artillery and air power.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 委婉语; 委婉说法
分布：委婉语(100%)
→eu-, 好的。-phem, 说，词源同fame, phone.
委婉的词语(eu+phem讲话＋ism→讲好话)[eu-表示"好,优秀"]
委婉的说法(eu好+phem+is-m-讲好话)[phem=speech(讲话)]
【记】eu好，phem出现－以好的语言出现－委婉的说法
【参】ephemeral（adj 短暂的）
noun countable or uncountable
■a word or phrase used to avoid saying an unpleasant or offensive word 委婉语，委婉说法
• 'Senior citizen' is a euphemism for 'old person'. “年长公民”是“老年人”的委婉说法
• The article made so much use of euphemism that often its meaning was unclear. 这篇文章用了太多的委婉语，以至于意思常常不甚明了。
n. 委婉语；委婉说法
 - hypocorism, nice Nelly

Word: delve
Front: delve
[delv] (宝 11237/11266 -1)
Vocabulary: delve
(once / 3380 pages)
v
The verb delve means to dig into, loosen, or investigate. She delved into her family's history and discovered an inventor, a checkers champion, and a circus equestrian in her ancestry.
Delve has a literal meaning of to dig into the earth ("to delve the soil," as in preparing a garden, for example), but this sense is rare now. The verb is most often used in the more figurative sense — like to delve into a problem or into someone's personal life.
WORD FAMILY
delve: delved, delves, delving
USAGE EXAMPLES
And when you delve more deeply, the tale is a surprising one.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
“It meant that you were delving into a different cultural realm.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
My parents in their eager search delved through the brochures, the interviews and assessments, the continuous churning of paperwork.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vi. 探究; 挖掘
vt. 钻研; 挖掘
n. 穴; 洞
时态：delved, delving, delves
分布：探究(73%)，挖掘(21%)，搜索(6%)
→来自dhelbh, 挖，来自dhel,挖，挖掘，词源同dell, dale. 引申义翻找。
【记】读：待挖－有待于挖掘的东西值得深入刻苦地研究
verb intransitive
■to search, especially as if by digging, in order to find a thing or information 探索；深入寻找，搜寻
• She delved into her pocket to find some change. 她伸手到口袋里找零钱。
[delv] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  delve into sth
■to examine something carefully in order to discover more information about someone or something 深入探索；探究
• It's not always a good idea to delve too deeply into someone's past. 过分探究某人的过去并不见得总是一件好事。
vi. 钻研；探究；挖
 - pick, probe into
vt. 钻研；探究；挖
 - tunnel, probe into
n. 穴；洞
 - cavity, hole, aperture

Word: beck
Front: beck
[bek] (23801/9208)
Back: n. 山涧，溪流; 大桶
分布：点头(50%)，招手(50%)
→1.小溪，词源同beach.
[bek] UK
noun countable
■a small stream 小溪，小河
[bek] UK
noun countable
at sb's beck and call
■always willing and able to do whatever someone asks 听命于（某人），唯（某人）之命是从
• Go and get it yourself! I'm not at your beck and call, you know. 自己去拿！我才不听你使唤呢。
n. 招手；点头；（英）小河
 - arroyo, riverlet

Word: exuberant
Front: exuberant
[ɪgˈzju:bərənt] (托雅宝 12368/14280 -1)
Vocabulary: exuberant
(once / 1959 pages)
adj
Are you feeling really happy and enthusiastic about something? Describe yourself with the adjective exuberant!
Exuberant can be traced back to the same Indo-European root that has brought the word udder. If you picture the plentiful amount of milk a cow can give, it is easy to remember that exuberant always describes something that is abundant or plentiful like exuberant foliage. Abundance also comes into play in its primary use today to mean very enthusiastic, full of energy or overjoyed. When the bell rings on the last day of school, you will be exuberant.
WORD FAMILY
exuberant: exuberantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
For there is nothing tentative about “La La Land,” especially concerning its exuberant dance numbers.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The opening number, “Another Day of Sun,” is so exuberant and really sets the tone for the film.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
From cheap mobile experiences to exuberant desktop machines, if you wanted to dive into a virtual world, there was a way.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 生气勃勃的; （活力）充沛的; 茂盛的，繁茂的; （词藻）过于华丽的，极度的
adv. 生气勃勃地; （活力）充沛地; 茂盛地
分布：繁茂的(60%)，兴高采烈的(20%)，丰富的(20%)
→ex-, 向外。-uber, 乳房，乳汁，词源同udder. 原指多产的，丰富的，引申义兴高采烈的。
茂盛的(ex出+uber果实累累;参考:uberty丰饶)[-ant 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"…人"3.表名词"…剂"]
茂盛的;多产的[uber=fruitful(果实)]
US [-'zu:.bɚ-] adjective
PEOPLE 人
■(especially of people and their behaviour) very energetic （尤指人或其行为）精力充沛的，热情洋溢的，兴高采烈的
• Young and exuberant, he symbolises Italy's new vitality. 青春年少、意气风发，他代表了义大利朝气勃勃的生力军。
UK [ɪg'zju:.bər.ənt] US [-'zu:.bɚ-] adjective
PLANTS 植物的
■(of plants) strong and growing quickly （植物）茁壮的，茂盛的
adj. 繁茂的；生气勃勃的，充溢的
 - lively, rank

Word: flatly
Front: flatly
[ˈflætli] (10926/10512)
Back: adv. 断然地; 干脆地; 直截了当地; 单调地
分布：断然地(67%)，平淡地(33%)
→来自flat,平的。即直接了当的，不拐弯抹角的。
adverb
WITHOUT EMOTION 无感情地
■in a way that shows no emotion or interest 平淡地；乏味地；缺乏热情地
• The witness responded flatly to the judge's questions. 证人漠然地回答了法官的提问。
['flæt.li] adverb
COMPLETELY 彻底地
■If you flatly deny, refuse or disagree with something or someone, you do it completely or in a very clear and definite way. （表示否认、拒绝、不赞同时）斩钉截铁地；直截了当地
adv. 断然地；平平地；直截了当地
 - positively, emphatically

Word: instigate
Front: instigate
[ˈɪnstɪgeɪt] (托宝 15639/11605 -1)
Vocabulary: instigate
(once / 1236 pages)
v
When you instigate something, you start it, but the word carries conflict with it. If you are suspended for wearing a political t-shirt, the incident might instigate days of protest by students and faculty.
Instigate comes from the Latin word instigare "to incite." People who are instigators often begin trouble but then back off and let others break the rules. If you instigate a food fight in the cafeteria, you might throw the first spoonful of mashed potatoes, but then you stop and let all the other students carry on the chaos. When something is instigated, the outcome tends to be unknown. The plan you instigate might not lead to the desired result.
WORD FAMILY
instigate: instigated, instigates, instigating, instigation, instigative, instigator+/instigation: instigations/instigator: instigators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ambrose accuses President Obama of breaking “records in polarizing the country” by stirring up class antagonisms, heightening racial tensions and helping instigate political stalemate.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The heptapods do not instigate action, they do not react violently, and they literally rise above the conflict.
Slate(Dec 19, 2016)
Mr. Putin accused Mrs. Clinton of instigating protests against him in late 2011.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 教唆; 煽动; 激起
时态：instigated, instigating, instigates
分布：煽动(34%)，鼓动(24%)，教唆(22%)，怂恿(20%)
→in-,进入，使，-stig,刺，棍，词源同stick,instinct.引申词义唆使，煽动。
教唆,煽动(in进入+stig[=stinct]+ate→刺激[别人]内部→煽动)[sting,stinct,stimul=priek表示"刺,刺激"]
【记】in进入，stig＝sting（v 刺；刺激），ate－刺激；煽动in进入，sti死踢，gate门－进入到居民楼里，死踢每家的门，煽动大家起来反对法轮功。
【反】quell（v 镇压）
['ɪn.stɪ.geɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to cause an event or situation to happen by making a set of actions or a formal process begin 促使发生；发起
• The government will instigate new measures to combat terrorism. 政府将采取新措施打击恐怖主义。
• The revolt in the north is believed to have been instigated by a high-ranking general. 北方的叛乱据信是由一名高级将领唆使的。
vt. 唆使；煽动；教唆；怂恿
 - encourage, fan

Word: intangible
Front: intangible
[ɪnˈtændʒəbl] (宝 13879/15152 -1)
Vocabulary: intangible
(once / 3180 pages)
adjn
You can't touch this word — it is intangible. You can grasp the meaning of the word in your head, but you can't close your hands around it; you'll just put fingerprints on your monitor.
The Latin verb tangere means "to touch," and the 16th-century English word tangible comes from it. Something intangible can't be touched physically, but most of the time it is understandable or even felt in the heart. Sadness can't be picked up and thrown in the garbage can because it is intangible, but you can throw away the tissues wet with tears. Laughing is intangible too, but you can hold onto movies, pets, and friends that make you laugh.
WORD FAMILY
intangible: intangibility, intangibleness, intangibles, intangibly+/intangibility: intangibilities/tangibility: tangibilities/ tangible: intangible, tangibility, tangibleness, tangibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those are the intangibles that help build a football player.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
What was diverse about them lay in intangibles: personality, moral compass, I.Q. — all hard to read in a formal portrait.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But it’s hard to argue the intangible gains outweigh potential risks.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 触不到的; 难以理解的; 无法确定的
n. <商>（指企业资产）无形的
分布：无形的(90%)，无形的东西(7%)，难以明了的(3%)
→in-,不，非，tangible,可接触的。即不可接触的，无形的。
不能触知的(in不+tangible)[tact,tag,tig,ting=touch表示"接触"]
【记】tangible（adj 通过触摸可以感知的）tang烫：一碗土豆炖牛肉特别烫，所以只能触摸碗的边缘来感知热的程度。这时的味道特别浓，因为分子的运动比较剧烈，所以tangy是（adj 扑鼻的）
【反】corporeal（adj 肉体的；有形的；物质的）
adjective
■An intangible feeling or quality exists but you cannot describe it exactly or prove it （感觉或性质）难以捉摸的，无法形容的，难以确定的
• She has that intangible quality which you might call charisma. 她具有一种难以捉摸的特质，你或许会称之为个人魅力。
adj. 无形的，触摸不到的；难以理解的
 - invisible, discarnate

Word: interconnect
Front: interconnect
[ˌɪntəkəˈnekt] (六 19393/21188)
Back: vi. 互相连接，互相联系
vt. 使互相连接; 使互相联系
时态：interconnected, interconnecting, interconnects
分布：连接(65%)，使互相连接(35%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，connect,连接。
US [-tˌɚ-] verb intransitive or transitive
■(of two or more things) to connect with or be related to each other （两个或多个事物间）互相连接，互相联系
• The problems of poverty, homelessness and unemployment are all interconnected. 贫穷、无家可归以及失业问题都是互相联系的。

Word: invoice
Front: invoice
[ˈɪnvɔɪs] (六雅宝 15708/7318 -1)
Vocabulary: invoice
(once / 6937 pages)
nv
An invoice is an itemized statement of the money that's owed for goods or services. If you buy books online, they will usually arrive with an invoice telling what books you bought and how much they cost.
Invoice comes from the French verb envoyer, which means to send, and "send" is a verb often used with the noun invoice, like when the online bookstore sends you an invoice. The same sense occurs when you use invoice as a verb. If you tell someone to invoice you for work you've done, you're asking them to send you a bill.
WORD FAMILY
invoice: invoiced, invoices, invoicing
USAGE EXAMPLES
A trial judge sided with the ACLU, ordering the county to produce invoices for all of the suits, and the county appealed.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Amazon and Wal-Mart require a gift’s order number for a return; Overstock requires an invoice number or shipment tracking number.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
To conceal the scheme, Torneos and co-conspirators used sham contracts and invoices, “corrupt intermediaries and bankers,” shell companies and cash, according to filings.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 发票; 发货单
v. 开发票; 记清单
时态：invoiced, invoicing, invoices
分布：发票(85%)，货物(6%)，发货单(6%)，开票(2%)，寄发票(1%)
→来自中古法语envois,派遣，送出，-s,复数后缀，来自envoyer,送出，en-,进入，使，-voy,路，词源同way,envoy.引申词义发送的货物，后用来指货物清单，发票等。拼写受voice影响俗化。
【记】in，voice（n 声音；意见）：门里有声音，好像有人在开假发票。
noun countable
■a list of things provided or work done together with their cost, for payment at a later time 发票；费用清单
• Invoices must be submitted by the 24th of every month. 发票必须在每月的24日之前交上来。
['ɪn.vɔɪs] verb transitive
■to supply an invoice 给…开发票
• We'll invoice you for parts and labour. 零件和人工费用我们将给你开发票。
n. [会计] 发票；货物；发货单
 - cargo, commodity

Word: pawn
Front: pawn
[pɔ:n] (宝 12632/12547 -1)
Vocabulary: pawn
(once / 1369 pages)
1vn 2n 3n
To pawn something is to use it as collateral when you're borrowing money. When you pawn a necklace at a pawn shop, you get cash in exchange for it with the understanding that you can buy it back later.
The benefit when you pawn something is getting cash immediately. The down side is that you'll have to pay more money — the amount you borrowed, plus interest — to get your item back. If you aren't able to do this, the pawn shop will sell it to someone else. As a noun, a pawn is the smallest, least powerful piece in a game of chess, or a description of a person who's being used or manipulated.
WORD FAMILY
pawn: pawned, pawning, pawns
USAGE EXAMPLES
She told her sisters to pawn her television set.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Neighbors still owns his first guitar, a black Fender that he purchased at a pawn shop for $300.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Police say two suspects stormed the pawn shop Tuesday afternoon to rob the place.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 典当，抵押物; （国际象棋中的）兵，卒; <比喻>爪牙; 人质
vt. 典当，抵押; 以（某事物）担保; 拿（生命，名誉等）作保证
时态：pawned, pawning, pawns
分布：典当(84%)，人质(9%)，抵押物(5%)，以 ... 为担保(2%)
→来自古法语peon,兵，卒，来自拉丁语pedonem,步兵，来自拉丁语pedis,脚，来自ped,脚，词源同foot,biped.最初用于国际象棋卒，后引申词义走卒。pawn 质押，典当
US [pɑ:n] noun
GAME PIECE 棋子
countable
■any one of the eight least valuable pieces in the game of chess which are all the same （国际象棋中的）兵，卒
countable
■a person who does not have any real power but is used by others to achieve something （无实权而被人利用的）棋子，爪牙
• The refugees are pawns in an international political dispute. 这些难民成了一场国际政治争端的棋子。
UK [pɔ:n] US [pɑ:n] noun
MONEY 金钱
in pawn
■left with a pawnbroker 被典当；当掉
• She had to put her ring in pawn to pay the bills. 为了支付帐单，她不得不当掉戒指。
UK [pɔ:n] US [pɑ:n] verb transitive
■to leave a possession with a pawnbroker, for which they give money but which they can also sell if the money is not paid back within a particular time 典当，典押，质押
• Of all items pawned, jewellery is the most common. 在所有的抵押品中最常见的是珠宝。
n. [贸易] 典当； [经] 抵押物；兵，卒；人质
 - hostage

Word: kidnapper
Front: kidnapper
['kɪdnæpə(r)] (13537/13191)
Back: n. 拐子，绑匪
分布：绑架者(92%)，拐骗者(8%)
VERB
劫持；绑架
To kidnap someone is to take them away illegally and by force, and usually to hold them prisoner in order to demand something from their family, employer, or government.
例：Police in Brazil uncovered a plot to kidnap him...巴西警方发现了有人要绑架他的阴谋。
例：They were intelligent and educated, yet they chose to kidnap and kill...他们聪明且有教养，却选择去绑架和杀人。
N-VAR
绑架罪
Kidnap or a kidnap is the crime of taking someone away by force.
例：Stewart denies attempted murder and kidnap...斯图尔特否认对其谋杀未遂和绑架的指控。
例：He was charged with the kidnap of a 25 year-old woman.他被指控绑架一名25岁的女子。
n. 绑匪；诱拐者
 - abductor

Word: unfit
Front: unfit
[ʌnˈfɪt] (高六 13433/9543 -1)
Vocabulary: unfit
(once / 613 pages)
adjv
If someone is unfit, they're not qualified. You're unfit for a job as an ice cream truck driver if your only driving experience has been steering a bumper car at an amusement park.
Farmland can be described as unfit for planting if it's been leached of nutrients, and a babysitter might be accused of being unfit if he gets distracted and loses track of his charges on the playground. In either case, the unfit thing or person doesn't meet the necessary requirements or standards. Another way to be unfit is to be out of shape or in poor physical condition. Fit can mean both "suitable" and "in good shape."
WORD FAMILY
unfit: unfitly, unfitness, unfits, unfitted, unfitting+/ fit: fitful, fitly, fitness, fits, fitted, fitter, fittest, fitting, misfit, refit, unfit / fitful: fitfully, fitfulness/ fitness: fitnesses/fitter: fitters/fitting: fittingly, fittingness, fittings, ill-fitting / misfit: misfits, misfitted, misfitting/refit: refits, refitted, refitting/unfitness: unfitnesses/unfitting: unfittingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Opposition lawmakers held up Monday’s reported police probe as a sign that Mr. Netanyahu was unfit to lead.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Followers of the eugenics campaign believed that people they deemed genetically “unfit” shouldn’t be allowed to reproduce.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Though unfit to play, he wrote that that doctor declared him eligible to return, which allowed the Bengals to release him.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 不适宜的，不适当的; 体格不佳的，不健康的
vt. 使不相宜，使不合格
时态：unfitted, unfitting, unfits
分布：不健康的(42%)，不合适的(31%)，使不合格(27%)
adjective
 ADVANCED
■not suitable or healthy; not fit 不健康的；不合适的；不相称的
• The building was declared unfit for human habitation. 这座大楼被宣布不适合人们居住。
• I used to take plenty of exercise, but now I'm terribly unfit. 我过去经常进行大量锻炼，但现在我的身体状况非常糟糕。
adj. 不适宜的；不合格的；不健康的
 - rejected, unsuited

Word: unwittingly
Front: unwittingly
[ʌnˈwɪtɪŋli] (12784/11194)
Back: adv. 不知情地; 无意地; 不经意地; 不知不觉地
分布：不知不觉地(60%)，无意地(40%)
ADJ
不知情的；不知不觉的；无意的
If you describe a person or their actions as unwitting, you mean that the person does something or is involved in something without realizing it.
例：We're unwitting victims of the system...我们都是该系统的不知情的受害者。
例：It had been an unwitting blunder on Blair's part.它曾是布莱尔的无心之失。
adv. 不知不觉地；不知情地；不经意地
 - unknowingly, unawares

Word: tatter
Front: tatter
['tætə] (-/19809)
Vocabulary: tatter
(once / 3868 pages)
n
A tatter is a raggedy end or scrap of something, particularly paper or fabric. Your crazy cat might climb the curtains every night, until there's nothing left hanging from the rod but tatters.
It's most common to find this word in its plural form, tatters. A homeless person might dress in tatters, and a serious hiker might wear a pair of socks until they're just tatters, then throw them away and put on a new pair. Tatter comes from an earlier word, tatrys, "slashed garments," which has a Scandinavian root and is related to words like the Old Norse töturr, "rags."
WORD FAMILY
tatter: tatters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The news was devastating: I assumed a lifetime of “difference” and exclusion, all my aspirations for my child seemingly in tatters.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
While the pundit class all said the Republican party was being torn apart by this election, it is the Democratic Party that is in tatters.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Tensions with Moscow led Russia to hike energy prices, leaving the Georgian economy in tatters.
Slate(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 碎布; 破布条; 破旧的衣服; 崩溃
vt. 扯碎，撕碎，使破烂
vi. 变得破烂
分布：使破烂(38%)，变得破烂(25%)，碎纸(25%)，破布(12%)
vt. 扯碎；撕碎；使破烂
 - rip up, tear to pieces

Word: phantom
Front: phantom
[ˈfæntəm] (宝 15362/14813 -1)
Vocabulary: phantom
(once / 686 pages)
nadj
Look over there, across the room. Is that a phantom, some weary soul come back from the dead to haunt you? Maybe it’s a shadow, or maybe it’s a ghost. Either way, turn on a light and it’ll disappear. Hopefully.
Sleeping is difficult if there’s a phantom in your room, because who can rest with ghosts around? Some phantoms are real, but phantom can also be used to mean "a trick of the mind," like hearing a person outside your window, but then realizing it’s only the phantom rustling of leaves in a tree. Phantom limb is when someone loses an arm or leg, but their brain can still feel where their limb used to be.
WORD FAMILY
phantom: phantomly, phantoms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lovell spent four years as a test pilot and later was the program manager for the F4H Phantom Fighter jet.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
These "phantom breaches" and account takeovers were proving tempting for criminal hackers, said Mr Newman.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
How about marginal tax rates, or too big to fail, or international trade, or the phantom stimulus spending “multiplier”?
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 幻影; 幽灵; 错觉; 恐惧的事物
adj. 幽灵似的; 幻影的，虚幻的; 虚构的
分布：幽灵(59%)，幻影(26%)，幽灵的(8%)，幻影的(5%)，错觉的(2%)
→来自拉丁语phantasma,幽灵，鬼魂，词源同phantasm.
显现;幽灵(phan+tom)[phan=show,表示"显示"]
【记】phan显现，tom征兆－有显现的征兆－幻觉
US [-tˌəm] noun countable
■a spirit of a dead person believed by some to visit the living as a pale, almost transparent form of a person, animal or other object; a ghost 幽灵；鬼魂
• A phantom coach is said to pass through the grounds of this house when there's a full moon. 据说月圆时一辆幽灵马车就会驶过这栋房子的庭院。
• humorous The phantom wine-drinker has been around - this was almost a full bottle when I put it in the fridge (= an unknown person has been drinking the wine) ! 附近一定有嗜酒幽灵出没——我把酒放进冰箱时还几乎是满满的一瓶！
UK ['fæn.təm] US [-tˌəm] adjective [before noun]
■describes something that you imagine exists or that appears to exist, although in fact it does not 幻觉的；幻影的；虚假的
• Although she had to have her leg amputated, she still feels as though she's got a phantom limb. 尽管不得已把一条腿截去了，但她仍觉得自己仿佛有条虚幻的腿。
• They discovered it was a phantom organization set up for the processing of drug profits. 他们发现这只是一个遮人耳目、处理毒品利润的组织。
• UK Although she grew bigger and felt ill, she later discovered it was a phantom (USfalse)pregnancy. 尽管她肚子越来越大了且感到恶心，但后来却发现自己是精神性假怀孕。
n. 幽灵； [摄] 幻影；虚位
 - shadow, apparition
adj. 幽灵的； [心理] 幻觉的；有名无实的
 - spectral, ghostly

Word: aghast
Front: aghast
[əˈgɑ:st] (托宝 17120/15561)
Vocabulary: aghast
(once / 1457 pages)
adj
Would you be aghast, or shocked, to find out that your friends believe in ghosts, or would you share their frightened, or aghast, looks when a floating white being hovers over the campfire?
Aghast comes from Old English gasten, "frighten," which comes in turn from gāst, "ghost." If you've seen a look of absolute shock or terror on someone's face — like when your mom (or dad) sees a mouse — you can describe the look with the adjective aghast. If someone says "You should have seen the look on your face!" after sneaking up on you, you probably looked aghast yourself. "Boo!"
WORD FAMILY
aghast
USAGE EXAMPLES
When the deployments became public, Burundian activists were aghast.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Obama was as aghast as anyone when Trump upended the establishment and confounded the wisdom of pollsters to defeat Hillary Clinton last month.
The Guardian(Dec 04, 2016)
He showed up still wearing his football coaching attire, and his wife, Angela, was aghast.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: adj. 惊呆的; 吓呆的; 被…吓呆; 被吓得目瞪口呆
分布：惊骇的(50%)，吓呆的(50%)
→前缀a-, 加强。-ghast同ghost, 见鬼了。
【源】源自ghost n 鬼，幽灵
US [-'gæst] adjective [after verb]
■suddenly filled with strong feelings of shock and worry 吓呆的，惊骇的
• He looked at her aghast. 他惊恐地看着她。
adj. 吓呆的，惊骇的；吃惊的
 - astonished, appalled

Word: wrinkle
Front: wrinkle
[ˈrɪŋkl] (高研六托雅宝 7819/14095 -1)
Vocabulary: wrinkle
(once / 468 pages)
nv
If you work to iron a stubborn wrinkle out of your shirt, you're trying to smooth out a crease. A wrinkle is a dent or line where that smoothness is interrupted.
You might fret about a wrinkle in your skirt or a new wrinkle on your face. Another kind of wrinkle is more figurative: a small complication or problem that arises suddenly. You could describe a torrential rain storm as a wrinkle in your plan to film a sunny scene in your movie, for example. The Old English root is gewrinclod, "wrinkled, crooked, or winding," and it comes from the verb wrinclian, "to wind."
WORD FAMILY
wrinkle: wrinkled, wrinkleless, wrinkles, wrinkling+/wrinkled: unwrinkled, wrinkleder
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in the meantime, Trump’s election added another wrinkle to the company’s ownership situation.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A wrinkled easy chair in the corner stayed empty.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Those few years may be the only wrinkle in his otherwise smooth ascent.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 皱纹; 妙计，窍门
vt. 使起皱纹
vi. 起皱纹
时态：wrinkled, wrinkling, wrinkles
分布：皱纹(60%)，起皱(24%)，方法(8%)，使起皱纹(7%)，皱着(1%)
→来自wer,弯，转，拧，词源同wring,wrench。用于指皱纹。
n.皱纹v.起皱,皱眉She has got wrinkles around her eyes.她的眼睛周围起皱纹了.
【记】wr＝wry（v 扭曲），nkle＝ankle（n 踝）：扭脚脖子的时候会造成－皱纹
noun countable
LINE 纹
■a small line in the skin caused by old age （年老时皮肤上的）皱纹
• fine wrinkles around the eyes 眼晴周围的细纹
• anti-wrinkle creams 抗皱霜
■a small line or fold in cloth （布料上的）褶皱
['rɪŋ.kl] noun countable
PROBLEM 问题 informal
■a problem, usually a small one 小问题；小麻烦
• There are still a few wrinkles to iron out (= solve) before the agreement can be signed. 在协议签订之前还有一些小问题需要解决。
['rɪŋ.kl] verb intransitive or transitive
■If skin or material wrinkles, or if something wrinkles it, it gets small lines or folds in it （使）起皱纹；（使）起褶皱
• Sunbathing can prematurely age and wrinkle the skin. 日光浴会使皮肤提早老化、产生皱纹。
wrinkle your brow
■to make folds appear on your face above your eyes to show that you are surprised or confused 皱眉（表示惊讶或疑惑）
wrinkle (up) your nose
■to show that you dislike something or that you disapprove of something by tightening the muscles in your nose so that small lines appear in the skin 皱起鼻子（表示不喜欢或不赞成）
• She wrinkled up her nose at the strange smell coming from the kitchen. 闻到厨房飘来的怪味，她皱起了鼻子。
• Amy wrinkled her nose in disapproval. 艾咪皱起鼻子以示反对。
wrinkle, fold
这组词都有“使皱”的意思，其区别是：
wrinkle: 指使某物起折痕或把某物弄皱。
fold: 指对折或叠若干次。
n. 皱纹
 - rugosity, plication
vi. 起皱
 - crease
vt. 使起皱纹
 - frounce

Word: buddy
Front: buddy
[ˈbʌdi] (托 4109/15350 -1)
Vocabulary: buddy
(once / 1736 pages)
n
A buddy is a good friend. Your best buddy in elementary school may still be a good buddy when you graduate from high school.
If you love to hang out with a certain friend, she's your buddy. You could also call her your pal or your chum. Sometimes when kids are new in school, a teacher will ask another student to be their buddy — to help them feel comfortable and welcome. The word first appeared in the mid-19th century in the US, either as slang for brother or from the British butty, or "companion."
WORD FAMILY
buddy: buddies
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Philadelphia Eagles expect their quarterback to be as successful as his new hunting buddy after finishing his rookie season strong.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He urged shop owners to form a buddy system and help each other keep watch.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Rejoice: After three years away, the hit BBC series “Sherlock” is back for three new episodes of buddy comedy and intrigue.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 密友，好友; 同伴，搭档; 互相帮助的朋友; [名]巴迪
vi. 交朋友; 做朋友
分布：伙伴(64%)，好朋友(17%)，兄弟(14%)，结交(5%)
→来自brother的昵称。
noun countable informal
■a friend 朋友
• Bob and I have been great buddies for years. 我和鲍勃是多年的好友。
■(also bud) US
■used to address another man, especially if annoyed （用于称呼另一男士，尤用于表示不满时）老兄
• Drink up and go home, buddy. 老兄，喝完快回家吧。
■someone who provides friendly help to someone with an illness or a problem 助人者，伙伴，朋友
• We run a buddy system to support recovering alcoholics. 我们建立了一个伙伴制，以帮助日渐康复的酗酒者。
['bʌd.i] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  buddy up informal
■to become friends with someone 与某人成为朋友
• He quickly buddied up with Jan's husband. 他很快就与简的丈夫成了朋友。
n. 伙伴，好朋友；密友；小男孩
 - partner, comrade, familiar, mates
vi. 做好朋友，交朋友
 - make friends

Word: copycat
Front: copycat
[ˈkɒpikæt] (19280/37512)
Vocabulary: copycat
(once / 22906 pages)
n
Someone who mimics what you do or say is a copycat. If your little brother orders fettuccine Alfredo after you've already ordered it, you might call him a copycat.
The word copycat is a lighthearted, gently derogatory word for a person who imitates someone else. If you love your friend's red shoes so much that you run out and buy identical ones, she might call you a copycat. When a criminal commits a crime that exactly follows the pattern of a previous crime, newspapers often refer to it as a copycat crime. The word has been in use in the United States since at least the 1880s.
WORD FAMILY
copycat: copycats
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Berlin massacre was a copycat of a terrorist attack in Nice, France.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Professor Griffiths favors the copycat explanation for the sudden proliferation of fake “killer clowns” in Britain.
New York Times(Oct 11, 2016)
Whatever legislation New York passes could wind up being the blueprint for copycat laws elsewhere.
Salon(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 盲目模仿者
分布：山寨(41%)，模仿的(34%)，盲目模仿(14%)，盲目的模仿者(11%)
US ['kɑ:.pi-] noun countable child's word
■someone who has few ideas of their own and does or says exactly the same as someone else （指缺乏主见的）模仿者；好跟人学的人；抄袭者
• You're just a copycat! 你只会学别人！
UK ['kɒp.i.kæt] US ['kɑ:.pi-] adjective
■done or made to be very similar to something else 模仿的，仿效的；抄袭的
• In the market you can buy affordable copycat (= very similar) versions of expensive perfumes. 你可以在市场上买到廉价的冒牌昂贵香水。
■describes a crime that is believed to have been influenced by another, often famous, crime because it is so similar （犯罪）模仿性的；受其他犯罪影响的
• copycat murders 模仿性凶杀
n. 无主见的人；盲目的模仿者
 - softhead

Word: calibrate
Front: calibrate
[ˈkælɪbreɪt] (宝 14027/20597)
Vocabulary: calibrate
(once / 11891 pages)
1v 2v
The word calibrate means making precise measurement. For example, you might want to calibrate your bathroom scale now and then to be sure it’s adjusted for exact weight. Or calibrate it to read five pounds light. We won't tell.
To find the origin of calibrate, we must look at its root, caliber, which appeared in the late 15th Century Middle French as calibre, meaning "a degree of importance." Linguists trace that word to an Arabic beginning, the word qalib, which referred to a mold for making bullets. That meaning seems to have carried over to our word, the verb calibrate, which first meant to measure the range of a projectile such as a bullet or shell.
WORD FAMILY
calibrate: calibrated, calibrates, calibrating, calibration+/ caliber: calibers, calibrate /calibration: calibrations
USAGE EXAMPLES
That modesty is crucial to the poetry of “Paterson,” as is the precisely calibrated internal meter of Jarmusch’s screenplay.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The trade-off is that the amount of hassle is precisely calibrated to just how much you are willing to pay.
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
Tough U.S. steps against China would likely prompt calibrated retaliatory moves by Beijing, economists and foreign trade analysts said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 校准; 使标准化; 使合标准; 测量（枪的）口径
时态：calibrated, calibrating, calibrates
分布：校准(94%)，测定口径(4%)，使标准化(2%)
→来自阿拉伯语qalib, 模子，进入英语指标准义。
【记】ca开，lib＝lip，rate：把嘴唇打开测量口径。
【参】calibre（n 口径；品德；才能）；calipers（n 测径器，双脚规）
【反】unstandardized/unsubstantialized（adj 未校准的）－calibrated（校准的）
VERB
校定，校准，调节(计量器具)
If you calibrate an instrument or tool, you mark or adjust it so that you can use it to measure something accurately.
例：...instructions on how to calibrate a thermometer.如何标定温度计的说明
例：...a calibrated hypodermic syringe.标定精确刻度的皮下注射器
VERB
精确测量;准确估量
If you calibrate something, you measure it accurately.
例：...a way of calibrating the shift of opinion within the Labour Party...准确衡量工党内部观点转变的方法
例：Pesticide levels in food are simply too difficult to calibrate.食品中杀虫剂的含量很难精确测定。
vt. 校正；调整；测定口径
 - adjust, update, coordinate

Word: dignify
Front: dignify
[ˈdɪgnɪfaɪ] (托 25877/34575)
Vocabulary: dignify
(once / 388 pages)
v
To dignify is to grant nobility or respect to something. Dignifying raises the status of things.
Dignity is a quality of honor and respect, so to dignify is to give greater respect and honor to something or someone. The presence of the President would dignify a military ceremony. Medals are given to dignify soldiers. Treating people with respect and taking them seriously dignifies them. Often, this word is used in a negative sense, as in "I wouldn't dignify him with an answer!" That means the speaker doesn't feel the person asking the question deserves respect.
WORD FAMILY
dignify: dignified, dignifies, dignifying+/ dignified: dignifiedly, undignified/undignified: undignifiedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then David Moyes, ever dignified, will address the players, speak to a group who let him down so badly.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
There is the dignified Marquand House, where Malcolm Kerr lived when he was a young professor and returned to when he became president.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
It’s a dignified, orderly canvas — and that, to Adams’s mind, was the problem.
Washington Post(Oct 18, 2016)
Back: vt. 使显得威严; 使高贵; 使显赫; 夸大
时态：dignified, dignifying, dignifies
分布：使高贵(40%)，抬高…的身价(20%)，使增辉(20%)，将…美其名为(20%)
→来自dignity, 高贵。
使…高贵(dign+ify...化)[dign=worthy,noble,表示"值得,高贵"]
verb transitive
■to cause something to be valued and respected 使…受到重视；使…受到尊重
■to cause something to be valued and respected when that is not deserved 抬举，抬高
• I'm not even going to dignify that stupid question with an answer. 这么愚蠢的问题我才懒得回答呢。

Word: geology
Front: geology
[dʒiˈɒlədʒi] (研四六雅 11449/7403 -1)
Vocabulary: geology
(once / 409 pages)
n
Geology is the study of the Earth and what it's made of, including its natural history.
Just as biology is the study of earth's life forms, geology is the study of the earth itself. Geology tells us where lakes once were, where volcanoes erupted, where glaciers pushed up mountains and then melted. Geologists — people who study geology — tell us where to find oil, coal and diamonds and then they explain how they got there. If you find the natural world beautiful and interesting, you might enjoy studying geology.
WORD FAMILY
geology: geologic, geological, geologies, geologist +/geological: geologically/ geologist: geologists
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is geology, ecology, meteorology, economics, and many other disciplines rolled into one.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
He graduated from the University of Oregon, where he played football and earned a degree in geology.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Zinke graduated from the University of Oregon, where he played football and earned a degree in geology.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 地质学; （某地区的）地质情况; 地质学的著作
分布：地质学(98%)，地质学的著作(2%)
→geo-, 地，地球。-logy, 学说。
地质学(geo地+log+y)[log=science,表示"科学,学科"]
n.地质(学)The jogger made an analytical analogy between the ecology and geology.慢跑者在生态学和地质学之间进行了分析类比.
US [-'ɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the study of the rocks and similar substances that make up the Earth's surface 地质学
• a geology course/teacher 地质学课程／教师
the geology of somewhere
■the particular rocks and similar substances that form an area of the Earth, and their arrangement （某地区的）地质（情况）
n. [地质] 地质学；地质情况
 - geologic map, geognosy

Word: humdrum
Front: humdrum
[ˈhʌmdrʌm] (雅宝 25248/19982)
Vocabulary: humdrum
(once / 4938 pages)
adjn
That class on 18th century feminist zoologists and their favorite poets? Surprisingly humdrum, or dull, tedious, and totally boring.
Anything that you can call humdrum is so severely lacking in variety and excitement that it's sure to make you hum and drum your fingers out of boredom. Humdrum is an adjective to describe the unglamorous monotony of everyday routines. It's the same old thing, again and again, over and over. Humdrum can also mean predictable, mind-numbing and not very challenging — hopefully the complete opposite of your social life.
WORD FAMILY
humdrum: humdrumly, humdrums
USAGE EXAMPLES
“And the tone of the creative was clever and outside the box for something as humdrum as taxes.”
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
There are no factories or the humdrum of trade.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
It somehow qualified as a humdrum effort for him.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 乏味的，平凡的
分布：单调的(45%)，无聊(25%)，乏味的(25%)，乏味的谈话(5%)
→hum,嗡嗡叫，-drum,由hum杜撰出来的同韵词。引申义乏味的，单调的。
【记】hum（n 嗡嗡声），drum（n 鼓声）－嗡嗡的鼓声一单调的
adjective
■having no excitement, interest or new and different events; ordinary 乏味的；单调的；令人厌倦的
• We lead such a humdrum life/existence. 我们的生活／日子过得真是乏味。
• Most of the work is fairly humdrum. 这工作大部分都相当单调。
adj. 单调的；无聊的
 - flat, blank, boring, monotonous
n. 单调；乏味
 - monotonousness, prosiness

Word: flux
Front: flux
[flʌks] (六托雅宝 9830/9034 -1)
Vocabulary: flux
(once / 1304 pages)
1n 2nv 3n 4v
The noun flux describes something that constantly changes. If your likes, dislikes, attitudes, dreams, and even friends are changing all the time, you may be in flux.
Flux can also mean being unsure about a decision. Suppose you just had a great job interview and suddenly your friend invites you to go to Australia with her. You don't know what to do because you don't want to miss a call about the job — or Sydney! You're in flux until you hear from the potential employer. Another kind of flux is liquid moving or flowing, like the flux of water under a sheet of melting ice.
WORD FAMILY
flux: fluxed, fluxes, fluxing, fluxion, influx +/fluxion: fluxions/ influx: influxes
USAGE EXAMPLES
The international order is now in a state of flux for many reasons.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Through scathing glances at bigotry and class hierarchy, Jude conjures a world in flux and connects that world, unforgettably, to our own.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“But the ocean is all about flux and turbulence and movement.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. [物]流量; 流出; 熔解; 不断的变动
v. 熔化; 熔解; 流出
时态：fluxed, fluxing, fluxes
分布：流量(55%)，助熔剂(14%)，变迁(11%)，熔化(10%)，使泻(4%)，涨(4%)，使熔化(2%)
→来自拉丁语fluere, 流动，词源同fluent. 引申持续流动，改变，变迁。
流动;变迁(flu+x;注意：flex弯曲,flax亚麻)[flu=flow,表示"流动"]
【记】flu流；参：fluxion（n 流动；不断的变化；消失）
noun uncountable
CHANGE 变化
■continuous change 不断的变动，不停的变化
• Our plans are in a state of flux at the moment. 我们的计划目前处在不断变化之中。
[flʌks] noun uncountable
SUBSTANCE 物质 specialized
■a substance added to a metal to make it easier to solder (= join by melting) to another metal （助）熔剂
n. [流] [机] 流量；变迁；不稳定；流出
 - issue, instability
vt. 使熔融；用焊剂处理
 - fuse
vi. 熔化；流出
 - discharge, issue, shed

Word: indulgent
Front: indulgent
[ɪnˈdʌldʒənt] (17363/18868 -1)
Vocabulary: indulgent
(once / 1120 pages)
adj
Someone who is self-indulgent gives themselves a lot of treats. Parents who are indulgent cave to every desire their child expresses. Indulgent means lenient, or overly generous.
Indulgent is a word that, here in Puritanical North America, is hard to know how to take. Is it okay to “indulge yourself” as so many spa advertisements suggest? Or is indulgent always associated with excess? You can indulge fantasies of figuring out the answer, or you can give in to an indulgent shrug and move on to another word.
WORD FAMILY
indulgent: indulgently, nonindulgent, overindulgent, self-indulgent+/self-indulgent: self-indulgently
USAGE EXAMPLES
I said I was an optimist; I didn’t say I was indulgent.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Sales of custard creams and the humble digestive biscuit are crumbing as Britons opt for healthier and more indulgent treats.
BBC(Dec 06, 2016)
They were very Catholic and – according to friends – indulgent.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 放纵的，纵容的; 宽容的; 任性的
分布：溺爱的(33%)，纵容的(29%)，宽容的(29%)，任性的(9%)
→来自indulgent,纵容，放纵。
【反】martinet（严格执行纪律的人）－indulgent individual（放纵者）ascetic（adj 苦行的）；Draconian（adj 严峻的）；spartan（adj 节俭的）
adjective
■allowing someone to have or do what they want, especially when this is not good for them 迁就的；纵容的；宽容的
• indulgent relatives 受到纵容亲戚
• an indulgent smile 宽容的微笑
• He had been a strict father but was indulgent to/towards his grandchildren. 他曾是个严厉的父亲，但对孙子孙女却很娇惯。
adj. 放纵的；宽容的；任性的
 - kind, tolerant, luxurious

Word: lyric
Front: lyric
[ˈlɪrɪk] (托宝 15249/8894 -2)
Vocabulary: lyric
(once / 460 pages)
1adjn 2adjnv
The word lyric claims its emotional place in music and poetry, with the words to a song being called the lyrics, while A lyric poem is one steeped in personal emotions, making it song-like.
As with many artistic terms, the word lyric derives from the Greek, specifically from lyrikós, meaning "singing to the lyre," and today’s meanings are also rooted in the idea of music. The lyric poem was first seen in the late 16th Century, while the reference to a song’s words as lyrics appeared in 1876. If every one of your poems starts with the word "I," you might be a lyric poet.
WORD FAMILY
lyric: lyrical, lyricism, lyricist, lyrics, lyrist+/ lyrical: lyricality, lyrically/lyricist: lyricists/lyrist: lyrists
USAGE EXAMPLES
As the songwriters strummed guitars and punched lyrics into their phones, Pine’s children splashed in a swimming pool and a chef prepared brick-oven pizzas.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
She even stopped singing her song Emotions, instead pacing the stage and telling the audience to finish the lyrics for her.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
She even stopped singing her song "Emotions," paced the stage and told the audience to finish the lyrics for her.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 抒情的，抒情诗的; 感情丰富的; 歌喉柔美的; 音乐剧的
n. 抒情诗; 歌词
分布：抒情诗(50%)，歌词(39%)，抒情的(11%)
→来自lyra,里拉琴，引申词义抒情的。
抒情诗[lyr=lute(笛子)]
【记】源于抒情诗人李瑞克！
【参】panegyric（n 颂词）；pa怕，neg否定，yric＝lyric：怕否定的抒情诗－肯定的抒情诗－颂词。
noun
lyrics [plural]
■the words of a song, especially a pop song （尤指流行歌曲的）歌词
• Paul Simon writes the lyrics for most of his songs. 保罗‧赛门的歌大多都是他自己写的词。
countable
■a short poem which expresses the personal thoughts and feelings of the person who wrote it 抒情诗
['lɪr.ɪk] adjective
■(especially of poetry and songs) expressing personal thoughts and feelings （尤指诗歌和歌曲）抒情的
• William Wordsworth wrote lyric poetry/was a lyric poet. 威廉‧华兹华斯创作抒情诗／是一位抒情诗人。

Word: mollify
Front: mollify
[ˈmɒlɪfaɪ] (托宝 21490/21154)
Vocabulary: mollify
(once / 3405 pages)
v
To mollify is to calm someone down, talk them off the ledge, make amends, maybe even apologize.
Mollify comes from the Latin mollificare to "make soft," and that's still at the heart the word. When you mollify someone, you smooth things over, even if you're maybe still a little mad: "I was angry that the guy took my seat, but I was mollified when he offered me one closer to the band." Unlike the sharp sounds of antagonize, there are only soft sounds in this word that means to make someone feel soft and cuddly. Although dryer sheets might soften your clothes, they don't mollify them (unless your clothes were really mad at you before).
WORD FAMILY
mollify: mollification, mollified, mollifies, mollifying+/mollification: mollifications
USAGE EXAMPLES
But that pledge did little to mollify lawmakers worried about his existing financial ties and the global reach of his business.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Glenn warned that adding the Tubman and Douglass depictions would not mollify critics who want to see the Taney statue removed from the grounds.
Washington Post(Dec 04, 2016)
Mr. Kabila attempted to mollify the opposition with a “national dialogue” that led to the appointment of a new prime minister.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 使变软，使平静，抚慰
时态：mollified, mollifying, mollifies
分布：安抚(44%)，平息(40%)，安慰(16%)
→来自拉丁语mollis,软的，词源同melt,-fy,使。即使软下来，引申词义使平静，抚慰。
抚慰;变软(moll+ify化→软化→抚慰)[moll=soft,表示"软"]
【记】moll软，抚摸，ify－软化－使脾气软化－安慰
【参】molest（v 骚乱；调戏）；mollusk（n 软体动物）
【反】ire（n 忿怒）；rouse（v 唤醒；激起）；disaffect（v 使不满意）；antagonize（v 敌对）；discommode（v 使为难）；vex（v 使烦恼）；discomfit（v 扰乱）；bait（v 欺负；折磨）；nettle＝rankle＝exasperate＝pique（v 激怒）
US ['mɑ:.lɪ-] verb transitive
■to make someone less angry or upset 使平静；抚慰
• I tried to mollify her by giving her flowers. 我试图送花来抚慰她。
vt. 平息，缓和；使…平静；使…变软
 - relax, assuage

Word: propagate
Front: propagate
[ˈprɒpəgeɪt] (六托雅宝 11865/10193 -1)
Vocabulary: propagate
(once / 813 pages)
1v 2v 3v
To propagate is to be fruitful and multiply, by the usual routes of reproduction, or by spreading something around — like a rumor.
Propagate comes from the Latin word propagare, which means to "reproduce plants, breed." Plants love to propagate, especially when someone with a green thumb starts off with a jade plant stem in water and ends up with a garden full of the succulents. Plants aren't the only things to propagate like bunnies: In the movie Twelve Monkeys, a virus propagates quickly, killing almost everyone in the world. Sound and light can also spread, or propagate, through the air.
WORD FAMILY
propagate: propagated, propagates, propagating, propagation, propagative, propagator+/ propagation: propagations/propagator: propagators
USAGE EXAMPLES
According to Breitbart, those propagating hate were no more genuinely bigoted than 1980s heavy metal fans genuinely worshiped Satan.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
For the system to continue to propagate, all parts need to be present.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
This is a fallacy propagated by rejectionists of Israel and accepted unquestioningly by the international diplomatic community.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 繁衍，增殖; 使遗传; 扩散; 使蔓延
vi. 繁殖; 扩大; [物] 通过媒介传送
时态：propagated, propagating, propagates
分布：传播(65%)，繁殖(21%)，增殖(7%)，传送(7%)
→来自拉丁语propagare,延伸，扩展，繁殖，来自pro-,向前，-pag,固定，词源同page,compact.比喻用法，原指使植物新芽繁殖，扩大种植，引申词义宣传，传播。
【记】pro前，pa趴，gate门－向前趴在门上，联想上宿舍推销的人员－传播－一个传播一个－繁殖
【参】propel（v 推进；驱使）；propeller（n 推进者；推进物）
【反】fail to multiply（不能繁殖）；check（v 阻碍）
US ['prɑ:.pə-] verb
GROW 生长
intransitive or transitive
■to produce a new plant from a parent plant （使）（植物）繁殖
• Most house plants can be propagated from stem cuttings. 大多数室内植物都能由切下来的茎繁殖。
• Plants needs certain conditions to propagate. 植物需要一定的条件才能繁殖。
intransitive or transitive formal
■(of a plant or animal) to reproduce （动植物）繁殖，繁衍
UK ['prɒp.ə.geɪt] US ['prɑ:.pə-] verb
SPREAD 散播
transitive formal
■to spread opinions, lies or religions among a lot of people 传播，散播；宣传
• The government have tried to propagate the belief that this is a just war. 政府竭力宣扬这是一场正义之战。
• Such lies are propagated in the media. 这样的谎言透过媒体传播开来。
distribute, propagate, spread, circulate
这组词都有“传播，散播”的意思，其区别是：
distribute: 指把一定数量的东西分成若干等份进行分发。
propagate: 指自觉地努力推广，也指宣传或散布。
spread: 普通用词，使用广泛。指传播疾病、思想、文化、习惯或谣言等。
circulate: 既指某物在一物体内循环流动，又可指在一定范围内传播物品、刊物或思想、语言等。
vt. 传播；传送；繁殖；宣传
 - breed, transmit
vi. 繁殖；增殖
 - breed, increase

Word: picnic
Front: picnic
[ˈpɪknɪk] (中高研四雅 5619/6512 -2)
Vocabulary: picnic
(once / 860 pages)
nv
A picnic is a meal that you eat outside. For your birthday, you might take a picnic lunch (including celebratory cupcakes) to a nearby beach with some friends.
You can use the word picnic for both the occasion — "Let's go on a picnic!" — and for the meal itself: "I am packing the best picnic to take on our hike." It's also a verb, meaning "to eat outside." And when a friend describes a difficult task and adds, "It was no picnic," they mean to emphasize how hard it was — the opposite of an easy, breezy picnic.
WORD FAMILY
picnic: picknicker, picniced, picnicing, picnicked, picnicker, picnicking, picnics+/picknicker: picknickers/picnicker: picnickers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The family often picnics at Central Park and plays board games around their new table.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Sigler recalled visiting the property for a Labor Day picnic last year and “drinking copious amounts of Russian vodka.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Last fall, the neighborhood planned to move an annual neighborhood picnic and I replied that I wouldn’t be able to attend if the date changed.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 野餐郊游; 供野餐吃的食品; 猪的肩肉; 轻松的工作
vi. 去野餐，参加野餐; 野餐式地用餐; 在户外用餐
vt. 用野餐招待
时态：picnicked, picnicking, picnic
分布：野餐(98%)，愉快的时间(1%)，猪脊肉(1%)
→来自法语pique-nique,来自pique,捡，拾，词源同pick.nique可能为pique同韵构词。用以指过去每个人准备一份食物的聚餐社交活动，可在室内，也可以室外，但现仅指室外野餐。
n.野餐v.(去)野餐In the fiction, the victim of the conflict pictured the picnic after victory.在小说中,冲突中的受害者描绘了胜利后的野餐.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■an occasion when you take a meal with you to eat outside in an informal way, or the food itself 野餐；供野餐吃的食物
• If the weather's nice we could have a picnic in the park. 天气好的话我们就能去公园野餐。
• Why don't you take a picnic with you? 你为甚么不带着野餐时吃的东西？
• a picnic area/lunch/table 野餐区域／野外午餐／野餐桌
• a picnic basket/hamper 野餐篮
['pɪk.nɪk] noun countable
be no picnic informal
■to be a difficult or unpleasant situation 不是轻松愉快的事
• Being a single parent is no picnic, I can tell you. 我跟你说，做个单亲父母绝非易事。
['pɪk.nɪk] verb intransitive (picnicking, picnicked, picnicked)
■to have a picnic somewhere 去野餐
• There were several families picnicking on the river bank. 有几家人在河岸上野餐。
n. 野餐
 - junket

Word: nip
Vocabulary: nip
(once / 1361 pages)
1vn 2n 3n 4n
A nip is a tiny bite, a cold feeling, or a strong taste on your tongue. It’s also a verb for pinching or biting something, but not always in a bad way.
Being nipped now and then isn’t a big deal. If a puppy nips your finger, no worries. The cold morning nip when you get out of bed is uncomfortable, but put on socks and you’re fine. Nipping can be a good thing sometimes, like in the phrase “nip it in the bud,” which means stopping a poor behavior or activity when it first starts. A nip can also mean a small sip of something, like hot chocolate — which is a good idea if you’re feeling a nip of a cold draft.
WORD FAMILY
nip: nipped, nipper, nipping, nippy, nips+/nipper: nippers/nipping: nippingly/nippy: nippier, nippiest, nippily
USAGE EXAMPLES
And it called for more resources for Ofsted to conduct quality checks, and greater readiness to intervene to nip local problems in the bud.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
In the days that followed the arrests, French authorities congratulated themselves on nipping in the bud what they called a “deadly” plot.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Ahmed was heard to say in a phone message: "Listen to this guy, something needs to be done, it needs nipped in the bud."
BBC(Dec 03, 2016)

Word: pulpit
Front: pulpit
[ˈpʊlpɪt] (宝 9905/12123 -1)
Vocabulary: pulpit
(once / 543 pages)
n
If you go into a church and see a minister speaking from a high platform, he's speaking from the pulpit.
Pulpit was originally used to refer to the platform in a church that a preacher speaks from, but we often use it metaphorically for any kind of preaching, whether it's religious or not. If someone is trying to tell everyone else how to live, they're speaking from the pulpit, whether they're preaching the embrace of root vegetables or warning us that we will be attacked by aliens.
WORD FAMILY
pulpit: pulpits
USAGE EXAMPLES
The final days are Obama’s last chance to define his presidency before he loses the bully pulpit and cedes his legacy to historians.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
These officials should use the bully pulpit and negotiation skills to achieve fantastic outcomes for Washingtonians.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
His bizarre ideas, already widely disseminated through his media platforms, now will enjoy access to the bully pulpit of the American presidency.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. （教堂中的）讲坛，神职人员（教士牧师）; 高架操纵台; （捕鲸船的）标枪舌; 〈英俚〉飞机驾驶员座位
分布：讲道坛(100%)
→来自拉丁语pulpitum,讲经台，小讲坛，词源不详。可能来自ped,脚，词源同foot,pilot.字母d,l音变，比较pilot.
【记】pulp果酱，it他：他一边吃果酱一边在讲坛上传教。
noun countable
■a raised place in a church, with steps leading up to it, from which the priest speaks to the people during a religious ceremony 讲道坛
n. 讲道坛；高架操纵台；神职人员
 - clergy, priestess

Word: royalist
Front: royalist
[ˈrɔɪəlɪst] (26000/22581 -1)
Back: n. 保皇主义者，保皇党成员; 保皇党人
adj. 保皇主义的; 保皇党人的; 同“royalistic”
分布：保皇主义者(67%)，保皇主义的(33%)
→royal,君主的，-ist,人。
noun countable
■a person who supports a ruling king or queen or who believes that a king or queen should rule their country 君主主义者；保皇主义者

Word: swine
Front: swine
[swaɪn] (宝 15358/12337)
Vocabulary: swine
(once / 1088 pages)
n
A swine is a pig or a big ol’ nasty hog. Swine have short legs, thick bodies, and they eat just about anything. If someone acts like a pig, call him a swine.
Although it’s old fashioned, the word swine comes in handy if you need another word for hog, like if you’re really into writing poems about pigs. Swine — which is also the plural form, like fish — are common farm animals. Some are eaten as bacon, some are kept as pets. Swine themselves are omnivorous, so they'll eat meat, vegetables, or, well, garbage.
WORD FAMILY
swine: swines, swinish+/swinish: swinishly
USAGE EXAMPLES
African swine fever is not transmitted to humans.
Reuters(Dec 13, 2016)
Since 1997, 40 million hens, cows, goats, pigs and sheep have been slaughtered to contain outbreaks including swine flu, foot-and-mouth disease and BSE.
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
The book charts his descent into conspiracy theories about African swine fever.
New York Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. <旧>猪; <俚>讨厌鬼; 下流坯; 讨厌的人
分布：猪(87%)，令人不快的人或事(13%)
→来自古英语 swin,来自 Proto-Germanic*swinan,来自 su,猪，词源同 sow.
【记】s死，wine（n 葡萄酒）：象猪一样喝死在葡萄酒里面。
noun countable
PERSON 人 (plural swine or swines) old-fashioned
■a person who you consider to be extremely unpleasant and unkind 色鬼，下流坯子
• You filthy swine! 你这个无耻下流的色鬼！
• Her ex-husband sounds like an absolute swine. 她的前夫说起话来简直就像个不折不扣的下流痞子。
[swaɪn] noun countable
ANIMAL 动物 (plural swine) old use or specialized
■a pig 猪
n. [畜牧] 猪；卑贱的人
 - pig, piggery

Word: steak
Front: steak
[steɪk] (高研六托雅 4634/7171 -2)
Vocabulary: steak
(once / 1262 pages)
n
If you order steak at a restaurant, you'll probably be served a thick piece of cooked meat.
Although most people use the noun steak to mean a slice of grilled or broiled beef, it can be used to talk about any kind of meat or fish. Many people like to cook tuna steaks on the grill or order a medium-rare T-bone steak at a restaurant. Since the fifteenth century, steak has meant "thick slice of meat," from the Old Norse root word steik, "roast meat."
WORD FAMILY
steak: steaks
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said he became an expert at preparing Japanese-style sizzling steaks at patrons’ tables.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“It used to be just, ‘Red or white?’ and ‘Steak or lobster?’ ” he says.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
If your father and any other guest would like to get steaks afterward, they are free to do so.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 牛排; 肉排; 鱼排; 碎牛肉
分布：牛排(100%)
→来自古诺斯语 steik,烤肉，在烤肉棍上烤的肉，来自 Proto-Germanic*staiko,插，穿刺，来自 steig,刺，插，词源同 sting,stick,stake.
n.牛排;大块肉(或鱼)片At the breakfast, the steak leaked from the break.早餐时,肉片从缺口处漏出来.
noun countable or uncountable
■a thick, flat piece of meat or fish, especially meat from a cow 肉排；肉块；鱼排；鱼块；（尤指）牛排
• T-bone/sirloin steaks T骨／沙朗牛排
• salmon/turkey steaks 鲑鱼排／火鸡肉排
• Shall we have steak for dinner? 我们晚餐吃牛排好吗？
n. 牛排；肉排；鱼排
 - beefsteak

Word: tracker
Front: tracker
[ˈtrækə(r)] (16135/25385)
Back: n. 追踪者，追踪系统，纤夫
分布：跟踪器(75%)，追踪者(25%)
→track,追踪，-er,人。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a person who is able to find animals or people by following the marks they leave on the ground as they move over it 追踪者，追捕者
• An Aboriginal tracker led them to the place where the plane had crashed. 一个土著追踪者将他们带到了飞机坠毁的地方。
n. 拉纤者，纤夫； [计] 追踪系统， [自] 跟踪装置；追踪者
 - minitrack, tracking system

Word: underwear
Front: underwear
[ˈʌndəweə(r)] (高六 6524/8792 -K1)
Back: n. 衬衣，内衣
分布：内衣(100%)
内衣(under+wear穿衣服)[under-①表示"在…下"②表示"不足,不够"③表示"副手"]
US [-dɚ.wer] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■clothes worn next to the skin, under other clothes 内衣

Word: apace
Front: apace
[əˈpeɪs] (24429/18832)
Vocabulary: apace
(once / 2789 pages)
adv
When something happens apace, it happens quickly. You could say that despite the rain, your house painting project is still continuing apace.
You're most likely to see the adverb apace describing some kind of work, and it's usually paired up with the verb continue. A harried theater director might insist that progress on the new play continues apace, or you might notice that your next door neighbor's chicken coop construction is continuing apace, progressing rapidly. The literal meaning of the 14th century phrase a pace was "at a pace," or "at a good pace."
WORD FAMILY
apace
USAGE EXAMPLES
When the observatory’s research was redirected towards photographing the heavens rather than observing them merely by eye, the duties of the “computers” expanded apace.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
The march of idiots, billionaires, oil men and extremists into the Trump cabinet continued apace this week.
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
Meanwhile, climate change continues apace, indeed, at an ever-faster pace.
The New Yorker(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adv. 急速地，飞快地
分布：急速地(58%)，快速地(28%)，齐头并进地(14%)
→来自短语a pace, 即at a good pace.
[ə'peɪs] literary or old use
adverb
■quickly 飞快，迅速
• The project is coming on apace (= advancing quickly). 这个工程进展神速。
adv. 飞快地，迅速地；急速地
 - quickly, rapidly, fast, promptly, ready

Word: usable
Front: usable
[ˈju:zəbl] (11142/11719 -1)
Vocabulary: usable
(once / 4569 pages)
adj
Something that's usable can be successfully used right away for its intended purpose. If your car is usable, it's running just fine.
A usable tent has all of its poles and is more or less waterproof, and a usable pair of shoes fits well and doesn't have holes. Describing something as usable can sometimes be faint praise: "Well, this basketball is usable, but just barely." When information is described as usable, it usually means it's actively available, and not just stored in a computer, for example. This is a relatively new adjective, first appearing around 1840.
WORD FAMILY
usable: unusable, usability, usableness+/ disuse: disused, disuses/misuse: misused, misuses, misusing/ overuse: overused, overuses, overusing/ reuse: reusable, reused, reuses, reusing/ usage: ill-usage, usages/usance: usances/ use: disuse, ill-use, misuse, overuse, reuse, usable, usage, usance, useable, used, useed, useful, useless, user, uses, using/useable: unuseable, useableness/ used: ill-used, unused, useder/ useful: usefuler, usefulest, usefully, usefulness/usefully: usefullys/usefulness: unusefulness, usefulnesss/ useless: uselesser, uselessest, uselessly, uselessness/ user: users/using: usings
USAGE EXAMPLES
When the food is no longer usable, the military tries to get rid of it quietly.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The state stopped Broom’s execution after two hours in September 2009 when executioners failed to find a usable vein following 18 attempts to insert needles.
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
From his perspective, a truly usable screen is still a few years off.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 可用的; 合用的; 便于使用的; 使得
分布：可用的(90%)，适用的(10%)
adjective
■that can be used 可用的，能用的
• The specific software is also usable in other areas of research. 这种特别设计的软体也可以用于其他研究领域。
adj. 可用的；合用的（等于useable）
 - practicable, useable

Word: unnecessarily
Front: unnecessarily
[ˌʌn'nesəsərəlɪ] (12661/8444)
Back: adv. 不必要地，多余地，不需要地
分布：不必要地(78%)，徒然(22%)
ADJ-GRADED
不需要的；没必要的；多余的
If you describe something as unnecessary, you mean that it is not needed or does not have to be done, and is undesirable.
例：The slaughter of whales is unnecessary and inhuman...屠杀鲸鱼是没有必要的也是不人道的。
例：He accused Diana of making an unnecessary fuss.他责备黛安娜没必要那么大惊小怪。
adv. 不必要地；多余地
 - needlessly, redundantly

Word: asleep
Front: asleep
[əˈsli:p] (中高研四 3081/3043 -K2)
Vocabulary: asleep
(once / 138 pages)
adjadv
If you're asleep, you're not awake and reading this. A baby might find it hard to fall asleep without being held and rocked.
Some people snore when they're asleep, and others have strange, vivid dreams. In either case, their eyes are closed and they're in a state of rest that's close to being unconscious. You can also use asleep figuratively, to mean "numb," as when your leg falls asleep, or "inattentive," as when the opposing soccer team is asleep and your team beats them easily.
WORD FAMILY
asleep
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The doctor fell asleep after the operation. He thought someone else would update me.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
When she’s asleep, Surbhi and I get some time alone.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In 2004, a caregiver at the facility pleaded guilty to neglecting two incapacitated residents after falling asleep on the job.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 睡着的; 休眠的; 麻木的; 已死的
adv. 熟睡地; 处于麻木不仁的状态; 长眠
分布：睡着(77%)，睡着的(14%)，已死的(4%)，麻木的(3%)，进入静止状态(1%)，不活跃的(1%)
→来自短语on sleep.
睡着的(a+sleep睡觉)[a-①加在单词或词根前面,表示"不,无,非"②加在单词前,表示"在…,...的"]
a.睡觉,睡着(用作表语)The baby fell asleep in her mother's arms.婴儿在母亲的手臂里睡着了.
adjective [after verb]
 ESSENTIAL
■sleeping or not awake 睡着的
• I fell asleep (= I started to sleep) as soon as my head hit the pillow. 我头一放在枕头上，就睡着了。
• I'm surprised to see you awake - ten minutes ago you were fast/sound (= completely) asleep. 真奇怪，你怎么醒了——十分钟前你还睡得很甜呢。
• I've only just got up and I'm still half asleep (= not completely awake). 我刚起床，还没完全醒呢。
■If your arm or leg is asleep, it cannot feel anything because it has been in the same position for so long that the blood supply has been cut off. （手臂或腿长时间维持一种姿势而）发麻的，麻木的
asleep, sleepy, sleeping
asleep: 睡着,熟睡,只能做表语, The baby is asleep.
sleepy: 困的,有睡意的 I'm sleepy.
sleeping: 正在睡觉, a sleeping baby
adj. 睡着的；麻木的；长眠的
 - sleeping, stupid

Word: bachelor
Front: bachelor
[ˈbætʃələ(r)] (高研四六托 6130/8615)
Vocabulary: bachelor
(once / 549 pages)
1nv 2n
There are two criteria needed in order to be a bachelor: one is that you can’t be married, and the other is that you have to be a man. Any people outside of these criteria are some other word.
The origins of bachelor are unclear, but some similar Latin words are baccalāris (“farm hand”), baccalārium (“dairy farm”), and bacca (“cow”). Maybe some bachelors spent a lot of time milking cows before getting married in the olden days. The phrase “eligible bachelor” means a guy who would make a great husband, and the phrase “confirmed bachelor” describes a man who is having so much fun being single that he’ll probably never marry. Either way, pronounce it like this: BATCH-uh-lur.
WORD FAMILY
bachelor: bachelored, bachelorhood, bachelors+/bachelorhood: bachelorhoods
USAGE EXAMPLES
They are now separated, and Mr. Viall gets his own season of “The Bachelor.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He graduated from Wesleyan University in Middletown, Conn., with a bachelor’s degree in drama.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Through programs for inmates, she earned a bachelor’s degree in behavioral science followed by a master’s in psychology.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Back: n. 学士; 单身汉; 尚未交配的幼雄兽; 侍从
分布：学士(69%)，单身汉(31%)
→来自拉丁词bacilum, 杆，棍。原指旧时骑士跟班，持一根木棍跟随骑士学习。
n.单身汉;(亦作B-)学士(学位)The bachelor is detached to attach tags to the yacht.学士被派遣去给游艇贴标签.
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a man who has never married 独身男子，单身汉
• He remained a bachelor until he was well into his 40s. 他直到四十多岁时还是单身。
• Simon is a confirmed bachelor (= He is unlikely ever to want to get married). 西蒙是个信守独身主义的人。

Word: biomass
Front: biomass
[ˈbaɪəʊmæs] (10431/17897)
Vocabulary: biomass
(once / 26621 pages)
n
Biomass is plant or animal waste that's used as fuel.
Biomass breaks down to bio, or living, and mass, or weight. You can use biomass as a technical term for the total mass of living stuff in a particular area, like the biomass of Kansas, or the biomass of your kid brother's room (yuck). We frequently use biomass to talk about natural material that can be used as fuel, like cow dung, which burns as well as coal.
WORD FAMILY
biomass
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cutting down trees to produce so-called biomass energy also reduces a forest’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
In terms of biomass, the insects greatly exceeded migratory birds in Britain.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
The project includes more than 60 energy efficiency and infrastructure upgrade projects, including a new biomass boiler system and chip storage building.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. （单位面积或体积内）生物的数量
分布：生物量(99%)，用作燃料的植物或动物废弃物(1%)
US [-oʊ-] noun uncountable specialized
■dead plant and animal material suitable for using as fuel 生物质能（指适合作燃料使用的死亡的动植物有机体）
• biomass fuel/energy 生质燃料／生质能源
■the total amount of living things in a particular area 生物量

Word: buddhism

Word: brinkmanship
Front: brinkmanship
[ˈbrɪŋkmənʃɪp] (29179/35009)
Vocabulary: brinkmanship
(once / 53482 pages)
n
Brinkmanship is pushing a situation to the point of disaster without quite going over the edge. Brinkmanship is mainly a political policy.
When you're on the brink of something, you're right on the edge. In politics, brinkmanship is an approach in which a country pushes a situation extremely close to a dangerous point. Many considered the Cold War between the U.S. and Russia an example of brinkmanship; the accumulation of so many deadly weapons could have led to disaster. Brinkmanship is a gamble: by coming close to a dangerous outcome, you hope to get an agreement or concession you wouldn't otherwise get.
WORD FAMILY
brinkmanship
USAGE EXAMPLES
The nuclear brinkmanship of North Korea’s paranoid regime increased regional tensions.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
But, of course, Trump already fancies himself a master of brinkmanship.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
"He clearly is willing to engage in brinkmanship with the Chinese."
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 边缘政策
分布：边缘政策(94%)，〈法〉紧急致策(3%)，=brinksmanship.(3%)
noun uncountable
■the activity, especially in politics, of trying to get what you want by saying that if you do not get it, you will do something dangerous （尤指政治上的）边缘政策（指威胁采取极端手段）
• The talks have collapsed and both sides have resorted to brinkmanship. 谈判失败了，双方都使用了边缘政策。

Word: coastguard
Front: coastguard
[ˈkəʊstgɑ:d] (41539/15949 -1)
Back: n. 海岸警卫队; 海岸警卫队队员
分布：海岸警卫队(100%)
US ['koʊst.gɑ:rd] noun countable
■an official who is employed to watch the sea near to a coast for ships that are in danger or involved with illegal activities 水上员警；海岸警卫队队员
the coastguard
■the official organization which coastguards belong to 海岸警卫队

Word: duopoly
Front: duopoly
[dju:ˈɒpəli] (42831/26602)
Back: n. 两家卖主垄断市场（的局面）
分布：双头垄断市场(100%)
→duo-, 二。-poly, 卖，词源同monopoly, oligopoly.

Word: lez

Word: gamma
Front: gamma
[ˈgæmə] (托 12856/10849 -1)
Back: n. 希腊字母表的第三个字母; 微克; [物]伽马; [虫]V纹蛾
分布：微克(100%)
→来自希腊字母G的发音。
(also γ) ['gæm.ə] noun countable
■the third letter of the Greek alphabet 希腊语字母表的第三个字母 Compare alpha ; beta
n. 微克；希腊语的第三个字母
 - microgramme

Word: flaunt
Front: flaunt
[flɔ:nt] (托雅宝 13345/14652 -1)
Vocabulary: flaunt
(once / 2223 pages)
vn
Flaunt is "to display proudly or show off," like when you flaunt your new Italian leather jacket by wearing it to the beach and pretending you're cold to make sure everyone sees it.
Although we love it when a peacock flaunts his colorful feathers, when a person does the same thing we feel bad. Flaunt is like bragging, which can bum people out because they don't have whatever you're showing off, like that cool jacket. When rich people flaunt their wealth by speeding past you in their limo, they may as well splash a mud puddle on your white clothes. Leave the flaunting for peacocks and stars in bad reality TV shows.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
flaunt / flout
Flaunt is to show off, but flout is to ignore the rules. Rebels do both — they flaunt their new pink motorcycles by popping a wheelie, and flout the law by running a red light.
Flaunt means to work it, to preen like a peacock. You could flaunt your new Harley, your wealth, or even your bright colors:
Prosperous Chinese are less shy about flaunting their wealth than people in other countries. (Economist)
Daffodils flaunted golden cups at their more gorgeous neighbors, the tulips. (Lucy Foster Madison)
Flout, on the other hand, means to show a blatant disregard or contempt for. If you scoff when told what to do, you flout the rules. Here are some rules being flouted in the news:
In other words, the euro zone is based on a gentleman's agreement that's widely flouted. (Salon)
Baseball's rulebook is routinely ignored, flouted and evaded. (New York Times)
The problem is that people use flout to mean flaunt. If you mix up the words in the sentences above, the meaning changes. It would be weird to flout your wealth or your golden color. Garner's Modern American Usage identifies this error at widespread: it can be seen in the writing of well-educated people. However, Garner advises (and we concur) that the distinction between flaunt and flout be preserved.
WORD FAMILY
flaunt: flaunted, flaunting, flaunts, flaunty+/flaunty: flauntily
USAGE EXAMPLES
You want to teach her to be comfortable in the “just being” zone, which means she’s mindful of flaunting and resistant to hiding.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Perhaps for some, flaunting one's wealth is a desirable way to get away from it all.
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
Not just because they fancy Cumberbatch or get weak knees over that flaunting of mental dexterity.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: vt. 炫耀; 轻蔑，蔑视
vi. 炫耀; 张扬
n. 夸耀，招摇; 飘扬，招展
时态：flaunted, flaunting, flaunts
分布：夸耀(50%)，飘扬(34%)，张扬(8%)，挥动(8%)
→可能来自flout和vaunt的合成词。
【记】fl＝fly，aunt姑奶奶－飞到姑奶奶家－炫耀（GRE考了2400）
US [flɑ:nt] mainly disapproving
verb transitive
■to show or make obvious something you are proud of in order to get admiration 炫耀；夸示；卖弄
• He's got a lot of money but he doesn't flaunt it. 他有很多钱，但是他不炫耀。
• Annabelle was flaunting her tan in a little white dress. 安娜贝勒穿着一件白色短连衣裙，故意显示她晒黑的皮肤。
flaunt yourself
■to show your body in a confident and sexual manner （性感地）招摇过市
vt. 炫耀；飘扬
 - show off, fly over
vi. 飘扬；夸耀
 - flow, stream, dance
n. 炫耀；飘扬；招展
 - display, showing off

Word: grotesque
Front: grotesque
[grəʊˈtesk] (宝 12252/13774 -1)
Vocabulary: grotesque
(once / 640 pages)
adjn
Use grotesque to describe things that are very strange and ugly in an unnatural way. If something "grosses you out," you can safely refer to it as grotesque.
Grotesque also refers to a style of art that uses odd and fanciful combinations of natural, human, and animal forms. The original reference was to cave paintings found in ancient Roman ruins. Our English word is from French, from Italian grottesca pittura "a cave painting," from grotta "cave." Italian grotta is the source of our English word grotto.
WORD FAMILY
grotesque: grotesquely, grotesqueness, grotesquery, grotesques+/grotesqueness: grotesquenesses/grotesquery: grotesqueries
USAGE EXAMPLES
The modern gallery of the Vatican Museums proudly displays a grotesque painting of a suffering pope by the defiantly godless painter Francis Bacon.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
So there is a grotesque illogic in this song.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Many commentators even began referring to Merkel as the new leader of the free world, a title that she dismissed as “grotesque” and “absurd.”
Time(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 怪诞的，荒诞不经的; 奇形怪状的
n. 奇形怪状的东西; 奇异风格
分布：奇形怪状的(42%)，怪诞的(28%)，可笑的(12%)，奇怪的(10%)，怪异风格(5%)，怪异图案(3%)
→来自grotto, 石窟，洞穴，词源同crypt, 隐藏。来自意大利语，通常认为来自16世纪在罗马废墟洞穴发现的奇怪的壁画，因而引申该词义。
怪诞的(grot岩洞+esque,岩洞里的画是怪诞的;参考:grotto岩洞,洞室)[-esque表形容词"如…的"]
【记】源于grotto（n 人工岩洞：其中多凿有雕像等），grotesque 原指grotto里面的形状怪诞的图案（以一种奇异古怪的方式结合在一起的绘画雕塑和装饰风格）gro＝grow，tes＝test，que缺：在成长的过程中缺少智力测验，导致头大身小－奇形怪状的
【参】picturesque（adj 独特的）
US [groʊ-] adjective
■strange and unpleasant, especially in a silly or slightly frightening way 怪诞的，荒谬的；奇形怪状的；丑陋的
• By now she'd had so much cosmetic surgery that she looked quite grotesque. 她现在因为作了太多的整容手术，看上去让人觉得怪异可怖。
• Gothic churches are full of devils and grotesque figures. 哥德式的教堂到处都放有魔鬼和形状怪诞的画像。
UK [grəʊ'tesk] US [groʊ-] noun countable
■a painting or other artistic work with a figure that is ugly or unpleasant as its subject 表现怪诞主题的油画或艺术品
• Spencer's grotesques are his best works. 斯宾塞最好的作品是那些表现怪诞主题的油画。
adj. 奇形怪状的；奇怪的；可笑的
 - strange, peculiar-looking

Word: immensely
Front: immensely
[ɪˈmensli] (10037/6930 -1)
Vocabulary: immensely
(once / 843 pages)
adv
Immensely is an adverb that means vastly, or very, or hugely. An immensely good time is a really, really good time.
If you know that immense means huge, then you probably already have a sense of what immensely means. It's a word for describing the enormous degree of something. A New York Times bestseller is an immensely popular book. Any offensive lineman is an immensely large human being. The earth is immensely old. A mouse can't be described as doing anything immensely, but an elephant does things immensely all the time.
WORD FAMILY
immense: immensely, immenseness, immenser, immensest, immensity +/ immensity: immensities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though simple in principle the tax proved to be immensely complex in practice.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
“She’s an immensely powerful woman, and I just admire my mother very much,” Fisher told NPR’s Fresh Air last month.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“She’s an immensely powerful woman, and I just admire my mother very much,” Carrie Fisher said.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adv. 极大地，广大地; 无限地，庞大地; 〈口〉非常，很; “immense”的派生
分布：无限地(63%)，极大地(37%)
adverb
■extremely 非常，极其
• He was immensely popular in his day. 在他那个时代，他非常受欢迎。
• She's an immensely talented young athlete. 她是个才华洋溢的年轻运动员。
adv. 极大地；无限地；广大地；庞大地
 - extensively, vastly

Word: helium
Front: helium
[ˈhi:liəm] (托 11819/17116 -1)
Vocabulary: helium
(once / 4835 pages)
n
The element helium is a colorless, odorless gas. Because helium is lighter than air, it's commonly used for filling balloons to make them float.
Because of the effect that helium has when lightweight objects are filled with it — making party balloons and parade floats hover in the air as if by magic — it's one of the best-known elements. Helium is almost always a gas, unless it's subjected to very extreme conditions, and it's been used at various times in military airships and weather balloons. The word helium comes from a Greek root, helios, or "sun," because it was initially discovered in the sun's spectrum.
WORD FAMILY
helium
USAGE EXAMPLES
The investigation narrowed in on three helium containers within the second-stage liquid oxygen tank.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The company determined the 2015 accident was caused by the rupture of a substandard metal piece supporting a pressurized helium vessel.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Helium balloons declaring “Congratulations” floated above the long table.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. <化>氦
分布：氦(100%)
→来自希腊语helios,太阳。因这种元素发现于太阳光谱中而得名。
noun uncountable
■a gas that is lighter than air, will not burn, is an element and is used in balloons , airships and some types of lights 氦

Word: hometown
Front: hometown
[ˈhəʊmtaʊn] (中高 5471/33112 -1)
Back: n. 家乡，故乡; “home town”的变体
分布：家乡(82%)，故乡(18%)
N-COUNT
家乡;故乡
Someone's hometown is the town where they live or the town that they come from.
例：I went to work as a painter in my hometown, Natrona Heights, Pennsylvania.我在家乡宾夕法尼亚州的纳特罗纳海茨当了个油漆匠。
n. 家乡；故乡
 - country, native land

Word: linguist
Front: linguist
[ˈlɪŋgwɪst] (14135/9265 -1)
Vocabulary: linguist
(once / 1992 pages)
n
A linguist is someone who studies language. Linguists study every aspect of language, including vocabulary, grammar, the sound of language, and how words evolve over time.
The study of language is called linguistics, and people who study linguistics are linguists. Being a linguist isn't easy; you usually have to go to graduate school and conduct research about a specific aspect of language. There are computational linguists, forensic linguists, comparative linguists, and many other specialties. If you love language, you'd probably enjoy a career as a linguist.
WORD FAMILY
linguist: linguistic, linguists+/ linguistic: intralinguistic, linguistically, linguistics, nonlinguistic
USAGE EXAMPLES
The king is an accomplished linguist who speaks English, French and Czech.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
For decades, Benson worked with various linguists and others to document the language.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
“We need to be talking to one another!” insisted Amy Adams’ heroine, a linguist tasked with decoding the visitors’ otherworldly tongue.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 通晓数国语言的人; 语言学家
分布：语言学家(100%)
→来自lingual,语言的。
语言学家(lingu+ist)[lingu=language,表示"语言",原意为"舌头"]
noun countable
■someone who studies foreign languages or can speak them very well, or someone who teaches or studies linguistics 语言学家，语言学者；通晓数国语言的人
n. [语] 语言学家
 - philologer

Word: perfection
Front: perfection
[pəˈfekʃn] (研六托 6505/6861)
Vocabulary: perfection
(once / 197 pages)
n
Perfection is a flawless state where everything is exactly right. It can also be the action of making something perfect.
Since perfect things are without fault or flaw, perfection is a perfect condition — everything is 100% great. Of course, perfection is hard to find. People often use this word as a compliment for something that just couldn’t be better, as in "That red dress matches your red hair to perfection!” Also, if a musician is getting a song down pat, you could say she’s working on the perfection of the song: she’s learning to play it flawlessly.
WORD FAMILY
perfection: imperfection, perfectionism, perfections+/ imperfect: imperfectly, imperfectness, imperfects/imperfectible: imperfectibility/ imperfection: imperfections/ perfect: imperfect, perfected, perfectedly, perfecter, perfectest, perfectible, perfecting, perfection, perfective, perfectly, perfects/perfecter: perfecters/perfectible: imperfectible, perfectibility/perfectionism: perfectionist / perfectionist: perfectionists/perfective: imperfective
USAGE EXAMPLES
But most longtime fans of the show don’t expect perfection.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
In contrast her mother was Alfred Hitchcock’s ideal, remote “woman in grey” and represented highly-strung perfection in Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo and Marnie.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
He’s constantly pushing me for that perfection, constantly pushing me to be dominant and elite.”
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 完美; 完善; 最后加工; 圆满
分布：完美(69%)，完善(31%)
完全;完美(perfect+ion)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
n.尽善尽美,完美She is the perfection of beauty.她美到极点.
US [pɚ-] noun uncountable
■the state of being complete and correct in every way 完美；完善
• In his quest for physical perfection, he spends hours in the gym. 为了追求完美的体形，他在健身房里花许多时间锻炼身体。
to perfection
■extremely well 完美地，完善地
• The fish was cooked to perfection. 这条鱼烧得极好。
n. 完善；完美
 - finish, fare-thee-well

Word: retrenchment
Front: retrenchment
[rɪ'trentʃmənt] (宝 22631/21676)
Back: n. 节省，删除
分布：减少(60%)，删除(40%)
noun
countable or uncountable
■when a government, etc. spends less or reduces costs 削减费用；紧缩开支
countable Australian
■when a worker is removed from a job as a way of saving the cost of employing them 裁减工人
• The downturn in business has resulted in many retrenchments. 业务低迷，使许多工人被裁减。
n. 节省；删除
 - cancellation, deletion

Word: suffice
Front: suffice
[səˈfaɪs] (研六宝 9294/6983 -1)
Vocabulary: suffice
(once / 43 pages)
v
To suffice is to be enough, in either quality or quantity. It may not be gourmet all the time, but if your food is healthy, it will suffice.
The word suffice comes from a combination of the Latin words sub ("under") and facere ("make") that together mean "meet the need of." This need is usually the bare minimum — no leftovers, nothing fancy. The common phrase "Suffice it to say" means "I'll just say" or "All that needs to be said is...."
WORD FAMILY
suffice: sufficed, suffices, sufficiency, sufficient, sufficing+/insufficiency: insufficiencies/ insufficient: insufficiency, insufficienter, insufficiently/self-sufficient: self-sufficiency/ sufficiency: sufficiencies/ sufficient: insufficient, self-sufficient, sufficienter, sufficientest, sufficiently /sufficing: self-sufficing
USAGE EXAMPLES
And at this point, great is all that will suffice.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Each personality description gets a little convoluted, but suffice it to say that this is at least an interesting way to approach losing weight.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Suffice to say that the Cleveland Browns are the only N.F.L. franchise rumored to offer grocery bags with eye holes as official-team-shop headgear.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. 足够; 有能力
vt. 满足…的需要; 使满足
时态：sufficed, sufficing, suffices
分布：足够(80%)，使满足(15%)，使 ... 足够(5%)
→suf-,在下，向上，-fic,做，词源同 fact,efficient.引申词义做到足够，使足够，足以。
使满足,充足(suf在下面+fice→在下面先做好→充足)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
v.充足,足够;vt.(食物等)使(某人)满足Two meals a day suffice an old man.老人一天二餐就足够了.
【记】读：三face，一个人长了三张脸－足够
[sə'faɪs] formal
verb intransitive
■to be enough 足够
• I'm taking four hundred pounds' worth of travellers' cheques - I think that should suffice. 我带了400英镑的旅行支票——我觉得应该够了。
[sə'faɪs] formal
verb intransitive
suffice (it) to say
■it is enough to say 无需多说，只需说…就够了
• Suffice (it) to say, Mike won't be going to Tina's birthday party after what he said about her to her boss. 不用多说，麦克对蒂娜的老板那样说她之后，他是不会去参加她的生日聚会的。
vt. 使满足；足够…用；合格
 - content, gratify
vi. 足够；有能力
 - serve, be in a position

Word: rotterdam
Front: rotterdam
[ˈrɔtədæm] (-/15859)
Back: 鹿特丹（荷兰西南部港市）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: venal
Front: venal
[ˈvi:nl] (宝 27972/36451)
Vocabulary: venal
(once / 4048 pages)
adj
Someone with venal motives is corrupt and maybe a little evil. Nobody wants to be thought of as venal.
Venal actions include taking bribes, giving jobs to your friends, and cheating. Venal means about the same thing as "corrupt" or "corruptible." Venal people are considered sleazy and untrustworthy. They're often criminals. No one is perfect, and most of us have venal motives at some point.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
venal / venial
Catholics everywhere are confused: do they commit venal sins or venial sins? And what is a venal/venial sin anyway? Whether they're Catholic or not, many writers are just as confused:
Elshtain's Alleged Venal Sins
Drinkin', cheatin', killin', temptation, greed and other mortal and venial sins.
Politicians couldn't possibly be as venal, as stupid, as irresponsible or as heartless as portrayed in the 30-second spot.
That Republicans would value this crass, conniving, venial, vapid airhead [Sarah Palin] indicates the direction that the Republican party is headed.
Venial means minor in the circumstances; when speaking specifically of sins, it's a slight sin, such as occasionally getting drunk or giving in to small temptations. (Most would agree that killing at least comes under the "mortal" heading.) Political scientist Jean Bethke Elshtain might be guilty of a venial sin according to the author, but not a venal one.
Venal means corruptible, able to be bribed. Politicians are often described as venal. Adolf Hitler, Fidel Castro, and Saddam Hussein certainly wear that label. Whether Sarah Palin does could be a great conversation starter, as long as you don't mind if it comes to blows. But no one will say she's of slight consequence. Her ability to grab headlines proves that. The last example wants venal, not venial.
WORD FAMILY
venal: venality, venally +/ venality: venalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
They called their website Snopes in tribute to the venal family in William Faulkner’s novels.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
“He just is not as venal as other defendants.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Plucky entrepreneurs who operate beyond the grasp of venal bureaucrats should surely be celebrated.
Economist(Oct 13, 2016)
Back: adj. <正式，贬>贪赃的; 贪污的; （行为）腐败的; 为钱而干的
分布：贪赃枉法的(100%)
→来自拉丁语venum,出售，词源同vendor，引申词义见利忘义，卖友求荣等。
【记】ven＝wen吻，al＝all：吻了所有人是因为受了他们的贿赂。
【反】incorruptible（adj 廉洁的）；unsusceptible of bribery（不怀疑受贿的）
['vi:.nəl] formal
adjective
■A venal person is willing to behave in a way that is not honest or moral in exchange for money （人）贪赃的，腐败的，见利忘义的
• a venal ruler 腐败的统治者
■A venal activity is done in order to get money （行为）腐败的，贪污的，见利忘义的
• a venal regime 腐败的政权
• They are accused of being involved in venal practices. 他们被控参与行贿受贿。
adj. [法] 贪污的；用金钱买得的；贿赂的；贪赃枉法的
 - corrupt

Word: accessory
Front: accessory
[əkˈsesəri] (研四六托雅宝 6429/7048 -2)
Vocabulary: accessory
(once / 1212 pages)
1n 2nadj
Whether we're talking about a fog light for your boat or just a nice hat to go with your boating outfit, an accessory is something you add to something else to make it better.
An accessory can be any piece of clothing that you wear or carry as long as it isn't part of the main outfit. You can also use the word to refer to someone who helps someone else commit a crime. So the guy who distracted the old lady while another guy grabbed her purse? He was the accessory to the theft of an accessory.
WORD FAMILY
accessory: accessorial, accessories, accessorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
With its Deco-style beading and glitzy accessories, this sequined flapper dress looks like just the thing for an all-night party.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Ms. Kerr and Ms. Power also started the Who What Wear clothing and accessories line sold at Target.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Lin, 29, grew up playing with airsoft guns and started a business selling gun accessories online after graduating from college.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 附件; （衣服的）配饰; 从犯; 妇女饰品
adj. 附加的; 附属的; 辅助的; 同谋的
分布：配件(54%)，附件(33%)，同谋(5%)，附属的(3%)，同谋的(3%)，辅助的(2%)
n.附件,附属品;(为全套衣服增加美感的)服饰The accessory successor never made concessions to difficulties, so he succeeded in accessing successive successes.附属继承人从未向困难妥协,因此在走向连续的成功
【记】ac读音：我可，cess走，我可以走了，因为我只是附属。刚入门（access）一般都要当下属。
【反】of primary importance（最重要的）
US [-ɚ-] noun
EXTRA 附加的
 ADVANCED countable usually plural
■something added to a machine or to clothing, which has a useful or decorative purpose 附件，配件，附属品；装饰品，配饰
• She wore a green wool suit with matching accessories (= shoes, hat, bag, etc.). 她身穿一套绿色羊毛套装，全身的配饰都是跟它配套的。
• Sunglasses are much more than a fashion accessory. 太阳镜不仅仅是时尚的装饰品。
• Accessories for the top-of-the-range car include leather upholstery, a CD player, electric windows and a sunroof. 顶级轿车的配置包括真皮座椅、CD播放机、电动窗以及活动车顶。
UK [ək'ses.ər.i] US [-ɚ-] noun
CRIMINAL 罪犯
countable
■someone who helps another person to commit a crime but does not take part in it 同谋；帮凶，从犯
• an accessory to murder 谋杀案的同谋
accessory after the fact legal
■someone who helps someone after they have committed a crime, for example by hiding them from the police （隐匿或协助主犯的）事后从犯
accessory before the fact legal
■someone who helps in the preparation of a crime 事前从犯
accessory, supplement, appendix, attachment, addition
这组词都有“附加物、增加物”的意思，其区别是：
accessory: 作“附件”解时，与attachment同义，可互换，但还指增加美观的附属品。
supplement: 主要指使书、报等正广更完善而额外增加的部分。
appendix: 指书末的附录。
attachment: 指用于扩大原物用途的附件。
addition: 仅强调数量的增加。
n. 配件；附件； [法] 从犯
 - attachment, mating parts
adj. 副的；同谋的； [昆] 附属的
 - deputy, vice, subsidiary, auxiliary

Word: unfounded
Front: unfounded
[ʌnˈfaʊndɪd] (宝 14146/13790 -1)
Vocabulary: unfounded
(once / 3074 pages)
adj
Has someone ever told a complete lie about you? Then what they said was unfounded. There is nothing behind an unfounded statement.
Things that are unfounded include lies, myths, and sometimes rumors. If something is unfounded, then there is no truth to it: the facts won't back it up. People often use this word when denying something: they'll say "Your words are unfounded!" Made-up creatures like unicorns and werewolves are unfounded. If you're writing a paper for school, you've better make sure nothing in your paper is unfounded — research the facts instead.
WORD FAMILY
unfounded: unfoundedly+/ find: finder, finding, finds, found /finder: finders/ finding: findings/ found: foundation, founded, foundedly, founder, founding, founds/ foundation: foundations/founded: unfounded / founder: foundered, foundering, founders/foundering: founderings/ founding: foundings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ramberg says the shootings may be the result of some unfounded bias against the Amish community.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
A report of shots fired was later determined to be unfounded.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Such fears are not unfounded and foreign visitors are well briefed about potential dangers.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 无事实根据的; 无基础的; 未建立的; 未确定的
分布：无事实根据的(56%)，无基础的(22%)，尚未建立的(22%)
【记】un不，found（v 建立；使有根据），ed：无事实根据的
adjective
■describes a claim or piece of news that is not based on fact （断言或消息）捕风捉影的，无根据的
• I'm pleased to see that our fears about the weather proved totally unfounded. 我很高兴看到我们对天气的担忧毫无根据。
adj. 未建立的；没有理由的；没有事实根据的
 - panic

Word: berg
Front: berg
[bɜː(r)ɡ] (28784/16972)
Back: n. 冰山
分布：冰山(77%)，大冰块(23%)
→来自PIE *bhergh, 高，高山，同iceberg, 冰山。borough, 自治市。

Word: antidote
Front: antidote
[ˈæntidəʊt] (宝 11506/13881 -1)
Vocabulary: antidote
(once / 2132 pages)
n
An antidote is a remedy that relieves. So if you get headaches from long bus rides, it's best to travel equipped with the key pain alleviating antidotes: Tylenol, lots of water and soothing music.
A noun that comes all the way to us from the ancient Greek word antidoton, which means “given as a remedy,” an antidote counteracts or relieves the negative effects of something. You can find antidotes to poison, anxiety, sadness or even a bad day. People tend to think of medicinal cures when they hear the word antidote, but things like meditation, sleep, green tea, exercise or a good hug can all have positive, antidotal affects.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
anecdote / antidote
An anecdote is a funny little story; an antidote counteracts poison. Tell someone an anecdote about your close encounter with a rattlesnake and how the cute park ranger had to get you the antidote for snake venom right away.
An anecdote is a story someone tells about themselves or people they know. It's often short and unreliable. That rattlesnake encounter? Well, maybe you embellished a bit — you saw a rattlesnake, but it didn't bite you. Anecdotes can be true or false; they're revealing little tales:
All the little anecdotes I had heard of him pleased me very much. (Miranda Eliot Swan)
The pages are thick with freaky anecdotes: One patient suffers permanent brain damage after an anesthesiologist causes him to nearly suffocate. (Washington Post)
Mr. Smith offered only anecdotes to back his beliefs. (New York Times)
An antidote cures what ails you. It's an actual counteragent to a poison, like snake venom. It's what you need if your wife tries to kill you, like poor Wang below, or when you just need to turn that frown upside down:
Then he told the physician there was only one way to save Wang's life — an antidote called Prussian Blue.  (Daily Mail.uk)
Forced blossoms are an antidote to the gloomy winter months (Digthedirt.com)
An anecdote is a memoir sound bite, a little story. They're fun, but they don't change your destiny. But antidote, is anti-poison, so dote on situations that require antidotes — your life may be on the line.
WORD FAMILY
antidote: antidotes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Consider the following buildings a kind of collective antidote.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
Reports say that some pharmaceutical firms buy snake venom from the black market to develop antidotes.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
I laughed a lot and found it a sophisticated antidote to Christmas classics like “Miracle on 34th Street” or “It’s a Wonderful Life.”
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 解药，解毒剂; 矫正方法，对抗手段
分布：解药(49%)，解毒剂(47%)，对抗手段(4%)
→前缀anti-, 相对，相反。词根dot, 见donate.
解毒药(anti反+dote[=don]→给出反[毒]→解毒药;另一种说法dote=dote药剂[don,dit=give,表示"给予"]
解毒药(anti对抗毒)[dot=give(给)]
【记】anti反，dote＝dose药剂－反毒的药－解毒药
【参】overdose（n 配药量过多）
【区】anecdote（n 轶事，奇闻）读：该你逗她了－用奇闻
US [-tˌi.doʊt] noun countable
■a chemical, especially a drug, which limits the effects of a poison 解毒剂；（尤指）解毒药
• Sales of nerve gas antidotes increased dramatically before the war. 在战争爆发前，神经毒气解毒剂销量激增。
■a way of preventing or acting against something bad 矫正方法；缓解办法；对抗手段
• Regular exercise is the best antidote to tiredness and depression. 经常锻炼是消除疲劳和抑郁的最好方法。

Word: acquaintance
Front: acquaintance
[əˈkweɪntəns] (高研四六托宝 6274/5967 -2)
Vocabulary: acquaintance
(once / 119 pages)
n
An acquaintance is someone you know a little about, but they’re not your best friend or anything. Acquaintance is also having knowledge about something specific, like horror films or the farming techniques of Chinese peasants.
The root of acquaintance is the Old French word acointier, a verb meaning “make known.” Being the acquaintance of a person or topic means that you know something about it. An acquaintance is less intimate than a friend, like a person in your class whose name you know, but that’s it. When you “make the acquaintance of” someone, you meet them for the first time. If you know nothing about eggplants, you’d say, “I have little acquaintance with eggplants.”
WORD FAMILY
acquaintance: acquaintances, acquaintanceship+/ acquaint: acquaintance, acquainted, acquainting, acquaints, reacquaint /acquaintanceship: acquaintanceships/ acquainted: unacquainted/ reacquaint: reacquainted, reacquainting, reacquaints
USAGE EXAMPLES
Among owners who purchased their most recent gun from a friend or acquaintance, 77% did so without a background check.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Police say that the 57-year-old officer was visiting an acquaintance in the area at the time of the shooting.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
David Wildstein, another Port Authority official who was a high school acquaintance of Christie’s, pleaded guilty and testified for the government.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 相识的人，熟人; 相识; 对…有了解; 知识，心得
分布：熟人(47%)，相识(33%)，了解(20%)
了解,熟悉(acquaint告知+ance表名词)[quaint=know,表示"知道"]
n.认识,相识,了解;相识的人,熟人Squirrel inquired an acquaintance and acquired the requirements.松鼠询问了一位熟人,得知了那些要求.
【记】可能源于acquire（vt 获得, 学到）
【参】quaint（adj 奇妙的，古怪的）；acquaint（v 和…相知）
noun
 ADVANCED countable
■a person that you have met but do not know well 相识的人，熟人；泛泛之交
• a business acquaintance 在生意上打过交道的人
 ADVANCED uncountable formal
■used in some expressions about knowing or meeting people （用在某些表达方式中表示）认识，结识
• It was at the Taylors' party that I first made his acquaintance (= first met him). 我是在泰勒家的聚会上初次和他相识的。
• I wasn't sure about Darryl when I first met her, but on further acquaintance (= knowing her a little more) I rather like her. 第一次遇到达里尔时，我不确定自己对她的观感。但是随着进一步的了解，我很喜欢她。
uncountable formal
■knowledge of a subject （对某一学科的）所知，了解
• Sadly, my acquaintance with Spanish literature is rather limited. 可惜，我对西班牙文学所知相当有限。
[ə'kweɪn.tənts] noun
have a passing/slight/nodding acquaintance with sth formal
■to have very little knowledge or experience of a subject 对…所知甚少
• I'm afraid I have only a nodding acquaintance with his works. 恐怕我对他作品的了解只是皮毛而已。
acquaintance, pal, mate, friend
这组词都有“朋友”的意思，其区别是：
acquaintance: 指彼此相识，但交往不甚密切，相互间没有深厚情感的人。
pal: 口语用词，指十分要好的朋友。
mate: 最普通用词，既可指好友、同事，又可指合伙人，还可指配偶的一方。
friend: 一般用词，指某人喜爱并乐意与之相交往的人。
n. 熟人；相识；了解；知道
 - knowledge, awareness

Word: adventurous
Front: adventurous
[ədˈventʃərəs] (托 10890/8490 -1)
Vocabulary: adventurous
(once / 1005 pages)
adj
If you're adventurous, you're eager to try new things and take risks. If you can't wait to go kayaking in the Amazon and you're willing to try that stew with the weird things floating around in it, you're adventurous.
Adventurous means eager for adventure, and both words come from the Latin for “about to happen” — an adventure always has an element of the unknown. Being adventurous means you’re willing to go where you haven’t been before and do things you’ve never done, even if you don’t know how it’s going to turn out.
WORD FAMILY
adventurous: adventurously, adventurousness, unadventurous+/ adventure: adventured, adventurer, adventures, adventuresome, adventuring, adventurism, adventurous, misadventure /adventurer: adventurers/adventurism: adventurisms, adventuristic/ misadventure: misadventures/unadventurous: unadventurously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lounging on beaches, hiking through vineyards and sampling some great wines await the adventurous traveler.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Unsparing in its criticism, “B.A.N.” is stunningly hilarious nevertheless and one of the year’s most adventurous episodes.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Instead, some of them grew eccentric and adventurous, impulsive and experimental, instinctive and personal — at times, bordering on avant-garde.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 爱冒险的; 大胆的; 危险的
分布：冒险的(53%)，爱冒险的(22%)，大胆的(18%)，惊险的(7%)
爱冒险的[ven,vent=come,表示"来"]
US [-tʃɚ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■willing to try new or difficult things, or exciting and often dangerous 喜欢冒险的；大胆创新的；惊险刺激的，惊险的
• I'm trying to be more adventurous with my cooking. 我正努力在烹饪方面有所创新。
• She led an adventurous life. 她的一生充满冒险刺激。
• He's not very adventurous sexually. 他不是过于追求性刺激的人。
adj. 爱冒险的；大胆的；充满危险的
 - bold, stouthearted

Word: center
Front: center
['sentə] (雅 530/8131)
Vocabulary: center
(once / 39 pages)
1nvadj 2nv 3n 4n 5nadj
Whether you are the center of attention or hanging out at the recreation center, you are in the middle of it all.
You might think of a circle when you think of a center, but a center is also a building or group of buildings. One five-sided place, the Pentagon in the U.S., is actually a center of government activity. A recreation center is a place where a lot of recreation happens, just as a medical center is where a lot of doctors and nurses give medical treatment. These centers are buildings or complexes where a certain kind of activity takes place, and a word before center often tells you what the activity is. As a verb, you can center your attention on something or center a centerpiece in the middle of a table.
WORD FAMILY
center: centered, centeredly, centering, centers, central, centric, centrical+/centered: self-centered /centering: centerings/ central: centralise, centralism, centrality, centralize, centrally, centrals/centralisation: centralisations/centralise: centralisation, centralised, centralises, centralising, decentralise/centralised: decentralised/centralising: decentralising/centralism: centralist, centralistic/centrality: centralities/centralization: centralizations/centralize: centralization, centralized, centralizes, centralizing, decentralize/centric: bicentric, centrically/decentralise: decentralisation, decentralises/decentralize: decentralization, decentralized, decentralizes, decentralizing/ self-centered: self-centeredness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The system is merging the two hospitals into a $1 billion medical center focused heavily on outpatient care.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
As players arrived to collect their belongings from the team’s practice center, some exchanged goodbyes, unsure if they would be back here in the spring.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Respected policy centers and thinktanks on both sides of the Atlantic are beginning to think along these lines.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 中心; （球队的） 中锋; 中心区; 中枢
adj. 中央的，位于正中的; （在）中心的
vt. 集中; 使聚集在一点; 定中心; 居中
vi. 居中，有中心，被置于中心
时态：centered, centering, centers
分布：中心(95%)，居中(4%)，使集中(1%)
→来自kent, 刺，词根ac的现在分词，词源同acid, cone, amniocentesis(羊膜穿刺术). 原指圆规的固定点，中心点。
US [-tˌɚ] noun verb US for centre
midst, center, heart, core, middle
这组词都有“中心”的意思，其区别是：
midst: 书面语用词，指在一个群体的深处或在某活动的进程中。
center: 指三维空间的中心点，也可比喻抽象事物的中心。
heart: 指事物最内部或最重要的部分，表地理位置时可与center换用。
core: 指某事物固定的中心部分或最重要的核心部分。比喻意义指某物的精华。
middle: 一般指时间、空间或过程两端间等距的部分。
n. 中心，中央；中锋；中心点
 - focus, hub, middle
vi. 居中，被置于中心
 - mediate
vt. 集中，使聚集在一点；定中心
 - concentrate, localise
adj. 中央的，位在正中的
 - mid, ental

Word: diagnostic
Front: diagnostic
[ˌdaɪəgˈnɒstɪk] (六 6657/7399 -1)
Vocabulary: diagnostic
(once / 6534 pages)
adj
Anything diagnostic has to do with disease, especially figuring out which one a patient has.
If your doctor wants to run diagnostic tests, then she isn't exactly sure what's wrong with you — so the tests will help diagnose you (figure out what's wrong). The TV show House is all about diagnostic tests: it features illnesses that are unusual and hard to determine. But anything diagnostic is trying to figure out what's wrong. A writing test could be called diagnostic if it's trying to determine how good or bad your writing skills are.
WORD FAMILY
diagnostic: diagnostically, diagnostician+/diagnosable: undiagnosable/ diagnose: diagnosable, diagnosed, diagnosing/diagnosed: undiagnosed/ diagnosis: diagnose, diagnoses, diagnostic /diagnostician: diagnosticians
USAGE EXAMPLES
They transmit data wirelessly to an adapter that plugs into the car’s diagnostic port near the steering wheel.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In all, the budget includes $3 million in new diagnostic equipment to replace outdated pieces.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Like other movements that seek to challenge the authority of psychiatry’s diagnostic categories, the Hearing Voices Movement is controversial.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 诊断的，判断的; 特征的
n. 诊断法，诊断程式; 诊断结论
分布：诊断的(88%)，特征的(12%)
ADJ
(用于)诊断的;(用于)判断的
Diagnostic equipment, methods, or systems are used for discovering what is wrong with people who are ill or with things that do not work properly.
例：...X-rays and other diagnostic tools.X射线和其他诊断工具
n. [临床] [计] 诊断法；诊断结论
 - clinical method

Word: climax
Front: climax
[ˈklaɪmæks] (研六托雅宝 10683/6990 -2)
Vocabulary: climax
(once / 675 pages)
nv
When something — like a movie or piece of music — reaches its most important or exciting part, that's the climax. A climax is a high point.
When you're on a roller coaster and you reach the highest point, that's the climax of the ride. This word is also used often in art and entertainment. In an adventure movie, there's usually a moment near the end when there's a lot of danger, suspense, and action — a point the whole movie has been building towards. That's the climax. After a climax, tension is released and things calm down. After a climax, you probably want to say "Whew!"
WORD FAMILY
climax: anticlimax, climactic, climaxed, climaxes, climaxing+/anticlimactic: anticlimactical, anticlimactically/ anticlimax: anticlimactic, anticlimaxes/ climactic: climactically
USAGE EXAMPLES
That really for me became the emotional climax of the whole film.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The German beat the Briton by five points after a long battle over 21 races climaxed in Abu Dhabi on Sunday.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
But how do women know for sure if they are climaxing?
The Guardian(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 顶点，极点; 高潮; 层进法; [生物学]顶极群落
vt. & vi. 达到顶点; 达到巅峰; 使达到高潮; 使达到性高潮
时态：climaxed, climaxing, climaxes
分布：高潮(92%)，极点(5%)，层进法(3%)
→来自klei,倾斜，词源同lean,incline.-ax,表示最高级，词源同apex,next,approximate.
n.顶点,高潮The slim Muslim reached his climax when he found the axis of the galaxy.苗条的穆斯林在发现银河的轴线时达到了(人生的)顶点.
noun countable
■the most important or exciting point in a story or situation, which usually happens near the end 高潮；最精彩的部分；顶点
• The climax of the air show was a daring flying display. 航空展的高潮是惊险刺激的飞行表演。
• The election campaign reaches its climax next week. 下周竞选活动将进入白热化阶段。
⇒ See also anticlimax
■the highest point of sexual pleasure 性高潮
['klaɪ.mæks] verb intransitive
■to reach the most important or exciting part 达到高潮；达到顶点
• The show climaxed with all the performers singing on stage together. 所有演员同台高歌把演出推向了高潮。
• The Olympics climaxed in a spectacular closing ceremony. 奥运会在壮观的闭幕式中达到了高潮。
■to reach the highest point of sexual pleasure 达到性高潮
peak, sumit, climax, top
这组词都有“顶点”的意思，其区别是：
peak: 指山峰的全部或上部。
sumit: 书面用词，指山的最顶峰部分，也指通过努力可以达到的最高水平，还指最重要的，国家间的首脑最高级会谈。
climax: 指戏剧等的高潮，也指事物发展中的极点，因此多含其后由盛而衰的意味。
top: 普通用词，可指包括人或物或其它任何的最高点或顶点。
n. 高潮；顶点；层进法；极点
 - height, summit, sky, peak, pole

Word: exorbitant
Front: exorbitant
[ɪgˈzɔ:bɪtənt] (托雅宝 16520/18828)
Vocabulary: exorbitant
(once / 2706 pages)
adj
Use the adjective exorbitant when you want to describe something that is really just too much! You'll often hear people griping about exorbitant bank fees or exorbitant interest rates.
The adjective exorbitant was originally a legal term to describe a case that was outside the bounds of the law. It comes from the Latin roots — the prefix ex, meaning "out of," and orbita, meaning "wheel track." You can see how the word now has come to be described as something that has gone way off the beaten track, especially in terms of price and value.
WORD FAMILY
exorbitant: exorbitance, exorbitantly+/ exorbitance: exorbitances
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Shapira reprimanded the prime minister again that same year, saying living and hospitality expenses for both his official residence and private home were exorbitant.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
It accuses wealthy business owners of hoarding food and charging exorbitant prices, creating artificial shortages to profit from the country’s misery.
New York Times(Jun 19, 2016)
The Chavez family lost their home after Omar was injured, which prevented him from working – and then faced the area’s exorbitant rent costs.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 过度的，极高的
分布：过分的(74%)，不合法的(26%)
→ex-, 向外。orbit, 轨道。即偏离正常轨道的，引申义价格高得离谱的。
过分的,过度的(exhu+orbit轨道+ant→出轨的,过分的)[orbit=circle,表示"圆圈"]
【记】ex出，orbit（n 轨道；生活常规）－走出常规－过分的
【参】n （价格、要求等）过高；（性格、行为等）过分（不好）
US [-'z:ɔr.bə.tˌənt] adjective
■Exorbitant prices and demands, etc. are much too large （价格、要求等）过分的，过高的，离谱的
• The bill for dinner was exorbitant. 晚餐的价钱太高了。
adj. （要价等）过高的；（性格等）过分的；不在法律范围之内的
 - excessive, ultra, tall

Word: disparage
Front: disparage
[dɪˈspærɪdʒ] (托宝 17289/21837)
Vocabulary: disparage
(once / 1695 pages)
v
If you haven't got anything nice to say, then it's time to disparage someone. It means to belittle or degrade a person or idea.
Disparage is a specific way to describe a certain kind of insult, the kind that secures the insulter's place as superior. It often refers to an opinion or criticism lobbed in print or via word of mouth, not necessarily an act done to someone's face. If someone or something is being disparaged, you will often find a competing interest in the wings.
WORD FAMILY
disparage: disparaged, disparagement, disparager, disparages, disparaging +/ disparagement: disparagements/disparager: disparagers/ disparaging: disparagingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
You may find these are not happy prophecies, but please don’t disparage the messenger.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It seemed as much an attempt to shock the political establishment as a way to disparage Obama.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
He got a call recently from a man who was disparaging Islam.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 轻视; 贬低; 批评; 非难
时态：disparaged, disparaging, disparages
分布：蔑视(65%)，贬损(35%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。-par, 相等，相同，词源同part, peer. 即不在一个级别，贬低。
轻视,贬抑(dis不+par+age→不平等对待→轻视)[par=equal,表示"平等"]
【源】dis不是，parage＝passenger过路客：对于商家来说，对老主顾都特别的殷勤，而对过路客就不愿意提供良好的服务，采取一种藐视的态度。
【记】dis，par平等－不平等－贬低dis不，par＝peer贵族－不是贵族－贬低
【参】parity（n 相等；平等）
【反】champion（v 拥护）；aggrandize（v 夸大）；extol（v 赞美）；kudos（n 名望；声誉）；adulate（vt 奉承）；revere（v 尊敬）
US [-'sper-] verb transitive
■to criticize someone or something in a way that shows you do not respect or value them 贬斥，贬低
• The actor's work for charity has recently been disparaged in the press as an attempt to get publicity. 该演员为慈善事业所做的工作近来被报纸说成是想出名。
vt. 蔑视；毁谤
 - hold in scorn, contemn

Word: infiltration
Front: infiltration
[ˌɪnfɪl'treɪʃn] (15498/16004)
Back: n. 渗透; 下渗; 渗滤; 入渗
分布：浸润(89%)，渗入(11%)
VERB
渗透，潜入(地方、组织中等)
If people infiltrate a place or organization, or infiltrate into it, they enter it secretly in order to spy on it or influence it.
例：Activists had infiltrated the student movement...激进分子已经渗入到了学生运动中。
例：The street protests had been infiltrated by people bent on violence...街头抗议的人群中已经渗入了一些倾向于暴力的人。
VERB
使渗入;使渗透
To infiltrate people into a place or organization means to get them into it secretly in order to spy on it or influence it.
例：Some countries have infiltrated their agents into the Republic.一些国家已派间谍渗入了该共和国内部。
n. 渗透；渗透物
 - penetration, osmosis, permeation

Word: hoop
Front: hoop
[hu:p] (宝 7962/11838 -1)
Vocabulary: hoop
(once / 1286 pages)
nv
A hoop is a ring or circle made of some stiff material. Gardeners use hoops to support plants, and many people wear hoops around their wrists as bracelets.
You can try to toss a basketball through a hoop, wear gold hoops as earrings, or sport an old fashioned hoop skirt, a flexible band that widens a petticoat and the skirt covering it. You can also rotate and spin a hula hoop around your body for fun. If your boss makes you "jump through hoops" at work, it means she requires you to complete difficult, possibly unnecessary, tasks.
WORD FAMILY
hoop: hooped, hooping, hoops
USAGE EXAMPLES
“But there are still a lot of hoops to jump through, a lot of hurdles to get over.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
He is a revered coach on a reservation where hoops are a cousin to religion.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Old Mill hit its free throws down the stretch for a 58-54 win in the final of the Waldorf Holiday Hoops Classic.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 箍; 铁环; 呼呼声
vt. 加箍于; 包围
vi. 唬唬地叫，发呼呼声
时态：hooped, hooping, hoops
分布：箍(53%)，铁环(16%)，包围(10%)，加箍于(6%)，呼呼声(6%)，发呼呼声(6%)，裙撑(3%)
→来自古英语hop,环形物体，来自Proto-Germanic*hopa,弯，转，弧，来自kab,弯，转，词源同cubit,cup,cooper.引申词义箍，环。
noun countable
■a ring of wood, metal or plastic, or sometimes a half ring 环；圈；半圈
• The dogs had been trained to jump through hoops. 这些狗受过跳圈圈训练。
■(also hoop earring)
■a ring-shaped earring (= a piece of jewellery which hangs from the ear) 圆形耳环
• She was wearing large gold hoops in her ears. 她耳朵上戴着一副大大的金耳环。
[hu:p] noun countable
go/jump through hoops
■to do a lot of difficult things before you are allowed to have or do something you want 经历磨难
n. [建] 箍；铁环；呼呼声
 - burr
vt. 加箍于；包围
 - invest, case

Word: fountain
Front: fountain
[ˈfaʊntən] (高研四六托雅 5279/6028 -2)
Vocabulary: fountain
(once / 265 pages)
n
A fountain is a decorative structure that shoots streams of water into the air. You might see a big fountain in front of a museum, or install a small one in your back yard.
You can use the noun fountain any time you talk about a shooting flow of water, whether it's a deliberate, artificial piece of architecture or an accidental fountain caused by the faucet in your kitchen sink breaking suddenly, sending a fountain of water into the air. The earliest, fifteenth century meaning of fountain was "spring of water that collects in a pool," from the Latin root word fons, "spring of water."
WORD FAMILY
fountain: fountains
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was by chance that Galarza, 42, of Fountain Hill, discovered the crime was still on his record.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The hydrant in front became a summertime fountain.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Based on Ben Fountain's bestselling book, the movie sought to mix the post-traumatic stress disorder of modern war with a gentle satire about American excess.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 人工喷泉; 喷水池; 喷射; 源泉
分布：喷泉(79%)，源泉(10%)，泉水(9%)，使像喷泉一样流(1%)，储水容器(1%)
→来自拉丁语fons, 水源，泉源。可能来自dhen, 流动，奔流，词源同Danube(多瑙河).或来自gheu, 倾注，流入，词源同geyser, gush,found.
n.泉水,喷泉,源泉I mounted the mountain and found a fountain with large amount of water.我登上那座山发现一个水量很大的喷泉.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a stream of water that is forced up into the air through a small hole, especially for decorative effect, or the structure in a lake or pool from which this flows 泉水；（尤指具有装饰效果的）喷泉
fountain, spring
这组词都有“泉”的意思，其区别是：
fountain: 指天然或供观赏或饮水用的人工泉或喷泉。引申用根“根源”或“源泉”解。
spring: 指从地面自然涌出的天然泉。
n. [地质] 喷泉，泉水；源泉
 - principle, well

Word: infusion
Front: infusion
[ɪnˈfju:ʒn] (六托 10082/9307 -1)
Vocabulary: infusion
(once / 2277 pages)
1n 2n
The most common example of an infusion you are likely to encounter in your daily life is your morning cup of coffee. An infusion is the creation of a new substance by steeping another substance in a liquid, usually water.
Infusion is often misused with transfusion, which has a slightly different meaning. A transfusion, as in a blood transfusion, is the simple addition of one substance to another, without the creation of something new. But a drip feed of medicine, for example, is technically an infusion as it alters the state of the blood. See, you’re halfway to becoming a doctor (or at least a linguist) simply by reading this site.
WORD FAMILY
infusion: infusions+/ infuse: infused, infuses, infusing, infusion
USAGE EXAMPLES
He travels from Beaufort to the Charleston VA Medical Center once every three weeks for an immunotherapy infusion.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
“In 1980, after a decade of stagnation, we needed an infusion of individualism,” he wrote.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Thursday’s announcement of a “letter of credit” stops short of providing an actual cash infusion, Hebert said.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 注入; 灌输; 泡制，浸渍; 注入物
分布：注入(62%)，灌输(26%)，激励(6%)，泡制(6%)
→来自infuse,注入。
注入(infuse+ion)[fus=pour,表示"流,泻"]
noun countable or uncountable
■when one thing is added to another to make it stronger or better 注入；灌输；泡制
• An infusion of $100 000 into the company is required. 公司需要挹注十万美元的资金。
• She drinks an infusion of herbs (= a drink made by leaving herbs in hot water). 她喝冲泡的草药。
n. 灌输；浸泡；注入物；激励
 - stimulus, animation

Word: juggle
Front: juggle
[ˈdʒʌgl] (研 9584/11109 -1)
Vocabulary: juggle
(once / 1455 pages)
1vn 2vn
To juggle is to toss several items in the air and keep them moving from hand to hand, with at least one of them suspended at any given moment. Most beginners learn to juggle using balls or beanbags, not knives.
A skilled juggler can juggle stuffed animals or oranges, or even knives and flaming torches. It's also possible to figuratively juggle, like when you juggle three jobs at once or juggle your responsibilities as a student, pet owner, and friend. In these examples, you manage several things at the same time. Juggle comes from the Old French jogler, "play tricks or sing songs," from the Latin root ioculari, "to jest."
WORD FAMILY
juggle: juggled, juggler, jugglery, juggles, juggling+/ juggler: jugglers/jugglery: juggleries/juggling: jugglings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Over the course of 13 episodes we watch Christine as she juggles life as a law student with a new career as a high-end escort.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
“It’s a lot to juggle all the time.”
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
They leap, juggle and perform myriad other feats, all while backed by a live band.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 用…玩杂耍，边抛边接; 歪曲，篡改; 欺骗; 失去平衡
vi. 玩杂耍; 耍花招; 欺骗
n. 玩杂耍; 花招，骗局
时态：juggled, juggling, juggles
分布：玩杂耍(44%)，欺骗(27%)，纂改(13%)，同时做(10%)，花招(6%)
→来自拉丁语joculari,玩耍，玩乐，词源同joke,jocular.引申词义玩杂耍同时抛接物体，同时应付等。
verb
ENTERTAIN 娱乐
intransitive or transitive
■to throw several objects up into the air, and then catch and throw them up repeatedly so that one or more stays in the air, usually in order to entertain people （用…）玩杂耍 ；耍把戏
• We all watched in amazement as he juggled with three flaming torches. 他拿三根燃烧的火把耍把戏，我们都看呆了。
['dʒʌg.l] verb
MANAGE 应付
transitive informal
■to succeed in arranging your life so that you have time to involve yourself in two or more different activities or groups of people 尽力同时应付（两种或两种以上不同的活动或人）
• Many parents find it hard to juggle children and a career. 许多父母发现一边照顾孩子一边忙事业很难应付。
['dʒʌg.l] verb
CHANGE 改变
transitive informal
■to change results or information recorded as numbers so that a situation seems to be better that it really is 歪曲，篡改
• It won't matter if we juggle the figures - no one will know. 我们窜改这些数字没关系——没人会知道的。
vi. 玩杂耍；欺骗；歪曲
 - kid, pull a fast one
vt. 歪曲；欺骗
 - colour, sell, fox
n. 玩戏法；欺骗
 - fraud, deception

Word: interpreter
Front: interpreter
[ɪnˈtɜ:prɪtə(r)] (高四六 5628/7208)
Vocabulary: interpreter
(once / 597 pages)
n
An interpreter is someone who translates something to make it understandable, usually spoken language. When your class takes a trip to Russia, you’ll likely have an interpreter to translate Russian to English so you can understand what people are saying to you.
Need to talk to someone who doesn't speak your language? You'll need an interpreter. Say you're interviewing a Bulgarian diplomat, but you don't speak Bulgarian. The interpreter would listen to a few sentences in Bulgarian and then repeat them in English, and then listen to your English response and repeat that in Bulgarian. We also use interpreter for artists who represent ideas or places in their work. If you paint industrial cityscapes, you're an interpreter of urban life.
WORD FAMILY
interpreter: interpreters+/ interpret: interpretable, interpretation, interpretative, interpreted, interpreter, interpreting, interpretive, interprets, misinterpret, reinterpret / interpretation: interpretations/ interpretative: interpretatively/interpreting: interpretings/ misinterpret: misinterpretation, misinterpreted, misinterpreting, misinterprets/ misinterpretation: misinterpretations/ reinterpret: reinterpretation, reinterpreted, reinterpreting, reinterprets/ reinterpretation: reinterpretations
USAGE EXAMPLES
A timely novel about the conflict in Syria, told from the perspective of an Arab American interpreter trapped in Turkey.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
They settled inside, listening with an interpreter to intercepted Taliban radio chatter.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Haydarov required a Russian interpreter during a court appearance Tuesday.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 解释者; 口译译员; [军事]判读员; [自]翻译器
分布：口译员(94%)，演绎的人(6%)
→来自interpret,口译。
US [-'tɝ:.prɪ.tˌɚ] noun countable
BETWEEN LANGUAGES 不同语言之间
■someone whose job is to change what someone else is saying into another language 口译员
• She works as an interpreter in Brussels. 她在布鲁塞尔做口译员。
• Speaking through an interpreter, the president said the terms of the ceasefire were completely unacceptable. 透过口译员的翻译，总统说该停火条件完全不能接受。
■specialized
■a computer program that changes the instructions in another program into a form that can be easily understood by a computer （电脑）解译程式
UK [ɪn'tɜ:.prɪ.tər] US [-'tɝ:.prɪ.tˌɚ] noun countable
EXPRESSING 表达
■someone who performs a piece of music or a part in a play, etc. in a way that expresses their own ideas about its meaning （音乐或戏剧的）表演者；演绎者（以自己的理解方式表演）
• He's a noted interpreter of traditional Irish music. 他是爱尔兰传统音乐的著名演绎者。
n. 解释者；口译者；注释器
 - expounder

Word: lust
Front: lust
[lʌst] (托宝 7684/8796 -1)
Vocabulary: lust
(once / 356 pages)
nv
Lust is a strong craving for sex. It also can mean a hunger for anything, like lust for power.
While lust isn't a dirty word, it is a strong word. You don't have lust for something you don't really care about. Lust is a strong, powerful desire, whether it's a noun or verb: you lust for things you deeply crave. Someone greedy lusts for money. Someone gluttonous lusts for food. The most basic meaning of lust is an unquenchable desire for sex, but people lust for all sorts of things.
WORD FAMILY
lust: lusted, lustful, lusting, lusts, lusty +/lustful: lustfully, lustfulness/lustfulness: lustfulnesses/ lusty: lustier, lustiest, lustily, lustiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Lust for Life,” perhaps the most famous collaboration between you and Bowie, will appear in the coming “Trainspotting” sequel.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Andrew Harris said in a news release late Sunday that 27-year-old Wade Adam Mosely was arrested and charged in the shooting at the Lust club.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
The judge told Port that he had carried out the murders to "satisfy his lust" for sex with young men who were rendered unconscious.
BBC(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 强烈的性欲; 肉欲，色情; 强烈的欲望; 渴望，热烈追求
vi. 贪求; 渴望; 好色
时态：lusted, lusting, lusts
分布：欲望(50%)，渴望(22%)，贪欲(11%)，贪求(9%)，色欲(8%)
→来自古英语lust,渴望，胃口，愉悦，追求，来自Proto-Germanic,需要，渴望，来自las,没有管制的，没有控制的，可能来自leu,松开，词源同lose,loose.后主要用于指性欲，肉欲，其它词义逐渐消失。词义演变比较wanton,lascivious.
【记】源于：last，全世界就剩了最后一个女子，引起－lust
noun
SEX 性
uncountable
■a very strong sexual desire 锁色，色欲，强烈的性欲
• I don't think it's love so much as lust. 我认为这其中性多于爱。
[lʌst] noun
WISH 愿望
countable or uncountable
■a very powerful feeling of wanting something 贪欲
• her lust for power 她对权力的贪恋
• It's wonderful to see the children's lust for life (= how enthusiastic they are about life). 看到孩子们这样热爱生活真是太好了。
[lʌst] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  lust after sb
■to feel sexual desire for someone you are not having a sexual relationship with 渴望与（某人）发生性关系，对（某人）有强烈的情欲
• She's been lusting after Dave for months. 她觊觎戴夫已经有好几个月了。
[lʌst] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  lust after/for sth
■to want something very much 渴望获得
• I've been lusting after one of their silk shirts for ages. 我一直渴望能有一件他们那样的丝绸衬衫。
n. 性欲；强烈的欲望
 - sexual desire, libido
vi. 贪求，渴望
 - rare, aspire

Word: recite
Front: recite
[rɪˈsaɪt] (中高研四六雅 6397/8563 -1)
Vocabulary: recite
(once / 303 pages)
v
You are showing off your ability to recite, or repeat aloud from memory, when you say the entire text of "The Gettysburg Address" or name all the past winners of your town’s asparagus eating contest.
Recite entered the English language as a legal term but is now more often used in the realms of education, literature, and religion. Children in school may be assigned a famous poem to recite in front of the class or be tested on how well they can recite their multiplication tables. In many religious traditions, being able to recite passages of sacred texts is an important part of practicing the religion.
WORD FAMILY
recite: recital, recitation, recited, reciter, recites, reciting+/ recital: recitalist, recitals/recitalist: recitalists/ recitation: recitations/reciter: reciters
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Sunday, a dozens of people gathered on a street corner to recite the names of the victims in what’s become an annual gathering.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Verbal rehearsal of material—the shopping list you recite as you walk the aisles of a supermarket—is part of our working memory system.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
When two students at the University of Oklahoma triggered a storm by reciting a racist chant, one of their parents issued a public apology.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 背诵; 叙述; 列举
vt. 详述，列举; 吟诵
vi. 背诵; 叙述
时态：recited, reciting, recites
分布：背诵(72%)，朗诵(15%)，列举(6%)，叙述(6%)，回答问题(1%)
→re-,向后，往回，cite,召唤，援引。引申词义想起，背诵，朗诵。
背诵;演奏[cit=quote,call,表示"引用,唤起"]
v.背诵,朗诵On the exciting kite site, the excited reciter cited my verse.在激动人心的风筝现场,激动的朗诵者应用了我的诗句.
verb intransitive or transitive
■to say a piece of writing aloud from memory, or to publicly state a list of things 背诵；朗诵；当众吟诵
• She proudly recited the Oath of Allegiance. 她自豪地背诵《效忠誓言》。
• The opposition party recited a long list of the government's failings. 反对党列举出政府一大堆失误之处。
vt. 背诵；叙述；列举
 - repeat, specify, relate
vi. 背诵；叙述
 - say over, learn sth by memory

Word: scandalous
Front: scandalous
[ˈskændələs] (15369/13838 -1)
Vocabulary: scandalous
(once / 1310 pages)
adj
Scandalous describes something that's shocking, and maybe a little embarrassing or even offensive. Your great-grandfather might be a scandalous character in your family history if he was married seven times, each time to younger and younger wives.
The adjective scandalous can refer to something morally offensive, or even illegal, although it's used often simply to mean "shocking". It describes something that has potential to cause a scandal, which comes from the Greek skandalon, "a trap laid for an enemy." This idea of a trap or a snare is a great metaphor; you can stumble into scandal as if it's just waiting for you to make a misstep, and if you do the results will be scandalous.
WORD FAMILY
scandalous: scandalously, scandalousness+/ scandal: scandalise, scandalize, scandalous, scandals/scandalise: scandalisation, scandalised, scandalises, scandalising/scandalize: scandalization, scandalized, scandalizes, scandalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ishii's resignation fits with the remarkably common pattern of Japanese CEOs stepping down after a shameful or scandalous incident at the firms they lead.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Maybe a piece of scandalous news will sink a Trump nominee; maybe it won’t.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Referring to Rodchenkov, Putin says claims the allegations stem from "one man with a scandalous reputation".
BBC(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 丢脸的; 诽谤性的
分布：可耻的(78%)，不体面的(16%)，可恶的(6%)
→scandal,丑闻，-ous,形容词后缀。
【记】源于：scandal（n 丑闻；诽谤）
adjective
■making people shocked and upset 令人反感的；令人震惊的
• scandalous stories 丑闻事件
• It's scandalous that we do so little to prevent homelessness. 我们无法有效解决无家可归的现象，这真丢脸。
adj. 可耻的；诽谤性的
 - shameful, yellow-dog

Word: panacea
Front: panacea
[ˌpænəˈsi:ə] (托宝 15848/18631 -1)
Vocabulary: panacea
(once / 9156 pages)
n
If someone offers you a pill that promises eternal life, don’t take the pill. It’s a panacea, a remedy that falsely claims to solve every problem ever.
The Greek word pan means “all” (think of a panorama, a view where you can see everywhere). The Greek word for “cure” is akēs (which looks like the word “aches”). Those are the roots of panacea, a cure for all aches. But a panacea doesn’t really cure everything; it just acts like it can. Use the word to describe an unbelievable solution, like a new law that will make everyone rich, or a robot that does your homework for you.
WORD FAMILY
panacea: panaceas
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s no panacea, but it would be a valuable contribution because industrial steam-making boilers are hard to run on renewable energy.
The Guardian(Jan 03, 2017)
The next option is the rosy, rightwing panacea for all things of late: annexation of the West Bank, what the right calls Judea and Samaria.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Smoothies are not a panacea for losing weight.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 万应灵药; 治百病的药
分布：灵丹妙药(64%)，万灵药(36%)
→来自希腊语panakes,万灵药，来自pan,全部，所有，akos,治疗，词源同pediatric,psychiatric.
noun countable usually singular disapproving
■something that will solve all problems （能解决一切问题的）万能之计，灵丹妙药
• Technology is not a panacea for all our problems. 科技并非灵丹妙药，不能解决我们的一切问题。
■something that will cure all illnesses 包治百病的药，万灵药
n. 灵丹妙药；万能药
 - catholicon, elixir

Word: anil
Front: anil
['ænɪl] (41326/47121)
Back: n. 木蓝属植物，假蓝靛
分布：木蓝属植物(67%)，蓝(33%)
n. 靛蓝；木蓝属植物； [有化] 缩苯胺
 - thumb blue, indigo blue

Word: adversity
Front: adversity
[ədˈvɜ:səti] (托 11343/14307 -1)
Vocabulary: adversity
(once / 1394 pages)
n
When circumstances or situations work against you, you face adversity. Refugees from war-torn countries encounter terrible adversity.
Adversity, a noun which has been part of the English language for over 800 years, comes from the Latin adversus, literally "turned against," and figuratively "hostile or unfavorable." When things seem against you — circumstances or a stoke of bad luck — you are facing adversity. Sometimes people use a form of the phrase "turning adversity into opportunity." This refers to the ability some people or companies have to take a bad situation and make it into a successful one.
WORD FAMILY
adversity: adversities+/ adverse: adversely, adversity
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They’re trained to deal with and overcome problems, and in farming, there’s a lot of adversity and a lot of problem-solving.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
When faced with adversity and disappointment, it is often comforting to look inward to the essence of being.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
We want to be as steadfast in adversity as they are.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 逆境; 不幸; 灾难
分布：逆境(81%)，不幸(10%)，灾难(9%)
【记】ad朝向，vers移转，ity名次后缀－转来坏运气－灾难
【区】adversary n 敌手，对手，ary结尾表示人adversity以ity结尾，是普通名词。或记：以sity＝city结尾，一般来说，城市比较容易遇到灾难，比如：纽约遭受的恐怖袭击。
US [-'vɝ:.sə.tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
■a difficult or unlucky situation or event 逆境；不幸；厄运
• She was always cheerful in adversity. 身处逆境时，她也从不垂头丧气。
• The road to happiness is paved with adversities. 通往幸福的道路上荆棘满途。
n. 逆境；不幸；灾难；灾祸
 - disaster, tragedy, evil, grief

Word: subjective
Front: subjective
[səbˈdʒektɪv] (高研六雅宝 5947/5186 -1)
Vocabulary: subjective
(once / 1492 pages)
adj
Things that are subjective are open to interpretation. If you go see a movie about a jewel thief, the topic is not subjective. But whether it's a good movie or not is subjective.
Subjective things depend on your own ideas and opinions: there isn't any universal truth. Subjective is the opposite of objective, which refers to things that are more clear-cut. That Earth has one moon is objective — it's a fact. Whether the moon is pretty or not is subjective — not everyone will agree. Facts are objective, but opinions are subjective. What's the best song, band, movie, or TV show? These are all very subjective issues. There's no right answer.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
objective / subjective
Anything objective sticks to the facts, but anything subjective has feelings. Objective and subjective are opposites. Objective: It is raining. Subjective: I love the rain!
Objective is a busy word and that's a fact. An objective is a goal, but to be objective is to be unbiased. If you're objective about something, you have no personal feelings about it. In grammar land, objective relates to the object of a sentence. Anyway, people often try to be objective, but it's easier for robots. Here are examples:
"DNA testing and fingerprint analysis and all that technology stuff is objective, they declare confidently. The machine cannot be fooled." (Salon)
"Consider checking in with a third party, to get an objective opinion." (Wall Street Journal)
Subjective , on the other hand, has feelings. Anything subjective is subject to interpretation. In grammar land, this word relates to the subject of the sentence. Usually, subjective means influenced by emotions or opinions. Humans are a subjective bunch and we like it that way! Here's subjective in the wild:
"Because many of the decisions we made are subjective, there is the possibility of human error in our data set." (Slate)
"Now, I realize that is totally subjective because there is no standard unit of measurement for fun." (New York Times)
It's true that opposites attract. Here are some examples of both words cozying up in the same sentence:
"But now we, as a pathologists, need more objective measures because symptoms, to a certain degree, are subjective." ( Time)
"We take our unruly, subjective feelings about a year of television and groom them into something that looks mathematical and objective." (Slate)
Be objective when writing things like summaries or news articles, but feel free to be subjective for arguments and opinions.
WORD FAMILY
subjective: nonsubjective, subjectively, subjectiveness, subjectivism, subjectivity +/subjectivism: subjectivisms, subjectivist/subjectivist: subjectivists/ subjectivity: subjectivities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The problem with the argument that “government is fat” is that it’s a subjective argument.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
"The editing for this project is both subjective and personal," he said.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Here is an unapologetically subjective list of nine objects that were notable in 2016.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 主观的; 个人的; 内省的
分布：主观的(100%)
→来自 subject,从属于，受支配于，-ive,形容词后缀。引申比喻义受大脑支配的，用于语法格 指主观的。比较 objective,客观的。
a.主观(上)的,个人的His arguments were never subjective.他的论点从来不是主观的.
adjective
 ADVANCED
■influenced by or based on personal beliefs or feelings, rather than based on facts 主观的
• I think my husband is the most handsome man in the world, but I realize my judgment is rather subjective. 我觉得我丈夫是世界上最帅的男人，当然我也意识到我的判断很主观。
• More specific and less subjective criteria should be used in selecting people for promotion within the company. 公司内部决定升职人选时，需要藉助更具体、更客观的标准。
Compare objective
adj. 主观的；个人的；自觉的
 - personal, individual

Word: whack
Front: whack
[wæk] (11376/19115 -1)
Back: vt. 重击，使劲打; 分配; 击败; 削减
n. 重击; 一份儿; 尝试; 状况
时态：whacked, whacking, whacks
分布：重打(29%)，重击(21%)，一份(19%)，尝试(14%)，敲击(10%)，瓜分(7%)
→拟声词。
verb
transitive
■to hit someone or something noisily 猛打，猛击，重击
• He whacked the tree trunk with his stick. 他用手杖猛击树干。
• She whacked him in the mouth. 她猛地一拳打在他的嘴上。
transitive + adverb or preposition informal
■to quickly put something somewhere 迅速放置；随意丢放
• "Where shall I put my bag?" "Just whack it in the corner there." “我把书包放在哪里？”“丢到那边角落里就行。”
[wæk] noun
SHARE 一份
[S or U] informal
■a share or part 一份；一部分
• Low earners will pay only half the charge but high earners will have to pay full whack (= pay the whole amount). 低收入人士只需支付一半的费用，而高收入人士则需支付全额费用。
• That's not a fair whack. 这一份太少了。
top whack UK informal
■the highest possible price or payment 最高价格（或支付额）
• They're prepared to pay top whack for goods like this. 他们愿意为这样的货物出最高价格。
[wæk] noun
NOT RIGHT 不正常的
out of whack US informal
■not operating correctly or looking right 出毛病的，不正常的
• You can use Carol's old bike - the gears are out of whack, but it still goes. 你可以骑卡罗尔的旧脚踏车——齿轮可能有点问题，但还能骑。
[wæk] noun
HIT 打
countable
■the action of hitting someone or something noisily 猛打，猛击，重击
• He gave the ball a whack with his stick. 他用球棒猛击了一下球。
vt. 重打；猛击；击败；削减
 - defeat, overtype
n. 重击；尝试；份儿；机会
 - opportunity, chance, opening, stroke, room
vi. 重击
 - pound on, gang bang

Word: tommy
Front: tommy
['tɒmɪ] (40514/5145)
Back: n. 抵工资的面包，实物工资制
分布：英国兵(50%)，抵作工资的粮食(50%)

Word: ascend
Front: ascend
[əˈsend] (研六托雅 9518/11375 -1)
Vocabulary: ascend
(once / 164 pages)
v
To ascend is to move or travel upwards. You've heard about how we ascend to Heaven after we die? Well, that's because Heaven is above us, so we get to go up!
Riding the escalators in the department store is one way to amuse yourself while your mom does the shopping. You can ascend all the way to 8 (Women's Lingerie) and then descend again, all the way back to the ground floor. Both of those words come from the Latin verb scandere, which means "to climb." It's the prefixes that make all the difference. The a- of ascend makes the word mean "climb up," while the de- of its antonym makes descend mean "climb down."
WORD FAMILY
ascend: ascendable, ascendant, ascended, ascendent, ascender, ascending, ascends, ascension, ascensive+/ ascendancy: ascendancies/ ascendant: ascendance, ascendancy, ascendants/ascendency: ascendencies/ascendent: ascendence, ascendency, ascendently, ascendents/ascender: ascenders/ ascending: ascendingly, ascendings/ ascension: ascensional, ascensions/ascensive: ascensively
USAGE EXAMPLES
He is ascending in every statistical career list and might be better than ever.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Edgmon ascends to House speaker 10 years into his political career.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Each ascended to stardom, or something like it, in a unique way.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 攀登; 继承; 占领
vi. 上升; 爬坡; 追溯
时态：ascended, ascending, ascends
分布：上升(64%)，攀登(36%)
→前缀a-同ad-, 在sc, sp, st开头词根前缩小为a-. 词根scend, 爬，爬升，比较descend，下降.
登上,爬上(a向上+scend)[scend,scens,scent=climb,表示"爬,攀"]
vi.渐渐上升,升高vt.攀登,登上Those innocent adolescents ascending the hill are the tribe's descendants of decent descent.这些爬山的天真青少年是这个部落具有正派血统的后代.
【参】descent（n 下降）；transcendent（adj 卓越的，出众的）
【反】go down（下降）
[ə'send] formal
verb
GO UP 上升
intransitive or transitive
■to move up or climb something 上升；攀登；登上
• They slowly ascended the steep path up the mountain. 他们沿着陡峭的山路，缓缓地向上攀登。
• There's a long flight of steps ascending (= leading up) to the cathedral doors. 要往上走很长一段楼梯，才能到达大教堂的门前。
[ə'send] formal
verb
HIGHER RANK 较高的等级
intransitive
■to rise to a position of higher rank 登上高的职位；升级，晋升
• He eventually ascended to the position of chief executive. 他最终登上了总裁的宝座。
[ə'send] formal
verb
ascend the throne
■to become queen or king 登上王位，登基
climb, mount, ascend
这组词都有“攀登，上升”的意思，其区别是：
climb: 普通用词，含义广泛，侧重运用手足费力地攀登或上升，也可指抽象事物。
mount: 书面用词，词义与ascend相近，强调连续不断地向上移动、攀登或上涨。指骑马时用mount。
ascend: 正式用词，指不用手攀，一直上升直到相当高的地方。
vi. 上升；登高；追溯
 - raise, arise, go up, climb
vt. 攀登，上升
 - scale, climb

Word: bamboo
Front: bamboo
[ˌbæmˈbu:] (中高六雅 8248/12165 -1)
Vocabulary: bamboo
(once / 904 pages)
n
Bamboo is a woody plant with a hollow stem that's in the grass family. When bamboo is harvested and processed, it can be used to make things like flooring, paper, and chopsticks.
If bamboo is prepared correctly, it can be eaten — you'll find bamboo shoots in many Chinese dishes, for example. Without the right preparation, though, bamboo is toxic to humans. Many products are made from bamboo in part because it's one of the fastest-growing plants in the world. Bamboo is originally from the Dutch bamboe, which in turn comes from the Portuguese bambu. The root is thought to be the Malay word samambu.
WORD FAMILY
bamboo: bamboos
USAGE EXAMPLES
"Bamboo is not yet on their menu, but only their mother's milk."
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
A lucky bamboo brings good fortune and prosperity for at least a year.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Garnish with candied ginger on a bamboo skewer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 竹子; 竹竿; 竹木家具
分布：竹(76%)，竹子(24%)
→词源不详。
noun uncountable
■a tall tropical grass with hard hollow stems, or the stems of this plant 竹；竹竿
• Use bamboo canes to support tomato plants. 用竹条支撑番茄幼苗。
adj. 竹制的；土著居民的
 - Abo

Word: arduous
Front: arduous
[ˈɑ:djuəs] (托雅 12441/13723 -1)
Vocabulary: arduous
(once / 1245 pages)
adj
Use the adjective, arduous, to describe an activity that takes a lot of effort. Writing all those college essays and filling out the applications is an arduous process!
Arduous was first used in English to mean "steep" or "difficult to climb." If you're an outdoorsman, hiking up a mountain is a lot of fun, but if you're a couch potato, it's an arduous trek. Today, the word can be used figuratively for something that is difficult or takes a lot of work. If you spend an arduous week studying for your final exams, you'll do well because you've worked really hard!
WORD FAMILY
arduous: arduously, arduousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Getting there required an arduous journey and there was little infrastructure once one arrived.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He traded in his hard suitcase for a soft bag and boots, and ditched some of his clothes for the arduous walk ahead.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The diagnosis was grave, the treatment arduous and life-threatening in itself.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 努力的; 艰巨的; 难克服的; 陡峭的
分布：费力的(62%)，险峻的(22%)，辛勤的(16%)
→词源略。词义受词根ard的影响。
劳累的[ardu=difficult(困难)]
【记】ard燃烧，热，uous多…的－热多－出汗一费力的
【反】sinecure（n 闲职）－arduous employment（劳苦工作）；facile（adj 易做到的；不花力气的）
US ['ɑ:r.dʒu-] adjective
■difficult, needing a lot of effort and energy 艰难的，艰巨的；费力的
• an arduous climb/task/journey 举步维艰的攀登／艰巨的任务／艰难的旅程
adj. 努力的；费力的；险峻的
 - hard, rapid, bold, struggling

Word: cardiff
Front: cardiff
[ˈkɑ:dɪf] (-/3902)
Back: n. 加地夫（威尔士的主要海港）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: dale
Front: dale
[deɪl] (28721/7296)
Vocabulary: dale
(once / 445 pages)
n
A dale is a valley, a wide, open area that stretches between hills. Some dales have rivers or streams flowing through them, while others are covered in grasses or other plants.
When a geologist describes something as a dale or a valley, it is typically a low area that's longer than it is wide, and bordered on at least two sides by hills or mountains. Dales with rivers are often called "vales," while a very small dale is sometimes called a "hollow," pronounced "holler" in rural Appalachia. Dale comes from the Old English word for "valley," dæl.
WORD FAMILY
dale: dales
USAGE EXAMPLES
Former governor and Sen. Dale Bumpers died New Year’s Day at age 90 and former U.S.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Police chief Dale Brophy says that the man allegedly shot his wife late Thursday afternoon before turning the gun on himself.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Dale Patrick told local media outlets that deputies were initially called to a domestic disturbance at a Chestertown home Wednesday night.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. <主英><诗>山谷; 翻山越谷; 到处
分布：山谷(100%)
→来自dhel, 空的，词源同dell. 引申义峡谷。
noun countable literary or Northern
■a valley 峡谷，山谷
the (Yorkshire) Dales
■an area of northern England in which there are a lot of hills and valleys 约克郡峡谷地区
n. 山谷；排水孔
 - mountain valley, hollow

Word: devour
Front: devour
[dɪˈvaʊə(r)] (六托雅宝 8478/9824 -1)
Vocabulary: devour
(once / 370 pages)
v
When you've gone all day without eating anything, you'll probably devour your dinner, especially if it's your very favorite homemade lasagna. Devour means to eat greedily and hungrily.
The meaning of devour has grown to include the consumption of things other than food. If you sit down to start a book and look up ten hours later having turned the last page, you have devoured that book. If your after school job devours all your free time, chances are your grades are going to drop. The Latin root, devorare, means "to swallow down."
WORD FAMILY
devour: devoured, devourer, devouring, devours+/devourer: devourers/devouring: devouringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
I thought my own Rebel designation — a person who skips meals, then devours, Pac-Man like, everything in her path — was spot on.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
They are devouring crops in six of the southern African state's 10 provinces.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
This year, I devoured, in one continuous night of reading, Liz Moore’s “The Unseen World,” a novel about artificial intelligence and family secrets.
The New Yorker(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 狼吞虎咽地吃光; 吞没，毁灭; 全神贯注地看
时态：devoured, devouring, devours
分布：吞食(67%)，毁灭(28%)，贪婪地阅读(5%)
→de-, 强调，整个的。-vour, 吃，词源同herbivore, voracity. 即整个吃下去，狼吞虎咽。
吞吃(de下去+vour[=vor]→吃下去→吞吃)[vor=eat,表示"吃"]
【参】voracious（adj 狼吞虎咽的；贪婪的）
US [-'vaʊɚ] verb transitive
■to eat something eagerly and in large amounts so that nothing is left 狼吞虎咽，吞食
• The young cubs hungrily devoured the deer. 幼狮们贪婪地吞食着鹿肉。
■literary
■to destroy something completely 吞噬，毁灭
• The flames quickly devoured the building. 火焰很快吞噬了那座建筑物。
■to read books or literature quickly and eagerly 如饥似渴地阅读，贪婪地阅读
• She's a very keen reader - she devours one book after another. 她非常喜欢读书——贪婪地读了一本又一本。
UK [dɪ'vaʊər] US [-'vaʊɚ] verb transitive
be devoured by sth
■to feel an emotion, especially a bad emotion, very strongly so that it strongly influences your behaviour 被（某种情感）吞噬，充满（某种情感）
• He was devoured by jealousy/hatred. 他内心充满了嫉妒／仇恨。
dine, gorge, have, swallow, eat, devour, consume
这组词都有“吃”的意思，其区别是：
dine: 正式用词，既可指一日三餐中的任何一餐，也可以指特殊的用餐。
gorge: 侧重指拼命地吃或塞，强调吃饱或吃得过量。
have: 可与eat换用，但强调一次性的动作。
swallow: 主要指吃的整个过程的第二部分“咽”，并常指咀嚼得匆匆忙忙地吃。
eat: 普通用词，使用广泛。既可用于人，也可用于动物。
devour: 指狼吞虎咽地吃，强调吃得既快又彻底。
consume: 侧重痛痛快快地吃得一干二净，可用于人和动物。
vt. 吞食；毁灭；凝视
 - devastate, wrack and ruin

Word: discriminatory
Front: discriminatory
[dɪˈskrɪmɪnətəri] (宝 11333/12643 -1)
Back: adj. 有识别力的; 差别对待的; 歧视性
分布：歧视的(80%)，差别待遇的(20%)
ADJ
（法规、做法）不公平的，歧视的
Discriminatory laws or practices are unfair because they treat one group of people worse than other groups.
例：These reforms will abolish racially discriminatory laws.这些改革措施将彻底废除带有种族歧视的法律。

Word: desalination
Front: desalination
[ˌdi:ˌsælɪˈneɪʃn] (托 24321/40996)
Back: n. 减少盐分，脱盐作用; 淡化
分布：名词(100%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。-sal, 盐，词源同salt.
US [di:ˌsæl-] noun uncountable
■the removal of salt from sea water 海水淡化
• a desalination plant (= factory) 海水淡化工厂

Word: dong
Front: dong
[dɒŋ] (31080/30108)
Back: n. 盾（越南的货币单位）
时态：donged, donging, dongs
分布：名词(100%)
n. 盾（越南货币单位）
 - shield
vt. 打击；敲击
 - stroke, to hit

Word: hiccup
Front: hiccup
['hɪkʌp] (18165/13990 -1)
Vocabulary: hiccup
(once / 7766 pages)
nv
A hiccup is a jerky, repeated contraction in your diaphragm — it's a sort of involuntary tic you can feel in your throat and chest. People who have hiccups usually make a "hic" sound.
Hiccups are a kind of spasm that can be brief or linger frustratingly. One man famously suffered from hiccups for 68 years — for that whole time, not a single folk remedy (doing a headstand, drinking water fast, being scared by someone, and so on) worked to relieve them. The word hiccup is imitative of the sound of hiccups. An Old English word for it was ælfsogoða, "elf heartburn," since hiccups were thought to be caused by elves.
WORD FAMILY
hiccup: hiccuped, hiccuping, hiccupped, hiccupping, hiccups
USAGE EXAMPLES
Amar ultimately agrees with Scott that national election laws would be necessary to guide recount processes and smooth over any other potential hiccups.
Slate(Dec 19, 2016)
It wasn’t without imperfections: The quality of the solo voices ranged widely this year, and there were some coordination hiccups.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
After some early hiccups, they introduced whiskey to the masses.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 嗝; 连续地打嗝; 暂时性的小问题; 短暂的停顿
vi. 打嗝
时态：hiccupped, hiccuped, hiccupping, hiccups
分布：打嗝(84%)，暂时性的小问题(8%)，=hiccough.(8%)
→拟声词，模仿打嗝的声音。
(also hiccough) ['hɪk.ʌp] noun
NOISE 噪声
countable usually plural
■a loud noise made in the throat caused by a sudden uncontrollable tightening of a muscle just below the chest, usually happening repeatedly over a short period 打呃，打嗝
the hiccups [plural]
■a series of hiccups 接连打嗝
• I've got the hiccups. 我不断地打嗝。
• an attack of the hiccups 一阵连续的打嗝
(also hiccough) ['hɪk.ʌp] noun
PROBLEM 问题
countable
■a problem which delays or interrupts something for a while, but which does not usually cause serious difficulties （造成短暂延误或中断的）小问题
• We've had one or two slight hiccups, but progress has generally been quite steady. 我们出现了一两个小问题，但整个进程还是相当顺利。
(also hiccough) ['hɪk.ʌp] verb intransitive (-p- or -pp-)
■to make a loud noise in the throat because of a sudden uncontrollable tightening of a muscle just below the chest 打嗝
• I can't stop hiccuping - does anyone know a good cure? 我打嗝停不住——有人知道有甚么治它的好办法吗？
n. [医] 打嗝
 - gurk, eructation
vi. [医] 打嗝
 - eruct, belch

Word: environmentalism
Front: environmentalism
[inˌvaiərənˈmentlizm] (15853/29476)
Back: n. 环境保护论，环境论
分布：环境保护论(100%)
US [-ˌvaɪr.ən'men.tˌəl-] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■an interest in or the study of the environment, in order to protect it from damage by human activities 环境保护主义；环境保护论

Word: interestingly
Front: interestingly
['intristiŋli] (6739/7167 -1)
Back: adv. 有趣地
分布：有趣地(100%)
US [-trɪs-] adverb
■sometimes used to introduce a piece of information that the speaker finds strange and interesting 有趣的是
• Interestingly (enough) , he never actually said that he was innocent. （非常）有趣的是，他竟然从未说过他是清白的。
adv. 有趣地
 - intriguingly, amusingly

Word: mosaic
Front: mosaic
[məʊˈzeɪɪk] (研托雅宝 10103/5213 -1)
Vocabulary: mosaic
(once / 2523 pages)
1n 2n 3n
If you’ve ever seen a piece of artwork where the picture is comprised of little clay tiles, then you’ve seen a mosaic.
If you break a nice piece of china, or a stain glass window, you could save the broken pieces for future use in a mosaic. A mosaic is a style of art where a larger image is created by arranging bits of clay, glass, or other materials in a pattern. More broadly, you can use this word to describe anything that is made up of many different elements, such as “the diverse group represented a mosaic of different viewpoints.”
WORD FAMILY
mosaic: mosaicism, mosaics
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is a sumptuous mosaic ceiling, with marble columns and copper clay friezes.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The reason for his newfound celebrity: His likeness is featured in a mosaic there.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The death of T1 was but one tile in this vast mosaic of annihilation.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 马赛克; 镶嵌图案; 镶嵌工艺; [植]花叶病
adj. 摩西的; 拼花的
vt. 镶嵌; 用马赛克装饰
分布：马赛克(56%)，镶嵌(38%)，镶嵌图案(5%)，用马赛克装饰(1%)
→来自拉丁语musaicum,献给智慧女神Muse的作品，词源同Muse,museum.一种古代的镶嵌组合艺术作品，后作为电影术语使用。
n.马赛克;镶嵌体The sky this morning is a mosaic of blue and white.今早的天空有如一幅蓝白两种颜色相拼的图案.
US [moʊ-] noun countable
■a pattern or picture made using many small pieces of coloured stone or glass 马赛克；镶嵌图案；镶嵌画
• a beautiful 10th century mosaic 一幅美丽的10世纪镶嵌画
• figurative The country is now a cultural and social mosaic (= mixture) due to the influx of different ethnic groups. 因有不同种族融入，现在这个国家呈现出文化与社会的多元化景象。
n. [建] 马赛克； [细胞] [遗] 镶嵌；镶嵌细工
 - crustification, marquetry

Word: paste
Front: paste
[peɪst] (研四六 7619/8942 -1)
Vocabulary: paste
(once / 591 pages)
1nv 2n 3v
Paste is like glue. If you paste something, you stick it onto something else. You might copy and paste info from one document to another on your computer, or literally paste posters all over town. Just don’t use tomato paste.
Some foods take the form of a paste, like cake frosting or pâté. There's also the kind of paste you can use for gluing paper — like wallpaper paste, for example. Costume jewelry, which resembles gemstones but is relatively inexpensive, is made from another, harder kind of paste. To paste something is to stick it together, to patch it, or to cover it with paper. The Late Latin root is pasta, or "dough."
WORD FAMILY
paste: pasted, pastelike, paster, pastes, pasting, pasty+/paster: pasters/pasty: pastier, pasties, pastily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Jack Russell was sedated and vets spent 45 minutes removing the "rock hard" paste encasing the dog's teeth.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
A southern town famous for traditional red pepper paste is spelled “Sunchang.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Finally add the oil and the top note and blitz to an even, finely textured paste.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 面团; 糨糊; 肉（或鱼等）酱（作涂抹料或烹饪用）; （制作人造宝石的）铅质玻璃
vt. 粘贴，张贴; 以…覆盖于
时态：pasted, pasting, pastes
分布：粘贴(53%)，糊(26%)，浆糊(10%)，面团(5%)，糊状物(4%)，裱糊(2%)
→来自拉丁语pasta,面团，面食。引申词义面糊，胶体，胶状物，粘贴等。
n.糊,浆糊v.粘,贴I tasted the paste in haste and cast it on the waste plaster.我匆忙品尝了浆糊然后将其丢在废泥灰上.
noun uncountable
STICKY SUBSTANCE 黏性物质
■a thick soft sticky substance made by mixing a liquid with a powder, especially to make a type of glue 糊；面团；（尤指）浆糊
• flour-and-water paste 面粉与水和成的面团
• wallpaper paste 贴壁纸用的浆糊
■a thick soft substance made by crushing and mixing things such as fish, fruit or vegetables for food 酱
• tomato/anchovy/curry paste 番茄／鳀鱼／咖喱酱
[peɪst] noun uncountable
HARD MATERIAL 坚硬的材料 specialized
■a hard type of glass used to make artificial jewels （制人造宝石用的）铅质玻璃
• Are these real diamonds or paste? 这些是真钻石还是人造宝石？
[peɪst] verb
STICK 黏
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to stick something to something, especially with paste （尤指用浆糊）黏，贴
• You can make your own distorting mirror by pasting a sheet of kitchen foil to a piece of thin cardboard. 你可以将一张厨房用铝箔纸贴在一块薄纸板上自己做一个哈哈镜。
[peɪst] verb
COMPUTING 电脑操作
intransitive or transitive
■to move a piece of text to a particular place in a computer document （在电脑档案中）黏贴（某段文字）
• Cut that paragraph and then paste it at the end of the page. 将那一段剪下来，贴到页尾上。
vt. 张贴，裱糊；用浆糊粘
 - post
n. 面团，膏；糊状物， [胶粘] 浆糊
 - mash

Word: owen
Front: owen
[ˈəuin] (-/3353)
Back: n. 欧文(m.)
分布：欧文(m(100%)

Word: progressively
Front: progressively
[prəˈgresɪvli] (10474/6595)
Back: adv. 前进地，日益增加地; 逐步
分布：渐进地(50%)，逐渐地(25%)，前进地(25%)
adverb
■gradually 逐渐地
• My eyesight has got progressively worse over the years. 这些年来我的视力越来越差了。

Word: ramshackle
Front: ramshackle
[ˈræmʃækl] (宝 17157/18765 -1)
Vocabulary: ramshackle
(once / 6754 pages)
adj
Is your house in terrible condition? Does the roof leak? Is it half tumbling down? Congratulations! It's ramshackle — in other words, in terrible condition and barely holding together.
If you think there's a similarity between a place that's been ransacked and a place that's ramshackle, you'd be right. Ramshackle comes from ransackle, an old nineteenth century term for ransack. Although ramshackle is usually intended as a negative term, that's not always the case. Sometimes it can imply a certain cute picturesque quality. Buildings, places, and even some objects such as cars can be considered ramshackle.
WORD FAMILY
ramshackle: ramshackly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The neighborhood’s most ramshackle buildings are bulwarks against gentrification because they contain some of Seattle’s least-expensive market-rate units, he says.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The most desperate set off in ramshackle fishing boats for Thailand and Malaysia, many perishing in the Bay of Bengal.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Peeking into a once-grand entryway, now draped in poverty, I saw a ramshackle spiral staircase leading into what seemed like a dark attic.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 要倒似的，要塌似的; 摇晃的; 没主意的; 放荡的
分布：摇摇欲坠的(94%)，要倒塌似的(6%)
→回构自 ramshackled,摇摇欲坠的，改写自 ransackled,被打劫的，来自 ransack,洗劫，掠夺。
【记】源于：ram羊，shackle＝shake（v /n 摇动）
adjective disapproving
■badly or untidily made and likely to break or fall down easily 摇摇欲坠的；东倒西歪的；要散架的
• There's a ramshackle old shed at the bottom of the garden 花园的尽头有一个摇摇欲坠的旧棚子。
■badly organised 组织混乱的；组织松散的；行将解体的
• We need to reorganize this ramshackle system. 我们需要对这个混乱不堪的系统进行重组。
adj. 摇晃的；放荡的
 - shaky, gay

Word: slender
Front: slender
[ˈslendə(r)] (研四六托雅 6578/6511 -1)
Vocabulary: slender
(once / 252 pages)
adj
Something slender is slight, or skinny. A young colt is slender compared to the full grown horse it will grow into.
Slender can be used in both positive and negative ways. If someone tells you you have a slender figure, you'll probably be happy, unless you're going for muscle-mass. A slender portion of potatoes will not cheer a hungry growing boy. If you don't know much about something, you can say your knowledge of it is slender. And if you become an artist, get used to living on a slender budget. Now that's a nice way to put it.
WORD FAMILY
slender: slenderer, slenderest, slenderise, slenderize, slenderly, slenderness+/slenderize: slenderized, slenderizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her wrist was very slender even towards the end of her life, with steroids puffing her up like a blowfish.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Ibrahim Anyars, 32, a tall, slender native of Ghana, was sitting one recent afternoon at an outdoor table in a restaurant catering to the travelers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
“I miss school,” said the slender Abdul-Hameed as a nurse changed his bandages — minutes before he heard of his father’s death.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 苗条的; 微薄的; 柔弱的
分布：细长的(48%)，苗条的(30%)，微薄的(21%)，少量的(1%)
→构成 slide 的鼻音化形容词形式，词义由光滑引申比喻义苗条的，纤细的。
a.修长的,细长的,苗条的;微小的,微薄的The tenderer surrendered her tremendously slender tender fingers.投标者交出了她异常纤细娇嫩的手指.
US [-dɚ] adjective
■thin and delicate, often in a way that is attractive 苗条的，纤细的
• He put his hands around her slender waist. 他双手搂住了她纤细的腰。
• The plant's leaves are long and slender. 这株植物叶子细长。
■small in amount or degree 少量的
• a man of slender means (= without much money) 穷人
• The chances of settling this dispute through talks seem increasingly slender. 透过对谈解决这场争端的机会似乎越来越渺茫。
lean, slim, slight, slender, thin
这组词都有“瘦的”的意思，其区别是：
lean: 侧重缺少脂肪。既可能是因病而瘦，也可能因饥饿而消瘦。也指身体消瘦，但肌肉结实，身体健康。
slim: 指身体的细长，体重轻不着重外形的优美，可用于不同的性别，常用于减轻体重的人。
slight: 指身材又瘦又小。
slender: 指身体细长、体态优美、苗条适中，多用于指女性。
thin: 普通用词，指腰细、骨架窄，常因疾病或疲劳而消瘦。
adj. 细长的；苗条的；微薄的
 - slight, spindly

Word: ultrasound
Front: ultrasound
[ˈʌltrəsaʊnd] (12215/17847 -1)
Vocabulary: ultrasound
(once / 21888 pages)
n
The noun ultrasound is a medical term for a scan that allows doctors to easily and safely see inside a patient's body.
An ultrasound uses inaudible sound waves to create a picture of a person's internal organs, muscles, bones, and other body parts. The type of ultrasound that's most familiar to non-medical professionals is the kind that allows a doctor or technician to see a fetus from the outside of a pregnant woman's stomach. The person who performs an ultrasound is called a sonographer or a radiologist.
WORD FAMILY
ultrasound: ultrasounds
USAGE EXAMPLES
The team at St Mary's hospital in London used focused ultrasound guided by an MRI scanner to destroy tissue causing the tremor.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
The twins’ parents visited Idaho Falls for Byrd’s 20-week ultrasound and when the twins were born.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
With no medical gel for ultrasounds, hair gel was being used instead.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 超声; 超声波
分布：名词(100%)
noun
uncountable
■special sound waves used in such processes as examining organs inside the body and directing the path of submarines 超声波（用于人体器官检查、潜艇导航等）
• They'll use ultrasound to monitor her ovaries to see if they're responding to the treatment. 他们将利用超声波监测她的卵巢以确定治疗是否有效。
• ultrasound scanning/imaging 超声波扫描／成像
countable
■an ultrasound scan 超声波检查
n. [声] 超声；超音波
 - ultra audible sound

Word: technologically
Front: technologically
[ˌteknə'lɒdʒɪklɪ] (12463/20945)
Back: adv. 技术上地
分布：技术上地(100%)
ADJ
科技的;工艺的;技术的
Technological means relating to or associated with technology.
例：...an era of very rapid technological change.科技发生迅猛变革的时代

Word: vine
Front: vine
[vaɪn] (四六托 5675/6623 -2)
Back: n. 藤; 藤本植物; 葡萄树
vi. 形成藤蔓
分布：藤(73%)，蔓(25%)，攀爬植物(2%)
→来自拉丁语vinea,葡萄藤，葡萄园，来自wei,弯，转，缠绕，词源同viticulture,vetch,wind。用于指藤蔓植物，特别用来指葡萄。
noun countable
 ADVANCED (also grapevine)
■the climbing plant which produces grapes as its fruit 葡萄藤
⇒ See also vineyard
■any type of plant which climbs or grows along the ground and which has woody twisting stems 藤本植物；攀缘植物
• Ivy is a type of vine. 常青藤是一种藤本植物。
n. 藤； [园艺] 葡萄树； [植] 藤本植物；攀缘植物
 - grape, rattan

Word: unscrupulous
Front: unscrupulous
[ʌnˈskru:pjələs] (托宝 16684/13737 -1)
Vocabulary: unscrupulous
(once / 1301 pages)
adj
Use the adjective unscrupulous to describe someone who behaves in a dishonest or unethical way.
Unscrupulous behavior is the unfortunate resort of many ambitious people — it’s the immoral stuff they do to make success more attainable. When you sell someone bad loans, when you hack into your competition's accounts, when you read your roommate's mail for signs of an opportunity with his girlfriend, you're being unscrupulous.
TIPS & TRICKS
Want to Understand "Unscrupulous"? We've Got Your Back
In a piece in The Atlantic on vocabulary learning, journalist and SAT tutor James S. Murphy brought up the so-called "SAT word" unscrupulous as an example of a word you might memorize for SAT proficiency, but still have no idea how to use appropriately.
Merriam-Webster, Murphy points out, can only take you so far. To really understand the nuances of this subtle word, you'll have to tap into a resources like the ones that appear in the Vocabulary.com Dictionary.
Consider the example of “unscrupulous.”  The Microsoft Word thesaurus provides as synonyms for “unscrupulous” “dishonest,” “corrupt,” “dodgy,” “immoral,” and “ruthless.”  These words occupy a similar semantic space, but they are not equivalent to each other. One of the keys to speaking and writing eloquently is the power to select the most appropriate chisel for the context. You need to know, for instance, that it is appropriate to call the behavior of many mortgage lenders unscrupulous, but not to call a small child’s lie to his mother unscrupulous, since we do not expect young children to live according to principles. You would not find this distinction out, however, if you simply memorized the definition at Merriam-Webster.com:  “not honest or fair; doing things that are wrong, dishonest, or illegal.”
So how can you be sure you're fully understanding words you're trying to learn?
You need someone to sit down and explain the word to you, pronounce it for you, show you a bunch of examples of how it's used, give you a list of its synonyms and antonyms, indicate how frequently you'll see it and what other words you might find in its family. But who is that person? Your mom? Your best friend? No, it's the definition pages and word learning game on Vocabulary.com! On nearly every page in our Dictionary, you'll find:
- A friendly description of the word, as if your favorite English teacher is explaining it to you.
- A break down of its definitions organized in colors according to parts of speech.
- A list of synonyms and antonyms.
- Hundreds of usage examples drawn from real-world books, magazines, and newspapers.
- A word family diagram showing you related words (on the unscrupulous page, you'll see scruples, scrupulous, and scrupulously)
- A learn button that lets you include this word in the Vocabulary.com game.
Want to see how it works? Check out unscrupulous here.
WORD FAMILY
unscrupulous: unscrupulously, unscrupulousness+/ scruple: scrupled, scruples, scrupling, scrupulous / scrupulous: scrupulously, scrupulousness, unscrupulous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Politically, there was also an unscrupulous plot to impeach Dilma Rousseff and end 13 years of Workers’ party rule in Brazil.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Instead, aggressive marketing and unscrupulous doctors helped push a generation of people into addiction.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
His celebrity became a mask for his own chaotic, outsourced and unscrupulous business empire.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 肆无忌惮的，不择手段的，无道德原则的; 没有节操的; 恣意
分布：肆无忌惮的(65%)，不道德的(35%)
肆无忌惮的(un+scrupulosu小心的)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
[ʌn'skru:.pjʊ.ləs] disapproving
adjective
■behaving in a way that is dishonest or unfair in order to get what you want 无道德原则的；不诚实的；不公正的；无耻的
• an unscrupulous financial adviser 一个没有诚信的金融顾问
adj. 肆无忌惮的；寡廉鲜耻的；不讲道德的
 - abandoned, jack-leg

Word: unconditional
Front: unconditional
[ˌʌnkənˈdɪʃənl] (高雅 11570/10278 -2)
Vocabulary: unconditional
(once / 2240 pages)
adj
Whether it’s love, support, or surrender, if something’s unconditional it’s absolute and not subject to any special terms or conditions: it’ll happen no matter what else happens.
Breaking apart the word unconditional can help you remember its meaning. Combine the prefix un-, meaning “not,” with conditional, meaning "dependent on something else," and you get an adjective for something that holds true without any conditions attached. The unconditional forgiveness you promised your brother means you forgive him no matter what. You’re not attaching any requirements — like you’ll only forgive him if he’s nicer to you or pays you money. You just forgive him — it's absolute.
WORD FAMILY
unconditional: unconditionally+/ condition: conditional, conditioned, conditioner, conditioning, conditions, precondition, recondition/ conditional: conditionality, conditionally, unconditional / conditioned: conditioneder, unconditioned / conditioner: conditioners/conditioning: conditionings/ precondition: preconditioned, preconditioning, preconditions/recondition: reconditioned, reconditioning, reconditions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Freedom of movement as an unconditional right in the EU will end.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Meanwhile, there are holidays to celebrate with raves, orgies and unconditional support.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Canadian officials on Monday called for their unconditional release.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 无条件的，绝对的; 无限制的; 无保留的
分布：无条件的(89%)，绝对的(8%)，无限制的(3%)
无条件的(un+conditional有条件的)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
adjective
■complete and not limited in any way 无条件的，无限制的
• the unconditional love that one has for one's child 对自己孩子毫无保留的爱
• unconditional surrender 无条件投降
• We demand the immediate and unconditional release of all political prisoners. 我们要求立即无条件释放所有的政治犯。
adj. [数] 无条件的；绝对的；无限制的
 - strict, absolute, positive, unlimited

Word: benighted
Front: benighted
[bɪˈnaɪtɪd] (25859/22739)
Vocabulary: benighted
(once / 3965 pages)
adj
Being called benighted is much like being called naive. It means lacking in knowledge or understanding—the kind you might have if you were older or more sophisticated.
Although it sounds a lot like "being knighted", benighted has nothing to do with knights and, in fact, includes the word "night" (as in the opposite of day) and not "knight" (as in "of the Round Table"). One way to remember what benighted means is to think of a person "being nighted" or, put into the dark. A benighted person is in the dark about things: they don't know because they can't see. The Dark Ages are thought to have been a benighted time, full of primitive ideas.
WORD FAMILY
benighted: benightedly+/benight: benighted, benighting, benights
USAGE EXAMPLES
Much of the improvement, however, is tied to the rise in commodity prices, which is relieving pressure on benighted coal and steel producers.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 28, 2016)
A rightward tilt isn’t essential to make it on the guest list, which often includes members of the benighted “liberal media.”
Washington Post(Nov 16, 2016)
It is that it implies an uncomfortable theory of false consciousness among the benighted ordinary folk who vote for rightwing causes and politicians.
The Guardian(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: adj. （旅客等）赶路到黑的; 无知的，蒙昧的; 愚昧无知; 怐婺
分布：愚昧的(73%)，陷入黑暗的(16%)，动词benight的过去式和过去分词形式.(11%)
US [-tˌɪd] literary
adjective
■without knowledge or morals 愚昧的，无知的
• Some of the early explorers thought of the local people as benighted savages who could be exploited. 一些早期的开发者认为当地人愚昧无知未开化，完全可以任由他们剥削。
adj. 愚昧的；赶路到天黑的
 - ignorant

Word: barber
Front: barber
[ˈbɑ:bə(r)] (高研四托雅 9131/12564 -1)
Vocabulary: barber
(once / 2065 pages)
nv
A barber is a person whose job is cutting hair in a barbershop. Your barber might have a tendency to cut your hair a little shorter than you like.
When you visit a barbershop, you sit in a special chair while the barber cuts your hair with scissors or electric clippers. Men are the most common customers of a barber, although women can also get their hair cut by barbers. Barber comes from the Anglo-French word barbour, which is rooted in the Latin word for "beard," barb. Early barbers were certified not only to cut hair, but to perform surgery and dentistry as well.
WORD FAMILY
barber: barbered, barbering, barbers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The other barbers really got a laugh over it.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
"It was more than hotels and restaurants. It listed different stores and churches, barber shops and beauty salons and mechanics."
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
In fact, that is something Raby said he’s always liked about the tradition of American barbering.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 理发师; 理发店(= barber's shop)
vt. 为…理发剃须; 修整
vi. 当理发师; 给人理发
时态：barbered, barbering, barbers
分布：理发师(91%)，当理发师(5%)，修剪(3%)，给…理发(1%)
→来自拉丁词barba, 胡子，严格意义上指刮胡子的师傅。
理发师(兼修理胡子)[bard=beard(胡子)]
n.理发师In the bar the barber bargained for a jar of jam, then got over the barrier of barrels.在酒巴里理发师为一罐果酱讲了价然后越过桶作的屏障.
US ['bɑ:r.bɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a man whose job is cutting men's hair 理发师
vt. 为…理发；修整
 - trim up, give shape to
n. 理发师
 - coiffeur, shaver

Word: bach
Front: bach
[bætʃ] (-/9159)
Back: v. 过独身生活
n. 度假小屋
时态：bached, baching, baches
分布：名词(100%)
→来自bachelor的缩写，即单身汉住的小屋子。

Word: clown
Front: clown
[klaʊn] (六宝 6889/8787 -1)
Vocabulary: clown
(once / 822 pages)
nv
A clown is someone who makes people laugh, like the guy with the red nose and oversize polka dotted tie. It can also be an insult — a rude buffoon can be called a clown. To clown means to act goofy.
The clowns found at circuses and birthday parties usually wear makeup and big shoes, but funny people in regular clothes are often called clowns, too, as in the class clown who tells jokes in school. Also, someone obnoxious can be called a clown, as in “that clown wrecked my car!” Acting like a clown in any way is clowning. A teacher trying to get the attention of kids who are fooling around might say, "Stop clowning around!”
WORD FAMILY
clown: clowned, clowning, clownish, clownlike, clowns+/clowning: clownings/clownish: clownishly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 2017, all clowns will be collected from the woods.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
This delusional, obsequious machine—a robot clown—was my favorite joke of 2016.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
Beloved Swiss clown and mime who studied under Marcel Marceau.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 丑角，小丑; 乡下人，笨拙粗鲁的人; 经常闹笑话的人; 小气鬼，守财奴
v. 扮小丑; 闹笑话; 说笑话，逗趣
时态：clowned, clowning, clowns
分布：小丑(93%)，扮小丑(5%)，胡闹(1%)，粗鲁愚蠢的人(1%)
→可能来自clod,大块，笨拙。
【记】clo＝close关，own自己：把自己关在小丑的服装里－小丑
noun countable
■an entertainer who wears funny clothes, has a painted face, and makes people laugh by performing tricks and behaving in a silly way 丑角，小丑
■someone who behaves in a silly way, often intentionally （常指故意）出洋相的人；愚蠢可笑的人
[klaʊn] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to act stupidly, often to make other people laugh 扮小丑；出洋相；逗笑
• Left alone, the class threw books, pulled faces and generally clowned around. 由于没有人管，班上的学生扔书本，扮鬼脸，简直是一片胡闹。
n. 小丑；乡下人；粗鲁笨拙的人
 - peasant, provincial
vi. 扮小丑；装傻
 - possum

Word: brilliance
Front: brilliance
['brɪlɪəns] (托 10319/9999)
Back: n. （卓越的）才华; 光亮; 光辉; 光彩
分布：辉煌(39%)，光辉(35%)，才华(26%)
noun uncountable
CLEVERNESS 聪明
■great talent or intelligence 才华，聪慧
• Her first novel showed signs of brilliance. 她的第一部小说显示出她过人的才气。
['brɪl.i.ənts] noun uncountable
SHINE 明亮
■great brightness of light or colour 光明的，明亮的；（颜色）鲜艳的
• I had never seen diamonds shine with such brilliance before. 我以前从没有见过如此耀眼的钻石。
n. 光辉；才华；宏伟
 - flame, irradiancy

Word: corral
Front: corral
[kəˈrɑ:l] (宝 14839/35532)
Vocabulary: corral
(once / 1168 pages)
1nv 2v
A corral is a pen for horses, cows, or other livestock. If your sheep get out of the corral, you'll have to take the dogs out to help you round them up again.
The word corral comes either from the Spanish word corro, which means ring, or from the Old Portuguese word curral, meaning pen or enclosure. As a verb, corral means to gather up or collect. If you're in charge of the big library book sale, you'll have to corral lots of people into helping you. If you make a defensive circle with wagons or other vehicles, you have also corralled the wagons.
WORD FAMILY
corral: corraled, corraling, corralled, corralling, corrals
USAGE EXAMPLES
After work, he usually drives himself to lunch at Golden Corral.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Police officers from at least three surrounding jurisdictions worked for more than an hour to corral people and push them outside.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Corralled by giant magnets, the electrons travelling around them emit radiation ranging in frequency from the infrared to X-rays.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 畜栏
vt. 把…赶入畜栏
时态：corralled, corralling, corrals
分布：畜栏(79%)，聚集(13%)，把…赶入围栏(8%)
→来自sker, 转，围，词源同ring, curve.
【记】corr＝curr跑，al＝all：所以动物都不许跑－畜栏corr＝correct（v 纠正），all所有：纠正所有动物的行走路线，也就是说，这个马向往哪里走都会由畜栏把它的行走方向纠正过来。
【参】coral（n 珊瑚）
US [-'ræl] noun countable
■an area surrounded by a fence for keeping horses or cattle in, especially in North America （尤指北美圈牛马的）畜栏，围栏
UK [kə'rɑ:l] US [-'ræl] verb transitive (-ll-)
■to guide horses or cattle into a corral 把（马、牛）赶进畜栏
■to bring a group of people together and keep them in one place, especially in order to control them 把（一群人）集中起来（尤指控制起来）
• Police corralled most of the demonstrators in a small area near the station. 警方把大多数示威者控制在车站附近的一小片区域。
n. 畜栏；环形车阵
 - stall, poundage
vt. 把…关进畜栏；捕捉；把…布成车阵
 - lockon

Word: delicious
Front: delicious
[dɪˈlɪʃəs] (中高研四托雅 4985/5437 -2)
Vocabulary: delicious
(once / 406 pages)
adj
Delicious is an adjective describing a tasty item. If you’re a chocolate fanatic, you will probably find triple chocolate fudge cake to be absolutely delicious.
The origins of delicious make perfect sense. The late Latin deliciae means "delight" or "pleasure," so you could say that delicious flavors and delicious foods give delight or pleasure to our taste buds. But let's not limit our pleasures to all things gastronomical. Things that delight your intellect can be delicious as well, especially when you're entertained by art, amused by wit, or delighted by irony. Thinking of the perfect comeback to an insult can be a particularly delicious experience.
WORD FAMILY
delicious: deliciouser, deliciousest, deliciously, deliciousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hanks pronounced it “friggin’ delicious” and said he would start voting Republican.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Grocery stores are packed with delicious, high calorie items that we end up buying despite our best intentions.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
“It’s chocolate, it’s mint, it’s all the delicious together,” he says.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 美味的，可口的; 有趣的; ; 喷香
分布：美味的(63%)，可口的(37%)
→de-, 向下，强调。-lic, 抓住，诱惑，词源同lace, elicit. 引申义抓住胃的，美味的。
美味的,可口的(de一再+lic+ious→[食品]→一再引诱→美味的)[lic=allure,表示"引诱"]
a.美味的;美妙的;使人愉快的The complicated indicator is dedicated to the delicate delicious machine.这个复杂的指示器被奉献给精密而美妙的机器.
adjective
 ADVANCED
■having a very pleasant taste or smell 美味的；（味道或气味）诱人的
• a delicious cake 可口的蛋糕
• The delicious smell of freshly-made coffee came from the kitchen. 新煮好的咖啡的芳香从厨房里飘了出来。
• This wine is delicious. 这种酒味道很好。
■describes a situation or activity that gives you great pleasure 好玩的，有趣的，有意思的
• I've got some delicious gossip. 我听到了一些有趣的小道消息。
adj. [食品] 美味的；可口的
 - palatable, delectable

Word: cortex
Front: cortex
[ˈkɔ:teks] (13799/10920 -1)
Back: n. 皮质; 树皮; 果皮
分布：外皮(100%)
→来自sker, 切，词源同carnal, shear. 原指树皮，后词义引申为大脑皮质。
US ['kɔ:r-] (plural cortices) specialized
noun countable
■the outer layer, especially of the brain and other organs （尤指大脑或其他器官的）皮层，皮质
• the cerebral cortex 大脑皮层
n. [解剖] 皮质；树皮；果皮
 - skinniness, pericarp

Word: destroyer
Front: destroyer
[dɪˈstrɔɪə(r)] (11489/12204 -1)
Back: n. 驱逐舰; 破坏者，扑灭者; 驱逐者; 起破坏作用的事物
分布：驱逐舰(79%)，破坏者(18%)，阻止者(3%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a small fast military ship 驱逐舰
literary
■a person or thing that destroys something 毁灭者
n. [船] [军] 驱逐舰；破坏者；起破坏作用的事物
 - Virus Chaser, chaser

Word: infer
Front: infer
[ɪnˈfɜ:(r)] (研四六托宝 9219/7194 -1)
Vocabulary: infer
(once / 323 pages)
v
When you infer something, you read between the lines. To infer is to make a well informed guess — if you see your mom’s bag on the table, you might infer that she’s home.
When you infer, you listen closely to someone and guess at things they mean but haven't actually said. It’s like guessing, but not making wild guesses. You're making deductions — guesses based on logic. Another kind of inferring is more scientific, like when a scientist has part of a dinosaur fossil and can infer what the rest of the dinosaur looked like. When you see the word infer, think "educated guess."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
imply / infer
Imply and infer are opposites, like a throw and a catch. To imply is to hint at something, but to infer is to make an educated guess. The speaker does the implying, and the listener does the inferring.
To imply is to suggest something indirectly. If you hand your friend a stack of napkins during dinner, you imply that she needs them. Things can imply, too, like a chimney that implies a fireplace. Check out these examples:
By their very definition, flea markets imply cheap prices for used and unwanted items, as is still the case in most other places. (New York Times)
Stern also implied the entire season might be at risk. (Seattle Times)
It isn't fair to imply that cardiovascular disease is going away. (Nature)
Infer is on the receiving end of imply, yet infer is often used to mean imply. To infer is to gather, deduce, or figure out.Writers tend to know how to use infer correctly:
He talks about having led in the private sector but voters have to infer too much about what that means. (Slate)
They were also better at inferring feelings from images of just the eyes. (Scientific American)
Yet it must not be inferred that farming women are without mental ability or common sense. (Sidney Lewis Gulick)
Like baseball? Theodore Bernstein, in his classic The Careful Writer, gives us a way to keep imply and infer straight: "The implier is the pitcher; the inferrer is the catcher."
WORD FAMILY
infer: inference, inferred, inferring, infers+/ inference: inferences, inferential/inferential: inferentially
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet he did not infer guilt by association on all Muslims.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
He inferred as much when he’d periodically mention his commitment to support his young daughter.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
"We would not see it as good news, that is obvious, but I think it is difficult to infer too much from it."
Reuters(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 推断; 猜想，推理; 暗示; 意指
vi. 作出推论
时态：inferred, inferring, infers
分布：推断(88%)，暗示(6%)，作出推论(4%)，猜测(2%)
→in-,进入，使，-fer,带来，词源同bring.即带进来的，引申词义推断，推论。
推理,推断(in进入+fer→带进[意义]→推断)[fer=bring,carry,表示"带来,拿来"]
v.推论,推断I infer that he is indifferent to differentiating the offers in different conferences.我推断他对区分不同会谈中的报价漠不关心.
【记】in里面，fer带来一带来内部的意义－推断；推测
US [-'fɝ:] (-rr-) formal
verb transitive
■to form an opinion or guess that something is true because of the information that you have 推断，推论，推理
• What do you infer from her refusal? 你从她的拒绝中能推断出甚么？
• [+ that] I inferred from her expression that she wanted to leave. 从她的表情我可判断出她想离开。
conclude, judge, gather, infer, deduce
这组词都有“推断”的意思，其区别是：
conclude: 指得出符合逻辑的结论。
judge: 多指经过仔细鉴定或评价之后作出决断。
gather: 指从听到的情况推测、判定。
infer: 指从已提供的论据或从已接受的前提出发而推断出的结论。
deduce: 指有充分根据的推论，也指逻辑学上的演绎。
infer, imply
infer: v. (根据已知事实)推断，推理。
 • I infer from your smile that you are happy.   从你的笑容可以看出你很高兴。
imply: v. (从言语或态度中)暗示，暗指(某种事情)。
 • The Secretary of the Treasury implied that interest rates would go down.   财政大臣暗示利率将下降。
vt. 推断；推论
 - understand, conclude, reason
vi. 推断；作出推论
 - conclude, deduce from

Word: fa
Front: fa
[fɑ:] (-/4453)
Back: n. 全音阶的长音阶第四音

Word: elitist
Front: elitist
[ɪ'li:tɪst] (13216/15703 -1)
Vocabulary: elitist
(once / 19003 pages)
n
Elitist is another word for snob.If you wear only the finest silk suits, expect caviar at every meal, and refuse to speak to anyone who doesn't have a PhD, then you might be an elitist.
A fairly recent addition to the English language, the noun elitist, came about from a mix of elite + ist in 1950. Carlyle, Freud, and Nietzsche were all considered to be the original elitists. Elite, from which elitist was formed, evolved much earlier, in 1823, from the French élite, meaning “selection, choice.” Synonyms for elitist include highbrow, pompous person, social climber, and stuffed shirt.
WORD FAMILY
elitist: elitists+/ elite: elitely, elites, elitism / elitism: elitist
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Mather Brown’s depiction, he’s all bouffant wig and ruffles, encased, it would seem, in an elitist bubble.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He framed protesters as elitists or foreign agents.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Data from Google Books show the plural word “elites” beginning to be used in about 1940, with the obviously pejorative “elitist” rising from about 1960.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 优秀人才的; 杰出者的
n. 优秀人材; 杰出人物; 杰出人物统治论的鼓吹者
分布：杰出人物(100%)
[ɪ'li:.tɪst] mainly disapproving
adjective
■organized for the good of a few people who have special interests or abilities 精英统治；精英主义
• Many remember sport at school as elitist, focusing only on those who were good at it. 在很多人的记忆中，学校体育的导向是精英主义的，被关注的仅仅是那些有特长的人。
[ɪ'li:.tɪst] mainly disapproving
noun countable mainly disapproving
■someone who believes that something should be controlled by the richest or best educated group in a society 杰出人物统治论者
• Hollywood elitists who give millions of dollars to the Democrat party 好莱坞那些名流向民主党捐赠了上百万美元。
n. 优秀人材；杰出人物
 - worthy, out-and-outer

Word: haze
Front: haze
[heɪz] (托 8157/10375 -1)
Vocabulary: haze
(once / 566 pages)
1nv 2v
Haze is the fog or mist that's caused by small particles in the air. There is often a haze hovering over the city of Los Angeles.
Although the noun haze can describe any kind of misty or slightly obscured air, it usually refers to visible air pollution, rather than just fog. You can also talk about being in a haze when you're confused or disoriented. When you hear haze being used as a verb, it usually means to torment a new, young recruit to a club, group, team, the way fraternity brothers sometimes haze a new member, forcing him to perform humiliating or dangerous actions.
WORD FAMILY
haze: hazed, hazes, hazing, hazy +/ hazy: hazier, haziest, hazily, haziness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In other images, the distant mountains are wrapped in haze.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
“New Year’s morning in Beijing, I thought I was blind,” said another, attaching a photo of a window completely darkened with grey haze.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Additionally, all new pledges must complete an online hazing prevention course.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 烟雾; 迷蒙; 迷糊; 疑惑
vt. & vi. （使）笼罩在薄雾中; 使变朦胧; 使变糊涂
vt. 戏弄; 欺凌; 骑马放牧
时态：hazed, hazing, hazes
分布：薄雾(73%)，变模糊(11%)，迷糊(8%)，戏弄(8%)
→可能来自hazy的回构词。
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  haze over
■If the sky hazes over, the air becomes less clear because of something such as heat or smoke （天空）变朦胧，变模糊
• The sky began to haze over during the afternoon. 下午天气开始变得朦胧起来。
[heɪz] noun countable or uncountable
■when the air is not very clear because of something such as heat or smoke, making it difficult to see well 雾气；烟雾（霭、霾）
• The road through the desert shimmered in the haze. 穿越沙漠的道路透过雾气散发出微光。
• I saw her through a haze of cigarette smoke. 我透过一片香烟的烟雾看见了她。
n. 阴霾；薄雾；疑惑
 - doubt, mist
vi. 变朦胧；变糊涂
 - gloam

Word: dreary
Front: dreary
[ˈdrɪəri] (托雅宝 12828/11551 -1)
Vocabulary: dreary
(once / 377 pages)
adj
When something is dreary it's depressing or lifeless in a rainy-day way. I finished my work, there was nothing on TV, and the rain just wouldn't stop: what a dreary day!
Dreary can refer to a feeling, a place, a time, or even a thing. It sounds a little like a combination of "drizzle" and "teary," and that's not a bad way to remember what it means. My grandmother's house was a dreary affair: run down, poorly lit, and silent but for the buzz of the florescent light in the cramped kitchen. Some might call the recession a depression: I call it dreary, either way. If the economy remains dreary like this much longer, I just might move to China.
WORD FAMILY
dreary: drearier, dreariest, drearily, dreariness+/dreariness: drearinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was brought by the guards to a dreary conference room, away for the moment from a cellblock for serious offenders.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
With any luck this is the show to help Broadway up its dreary concessions routine.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
I couldn’t help smiling and the dreary day and mood instantly became sunny.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 沉寂的; 阴沉的; 令人厌烦的; 枯燥的
n. 可怕的人物
级别：drearier, dreariest
分布：沉闷的(85%)，令人沮丧的(11%)，情绪低落的(4%)
→来自dhreu, 滴，掉落，词源同drip, drop. 原义为滴血的，引申义沉闷的，阴深的。
【记】a dream is not dreary
【反】jocund（adj 欢乐的）
US ['drɪr.i] adjective
■boring and making you feel unhappy 沉闷的，单调乏味的，令人沮丧的
• a dreary little town 沉闷的小城
• She had spent another dreary day in the office. 她在办公室里又渡过了枯燥的一天。
dull, monotonous, tedious, dreary
这组词都有“单调的、乏味的、厌烦的”的意思，其区别是：
dull: 指缺乏鲜明、吸引力或情趣而显得乏味、沉闷。
monotonous: 指没有变化、重复单调的。
tedious: 侧重指文章、演讲、演出等冗长乏味或环境等单调、沉闷，缺乏活力，使感到不舒服。
dreary: 侧重无趣味的，不活泼的事或思想状态。
adj. 沉闷的，枯燥的
 - tedious, dreich

Word: nauru

Word: patiently
Front: patiently
['peɪʃntlɪ] (8234/8575)
Back: adv. 耐心地，坚韧不拔地
分布：耐心地(100%)
N-COUNT
患者；病人
A patient is a person who is receiving medical treatment from a doctor or hospital. A patient is also someone who is registered with a particular doctor.
例：The earlier the treatment is given, the better the patient's chances...病人越早接受治疗，康复的可能性就越大。
例：She was tough but wonderful with her patients...她很严厉，但对患者却很好。
ADJ-GRADED
能忍耐的；有耐心的
If you are patient, you stay calm and do not get annoyed, for example when something takes a long time, or when someone is not doing what you want them to do.
例：Please be patient — your cheque will arrive...请耐心点——你的支票会来的。
例：He was endlessly kind and patient with children.他对孩子们总是非常好，很有耐心。

Word: jealous
Front: jealous
[ˈdʒeləs] (研四六托雅 6322/5696 -K2)
Vocabulary: jealous
(once / 137 pages)
adj
If you're jealous of someone, you want what they've got. This is one of the most basic human emotions, and it is not pretty. Don't be jealous of my good looks: you're cute too.
Being jealous is among the least attractive things you can be. The word jealous is actually derived from a Middle English word related to zealous, which means emotionally intense. It conveys a sense of emotional pain at someone else's good fortune. Jealousy is a close cousin of envy, but it can also mean "fiercely guarding" — as in "I am jealous of the little money I've managed to make, so I'm not likely to blow it on a cheap toy."
WORD FAMILY
jealous: jealousest, jealously, jealousy, overjealous+/ jealousy: jealousies
USAGE EXAMPLES
“What’s worse,” she sang, “Lookin’ jealous or crazy, jealous and crazy?”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
“I am jealous of every other actor Kelly works with,” she says sulkily.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
We’d never heard of this song before, and I was profoundly jealous.
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 妒忌的; 羡慕的; 精心守护的; 吃醋的
分布：嫉妒的(57%)，妒忌的(28%)，羡慕的(15%)
→来自拉丁语zelus,热情，发奋，词源同zeal.引申词义热情的，热烈的，竞争的，原先主要用于形容爱情和情爱，词义贬义化为羡慕的，妒忌的，并成为主要词义。
妒忌的(jeal[=zeal]+ous→对...热心而得不到,所以妒忌)[zeal=ardor,表示"热心"]
a.(of)妒忌的;猜疑的,警惕的He conceals the fact that he is jealous of my seal and wants to steal it.他隐瞒了他嫉妒我的印章并想偷的事实.
adjective
UNHAPPY 不高兴的
 ADVANCED
■unhappy and angry because someone has something or someone you want, or because you think they might take something or someone that you love away from you 妒忌的；好妒忌的；吃醋的
• He had always been very jealous of his brother's good looks. 他总是很妒忌他哥哥帅气的长相。
• Anna says she feels jealous every time another woman looks at her boyfriend. 安娜说每当别的女人看她的男朋友她都会感到妒忌。
Compare envious
['dʒel.əs] adjective
CAREFUL 小心的
■extremely careful in protecting someone or something 小心守护的，唯恐失去的
• She is very jealous of her independence, and doesn't want to get married. 她很珍惜自己的自由，不想结婚。
• Her parents used to keep a jealous watch over her when she was young. 她小时候父母一直小心呵护她。
envious, jealous
envious: a.羡慕的,强调攀比心理所造成的羡慕。
 • He is envious of my new car and wants one like it.   他很羡慕我的新车，也想要一辆同样的。
jealous: a.妒忌的，暗含有憎恶与不好的感情。
 • He gets jealous when other man talks to his girlfriend.   当别的男人和他的女朋友说话时间]，他会很嫉妒。
adj. 妒忌的；猜疑的；唯恐失去的；戒备的
 - leary, leery

Word: policyholder
Front: policyholder
[ˈpɒləsihəʊldə(r)] (20168/11002 -1)
Back: n. 投保人; 保险客户
分布：投保人(67%)，保险客户(33%)
n. 投保人；保险客户
 - insurance applicant, insurant

Word: perky
Front: perky
[ˈpɜ:ki] (宝 18469/21859)
Vocabulary: perky
(once / 10765 pages)
adj
If you are a perky person, you are upbeat, lively and positive. A perky friend would be the one who's always up for games and activities and constantly declaring, "Hey guys, this is fun!"
Perky is an adjective traditionally used to describe women or girls, like its synonym bubbly. Perky people tend to have lots of energy. They're always smiling and have a generally cheerful disposition. The enthusiasm of perky can be contagious — soon, you'll also be perky, unless you need a quiet, calm or somber moment. In that case, all that happy chatter can quickly become very annoying.
WORD FAMILY
perky: perkier, perkiest, perkily, perkiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
That fragility persists in her but it is fighting a losing battle today with her perky playfulness.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
The role allowed her “to bare a steely edge beneath her famously perky exterior,” People magazine said in 1997.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
After failing to interest two prospective buyers in a house, the rigidly perky Carolyn closes the blinds and falls briefly to pieces.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 得意扬扬的; 神气的; 活泼的; 有生气的
级别：perkier, perkiest
分布：得意洋洋的(65%)，活泼的(35%)
→来自古英语perquer,栖息，休息，词源同perch.原指鸟栖息或整理羽毛，引申词义休息好的，兴奋的，有精力的。
【记】per所有，ky＝key－有了所有开GRE题库的钥匙－洋洋得意的
US ['pɝ:-] adjective
■happy and full of energy 快活的；活跃的；生气勃勃的
• You look very perky this morning. 今天早上你看来容光焕发。
adj. 神气的；得意洋洋的；自信的；活泼的
 - confident, alive, lively, activated

Word: sodomy
Front: sodomy
[ˈsɒdəmi] (19341/35832)
Vocabulary: sodomy
(once / 13371 pages)
n
Sodomy is a term for anal sex: the kind of sex where a penis goes into an anus.
Sodomy is a term for anal sex that is not neutral: it implies a point of view. Most often, sodomy is mentioned in religious and legal contexts, which have at various times insisted that anal sex is either a sin or illegal. Usually, someone with a positive view of anal sex won't call it sodomy. A medical term for sodomy is anal intercourse; a slang term is buggery.
WORD FAMILY
sodomy: sodomies, sodomise, sodomist, sodomize+/sodomise: sodomised, sodomising/sodomist: sodomists/sodomize: sodomized, sodomizes, sodomizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was convicted on charges of rape, attempted sodomy and aggravated sexual battery.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A judge earlier this month ordered him to stand trial on rape and two counts of forcible sodomy.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Sodomy as a form of torture has featured in other victims’ testimony, as well.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 鸡奸
分布：鸡奸(87%)，兽奸(13%)
→来自 Sodom,罪恶之城，-y,行为。
US ['sɑ:.də-] formal or legal
noun uncountable
■the sexual act of putting the penis into a man's or woman's anus 鸡奸，肛交
n. 鸡奸，兽奸
 - buggery, pederasty

Word: relent
Front: relent
[rɪˈlent] (宝 15454/18525 -1)
Vocabulary: relent
(once / 508 pages)
v
Being unwilling to relent is a good qualification for a sales person. You have to keep trying to make the sale and never give in until you've made it.
The root of relent is the Latin "lentus," which means "to slow down or soften," and the original meaning (from the 15th century, no less) most likely had to do with the heart — as in "to stop resisting love". Now, however, relent can have all manner of relevant applications, but the meaning is always the same: to let up, soften, yield or give in. Often, you'll hear the adjective relentless used to describe someone who won't relent: "The firemen refused to relent; they banged relentlessly on the door until I woke up."
WORD FAMILY
relent: relented, relenting, relentless, relents+/relenting: unrelenting / relentless: relentlessly, relentlessness/ unrelenting: unrelentingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then, in September, the trademark bureau finally relented, declaring Dong Wei’s trademark invalid.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
After a call with the man with whom he will soon be negotiating American aid, Mr. Sisi relented.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Charles finally relented and signed C.J. up for tackle football in eighth grade.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vi. 动怜悯心; 发慈悲心
vt. 收敛; 变温和
时态：relented, relenting, relents
分布：变温和(44%)，缓和(24%)，变宽厚(24%)，动怜悯之心(8%)
→re-,表强调，-len,松的，软的，词源同 lenient,lithe.引申词义缓和，减弱。
放松;宽厚(re再+lent→再放松)[lent=loose(松)]
[rɪ'lent] slightly formal
verb intransitive
■to act in a less severe way towards someone and allow something that you had refused to allow before 变温和；变宽容；不再拒绝
• Her parents eventually relented and let her go to the party. 她父母的态度最后缓和了下来，让她去参加派对。
• The security guard relented and let them through. 保安最后同意了，给他们放了行。
vi. 变温和，变宽厚；减弱；缓和
 - fall, lower
vt. 使变温和；减轻
 - moderate, allay

Word: recast
Front: recast
[ˌri:ˈkɑ:st] (宝 15225/19476)
Vocabulary: recast
(once / 6925 pages)
1v 2v 3v
"Let's start over." That's what someone might say when he or she needs to recast something, meaning "to make major changes that make something seem very different or even brand new."
When you recast something, you aren’t just improving it slightly — something that is recast typically involves significant changes to the original. As it applies to actors' parts in a movie, television show, or play, to recast a part means finding a different actor to play it. When you recast a metal item, like a piece of jewelry, the item is melted down completely and then remade in a new form. When teachers get blank stares from students, they recast their questions to make them less confusing.
WORD FAMILY
recast: recasted, recasts+/ cast: caster, casting, casts, miscast, precast, recast /caster: casters/casting: castings, recasting/miscast: miscasting, miscasts/recasting: recastings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It will be difficult, if not impossible, for any subsequent government to recast or replace that final image,” Dosal said.
Seattle Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Housing remains one of the top issues facing the city, but the battle has been recast.
The Guardian(Nov 21, 2016)
Likewise, it seems reasonable to want to recast support for Trump as an expression of populism.
Slate(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 再铸; 重塑; 改正; 改作
n. 重铸（物）; 重新塑造（物）
时态：recast, recasting, recasts
分布：重铸(71%)，重作(11%)，改动(8%)，改变演员阵容(5%)，改变角色(5%)
→re-,再，重新，cast,投掷，分配。
US [-'kæst] (recast, recast)
verb transitive
■to change the form of something, or to change an actor in a play or film 重塑；重写；更换（戏剧或电影的）演员
• She recast her novel as a musical comedy. 她把自己的小说改编为一个音乐喜剧。
• In despair, the theatre director recast the leading role. 无可奈何之下，戏剧导演更换了主角。
vt. [机] 重铸；彻底改动
 - recoin, rehandle
n. [机] 重铸；重做的事物
 - recoinage

Word: strut
Front: strut
[strʌt] (宝 11486/14938 -1)
Vocabulary: strut
(once / 1551 pages)
vn
When you strut, you walk with a proud swagger that has a little arrogance thrown in, like the prance of a running back who has just flown past the 250-pound linebackers and planted the ball in the end zone.
You can't strut and be shy about it — when you strut, you know people are watching you. The big boss in a gangster film, a model on the runway, and the rap artist whose album has just gone platinum all know how to strut. The noun form of strut has a little less flash and refers to a vertical or horizontal support that holds something up, like the long steel bars holding up a building.
WORD FAMILY
strut: struts, strutted, strutting
USAGE EXAMPLES
She kept on smiling and strutting in her high heels; she held her microphone toward the crowd.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Another world-class striker strutting his stuff in the Premiership.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Its African-American “queens” bridge two generations, and show differing levels of self-affirmation as they dance, sing, sass, sashay, fight, strut, mentor and mope.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: vt. 炫耀; 在…上趾高气扬地走; 给…加支撑
vi. 趾高气扬地走; 高视阔步
n. （框架的）支杆; 支柱; 趾高气扬的步态; （尤指跳舞或表演时）卖弄
时态：strutted, strutting, struts
分布：支柱(41%)，支撑(32%)，高视阔步(16%)，趾高气扬地走(11%)
→最终来自 ster,僵硬的，生硬的，固定的，词源同 stark,stare,stereo.引申词义支杆，支柱。
【记】读：死抓它：如果你从飞机上掉下来，说什么也要死死的抓住strut，不然非死即残，就不能strut了。
verb intransitive (-tt-)
■to walk in a proud way trying to look important 趾高气扬地走，昂首阔步
• The boys strutted around trying to get the attention of a group of girls who were nearby. 男孩们神气十足地走来走去，想引起旁边一群女孩的注意。
[strʌt] verb intransitive (-tt-)
strut your stuff informal mainly humorous
■to dance in a confident and usually sexually exciting way, especially trying to be noticed by other people （尤指为引起他人注意）卖弄地跳舞
• Hey baby, why don't you get out on the floor and strut your stuff? 嘿，宝贝，你为甚么不下舞池露一手？
informal
■to show your abilities 显露身手；卖弄本领
• Wimbledon is the opportunity for all the world's best tennis players to strut their stuff. 温布顿网球公开赛是全世界顶尖网球选手大展身手的好机会。
[strʌt] noun countable
■a strong rod, usually made from metal or wood, which helps to hold something such as a vehicle or building together 支柱，支杆；撑杆
pace, stroll, strut, stride, walk
这组词都有“行走，徒步”的意思，其区别是：
pace: 指踱步，走步。
stroll: 多指走走停停，步子缓慢，悠闲自得，漫无目的。
strut: 指大摇大摆地走，含过分自信或自高自大意味。
stride: 着重步子大而且节奏有力，流露出匆忙、烦恼、得意等情绪。
walk: 最常用词，中性词，指除跑、跳之外所有移步的动作。
vt. 炫耀；在…上趾高气扬地走；给…加支撑
 - show off, brag about
n. [建] [航] 支柱；高视阔步
 - leg, backbone, stay, mainstay

Word: symmetry
Front: symmetry
[ˈsɪmətri] (研六托雅宝 10174/6743 -1)
Vocabulary: symmetry
(once / 989 pages)
n
Things that have symmetry are balanced, with each side reflecting the other. A human body has such complex symmetry, from eyes, ears, and nostrils to arms, legs, and feet, that even a minor injury can make a body look unbalanced.
Snowflakes and butterflies often have a remarkable natural symmetry, with patterns on one side matched by those on the other. Objects that have identical or very similar parts lying at equal distances from a central point or line or plane — that is, objects that have symmetry — often work better. Symmetry helps boats stay upright in water. In design, symmetry is a balancing of objects, as when two candlesticks on a fireplace mantel are at equal distances from the center of the mantel. A lack of symmetry — i.e., asymmetry — might mean putting both candlesticks together at one end of the mantel.
WORD FAMILY
symmetry: dissymmetry, supersymmetry, symmetric, symmetrical, symmetries, symmetrise, symmetrize+/symmetric: unsymmetric/ symmetrical: symmetrically, symmetricalness, unsymmetrical/symmetrise: symmetrised/symmetrize: symmetrized/unsymmetrical: unsymmetrically
USAGE EXAMPLES
If nothing else, the Rams’ lost season featured symmetry.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The two halves of the painting closely mirror each other, a lattice of harmonious symmetry, while the whole buzzes in unfettered, electric lime.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Students meet weekly with curators at museums throughout Boston to study concepts ranging from symmetry and texture to form and motion.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 对称; 对称美; 整齐，匀称
分布：匀称(79%)，整齐(21%)
→sym-,一起，一致，-metry,测量，词源同 meter,optometry.引申词义对称。
对称(sym+metry测量→两边测量一样→对称)[sym-,syn-表示"共同,相同"]
对称;匀称(sym共同+metry→两过测量一样→对称)[meter,metr,meas,mens=measure,表示"计量,测量等"]
n.对称(性);匀称,整齐A swollen cheek spoiled the symmetry of his handsome face.一边肿的面颊破坏了他英俊脸庞的对称.
【记】sym＝same，me，try－我们共同在跷跷板两边努力－对称
【反】disproportion（n 不均衡；不对称）
noun uncountable
■the quality of having parts that match each other, especially in a way that is attractive, or similarity of shape or contents 对称（性）；匀称
• The design of the house had a pleasing symmetry, its oblong shape being picked up in its elongated windows. 房子的设计透出一种赏心悦目的对称美，狭长的窗户使长方形的结构显得更加和谐。
Compare asymmetry specialized
■in mathematics, the quality of having two parts that match exactly, either when one half is like an image of the other half in a mirror, or when one part can take the place of another if it is turned 90° or 180° （数学中的）对称（性）
n. 对称（性）；整齐，匀称
 - balance, regularity

Word: stylish
Front: stylish
[ˈstaɪlɪʃ] (8712/8883 -2)
Vocabulary: stylish
(once / 2447 pages)
adj
A stylish person is someone who has a bold sense of fashion, like a queen with flowing robes and gowns, or your friend who always wears the best-looking jeans.
Stylish can describe polite and elegant manners, or it can describe dressing with the current fashion trends, like you walked off the pages of a magazine. The word style makes up the bulk of stylish, and stylish people are in tune with all the latest styles of dress. The suffix ish- can mean “belonging to” and also “addicted to,” and stylish people sometimes do have an addiction to clothes.
WORD FAMILY
stylish: stylisher, stylishest, stylishly, stylishness, unstylish+/ style: styled, styleless, styler, styles, styling, stylise, stylish, stylist, stylistic, stylize /styled: self-styled/stylise: stylisation, stylised/stylist: stylists/stylistic: stylistically/stylization: stylizations/ stylize: stylization, stylized, stylizes, stylizing/unstylish: unstylishly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Marc Riboud, a giant of humanist photography, did so with stylish ease.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
“She is such a stylish individual because of her confidence and intelligence.”
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Vernon-based Critical Cycles helps you build your own bike online with stylish options.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 时髦的，流行的，入时的; 现代风格的; 漂亮的
分布：时髦的(75%)，流行的(15%)，潇洒的(10%)
→style,风格，举止，时尚，-ish,形容词后缀。
adjective approving
 ADVANCED
■of a high quality in appearance, design or behaviour 气派；优雅格调
• The film's direction is subtle and stylish. 这部电影导演手法精巧细致、格调高雅。
adj. 时髦的；现代风格的；潇洒的
 - modern, fashionable, tony, in, smart

Word: tianjin
Front: tianjin
[ˈtjɑ:nˈdʒin] None
Back: 天津（市）（旧译 Tientsin）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: womb
Front: womb
[wu:m] (9091/10010 -1)
Vocabulary: womb
(once / 1190 pages)
n
A womb is the organ in which female mammals grow and carry a fetus before it's ready to be born. Your first home was a womb, but good luck trying to return there.
Womb is a slightly more casual, everyday way to say uterus. Whichever word you use, it's the name of the organ that biologically female mammals have for growing fetuses before birth. Many animals have two wombs, but humans just have one. In Old English, womb meant "uterus," but it also meant "belly, bowels, or heart."
WORD FAMILY
womb: wombs
USAGE EXAMPLES
My wife noticed every tummy bubble, gurgle and burp, hoping against hope that it was the sound of a new life stirring in her womb.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
In the womb, the placenta acts as the fetus’ lungs.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The amniotic fluid protects the baby and helps it develop inside the mother's womb.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 子宫; 发源地，摇篮
vt. 容纳
分布：子宫(96%)，孕育处(4%)
→词源不详。
[wu:m] (specialized uterus)
noun countable
■the organ in the body of a woman or other female mammal in which a baby develops before birth 子宫
• Researchers are looking at how a mother's health can affect the baby in the womb. 研究人员正在观察母亲的健康会对子宫中的胎儿产生何种影响。
n. [解剖] 子宫；发源地
 - matrix, uterus
vt. 容纳
 - contain, accept, accommodate, hold up to

Word: workable
Front: workable
[ˈwɜ:kəbl] (12495/13823 -1)
Back: adj. 可行的; 可经营的; （物质）可加工的; 可塑的
分布：切实可行的(57%)，可使用的(38%)，易加工的(5%)
US ['wɝ:-] adjective
HAVING EFFECT 产生效果
■describes a plan or system that can be used effectively 可行的；切合实际的
• a workable solution/compromise/proposal 可行的解决办法／妥协方案／建议
UK ['wɜ:.kə.bl] US ['wɝ:-] adjective
SHAPE 使成形
■describes a substance that you can shape, change or process in some way 使成形；塑造；加工
• The ground is too hard to be workable (= dug). 地太硬了，根本挖不动。

Word: watershed
Front: watershed
[ˈwɔ:təʃed] (宝 7689/14176 -1)
Vocabulary: watershed
(once / 4764 pages)
n
A watershed is a turning point, or historic moment. The day you got your braces off might have been a watershed moment in your life.
Watershed is a geographical term, originally. The area that drains into a single river is the watershed for that river. Watershed can also mean a ridge, like that formed by a chain of mountains, which sends water to two different rivers on either side. It's from this meaning that watershed came to mean a turning point or dividing line in social life.
WORD FAMILY
watershed: watersheds
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was a complicated year for climate change and clean-air policy, though probably not a watershed one.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
My family and I hunt on the land and boat in one of its watershed rivers every weekend possible.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Join Seattle Public Utilities for a day of discovering wildlife in the Cedar River Watershed through hands-on activities, crafts, presentations and nature walks.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 分水岭; 集水区; 转折点; 流域
adj. 标志转折点的
分布：流域(49%)，分水岭(42%)，转折点(9%)
→water,水，shed,分开。
【记】water水，shed（v 脱落；n 分水岭）
【反】『ambiguity（n 含糊；不明确）』；routine（n 例行事务）
US ['wɑ:.tˌɚ-] noun
BIG CHANGE 大的变化
only singular
■an event or period which is important because it represents a big change in how people do or think about something 转折点，分界线，分水岭（指标志重大变化的事件或时期）
• The year 1969 was a watershed in her life - she changed her career and changed her partner. 1969年是她人生的一个转折点——她转了行，也更换了伴侣。
UK ['wɔ:.tə.ʃed] US ['wɑ:.tˌɚ-] noun
HIGH GROUND 高地
countable specialized
■an area of high ground from which water flows down to a river 分水岭，分水界
UK ['wɔ:.tə.ʃed] US ['wɑ:.tˌɚ-] noun
TELEVISION 电视
the watershed only singular UK
■in Britain, the time in the evening, usually 9 p.m., when television programmes which are not suitable for children may start to be shown 分水岭时间（在英国通常指晚上九点以后电视可以播放儿童不宜节目的时段）
n. （美） [水文] 流域； [地理] 分水岭；集水区；转折点
 - valley, divide, river basin

Word: analytics
Front: analytics
[ˌænə'lɪtɪks] (32240/-)
Back: n. 分析学，解析学，分析论
分布：解析学(40%)，分析学(40%)，分析论(20%)

Word: antiquated
Front: antiquated
[ˈæntɪkweɪtɪd] (托宝 14392/18524 -1)
Vocabulary: antiquated
(once / 2287 pages)
adj
Something is antiquated when it is so old that it is no longer useful. If your parents believe that you shouldn't use the Internet when you write papers for school, you might call their ideas antiquated.
Something is antiquated when it is so old, it's like an antique or recognizable from another era and has the negative feel of being thoroughly outmoded. Things like typewriters, sealing wax for letters, and ideas of proper etiquette all seem antiquated in modern society. Currently, things get antiquated ever faster — 5-inch floppy disks for computers and dial-up modems were very modern fifteen years ago, but now they're antiquated.
WORD FAMILY
antiquate: antiquated, antiquates, antiquating+/ antique: antiquate, antiqued, antiquely, antiques, antiquing, antiquity / antiquity: antiquities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Using antiquated pumps as large as truck engines, they drive enormous quantities of liquid cement into the earth.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
The electoral college is not only antiquated but also discredited.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
The big institutional model of Western State is antiquated.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 过时的，陈旧的; 老式的，古色古香的; 有古风的; 年老的
v. 使古旧，废弃（antiquate的过去式和过去分词）
分布：过时的(51%)，陈旧的(27%)，古老的(18%)，废弃的(2%)，动词antiquate的过去式和过去分词.(2%)
陈旧的(antique+ated)[anci,antiq=old,表示"古老"]
【记】源于antique（n 古董）。参：antiquity（n 古老，高龄）
US [-tˌə.kweɪ.tˌɪd] adjective
■old-fashioned or unsuitable for modern society 陈旧的；过时的；老式的
• It will take many years to modernise these antiquated industries. 这些老工业实现现代化将需要很多年的时间。
• Compared with modern satellite dishes, ordinary TV aerials look positively antiquated. 和现代卫星电视碟形天线相比，普通的电视天线无疑是太过时了。
• antiquated ideas/attitudes/values 陈旧的观念／看法／价值观
• antiquated laws/machinery/technology 过时的法律／陈旧的机器／落伍的技术
adj. 过时的；陈旧的；年老的
 - old, ancient, aged, advanced
v. 使古旧；废弃（antiquate的过去分词）
 - disused

Word: countrywide
Front: countrywide
[ˌkʌntriˈwaɪd] (27088/23007)
Back: adj. 全国的; 全国性
分布：全国性的(100%)
adjective adverb
■existing in or involving all parts of a country 全国性的（地）；全国范围的（地）
• a countrywide epidemic 全国性的流行病
• countrywide protests against the government 全国性的反政府抗议
• The bank has three branches in Norwich, and over three hundred countrywide. 这间银行在诺里奇有3家分行，在全国则超过300家。
adj. 全国范围的
 - nationwide
adv. 全国性地
 - nationally

Word: contestant
Front: contestant
[kənˈtestənt] (8743/12459 -1)
Vocabulary: contestant
(once / 2409 pages)
1n 2n
A contestant is someone who competes in a game or contest. Contestants in many beauty competitions need to demonstrate a talent, like singing or dancing, as well as look pretty.
If you're a contestant on a TV game show, you might have to answer trivia questions, and if you're a debate contestant, you need to argue your case clearly. You can also be a contestant in a sporting competition or on a reality show. Contestant comes from the verb contest, from the French contester, "oppose," which has a Latin root, contestari, "to bring action."
WORD FAMILY
contestant: contestants
USAGE EXAMPLES
The other contestants will include fellow Olympians Louis Smith and Jade Jones, and model Caprice Bourret.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
America’s Next Top Model DJ Khaled schools the contestants on social media branding in this new episode.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It was as if their bodies were intensifying their effort to pull the contestants back to their original weight.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
Back: n. 竞争者，竞赛者; 争论者; （对选举结果）有异议者
分布：参赛者(71%)，竞争者(29%)
竞争者(contest+ant)[test=test,tuitness,表示"测试,证据"]
US [-tˌənt] noun countable
COMPETITION 竞争者
■someone who competes in a contest 参赛选手；竞争者
• In tonight's quiz, our contestants have come from all over the country. 参加今晚知识竞赛的选手们来自全国各地。
UK [kən'tes.tənt] US [-tˌənt] noun countable
ATTEMPT 争夺
■someone who attempts to win an election or get power or control 争夺者；竞争者
• Two main candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency. 两位主要候选人最终脱颖而出成为总统职位的有力竞争者。
n. 竞争者；争辩者
 - competitor, rival

Word: directorate
Front: directorate
[dəˈrektərət] (23643/12451 -1)
Back: n. 主管的职位或职务; 导演的职位或职务; 董事会; 指挥部
分布：理事会(88%)，董事的职位或职务(12%)
noun countable
■a department or organization which is responsible for one particular thing （负责特定事物的）专署，专门机构
• the Norwegian fish and game directorate 挪威渔业与野生动物署
• the directorate of corporate development 公司发展处
[+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of directors 董事会，理事会，指导委员会
n. 董事会；理事会；指挥部
 - headquarters, governing board

Word: expropriate
Front: expropriate
[eksˈprəʊprieɪt] (宝 25270/26666)
Vocabulary: expropriate
(once / 8041 pages)
v
Use the verb expropriate to describe the act of taking people's property, usually by a government. If you really like your neighbor's house, you may wish you could expropriate the property.
To correctly pronounce expropriate, say "ex-PRO-pree-ate." It sounds a lot like another verb, appropriate and has a similar meaning. That's because of their shared Latin root proprius, which means "own." Expropriate is typically used to describe taking property — rather than smaller possessions — and a government or other official organization is usually the one doing the taking. For example, a state may expropriate property in order to build a new road.
WORD FAMILY
expropriate: expropriated, expropriates, expropriating, expropriation+/expropriation: expropriations
USAGE EXAMPLES
In response, Venezuela expropriated the assets of both companies.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Productivity collapsed and the aristocracy’s far-flung assets were expropriated, while Rome’s trade networks and fiscal structures were destroyed.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
He meets a couple of guys who have a biplane, and want to purchase—in the sense of expropriate—the gas station.
The New Yorker(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 没收（财产），征用; 剥夺…的所有权
时态：expropriated, expropriating, expropriates
分布：没收(42%)，征用(39%)，剥夺(19%)
→ex-, 向外。-propr, 自己的，词源同property, appropriate. 即自己的东西被拿走，后指征用。
没收,征用(ex出+propri+ate→不再拥有→没收)[proper,propri=one's own表示"拥有",引申为"恰当的"]
【记】ex出，propriate＝appropriate（v 挪用adj 适当的）－挪为己用－没收；proprietary（adj 私人拥有的n 所有者；所有权）
【参】property（n 性质；财产）；
US [-'sproʊ-] formal
verb transitive
■to take away money or property especially for public use without payment to the owner, or for personal use illegally （尤指无偿充公）征用，没收；（尤指个人非法）侵占，把…据为己有
• He was discovered to have been expropriating company funds. 他被发现一直在侵吞公司资金。
vt. 没收，征用；剥夺
 - shear, sequestrate

Word: divest
Front: divest
[daɪˈvest] (宝 18517/18521)
Vocabulary: divest
(once / 1545 pages)
1v 2v
It could be your wine portfolio, your stake in a mining company, or even the extra coats that are taking up space in your closet. Whatever it is, when you divest something, you get rid of it.
Divest is sort of a fancy way to say “dispose of.” It’s often used in a business context to describe companies or governments that divest some of their holdings by selling them off. It can also be used in the sense of taking something away from someone. For example if your boss becomes insane and power mad, his handlers may divest him of his title, meaning his position is taken away from him.
WORD FAMILY
divest: divested, divesting, divestiture, divests+/divestiture: divestitures
USAGE EXAMPLES
Karl Mayo, 32, and Sen Holiday, 26, lowered a sign with the word "Divest" calling for U.S.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Bank to divest from the $3.8 billion pipeline crossing four states.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
The banner, which read “Divest #NoDAPL” and carried the US Bank logo, was hung in the US Bank Stadium by two people.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 剥夺; 脱去（衣服）; 2。从…取去…; 1。（给某人）脱衣服
时态：divested, divesting, divests
分布：剥夺(58%)，脱去(19%)，摆脱(14%)，剥除(9%)
→di-, 不，非，使相反，来自dis-变体。vest, 衣服，袍子。即使脱去衣服。
脱去,剥夺(di去掉+vest→去掉衣服→脱去)[uest=clothes,表示"衣服"]
【记】di去掉，vest（n 背心；内衣vt 使穿衣服；授予）－脱衣；剥夺
【参】vested（adj 法定的；穿着衣服的）；vestment（n 外衣；法衣）
【反】endow（v 捐赠；赋予）
[daɪ'vest] mainly US
verb intransitive or transitive
■to sell something, especially a business or a part of a business 卖掉，出售（企业或其中一部分）
• The company is divesting its less profitable business operations. 该公司打算出售其盈利较差的业务。
• [R] She has divested her self of (= sold) some of her share-holdings. 她已经卖掉了自己的一些股份。
[daɪ'vest] mainly US
verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  divest sb of sth formal
■to take something off or away from someone or yourself 取消（某人）的…；处理掉；丢弃
• There is a growing movement to divest the monarchy of its remaining constitutional power. 要求取消王室现有宪法权力的运动愈演愈烈。
• [R] She divested her self of her cumbersome attire. 她脱下笨重的服装。
vt. 剥夺；使脱去，迫使放弃
 - shear, strip of

Word: eldest
Front: eldest
[ˈeldɪst] (9528/5582 -1)
Vocabulary: eldest
(once / 365 pages)
adjn
Someone who's described as eldest in their family was born first. Your eldest sister is the oldest one.
Use the adjective eldest when you're describing people in terms of birth order: the oldest is the eldest. Your eldest friend is older than your other friends. You can also use the word as a noun, meaning "firstborn." Your mom might introduce you by saying, "This is my eldest." It's a somewhat formal, old fashioned word, much less popular today than "oldest."
WORD FAMILY
eldest: eldests
USAGE EXAMPLES
In many African cultures, there is no need for someone to explain whether they are the eldest or youngest of their siblings.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
“It’s fine,” Amiri, the eldest son, said of their living situation.
New York Times(Jun 06, 2016)
My eldest son calls it 'Mummy's smiley face'.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 最年长的，最老的; 年事最高的(old的最高级)
n. 最年长者
分布：最年长的(87%)，最老的(13%)
adjective [before noun]
 ADVANCED
■being the oldest of three or more people, especially within a family （尤指某一家庭中三个或三个以上的成员里）年龄最大的
• Her eldest child is nearly 14. 她最大的孩子快14岁了。
['el.dɪst] noun only singular
the eldest
 ADVANCED
■a person who is the oldest of three of more people （三个或三个以上的人中）年龄最大的人
• He was the eldest of four kids. 四个孩子中他是老大。
 ADVANCED
■the oldest child in a family 长子；长女
• My eldest is at college. 我的大孩子正在上大学。

Word: halo
Front: halo
[ˈheɪləʊ] (宝 9536/14858 -1)
Vocabulary: halo
(once / 1701 pages)
n
A glowing light that circles something, like the moon or a person's head is a halo. Painters of religious art often put a halo around the heads of angels and saints.
A halo is a symbol of holiness, represented by a circle or arc of light around the head of a saint or holy person. Any circle of light can be described as a halo, even in a non-religious context; sometimes you'll see a glowing halo of light around the moon, for example. The word halo also means "glory or majesty," a symbolic halo rather than a physical one. The Greek halos means "ring of light around the sun or moon."
WORD FAMILY
halo: haloes, halos
USAGE EXAMPLES
One reason may be the so-called expert halo, which causes people to blindly defer to the perceived authority in the group.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The explanation was a halo of dark matter around the galaxies that spread mass throughout the galaxies.
Reuters(Dec 26, 2016)
The two major live-action openings this weekend — also science-fiction-oriented — are both struggling, quieting hopes of a “Star Wars” halo effect.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 光环; 荣光; （日月等的）晕
vt. 使有晕轮; 围以光环
vi. 成晕轮
分布：神像之光环(100%)
→来自希腊语halos,日晕，月晕，后引申词义圣人头上的光环，光轮。其原义为圆形门槛围栏，词源不详，可能来自skel,弯，转，词源同leg,close,isosceles.
【记】源于hallow（v 把…视为神圣；崇敬）连hall都low了。
US [-loʊ] noun (plural halos or haloes)
countable
■a ring of light around the head of a holy person in a religious drawing or painting （宗教绘画中圣人头上的）光环
countable usually singular
■a bright circle of light around something, or something that looks like this （物体周围的）晕；圈
• the halo around the moon 月晕
• a halo of blonde curls 一圈金色鬈发
n. 光环；荣光
 - aura, aureola

Word: fright
Front: fright
[fraɪt] (高研六托 12606/10016 -1)
Vocabulary: fright
(once / 206 pages)
nv
Fright is a feeling of fear, dread, or terror. You might scream in fright while watching a scary movie or riding a roller coaster.
Some fright is so intense that it makes you jump; other fright is caused by anticipating something vaguely scary, like a trip to the dentist or an encounter with your mean neighbor after your baseball breaks her window. Although it's old fashioned, you can also use fright as a verb, to mean "cause fear." The Old English root of fright is fyrhtu, "fear, dread, trembling, or horrible sight."
WORD FAMILY
fright: frighted, frightful, frighting, frights+/frightful: frightfuler, frightfulest, frightfully, frightfulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
McKinnon and Beck Bennett joined elevator operator Kenan Thompson for a “100 Floors of Fright”; what they got was beyond their wildest dreams.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
But it’s only when Jamal’s father shows up unannounced to browbeat the kid about his gunshot-induced stage fright that the younger Lyon’s pulse skyrockets.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Researchers found other interesting patterns, Variety noted, such as how horror-series bingers often turn to tickling their funny bone after feasting on fright.
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 恐怖; 惊吓; 可怕的东西，难看的人
v. 使惊恐
分布：惊恐(54%)，惊骇(46%)
→来自perg, 恐惧，害怕。与fear没有辞源上的联系。
n.恐怖The enlightened man highlighted his mighty insight into the fright.开明的人强调他的强大的对惊悸了解.
noun [S or U]
 ADVANCED
■the feeling of fear, especially if felt suddenly, or an experience of fear which happens suddenly （尤指突然产生的）恐惧，惊吓；使人惊吓的经历
• I lay in bed shaking with fright. 我躺在床上吓得发抖。
• You gave her such a fright turning the lights out like that. 你那样把灯给关了，吓了她一大跳。
• You gave me the fright of my life (= a very severe fright) , jumping out of the shadows like that! 你那样从暗处跳出来，把我吓死了！
take fright
■to feel fear 受到惊吓
• Our dog took fright at the noise of the fireworks and ran indoors. 我们的狗听到爆竹声吓得跑进屋来。
[fraɪt] noun [S or U]
look a fright old-fashioned informal
■to look ugly or stupid 模样丑陋；看上去很傻
• Didn't she look a fright in that dress? 她穿那件衣服看上去是不是很傻？
alarm, fear, fright, horror, panic, terror, dread
这些名词均含“恐惧、惧怕、惊恐”之意。
alarm: 强调突然意识到有危险而产生的恐惧心理。
fear: 普通用词，侧重指面临危险或灾祸时内心所引起的恐惧心情。
fright: 通常指一阵突然的、令人震惊的短暂恐惧，有时含夸张意味。
horror: 侧重指因看到令人讨厌或危险的东西或情景而引起的厌恶情绪、极度恐惧心情或战栗的动作。
panic: 常指因突如其来的外界威胁使人群出现惊慌、恐惧或混乱。
terror: 指极大的恐惧和惊骇，语气最强。
dread: 可与fear换用，着重害怕的心理，但dread常指胆怯和丧失勇气。
n. 惊吓；惊骇
 - horror, pavor
vt. 使惊恐
 - alarm, exercise

Word: glee
Front: glee
[gli:] (宝 13136/15126 -1)
Vocabulary: glee
(once / 632 pages)
n
If you learned that you'd won a trip for four to Disney World, it would be hard to hide your glee. Glee means extreme happiness or delight.
Anything that makes you full of joy, so happy you could laugh out loud, fills you with glee. If your favorite football team wins the Super Bowl, your glee will make you cheer, and a kid let loose with a ten dollar bill in a candy shop might dance around with glee. In the 1700s and 1800s, a glee was a song written for men's a cappella singing groups, which were sometimes called glee clubs.
WORD FAMILY
glee: gleeful, glees+/ gleeful: gleefulest, gleefully, gleefulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ms. Damrau dispatched the aria with rosy sound, agile coloratura and girlish glee.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
They document themselves with reality-show glee clearing Islamic state tunnels, hoisting salvaged weapons, pointing to graffiti, prisoners and corpses.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He then described with glee watching CNN anchor John King’s shocked expression as it became clear that Trump would win after all.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 快乐，欢喜; 重唱的歌曲; [乐]合唱曲
分布：高兴(60%)，欢乐(40%)
→词源同glad, 兴奋。引申义幸灾乐祸。参照同源词gloat.
【记】flee（v 逃跑）后心情就会glee
【参】gleeful（adj 愉快的）
noun uncountable
■happiness, excitement or pleasure 快乐；兴奋；高兴
• She opened her presents with glee. 她兴高采烈地打开礼物。
n. 快乐；欢欣；重唱歌曲
 - pleasure, joy

Word: flap
Front: flap
[flæp] (研六托雅 8113/8726 -2)
Vocabulary: flap
(once / 623 pages)
1vn 2nv 3v
You're probably familiar with the verb to "flap," which is what birds do with their wings. But as a noun, a flap is a fuss, an argument, or a gossipy feud.
A big part of the pleasure of reality TV shows is watching how quickly a person can start a flap. A dumb remark, a furtive glance, a missed phone call: any of these things can start the characters bickering. And the flap can go on for an entire season! One way to remember the meaning of the verb to flap is to imagine the sound of many wings flapping. That's the sound a flap might make if you could hear it. The leak from the senator's press agent might have caused a firestorm. Instead it resulted in just a minor flap.
WORD FAMILY
flap: flapped, flapping, flaps, unflappable +/flapping: flappings/ unflappable: unflappably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Seconds later, he re-emerged, holding on to a chaotic mess of flapping flippers.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Tattered sheets and underwear were flapping on a clothesline a few feet from his patio tables.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
It suggests that the Tu-154 jet's wing flaps - panels which help lift an aircraft - were not moving together, causing the crew to lose control.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 扁平物; [航] 襟翼; 拍打，拍打声; 〈口〉不安，恐慌
v. 上下或左右移动、摆动; 轻拍; 振翅而飞
时态：flapped, flapping, flaps
分布：拍打(60%)，拍打声(14%)，副翼(12%)，鼓翼而飞(11%)，片状垂悬物(3%)
→来自辅音丛fl, 扑腾，拍打，拟声词。引申词义封盖等。
n.垂下物,帽沿,袋盖n./v.拍打,拍动With time elapsing, the flaps collapse up on his clapper's lap.随着时间流逝,袋盖在拍手者的膝上堆叠起来.
verb (-pp-)
WAVE 挥动
intransitive or transitive
■to wave something, especially wings when or as if flying 振（翅）；扑打翅膀；拍打，摆动
• A small bird flapped its wings furiously and flew upwards. 一只小鸟用力扑动翅膀，向上飞去。
• Flags flapped in the breeze above their tents. 微风中，旗子在他们帐篷上方飘动。
[flæp] verb (-pp-)
BEHAVE NERVOUSLY 表现慌张
intransitive informal
■to behave in a nervous and excited way 激动；焦躁
• Don't flap - there's plenty of time to cook before they arrive. 别慌，在他们到来之前还有充裕的时间准备饭菜。
• Stop flapping about/around ! 别慌里慌张的！
[flæp] noun
ADDITIONAL PIECE 附加的一片
countable
■a piece of cloth or other material fixed along one edge, especially used for covering or closing something 袋盖；口盖
• a pocket flap 口袋的袋盖
• a tent flap (= a piece of cloth which acts like a door) 帐篷门帘
• A small flap of skin can be seen above the wound. 可以看到伤口上结了一小块皮痂。
[flæp] noun
NERVOUS STATE 紧张状态
only singular informal
■a state of nervous excitement 紧张兴奋
• She's in a flap because her parents are coming to visit. 因为父母要来看她，她心情又激动又慌乱。
[flæp] noun
AIRCRAFT PART 飞机部件
countable specialized
■part of the back of an aircraft wing which can be moved up or down to help the aircraft go up or down （飞机的）襟翼，副翼，阻力板
[flæp] noun
WAVE 挥动
countable
■when a bird waves its wings when flying, or when something else moves in this way 振（翅）；扑打翅膀；拍打，摆动
• A few flaps of its long wings and the bird was gone. 那只鸟扑动了几下长翅，就飞得看不见了。
n. 拍打，拍打声； [航] 副翼
 - aileron
vi. 拍动；鼓翼而飞；（帽边等）垂下
 - hang
vt. 拍打；扔；拉下帽边；飘动
 - wash, throw into

Word: mismanage
Front: mismanage
[ˌmɪsˈmænɪdʒ] (21747/33111)
Vocabulary: mismanage
(once / 2975 pages)
v
To mismanage is to handle something badly. A company will go bankrupt if its leaders mismanage it. If you mismanage your allowance, you’ll be out of money in no time.
To manage is to handle or run something, so to mismanage is to make a mess of something you're doing or running. A general manager could mismanage a basketball team by trading away good players. The President can mismanage the country by making political and economic mistakes. You can mismanage your time if you goof off and don't get your work done. To mismanage is to mishandle.
WORD FAMILY
mismanage: mismanaged, mismanagement, mismanages, mismanaging+/ manage: manageable, managed, management, manager, manages, managing, mismanage / manageable: manageability, manageableness, manageably, unmanageable/ management: managements/ manager: managerial, managers, managership/managerial: managerially/managership: managerships/mismanagement: mismanagements/unmanageable: unmanageableness, unmanageably
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Many people, including those on Obama’s national security council, believed the administration underestimated and mismanaged the political response to Bergdahl’s rescue,” she said.
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
The daughter who constantly mismanaged her checking account — and turned to payday lenders when parents stopped covering her overdrafts.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Opposition parties have criticized the move, saying the government mismanaged the currency change and that Modi should address Parliament to explain his decision.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 对…管理不善，对…经营不当
n. 管理不善，经营不当
时态：mismanaged, mismanaging, mismanages
分布：处置失当(75%)，对 ... 管理不善(25%)
verb transitive
■to organize or control something badly 对…管理不善；对…处置不当
• The restaurant was hopelessly mismanaged by a former rock musician with no business experience. 这家餐厅被一个没有做过生意的前摇滚乐手经营得一塌糊涂。

Word: liaison
Front: liaison
[liˈeɪzn] (托雅宝 8208/5309 -1)
Vocabulary: liaison
(once / 2990 pages)
1n 2n
Employ the French-sounding word liaison to refer to a relationship, a link between people or groups who aids communication.
There are two main definitions for liaison that stem from Old French and before that, the Latin word for "to bind." The first definition refers in general to a connection or a relationship that serves effective communication. The second definition refers more specifically to an illicit relationship, or an affair, and can have a negative connotation.
WORD FAMILY
liaison: liaisons
USAGE EXAMPLES
He would work as a consultant alongside the club’s supporter liaison officer.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
One of the team will be picked as the official liaison, dealing with the Colombians.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
If confirmed, Ross would become the Trump administration’s chief liaison with the business community and a leading advocate for U.S. trade abroad.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 联络，联络人; [语]连音; （尤指一方或双方已婚的）私通; [烹]加浓料
分布：联络(100%)
→来自拉丁语ligare,绑定，连结，词源同ligament,oblige.引申词义联络，联系。
【记】lia捆，ison一捆在一起一联系
US [-zɑ:n] noun
LINK BETWEEN 联系
[S or U]
■communication between people or groups who work with each other 联络，联系，沟通
• He blamed the lack of liaison between the various government departments. 他指责各个政府部门之间缺乏沟通。
• The police have appointed a liaison officer to work with the local community. 警方已指派了一名联络官与当地社区进行合作。
countable mainly US
■someone who helps groups to work effectively with each other 联络官，联络人
• She served as a liaison between the different groups. 她充当各团体之间的联络人。
UK [li'eɪ.zɒn] US [-zɑ:n] noun
RELATIONSHIP 关系
countable formal
■a sexual relationship, especially between two people not married to each other （尤指婚外的）性关系；私通；婚外情
• He's had a number of liaisons. 他已发生了好几段婚外情。

Word: mercifully
Front: mercifully
[ˈmɜ:sɪfəli] (16737/14841 -1)
Back: adv. 幸运地; 宽厚地; 仁慈地
分布：仁慈地(63%)，宽厚地(25%)，幸好(12%)
ADV
幸运地;有福气地;幸好
You can use mercifully to show that you are glad that something good has happened, or that something bad has not happened or has stopped.
例：Mercifully, a friend came to the rescue...幸好一个朋友赶来解了围。
例：Bolivia has been mercifully free of large-scale, drug-related violence.幸运的是，玻利维亚没有发生过与毒品有关的大规模暴力事件。
adv. 仁慈地
 - benevolently, kindly

Word: redouble
Front: redouble
[ˌri:ˈdʌbl] (20043/21148)
Vocabulary: redouble
(once / 1374 pages)
v
To redouble something is to intensify it or make it bigger. After losing your initial run for school president, you might redouble your efforts the next year, with a bigger and better campaign.
You'll almost always find the verb redouble accompanied by efforts, as when the local police force makes a pledge to redouble their efforts to cut down on people texting while driving. Or in an attempt to have a more diverse student body, a college might redouble its efforts to recruit applicants from different geographical areas. The root of redouble is the Middle French word redoubler, which combines re, "again," and doubler, "to double."
WORD FAMILY
redouble: redoubled, redoubles, redoubling
USAGE EXAMPLES
The underlying absurdity of those shows was redoubled through his lens, occasionally in the form of magical realism.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Israel’s nationalist government is banking on the incoming Trump administration to undo the damage with redoubled support.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
Wake’s drive seemed to redouble after he tore his left Achilles tendon in Game 7 last year.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 进一步加强，大大增加
vi. 再加倍，翻两番
时态：redoubled, redoubling, redoubles
分布：加倍(94%)，重复(3%)，再折叠(3%)
→re-,再，重新，double,加倍。
verb transitive
■to make something much more than before; to increase something 加倍；加强；增加
• The government, he said, must redouble their efforts to beat crime. 他说政府必须要加大力度打击犯罪。
vi. 加倍；回响；急速折回
 - double, ring, sound

Word: resurface
Front: resurface
[ˌri:ˈsɜ:fɪs] (14009/15258 -1)
Vocabulary: resurface
(once / 14172 pages)
v
To resurface is to cover something with a fresh coat, like to resurface a road with new asphalt. It also means to come back, like a problem you wanted to forget or a monster in a movie that won’t die.
You can resurface a birthday cake with another layer of frosting if you discover your brother has stuck his finger in the original buttercream. Another way to resurface is to emerge or appear again, sometimes above an actual surface, like when a dolphin dives under water and then resurfaces several minutes later. The dream you forgot when you woke up might also (figuratively) resurface later in the day.
WORD FAMILY
resurface: resurfaced, resurfaces, resurfacing+/ surface: resurface, subsurface, surfaced, surfacely, surfaces, surfacing, undersurface/surfacing: surfacings
USAGE EXAMPLES
After Killinger resurfaced here, few wanted to be seen with him.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
One of these tributes is a newly resurfaced, 15-second scene cut from Star Wars: The Force Awakens.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Nearby, a paving crew was preparing to resurface a portion of the lot.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: v. 重铺路面; 重新露面; 浮上水面
时态：resurfaced, resurfacing, resurfaces
分布：重新露面(60%)，浮上水面(30%)，为...铺设新表面(10%)
→re-,再，重新，surface,表面，水面。
US [-'sɝ:-] verb
COVER 覆盖
transitive
■to put a new surface on a road 重新铺（路）；给…重铺路面
• Drivers will experience delays while stretches of the road are being resurfaced. 有几段路正在重新铺路面，过往车辆司机的行程会延误。
UK [ˌri:'sɜ:.fɪs] US [-'sɝ:-] verb
APPEAR AGAIN 再次浮出
intransitive
■to rise to the surface of the water again 再次浮出；再次露出水面
• When the divers did not resurface after an hour, three crew members dived down to look for them. 一个小时后潜水员们都没有浮出水面，于是三名船员潜水下去搜寻他们。
intransitive
■to appear again after being lost, stolen or absent （失窃、失踪或缺席后）再露面，重新露头，重新出现
• Please contact me if any of the stolen paintings resurface. 如果被盗画作中的任何一幅再次出现，请跟我联系。
• Jill resurfaced last week, after spending the past few months doing research in the library. 吉尔数月来一直泡在图书馆里做研究，上星期才又露面。
intransitive
■If a memory resurfaces, you remember it again after you had forgotten about it （记忆）浮现，唤起，再次出现
• Memories of his childhood resurfaced when he saw the photographs. 他看到这些照片后，童年的记忆又浮现在眼前。

Word: peculiarly
Front: peculiarly
[pɪˈkju:liəli] (16963/11352)
Back: adv. 异常地; 尤其地; 古怪地; 单独地
分布：特有地(67%)，古怪地(33%)
US [-'kju:l.jɚ-] adverb
VERY 非常 slightly old-fashioned or literary
■very or especially 非常；特别，尤其
• It's peculiarly painful where I burnt my hand. 我手上烧伤的地方很痛。
• She's a peculiarly attractive woman. 她是个非常有魅力的女人。
UK [pɪ'kju:.li.ə.li] US [-'kju:l.jɚ-] adverb
STRANGELY 奇怪地
■in a strange, and sometimes unpleasant, way 奇怪地，古怪地
• He looked at me most peculiarly. 他很怪异地看着我。
• The streets were peculiarly quiet for the time of day. 白天这个时候街道上异常安静。
adv. 特别；尤其；古怪地；奇怪地
 - especially, strange

Word: shiver
Front: shiver
[ˈʃɪvə(r)] (研四六雅 6211/5205 -2)
Vocabulary: shiver
(once / 276 pages)
vn
People shiver, or shake and tremble, when they're very cold. You might shiver in the snow if you forget to wear your winter coat.
While you are most likely to shiver in the cold, you might also shiver from excitement or even fear. The involuntary shudder our bodies make in chilly weather is a response meant to raise our body temperature to a safe level. Shiver was originally chiveren, from the Old English ceafl, or "jaw." This is thought to be connected to the chattering your teeth do when you shiver.
WORD FAMILY
shiver: shivered, shivering, shivers, shivery+/shivering: shiveringingly, shiveringly, shiverings
USAGE EXAMPLES
I shiver in my paper gown, sitting near a table with glossy magazines.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Klopp, meanwhile, simply looked frozen through as he shivered on the touchline.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Drenched and shivering, there were no obvious signs of serious physical trauma.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 发抖，颤抖; 碎块，破片
vi. 战栗，发抖
vt. 由于航行时太靠近风而使（帆）颤动
时态：shivered, shivering, shivers
分布：发抖(40%)，哆嗦(28%)，打碎(15%)，颤动(9%)，碎块(5%)，冷颤(3%)
v./n.战栗,发抖From the fact, the shivering driver derives that the diver may thrive on river.发抖的司机从这个事实得出结论说跳水员可以靠河流繁荣.
US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■When people or animals shiver, they shake slightly because they feel cold, ill or frightened （因寒冷、疾病或恐惧而）轻微颤抖，发抖
• The poor dog - it's shivering! 可怜的狗——它在发抖！
• He shivered with cold in his thin cotton shirt. 他只穿着薄薄的棉布衬衫，冻得瑟缩发抖。
UK ['ʃɪv.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
■when your body shakes slightly because you are frightened, cold or ill （因受惊、寒冷或生病而出现的）颤栗；颤抖
• I felt/gave a shiver as I looked out at the dark expanse of sea. 看着外面漆黑无边的大海，我感到身上一阵颤抖。
the shivers [plural]
■when you shiver because you are ill （生病时出现的）发抖，寒颤
• She's aching and she's got the shivers, so I've sent her to bed. 她浑身疼痛，直打寒颤，所以我叫她躺到床上去了。
■informal
■when you feel frightened of someone or something （恐惧时的）颤抖，发抖
• I don't like him - he gives me the shivers. 我不喜欢他——他让我感到害怕。
UK ['ʃɪv.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
shiver (up and) down your spine informal
■a frightened or excited feeling （因恐惧或兴奋而）脊背发凉，战栗
• At its most terrifying, his writing sends shivers up and down my spine. 读到他作品中最恐怖的部分时，我不由得脊背发凉。
• Whenever I hear that music, I feel a shiver down my spine. 无论何时听到那段音乐，我都会感到一阵寒颤。
tremble, shudder, quiver, shake, vibrate, shiver
这组词都有“震动，颤抖”的意思，其区别是：
tremble: 指由于寒冷、虚弱、愤怒或恐惧等而发抖、战栗。
shudder: 着重指由于恐惧、震惊等而引起的全身突然而强烈地战栗。
quiver: 多用于指事物。指物体像乐器的弦一般地轻微而急速地颤动。
shake: 最普通用词，含义广。指人或物不自主地颤动、摇摆，常侧重剧烈和无规律。
vibrate: 指急速地连续震动，也指钟摆等的来回摆动。
shiver: 指因寒冷或情绪突变而出现的短时间的轻微和快速的颤抖。
n. 颤抖，战栗；碎片
 - chip, debris
vi. 颤抖；哆嗦；打碎
 - quake, judder
vt. 颤抖；打碎
 - quaver, to break up

Word: satisfactory
Front: satisfactory
[ˌsætɪsˈfæktəri] (研四六托 8301/3282 -2)
Vocabulary: satisfactory
(once / 191 pages)
adj
If something's satisfactory it's okay — acceptable, but maybe not great. When you take a course pass/fail, your grade will be satisfactory if you meet all the requirements and do a reasonable job, or unsatisfactory if you don't.
Try not to confuse satisfactory and satisfying. If you've cooked a satisfactory turkey for Thanksgiving, your guests aren't getting sick or making excuses to leave the table, but they're probably not asking for seconds either. But if your turkey is satisfying, everybody is complimenting you on your culinary skills and probably sitting back in their chairs with contented smiles on their faces.
WORD FAMILY
satisfactory: satisfactorily, satisfactoriness, unsatisfactory+/ dissatisfaction: dissatisfactions/dissatisfactory: dissatisfactorily/ dissatisfied: dissatisfiedly/ dissatisfy: dissatisfaction, dissatisfactory, dissatisfied, dissatisfies, dissatisfying/ satisfaction: satisfactions, self-satisfaction/satisfiable: unsatisfiable/ satisfied: satisfiedest, satisfiedly, self-satisfied, unsatisfied/satisfier: satisfiers/ satisfy: dissatisfy, satisfaction, satisfactory, satisfiable, satisfied, satisfier, satisfies, satisfying/satisfying: satisfyingly, unsatisfying/unsatisfactory: unsatisfactorily, unsatisfactoriness/unsatisfiable: unsatisfiably/unsatisfying: unsatisfyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wednesday the officer remained at the hospital in satisfactory care.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
But the audit found that the MWD did a “less than satisfactory” job administrating the program due to “inadequate planning, execution, and follow-up.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
But, ultimately, only one party determines what level of discussion is satisfactory.
The New Yorker(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人满意的; 符合要求的; [神]赎罪的
分布：令人满意的(100%)
令人满意的(来自satisfaction)[sati,satis,satur=enough,fulloffood,表示"足够,饱足"]
a.令人满意的,圆满的,良好的,符合要求的That's very satisfactory.那很好.
US [ˌsætˌ.ɪ'sfæk.tɚ-] adjective
 IMPROVER
■good or good enough for a particular need or purpose 令人满意的；使人满足的；够好的
• The teachers seem to think his work is satisfactory. 老师们似乎认为他的作品挺不错。
• We hope very much to find a satisfactory solution to the problem. 我们非常希望找到圆满解决这个问题的方案。
• The result of the match was highly satisfactory (= very pleasing). 比赛结果令人非常满意。
adj. 满意的；符合要求的；赎罪的
 - content, well-pleasing

Word: stocking
Front: stocking
[ˈstɒkɪŋ] (高研四六 8355/6503 -1)
Back: n. 长袜; 似长袜之物
分布：动词stock的现在分词形式.(100%)
→来自俚语义 stock,腿，-ing,集合名词后缀，表材料。
n.长(统)袜The mocker knocked the stock with the knots on the stocking and sock.嘲笑者用长袜和短裤上的结鼓打存货.
US ['stɑ:.kɪŋ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■one of a pair of tight-fitting coverings for the feet and legs made of light material and worn by women 长筒袜
• nylon/silk stockings. 长筒尼龙袜／丝袜
Compare nylons ; tights
UK ['stɒk.ɪŋ] US ['stɑ:.kɪŋ] noun countable
in your stocking(ed) feet
■wearing only socks or stockings and not shoes 只穿袜（不穿鞋）的
• Jerome stands 1m 75 in his stocking feet. 杰尔姆不穿鞋时身高是1米75。
stocking, socks
这组词都有“袜”的意思，其区别是：
stocking: 指长到膝或过膝的长袜，常用复数形式。
socks: 指长不到膝的短统袜子。

Word: spendthrift
Front: spendthrift
[ˈspendθrɪft] (宝 29234/34671)
Vocabulary: spendthrift
(once / 3892 pages)
nadj
A spendthrift person is reckless and wasteful with his money. If you're a spendthrift, you might find yourself in debt. However, it might be fun to have a spendthrift friend who likes to treat you to expensive lunches and lavish gifts.
Spendthrift was created by sticking two opposite words together: spend and thrift, which means “savings, wealth.” So a spendthrift spends all of his savings. Spendthrift people are the worst nightmare of retirement planners and Scrooges all over the globe. So unless you want to be called a spendthrift, think twice about your next purchase.
WORD FAMILY
spendthrift: spendthrifts
USAGE EXAMPLES
That independence can, for example, provide a tax advantage or prevent a spendthrift beneficiary from plowing through an inheritance.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Creditors doubt its resolve and expect it to go on bailing out the spendthrifts.
Economist(Nov 17, 2016)
They are generally friendly to business, their spendthrift populism aside.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: n. <贬>花钱无度的人，挥霍者; 败家子
adj. 浪费的，奢侈的
分布：挥霍无度的(59%)，浪费的(22%)，浪费的人(19%)
→spend,花钱，花销，thrift,节省，储蓄。引申词义挥霍者，大手大脚花钱的人。
【记】spend花费，thrift节约－把节约的钱花掉－挥霍的
【反】miser（n 守财奴；吝啬鬼）
noun countable
■someone who spends a lot of money in a wasteful way 挥霍者，花钱无度的人
adj. 挥霍无度的；浪费的
 - wasted, dissipative

Word: terminate
Front: terminate
[ˈtɜ:mɪneɪt] (研六托雅宝 7189/5291 -2)
Vocabulary: terminate
(once / 235 pages)
v
To terminate something is to bring it to an end. Period. Full stop.
In ancient Rome, Terminus was the God of landmarks, boundaries, and endings. That’s why his annual party took place at the end of the year. You can imagine the guests walking around in their togas, going, “This party is so great, I wish it would never terminate.” Nowadays, terminate can be used to refer to bringing anything to an end — including one's job or a product line: "When the Weird Food Company announces plans to terminate production of its deep-fried chocolate-covered pickle line, it will be a sad day for lovers of strange snacks."
WORD FAMILY
terminate: terminable, terminated, terminates, terminating, termination, terminative+/ interminable: interminably/terminable: interminable / terminal: subterminal, terminally, terminals/ termination: terminations/terminative: terminatively/ terminus: terminal, terminate, termini, terminuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Is a violent ex-boyfriend reason enough to terminate a lease early?
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
One of these protections allows a survivor to terminate a lease before it ends.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“Every time she started toddling toward me, the person watching would say, ‘If she touches you, this visit is terminated.’
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Back: vt. & vi. 结束; 使终结; 解雇; 到达终点站
adj. 结束的
时态：terminated, terminating, terminates
分布：终止(86%)，结束(12%)，满期(1%)，达到终点(1%)
→termin-,边界，终端，-ate,使。引申词义结束，终止，杀死。
终结,结束(termin+ate→定出界限→终结)[termin=limit,表示"界限"]
vi.(使)结束,(使)停止The thermal therapy terminated after the terminal germ seminar.热疗在期末细菌研讨会后终止了.
US ['tɝ:-] formal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause something to) end or stop （使…）结束，停止，终止
• They terminated my contract in October. 他们在十月终止了我的合约。
• This train will terminate at the next stop - passengers who wish to continue should change trains. 下一站就是本次列车的终点，想继续行程的乘客请换车。
UK ['tɜ:.mɪ.neɪt] US ['tɝ:-] formal
verb intransitive or transitive specialized
■to end a pregnancy intentionally, usually by a medical operation 终止妊娠，人工流产
conclude, finish, accomplish, terminate, complete, end, close
这组词都有“结束，完成”的意思，其区别是：
conclude: 正式用词，多指以某事或活动达到预期目的而告终。
finish: 与complete基本同义，着重圆满地结束或完成已着手的事。
accomplish: 正式用词，强调一个过程的完成；也可指依靠努力达到一定目的，或取得一定的结果。
terminate: 强调有一个空间和时间的限度，届时必须终止。书面语用词。
complete: 侧重指完成预定的任务或使某事完善，补足缺少的部分等。
end: 最普通用词，着重事情的完成。也指某种活动因达到目的而自然结束或由于某种原因而突然中止。
close: 普通用词，着重行为的终止或结束，不强调其目的。
vt. 使终止；使结束；解雇
 - fulfill, drop, kill
vi. 结束，终止；结果
 - result, drop, determine, pass, set
adj. 结束的
 - ended, closing, over, past, concluding

Word: touchy
Front: touchy
[ˈtʌtʃi] (托雅宝 16171/19964)
Vocabulary: touchy
(once / 4971 pages)
adj
Things that are touchy are hard to handle — not literally, but to talk about. Touchy subjects make people upset.
There are a lot of touchy topics in life. Religion is a big one, since people have such different yet strong beliefs. Racism and sexism are touchy. Politics can be touchy. Asking someone how old they are or what they weigh are very touchy questions. Something is touchy is you need to handle it with kid gloves — or maybe avoid the topic altogether. People often use euphemisms — soft, evasive terms — for touchy subjects, to make discussing them easier.
WORD FAMILY
touchy: touchier, touchiest, touchily, touchiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“So far, we think it’s adequate,” she said, adding that the idea of any limit on cash payments in Switzerland became “quite a touchy subject.”
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
But be warned, Mr. Uh is a bit touchy about large groups.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Treatment of tuberculosis is politically touchier, because it often arrives in the United States with immigrants, whom Mr. Trump is famously hostile to.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 易动气的; 小心眼的; 需要小心对待的; 棘手的
adv. 易动气地，过分敏感地，小心眼地
n. 易动气，过分敏感
级别：touchier, touchiest
分布：敏感的(63%)，易怒的(26%)，难以取悦的(11%)
【记】touch（n /v 触摸），y：一摸你就发脾气－易发脾气的
【参】touching（adj 动人的；令人同情的）触摸人心的touchstone（n 试金石；标准）
adjective
■easily offended or upset 易怒的；容易生气的
• You have to be careful what you say to Kevin - he's rather touchy. 你跟凯文说话时得小心些——他很容易生气。
• She's very touchy about the fact that her husband has been married before. 她对丈夫以前结过婚一事很敏感。
■needing to be dealt with carefully 需要小心对待的；棘手的；敏感的
• This is a touchy subject/issue/point , so we'd better avoid it. 这是个棘手的话题／问题，我们最好回避。
adj. 过敏的；易生气的；难以取悦的
 - irritable, hypersusceptible

Word: unfriendly
Front: unfriendly
[ʌnˈfrendli] (14993/13789 -K1)
Back: adj. 不友好的，有敌意的; 冷漠的; 不利的; （气候）不宜人的
分布：不友好的(86%)，不利的(14%)
adjective
 IMPROVER
■showing dislike and no sympathy; not friendly 不友好的；有敌意的；冷漠的
adj. 不友好的；不利的
 - adverse, against

Word: trustworthy
Front: trustworthy
[ˈtrʌstwɜ:ði] (托雅宝 13072/14363 -1)
Vocabulary: trustworthy
(once / 1031 pages)
adj
Trustworthy describes something you can believe in — it's completely reliable. Your favorite newspaper can be trustworthy — they always print the truth — and people can be trustworthy too. You only tell your secrets to a trustworthy friend.
Breaking apart the word trustworthy gives you a clue to its meaning. It combines the common word trust, which describes something you can rely on, and the word worthy, which describes something that deserves respect. So something — or someone — that's trustworthy deserves your trust. In an election, you'll likely vote for the most trustworthy candidate because you believe she'll keep her promises. If you're trustworthy, that means you're reliable: you do what you say you're going to do.
WORD FAMILY
trustworthy: trustworthily, trustworthiness, untrustworthy+/untrustworthy: untrustworthiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
I and others were struck by Bush’s praise for the Russian leader as “trustworthy.”
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Abe met with Trump in New York in November and called him a "trustworthy leader."
Reuters(Dec 27, 2016)
A 2015 survey of trust in Mexican institutions ranked the army third most trustworthy, trailing only universities and the Catholic church.
The Guardian(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 值得信赖的，可靠的; 把稳; 妥靠; 信实
分布：可信赖的(100%)
→trust,信任，-worthy,值得的。
US [-ˌwɝ:-] adjective
■able to be trusted 值得信任的；可信的；可靠的
adj. 可靠的；可信赖的
 - reliable, responsible, tried, honest, sure

Word: toxin
Front: toxin
[ˈtɒksɪn] (宝 8565/10698 -1)
Vocabulary: toxin
(once / 5151 pages)
n
A toxin is an organic poison — it’s made by plants and animals. Toxins make people sick. If your appendix bursts, toxins are released into your blood stream. Also breathing in a toxin like ricin will make you very ill.
Toxins are naturally occurring poisons. There are the toxins your body creates and some that animals and plants excrete. Some are harmful — getting stung by a stingray can kill you because its toxin is powerful. Toxin is the noun form of toxic. The most dangerous kind of toxin is the botulinus toxin, which is the kind found in the bacteria of spoiled food and is used to make Botox. Another dangerous toxin, ricin, is made from castor beans.
WORD FAMILY
toxin: antitoxin, toxins+/antitoxin: antitoxins
USAGE EXAMPLES
On the southern coast, Long Beach and Twin Harbors won’t be open until marine toxin levels decrease.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
On southern coast, Long Beach and Twin Harbors won’t be open until marine toxin levels decrease.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Detoxification, or “detox” diets, claim to eliminate toxins from the body in order to promote health and weight loss.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 毒素; 毒质
分布：毒素(98%)，毒质(2%)
→toxic,有毒的，-in,化学名词后缀。
毒素(tox+in)[tox=poison表示"毒"]
【记】tox毒，in里面：里面的毒－毒素
US ['tɑ:k-] noun countable
■a poisonous substance, especially one which is produced by bacteria and which causes disease （尤指致病细菌产生的）毒素

Word: waterloo

Word: astound
Front: astound
[əˈstaʊnd] (托雅宝 12802/18466)
Vocabulary: astound
(once / 720 pages)
v
Astound means to amaze. Savants, or those with extreme brain abnormalities, can astound people by their ability to play Beethoven sonatas on the piano after having heard them only once.
Astound has its roots in the verb astonish, originally meaning to stun, and the idea of surprise remains wrapped up in the word. Things like over-the-top fireworks, believable magicians, and the miracle of life tend to astound. But if you lick all your favorite cookies to keep anyone else from taking them––your rudeness could astound as well.
WORD FAMILY
astound: astounded, astounding, astounds+/astounded: astoundedly/ astounding: astoundingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Suddenly, he said something personal about himself that astounded me.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“We’ve lost governorships and state legislatures at a rate that is pretty astounding.”
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Carsten Kammlott celebrates in jubilation, astounded at what he’s just done, after impeccably meeting a cross from the right flank.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 使震惊，使大吃一惊
时态：astounded, astounding, astounds
分布：使惊骇(80%)，使大吃一惊(20%)
→as来自前缀ex- 变体，此处表强调。词根ton, 雷，拟声词，同thunder. 指如被雷击。缀生字母d, 同sound.
【记】a一个，stound＝sound声。大叫一声－使震惊
verb transitive
■to surprise or shock someone very much 使震惊；使惊骇
• The news astounded me. 听到这个消息，我非常震惊。
stun, astound, astonish, surprise, amaze, startle
这组词都有“使惊愕，使惊讶，使惊奇”的意思，其区别是：
stun: 语气最强，指极度惊讶而目瞪口呆，不知所措。
astound: 语气强，指由于事情令人难以置信或实在罕见而使人感到震惊。
astonish: 语气较强，指出乎预料，意外发生，但又无法解释而感到惊奇。
surprise: 普通用词，多指因未预料或意外的事而引起的惊奇之感。
amaze: 语气较强，指因认为不可能或极少可能发生情况的出现而感到惊讶或迷惑不解。
startle: 指因突然的惊吓或意料不到的刺激等而使人惊跳或震惊。
vt. 使惊骇；使震惊
 - shock, appall

Word: accomplice
Front: accomplice
[əˈkʌmplɪs] (托宝 12704/11918 -1)
Vocabulary: accomplice
(once / 1128 pages)
n
An accomplice is a cooperator or participator, commonly in criminal acts. So you’re an accomplice to the gas station robbery if you distracted the store manager while your partner in crime raided the registers for cash.
Coming from the Old French word complice, which means “a confederate,” an accomplice is an ally or partaker, sometimes in wrongdoing. Novelist Saul Bellow famously said that "when we ask for advice, we are usually looking for an accomplice.” What he means, in more direct terms, is that we run potential plans by others because we're looking for approval or someone to go along with us, not because we truly want their opinion.
WORD FAMILY
accomplice: accomplices
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said police are still looking for his alleged accomplice, Sara Castro-Martin, in a Dec. 6 burglary and arson at a Sparks hotel-casino.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Or was he a gullible, perhaps criminal accomplice to patients who were conning him to feed an addiction or resell their prescriptions?
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Her brother, seen as an accomplice, was the victim of two violent attacks by unknown assailants.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 共犯; 帮凶
分布：同谋(40%)，共犯(34%)，帮凶(26%)
→前缀ac-同ad-. 词根ply, 卷进，见apply,申请（成为一份子）。-ice, 名词后缀，此处字母y变为i.
同谋(ac+com共同+plice→共同重叠在一起[做事]→同谋)[plic,pli,ply=fold,表示"重叠,折叠"]
【参】duplicity（n 口是心非）；complicated（adj 复杂的）
【记】com共同，plice＝place－有共同的地方。设想那些劫银行的、炸帝国大厦的同谋者、帮凶是不是会先在一个僻静的小屋里谋划一下时间、地点之类的。
US [-'kɑ:m-] noun countable
■a person who helps someone else to commit a crime or to do something morally wrong 共犯，同谋，帮凶
n. 同谋者， [法] 共犯
 - complice, co-conspirator

Word: annoyance
Front: annoyance
[əˈnɔɪəns] (10526/8811 -1)
Back: n. 恼怒，烦恼; 使人烦恼的事，令人讨厌的人或事
分布：烦恼(86%)，生气(12%)，令人讨厌的人或事情(2%)
noun
 ADVANCED uncountable
■the feeling or state of being annoyed 烦恼，生气
• I can understand your annoyance - I'd be furious if she ever treated me like that. 我能理解你为甚么生气——她要是那样对我，我也会发火的。
• (Much) to our annoyance, (= We were very annoyed that) we couldn't see anything from the back row of the theatre. 让我们（特别）气恼的是，坐在剧院的后排，我们甚么也看不见。
countable
■something that makes you annoyed 令人烦恼不快的事
• One of the greatest annoyances was being bitten by mosquitoes every night. 最让人不堪其扰的是，每天晚上都要挨蚊子叮咬。
n. 烦恼；可厌之事；打扰
 - worry, trouble

Word: dignitary
Front: dignitary
[ˈdɪgnɪtəri] (宝 13805/14739 -1)
Vocabulary: dignitary
(once / 1804 pages)
n
A dignitary is a very important person (VIP), usually from another country. Major dignitaries from other countries might get to meet the President when they visit the U.S.
If you see the word dignity in dignitary, it gives you a clue to its meaning. When we treat people with dignity, we're treating them with respect. Dignitaries get a lot of respect, because they're important and powerful people in their country — heads of state, ambassadors, and royalty are all dignitaries. It's not easy to become a dignitary: you'd better either be born into the right family or become a powerful person in some other way.
WORD FAMILY
dignitary: dignitaries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Trains rolled ceremonially Saturday night, while dignitaries toasted underground.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
On Sunday afternoons, it was frequently filled with professors, neighbors, visiting dignitaries and friends from around the world.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Former President Bill Clinton was among the dignitaries at his funeral.
Reuters(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 高僧; 高官; 显要人物
adj. 高官的; 权贵的
分布：高官(74%)，高贵的人(13%)，地位尊贵的(13%)
→来自dignity, 高贵。引申义达官贵人。
高贵之人(dign+itary表示总称人→高贵之人)[dign=worthy,noble,表示"值得,高贵"]
US [-nə.ter-] noun countable
■a person who has an important position in a society 要人，显要人物，要员
• Several foreign dignitaries attended the ceremony. 几位外国要人出席了那个仪式。
n. 高官；高僧；显要人物
 - vizir, magnifico
adj. 高位的；地位尊荣的
 - high order

Word: benefactor
Front: benefactor
[ˈbenɪfæktə(r)] (托宝 13649/11610 -1)
Vocabulary: benefactor
(once / 963 pages)
n
Every school, museum, and struggling artist is in search for a generous benefactor, or someone to provide the financial means to keep everything running smoothly.
The Latin roots of benefactor are bene, which means "well," and facere, which means "to do" — literally, "to do well." A benefactor does well by supporting (usually financially) a person or a good cause. In the old days, a struggling artist or actor might have been supported by a wealthy benefactor. Now, many struggling artists and actors have to rely on waiting tables and other odd jobs instead.
WORD FAMILY
benefactor: benefactors
USAGE EXAMPLES
The benefactor, who asked to remain anonymous, mentioned being influenced by Pacini-Hauch.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The Ahmeds were so frugal that their benefactors sometimes worried whether they were buying enough to eat.
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
After Trump secured the Republican nomination, McMahon became one of his most generous benefactors.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 捐助者; 施主; 恩人
分布：恩人(66%)，捐助者(31%)，赠送者(3%)
捐助者;恩人(bene好+fact+or→做好事的人)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
【记】bene好，fact做－做好事的人－捐助者
US [-tˌɚ] (female also benefactress)
noun countable
■someone who gives money to help an organization, society or person 捐助人，赞助人
n. 恩人；捐助者；施主
 - contributor, doner

Word: byword
Front: byword
[ˈbaɪwɜ:d] (托 33651/32711)
Vocabulary: byword
(once / 9170 pages)
n
A byword is an adage or a catchphrase — it's a motto that captures some important principle or meaningful idea. Your family's byword might be "Be kind whenever possible. It is always possible."
Like a proverb or an aphorism, a byword condenses an idea that resonates with many people into a short, memorable phrase. If you grandmother is famous for saying, "You catch more flies with honey than with vinegar," you can describe the saying as her favorite byword. In Old English, the word was biword, "proverb," or "household word," a translation of the Latin proverbium.
WORD FAMILY
byword: bywords
USAGE EXAMPLES
Among economists, Japan is a byword, a punch line, a horror story.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
The setting is Levittown, that Long Island suburb that became a byword for cookie-cutter uniformity.
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
LA has used such injunctions since the late 1980s when the city became a byword for drive-by shootings.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 格言; 谚语; 笑柄; 代名词
分布：代名词(48%)，谚语(21%)，俗语(16%)，笑柄(15%)
US [-wɝ:d] noun countable
■a person or thing that is very closely connected with a particular quality （具某种特点的）代表人，代表事物；代名词
• Their shops are a byword for good value. 他们的商店是物美价廉的代名词。
n. 谚语，俗语；格言；笑柄
 - saying, joke, saw, proverb

Word: dilapidated
Front: dilapidated
[dɪˈlæpɪdeɪtɪd] (雅宝 13887/14551 -1)
Vocabulary: dilapidated
(once / 1936 pages)
adj
Falling down and in total disrepair, something that's dilapidated is going to need a lot of fixing up.
Sure, there might be crooked floorboards, mice scurrying underfoot, and pieces missing from the ceiling, but that dilapidated house does come with one perk: a cheaper price tag! Dilapidated is a word that implies deterioration, often because of neglect. So if you don’t take care of things, they can become dilapidated. That goes for houses, tree forts, relationships, health — you name it!
WORD FAMILY
dilapidate: dilapidated, dilapidates, dilapidating, dilapidation+/dilapidation: dilapidations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sewing companies cluster in several dilapidated neighborhoods around downtown Los Angeles.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
With no first and last months’ rent to get an apartment, he lived in a dilapidated motel.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
The city hopes to replace cramped and dilapidated facilities with quarters that would support three fire boats and one fire engine.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 残破的，失修的; 荒废的，衰败的; 破旧; 颓
分布：破旧的(69%)，荒废的(19%)，快要倒塌的(8%)，动词dilapidate的过去式和过去分词.(4%)
→di-, 分开，散开，来自dis-变体。-lapis, 石头，词源同lapidary, lapis lazuli. 即石头散开，引申义破败的，破旧的。
倒塌的,破旧的(di坏+lapid+ate+ed→[砌墙]石头坏拉→倒塌,来源于动词di-lapidate)[lapid=stone,表示"石头"]
【记】di二，lapid石头－将房子的石头分成两半－残垣断壁的要记住词根lapid读：赖皮的－跟石头玩赌博游戏才会是赖皮的
【参】lapidary（n 宝石商；adj 石头的）；dilapidation（n 荒废；破损）
【反】restored（adj 被修复的）；still in use（还在使用）
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■describes something old and in poor condition 年久失修的，破败的，破旧的
• The hotel we stayed in was really dilapidated. 我们住的那家饭店真是破败不堪。
• a dilapidated old car/shed 破旧的汽车／棚屋
adj. 荒废的，要塌似的；破坏的
 - destructive, obsolescent

Word: eligibility
Front: eligibility
[ˌelɪdʒə'bɪlətɪ] (8386/12769)
Vocabulary: eligibility
(once / 5623 pages)
n
If you're qualified for something or allowed to take part in it, you have eligibility. Having a valid driver's license means you have the eligibility to drive a car.
The noun eligibility is good for describing the state of being qualified for or worthy of something. You might have the eligibility to take an upper level computer class, but not have the eligibility to take advanced Arabic, for example. Eligibility comes from the adjective eligible, which comes from the Middle French, meaning "fit to be chosen." The Latin root word is eligere, "choose."
WORD FAMILY
eligibility: eligibilities+/ eligible: eligibility, eligibly, ineligible /ineligibility: ineligibilities/ ineligible: ineligibility
USAGE EXAMPLES
Smart also must replace three starting offensive linemen, but defensive back Maurice Smith was the only starter on defense to complete his eligibility.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
It also allowed states to expand Medicaid eligibility, with the federal government paying most of the cost for new beneficiaries.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The process to determine eligibility for state job assistance, for example, is lengthy and complex.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 适任，合格; 被选举资格
分布：合格(78%)，有资格(22%)
ADJ-GRADED
有资格的;符合条件的;有能力的
Someone who is eligible to do something is qualified or able to do it, for example because they are old enough.
例：Almost half the population are eligible to vote in today's election...大约有一半人有资格参加今天的选举投票。
例：You could be eligible for a university scholarship.你也许有资格获得大学奖学金。
ADJ-GRADED
（作为结婚对象）合适的，中意的
An eligible man or woman is not yet married and is thought by many people to be a suitable partner.
例：He's the most eligible bachelor in Japan.他是日本最为抢手的单身汉。
n. 适任，合格；被选举资格
 - eligible for, qualitication

Word: dissolution
Front: dissolution
[ˌdɪsəˈlu:ʃn] (12023/6684)
Vocabulary: dissolution
(once / 977 pages)
1n 2n 3n
The dissolution of a relationship means that it's broken up or ended. The dissolution of your band means you better get started on your solo album.
Dissolution comes from the Latin word dissolutio, meaning "a dissolving of something." Dissolution looks very similar to "dissolve," so to help you remember the meaning, think about what happens if you put paper in water — it breaks apart. A dissolution of a marriage is the same thing as divorce. Although it sounds like disillusion, if you try to use them interchangeably, your logic will fall apart.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
disillusion / dissolution
To disillusion someone is to rid her of an illusion, like lifting up the curtain to show that the wizard is just a man. Dissolution, on the other hand, is when everything falls apart. Both are disappointing.
The verb disillusion needs an object, as in you have to disillusion someone. Toto accidently disillusions Dorothy of her belief in the magical wizard. (The word is more common as an adjective, as in poor disillusioned Dorothy.) It's also a noun, when it's a feeling of disillusion, a loss of enchantment. Here are two examples:
He has raised expectations so high that whatever he does as PM is bound to disillusion some.  (Ottawa Sun)
My disillusion was growing and I was relieved when they laid me off with a generous severance. (New Internationalist Magazine)
Dissolution, always a noun, is like disintegration. There could be the dissolution of a marriage, band, political party — and if you're Edgar Allan Poe — human body. In "Masque of the Red Death," Poe describes the symptoms of the Red Death: "There were sharp pains, and sudden dizziness, and then profuse bleeding at the pores, with dissolution." Yikes. Most examples of dissolution aren't as exciting:
The singer's wife had filed for dissolution of marriage in September last year, according to San Diego Superior Court documents. (BBC)
Until its dissolution in January 1994, the Christian Democratic Party dominated, furnishing all but three postwar prime ministers. (New York Times)
Although the words sound alike, the difference is after the "dis" (meaning "not"): disillusion is not an illusion, and dissolution is not a solid solution, it breaks up like paper in water.
WORD FAMILY
dissolution: dissolutions+/ dissolve: dissolution, dissolvable, dissolved, dissolvent, dissolver, dissolves, dissolving/dissolved: undissolved/dissolvent: dissolvents/dissolver: dissolvers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cook County court records show that Jesse Jackson Jr. filed a petition for dissolution of marriage Monday citing “irreconcilable differences.”
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
The protests led to the dissolution of the SDP government.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 11, 2016)
With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Mr. Castro faced one of his biggest challenges: surviving without huge Communist subsidies.
New York Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 溶解，融化; （社团等）解散; <律> 离婚; 腐朽，崩溃
分布：溶解(56%)，解散(29%)，解体(11%)，瓦解(3%)，破裂(1%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。-solut, 松开，词源同solve. 即松散开，引申词义四分五裂，解体，解除。
溶解;毁灭(dis+solut+ion)[Solv,solu,solut=loosen,表示"松开"]
noun uncountable
■the act or process of ending an official organization or legal agreement （官方组织的）解散；（法律合约的）解除
• the dissolution of parliament 议会的解散
n. 分解， [化学] 溶解；（议会等的）解散；（契约等的）解除；死亡
 - analysis, solution, death, decomposition, end

Word: gimmick
Front: gimmick
[ˈgɪmɪk] (宝 12796/18498 -1)
Vocabulary: gimmick
(once / 6567 pages)
1n 2n
A gimmick is a trick intended to attract attention. If you lure crowds to your bake sale by having cute football players handing out samples in front of your booth, that’s a gimmick.
A gimmick is often used by businesses to sell a product. As a sales gimmick, your local bank might offer free microwave ovens to people who open new savings accounts. A TV show may air a live episode as a gimmick to get people to watch the show. The word sometimes has a slightly negative connotation — there’s often some flashy trickery involved in a gimmick and it doesn’t always add value to what’s being sold.
WORD FAMILY
gimmick: gimmicks
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It was a gimmick team,” Foster said, perhaps still charged up from the late-game fracas.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
It is unfussy in a country whose metropolitan food culture increasingly involves infantile gimmicks: dishes served on bricks, in jam-jars and the like.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Letterman’s gimmick here was contrast: A glamorous woman with a beguiling accent pounding In-N-Out burgers as a dweeby comic peppered her with innuendo.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 花招，诡计; 骗人的玩意; 暗机关; <俚>产品广告噱头
v. 使暗机关; 搞骗人的玩意; 在…上暗设机关
分布：噱头(48%)，花招(31%)，暗机关(13%)，用暗机关改变或影响(4%)，小发明(4%)
→来自gimcrack的拼写变体，花里胡哨的，花招，把戏。
【记】原指：秘密地和欺骗地控制赌博器具的机械装置源于口语：gimme＝give me或give it to me；商家的吸引人的小花招目的就是give你的money to me。
['gɪm.ɪk] mainly disapproving
noun countable
■something which is not serious or of real value that is used to attract people's attention or interest temporarily, especially to make them buy something （尤指为诱人购买而搞的）花招，把戏；（诱人购买的）华而不实的东西，金玉其外的东西
• a publicity gimmick 广告宣传花招
• They give away free gifts with children's meals as a sales/marketing gimmick. 他们给儿童套餐搭配免费礼品作为促销／ 行销伎俩。

Word: instrumental
Front: instrumental
[ˌɪnstrəˈmentl] (研六托雅宝 5653/6161 -1)
Vocabulary: instrumental
(once / 1044 pages)
adj
Instrumental music involves just instruments — no singing. But you could also say that the conductor is instrumental to — or a critical part of — an orchestra's success.
If you like instrumental music, you dislike vocals. An instrumental song is one without a singer, and there can be instrumental passages of any song, where the band just plays and the singer is quiet. But this word also means something like useful. You could say that Martin Luther King was an instrumental part of the civil rights movement because he was such an important part of it.
WORD FAMILY
instrumental: instrumentalism, instrumentality, instrumentally+/ instrument: instrumental, instrumentalist, instrumentation, instrumented, instruments/instrumentalist: instrumentalists/instrumentality: instrumentalities/instrumentation: instrumentations
USAGE EXAMPLES
How instrumental was he in your musical education?
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
It was considered instrumental in Russian manoeuvres to annex Crimea in 2014 and subsequent interference in eastern Ukraine.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Cutler’s return from a sprained right thumb was just as instrumental as Howard in the first game against Minnesota.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 乐器的; 仪器的; 有帮助的; 起作用的
分布：仪器的(30%)，有帮助的(26%)，器乐曲(23%)，乐器的(18%)，可做为手段的(3%)
→来自instrument,工具，仪器。引申词义起重要作用的。
有帮助的;工具的(instrument工具+al)[struct=build,表示"建立"]
a.仪器的;器械的;乐器的;起作用的;有帮助的His father was instrumental in getting him the job.他找到这份工作,得力于父亲的帮助.
【记】instrument（n 工具；仪器；手段），al－用乐器演奏的
US [-tˌəl] adjective
INFLUENCE 作用
[after verb] formal
■If someone or something is instrumental in a process, plan or system, they are one of the most important influences in causing it to happen 起作用的；有帮助的
• She was instrumental in bringing about the prison reform act. 监狱改革条例得以出台多亏她大力促成。
UK [ˌɪn.strə'men.təl] US [-tˌəl] adjective
MUSIC 音乐
■involving only musical instruments, and no singing 用乐器演奏的，器乐的
• instrumental music 器乐
• an instrumental piece/arrangement 器乐曲／器乐编曲
UK [ˌɪn.strə'men.təl] US [-tˌəl] noun countable
■a piece of music without singing 器乐曲
institutional, instrumental, universal, fundamental
institutional: 制度上的，公共机构的
instrumental: 起作用的，有助于
universal: 全体的，普及的，大众的
fundamental: 基础的，根本的，必要的
adj. 乐器的；有帮助的；仪器的，器械的
 - helpful, useful, assistant

Word: gallop
Front: gallop
[ˈgæləp] (研宝 12092/10110 -1)
Vocabulary: gallop
(once / 290 pages)
nv
A gallop is a horse's fastest gait, a full-on run. A loud noise might cause a trotting horse to panic and break into a gallop.
Any four-legged animal can run at a gallop, although the word most often describes horses and ponies. To run this way is also to gallop: "I watched the horses gallop around the track." You can even use the word to emphasize a person's fast and heavy gait: "My little brother has to gallop around the house a few times before he'll go to bed."
WORD FAMILY
gallop: galloped, galloping, gallopped, gallopping, gallops
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s obvious in the galloping swiftness of her feet and her apparent ease in keeping up with her two supremely accomplished colleagues.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Venezuela faces a severe economic crisis that includes galloping inflation and shortages of food, medicine and other goods.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The man died after stepping into the path of a galloping horse during a race in honour of the girl's 15th birthday.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. （马等）疾驰，飞奔; （比喻）飞快
vt. & vi. （使马）飞驰; 飞速传递
vi. 快速做[说]某事
时态：galloped, galloping, gallops
分布：疾驰(44%)，飞奔(35%)，飞驰(16%)，急速进行(5%)
→来自wallop的拼写变体，即well leap.
v./n.奔驰,飞奔He galloped across the field.他骑马飞驰穿过原野.
【记】马在gallop后需要一gallon的水elope（vi 私奔；出走）出去就落魄；lope（v /n 大步慢跑）
verb
intransitive or transitive
■(of a horse) to run fast so that all four feet come off the ground together in each act of forward movement, or (of a person) to ride a horse that is running in this way （马）飞跑，疾驰；（人）骑马奔驰
• We galloped through the woods. 我们骑马从林中飞驰而过。
Compare canter ; trot
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition informal
■to move or act quickly 急速移动；快速行动
• It is the height of folly and a tragic waste to gallop into war. 仓促发动战争是极其愚蠢的行为，是一种可悲的浪费。
['gæl.əp] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  gallop through sth informal
■to perform, read or do something very quickly and without enough care 匆匆地做；草草地读；走马观花地看
• They often gallop through 10 news items in 20 minutes. 他们经常在20分钟内匆匆播完十条新闻。
['gæl.əp] noun only singular
RUN 跑
■the fast run or speed of a horse when it is galloping, or an act of galloping （马）奔驰
• At the sound of gunfire the horse suddenly broke into a gallop. 枪声一响，那匹马突然飞奔起来。
['gæl.əp] noun only singular
SPEED 速度
■a fast speed 高速度
• We had to complete the work at a gallop (= very quickly). 我们不得不快马加鞭将工作赶完。
n. 疾驰；飞奔
 - spin, dead run
vi. 飞驰；急速进行；急急忙忙地说
 - rocket, hell

Word: litany
Front: litany
[ˈlɪtəni] (12158/18609 -1)
Vocabulary: litany
(once / 6933 pages)
n
If you've got a whole slew of complaints to get off your chest or requests to make, you've got yourself a litany — a long, drawn-out list.
From Greek origins meaning "entreaty" or "supplication," litany often refers to certain long responsive petitions offered to God, particularly by practitioners of the Christian faith. For some reason, litany is usually used in reference to negative things — such as a litany of complaints or a litany of injuries.
WORD FAMILY
litany: litanies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Insomnia is also proved to cause a litany of problems, such as deadly motor vehicle accidents, heart disease and difficulty in concentrating.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In Europe the Islamist threat, the problem of Muslim integration and the return of blood-and-soil nationalism top the litany of Western gloom.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
The annual litany at our Christmas Eve table:
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 连祷; [宗]启应祷文; （英国国教公祷书中的）连祷文; 冗长而枯燥的陈述
分布：连祷(67%)，连续(22%)，冗长的陈述(11%)
→来自拉丁语litania,来自希腊语lite,祈祷，恳求。引申词义连祷文。
noun countable
■a long Christian prayer in which the priest speaks some parts and the other people at the ceremony speak other parts 连祷文，总祷文
a litany of sth
■a long list of unpleasant things, especially things that are repeated 一连串（反复发生的不愉快的事情）
• The manufacturers are reported to have received a litany of complaints from dissatisfied customers. 据报道，制造商已经收到了顾客一连串不满意的投诉。

Word: lech
Front: lech
[letʃ] (-/27318)
Back: vi. 好色，纵欲
n. 肉欲，好色的人
adj. 好色的
分布：好色(39%)，纵欲(25%)，好色的人(18%)，肉欲(12%)，=letch.(6%)
→词源同lick,舔，引申词义好色。词义演变比较felon,felony.
noun countable informal for
■ lecher
[letʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  lech after sb informal disapproving
■to show too much sexual interest in someone, in an unpleasant way 对某人有色心
• He's always leching after younger women. 他对年轻女人总是色迷迷的。
n. 肉欲；好色的人
 - carnality, fleshliness
adj. 好色的
 - lustful, concupiscent

Word: lucas
Front: lucas
[ˈlu:kəs] (-/9027)
Back: n. 卢卡斯(Luke的异体)(m.)
分布：卢卡斯(姓氏(100%)

Word: prick
Front: prick
[prɪk] (研六宝 13277/11860 -1)
Vocabulary: prick
(once / 688 pages)
1vn 2n 3v
If you pierce your skin with a thorn, needle, or similar sharp object, you prick your skin. The mark it leaves on you is also called a prick.
You can also use prick to describe the sensation of tears welling — your favorite sad movie might make tears prick your eyes. Your conscience can prick you as well, when it makes you feel uncomfortable about something. Prick is also a vulgar term for a man's penis and a way to address someone (usually a man) who is acting like a total ass. It is best not to use these terms in polite company.
WORD FAMILY
prick: pricked, pricker, pricking, pricks+/pricker: prickers/pricking: prickings
USAGE EXAMPLES
She feels like someone has been pricking a voodoo doll made in her image.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
But now the prick of a needle was nothing.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
On the telephone and television, on radio and in the newspapers, each had done his best to prick the ego of the other.
Seattle Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 刺，扎，戳; 刺伤，刺痛
n. 刺，扎; 刺伤，刺痛; 尖形器具
时态：pricked, pricking, pricks
分布：刺(48%)，刺痛(22%)，扎(18%)，竖起(11%)，受责备(1%)
→来自古英语prica,刺，戳，尖点，来自Proto-Germanic*priko,刺，尖点。
n./v.刺伤,刺痛,刺孔The tickler pricked a tick on the nickname Nickel.挠痒者在绰号"镍币"上刺了个勾号.
verb transitive
■to make a very small hole or holes in the surface of something, sometimes in a way which causes pain 刺，戳，扎
• Prick the skin of the potatoes with a fork before baking them. 烤马铃薯前先用叉子在上面扎几个小孔。
• She pricked the balloon with a pin and it burst with a loud bang. 她用别针在气球上扎了一下，气球砰的一声爆掉了。
[prɪk] verb transitive
prick sb's conscience
■to make someone do something because they feel guilty 使（某人）的良心受到谴责
• Dan's mentioning Julia pricked my conscience and I gave her a call. 丹提起茱莉亚，让我感到良心不安，我就打了个电话给她。
[prɪk] verb transitive
prick the bubble (of sth)
■to make someone suddenly understand the unpleasant truth of a situation 戳穿（…的）虚幻泡影
[prɪk] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] prick (sth) up
■When an animal pricks its ears up, or when its ears prick up, it puts its ears up straight because it is listening carefully to a small sound or one that is far away. （动物）竖起（耳朵）听
■If you prick up your ears, or if your ears prick up, you suddenly begin to listen very carefully because you have heard something interesting （人）侧（耳）倾听
• I overheard them mentioning my name and pricked up my ears. 我无意中听到他们提起我的名字后就竖起耳朵仔细听。
[prɪk] noun countable offensive
BODY PART 身体部位
■a penis 阴茎
[prɪk] noun countable offensive
MAN 人
■a stupid man 蠢货，笨蛋，白痴
• I'm not wearing that - I'd look a right prick. 我才不戴那个东西呢——戴着它看起来像个傻瓜似的。
thrust, pierce, penetrate, prick, stab
这组词都有“刺入，穿透”的意思，其区别是：
thrust: 本义是使某物进入或把某物刺进或使之穿透某物，有时侧重穿透、刺入。
pierce: 多指人为地用刀刺、剑等尖锐东西刺穿或刺入某物。
penetrate: 较正式用词，可指用任何工具穿入或穿透，也可指光线、声音等透过物体。
prick: 一般指用针等刺穿。
stab: 主要指利器刺入、刺伤，如用匕首、短刀等。
vt. 刺，戳；刺伤，刺痛；竖起
 - cut, pink
n. 刺，扎；刺痛，刺伤；阴茎；锥
 - smart, thorn
vi. 刺；竖起
 - stick up, run through
adj. 竖起的
 - cocked

Word: minnow
Front: minnow
[ˈmɪnəʊ] (宝 14753/21075)
Back: n. 米诺鱼（鲤科淡水小鱼）; （用作鱼饵的）小鱼，诱饵鱼
分布：鲦鱼(46%)，小淡水鱼(18%)，无足轻重的小公司(18%)，不起眼的小型运动队(18%)
→来自古英语myne,可能来自men,小的，词源同minute,minimum.用于指一种小的淡水鱼，后引申词义不起眼的小公司。minnow 米诺鱼，不起眼的小公司
US [-oʊ] noun countable
FISH 鱼
■a very small fish found in lakes and rivers 米诺鱼；鲦鱼
UK ['mɪn.əʊ] US [-oʊ] noun countable
PERSON/ORGANIZATION 人／机构 literary
■an organization or person that is not important and has little influence or power 微不足道的机构（或人）
n. [鱼] 鲦鱼（一种小淡水鱼）
 - dace, chub

Word: rendition
Front: rendition
[renˈdɪʃn] (托宝 10446/19653 -1)
Vocabulary: rendition
(once / 5155 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A rendition is an interpretation, performance, or translation. Whitney Houston's rendition of the Star Spangled Banner is still used at games today; Roseanne Barr's is not.
This word comes from the Old French rendre, which means “to deliver, yield.” So if you want to put your spin on a song or poem or your favorite movie monologue, go ahead and deliver your rendition of it. But know that in modern times this word has also been used as a noun, describing the secret capture and interrogation of a terror suspect in a foreign country that has less strict human rights laws.
WORD FAMILY
rendition: renditions+/ render: rendered, rendering, renders, rendition / rendering: renderings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Friends fondly recalled him as an expert orchestrator of parties who sometimes entertained guests with his renditions of Scott Joplin rags and Cole Porter standards.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
His fastidious, historically sensitive renditions of Bach’s unaccompanied suites were widely acclaimed.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
He opened the show with this exuberant rendition of “Freedom! ’
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 演奏; 翻译; 给予; 引渡逃奴
分布：演奏(56%)，翻译(30%)，解释(7%)，投降(7%)
→来自 render,表达，表演，-t,过去分词格，-ion,名词后缀。
给予;移交(rend给+dit给+ion_给出_→给予参考;render给予)[don,dit=give,表示"给予"]
给予提供(rend+ition)[rend=givee,表示"给"]
N-COUNT
(剧本、诗歌或音乐作品的)演出，表演，演绎
A rendition of a play, poem, or piece of music is a performance of it.
例：The musicians burst into a rousing rendition of 'Paddy Casey's Reel'.这些音乐家激情演绎了《帕迪·凯西的里尔舞曲》。
n. 译文；演奏；提供；引渡逃奴
 - version, translation, playing, offering

Word: probity
Front: probity
[ˈprəʊbəti] (托宝 28504/21150)
Vocabulary: probity
(once / 4406 pages)
n
Though probity sounds like what you might do with a sharp stick, it actually means being morally and ethically above reproach, having integrity.
If you show fiscal probity, it means you are responsible and ethical with your money. The story of George Washington chopping down the cherry tree and refusing to lie about it is a story of probity. The story was first told by a pastor, who may have made the whole thing up according to today's scholars, possibly to sell books –– no act of probity.
WORD FAMILY
probity: probities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its reputation for probity, competence and independence is in tatters.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
They would — or should — reassure most Americans that his administration is acting with probity.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
It says nothing about his probity or his decency.
Washington Post(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 正直，诚实
分布：廉洁(48%)，正直(33%)，诚实(19%)
→来自probe,试探，检验，-ity,名词后缀。即经得起检验的，引申词义正直，诚实。
正直,刚正(prob+ity→[人]经得起证明和试验→正直)[prob,prov=test表示"测试,证明"]
刚直(prob直、)[-ity表名词,指具备某种性质]
【记】prob＝probe探索，ity性质：人人探索的性质－正直
【参】proboscis（n 鼻子）探索味道的东西
【反】turpitude（n 卑鄙）；unscrupulousness（n 狂妄）；shiftness（n 欺骗）
US ['proʊ.bə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■complete honesty 诚实
• Her probity and integrity are beyond question. 她的诚实和正直是毋庸置疑的。
n. 廉洁；正直
 - integrity, honesty, righteousness

Word: savannah
Front: savannah
[sə'vænə] (23227/23520 -1)
Back: n. （热带和亚热带）无树大草原
分布：=savanna.(100%)
→美国佐治亚州港口城市，可能来自 savanna,稀树草原。
(also savanna) [sə'væn.ə] noun countable or uncountable
■a large flat area of land covered with grass, usually with few trees, which is found in hot countries, especially in Africa （尤指非洲等热带国家的）稀树草原
n. 大草原，热带草原（等于savanna）
 - prairie, steppe

Word: undue
Front: undue
[ˌʌnˈdju:] (雅 12602/8581 -1)
Vocabulary: undue
(once / 823 pages)
1adj 2adj
When something isn't appropriate or justified, you can describe it as undue. For example, an undue delay in a hospital waiting room can be dangerous for someone with a bad injury.
Something that's undue isn't warranted or, often, fair. The phrase "undue delay" is a common one, and it means that someone has to wait way too long for something, whether it's a building permit or a dentist appointment. The adjective has come to mean "excessive," from its original definition in the fourteenth century as literally "not owing" or "not payable."
WORD FAMILY
undue: unduely, unduly +/ due: duely, dues, duly, endue, overdue, subdue, undue / duly: dulys/ endue: endued, endues, enduing/subduable: unsubduable/ subdue: subduable, subdued, subduer, subdues, subduing/ subdued: subduedly, subduedness, unsubdued/subduer: subduers/unsubduable: unsubduably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Three lawsuits currently pending against Trump allege racial profiling, undue force and aggression from the president-elect’s security team.
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
Meanwhile, the university’s accrediting body recently put the school on probation for one year over concerns of “undue political influence.”
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Experts say Schmidt’s use of the term is misleading and lends undue weight to his perspectives.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 过度的，过分的; 不适当的; 未到期的; 逾分
分布：不适当的(64%)，过分的(36%)
→un-, 不，非，due, 合适的。
US [-'du:] formal
adjective [before noun]
■to a level which is more than is necessary, acceptable or reasonable 过分的，过度的
• Such a high increase will impose an undue burden on the local tax payer. 涨幅如此之高会给当地纳税人增加过度负担。
adj. 过度的，过分的；不适当的； [金融] 未到期的
 - excessive, ultra, tall, unreasonable, unhappy

Word: underling
Front: underling
[ˈʌndəlɪŋ] (宝 21288/32936)
Back: n. <贬>下属，走卒
分布：下属(74%)，部下(26%)
→under-, 在下面，-ling，小词后缀。
下属(under+ling小人物→下属)[under-①表示"在…下"②表示"不足,不够"③表示"副手"]
下属(under在下面)[-ling表名词"小东西或某种人"]
【记】under下，ling小－下面的小东西－部下
US [-dɚ.lɪŋ] disapproving
noun countable
■a person of low rank and little authority who works for someone more important 手下，走卒，喽啰，下属
• She surrounded herself with underlings who were too afraid of her to answer back. 她身边围满了噤若寒蝉的下属。
n. 下属，部下；走卒
 - subordinate, inferiority

Word: virulent
Front: virulent
[ˈvɪrələnt] (宝 14512/18950 -1)
Vocabulary: virulent
(once / 2408 pages)
adj
A virulent disease is one that's infectious, spreading, and making lots of people sick, while a virulent rant is just a verbal attack, causing sickness of the emotional kind. Either way, something virulent puts a strain on the people who get it.
Two meanings come out of the roots for virulent: one being "poisonous" and the other, "spiteful." The virus-carrying meaning of virulent often gets combined with strain, such as in a "virulent strain of the flu." Those who aren’t carrying disease but are still considered virulent most likely lash out at others with a biting tone. Unleashing acid-tongued words on someone would be considered a virulent attack.
WORD FAMILY
virulent: virulence, virulency, virulently+/ virulence: virulences
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unlike some of Trump’s other national security advisers, though, Kelly does not appear to be infected with bizarrely virulent anti-Muslim prejudice.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
If you voted for Trump and continue to support him and you think you are better than these bigoted virulent trolls, you’re not.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
In the aftermath of the most virulent U.S. presidential campaign since the Civil War, readers might approach with skepticism a book titled “Against Empathy.”
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 剧毒的，致命的; 恶毒的，憎恨的
分布：有恶意的(46%)，充满敌意的(36%)，有毒的(18%)
→来自virus,毒液，病毒。
【记】viru＝virus（n 病毒），lent－剧毒的
【反】salubrious（adj 有益健康的）
adjective
■describes a dangerous disease or poison which very quickly spreads or has an effect 剧毒的；致命的
• A particularly virulent strain of flu has recently claimed a number of lives in the US. 一场有致命杀伤力的流感最近在美国夺去了数人的生命。
■formal
■full of hate and violent opposition 恶毒的，狠毒的
• She is a virulent critic of US foreign policy. 她是美国外交政策尖刻的批评者。
adj. 剧毒的；恶性的；有恶意的
 - malignant, pernicious

Word: aristocracy
Front: aristocracy
[ˌærɪˈstɒkrəsi] (宝 13722/8817 -1)
Vocabulary: aristocracy
(once / 339 pages)
n
A person who's "born to rule" belongs to the ruling class, or aristocracy, and is "noble" just by being in the family line — whether they have done anything noble or not. In an aristocracy, a princess who doesn’t visit sick children or clear land mines is still a princess.
"Rule of the best" or "by a privileged class" are 16th-century Latin meanings for aristocracy. There are examples of the "best" coming from ordinary society, no matter who their parents are, but often the aristocracy is made up of families who start ruling and keep the power in the family generation after generation. Kings and queens, princes and princesses, and dukes and earls, are all titles within an aristocracy, though some really hard-working and noble outsiders may earn a spot in the aristocracy too.
WORD FAMILY
aristocracy: aristocracies, aristocratic +/ aristocrat: aristocracy, aristocratical, aristocrats/ aristocratic: aristocratically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Which is to say that it was a semi-feudal aristocracy dependent on a steady supply of cheap labor.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Economic conditions for the masses far lagged those of the aristocracy.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Tradescant was an avid plant collector and botanist, a prime example of the English aristocracy’s longstanding fascination with plants.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 贵族; 贵族品质; 贵族统治的国家; 上层社会
分布：贵族(93%)，贵族阶级(7%)
→词根arist-, 最好的，来自词根ar-, 连结，匹配，词源同arm. -ist, 最高级后缀。词根cracy, 统治，管理，词源同democracy,词源同hard, 由硬衍生力量，权力。
N-COUNT-COLL
贵族（阶层）
The aristocracy is a class of people in some countries who have a high social rank and special titles.
例：...a member of the aristocracy.一个贵族成员
n. 贵族；贵族统治；上层社会；贵族政治
 - prince, noble, nobility

Word: aura
Front: aura
[ˈɔ:rə] (托 8108/9899 -1)
Vocabulary: aura
(once / 3021 pages)
1n 2n
You know that intangible glow, that certain magical something that your mom gives off? Get your glasses fixed and you'll see the aura emanating from her head isn't her special powers — just your bad eyes.
You may have heard the noun aura used to describe the atmosphere surrounding something magical, like a fairy, or around a living being, like the calm vibes emanating from a meditating yogi. But did you know that it can refer to the sensation — one of coolness or bright light — that’s experienced before the onset of a seizure or migraine? Aura can also apply to the force that some people believe radiates from living organisms as an indicator of their unique essence.
WORD FAMILY
aura: aurae, auras
USAGE EXAMPLES
That’s not the aura you want for a healthy-greens company.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Bear Bryant is still all-powerful in Alabama, a colossus emanating an aura that is tangible, even posthumously.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Once the aura of the czar was punctured, though, revolution became inevitable.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 气味; 光环; 气氛; [医]（中风等的）预兆
分布：光环(49%)，气氛(23%)，氛围(16%)，气味(12%)
→同air. 来自通灵术语，指人身上所流露出来的一种微妙的东西，类似我们所说的气场。
US ['ɔ:r.ə] noun countable
■a feeling or character that a person or place seems to have 气氛，氛围；气息
• The woods have an aura of mystery. 这片树林透着神秘的气息。
• There's an aura of sadness about him. 他看上去一副悲伤的样子。
■a type of light that some people say they can see around people and animals （一些人声称在人或动物身体周围看到的）光环，光轮
n. 光环；气氛；（中风等的）预兆；气味
 - atmosphere, mood, warning, smell, wind

Word: wheelchair
Front: wheelchair
[ˈwi:ltʃeə(r)] (4598/6598 -2)
Back: n. 轮椅
分布：轮椅(100%)
US [-tʃer] noun countable
■a chair on wheels which people who are unable to walk use for moving around 轮椅
• He spent the last ten years of his life in a wheelchair after a fall which left him paralysed from the waist down. 一次摔倒后，他腰部以下便瘫痪了，从此他在轮椅上渡过了人生的最后十年。
• The building isn't designed very well from the point of view of wheelchair access. 在轮椅通道方面，这幢大楼设计得并不是太好。

Word: daddy
Front: daddy
[ˈdædi] (4848/3359 -2)
Vocabulary: daddy
(once / 541 pages)
n
Daddy is an affectionate nickname for your father. For many babies, daddy is one of the earliest words they learn to speak.
Many young children call their fathers daddy, and the word is believed to come from baby talk, or the initial sounds — da da — that a baby or toddler tends to make when she's first learning to speak. It's less common for a grown person to call her dad daddy, although some people use the childish nickname throughout their lives.
WORD FAMILY
daddy: daddies
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Daddy put Mommy on the floor and wrapped her up like a snowman,” she told Messmore.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
A day after Tiger Woods introduced the world to "Mac Daddy Santa," Andrew "Beef" Johnston put his own twist on the odd Christmas character.
Golf Digest(Dec 23, 2016)
RELATED: Tiger Woods posts interesting photo of himself dressed as "Mac Daddy Santa"
Golf Digest(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 爸爸; 爹; 甜心爸爸（在年轻女子身上乱花钱的阔老头）; 老色鬼
分布：名词(100%)
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a word for 'father', used especially by children 爸爸，爹爹（尤指儿童用语）
• Mummy and Daddy are taking me to the circus on Saturday. 周六爸爸妈妈要带我去看马戏。
n. 爸爸
 - dad, father, pa, da, papa

Word: concoct
Front: concoct
[kənˈkɒkt] (托雅宝 12403/18448 -1)
Vocabulary: concoct
(once / 1793 pages)
v
When you concoct something, you mix up different ingredients. If you want to become a mad scientist or a wizard, you'll have to learn how to concoct strange potions.
If the word concoction makes you think of steaming caldrons or liquids bubbling in test tubes, you’ll be amused to know that it comes from a Latin word for “digestion.” Yum! On summer days, children sometimes concoct imaginative stews from grass, leaves and dirt. They may also concoct lies to explain why they tried feeding such concoctions to their little sister.
WORD FAMILY
concoct: concocted, concocting, concoction, concocts+/ concoction: concoctions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pharmaceutical companies want genetic information to concoct powerful new drugs.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The fictional character was concocted by two employees at the library, complete with a false address and driver’s license number.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In a 1975 interview with The Miami Herald, Mr. Adams recalled the genesis of his first book, as a story he concocted for his daughters.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 调制; 捏造; 图谋，策划
时态：concocted, concocting, concocts
分布：调制(55%)，捏造(45%)
→con-, 强调。-coct, 来自cook的过去分词。即放在一起煎煮的，熬制。
编造,虚构(con全部+coct→全部是调配出来的→编造)[coct=cook,表示"煮,调配"]
【记】con共同，coct＝cook（v 烹调）－调制
【参】concoction（n 调配物；谎言）
US [-'kɑ:kt] verb transitive
■to make something, usually food, by adding several different parts together, often in a way that is original or not planned 调制，配制（通常指食品）
• He concocted the most amazing dish from all sorts of unlikely ingredients. 他用各种不可思议的材料调制出最令人叫绝的菜肴。
■to invent an excuse, explanation or story in order to deceive someone 编造，捏造，虚构（借口、解释或故事）
• He concocted a story about working late at the office. 他编造谎言说他在办公室工作到很晚。
vt. 捏造；混合而制；调合；图谋
 - manufacture, trump up

Word: bombardment
Front: bombardment
[bɒm'bɑ:dmənt] (宝 12491/12022)
Vocabulary: bombardment
(once / 1388 pages)
n
When a lot of bombs fall on a city or area, it is a bombardment. But a bombardment can also mean a pummeling with lots of other things: questions, spit balls, or e-mails.
During the early stages of a war, the capital city of the country under attack may suffer a severe bombardment meant to bring on a quick surrender. If there are many casualties or the citizens of the country are treated brutally by the occupying force, military officials may find themselves under a bombardment of questions and accusations about how the war was handled.
WORD FAMILY
bombardment: bombardments, counterbombardment+/ bombard: bombarded, bombarding, bombardment, bombards/counterbombardment: counterbombardments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bombardments ceased before that time - although some clashes continued - but began again late on Sunday.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
My husband was subjected to a constant bombardment of persuasion.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
In the middle of preparing for the biggest exam of his career, he launched a methodical bombardment on the world of authors.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 炮击，轰炸
分布：轰炸(72%)，炮击(28%)
【记】bomb（n 炸弹）；bombard（vt 炮轰；轰击）
N-VAR
（猛烈而持久的）炮击，轰炸
A bombardment is a strong and continuous attack of gunfire or bombing.
例：The city has been flattened by heavy artillery bombardments...城市已被猛烈的炮火夷为平地。
例：The capital is still under constant bombardment by the rebel forces.首都仍在遭受叛军的持续轰炸。
N-VAR
一连串（想法、要求、质问或批评）
A bombardment of ideas, demands, questions, or criticisms is an aggressive and exhausting stream of them.
例：...the constant bombardment of images urging that work was important.铺天盖地的图片，强调工作是至关重要的
n. [军] 轰炸；炮击
 - cannonade

Word: dogma
Front: dogma
[ˈdɒgmə] (托宝 11758/11866 -1)
Vocabulary: dogma
(once / 551 pages)
n
Dogma means the doctrine of belief in a religion or a political system.
The literal meaning of dogma in ancient Greek was something that seems true. These days, in English, dogma is more absolute. If you believe in a certain religion or philosophy, you believe in its dogma, or core assumptions. If you belong to a cult that believes that cupcake consumption is the only true path, then you follow the cupcake dogma. Dogma, once adopted, is accepted without question. Go eat cupcakes!
WORD FAMILY
dogma: dogmas, dogmata, dogmatic, dogmatical, dogmatise, dogmatism, dogmatize+/ dogmatic: dogmatically, undogmatic/dogmatical: undogmatical/dogmatise: dogmatised, dogmatises, dogmatising/ dogmatism: dogmatisms, dogmatist/dogmatist: dogmatists/dogmatize: dogmatized, dogmatizes, dogmatizing/undogmatic: undogmatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
He clung to his Methodism while criticizing some of its dogma.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The party should understand that the Republican base and conservatives on the ground “are more in line with Trump” than with past dogma.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
The administration’s response to the neoconservative depredations of the past decade was to revert to old dogmas: the dogmas of “realism”.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 教义，教条，信条; 武断的意见
adj. 教义的，教条的，信条的
分布：教条(75%)，教义(18%)，信条(7%)
→来自希腊语dogma,教导，教条，词源同doctor, doctrine.
教条[dogm=opinion(观点)]
【记】dog顽强的狗，顽强的坚持dog的mama－教条
【参】dogmatic（adj 教条的；独断的）＝doctrinal＝dictatorialdogmatism（n 教条主义；武断）
【反】heresy（n 异端邪说）
US ['dɑ:g-] disapproving
noun countable or uncountable
■a fixed, especially religious, belief or set of beliefs that people are expected to accept without any doubts （尤指宗教的）教义，教条，信条
n. 教条，教理；武断的意见
 - credendum

Word: distil
Front: distil
[dɪˈstɪl] (六雅 17042/14338 -1)
Back: vt. 蒸馏; 从…提取精华; 使渗出; 用蒸馏法制造
vi. 蒸馏; 提炼; 渗出
时态：distilled, distilling, distils
分布：蒸馏(88%)，提取 ... 的精华(6%)，=distill(6%)
[dɪ'stɪl] (-ll-)
verb
LIQUID 液体 (ALSO US usually distill) transitive
■to make a liquid stronger or purer by heating it until it changes to a gas and then cooling it so that it changes back into a liquid 蒸馏
• Some strong alcoholic drinks such as whisky are made by distilling. 威士卡等烈酒是用蒸馏法制成的。
[dɪ'stɪl] (-ll-)
verb
INFORMATION 资讯
   transitive usually passive literary
■to get or show only the most important part of something 压缩，浓缩
• Over 80 hours of footage have been distilled into these 40 minutes. 80多个小时的片子被压缩成了40分钟。
vi. 蒸馏；提炼；渗出
 - still, try out
vt. 蒸馏；提取…的精华；使渗出
 - still, fine-still

Word: derelict
Front: derelict
[ˈderəlɪkt] (雅宝 18085/8529 -1)
Vocabulary: derelict
(once / 4124 pages)
nadj
If something has been abandoned, you can call it derelict. Even if a person has abandoned his responsibilities, you can say that he is derelict in his duties. But don't call a lost child derelict — unless, of course, he has neglected his chores.
As an adjective, derelict describes something that is rundown, neglected, or in deplorable condition, but the word can also mean "negligent in duty." The politician was so busy using his office for personal gain that he was derelict in his duty to the people who voted for him; he hadn't been present at a vote in months. As a noun, a derelict means a homeless person.
WORD FAMILY
derelict: derelicts
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the same time, in the age of terrorism, the governor would be derelict in his duty if he shrugged and said, “not my problem.”
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The city centre is scarred by the derelict buildings of a once great industry.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Instead, derelict railway buildings are providing improvised shelter for hundreds of people.
BBC(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 被抛弃的，废弃的; 玩忽职守的
n. 遗弃物; 玩忽职守者
分布：玩忽职守者(33%)，玩忽职守的(31%)，抛弃的(26%)，被遗弃的人或物(10%)
→de-, 向下，离开，-re, 向后，-lict, 留下，遗留，词源同delinquent, leave. 即留在后面的，荒废的。
【记】de使离开，relict＝relinquish放弃－放弃掉
【参】relict（n 寡妇；残余物）；relic（n 遗物，遗迹）；dereliction（n 抛弃物）
【反】extremely careful（极其小心的）；pillar of society（国之栋梁）
adjective
■describes buildings or places that are not cared for and are in bad condition 失修的，破旧的；废弃的
• a derelict site 废弃的工地
• The theatre has been left to stand/lie derelict. 该剧院一直处于废弃状态。
['der.ə.lɪkt] noun countable formal
■a person who has no home or money and often lives outside 无家可归者，流浪汉
adj. 玩忽职守的；无主的；被抛弃了的
 - ownerless, masterless
n. 遗弃物；玩忽职守者；被遗弃的人
 - Ishmael

Word: hazy
Front: hazy
[ˈheɪzi] (托 11578/13800)
Vocabulary: hazy
(once / 1566 pages)
adj
If it's hazy, it's definitely not clear — there's fog, mist, smoke or something like that blurring the view.
Hazy usually describes a sky that's fogged over or otherwise unclear. But if you're feeling a little uncertain or unsure about something, with only a bleary outline in your mind, you could say you're a bit hazy on the details.
WORD FAMILY
hazy: hazier, haziest, hazily, haziness+/ haze: hazed, hazes, hazing, hazy
USAGE EXAMPLES
If the day is hazy, McKim finds every misty color at play in both his foregrounds and vanishing points.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
An album of dream-like sounds — guitars and electronics blur into one — and hazy snapshots.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Only late in the campaign did some names surface; even then their roles were hazy.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 有薄雾的; 模糊的，朦胧的; 不清楚的; 糊涂的
级别：hazier, haziest
分布：朦胧的(60%)，模糊的(40%)
→词源不详，可能来自德语hase,野兔，灰白色的兔子，因野兔在中世纪德国民间神话中通常笼罩着一层神秘色彩，后用于指海上薄雾。进一步来自kas,灰白色，词源同hare.恰好与薄雾的微白色相吻合。
adjective
WEATHER 天气
■describes air or weather that is not clear, especially because of heat 雾蒙蒙的，空气不清晰的（尤指热天）
• hazy sunshine 雾蒙蒙的日光
• the hazy days of summer 雾蒙蒙的夏日
['heɪ.zi] adjective
MEMORY 记忆
■not remembering things clearly （记忆）朦胧的，模糊不清的
• hazy memories of childhood 对童年朦胧的记忆
adj. 朦胧的；模糊的；有薄雾的
 - fuzzy, dark, vague

Word: genesis
Vocabulary: genesis
(once / 6581 pages)
n
When you talk about the genesis of something, you're talking about where it began. The genesis of hip-hop music was the party scene in New York City’s South Bronx in the 1970s.
The Jewish Torah and the Christian Scriptures begin with the book of Genesis, which describes God separating light from darkness and creating the universe. Genesis is the very start of something, its birth. But you probably wouldn't refer to your own birth as a genesis. When you describe something as a genesis, you're usually referring to the beginning of a movement or an idea.
WORD FAMILY
genesis: geneses
USAGE EXAMPLES
In a 1975 interview with The Miami Herald, Mr. Adams recalled the genesis of his first book, as a story he concocted for his daughters.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
There is a recurrent genesis to these various artivist projects: the felt need to do something.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
And that was the genesis of the play the Broncos dubbed “Leaper,” and the start of Simmons’ new hurdling career.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)

Word: fluorescent
Front: fluorescent
[ˌflɔ:ˈresnt] (六托宝 9083/11714 -1)
Vocabulary: fluorescent
(once / 10601 pages)
adjn
A fluorescent bulb gets its light from mercury vapor inside a glass tube. The incandescent bulb — the kind associated with Thomas Edison — has a filament that glows when it's heated.
You can also use fluorescent to describe something that's so vivid and bright it seems to give off light. Fluorescent is related to the word fluorspar, or fluorite, which is a mineral that glows. Notice the -u- in these words. Fluorescent comes from the Latin fluere "to flow" — fluorspar can be added to welding compounds, for instance, to make them flow more easily. Florescent, without a -u-, means "flowering," from Latin flor-, which is a completely different root.
WORD FAMILY
fluorescent: fluorescence, fluorescently, fluorescents+/fluoresce: fluorescent, fluoresces, fluorescing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The bright fluorescent ceiling lights seem to burn into me.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Inside, young women dressed in soft linen and fluorescent lace hijabs sat with men wearing velvet pinstriped blazers and fake leather jackets.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
Nearly every shape of older bulb—from long fluorescent tubes to little flame-shaped candelabra bulbs—is available in an LED version.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 荧光的; 发荧光的; （颜色、材料等）强烈反光的; 发亮的
n. <美口>荧光灯; 日光灯
分布：日光灯(80%)，萤光的(20%)
→来自19世纪英国物理学家George Stokes, 因为他首先在氟中发现这种发光现象而命名，而并非荧光一定来自于氟。-escence, 开始的，词源同adolescent.
【记】fluor（n 荧石），escent开始…的一萤光的fluor源于flour（n 面粉）：人吃了面粉以后就会容光焕发－荧光
【参】fluorometry（n 荧光计）
US [flʊ-] adjective
LIGHT 光的
■Fluorescent lights are very bright, tube-shaped electric lights, often used in offices 萤光的，发烛光的
• fluorescent lighting 烛光照明
UK [flʊə'res.ənt] US [flʊ-] adjective
COLOUR 色彩
■Fluorescent colours are very bright and can be seen in the dark 发亮的，萤光的
• fluorescent green 带萤光的绿色
adj. 荧光的；萤光的；发亮的
 - flourescent, splendent
n. 荧光；日光灯
 - daylight lamp

Word: mast
Front: mast
[mɑ:st] (六宝 11745/8028 -1)
Vocabulary: mast
(once / 425 pages)
1n 2n
A mast is a pole that rises vertically from a ship and supports the sails. Really big sailboats have more than one mast. A mast is also another name for flagpole.
The mast has an important job — to support the sails, which allows the wind to propel the ship. Other types of masts are used to support flags and called flagpoles. If you've ever seen a flag at half-mast, it's been lowered down the flagpole to show respect for someone who died. Mast is an old word meaning “pole or rod.”
WORD FAMILY
mast: foremast, masts+/foremast: foremasts
USAGE EXAMPLES
A replica ship — its three masts missing sails — sat atop electric candles on a wooden altar.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 10, 2016)
A ship replica — its three masts missing sails — sat atop battery-powered candles on the wooden, altar-like installation.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
By the 1970s, the Elvstrom name was stamped on sails, masts and boats around the world.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 桅杆; 栓柱; 橡树果实
vt. 在…上装桅杆
分布：船桅(44%)，旗杆(33%)，天线杆(23%)
→来自古英语maest,来自Proto-Germanic*mastaz,来自mazdo,竿，杆，词源同masturbate.引申词义船桅，桅杆。
US [mæst] noun countable
BOAT 船
■a tall pole on a boat or ship that supports its sails 船桅，桅杆
UK [mɑ:st] US [mæst] noun countable
RADIO/TELEVISION 收音机／电视机
■a tall metal pole used to support an aerial for radio or television signals 天线杆
• a television/radio mast 电视／广播天线杆
UK [mɑ:st] US [mæst] noun countable
FLAG 旗帜
■a pole that holds a flag 旗杆

Word: malnourished
Front: malnourished
[ˌmælˈnʌrɪʃt] (19836/33690)
Vocabulary: malnourished
(once / 52298 pages)
adj
When someone's malnourished, they don't get enough to eat. Beyond simply being hungry, someone who's malnourished doesn't get the nutrients they need to be healthy.
Poor countries and those experiencing drought or war are the most likely to have a high percentage of malnourished citizens. If crops can't grow, or food can't be distributed to people who need it, the result is a malnourished population. A malnourished person suffers from malnutrition. Both words use the mal- prefix, meaning "badly," and the Latin root nutrire, "to feed."
WORD FAMILY
malnourish: malnourished, malnourishing, malnourishment
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her two other children were also badly malnourished.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It's possible, food historian Mosby says, to be both obese and malnourished.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Roughly 20 percent of those under 5 years old are severely malnourished, she said.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 营养失调的，营养不良的
分布：营养不良的(97%)，动词malnourish的过去式和过去分词.(3%)
→mal-,坏的，不良的，nourish,营养。
US [-'nɝ:-] adjective
■weak and in bad health because of having too little food or too little of the types of food necessary for good health 营养不良的
adj. 营养不良的；营养失调的
 - ill-fed, dystrophic

Word: intermittent
Front: intermittent
[ˌɪntəˈmɪtənt] (研六托雅宝 12236/11287 -1)
Vocabulary: intermittent
(once / 1705 pages)
adj
Reach for the adjective intermittent to describe periodic movement and stopping and starting over a period of time.
The adjective intermittent modifies things that work or stop and start at periodic intervals. An interesting use of something intermittent is a metronome, a device that marks off time in music by making a sound in a regular pattern. It provides structure for musicians, especially when there are several instruments all playing different melodies at the same time. Other intermittent things are the windshield wipers on your car and thank goodness for them when it rains!
WORD FAMILY
intermittent: intermittence, intermittency, intermittently +/intermittence: intermittences/intermittency: intermittencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
He refused to let intermittent monsoons derail his appointed rounds.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
This led to more arrests, and then to torture and years of intermittent imprisonment.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
The talks would be distinct from intermittent U.N.-brokered negotiations and not initially involve the United States.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 间歇的; ，断断续续的; 间歇性
分布：断断续续的(52%)，间歇的(48%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，-mit,送走，离开，词源同mission,omit.引申词义空出来的，间歇的，断断续续的。
间歇的(intermit+t+ent)[Miss,mit=send,cast,表示"送,放出"]
a.间歇的,断断续续的The man with mittens intermittently intervened the remittance.戴连指手套的人间歇地介入汇款.
【记】intermit（v 暂停；中断）；inter中间，mit松手－暂停
【反】perpetual（adj 永久的）；constant（adj 不变的；坚决的）
US [-tˌɚ-] adjective
■not happening regularly or continuously; stopping and starting repeatedly or with periods in between 间歇的，断断续续的
• intermittent rain 阵雨
• an intermittent noise 时断时续的噪音
• Although she made intermittent movie appearances, she was essentially a stage actress. 她虽然断断续续地在电影中露面，但基本上还是一个舞台演员。
adj. 间歇的，断断续续的
 - desultory, on-again

Word: oakland
Front: oakland
[ˈəuklənd] (-/28477)
Back: 奥克兰（美国加利福尼亚州西部港市）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: meditation
Front: meditation
[ˌmedɪˈteɪʃn] (研宝 6196/8122)
Vocabulary: meditation
(once / 538 pages)
n
A meditation is an extended period of thought or concentration. If you practice yoga and you often meditate, you know what meditation is. But any time you focus on one thing for a long time, it's an act of meditation.
After you've thought about something for a while, you can write about it, and that writing could be called a meditation, too. Beethoven's Ode to Joy is a meditation on joy. If you're easily upset by things, consider meditation. Slowing down your thought process and concentrating on it for a while can make you feel better. Samurai were known for meditating before going into battle. Meditation gave them focus, and focus gave them power.
WORD FAMILY
meditation: meditations+/ meditate: meditated, meditates, meditating, meditation, meditative, premeditate / meditative: meditatively, meditativeness/ premeditate: premeditated, premeditating, premeditation / premeditated: premeditatedly, unpremeditated/ premeditation: premeditations/unpremeditated: unpremeditatedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
A beautifully illustrated meditation on two of the 19th century’s greatest exponents of textile arts, Mariano Fortuny and William Morris.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Stressed Americans seeking calm through decluttering and meditation might add a third activity: the cocktail hour.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The feature-length videos in the show, including meditations on Patty Hearst, the Manson family and the Weather Underground, are variously gory, tedious, compelling and amateurish.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 默想; 默念; 沉思; 冥想
分布：冥想(79%)，沉思(21%)
→来自meditate,沉思，冥想。
n.熟虑;(尤指宗教的)默想,沉思;(pl.)冥想录He is deep in meditation.他陷入沉思中.
noun
■the act of giving your attention to only one thing, either as a religious activity or as a way of becoming calm and relaxed 沉思，冥想
• prayer and meditation 祈祷与冥想
• She practises meditation. 她时常静坐冥想。
countable or uncountable
■serious thought or study, or the product of this activity 沉思，深思
• Let us spend a few moments in quiet meditation. 让我们花片刻时间静静思考一下。
• I left him deep in meditation. 他陷入了沉思，我没有打扰他。
• The book is a meditation on the morality of art. 这本书探讨了艺术道德。
n. 冥想；沉思，深思
 - reflection, contemplation

Word: proprietor
Front: proprietor
[prəˈpraɪətə(r)] (托 10859/6051 -1)
Vocabulary: proprietor
(once / 308 pages)
n
Someone who owns a business or a property is a proprietor. A bookstore proprietor might wish she became a librarian instead so the books would come back.
The first part of proprietor sounds a lot like "property," and a proprietor is someone with ownership of property. Sometimes a proprietor oversees the business, such as a restaurant proprietor who is also a chef or hostess, and other times a proprietor owns many businesses and has different people running them. A proprietor of a local bakery might make and sell his own donuts, while the proprietor of a chain of donut shops might work from an office managing the people who manage the stores.
WORD FAMILY
proprietor: proprietary, proprietors, proprietorship+/ proprietary: nonproprietary, proprietaries, proprietarily/proprietorship: proprietorships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, some sole proprietors find they can’t handle all the work themselves.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
About 25 percent of proprietors said they were contemplating cutting staff pay.
Slate(Dec 14, 2016)
Proprietor Chris Smith greets us with a warm manner and firm handshake.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 所有人，业主; 地主
分布：老板(45%)，业主(41%)，所有人(14%)
→来自proper,自己的，私人的，-etor,人。
所有者(propri+etor→拥有者)[proper,propri=one's own表示"拥有",引申为"恰当的"]
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■a person who owns a particular type of business, especially a hotel, a shop or a company that makes newspapers 所有人；业主；老板
• a hotel/newspaper proprietor 旅馆／报业老板
n. [工经] 业主； [经] 所有者；经营者
 - operator, building owner

Word: receptive
Front: receptive
[rɪˈseptɪv] (托宝 9761/11093 -1)
Vocabulary: receptive
(once / 2651 pages)
1adj 2adj
To be receptive is to be open to new ideas or change. If you’re responsive to other people’s suggestions and not set in your ways, then you’re not only receptive, but flexible.
The adjective receptive actually comes from a Latin word that means receive. So a receptive person is willing to receive things, especially opposing arguments, constructive criticism, and helpful hints. How receptive you are speaks to your willingness to have an impression made upon you. It can be good to be large and in charge sometimes, but you can also benefit from stepping back and being receptive to what life brings.
WORD FAMILY
receptive: receptively, receptiveness, receptivity, unreceptive+/ receive: receivable, received, receiver, receives, receiving, reception, receptive, receptor, recipient /receiver: receivers, receivership/receivership: receiverships/ reception: receptionist, receptions/ receptionist: receptionists/ receptivity: receptivities/receptor: receptors/ recipient: recipients
USAGE EXAMPLES
A recent poll suggests that defenders of the law may get a receptive hearing from the public.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
And if Trump follows through on his vow to renegotiate the Iran nuclear deal, he won’t find a receptive audience in Moscow.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Still, Mr. Trump will most likely be receptive to Mr. Putin’s overtures.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 善于接受的; 能容纳的; 有接受力的; 感受的，感官的
分布：愿意接受的(60%)，易接受的(40%)
善于接受的(recept接受)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
【记】recept接受，ive－善于接受的
【参】recipient（adj 容易接受的；n 容纳者；容器）
adjective
■willing to listen to and accept new ideas and suggestions （对于新思想和建议）乐于接受的，从善如流的
• The government is not receptive to the idea of a Freedom of Information Act. 政府对制定《资讯自由法》的意见充耳不闻。

Word: rehearse
Front: rehearse
[rɪˈhɜ:s] (托宝 7786/7588 -1)
Vocabulary: rehearse
(once / 574 pages)
v
When you rehearse, you practice something. You and your cast mates will need to rehearse for several weeks before you'll be ready to perform the entire two hours and forty-five minutes of the musical "Hamilton."
A new teacher might rehearse before his first day teaching math to ninth graders, and you'll want to rehearse before you sing the national anthem on the field before a baseball game begins. If you're nervous about something, like asking someone to the prom, you might rehearse it in your mind. At the root of rehearse is the Old French word rehercier, which means both "go over again," and "rake and turn over the soil."
WORD FAMILY
rehearse: rehearsal, rehearsed, rehearses, rehearsing+/ rehearsal: rehearsals/rehearsed: unrehearsed
USAGE EXAMPLES
But I wasn’t dreaming of it like I was rehearsing.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“You rehearse all week, and then you shoot in front of an audience, like a play. It’s like being part of an ensemble theater company.”
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
More than 1,000 Iraqi Christians attended the mass, which was a superbly rehearsed and performed piece of Catholic theatre.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 排练，排演; 公开练习
vt. 详述; 在排演中指挥; 经训练使熟练掌握; 复述，背诵
时态：rehearsed, rehearsing, rehearses
分布：排演(42%)，预演(29%)，详述(14%)，复述(7%)，预先演习(4%)，参加彩排(4%)
→来自盎格鲁法语 rehearser,来自古法语 rehercier,重复，再来一次，来自 re-,再，重新，hercier, 耙地，来自 herse,钉耙，词源同 hearse.引申词义排练，预演。
US [-'hɝ:s] verb
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to practise a play, a piece of music, etc. in order to prepare it for public performance （为公演而）排练，排演
• The musicians rehearsed (the symphony) for the concert. 乐师们为音乐会排练（交响曲）。
• figurative On her way to her interview she silently rehearsed what she would say. 在去面试的路上，她默诵了一下要说的话。
transitive formal
■When someone rehearses a story or an argument, they repeat it with all the details 详细复述；反复讲
• These are arguments that I've heard rehearsed at meetings many times before. 这些论点都是我多次在会议上听到的老生常谈了。
vt. 排练；预演
 - dry run, go though
vi. 排练；演习
 - dry run, go though

Word: redesign
Front: redesign
[ˌri:dɪˈzaɪn] (10636/14180 -1)
Vocabulary: redesign
(once / 6144 pages)
v
To change the way something looks or functions is to redesign it. If you use a wheelchair, you might need to redesign your new apartment to make it easier to get around.
An architect might redesign a school building so it meets the current codes for being accessible — adding elevators, ramps, and new bathrooms, for example. Or you might redesign your dorm room, simply by moving the furniture around and attaching a disco ball to the ceiling. Clothing designers, in turn, sometimes redesign old favorites, like when they redesign jeans so they have a higher waist or a slimmer fit.
WORD FAMILY
redesign: redesigned, redesigning, redesigns+/ design: designed, designer, designing, designs, redesign /designed: designedly, undesigned/ designer: designers/ designing: designingly, designings/undesigned: undesignedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Whether you’re looking for a single statement piece or to redesign your home, 14th Street NW is a haven for furniture seekers.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
A quick redesign incorporated the Nebraska sower with his hands properly placed.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Caruso, in an interview last week, said he worked extensively to meet the neighborhood’s needs, redesigning the project and offering additional concessions.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: v. 重新设计
n. 重新设计; 新设计
时态：redesigned, redesigning, redesigns
分布：重新设计(100%)
VERB
重新设计
If a building, vehicle, or system is redesigned, it is rebuilt according to a new design in order to improve it.
例：The hotel has recently been redesigned and redecorated...这家酒店最近重新设计和装修过。
例：The second step is to redesign the school system so that it produces a well-educated population.第二步是重新设计学校体制以造就高素质的人口。
vt. 重新设计
 - refashion
n. 重新设计；新设计
 - new design

Word: recourse
Front: recourse
[rɪˈkɔ:s] (托宝 11337/8741 -1)
Vocabulary: recourse
(once / 889 pages)
n
Recourse is a source of help. If you're failing trigonometry in spite of studying until your brain hurts, you may have no recourse but to hire a tutor.
Recourse comes from the Latin word recursus, meaning “to run back or retreat.” People seek recourse from such difficulties as debt, illness and legal woes, so you can think of recourse as the words "retreating from curses" squished together. For the record, though, the cursus in recursus means course, not curse. Actually, no one knows where the word curse comes from. There may be some connection between cursus and curses, but then again, there may not be.
WORD FAMILY
recourse: recourses+/ course: coursed, courses, coursing, recourse /coursing: coursings
USAGE EXAMPLES
That means changing your wife’s family or staying home — i.e., the unwavering “no!” — isn’t your only recourse.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
And no serious constitutional recourse seems to remain.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
“There’s no recourse from the state on what they’re doing to people’s lives. That’s my biggest problem with all of this.”
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 求援; 追索权; 依赖; 所依靠的物[人]
分布：追索权(44%)，求助(34%)，依赖(22%)
→re-,向后，往回，-cour,跑，词源同 course,current.即跑回来，引申词义求助，依靠。
依赖,求助(re回+course→跑回来→求助)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
【记】re反，cour＝cur跑，se：跑回来求助re反，course（n 过程；路线）：沿着回家的路线回来求助
US ['ri:.kɔ:rs] formal
noun uncountable
■using something or someone as a way of getting help, especially in a difficult or dangerous situation （尤指在艰难或危险的情况下）依靠，依赖，求助
• It is hoped that the dispute will be settled without recourse to litigation. 人们希望这场争端能够不透过对簿公堂在私下解决。
n. 求援，求助； [经] 追索权；依赖；救生索
 - dependence on, life-line

Word: rescind
Front: rescind
[rɪˈsɪnd] (宝 16113/15214 -1)
Vocabulary: rescind
(once / 4513 pages)
v
If get a call saying a company has decided to rescind your job offer, it's back to the classifieds for you. Rescind is an official reversal.
Things that are rescinded: policies, court decisions, regulations, and official statements. What all these examples have in common is that they are on the record. Also, rescind usually refers to promises instead of tangible objects. You can't rescind a shirt a friend has borrowed from you, but you can rescind your offer to loan them your jeans.
WORD FAMILY
rescind: recission, rescindable, rescinded, rescinding, rescinds, rescission +/ rescission: rescissions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The grant of power to a president implies the power to rescind it.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
After applying for more than 100 jobs, he received a dozen offers, all rescinded after background checks.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The order was rescinded but other measures were employed that were equally lethal.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 废除; 撤销
时态：rescinded, rescinding, rescinds
分布：取消(54%)，废除(46%)
→re-,向后，往回，-scind,砍，切，词源同 shed,scissors.即砍掉，引申词义废除，取消。
【记】re反，sci切，nd－反切掉－废除读：来新的－所以要废除旧的
【反】levy（v 征收；征用）；institute（v 创立；开始）
[rɪ'sɪnd] formal
verb transitive
■to make a law, agreement, order or decision no longer have any (legal) power 废除；取消；撤销
• The policy of charging air travellers for vegetarian meals proved unpopular and has already been rescinded. 事实证明，航空公司向素食主义乘客收取素餐费的做法不得人心，因而已被取消。
vi. 解除；废除；撤回
 - release from, want out

Word: sarin
Front: sarin
[ˈsɑ:rɪn] (29084/-)
Back: n. 沙林，甲氟膦酸异丙酯（一种用作神经性毒气的化学剂）
分布：沙林(100%)
n. 沙林；甲氟膦酸异丙酯（一种用作神经性毒气的化学剂）
 - Salim

Word: shrill
Front: shrill
[ʃrɪl] (六 12017/12653 -1)
Vocabulary: shrill
(once / 406 pages)
adjv
A shrill sound is high pitched and sharp, like the squeak of the mouse in your cupboard or the sound of your “eek” when you hear it.
Closer to a shriek than a trill, a shrill tone is one that might make you cover your ears, usually because the tone is so high and sharp. A high pitched voice, a classroom of excited first graders, or the sound of chalk scraping the board can all be shrill, as can a color or light that looks as sharp and intense as a shrill tone sounds.
WORD FAMILY
shrill: shrilled, shriller, shrillest, shrilling, shrillly, shrillness, shrills, shrilly+/shrilling: shrillings/shrillness: shrillnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
From his corner, Tarverdyan shouted in increasingly shrill tones as each punch connected.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The French-Canadian auteur’s film premiered at Cannes, where the reactions were swift and often merciless -- decrying, among other things, a shrill tone and in-your-face dysfunction.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
It’s hard to recommend “Blood Brothers,” which is mostly unpleasant and shrill.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. （声音）尖锐的; 刺耳的; 高频率的; 强烈的，刺激的
vt. 以尖声的方式说出; 尖叫
vi. 尖叫; 发出一种尖锐的声音
时态：shrilled, shrilling, shrills
分布：刺耳的(47%)，尖锐的(37%)，尖锐的声音(10%)，发出刺耳声(3%)，用尖锐的声音说(3%)
adjective
■having a loud and high sound that is unpleasant or painful to listen to （声音）刺耳的，尖厉的
• She had a shrill high-pitched voice. 她的声音尖锐而刺耳。
■disapproving
■describes a way of arguing or criticizing that seems too forceful （争论或批评）尖刻的，刻薄的
• He launched a shrill attack on the Prime Minister. 他对首相进行了刻薄的批评。
adj. [声] 尖锐的；刺耳的
 - grinding, sharp, harsh
adv. [声] 尖锐地
 - acutely, pointedly
vi. 尖声喊叫
 - scream out
n. 尖叫声
 - scream

Word: spew
Front: spew
[spju:] (托 10524/19542 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. 呕吐; （使某事物）喷出; 涌出，射出; 渗出
n. 呕吐物; 喷出物; 渗出物
时态：spewed, spewing, spews
分布：喷出(41%)，呕吐(25%)，涌出(20%)，吐出(6%)，喷出物(4%)，呕吐物(4%)
→来自拟声词根辅音丛 sp-,吐，喷出，比较 spate,spew,spit,spout,sputter.
verb intransitive or transitive [+ adv/prep]
■If something spews liquid or gas, or liquid or gas spews from something, it flows out in large amounts （使）（液体或气体）喷出，涌出
• The volcano spewed a giant cloud of ash, dust and gases into the air. 火山向空中喷出大量的烟灰、灰尘和气体。
• The drains spew (out) millions of gallons of raw sewage into the river. 几百万加仑未经处理的污水从排水管里喷涌而出，倾泻进河里。
• Paper came spewing from the computer printer. 纸一张张地从印表机里被吐出来。
[spju:] verb intransitive or transitive [+ adv/prep]
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] spew (sth) up slang
■to vomit 呕吐
• I was spewing up all night after those mussels. 吃了那些贻贝之后我整个晚上都在吐。
vt. 喷出；呕吐
 - belch out, spout out
vi. 喷涌；呕吐
 - shoot the cat, hork

Word: tornado
Front: tornado
[tɔ:ˈneɪdəʊ] (托雅宝 6951/16319 -1)
Vocabulary: tornado
(once / 2619 pages)
1n 2n
A tornado is a violent windstorm in the shape of a funnel cloud that reaches to the ground. If a tornado is coming, you’ll want to take cover.
A tornado can be quite severe and leave a lot of destruction in its wake, Tornadoes (or tornados — either is correct) tend to occur more often and with more severity in areas over flat lands, such as the Great Plains. That Kansas “twister” in The Wizard of Oz is a famous example of a tornado. Tornado is sometimes used to describe someone or something that acts like a tornado — with intense, violent energy or emotion.
WORD COUNT
Stormy Weather: A Tempest of Meteorological Terms
Not long ago, Cliff Mass, an atmospheric scientist in Seattle, blogged about a sandstorm that had occurred in Eastern Washington. Extreme weather is not unusual in that area, but the word he used for the storm was new to many of us: haboob. The novelty of the term, along with the spectacular photo on his blog of an oncoming haboob, had people talking about it for days.
Haboob in Eastern Washington, September 2013 [Photo: Robert Ames]
Given how much our day-to-day lives are influenced by weather — and especially by storms — perhaps it's not surprising that we have a rich vocabulary for these natural phenomena.
The biggest of all storms, of course, is a hurricane. This term came into English from Spanish, but originates in Taíno, a native language from the Caribbean. The regional origin of this name might explain why we use hurricane for storms in the Atlantic and in eastern Pacific, close to the Americas. For similar storms in the western Pacific and the Indian Ocean, we use the word typhoon, a term with a curious etymology: it appears to represent a convergence of a Greek word for a whirlwind and a Chinese word for "great wind." (Some speculate an Arabic origin also.) A general term for these types of large-scale storms — cyclone, from Greek for "rotate" or "wheel" — alludes to the fact that they revolve around a central point.
Hurricane Isabel as seen from the International Space Station [source: Wikipedia]
Aside from these well-known terms, there's a nor'easter for a large storm in the north Atlantic. This name follows the convention for naming winds, which identifies the direction from which they come; a nor'easter spins counterclockwise, hence brings winds from the northeast.
Inland, a derecho is a hurricane-scale storm that is primarily associated with the Midwestern areas of the U.S. and Canada. Derecho is the Spanish word for "straight ahead," and came into use to describe the storm's wind pattern, which meteorologists call "straight-line wind." The "straight" nature of a derecho was intended to contrast with the circular nature of a different storm: the tornado, which occurs frequently in the same geographic region. The name tornado is another Spanish term, which might either derive from a word for thunderstorm or from a word for "to turn." An informal term for a tornado is a twister, named for its characteristic motion. The word cyclone is also used informally for tornados, since they're another type of revolving storm, but not by professionals.
If you substitute snow for rain in one of these large-scale storms, you get a blizzard. While I'm sure that the Anglo-Saxons huddled in their longhouses against snowy blasts, they did not bequeath us this word; blizzard is both a surprisingly modern term (the first recorded cite is from 1859) and originally an American one.
Generically, any strong wind is a gale (possibly of Norse origin). For meteorologists, a gale has a more precise definition: it's a wind that's between 34 and 40 knots, as measured on the Beaufort Scale, which has similarly precise values for terms like strong breeze, high wind, violent storm, and hurricane force. Another generic term for a wind-bearing storm is tempest (from Latin via Old French), whose metaphoric sense of tumult goes back almost as far as its weather-related sense. I for one would love to hear a TV weatherperson bring the word tempest back into everyday use.
There are many regional terms for winds and windstorms that occur regularly. People near mountains often experience type of wind called a föhn (or foehn, pronounced fern), which occurs in the Alps. This is a wind that comes down off mountains (that is, the wind is katabatic) and is channeled via valleys or passes. In Southern California, a famous föhn-type wind is the Santa Ana wind that blows out of the high desert to the east and whose extreme dryness can contribute to wildfires. (Some say that the Santa Ana wind makes people in Los Angeles restless and violent.) I grew up along the Front Range in Colorado, and in the spring we often experienced the extremely strong Chinook wind, whose unseasonable warmth has given it the nickname "snow-eater."
Other regional winds are the Diablo wind in Northern California, the Knik and Taku winds in Alaska, and the Squamish in British Columbia, though not all of these are warm winds (quite the contrary). Further afield are winds such as those in the Mediterranean region including the Mistral and Levant in France, the Ostro in Italy, and the hot, dry Sirocco that comes off the Sahara.
The Sirocco brings us back to Arabic, which is where we also get the haboob that we started with. Look out your window, and if it's a blustery day, there's probably a term that precisely names the wind you're experiencing, whether that term comes to us from a Native American language, from Spanish, or from a language of the African deserts.
WORD FAMILY
tornado: tornadoes, tornados
USAGE EXAMPLES
Marsh said until Tuesday’s outbreak, there had been 830 tornadoes all year , which was below the previous low for that date of 920.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The number of tornadoes pounding the United States during the most extreme outbreaks has roughly doubled over the past 50 years, a new analysis shows.
Science Magazine(Dec 01, 2016)
Editor Doug Headrick says a technician was in the paper’s offices in Athens when the tornado tore the roof off the building early Wednesday morning.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. [大气]龙卷风，陆龙卷; 大雷雨; 具有巨大破坏性的人（或事物）
分布：龙卷风(83%)，飓风(10%)，旋风(7%)
→来自西班牙语 tronada,雷暴，来自 tronar,打雷，来自拉丁语 tonare,打雷，词源同 thunder,Thor. 拼写和词义可能受到拉丁语 tornare 影响，来自 tornare,扭曲，转动，词源同 turn.引申词义龙 卷风，旋风。
龙卷风(torn+ado→转着的风→龙卷风)[tour,torn,tourn=turn,表示"转,环绕"]
龙卷风(torn=turn转→转的风)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
【记】tor转，nado：转的风－龙卷风
US [tɔ:r'neɪ.doʊ] (plural tornados or tornadoes) (US informal also twister)
noun countable
■a strong dangerous wind which forms itself into an upside-down spinning cone and is able to destroy buildings as it moves across the ground 龙卷风；旋风
n. [气象] 龙卷风；旋风；暴风；大雷雨
 - cyclone, Tornado Jockey

Word: submerge
Front: submerge
[səbˈmɜ:dʒ] (研四六托雅 11140/11468 -1)
Vocabulary: submerge
(once / 1158 pages)
v
When you go swimming, you submerge your body in water. If your head is out of the water, it is not submerged — it's just wet.
To really soak a washcloth, you should submerge it in a basin of water. It is said that the word submerge was invented by William Shakespeare. We don't know that for sure, but we know that its appearance in the play Antony and Cleopatra is the first recorded time the word was written, and therefore read, by anyone.
WORD FAMILY
submerge: submerged, submergence, submerges, submergible, submerging, submersible +/submergence: submergences/submergible: nonsubmergible/ submersible: nonsubmersible, submersibles
USAGE EXAMPLES
Police say the vehicle became nearly completely submerged and two occupants were trapped.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But submerging your sorrows by binging on Fisher’s most famous appearances won’t be cheap.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
The sheriff’s office aviation and marine units responded to search for the submerged vehicle and occupants.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 淹没; 把…浸入; 沉没，下潜; 使沉浸
vt. 淹没; 把…浸入; 沉浸
vi. 淹没; 潜入水中; 湮没
时态：submerged, submerging, submerges
分布：潜入水中(39%)，浸没(34%)，覆盖(15%)，使浸没(12%)
→sub-,在下，-merg,浸入，词源同 emerge,immerse.
沉没,淹没(sub+merge淹没→淹没下去)[sub-①表示"在下面,次一等,副手"②表示"接近,靠近"]
沉入,沉入水中(sub在下面+merge→沉到下面去)[merg,mers=sink,表示"沉,没"]
v.沉没,淹没;潜入The energetic enemy submerged in the water on the verge of the emergency.在紧急情况快要发生时精力充沛的敌军沉入水中.
【记】sub下面，merge（v 合并，吞没）－吞没下去－淹没
【参】emerge（v 显现）；emergency（n 紧急情况）
US [-'mɝ:dʒ] verb
intransitive or transitive
■to go below the surface of the sea or a river or lake （使）潜入水中，（使）没入水中；浸没
• The submarine submerged when enemy planes were sighted. 潜艇发现敌机后马上下潜。
• She was taken to hospital after being submerged in an icy river for 45 minutes. 她在冰冷的河水中浸了45分钟后被送进了医院。
transitive literary
■to cover or hide something completely 湮没，湮灭；掩盖
• She has submerged her identity in the role of photographer's wife and muse. 她完全湮没了自我，全心全意地做摄影师的妻子，并为他提供艺术灵感。
UK [səb'mɜ:dʒ] US [-'mɝ:dʒ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  submerge yourself in sth
■to put all your effort into doing a particular activity 全身心投入
• She is an actress who always tries to submerge herself completely in a role. 她是那种总是全心全意投入角色的演员。
dip, duck, submerge, plunge, immerse
这组词都有“沉浸，浸入”的意思，其区别是：
dip: 指部分地、暂时地或轻微地放进液体，多暗示一种谨慎或试探性的动作。
duck: 指把头伸进水中，或指游泳时开玩笑地把一个人的头按入水中。
submerge: 指长时间的完全浸入、潜入，强调浸入液体深层。
plunge: 暗示迅速而有力的动作，但浸入不一定很深。
immerse: 侧重全部被液体所覆盖，也可用于比喻意义。
vt. 淹没；把…浸入；沉浸
 - flood, flow
vi. 淹没；潜入水中；湮没
 - drown out, swallow up

Word: unconvincing
Front: unconvincing
[ˌʌnkənˈvɪnsɪŋ] (托雅 23430/14116 -1)
Back: adj. 不足以令人相信的; 不可信的
分布：不足以令人相信的(78%)，难以置信的(22%)
adjective
■If an explanation or story is unconvincing, it does not sound or seem true or real （解释或说法）似乎不真实的，不令人信服的
• They produced some rather unconvincing explanations for the system failure. 关于这个系统的失灵，他们编造了一些令人难以信服的理由。
• The dialogue was unconvincing, partly because it was American actors trying to speak London English. 对白听起来不真实，部分原因在于明明是美国演员，却非要说一口伦敦腔。

Word: abyss
Front: abyss
[əˈbɪs] (托 11847/14950 -1)
Vocabulary: abyss
(once / 814 pages)
n
The noun abyss refers to a deep void or chasm — either literal or figurative. Making a momentous life decision with great uncertainty, like enrolling in clown college, might feel like jumping into the abyss.
Traditionally, the abyss referred to the "bottomless pit" of Hell. Now it might refer to either a literal chasm or a figurative one: "Thirty years ago, we peered into this abyss and pulled back just in time." The word is sometimes used to describe a wide difference between cultures or nations. Abyss comes from Greek: a- "without" + byssos, "depth, bottom." You may know the related adjective abysmal, which means "appallingly bad" — or "way down in the depths," as it were.
WORD FAMILY
abyss: abyssal, abysses
USAGE EXAMPLES
I used to think that an abyss is a moment of despair becoming interminable; but any moment, even the direst, is bound to end.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
As both parent and child scream in terror, he loses his grip on his mother and she starts to disappear into the abyss.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The zone is also an abyss of lawlessness.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 深渊，无底洞; 深邃; <古>地狱，阴间; 浑沌
分布：深渊(94%)，无底洞(6%)
→前缀a-, 没有。词根byss, 底，词源同base, 底，低下。
深渊(a没有+byss-没有底)[byss=borrom(底)]
【记】a没有，byss＝bottom底－无底洞－深渊
noun countable usually singular
HOLE 洞 literary
■a very deep hole which seems to have no bottom 深渊
[ə'bɪs] noun countable usually singular
BAD SITUATION 坏情况
■a difficult situation that brings trouble or destruction 险境，绝境
• The country is sinking/plunging into an abyss of violence and lawlessness. 这个国家正陷入暴力和法制崩溃的深渊。
• She found herself on the edge of an abyss. 她发现自己的处境岌岌可危。
n. 深渊；深邃，无底洞
 - deep, gulf, depths

Word: untapped
Front: untapped
[ˌʌnˈtæpt] (托宝 18033/19433)
Back: adj. （有用或宝贵的东西）未开发的，未利用的; 未开塞的
分布：未使用的(86%)，塞子未开的(14%)
【记】un不，tap（v 轻打；n 塞子），ped：塞子未开的；未使用的
adjective
■If a supply of something valuable is untapped, it is not yet used or taken advantage of 未利用的；未开发的
• untapped assets/resources/markets/talent 未利用的资产／未开发的资源／未开发的市场／未发掘的才华
adj. 未开发的；未使用的；塞子未开的
 - undeveloped, unexploited

Word: wayward
Front: wayward
[ˈweɪwəd] (14211/13952 -1)
Vocabulary: wayward
(once / 1862 pages)
adj
Someone wayward is a little stubborn and independent — they're determined to find their own way and are not easily controlled.
Being wayward can mean a few things, but they all have something to do with doing your own thing — often, going against what others want you to do. A rebellious student is wayward. A son who ignores his parent's advice is wayward. A politician who goes against everyone else in his political party is wayward. Wayward folks like to go their own way — and they often take the unexpected path.
WORD FAMILY
wayward: waywardest, waywardly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I ask not that you guide my wayward son,” the King tells Noctis’s companions upon departing, “merely that you remain at his side.”
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
An interception or two seemed inevitable for the Clemson quarterback prone to occasional bad decisions and wayward throws this season.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Albert Brooks played a wayward science-fiction writer who moves back home with Mom, played by Ms. Reynolds, in this comedy-drama, directed by Mr. Brooks.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 任性的; 刚愎自用的; 固执的; 意料不到的
分布：任性的(84%)，刚愎的(10%)，倔强的(6%)
→way-,缩写自away,离开，-ward,转走，词源同toward,引申词义难以控制的，倔强的。
US [-wɚd] old-fashioned
adjective
■(especially of a person's behaviour) often changing, selfish and difficult to control （尤指某人的行为）反覆无常的，任性的，难以管束的
adj. 任性的；不规则的；刚愎的
 - abnormal, self-partial

Word: bailey
Front: bailey
['beɪli] (-/6103)
Vocabulary: bailey
(once / 166470 pages)
n
A bailey is the sturdy wall around a castle that keeps invaders out. The bailey of a medieval castle was usually built of stone.
You might see a bailey — or the remains of one — if you tour a castle in England or France. The word bailey is used both to describe the defensive wall around a castle courtyard, or sometimes the courtyard itself. This type of castle design was especially common in twelfth century England. The word comes from the Old French bail, "stake, palisade, or brace," which may be rooted in the Latin bacula, "sticks."
WORD FAMILY
bailey: baileys
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was trotting by the time she reached the castle bailey, with Tris dogging her heels, but even so she came too late.
George R. R. Martin, A Dance with Dragons(2011)
TTie carpenters had erected a gallery and lists in the outer bailey.
George R.R. Martin, A Clash of Kings(1998)
Speaking of the analyst team, bailey says that “we are in the same market for analytics and data science talent with everybody.”
Forbes(Jan 27, 2014)
Back: n. （城堡的）外墙; 堡场
分布：城堡外墙(25%)，贝利（姓氏(25%)，男子名）.(25%)，城廓(25%)
→来自拉丁词bacula, 杆，棍，词源同bachelor. 指用棍子围起来的简易堡场，小村庄。

Word: clap
Front: clap
[klæp] (中高研四六托 6723/8015 -K1)
Vocabulary: clap
(once / 386 pages)
1vn 2v 3n
To clap is to strike your hands together. After an awesome play, an audience will clap and maybe even stand up and hoot. A clap is also any loud or sharp noise or collision, like a clap of thunder.
After you see a performance, it's polite to clap — smack your hands together quickly and repeatedly. To clap also means to put something down quickly and with force, like if you clap a plate on a table. Any sharp, loud sound is a clap, like a clap caused by an explosion. Clapping two objects together quickly will cause a clap. All types of claps and clapping involve sharp movements and loud sounds.
WORD FAMILY
clap: clapped, clapper, clapping, claps+/ clapper: clappers/clapping: clappings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some 15-100 performers dressed in white twirl long sticks, beat drums and clap to songs about love and generosity.
BBC(Dec 01, 2016)
The crowd began clapping and teammates came over to hug the senior safety.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Trump pulled his face into a crocodile smile, clapped his hands and promised, “Brexit plus plus plus!”
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 拍手，鼓掌; 轻轻拍打某人; 急速放置; 振翼，拍翅膀
n. 鼓掌，拍手; 拍手声; 噼拍声; 破裂声
vi. 鼓掌，拍手; 啪地关上
时态：clapped, clapping, claps
分布：鼓掌(43%)，拍手(34%)，轻拍(11%)，拍手声(4%)，啪地关上(4%)，霹雳声(4%)
→拟声词，模仿鼓掌的声音。
v.拍手,拍,轻拍n.拍(手),掌声,霹雳声I clapped Mark on the shoulder.我轻拍马克的肩膀.
verb (-pp-)
MAKE NOISE 发出声音
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to make a short loud noise by hitting your hands together 拍（手），击（掌）
• "When I clap my hands, you must stand still," said the teacher. 老师说：“我拍手时，你们必须站立不动。”
• The band played a familiar tune which had everyone clapping along. 乐队演奏了一首熟悉的曲子，大家都跟着一起拍手。
• The audience clapped in time to the music. 观众随着音乐的节拍拍手。
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to clap your hands repeatedly to show that you like or admire someone or have enjoyed a performance 鼓（掌）
• The audience clapped and cheered when she stood up to speak. 她站起来讲话时，观众鼓掌欢呼。
• We all clapped his performance enthusiastically. 我们都为他的表演热烈鼓掌。
[klæp] verb (-pp-)
PUT QUICKLY 迅速放置
transitive + adverb or preposition
■to put a person or thing somewhere quickly or suddenly 迅速把…放在；急速放置
• She clapped her hand over her mouth to try to stop herself from laughing. 她连忙用手捂住嘴，不让自己笑出声来。
• The police clapped him into/in prison for possession of drugs. 警方以私藏毒品的罪名将他投入监狱。
[klæp] verb (-pp-)
HIT 击
transitive + adverb or preposition
■to hit someone lightly on the shoulder or back in a friendly way, especially to express pleasure at what they have done （尤指为表示满意而在肩上或背上轻轻友好地）拍
• He clapped his daughter on the back and told her how proud of her he was. 他轻拍女儿的脊背，告诉她自己多么为她自豪。
[klæp] noun
NOISE 喧闹声
only singular
■when you clap your hands continuously to show that you like or admire someone or something 拍手；鼓掌
• Let's give a big clap to/for our winning contestant! 让我们为获胜选手热烈鼓掌！
countable
■a sudden loud noise made by thunder 霹雳声
• There was a clap of thunder and then it started to pour with rain. 哢嚓一声雷鸣，接着就下起了倾盆大雨。
[klæp] noun
HIT 击
countable
■when you hit someone lightly on the shoulder or back in a friendly way, especially to express pleasure at what they have done （尤指为表示满意而在肩上或背上轻轻友好地）拍
• He gave me a friendly clap on the shoulder and said, "Well done!" 他友好地拍拍我的肩膀说：“做得好！”
[klæp] noun
DISEASE 疾病
the clap only singular slang for
■ gonorrhoea
• a nasty dose of the clap 肮脏的淋病
applaud, clap, praise, commend
applaud: v.鼓掌，赞扬，指因精湛表演或某种行为得到别人的赞许，大声叫好或热烈鼓掌。
 • The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.   老板表扬了我的工作，对我的努力表示赞许。
clap: v.拍打，其用法是clap one's hand=applaud,不能说applaud one's hands。
 • clap sb.   为某人鼓掌，clap sth.拍打某物
praise: v.为一般用词，用于对某人的优秀品质表示钦佩羡慕；赞颂，赞美。
 • A supervisor praised the employee for her good work.   一位主管称赞这位员工的工作做得不错。
 • Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them.   坠机事件的幸存者赞颂上帝使他们得救。
commend: v.为正式用词，用于对具体功绩或成就表示嘉奖，通常指上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的赞赏。
 • The teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam.   老师表扬学生们的考试成绩优异。
vt. 拍手，鼓掌；轻轻拍打某人
 - plaud
n. 鼓掌；拍手声
 - handclap

Word: bathe
Front: bathe
[beɪð] (高研四雅 7550/8777 -2)
Vocabulary: bathe
(once / 305 pages)
1vn 2v
When you bathe, you wash yourself. A cat bathes itself by licking its fur with a rough tongue. If you're human, don't try that technique.
The word bathe generally means to clean yourself in a tub of water — as opposed to shower, which means to wash beneath a stream of water. You can, however, use this verb to describe almost any kind of cleansing: you might bathe the scrape on a child's knee with a soapy cloth. Poetically, the sun can also bathe, or saturate, something with light. In Britain, to bathe also means "to swim."
WORD FAMILY
bathe: bathed, bather, bathes, bathing+/bather: bathers/bathing: bathings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tourists enjoying their breakfast looked down on fishing boats festooned with Christmas lights and bathed in unseasonally warm winter sunshine.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
At its best, it bathed in beauty, taste and predictability.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Around 10 a.m., they parade by visitors to the dam to bathe and relax.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 给…洗澡，游泳; 把…浸泡在液体中; （用海绵等）洗; 把…弄湿，润湿
vt. 冲洗; 浸; 用水清洗（尤指身体部位）; （以光线）撒满
n. 游泳; <英>（在河，海中的）游泳
时态：bathed, bathing, bathes
分布：沐浴(62%)，用水洗(28%)，沉浸(10%)
→来自古英语bathian,洗浴，来自bath,洗浴，-ian,古英语动词后缀。
v.游泳,洗澡,浸,弄湿Both the math pathfinders bathed in the bathtub.两个数学先驱都在浴盆里洗过澡.
verb
SWIM 游泳
intransitive
■to swim, especially in the sea, a river or a lake （尤指在河、湖或海里）游泳
• Children suffering from the illness had bathed in sea water contaminated by sewage. 患上这个病的孩子都在遭污水污染的海水里游过泳。
[beɪð] verb
COVER 覆盖
transitive
■to cover with a liquid, especially in order to make part of the body feel better 洗，浸，泡
• I bathed my feet in salt water. 我把双脚泡在盐水里。
transitive
■to cover with something that causes a pleasant feeling or appearance 使沉浸于；笼罩
• In the afternoon the sun bathes the city in shades of pink and gold. 午后，城市沐浴在粉红色和金黄色的阳光里。
[beɪð] verb
WASH 洗涤
transitive US for
■bath (= to wash)
[beɪð] noun only singular UK formal
■an act of bathing, or an occasion when you swim
   游泳，洗浴
• I went for a bathe every evening. 我每天晚上都去游泳。
bathe, bath
bathe: You bathe something to make it clean in a medical way.
bath: You bath to get clean.
vt. 沐浴；用水洗
 - lave
vi. 洗澡；沐浴
 - wash oneself, have a bath
n. 洗澡；游泳
 - swim, ablution

Word: diocese
Front: diocese
[ˈdaɪəsɪs] (9791/7398 -1)
Back: n. 主教管区，教区
分布：主教教区(100%)
→来自希腊语dioikesis, 管理，dia-,穿过，整个的，oikos, 家，屋子，词源同villa, economy. 即一家之主，用于指主教辖区。
['daɪ.ə.sɪs] (plural dioceses)
noun countable
■in the Roman Catholic Church and the Anglican (= Church of England) church, an area controlled by a bishop （罗马天主教或英国国教的）主教辖区

Word: denunciation
Front: denunciation
[dɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃn] (宝 16387/15313 -1)
Vocabulary: denunciation
(once / 1394 pages)
n
A denunciation is a public reprimand in which you are told that you've done wrong. If you get caught skipping school, expect denunciation-by teachers, your principal, parents and maybe even your friends.
When you harshly criticize someone or something in front of other people, it's a denunciation, like an opinion piece that appears in a newspaper. Sometimes denunciation has the meaning of telling on or exposing someone's misdeeds, like a juicy, book-length denunciation of a famous guitarist written by a former bandmate. The Latin root word is denuntiare, "to announce, proclaim, denounce, or command."
WORD FAMILY
denunciation: denunciations
USAGE EXAMPLES
But despite his spokesman's earlier denunciation of Stepanova as a traitor, he also acknowledged there was a problem.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
The online denunciations pile up daily: Muslims can’t be trusted.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Moreover, where are the harsh denunciations of other U.S.-backed repressive monarchies like Qatar and Bahrain?
Salon(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 指责，弹劾，谴责; 控诉，告发，揭发
分布：谴责(100%)
→来自denounce, 谴责。
【记】denunciate＝denounce公开指责
【反】eulogy（n 赞词；颂词）；tribute（n 贡品；颂词）；accolade（n 赞美）；panegyric（n 颂词；推崇备至）
noun countable or uncountable
CRITICISM 批评
■public criticism of something or someone 谴责，公开批评
[dɪˌnʌnt.si'eɪ.ʃən] noun countable or uncountable
ACCUSATION 指控
■accusing someone in public of something bad 检举；告发
• his denunciation as a traitor 揭发他的叛徒身分
n. 谴责，斥责；告发
 - condemnation, tongue-lashing

Word: disillusionment
Front: disillusionment
[ˌdɪsɪˈlu:ʒnmənt] (16012/14166)
Vocabulary: disillusionment
(once / 5605 pages)
n
Feeling disillusionment means you're bummed out because you no longer believe in something — usually because you find out it isn't as amazing as you thought.
The definition of disillusionment doesn't sound so bad: being freed from false beliefs or illusions. Well, sorry to disillusion you, but it's not so great. Disillusionment is when the hard truth of reality makes you lose faith in your dreams and ideals. Like you might have thought your internship at the movie studio would be super glamorous, but you quickly suffered some disillusionment when you realized it involved 14-hour days and lots of coffee runs.
WORD FAMILY
disillusionment: disillusionments+/ disillusion: disillusioned, disillusioning, disillusionment, disillusions/disillusioning: disillusioningly/ illusion: disillusion, illusional, illusionary, illusionist, illusions, illusory / illusionist: illusionists/ illusory: illusorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The poem is a heartfelt work that grapples with pain and injustice, with unfairness and disillusionment.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
She then sings a song about the ennui of middle-aged womanhood and her disillusionment with the bourgeoisie who surround her privileged 1970s Manhattan life.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Earlier this week, stall owners and shoppers who voted for Ms. Park four years ago expressed a mixture of defiance and disillusionment.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 幻灭; 醒悟
分布：醒悟(60%)，理想破灭(40%)
N-UNCOUNT
醒悟;不再抱幻想;理想破灭
Disillusionment is the disappointment that you feel when you discover that something is not as good as you had expected or thought.
例：...his growing disillusionment with his work.他对他的工作越来越不抱幻想
例：...the pain, disillusionment and despair we experience when someone we idolized has betrayed our trust.我们视作偶像的人辜负了我们的信任时，我们所体会到的痛苦、失望和绝望
n. 幻灭；醒悟
 - disenchantment, evanescence

Word: hamstring
Front: hamstring
[ˈhæmstrɪŋ] (宝 11057/17508 -1)
Back: n. 腿筋
vt. 割断…的腿筋
时态：hamstrung, hamstringing, hamstrings
分布：腿筋(83%)，切断腿筋使成跛腿(7%)，使无效(7%)，减弱活动能力(3%)
→ham,膝弯，string,弦。引申词义肌腱。
【记】ham＝harm（v 伤害），string绳子，腿腱：使残废，使无效
verb transitive often passive (hamstrung, hamstrung)
■to limit the amount of something that can be done or the ability or power of someone to do something 使受限制；使难有作为
• The company was hamstrung by traditional but inefficient ways of conducting business. 这家公司被其传统但低效率的经营方式所束缚。
['hæm.strɪŋ] noun countable
■any of five tendons (= bands of tissue connecting muscles to bones) at the back of the knee 腘绳肌腱
• He pulled (= injured) a hamstring while playing rugby. 他在打橄榄球时拉伤了一条腘绳肌腱。
vt. 切断腿筋使成跛腿；使残废
 - disable, maim

Word: disturbance
Front: disturbance
[dɪˈstɜ:bəns] (研六托雅 6265/4293 -2)
Vocabulary: disturbance
(once / 433 pages)
n
A disturbance is a noisy commotion that causes a hubbub or interruption. It can also be a worried mental state.
In hotels, people put up "Do not disturb" signs when they want to be left alone. That's a good clue to what a disturbance is: something, usually noisy or rowdy, that bothers people. An audience member yelling during a piano concert would be a disturbance. Disturbances can also be interruptions, like a disturbance in cable service when the cable goes out. Disturbances can also be mental: if you're worried or anxious, that's a type of internal disturbance.
WORD FAMILY
disturbance: disturbances+/ disturb: disturbance, disturbed, disturber, disturbing, disturbs/disturbed: disturbedly, undisturbed/disturber: disturbers/ disturbing: disturbingly/undisturbed: undisturbedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Authorities say the officer responded to a disturbance at a Country Inn & Suites about 4 a.m.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Officers who responded to the disturbance found three injured people.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But, in cases where talent is accompanied by real psychological disturbance, do the creative benefits really outweigh the costs to the individual?
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 打扰; 骚乱，变乱; 困扰; 烦闷
分布：扰乱(52%)，骚动(48%)
骚动,动乱(disturb+ance)[turb=stir"表示"搅动"]
扰乱(disturb干扰)[-ance表名词"性质,状况"]
n.动乱,骚乱,干扰Banned murders in the suburb bring turbulent disturbance and burden to the urban turbine works.在郊区被禁止的谋杀给都市透平工厂带来汹涌骚乱和重负.
US [-'stɝ:-] noun countable or uncountable
■something that interrupts someone or makes them feel worried 干扰，滋扰
• Residents are fed up with the disturbance caused by the nightclub. 居民受够了夜总会造成的干扰。
• Phone calls are the biggest disturbance at work. 接听电话是工作中最大的干扰。
■violence or trouble 骚乱；纷乱；暴力事件
• There was a minor disturbance (= violent event in public) during the demonstration, but nobody was injured. 示威活动中发生了一件轻微的骚乱事件，但没有人受伤。
cause a disturbance
■to break the law by fighting or behaving extremely noisily in public 扰乱治安，破坏秩序
chaos, disturbance, disordr, mess, confusion
这些名词均表示事物的混乱状态。
chaos: 着重指令人无能为力或感到绝望的混乱状态。突出没有很好的组织。
disturbance: 主要指社会中政治性的动乱、骚乱；也可指个人或少数人的闹事。
disordr: 正式用词，含义广泛。指事物因失去原有的秩序而造成混乱；也可指社会中的动乱或骚乱。
mess: 语气强，口语中较常用的非正式用词。指既混乱又肮脏，尤指人思想混乱或外表不整洁。
confusion: 指东西搅混在一起，凌乱得难以辨认；也可指思想混乱，以致无法进行正常的思维活动。
n. [通信] [电子] 干扰；骚乱；忧虑
 - interference, care, obstacle, disorder, worries

Word: pavilion
Front: pavilion
[pəˈvɪliən] (11779/7859 -1)
Vocabulary: pavilion
(once / 888 pages)
n
Pavilions are made for pleasure. A traveling circus takes place under a big colorful pavilion or billowing tent. A wedding might take place under a pavilion or freestanding decorative building in a garden.
The word pavilion comes from the Latin papilionem meaning "tent" or literally "butterfly." Think of the sweeping beautiful wings of a butterfly and how they sort of resemble the folds of a tent. In the eighteenth century, pavilions were popular in Europe. Wealthy people would build these small temple-like buildings where they could go to reflect and find calm. Today, the word is more commonly used for big tents or outdoor spaces where events are held.
WORD FAMILY
pavilion: pavilions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Knauerhaze says the bodies of Holtrey and her friend were found Monday near the Pavilions shopping center in Newport Beach.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Georgia Tech: The Jackets pulled off second big upset in the last 13 months at McCamish Pavilion.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Leaf claimed during a video segment played on the Pauley Pavilion scoreboard that he was a world-class golfer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 亭，阁楼; （公共活动或展览用的）临时建筑物; 大型文体馆; 看台
vt. 搭帐篷; 笼罩; 置…于亭中
分布：馆(97%)，楼阁(2%)，搭帐蓬(1%)
→来自古法语paveillon,蝴蝶，大帐篷，华美帐篷，来自拉丁语papilio,蝴蝶，词源同papillon.后用于指华美的建筑，因其如蝴蝶的展开翅膀而得名，后用于指亭，阁。
noun countable
BUILDING 建筑物 UK a building near a sports field, especially one where cricket is played, used by the players and sometimes by people watching the game （尤指板球场旁设立的）选手席，看台
■US
■one of a group of related buildings （一组相关建筑物的）分馆，配楼
• the West Pavilion of Central General Hospital 中心综合医院的西楼
■US
■a large building in which sports or entertainment take place 大型体育馆
[pə'vɪl.jən] noun countable
TEMPORARY STRUCTURE 临时建筑物
■a temporary structure, such as a large tent, especially used at public events or for shows （尤指用于公共活动或展览的）临时建筑物（如大帐篷）
n. [建] 阁；亭子；大帐篷；展示馆
 - summerhouse, gloriette
vt. 搭帐篷；置…于亭中；笼罩
 - fold, hang over

Word: lush
Front: lush
[lʌʃ] (宝 6765/10064 -1)
Vocabulary: lush
(once / 2801 pages)
1adj 2n
Lush describes something growing in abundance, like the lush green grass that covers the lawn in the spring.
Lush usually describes thick healthy plant growth, like the jungles of the rainforest that were so lush you couldn't walk through without chopping down branches. (Then it wasn't so lush anymore...oops!) Lush also means "plush" or even "extravagant" — like a thick shag carpet, music with lots of layers, or a bedroom wallpapered in velvet. Plants full of juice are lush, which is perhaps why a person who drinks too much alcohol is called a lush.
WORD FAMILY
lush: lusher, lushes, lushest, lushly, lushness
USAGE EXAMPLES
His land was lush, with high dunes overlooking its 480 feet of oceanfront.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Mr. Johnson relished his lush job, but he soon grew restless again.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
His music, by turns minimal and lush, incorporates an array of influences from Bach to rock to West African kora music.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 葱翠的; 豪华的; 丰富的
n. 醉汉
vi. 喝醉
级别：lusher, lushest
分布：茂盛的(41%)，酒(23%)，苍翠繁茂的(14%)，酒鬼(11%)，丰富的(8%)，喝酒(3%)
→词源不确定，可能来自拉丁语laxus,松软的，放松的，词源同lax.后形容植物枝叶嫩的，茂盛的。
【记】读：拉屎。要想拉屎不能在光天化日之下，要找一个郁郁葱葱的地方。
【反】sere（adj 干枯的）
adjective
PLANTS 植物
■A lush area has a lot of green, healthy plants, grass and trees （地区）郁郁葱葱的，植被茂盛的
• lush green valleys 郁郁葱葱的山谷
[lʌʃ] adjective
LUXURIOUS 豪华的
■(of places, furniture, decoration, etc.) expensive and luxurious （地方、家俱、装潢等）奢华的，名贵的
• a lush carpet 名贵的地毯
[lʌʃ] adjective
ATTRACTIVE 吸引人的 informal
■very attractive to look at, taste, smell, etc （外表、味道或者气味）吸引人的
• He's so lush. 他真有吸引力。
[lʌʃ] noun countable slang
■a person who regularly drinks too much alcohol 酒鬼，贪杯的人
• She's a bit of a lush by all accounts. 不管怎么说她都有点像酒鬼。
adj. 丰富的，豪华的；苍翠繁茂的
 - abundant, grand, full, ample, plentiful
vi. 喝酒
 - wine, liquor, knock over a drink
n. 酒；酒鬼
 - wine, liquor, drink
vt. 饮
 - drink, inhaust

Word: jerk
Front: jerk
[dʒɜ:k] (六托雅宝 5703/5897 -2)
Vocabulary: jerk
(once / 380 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A jerk is a sharp, sudden movement. When you're learning to drive a stick shift, it’s hard to avoid the jerk and lurch when you try to change gears. Jerk is also a very unflattering term for an obnoxious person.
Although you will most commonly hear the derogatory jerk as in "Don't be such a jerk," there are many other meanings of the word. ""Clean and jerk" is an Olympic weightlifting event where you lift a barbell in one "clean" movement, then, in one quick thrust — the jerk — you lift the weight above your head. Jerk can also mean making a sharp, sudden move — like a dog jerks on his chain. You may have eaten jerk, also called jerky — strips of dried meat — handy for lunchboxes and camping.
WORD FAMILY
jerk: jerked, jerker, jerking, jerks, jerky +/jerker: jerkers/jerking: jerkingly, jerkings/ jerky: jerkier, jerkies, jerkily, jerkiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
His hand jerked and the chopper lurched downward.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
When I met him, he was very immature and generally a jerk to almost everyone, including my friends, who all still dislike him.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
DuShane is the author of “Confessions of a Teenage Jesus Jerk.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 猛拉; 把（牛肉）切成薄片晒干
vt. & vi. （使…）猝然一动[颤动]
n. 突然的拉[推，扭]; <医>（肌肉的）痉挛，抽搐; 蠢人; 急促而猛烈的动作，猛地一拉
时态：jerked, jerking, jerks
分布：笨蛋(34%)，猛拉(33%)，急动(25%)，颠簸不稳的(8%)
→词源不详，可能来自拟声词，模仿猛拉，颠簸，嘎吱作响的声音。词义混蛋，二流子可能缩写自俚语jerk off,手淫，手淫坯子。比较wank,wanker.
【记】读：这颗（鲜花），把它猛拉下来。
US [dʒɝ:k] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to make a short sudden movement, or to cause someone or something to do this （使）猝然一动；猛推；急拉
• The car made a strange noise and then jerked to a halt. 汽车发出一声怪响，接着就猛然停住了。
• "What's wrong?" she asked, jerking her head up. “怎么了？”她猛地抬头问道。
■to (force or cause someone or something to) suddenly behave differently, usually by understanding something or becoming active again （使）突然改变行为
• The shock of losing his job jerked him out of his settled lifestyle. 失业的打击一下子改变了他安定的生活方式。
UK [dʒɜ:k] US [dʒɝ:k] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
  Phrasal Verbs  jerk off offensive
■(of a man) to masturbate （男人）手淫
UK [dʒɜ:k] US [dʒɝ:k] noun countable
MOVE 移动
■a quick sudden movement 猛然一动；急拉；急抽
• She pulled the bush out of the ground with a sharp jerk. 她猛一使劲把灌木从地里拔了出来。
• The alarm went off and he woke up with a jerk. 闹钟响后他猛然惊醒。
UK [dʒɜ:k] US [dʒɝ:k] noun countable
PERSON 人 (US also jerk-off) slang
■a stupid person, usually a man （通常指男子）蠢人，头脑简单的人
• You stupid jerk! You've just spilled beer all down my new shirt! 你这个笨蛋！你把啤酒全洒在我的新衬衫上了！
draw, jerk, tow, pull, drag, haul, tug
这组词都有“拖、拉”的意思，其区别是：
draw: 指将人或物朝出力者的方向拖，不涉及力的大小，含平稳意味，常作借喻用。
jerk: 指快而突然地拉。
tow: 特指用绳子或链条等拖或拉本身无动力或无法使用自身动力的东西。
pull: 最普通用词，包含本组其它各词的一些意思，可指朝各个方向拉，侧重一时或突然拉动的动作。
drag: 指沿斜坡而上或水平方向缓慢地拖或拉十分沉重的人或物。作借喻时可指把人硬拉扯过来。
haul: 指用力拖或拉，不涉及方向，多作航海用词。
tug: 多指一阵阵地用力拖或拉，但不一定使被拉的人或物移动。
n. 肌肉抽搐；性情古怪的人；蠢人；急拉
 - ass, nong
vt. 猛拉
 - sweep, hoick

Word: scarf
Front: scarf
[skɑ:f] (中高研四六宝 6140/6554 -1)
Back: n. 围巾，领巾; 嵌接; 桌巾，台巾; （木材，金属，皮革的）嵌接
v. 围（围巾）; 打（领带）; 披（披巾）; 用围巾[台布]围[盖]
时态：scarfed, scarfing, scarfs
分布：围巾(100%)
→词源不详，可能最终来自 sker,弯，转，编织，词源同 ring,crown,shrimp.引申词义围巾， 头巾。
n.围巾,头巾,领巾,领带She wrapped a scarf round her neck.她在脖子上围了一条围巾.
【记】scar伤疤，f肤：皮肤上有伤疤，用围巾来盖住。
US [skɑ:rf] noun countable (plural scarves or scarfs)
 ADVANCED
■a strip, square or triangle of cloth, worn around the neck, head or shoulders to keep you warm or to make you look attractive 围巾，领巾，披巾，头巾
• a knitted/woollen/silk scarf 针织／羊毛／丝绸围巾
UK [skɑ:f] US [skɑ:rf] verb transitive US for scoff (EAT)
n. [服装] 围巾；嵌接，嵌接处；头巾领巾
 - muffler, neckcloth

Word: reformation
Front: reformation
[ˌrefəˈmeɪʃn] (19860/10594 -1)
Vocabulary: reformation
(once / 2514 pages)
n
Reformation means making changes to something with the intention of setting it back on the right path. Your life will be easier after the reformation of the transportation system, when the buses run more frequently.
The act or process of changing a religious, political, or societal institution for the better is called a reformation. When capitalized, the Reformation refers specifically to the Protestant Reformation in Europe, which was a religious change instigated in 1517 by Protestants who wished to reform the Catholic Church. The root of reformation is the Latin word reformare, which means to form again or to change.
WORD FAMILY
reformation: counterreformation, reformations, self-reformation+/deform: deformation, deformed, deforming, deforms/deformation: deformational, deformations/deformed: deformedly, deformity / deformity: deformities/ form: biform, deform, formation, formative, formed, forming, formless, forms, multiform, preform, reform / formation: formations, re-formation/ formative: formatively, formatives/formed: ill-formed, re-formed, unformed/formless: formlessly/preform: preformation, preformed, preforms/preformation: preformations/ reform: reformable, reformation, reformative, reformatory, reformed, reformer, reforming, reformism, reforms/reformable: unreformable/reformatory: reformatories/ reformed: reformedly, unreformed/reformer: reformers/reformism: reformist/reformist: reformists/unformed: unformedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The conceit is that the actors are inmates of a women’s prison, putting on these plays to grapple with questions of revenge, reformation, and forgiveness.
The New Yorker(Dec 02, 2016)
He also welcomed Mendenhall, “buying in” to a cultural reformation.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
“If there was going to be an Islamic reformation in the 20th century, the Saudis probably prevented it by pumping out literalism,” he said.
New York Times(Aug 25, 2016)
Back: n. 改进; 改革; 改善
adj. 改进的; 改革的; 改善的
分布：改造(85%)，变革(15%)
→来自 reform,改革，改正。
n. 革新；改善
 - innovation, improvement, renovation, amendment, renewal

Word: receptor
Front: receptor
[rɪˈseptə(r)] (托 9755/5912 -1)
Back: n. [生]感受器，受体; [电]感受器，接收器; [化]接受器; 感觉器官
分布：受体(95%)，接受器(2%)，感受器(2%)，受话器(1%)
→来自 receive,接收，收到，-pt,过去分词格，-or,表物。引申词义受体。
US [-tɚ] specialized
noun countable
■a nerve ending that reacts to a change, such as heat or cold, in the body by sending a message to the central nervous system 感受器
n. [生化] 受体； [电讯] [生理] 接受器；感觉器官
 - ceptor, holding tank

Word: pedigree
Front: pedigree
[ˈpedɪgri:] (14388/9678 -1)
Vocabulary: pedigree
(once / 1809 pages)
nadj
The noun pedigree refers to the genetic background of an animal, although it is sometimes applied to people as well. A purebred dog, for example, comes with a verified pedigree, a list of all past parentage.
The preoccupation with pedigree isn't new -— the concern for human pedigree can be seen in the Bible, where generations are meticulously recorded. Pedigree, referring to a genealogical chart, appeared in 1410 from the Anglo-French pe de gru, meaning "foot of a crane," referring to the chart’s tree — like lines, which looked like the print of a crane's foot. The importance of pedigree extends to animals such as dogs and horses, with breeders careful to follow the animal's lines to assure "purity."
WORD FAMILY
pedigree: pedigrees
USAGE EXAMPLES
“When you talk about the history and the pedigree of this game, I think that everybody understands it,’’ USC tackle Zach Banner said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
At first, Old World prejudices and hereditary pedigrees prevailed.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Such a pedigree is unlikely in her successor, especially if Sessions is confirmed as the next attorney general.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 血统; 家谱; 血统表
adj. 纯种的; 有血统来源的
分布：血统(40%)，系谱(33%)，家谱(21%)，纯种的(6%)
→来自古法语pied de gru,天鹅的脚爪，来自pied,脚，词源同foot,de,的，gru,天鹅，词源同crane.后拼写通俗化，用于指家谱，因家谱图如同天鹅的脚爪而得名，引申词义门第，世系等。
【记】源于ped脚，家谱写出来得树状图像鹤脚。
noun
countable
■a list of the parents and other relations of an animal （动物的）纯种系谱
• The breeder showed us the dog's pedigree. 饲养员给我们看了这只狗的纯种系谱。
• He breeds pedigree poodles/cattle (= ones whose parents and other relations are all of the same breed). 他饲养纯种狮子狗／牛。
countable or uncountable
■a person's family history, education and experience, or the history of an idea or activity （人的）家谱，门第，世系；（某一想法或活动的）起源，由来
• His voice and manner suggested an aristocratic pedigree. 他的发音和举止显示他出身贵族。
• Isolationism has a long and respectable pedigree in American history. 孤立主义在美国历史上由来已久并受到推崇。
n. [遗] 血统；家谱
 - birth, blood, stem, stock
adj. 纯种的
 - clean-bred, pursang

Word: swoon
Front: swoon
[swu:n] (17769/25549)
Vocabulary: swoon
(once / 1287 pages)
vn
To swoon is to faint, due to lack of blood to the brain. Illness, fear, stress, and even happiness can cause people to swoon.
Swoon is an old-fashioned way to say "pass out": back in the day, ladies in corsets were always swooning at the slightest stress or smallest nod from a handsome man. Although this word technically means "to faint," today it has more of a positive connotation and isn't used so literally — people say they swoon when they encounter something so wonderful it makes them dizzy with joy. Chocolate cupcakes, the perfect dress, or a stellar home run could make you swoon.
WORD FAMILY
swoon: swooned, swooning, swoons+/swooning: swooningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Does the Trump team really think private-equity investors will swoon over repairing plumbing?
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
At the Democratic convention in July, I watched an arena of people lose their cool and swoon over her.
The Guardian(Dec 03, 2016)
Louisville’s late-season swoon is being more harshly penalized — which might be fair considering the teams it lost to the last two weeks.
Seattle Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: vi. & n. <文>昏厥，昏倒
时态：swooned, swooning, swoons
分布：晕倒(54%)，昏厥(40%)，动感情(6%)
→来自中古英语 swonen,昏厥，昏倒，来自古英语 swogan,窒息，闷死，发出嗯嗯声，来自 Proto-Germanic*swogana,发出嗯嗯声，来自 swaghe,哭喊，嚎哭，哀号，词源同 sough, 飒飒声响。引申比喻义痴迷，迷得神魂颠倒等。
verb intransitive
■to feel a lot of pleasure, love, etc. because of something or someone 狂喜；神魂颠倒
• The audience swooned with delight. 观众欣喜若狂。
■old-fashioned literary
■to faint 昏厥，晕倒
[swu:n] noun countable old-fashioned literary
■a faint (= state of suddenly becoming unconscious) 昏厥，晕倒
vi. 昏晕；惊讶；着迷
 - wonder, revel in
n. 昏晕；狂喜
 - transport, ecstasy

Word: yoga
Front: yoga
[ˈjəʊgə] (雅 7878/17090 -1)
Vocabulary: yoga
(once / 2349 pages)
n
Yoga is an ancient form of physical and mental exercise that is still popular today. It involves lots of stretching and holding poses with funny names, like "downward dog."
The kind of yoga that most westerners practice is based on "hatha yoga," the most familiar part of a complex Hindu system of meditation and spiritual practice. Yoga is an extremely popular form of exercise today, but it's been around for centuries. The word yoga was first used in English around 1820, when western intellectuals were first becoming interested in Hindu philosophy — it's a Sanskrit word that means "union."
WORD FAMILY
yoga: yogas, yogic, yogistic
USAGE EXAMPLES
In contrast, there’s something soothingly achievable about “Relax into Yoga for Seniors: A Six-Week Program for Strength, Balance, Flexibility and Pain Relief.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
She was about to leave her home in Washington, D.C., to teach a Sunday morning yoga class.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
I started doing yoga twice a week to get rid of headaches.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 瑜伽，喻家派; 瑜伽（术），瑜伽修行法
分布：名词(100%)
→来自梵语yoga,连接，天人合一，来自yeug,连接，词源同join,joke。原指一种精神修行方法，以达到灵魂与天的合一，但后来越来越忽视了精神层面的锻炼，而注重于身体的柔和，手脚合一。
US ['joʊ-] noun uncountable
■a set of physical and mental exercises, Indian in origin, which is intended to give control over the body and mind （源于印度的）瑜伽术
• a yoga class 瑜伽课
■a Hindu system of philosophy which aims to unite the self with god 瑜伽派（印度一哲学体系）

Word: trailer
Front: trailer
[ˈtreɪlə(r)] (4062/7912 -2)
Vocabulary: trailer
(once / 1925 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A trailer is a wheeled vehicle that can't move on its own — it needs to be pulled by a car, truck, or other vehicle. Some bike-riding parents tow their small children behind them in bicycle trailers.
The trailer you might put a boat on, hitching it to your truck, trails behind the vehicle that's pulling it. Another meaning of trailer is a film preview or advertisement that theaters show before a movie. It might seem strange to call it a trailer when it comes first, but the earliest trailers, at the start of the 20th century, came after the movie, trailing it.
WORD FAMILY
trailer: semitrailer, trailers+/semitrailer: semitrailers/ trail: trailed, trailer, trailing, trails/trailing: trailings
USAGE EXAMPLES
A preliminary investigation shows two Fairfax men were traveling in a truck with a lowboy flatbed trailer attached.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
The driver wasn’t hurt, but the truck and trailer were deemed a total loss.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It was clear from all the enraged comments on the YouTube trailer that a certain segment of the population wouldn’t be satisfied no matter what.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 拖车; 追踪者; <美>拖车式活动房屋; （电影或电视节目的）预告片
vt. 用拖车运
vi. 乘拖带式居住车旅行
分布：拖车(66%)，预告片(25%)，活动房(3%)，追踪者(3%)，住在拖车(1%)，用拖车运(1%)，乘拖车(1%)
→trail,拖，拉，-er,表物。引申词义拖车，拉车，后用于指电影预先片，即先拖出来的东西。 train 火车，列车，行列，一系列，训练，受训
US [-lɚ] noun countable
VEHICLE 车辆
■a box on wheels that is pulled by a car and is used for taking things from one place to another 拖车；挂车
• The car was pulling a trailer with motorcycle on it. 这辆汽车拖着一辆挂车，挂车上面载着一辆摩托车。
■the separate back part of a large truck （大货车的）挂车
US for * a caravan (= wheeled vehicle for living or travelling in)
UK ['treɪ.lər] US [-lɚ] noun countable
ADVERTISEMENT 广告
■an advertisement for a film, or television or radio programme, consisting of short parts taken from it （影视节目、广播的）预告片
• I saw a trailer for the latest Spielberg film. 我看了史匹柏最新一部电影的预告片。
n. [车辆] 拖车； [电视] 预告片；追踪者
 - articulated lorry, tow truck

Word: dickens
Front: dickens
['dɪkɪnz] (29026/7241)
Vocabulary: dickens
(once / 7870 pages)
n
Use the noun dickens for emphasis, or to express surprise — for example, you might ask, "What the dickens is this goat doing in the kitchen?"
The old-fashioned dickens is a gentle and inoffensive replacement for a profanity. Instead of shocking your grandmother by cursing, you can instead say, "After shoveling all that snow, my back hurts like the dickens." This exclamation has been around since the late 1500's, when it became a substitute for devil, but no one's sure exactly why dickens was used. It may be from the last name Dickens, though it definitely pre-dates the writer Charles Dickens.
WORD FAMILY
dickens: dickenses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I thought, ‘What in the dickens is that?’ ” he said in his video account.
Washington Post(Dec 05, 2016)
“Sometimes I have a dickens of a time keeping track of them,” she says.
Washington Times(Jul 05, 2016)
“You can plant it early in the spring, and it’s tough as the dickens.”
The Guardian(Jun 12, 2016)
Back: n. 魔鬼
分布：究竟(100%)
→来自devil的委婉语或来自dick.
['dɪk.ɪnz] old-fashioned informal
plural noun
the dickens
■used in questions to express anger or surprise （用于问句中表示气恼或惊异）究竟，到底
• What the dickens are you doing with that paint? 你拿着那油漆到底在干甚么？
n. 魔鬼（等于devil）
 - devil, demon, Old Scratch

Word: geo
Front: geo
[gjəʊ] (-/39175)
Back: n. 海门口，陡壁峡口，长狭潮道
分布：地理学(60%)，土地(40%)
n. 长狭潮道；海湾
 - bay, gulf

Word: enviable
Front: enviable
[ˈenviəbl] (17454/15019 -1)
Vocabulary: enviable
(once / 2153 pages)
adj
Things that are enviable are so good that other people want them. People desire enviable things.
Enviable things are so desirable that everybody wants them. A high-paying job is enviable. A vacation in the Caribbean is enviable. Winning the lottery is very enviable. Anytime someone does something impressive or buys something cool, it's likely to be described with the word enviable. Also, a sports team with a big lead could be described as being in an enviable position: other teams would like to be in their position.
WORD FAMILY
enviable: enviably, unenviable+/ envious: enviously, enviousness/ envy: enviable, envied, envies, envious, envying/unenviable: unenviably
USAGE EXAMPLES
While they understand the challenges, Republicans are nonetheless jubilant at their enviable position.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Two A-list actors with male-model good looks, adoring fan clubs, talented wives, and enviable young families.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
Sister Rachel enjoys her solitude - but she's in the enviable position of choosing to be alone.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 值得羡慕的; 引起妒忌的
分布：可羡慕的(63%)，令人欣羡的(37%)
adjective
■If someone is in an enviable situation, you wish you were also in that situation 令人羡慕的
• She's in the enviable position of being able to choose who she works for. 她能够自己选择为谁工作，真令人羡慕。

Word: decency
Front: decency
[ˈdi:snsi] (宝 10391/9570 -1)
Vocabulary: decency
(once / 1025 pages)
n
The personal quality of decency is one of honesty, good manners, and respect for other people.
Over time, decency has referred to manners, but today decency is mainly a strong sense of right and wrong, and a high standard of honesty. When a criminal or dictator does horrible things, people assume they have no sense of decency. When a tasteless or violent TV show becomes popular, some people wonder if society has lost its sense of decency. Asking "Have you no decency?" is a serious question, unless you're being silly and complaining about something like homework.
WORD FAMILY
decency: decencies+/ decent: decency, decenter, decentest, decently, indecent / indecency: indecencies/ indecent: indecency, indecenter, indecently
USAGE EXAMPLES
It played like an average, unreliable squad that settles for decency, squints when the lights are bright and fails to maximize its best attributes.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
“It’s a disgrace. . . . It was a situation way beyond decency.”
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Dialogue and decency: In today’s hyper-polarized political climate, these are as rare as unicorns.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 正派; 正直; 体面; 社会上高尚文雅行为的标准
分布：体面(48%)，礼貌(33%)，得体(16%)，行为规范.(3%)
noun
uncountable
■behaviour that is good, moral and acceptable in society 正直，正派；正经
• a sense of decency 正义感
• [+ to infinitive] She didn't even have the decency to apologize. 她竟然没有诚意道歉。
the decencies [plural] UK old-fashioned
■the acceptable or expected ways of doing something 规矩；礼仪；行为准则
• I hate going to funerals, but you must observe the decencies (= it is something you should do). 我讨厌出席葬礼，但这是基本的礼仪不得不去。
n. 正派；体面；庄重；合乎礼仪；礼貌
 - respectability, civility

Word: intelligentsia
Front: intelligentsia
[ɪnˌtelɪˈdʒentsiə] (17796/13067 -1)
Vocabulary: intelligentsia
(once / 18297 pages)
n
These people are more than class presidents and valedictorians. They're more than super nerds. They're the intelligentsia, the intellectual superstars of society.
This adjective for the big-brained elite kind of sounds like the mob — a very, very nerdy mob. It's true, the intelligentsia are the most erudite artists, writers, pundits and thinkers around. They all hang out together to trade brilliant ideas and debate the most heady issues of the day. And because no one else ever has any idea what they're talking about.
WORD FAMILY
intelligentsia
USAGE EXAMPLES
To them, undomesticated crassness meant that he wasn’t one of the intelligentsia or the political elite.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
His biggest worry was that capitalism was producing its own gravediggers in the form of an anti-capitalist intelligentsia.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
It’s been retweeted thousands of times, gaining fawning praise from much of the liberal intelligentsia.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 知识分子; 知识界
分布：知识阶层(100%)
→来自intelligent,聪明的，有才智的。
知识界(intilligent知识分子+ia)[-ia 1.表名词"某种病"2.表名词"总称,状态"]
N-SING-COLL
知识分子;知识阶层;知识界
The intelligentsia in a country or community are the most educated people there, especially those interested in the arts, philosophy, and politics.
例：I was not high up enough in the intelligentsia to be invited to such exalted meetings.我在知识界的资历还没有高到能受邀参加这种盛会。
n. 知识分子；知识界
 - intellectual community, clerisy

Word: kathmandu
Front: kathmandu
[ˈkɑ:tmɑ:nˈdu:] (-/29380)
Back: n. 加德满都（尼泊尔首都）
分布：=Katmandu.(100%)

Word: mercantile
Front: mercantile
[ˈmɜ:kəntaɪl] (托雅宝 19718/16685 -1)
Vocabulary: mercantile
(once / 1490 pages)
adj
What do merchants want to do? Buy and sell things to make a profit. The adjective mercantile describes these kinds of efforts and goals.
Many people have mercantile dreams of opening a store where they can sell things they love and interact with people in their community. Sometimes, however, the word mercantile has negative connotations. Exploiting factory workers, polluting the environment, wasting natural resources? All these reflect the dark side of the mercantile pursuit of profit.
WORD FAMILY
mercantile: mercantilism, mercantily
USAGE EXAMPLES
West Texas Intermediate for February delivery dropped 29 cents, to $53.77 a barrel, on the New York Mercantile Exchange.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
ENERGY: Benchmark U.S. crude shed 11 cents to $53.79 a barrel in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
ENERGY: Benchmark U.S. crude gained 5 cents to $53.07 a barrel in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 贸易的，商业的，商人的; 重商主义的
分布：商业的(55%)，贸易的(45%)
→来自拉丁语mercari,交易，买卖，词源同market.引申词义商业的，贸易的。
商人的(merchant商人)[-ile 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"物体"]
【记】源于：merchant（n 商人）
US ['mɝ:-] adjective formal
■related to trade or business 贸易的；商业的
adj. 商业的；商人的；重商主义的
 - commercial, shoppy
n. 商品
 - goods, wares, merchantable product

Word: nippon
Front: nippon
[niˈpɔn] (-/25522)
Back: <日>日本
分布：日本(100%)

Word: nepotism
Front: nepotism
[ˈnepətɪzəm] (宝 22988/23078)
Vocabulary: nepotism
(once / 16462 pages)
n
Nepotism is the practice of favoritism based on kinship, like when the coach chooses his own kid to be the quarterback even if his kid stinks at football.
The word nepotism comes from the Italian word for nephew, nepote. Apparently back in the 17th century a lot of people tended to promote their nephews to powerful positions at the expense of other candidates. Nepotism has come to mean favoritism of any family member, so if you’re the daughter of a powerful CEO, don’t worry, you can still be the beneficiary of nepotism. However, people might not like you when you become the Vice President, unless you’ve really earned the title.
WORD FAMILY
nepotism: nepotist+/nepotist: nepotists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ms. Park is unmarried, childless and estranged from her siblings, a status that she said would free her from nepotism and break the pattern.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“The transition seems well planned and on track, despite the fact that allegations of nepotism and conflicts of interest will hamper him constantly.”
The Guardian(Nov 25, 2016)
Her husband is trying to find away around nepotism laws that prevent him from working in the White House.
BBC(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 优待亲戚，重用亲戚，裙带关系
分布：裙带关系(75%)，任人唯亲(25%)
→来自nepot,孙子，孙女，词源同niece,nephew.引申词义裙带关系。
【记】nepot＝nephew侄子，ism一对侄子偏爱－任人唯亲
['nep.ə.tɪ.zəm] disapproving
noun uncountable
■using your power or influence to get good jobs or unfair advantages for members of your own family 任人唯亲；裙带关系
• He was guilty of nepotism and corruption. 他任人唯亲且贪污腐化。
n. [劳经] 裙带关系；起用亲戚
 - networking through petticoat influence

Word: miraculous
Front: miraculous
[mɪˈrækjələs] (托宝 9336/11303 -1)
Vocabulary: miraculous
(once / 628 pages)
adj
A miraculous occurrence can be providential or heaven-sent, or just peculiarly fortunate and appropriate. In any event, as the word suggests, it has the character of a miracle.
The adjective miraculous has origins in the Latin word miraculum, meaning "object of wonder." It's often used to describe religious happenings, such as a direct answer to one's prayer. In a more secular context, a "miraculous comeback" is when a football team that's down by 30 points at halftime ends up winning the Super Bowl.
WORD FAMILY
miraculous: miraculously+/ miracle: miracles, miraculous
USAGE EXAMPLES
But, he added, “the miraculous effects anticipated by some of the new supply side enthusiasts were, alas, without substance.”
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
It was, she says, "miraculous that I survived".
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
I watched with no small awe as Jason initially experienced a seemingly miraculous recovery.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 奇迹般的; 不可思议的; 神奇
分布：不可思议的(73%)，奇迹的(27%)
→来自miracle,奇迹。
奇迹般的(miracle+ulous)[mir=wonder,look,表示"惊奇,看"]
adjective
■very effective or surprising or difficult to believe 奇迹般的；令人惊奇的；不可思议的
• The diet promised miraculous weight-loss. 有人保证说按照这个食谱进餐就会有非凡的减肥效果。
• Well, you've made a miraculous recovery since last night! 哇，才一个晚上你便奇迹似地康复了！
adj. 不可思议的，奇迹的
 - magic, mysterious, fantastic

Word: oblivion
Front: oblivion
[əˈblɪviən] (托 12315/11679 -1)
Vocabulary: oblivion
(once / 666 pages)
n
Oblivion is the state of being forgotten. If you slip into oblivion after selling one record, then your only hope is becoming a "VH1 one-hit wonder."
Oblivion can also mean "total forgetfulness" — like what patients with dementia or new parents feel. If you find yourself putting the crackers in the fridge and milk in the cupboards, or forgetting your own phone number, you might be experiencing oblivion. Enjoy it while it lasts.
WORD FAMILY
oblivion: oblivions, oblivious +/ oblivious: obliviously, obliviousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
What my sister “does” is drugs and drink into oblivion.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Facing no U.S. deterrent, Russia stepped in and decisively altered the balance, pounding the rebels in Aleppo to oblivion.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
He is a madman whose only wish is to bomb Iran into oblivion.
Slate(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 遗忘; 淹没; 赦免
分布：遗忘(76%)，忘却(24%)
→来自拉丁语oblivio,忘记，遗忘，来自oblino,涂抹，抹掉，-v,印欧语词干。来自ob-,相对，对着的，-lino,涂抹，词源同liniment,delete,obliterate.比喻用法。
忘却,忘记(ob[ob-表示"逆,倒,加强意义"]+liv活＋ion→[记忆]不活了→忘记)
遗忘[obliv=forget(忘记)]
noun uncountable
NO MEMORY 无记忆
■the state of being completely forgotten 被遗忘，被忘却；湮没
• He was another minor poet, perhaps unfairly consigned to oblivion. 他也许又是一位怀才不遇、湮没无闻的小诗人。
• These toys will be around for a year or two, then fade/slide/sink into oblivion. 这些玩具会风行一两年，然后渐渐被人遗忘。
■the state of being completely destroyed 完全被毁灭；彻底被消灭
• The planes bombed the city into oblivion. 飞机将该市炸成一片废墟。
[ə'blɪv.i.ən] noun uncountable
UNCONSCIOUS 无意识
■the state of being unconscious 无知觉，无意识；不省人事
• He sought oblivion in a bottle of whisky. 他试图用一瓶威士忌酒来忘却一切。
n. 遗忘；湮没；赦免
 - misplacement, absolution

Word: painstaking
Front: painstaking
[ˈpeɪnzteɪkɪŋ] (托雅宝 14458/13779 -1)
Vocabulary: painstaking
(once / 2081 pages)
adj
If you notice that painstaking is composed of pains and taking, you already have a pretty clear sense of what this adjective means: to be painstaking is to be so careful—so meticulous, so thorough that it hurts.
Painstaking is most commonly paired with detail — in fact, writers might like to avoid the phrase “painstaking detail” as clichéd. In contemporary usage, the agony implied by the word often seems to be shared by both the person who makes a painstaking effort and the person confronted with the fruits of that labor: “Gertrude’s ability to appear politely interested was tested as her dinner companion related his painstaking attempts to establish himself as the true heir to the British throne.”
WORD FAMILY
painstaking: painstakingly, painstakingness
USAGE EXAMPLES
What seemed like effortless mayhem on the screen was the result of a painstaking — and unorthodox — directing approach.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
There the crew of 24 was released after 11 days of painstaking diplomacy.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
The dial is black gold, the result of a painstaking process that turns yellow gold black.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. （不辞）劳苦的，辛苦的; 煞费苦心的; 苦干的，辛勤的; 小心的
n. 苦干，刻苦; 勤勉; 辛苦; 煞费苦心
分布：辛苦(47%)，苦心(28%)，工夫(8%)，辛苦的(8%)，勤勉的(6%)，十分小心的(3%)
→pain,疼痛，-s,复数后缀，taking,承担。比喻用法。
【记】pains痛；辛苦，taking拿：拿出辛苦－辛苦的
【反】cursory（adj 粗略草率的）；slipshod（adj 漫不经心的）
adjective
■extremely careful and correct, and using a lot of effort 认真仔细的，精心的，费尽心思的
• It took months of painstaking research to write the book. 这本书是经过好几个月的苦心研究才写出来的。
• He was described by his colleagues as a painstaking journalist. 同事都把他描述成一名认真而严谨的记者。
adj. 艰苦的；勤勉的；小心的
 - careful, tough, rough, diligent
n. 辛苦；勤勉
 - industry, diligence

Word: pendulum
Front: pendulum
[ˈpendjələm] (研六托雅宝 12582/14260 -1)
Vocabulary: pendulum
(once / 2110 pages)
n
A pendulum is something hanging and swinging freely from a fixed point. A grandfather clock might use for timekeeping a pendulum that swings back and forth.
Pendulum comes from the Latin word pendulous, meaning "hanging down." If someone hangs a pocket watch in front of you and swings it back and forth, saying, "You're getting very sleepy," they're mimicking the movement of a pendulum. We also use the word pendulum to describe a situation moving between two poles or across a spectrum, like the balance of power in a multiparty political system.
WORD FAMILY
pendulum: pendulums
USAGE EXAMPLES
The work will cost £29m and involve repairs to the clock's hands, mechanism and pendulum.
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
The work, which will begin early in the new year, will cost £29m and involve repairs to the clock's hands, mechanism and pendulum.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
“The pendulum, in my opinion, is already moving back to the left.”
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 摆，钟摆; 摇摆不定的事态（或局面）
分布：钟摆(84%)，摆锤(14%)，摇摆不定(2%)
→来自拉丁语pendulum,悬挂物，来自拉丁语pendere,悬挂，称量，支付，来自spend,*spen,拉，伸，词源同dependent,pension.
钟摆(pend+ulum东西→摆着的东西→钟摆)[pend,pens=hang,表示"悬挂"]
n.摆,钟摆His comprehensive apprehension about the appendix of the pendulum is obvious.他的广泛的关于这个摆的附录的忧虑明显.
【记】pend挂，ulum－挂的东西－钟摆
US [-dʒə.ləm] noun
countable
■a device consisting of a weight on a stick or thread which moves from one side to the other, especially one which forms a part of some types of clocks 摆，摆锤；（尤指）钟摆
• The pendulum in the grandfather clock swung back and forth. 落地钟的钟摆来回摆动。
• The spaceship's jets were fired periodically to dampen a side-to-side pendulum motion that had developed. 太空船的喷射装置周期性地喷射，以减缓太空船出现的左右摇摆现象。
only singular
■a change, especially from one opinion to an opposite one 摇摆不定的事态或局面；（尤指）观点的摇摆不定
• As so often in education, the pendulum has swung back to the other extreme and testing is popular again. 人们的观点又回到了另一个极端，考试又流行起来了，这种摇摆不定的现象在教育界经常出现。

Word: ozone
Front: ozone
[ˈəʊzəʊn] (研托 6010/4898 -2)
Vocabulary: ozone
(once / 2609 pages)
n
Ozone is a colorless toxic gas formed from oxygen by an electrical discharge. It’s that stuff in the sky that comes between you and the sun.
If there weren’t a hole in the ozone layer, you’d probably hear the word ozone much less often. Certainly, we should be thankful that the powerful ozone is up there protecting us from the sun’s rays, but you don’t want to encounter ozone closer to the ground — it’s toxic. It also has a very strong smell, which is how it got its name; a German chemist took the name from the Greek ozon, meaning "to smell."
WORD FAMILY
ozone: ozonise, ozonize+/ozonise: ozonised, ozonises/ozonize: ozonized
USAGE EXAMPLES
Later, the labs investigated whether nuclear war might cause dangerous climatic effects, such as catastrophic ozone depletion or “nuclear winter.”
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
But that doesn’t mean we aren’t concerned with the quality of air in Denver and the health consequences of high ozone levels.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
It’s part of the lessons he hoped to instill at this week’s 13th annual Ozone Christmas Baseball Camp at Riverside Military Academy.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. [化]臭氧; 清新空气
分布：臭氧(99%)，新鲜空气(1%)
→来自希腊语ozein,闻，嗅，散发气味，来自od,词源同odor,olfactory.-one,化学名词后缀。字母d,z音变，比较Zeus,deus(拉丁语，神).
n.臭氧;(海岸等的)新鲜空气
US ['oʊ.zoʊn] noun uncountable
■a poisonous form of oxygen 臭氧
UK informal
■air that is clean and pleasant to breathe, especially near the sea （尤指海边的）新鲜空气

Word: pint
Front: pint
[paɪnt] (高研四六 -/3977 -K2)
Vocabulary: pint
(once / 478 pages)
n
A pint is a unit of measurement. A US liquid pint is the same as sixteen ounces — you could order a pint of iced coffee at your local cafe, but it may just confuse the barista.
The term pint is more familiar in Britain than the US, although it's used to measure goods in both places. If you order a pint in a pub, you'll get a large glass holding one fluid pint of beer, and in the UK you can also buy pints of milk. British pints are larger than their US counterparts, though — both countries consider a pint to be one-eighth of a gallon, but an Imperial gallon (in Britain or Ireland) is larger.
WORD FAMILY
pint: pints
USAGE EXAMPLES
A pint The only man who’s allowed a pint the morning after is Danny Dyer, and only if he’s at Gatwick.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
He recalled how Rommel asked if he needed anything and he replied "a pint of beer, cigarettes and a good meal".
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
He cut down on his vices but vowed not to become a “born-again Christian” and continued to enjoy the “odd pint”.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 品脱; 一品脱的量器或容器; 一品脱容器的东西
分布：名词(100%)
→来自古法语pinte,品脱，容量单位，可能来自拉丁语picta,描绘的，标记的，来自pingere,描绘，标记，词源同picture,pigment.
n.品脱I hint that the faint saint painted the printer with a pint of paint.我暗示说虚弱的圣徒用了一品脱油漆涂印刷机.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a measure for liquid equal to about half a litre 品脱（液量单位，约等于半升）
• a pint of milk 一品脱牛奶
• a pint of beer 一品脱啤酒
■UK informal
■a pint of beer 一品脱啤酒；一杯啤酒
• He usually goes out for a pint at lunchtime. 他午餐时间通常会出去喝杯啤酒。

Word: reverence
Front: reverence
[ˈrevərəns] (托 10327/11842 -1)
Vocabulary: reverence
(once / 278 pages)
nv
Reverence is a feeling of deep respect or awe — like what you have for a president, a hero, or a favorite football player.
Reverence can be a feeling of awe, and it can also describe how you treat someone, particularly when used with the word with. To treat someone "with reverence" is to show them intense respect. Your friends may respect you for your loyalty, though they probably do not bow to you with reverence every day.
WORD FAMILY
reverence: reverenced, reverences, reverencing, reverential +/ irreverence: irreverences/ irreverent: irreverence, irreverently/ revere: revered, reverent, reveres, revering/ reverent: irreverent, reverence, reverenter, reverently / reverential: reverentially
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tu’ikolovatu said he tried to become one of the guys, but because of his age, his teammates usually treated him with a special reverence.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The reverence and awe with which Saban is treated by the populace — well, I recognized that instantly.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s as eye-opening for Jamie as “Sisterhood Is Powerful,” the radical feminist anthology that he first opens with almost spiritual reverence — or is it trepidation?
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 尊敬，敬畏; 敬礼; 受尊敬; 尊严
vt. 尊敬; 崇敬; 敬畏
时态：reverenced, reverencing, reverences
分布：崇敬(39%)，尊敬(29%)，敬畏(28%)，尊严(4%)
尊敬(revere尊敬)[-ence表名词"性质,状态"]
【参】reverend（adj 可尊敬的；n 教士；牧师）
US [-ɚ.ənts] noun uncountable
■a feeling of respect or admiration for someone or something 尊敬；崇敬
• She has/shows/feels great reverence for her professors. 她对教她的那些教授们很崇敬。
n. 崇敬；尊严；敬礼
 - dignity, sanctity
vt. 敬畏；尊敬
 - honor, fear, regard, worship

Word: salutary
Front: salutary
[ˈsæljətri] (托宝 19993/14435)
Vocabulary: salutary
(once / 1703 pages)
adj
Use salutary to describe something that's good for your health, like the salutary benefits of exercise, laughter, and getting enough sleep every night.
When you look at the word salutary, you might expect it to have something to do with showing respect to military personnel, perhaps by saluting. In fact, salutary and salute do share a Latin root: salus, which means "good health." When you salute someone, or say "Salud!" before clinking glasses and taking a first sip, you're essentially giving your salutary wish — in other words, hoping a person enjoys good health.
WORD FAMILY
salutary: salutarily
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s salutary to read just how many visitors were repulsed by the dire poverty and moral turpitude they encountered.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
In the wake of Brexit, it is a salutary read.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The result is a salutary visual grit, which anchors Hurtado’s contradictorily evanescent forms.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 有益的，效果好的
分布：有益的(75%)，有益健康的(15%)，有用的(10%)
→来自拉丁语 salutis,健康的，有益处的，词源同 salute.-ary,形容词后缀。
(对身心)有益的(salut[=salv]+ary→救助[身体]的→有益的)[salvsav=save,表示"救助"]
有益健康的[salu=health(健康)]
【记】sa三，lu鹿（茸），tary－有益健康的
【反】unhealthy＝deleterious＝pernicious（adj 有害的）
US [-ter.i] formal
adjective
■causing improvement of behaviour or character （对行为或性格的改善）有益的
• a salutary experience 有益的经验
• a salutary reminder of the dangers of mountain climbing 对登山危险性的有益提醒
adj. 有益的，有用的；有益健康的
 - useful, beneficial, helpful, conducive, advantageous

Word: seawater
Front: seawater
['si:wɒtə] (14585/27792)
Back: n. 海水; 海流
分布：海水(100%)
n. 海水
 - marine water, saline water

Word: shaft
Front: shaft
[ʃɑ:ft] (研六托雅 5366/4733 -2)
Vocabulary: shaft
(once / 327 pages)
1nv 2n 3nv
The noun shaft refers to something that resembles a long, thin pole, such as the long part of an arrow between the tip and the feathers.
The word shaft can describe all kinds of things that are long and thin, such a shaft of light or a spear or the handle of a golf club or the midsection of a long bone. A shaft can also be a long narrow tunnel, generally one that runs straight up and down, such as a mine shaft or an elevator shaft. You might think these items don’t have much in common, but think about their shape: they’re all long, straight, and thin.
WORD FAMILY
shaft: shafted, shafting, shafts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Naval Institute says the engineering failure locked both propeller shafts, forcing it to transit the canal with the help of tugs.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Eventually, he realized that the shaft had come slightly loose.
Golf Digest(Dec 01, 2016)
He also likes the control provided by heavier shafts.
Golf Digest(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 柄，轴; 矛，箭; 〈非〉嘲笑; 光线
vt. 给…装上杆柄; 〈俚〉苛刻的对待
时态：shafted, shafting, shafts
分布：轴(87%)，竖井(4%)，柄(3%)，矛(3%)，杆状物(1%)，装杆于(1%)，苛刻地对待(1%)
→来自古英语 sceaft,杆，柄 ，轴，矛，来自 Proto-Germanic*skaftaz,杆，来自 skep,削，砍， 词源同 ship,shape.引申词义竖井，井筒。
n.轴;杆状物The archers sent their shafts through the air.弓箭手把箭射了出去.
【记】我们熟悉的意思是“光线”，与柄相象。
US [ʃæft] noun countable
POLE 杆
■a pole or rod which forms the handle of a tool or weapon （工具或武器的）杆，柄
• the shaft of a golf club 高尔夫球杆的柄
■a rod which forms part of a machine such as an engine, and which turns in order to pass power on to the machine （机器的）轴
• the drive shaft of a car 汽车的驱动轴
• the propeller shaft of an aircraft 飞机的螺旋桨轴
⇒ See also crankshaft
shaft of light
■a beam of light 一道光，一束光
• A shaft of (sun)light came through the open door. 一道（阳）光穿过敞开的门射了进来。
UK [ʃɑ:ft] US [ʃæft] noun countable
PASSAGE 通道
■a long, either vertical or sloping, passage through a building or through the ground 井状通道；井穴
• a UKlift/ USelevator shaft 电梯井
• a ventilation/air shaft 通风井
• a well shaft 井道
UK [ʃɑ:ft] US [ʃæft] noun countable
REMARK 话 literary
■a clever remark, especially one that is intended as an attack on someone or something 机智的话；（尤指）攻击性的话
• John came out with an unexpected shaft of wit/wisdom. 约翰出人意料地妙语如珠。
UK [ʃɑ:ft] US [ʃæft] noun countable
TREATMENT 待遇
the shaft US informal
■unfair treatment 侮辱；责难；不公平待遇
• After years of loyal service, his boss gave him the shaft by firing him just before he would have qualified for a pension. 他忠实地工作了多年，当他就要获得领退休金的资格时，他的老板却无情地解雇了他。
UK [ʃɑ:ft] US [ʃæft] verb transitive informal
■to cheat or trick someone in order to get money unfairly from them 蒙骗，欺骗
• She was shafted by her agent over the film rights to her book. 她在书的电影版权问题上受到经纪人欺骗。

Word: solace
Front: solace
[ˈsɒləs] (宝 11896/18592 -1)
Vocabulary: solace
(once / 1072 pages)
nv
If something eases your disappointment or grief, consider it a solace. If you're sad, you might find solace in music or in talking to your friends.
It is no surprise that consolation and solace are similar in meaning as they share a root in the Latin verb sōlārī "to comfort." In fact, solace and consolation are synonyms meaning relief from grief or disappointment. When you go to sleepaway camp, your parents will miss you, but they'll find solace in knowing that you are having fun.
WORD FAMILY
solace: solaced, solacement, solaces, solacing+/solacement: solacements
USAGE EXAMPLES
But while the prospects for hope are scarce there is, none the less, one thing from which we might draw solace.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Ms. Fisher’s literary legacy seemed to offer some solace to fans mourning her death this week, at age 60.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Still, there was solace: The Knicks looked alive on defense and on the boards.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 安慰，安慰物
vt. 安慰，慰藉; 减轻; 使快乐
时态：solaced, solacing, solaces
分布：安慰(63%)，慰藉(30%)，使快乐(3%)，使安慰(2%)，使缓和(2%)
→来自拉丁语 solacium,安慰，慰藉，使舒适，来自 solari,安慰，使欢乐，来自 sol,同情， 友善，词源同 silly,console.
安慰(sol+ace→给人太阳→安慰)[Sol=sun,表示"太阳"]
【记】so，lace（n 蕾丝花边）：用蕾丝花边安慰你女友受伤的心灵。
【参】console（v 安慰）
US ['sɑ:.lɪs] literary
noun [S or U]
■help and comfort when you are feeling sad or worried 安慰，抚慰，慰藉
• When his wife left him, he found solace in the bottle (= drank alcohol). 妻子离开他之后，他借酒消愁。
• Music was a great solace to me. 音乐对我来说是一种很好的慰藉。
UK ['sɒl.ɪs] US ['sɑ:.lɪs] literary
verb transitive
■to give help and comfort to someone when they are feeling sad or worried 安慰，安抚
n. 安慰；慰藉；安慰之物
 - comfort, relief, consolation

Word: tantalising

Word: waiter
Front: waiter
[ˈweɪtə(r)] (高研四六雅 5460/5772 -K2)
Back: n. 侍者; 服务员; 托盘
分布：侍者(100%)
→来自wait,等待。
n.侍者,服务员In the faithful waiter's waist exists a list of the ten listeners.在忠实的侍者的腰里存有那十位听众的名单.
US [-ɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a man whose job is to bring the food to customers at their tables in a restaurant （餐馆的）男侍者，男服务员
attendant, servant, waiter
这组词都有“服务员”的意思，其区别是：
attendant: 多指跟随某人并为其服务的人。也可指一般意义的“服务员”。
servant: 指吃住在他人家为挣工资而干活的人，也指被雇用的人或指广义的“公仆”。
waiter: 指在饭店、旅馆等处的男服务员，女服务员为waitress。
n. 服务员，侍者
 - service man, porter

Word: addictive
Front: addictive
[əˈdɪktɪv] (托 10283/8209 -1)
Back: adj. 使成瘾的; 上瘾的; 易令人沉溺的
分布：使人上瘾的(100%)
adjective
 ADVANCED
■An addictive drug is one which you cannot stop taking once you have started 使人上瘾的
• Tobacco is highly addictive. 烟草极易使人上瘾。
 ADVANCED
■describes an activity or food that you cannot stop doing or eating once you have started （活动或食品）使人上瘾的，使人入迷的
• The problem with video games is that they're addictive. 电子游戏的问题在于它们会使人上瘾。
• These nuts are addictive - I can't stop eating them. 这些坚果让人上瘾，我一吃就停不了口。
addictive personality
■a set of characteristics which mean that you very quickly become addicted to drugs, food, alcohol, etc. 成瘾个性
• He's got an addictive personality. 他具有成瘾人格。

Word: tepid
Front: tepid
[ˈtepɪd] (托宝 15927/20336 -1)
Vocabulary: tepid
(once / 3765 pages)
adj
Tepid means lukewarm or half-hearted. If the applause for your mime-on-a-unicycle performance was more tepid than enthusiastic, it might be time to find a new hobby.
Around 1400, the word tepid evolved from the Latin tepidus, an adjective meaning “lukewarm,” which before that came about from the Latin tepere, a verb meaning “to be warm.” Tepid people or things are lukewarm or lacking in enthusiasm or emotion. Bathwater that’s been sitting in the tub for two hours is probably tepid. So was the hug you gave your least favorite ex when you ran into him at the movie theater.
WORD FAMILY
tepid: tepidest, tepidity, tepidly, tepidness+/tepidity: tepidities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Chances are you probably forgot The X-Files was even revived this year, thanks to the tepid reception it received.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
The company cut the number of shares offered significantly before pricing its IPO, however, signaling tepid demand.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Hoping for a strong finish after a tepid start to the crucial holiday season, retailers are gearing up for a last-minute rush of shoppers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 微温的; 不冷不热的; 不热情的; 半心半意的
分布：微温的(74%)，不热心的(26%)
→来自拉丁语 tepere,使微热，温热，来自 tep,加热。
【记】读：太屁的，踢球踢得太屁了，所以观众反应tepid。读：抬屁的－做什么事情都抬屁股走人－不热情的
【参】lukewarm（adj 微温的）
【反】fevered（adj 激动的）；ardent（adj 热心的）；ebullient（adj热情的）
adjective
NOT WARM 微热的
■(of liquid) not very warm （液体）温热的，微热的
['tep.ɪd] adjective
NOT ENTHUSIASTIC 不热情的
■describes a reaction which is not enthusiastic （反应）不热情的，不热烈的
• I got a tepid response to my suggestion. 我的建议得到很平淡的反应。
adj. 微温的，温热的；不太热烈的；不热情的
 - cold, lukewarm

Word: breakneck
Front: breakneck
[ˈbreɪknek] (20423/32643)
Back: adj. 要使颈骨折断似的，非常危险的
分布：极快的(63%)，非常危险的(37%)
adjective [before noun]
■carelessly fast and dangerous 高速而危险的
• They were cycling along at breakneck speed/at a breakneck pace. 他们骑飞车，非常危险。
adj. 非常危险的；要使颈骨折断似的；极快的
 - dangersome, splitting

Word: broking

Word: beforehand
Front: beforehand
[bɪˈfɔ:hænd] (研四六托雅 10479/6844 -1)
Back: adv. 事先，预先; 提前
adj. 提前的; 预先准备好的
分布：预先(45%)，事先(43%)，提前(12%)
ad.预先,事先The handicapped man got a second-hand handout of shorthand handbook beforehand.残疾人事先得到了一本二手速记手册施舍品.
US [-'fɔ:r-] adverb
■earlier (than a particular time) 事先，预先
• I knew she was coming that afternoon because she had phoned beforehand to say so. 我知道她那天下午会来，因为她事先打电话跟我说过。
adv. 事先；预先
 - in advance, previously, ahead, ready
adj. 提前的；预先准备好的
 - pre-arranged

Word: chafe
Front: chafe
[tʃeɪf] (托宝 15894/20732)
Vocabulary: chafe
(once / 1220 pages)
1vn 2vn
To chafe is to irritate or annoy. If your shoes chafe you, they rub your skin raw. Ouch. If you chafe at the suggestion that you should be studying more, the suggestion rubs you the wrong way.
Chafe originally meant to warm, like a chafing dish on a hotel buffet. Though this may seem like a big jump, think of when your hands are cold and you rub them together to warm them up. So you can say that rubbed skin is kind of hot as is a temper flaring up from irritation. If you are a hot head, you are easily chafed.
WORD FAMILY
chafe: chafed, chafes, chafing+/chafing: chafings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The GB cycling team banned bikini waxes during the Olympics because the hair protects against chafing.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
But it wasn’t long before Michael was chafing against the creative restrictions, and the low expectations, placed upon a gorgeous teen idol.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
As Chafe observes, the St. John Passion stresses Jesus’ messianic nature and accentuates oppositions between good and evil.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 擦热（尤指皮肤）; 擦痛; 发怒; 惹怒
n. 擦伤
时态：chafed, chafing, chafes
分布：擦伤(38%)，激怒(21%)，擦痛(15%)，摩擦(13%)，气恼(13%)
→来自拉丁词calefacere, 擦热。cal, 热，见calorie, 卡路里, -fac, 做，使，见fact, beautify.现词现义主要指激怒。
【记】读：重复。摩擦生热就是一种重复运动。chase（n /v 追逐）容易chafe
verb
RUB 摩擦
intransitive or transitive
■to make or become damaged or sore by rubbing （使）擦伤；（使）擦破；（使）擦痛
• The bracelet was so tight that it started to chafe (my wrist). 这手镯太紧，把我（的手腕）都擦痛了。
transitive old-fashioned
■to warm a part of the body by rubbing 擦热，摩擦取暖
[tʃeɪf] verb
BE ANNOYED 恼火
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to be or become annoyed or lose patience because of rules or limits （因规则或约束）恼火，生气，不耐烦
• We have been chafing under petty regulations for too long. 我们为琐碎的规章制度而恼火已经很久了。
vt. 擦破；擦热；擦痛；激怒
 - anger, provoke
vi. 擦伤；磨擦；激怒
 - brush burn, rub the wrong way
n. 擦伤；气恼
 - brush-burn, abrasion

Word: cork
Front: cork
[kɔ:k] (雅 12801/8181 -1)
Vocabulary: cork
(once / 1157 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
Cork is a lightweight material made from the bark of a particular kind of oak tree. Cork is used in all sorts of ways, from flooring to fishing rod handles to bulletin boards.
When cork bark is harvested from a cork oak tree, it doesn't harm the tree itself — this quality is part of what makes cork a useful, renewable material. It shows up in shoes, insulation, wall tiles, and badminton shuttlecocks, as well as bottle stoppers, which are also called corks. The word is from the Spanish alcorque, "cork-soled sandal," which ultimately comes from the Latin name for the cork oak tree, quercus.
WORD FAMILY
cork: corked, corker, corking, corks, corky, uncork+/corker: corkers/corky: corkily/uncork: uncorked, uncorking, uncorks
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sounds of soft, expert cork pops bounce percussively off every wall.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Glaziers installed desktop computers and a cork board for art projects.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
And, as the DJ drops a funky groove and another champagne cork soars skywards, it’s my turn.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 软木; 软木塞; （钓鱼用）软木浮子; [植]外皮
vt. 抑制，压制（感情）; 用软木塞塞住; （滑稽歌剧化妆中）用软木炭把脸涂黑
adj. 用软木制的
时态：corked, corking, corks
分布：软木(67%)，软木塞(32%)，软木树(1%)
→来自sker, 砍，切，词源同shear, carnal. 即切下来的树皮所做。
US [kɔ:rk] noun
uncountable
■the light soft bark (= outer covering) of a Mediterranean tree （产于地中海的）软木橡树皮
countable
■a short cylindrical piece of cork, or sometimes plastic or rubber, which is put into the top of a bottle, especially a wine bottle, to close it （尤指酒瓶的）软木瓶塞
• I can't get the cork out of the bottle - can you try? 我拔不出瓶塞——你来试试？
UK [kɔ:k] US [kɔ:rk] verb transitive
■to close a bottle by putting a cork in it 用瓶塞塞住
• If you've drunk enough, I'll cork the bottle and we can have the rest later. 要是你们喝够了，我就要塞上瓶塞了，剩下的以后再喝。
UK [kɔ:k] US [kɔ:rk] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] cork sth up informal
■to not allow yourself to express your anger, worry or sadness 克制，抑制（愤怒、焦急或悲哀）
n. [木] 软木塞，软木制品；软木
 - soft wood
vt. 抑制，堵住；用软木塞塞住
 - control, restrain, stay

Word: cholesterol
Front: cholesterol
[kəˈlestərɒl] (3119/7417 -2)
Vocabulary: cholesterol
(once / 3353 pages)
n
Cholesterol is a naturally-occurring steroid found in animal tissues. It's important for healthy cell membranes and other functions, but its waxy makeup makes it a danger as a high concentration could build up and block arteries.
Cholesterol is a product of the liver, excreted through bile into the digestive tract. The first notice of cholesterol was in 1769, when a French researcher found it in gallstones. Then, in the early 19th Century the chemical was named "cholestrine," from the Greek words for bile (chole) and solids (stereos), plus the chemical suffix -ol. Scientists have noted the role of cholesterol in heart attacks and other health problems, a situation that can be regulated through diet or medications.
WORD FAMILY
cholesterol: cholesterols
USAGE EXAMPLES
One theory ties high cholesterol to the development of the plaque deposits in the brain that are a hallmark of the memory-destroying disease.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
His cholesterol was also a little high, something they’d discussed that day.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
One of bile’s main components is bile acid, a derivative of cholesterol.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 胆固醇
分布：胆固醇(100%)
→chol, 胆囊，同gall。-ster, 固化，见sterile. -ol, 化学名词后缀，醇，见xylitol.
US [-tə.rɑ:l] noun uncountable
■a substance containing a lot of fat that is found in the body tissue and blood of all animals, and which is thought to be part of the cause of heart disease if there is too much of it 胆固醇
• an oil which is high in polyunsaturates and low in cholesterol 不饱和脂肪含量高而胆固醇含量低的食用油

Word: hypermarket
Front: hypermarket
[ˈhaɪpəmɑ:kɪt] (46430/26459)
Back: n. 超大型自助商场
分布：特大超级商场(100%)
→hyper-,超过的，超级的，market,市场。
US [-pɚˌmɑ:r-] noun countable
■a very large shop, usually outside the centre of town （通常位于城郊的）超大型超市

Word: earl
Front: earl
[ɜ:l] (19359/3154)
Vocabulary: earl
(once / 125 pages)
n
An earl is a member of the British nobility. An earl is ranked about a viscount or a baron, in case you know those titles. Earl certainly carries more clout than "Mister"!
One of the ceremonial titles given to noblemen in the United Kingdom is earl. Being an earl used to come with a great deal of power and control over a certain region, including the authority to pass judgment in courts of law. While it's still prestigious to be an earl, there's less actual power involved in the position. The word itself comes from the Old English word eorl, "brave man, warrior, leader, or chief."
WORD FAMILY
earl: earldom, earls+/earldom: earldoms
USAGE EXAMPLES
For it was here, at the preserved Lorraine Motel, that Martin Luther King Jr. was shot and killed by James Earl Ray April 4, 1968.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A win over Philadelphia lingered mostly for injuries to Earl Thomas and C.J.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
James Earl Jones cuddled him this summer in “God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater” in an “Encores!”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. （英国）伯爵
分布：伯爵(100%)
→来自拉丁词orior, 升起，起来，词源同origin,orient. 原指勇敢的人，战士，后来用于尊称，作为count的对等词。
US [ɝ:l] noun countable
■(the title of) a British man of high social rank, between a marquis and a viscount （英国）伯爵（封号）
• the Earl of Northumberland 诺森伯兰伯爵
n. （英）伯爵
 - count, Graf, Comte

Word: exonerate
Front: exonerate
[ɪgˈzɒnəreɪt] (宝 14961/19034)
Vocabulary: exonerate
(once / 4359 pages)
v
To exonerate someone is to declare him not guilty of criminal charges. This word is pretty much only used in reference to proceedings in a court of law. A word with a similar meaning that might be familiar is “acquit.”
When your next door neighbor was arrested for painting smiley faces on the front doors of all the houses on your block, evidence to exonerate him was discovered when the police found a young hooligan from the next street over with a basement full of paint canisters. The verb comes from the Latin exonerat-, meaning “freed from burden.” A criminal charge is certainly a burden, and when you're exonerated, you're freed from that burden.
WORD FAMILY
exonerate: exonerated, exonerates, exonerating, exoneration, exonerative+/exoneration: exonerations
USAGE EXAMPLES
In many cases, even after they are exonerated, the punishment continues.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“Unsurprising that HPSCI’s report is rifled with obvious falsehoods. The only surprise is how accidentally exonerating it is,” Snowden tweeted.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Nonetheless, all seven were exonerated in the final report.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 使免罪，免除
n. 免罪，免除
adj. 免罪的，免除的
时态：exonerated, exonerating, exonerates
分布：确定无罪(50%)，免除责任(50%)
→ex-, 向外。-oner, 责任，词源同onus.
免除;无罪释放(ex出+oner+ate→从负担中摆脱出来→无罪释放)[oner=load,表示"负担"]
【记】ex出，oner负担 －走出负担－无罪
【参】onerous（adj 繁重的；有责任的）
【反】prove guilty（证明有罪）；inculpate（v 使负罪）；censure（v /n 责难）；incriminate（vt 使负罪；控告）
US [-'zɑ:.nɚ.eɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to show or state that someone or something is not guilty of something 证明…无罪；宣布…无罪；使免受责备
• The report exonerated the crew from all responsibility for the collision. 报告证明机组人员对飞机相撞事件不负任何责任。

Word: incubator
Front: incubator
[ˈɪŋkjubeɪtə(r)] (宝 15204/22568)
Vocabulary: incubator
(once / 7091 pages)
n
An incubator is a device that's basically a warm box, meant for keeping premature babies safe and cozy. Sometimes very tiny infants need to spend a little time in an incubator before they're ready to leave the hospital.
Incubators are used in hospitals, but you'll also find them on farms, where they keep eggs warm before they hatch, and then protect the baby chicks. A biologist uses another type of incubator, one that controls the temperature for growing microbes or cells in a lab. Because all incubators help something grow and develop, businesspeople also use the term to mean a place or equipment that's available to help a new business get off the ground or grow larger.
WORD FAMILY
incubator: incubators+/ incubate: incubated, incubates, incubating, incubation, incubator /incubation: incubations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Under threat of demolition for years, this cavernous space will soon house the largest start-up incubator in the world.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Ventilation machines and other vital equipment are broken down, including some of the incubators in the maternity ward.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Davis became a coaching incubator, a charmed pocket of football intellect.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 孵化器; （用于放置早产婴儿的）恒温箱
分布：孵卵器(65%)，早产儿保育器(35%)
→来自incubate,孵化。
孵卵器;早产儿育儿箱[cub,cumb=liedown,表示"躺";cumber=barrier,表示"躺的东西,障碍"]
孵卵器(in里面＋cub睡觉)[-or表名词"人或物器",在一些词根前写成"-ator"]
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■a container that has controlled air and temperature conditions in which a weak or premature baby (= one which was born too early) can be kept alive （用于体弱婴儿或早产婴儿护理的）恒温箱，保育箱
■a device for keeping birds' eggs at the correct temperature to allow young birds to develop until they break out of the shell 孵化器
n. [禽] 孵卵器； [儿科] 保温箱；早产儿保育器；细菌培养器
 - hatcher, brooder

Word: instructive
Front: instructive
[ɪnˈstrʌktɪv] (托宝 11647/11734 -1)
Vocabulary: instructive
(once / 1048 pages)
adj
Instructive means "useful and informative." Say you're visiting Paris and looking for the Eiffel Tower when a friendly Parisian native helpfully stops to draw you a map. "Merci," you say. "This map is very instructive."
In English, anything that informs or enlightens is instructive, but in the Finnish language there's something called the instructive case, which is a whole separate way of saying "by the means of." An example would be a sentence like "I traveled here by horse," which you would say differently than any other kind of sentence you might utter. You would also be speaking Finnish, so the information would only be instructive to Finns.
WORD FAMILY
instructive: instructively, uninstructive+/ instruct: instructed, instructing, instruction, instructive, instructor, instructs/instructed: uninstructed/ instruction: instructional, instructions / instructor: instructors, instructorship/instructorship: instructorships/uninstructive: uninstructively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Simon & Schuster executives who found Yiannopoulos so marketable might also want to consider the instructive example of his past foray into book writing.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
But he is instructive for what he represents.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The women also found their characters instructive in some ways.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 有益的; 教育性的
adv. 有益地; 有教益地
n. 教育; 指导性
分布：有益的(81%)，教育性的(11%)，有启发的(8%)
[ɪn'strʌk.tɪv] approving
adjective
■giving useful or interesting information 有启发性的；有教育意义的
adj. 有益的；教育性的
 - beneficial, helpful, useful, conducive, advantageous

Word: incumbency
Front: incumbency
[ɪnˈkʌmbənsi] (25902/40612)
Back: n. 现任职位，现任职权，任期
分布：义务(84%)，职责(16%)
→来自incumbent,在任者。
任期;职务(in+cumb+ency)[cub,cumb=liedown,表示"躺";cumber=barrier,表示"躺的东西,障碍"]
noun countable
■the period during which someone has a particular official position 任期
• During her incumbency (as commissioner), several changes were introduced. 她任职／出任专员期间进行了几项改革。
n. 义务；任职；责任
 - obligation, liability, burden, trust, blame

Word: ombudsman
Front: ombudsman
[ˈɒmbʊdzmən] (20045/13158 -1)
Vocabulary: ombudsman
(once / 17694 pages)
n
In the U.S., your congressman is considered your unofficial ombudsman or the state official who investigates and makes sure the government is acting in the best interest of its citizens.
The word ombudsman comes from the Swedish ombudsman, meaning "legal representative." An ombudsman is a legal representative, often appointed by a government or organization to investigate complaints made by individuals in the interest of the citizens or employees. Usually this is a state official appointed to oversee an investigation of complaints about improper government activity against citizens.
WORD FAMILY
ombudsman: ombudsmen
USAGE EXAMPLES
France is considering appointing an official internet ombudsman to regulate complaints about online material in order to prevent excessive censorship and preserve free speech.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
In October alone, the country’s human rights ombudsman logged 212 such disputes.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
Some recommendations in the report are specific, such as urging the Federal Bureau of Prisons to establish an ombudsman position focused on D.C. correctional issues.
Washington Post(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 调查官员舞弊情况的政府官员; 巡视官
分布：名词(100%)
→来自瑞典语ombudsman,使命专员，来自om-,在周围，缩写自ambi-,词源同ambassador（大使）,-bud,命令，召唤，词源同bid,man,人。原指中央政府或君主派到地方进行巡视的官员，类似于中国古代的监察御史，现用于指政府巡查员。
US ['ɑ:m.bədz-] noun countable
■someone who works for a government or large organization and deals with the complaints made against it （政府或大型机构处理投诉的）民意调查官，巡视官，申诉专员
• Complaints to the Banking Ombudsman grew by 50 per cent last year. 去年，银行业意见调查员接到的投诉增加了50%。

Word: pogrom
Front: pogrom
[ˈpɒgrəm] (22567/25708)
Vocabulary: pogrom
(once / 14292 pages)
n
The organized destruction of an ethnic group is called a pogrom. The word comes to English via the similar Yiddish and Russian words; pogrom literally means "devastation."
In many Russian pogroms in the late 1800s and early 1900s, the mob attacked Jews — burning their homes and synagogues. Thousands of Jews were killed during these attacks, and many more fled them by emigrating to other countries, including the United States. Pogroms against Jews occurred in countries other than Russia, including Argentina, Romania, Poland, and Libya. Other ethnic groups, including Armenians, were also the target of pogroms in the early twentieth century.
WORD FAMILY
pogrom: pogroms
USAGE EXAMPLES
The pogrom is widely viewed by historians as the start of the Holocaust in which 6 million Jews were slaughtered.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Whites imposed new kinds of discrimination and turned a blind eye to the pogroms and racial terrorism that was scarring the American landscape.
Slate(Nov 09, 2016)
In the same year as the Boulogne congress, there was another spate of pogroms.
The New Yorker(Oct 24, 2016)
Back: n. 大屠杀
分布：大屠杀(93%)，对……大屠杀(7%)
→该词原指俄国人对犹太人的大肆杀戮。来自依地绪语pogrom,来自俄罗斯语pogromu,屠杀，毁灭，来自po-,凭借，在后，词源同post-,gromu,雷电，吼叫声，拟声词。比喻用法。
US ['poʊ.grəm] noun countable
■an act of organized cruel behaviour or killing which is done to a large group of people because of their race or religion （种族或宗教）大屠杀，集体杀戮
• The famines and pogroms in 19th-century Eastern Europe forced many Jewish refugees to emigrate. 19世纪东欧的饥荒和大屠杀迫使许多犹太难民移居国外。
n. 大屠杀
 - holocaust, bloodbath, shoah

Word: nigh
Front: nigh
[naɪ] (24608/21134 -1)
Vocabulary: nigh
(once / 446 pages)
1advadj 2adj
Nigh is an old-fashioned word that can be used as an adjective or adverb to mean near or nearly. Something that is nigh impossible — like knitting a sweater in one night — will be very difficult to accomplish.
As an adjective, nigh is an older form of the word "near," both of which are rooted in the Old English word neah. People like to use the word nigh when they talk about the apocalypse: "Repent! The end is nigh." It's most common to use nigh today when you're trying to sound poetic or referencing the archaic or biblical uses of the word.
WORD FAMILY
nigh: nighly, nighs
USAGE EXAMPLES
But necropsies provide information about cetaceans that would be well nigh impossible to glean in any other way.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
The decline and fall of the great Manchester United Empire after nigh on three decades of Ferguson’s rule.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Let us pause, draw nigh to council chambers and listen to the scream of protest:
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adv. 接近地; 靠近地; 几乎; 在附近地
adj. 近的; 直接的
prep. 在…附近; 近于
分布：接近(29%)，近于(20%)，直接的(13%)，在附近地(13%)，近的(13%)，左侧的(6%)，即将发生(6%)
→来自古英语neah,靠近，比较级near,最高级next,来自nek,达到，够到，词源同enough.
old-fashioned or literary
adverb preposition
■near 临近，接近
• She must have written nigh on (= nearly but not quite) 50 books. 她肯定已经写了接近50本著作了。
• The time is nigh (= It is nearly time) for us to make a decision. 快到我们作决定的时候了。
prep. 近于
 - inby
adj. 在附近的；直接的
 - immediate, direct, about, right
adv. 几乎；在附近地
 - almost, nearly, most, virtually, practically

Word: signify
Front: signify
[ˈsɪgnɪfaɪ] (研六托雅宝 6690/6005 -1)
Vocabulary: signify
(once / 67 pages)
v
To signify means to "mean." When Paul Revere looked for the lanterns in the church tower, he knew that one would signify that the British were coming by land and two would indicate that they were coming by sea.
When objects are endowed with symbolic meaning, they are said to signify things. A dove signifies peace, a six-pointed star signifies Judaism, a frog signifies fertility, a trident signifies the Hindu Shiva or the Greek Poseidon.
WORD FAMILY
signify: significant, signification, signified, signifier, signifies, signifying+/co-sign: co-signed/countersign: countersignature, countersigned, countersigning, countersigns/insignificance: insignificances/ insignificant: insignificance, insignificantly/ sign: co-sign, countersign, signatory, signature, signed, signedly, signer, signify, signing, signs, undersign/ signatory: signatories/ signature: signatures/signed: unsigned/signer: signers/ significance: significances/ significant: insignificant, nonsignificant, significance, significantly /signification: significations/signifier: signifiers/signing: signings/undersign: undersigned, undersigning
USAGE EXAMPLES
The rink itself was placed on a tableau of the No. 100, signifying both the centennial season for both the Leafs and NHL.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He’s a dad now and it signifies change.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
To David Bowie, whose beauty and talent and refusal to quit signified something beyond words: your passing brought us together in sadness and silent adulation.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 表示…的意思; 意味; 预示
vi. 具有重要性，要紧; 辱骂
时态：signified, signifying, signifies
分布：表示(46%)，意味着(26%)，象征(13%)，预示(11%)，有重要性(4%)
→sign,标记，记号，-fy,使。引申诸相关词义。
表示;象征(sign+ify→用信号表示→象征)[sign=mark表示"记号,信号"]
v.表示,意味;要紧,有重要性She signified that she consented by raising her hand.她举手表示同意.
formal
verb
MEAN 意指
transitive
■to be a sign of something; to mean 表示；意味着
• Nobody really knows what the marks on the ancient stones signify. 没人真正知道那些古老石头上的记号代表甚么含意。
• [+ that] The number 30 on a road sign signifies that the speed limit is 30 miles an hour. 路标上的数位30表示时速限定为30哩。
['sɪg.nɪ.faɪ] formal
verb
MAKE KNOWN 使知晓
transitive
■to make something known; to show 使知道；表明
• She signified her agreement by nodding her head. 她点头表示同意。
• [+ (that)] She signified (that) she was in agreement by nodding her head. 她点头表示同意。
['sɪg.nɪ.faɪ] formal
verb
BE IMPORTANT 重要
intransitive
■to have importance or to matter 很重要，要紧
• Don't worry about being late - it doesn't signify. 别担心迟到——不要紧。
denote, indicate, imply, mean, suggest, signify, represent
这组词都有“表示……的意思”的意思，其区别是：
denote: 指某一词字面或狭义的意思，或指某些符号或迹象的特指含义。
indicate: 指明显的表示。
imply: 侧重用文字或符号表示的联想，暗示。
mean: 最普通用词。指文字或符号等所表示的各种明确的或含蓄的意义。
suggest: 通常指暗含地、隐晦地表达意思。
signify: 指用文字、说话或表情等表示单纯的意思。
represent: 指体现或代表。
vt. 表示；意味；预示
 - indicate, bid, forecast, mean, shadow
vi. 有重要性；要紧；冒充内行
 - matter, count for

Word: portrayal
Front: portrayal
[pɔ:ˈtreɪəl] (托 7945/11850)
Vocabulary: portrayal
(once / 3861 pages)
n
If you like the way an actor played the role of Abraham Lincoln, you might praise his portrayal of the sixteenth president.
Use the noun portrayal to describe the representation of someone, either in the form of a dramatic character, a spoken description, or even a photograph or painting of the person. You can also talk about the portrayal of an object or idea: "Dorothea Lange's photographs are an accurate portrayal of the Great Depression." The Old French word portraire, "to draw or trace," is the root of portrayal.
WORD FAMILY
portrayal: portrayals+/portraitist: portraitists/portraiture: portraitures/ portray: portraitist, portraiture, portrayal, portrayed, portrayer, portraying, portrays/portrayer: portrayers/portraying: portrayings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fairchild’s emotional horror show of a portrayal was one of the year’s strongest.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s not a heartless portrayal, but it’s an ambivalent one.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Lithgow’s portrayal of that particular lion in winter began with his spring.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 画像，肖像; 描述，描写; 叙述
分布：描绘(58%)，肖像(22%)，画像(20%)
N-COUNT
（角色的）扮演，刻画，演绎
An actor's portrayal of a character in a play or film is the way that he or she plays the character.
例：Mr Ying is well-known for his portrayal of a prison guard in the film 'The Last Emperor'.英先生因其在电影《末代皇帝》中塑造的监狱看守形象而闻名。
N-COUNT
绘画；油画；照片
An artist's portrayal of something is a drawing, painting, or photograph of it.
例：'Scene with a Winding River' (1827) is a near-monochrome portrayal of a wood infused with silvery light.《有弯弯河流的风景》（1827年）是一幅近乎单色调的绘画，描绘的是沐浴在银色光线里的一片树林。
例：...a moving portrayal of St John the Evangelist by Simone Martini.西蒙·马尔蒂尼画的福音传道者圣约翰的动人画像
N-COUNT
描述；描写；刻画
The portrayal of something in a book or film is the act of describing it or showing it.
例：This is a sensitive and often funny portrayal of a friendship between two 11-year-old boys.这是对两个11岁小男孩之间的友谊所作的细腻而不乏风趣的描述。
例：...Leigh's portrayal of English society.莉对英格兰社会的描写
N-COUNT
描写；呈现；表现
The portrayal of something in a book, film, or programme is the way that it is made to appear.
例：The media persists in its portrayal of us as muggers, dope sellers and gangsters...媒体一直把我们描绘成抢劫犯、贩毒者和歹徒。
例：I get criticized for the portrayal of women in that movie.我在那部电影里对女性形象的刻画受到了批评。
n. 描绘；画像，肖像
 - image, figure, icon

Word: richly
Front: richly
[ˈrɪtʃli] (11125/9668 -1)
Back: adv. 丰富地; 富裕地; 完全地
分布：完全地(35%)，富裕地(26%)，丰富地(26%)，浓厚地(13%)
adverb
richly decorated/furnished, etc.
■having a lot of beautiful or expensive decoration, furniture, etc 装修／布置等富丽堂皇
• The facade of the church is richly decorated in green and white marble. 教堂正面装饰有绿色和白色大理石，显得富丽堂皇。
■in a very special or valuable way, or in a way that is greater than usual 富裕地，丰富地；完全地，十足地
• The cake takes two hours to cook, but your patience will be richly rewarded. 这个蛋糕要花两个小时才能做好，但要是能耐心做好了，你会感到非常有成就。
• She finally obtained the recognition which she so richly deserved. 她最后终于得到了她完全应该得到的酬劳。
adv. 丰富地；富裕地；完全地
 - totally, entirely, completely, absolutely, thoroughly, strictly, fully

Word: smelter
Front: smelter
[ˈsmeltə(r)] (21023/26966)
Back: n. 熔炉，熔炼工
分布：冶炼厂(72%)，熔炉(18%)，熔铸工人(7%)，冶炼业(3%)
→smelt,熔炼，-er,表物。引申词义熔炉。
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■a factory or machine in which metal is smelted 冶炼厂；熔炉
n. [冶] 熔炉；冶金厂；熔炼工
 - furnace, forge

Word: subversion
Front: subversion
[səb'vɜ:ʃn] (16214/15731)
Vocabulary: subversion
(once / 5191 pages)
n
Subversion means overthrowing something, like a government or law, or it can mean corrupting someone’s personal morals, like making a vegetarian eat bacon by tricking her.
The Latin root subvertere means “to turn from below,” and when you turn something on its head in a sneaky way, that’s subversion. Imagine digging a hole in the ground, then covering the hole with a layer of sticks and leaves. When someone walks on it, they fall in. That’s the basic idea of subversion, attacking from below. People often use subversion to take down a corrupt government, and acts of subversion are a powerful way to protest injustice.
WORD FAMILY
subversion: countersubversion, subversions+/ subversive: subversively, subversiveness, subversives/ subvert: subversion, subversive, subverted, subverter, subverting, subverts/subverter: subverters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The party sees groups like his as potential Trojan horses of political subversion.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
On the Friday 23 December police confirmed they were investigating prominent Christian rights lawyer Jiang Tianyong on suspicion of “inciting subversion of state power”.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Chinese lawyers abjectly confessing to subversion in show trials.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 颠覆（活动）; 破坏; 覆灭，瓦解
分布：颠覆(85%)，破坏(15%)
US [-'vɝ:-] formal
noun uncountable
■when someone tries to destroy or damage an established system or government （对制度或政府的）颠覆，倾覆
• He was found guilty of subversion and imprisoned. 他被判颠覆罪名成立，随后被关入监狱。
n. 颠覆；破坏
 - destruction, breaking, blasting

Word: theodore
Front: theodore
[ˈθiədɔ:] (-/16435)
Back: n. 男子名
分布：名词(100%)

Word: tang
Front: tang
[tæŋ] (17391/15960)
Back: n. 强烈的味道或气味; 柄脚; 特性
vt. 使声尖锐; 装刀柄于
vi. 发出铿锵声; 发出当的一声
分布：特性(27%)，使声尖锐(22%)，强烈的味道(22%)，柄脚(22%)，装柄脚(7%)
→来 自 古 英 语 tang, 蛇 信 子 ， 蛇 的 舌 头 ， 来 自 古 诺 斯 语 tangi, 尖 的 金 属 棒 ， 尖 叉 ， 来 自 Proto-Germanic*tang,咬，来自 denk,咬，词源同 tongs,tough.因蛇信子散发强烈的刺鼻恶 臭而引申该词义。
noun only singular
■a strong sharp taste or smell 强烈的味道（或气味）
• the tang of the sea air 海边空气的腥味
n. 特性；强烈的味道；柄脚
 - quality, identity, specific, character, distinction
vi. 发出铿锵声；发出当的一声
 - clash

Word: unbearable
Front: unbearable
[ʌnˈbeərəbl] (高四六托 10284/9826 -1)
Vocabulary: unbearable
(once / 1540 pages)
adj
When something's unbearable, you just can't take it. Your neighbor's loud music was always annoying, but when the walls shook until your favorite vase fell and broke you knew it had become unbearable.
If you look at the adjective unbearable and strip away the prefix un- and the suffix -able, you have the word bear, meaning "to endure." Now put back those add-ons and you end up with a word that means "not able to endure." In other words, you can't stand it. You thought that your job as a police officer was tough until you volunteered to umpire a little league ballgame — the pressure was unbearable!
WORD FAMILY
unbearable: unbearably+/ bear: bearable, bearer, bearing, bearish, bears, borne, forebear, overbear/ bearable: bearably, unbearable / bearer: bearers/ bearing: bearings, nonbearing/bearish: bearishly/ forebear: forebears/overbear: overbearing, overbears, overbore, overborne/ overbearing: overbearingly, overbearingness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The idea is to hold two electrodes until the pain is unbearable – and pay for the experience.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
I didn’t want to see his things hanging around the house, while the thought of losing them was unbearable.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
When my selection grew unbearable, I would unplug and just walk around singing my favorite Christmas songs to myself.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 难以忍受的，不能忍受的，经受不住的; 承受不住的
分布：无法忍受的(100%)
US [-'ber.ə-] adjective
■too painful or unpleasant for you to continue to experience 无法忍受的
• All I remember of childbirth was the unbearable pain and the relief when it was all over. 分娩过程给我留下的记忆就是无法忍受的疼痛和一切结束后的轻松。
• The atmosphere at work at the moment is quite unbearable. 目前的工作氛围真令人难以忍受。
• The heat was unbearable. 热得令人难以忍受。
adj. 难以忍受的；承受不住的
 - impossible, insufferable

Word: abandonment
Front: abandonment
[əˈbændənmənt] (托 9919/8591)
Vocabulary: abandonment
(once / 1413 pages)
n
Abandonment is the act of getting rid of something. It’s how dogs become stray and children become orphaned. If abandonment is your greatest fear in life, make sure to surround yourself with loyal friends and treat them kindly.
Abandonment, a noun meaning "relinquishment," stems from the French abandonnement and was first recorded in the early 17th century. "Life, misfortunes, isolation, abandonment, poverty, are battlefields which have their heroes; obscure heroes, sometimes greater than the illustrious heroes," said Victor Hugo. He treats a person's survival of abandonment with the utmost respect, perhaps more than that accorded survival of war or other more obvious trials.
WORD FAMILY
abandonment: abandonments+/ abandon: abandoned, abandoning, abandonment, abandons/ abandoned: abandonedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pretending cyberspace is a different universe, populated by people who matter less, is a misnomer and a flagrant abandonment of our individual responsibility.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s the absoluteness of my abandonment of Chinese, undertaken with such determination that it is a kind of suicide.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
He continued by calling it “an abandonment of Israel which breaks decades of US policy of protecting Israel at the UN”.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 放弃; 抛弃; 遗弃; 放任
分布：放弃(90%)，放纵(8%)，自暴自弃(2%)
N-UNCOUNT
离弃；遗弃；抛弃
The abandonment of a place, thing, or person is the act of leaving it permanently or for a long time, especially when you should not do so.
例：...memories of her father's complete abandonment of her.对父亲完全弃她不顾的回忆
N-UNCOUNT
（工作、活动等的）中途放弃，中止
The abandonment of a piece of work or activity is the act of stopping doing it before it is finished.
例：Constant rain forced the abandonment of the next day's competitions.连绵阴雨致使翌日各项赛事被迫中止。
N-UNCOUNT
（想法或思路的）放弃
The abandonment of an idea or way of thinking is the act of stopping having the idea or of stopping thinking in that way.
例：...the government's abandonment of the policy.政府对这项政策的放弃
n. [法] 抛弃；放纵
 - rejection, loose

Word: weld
Front: weld
[weld] (研四六托雅宝 15095/11669 -1)
Vocabulary: weld
(once / 2022 pages)
1nv 2n
To weld is to use intense heat to merge two pieces of metal together. This word refers to other kinds of joining as well. If two companies merge, they’ve been welded.
Have you ever seen someone with a large metal mask and a blowtorch, doing something to pieces of metal? That person — called a welder — was welding, which joins pieces of metal together through heat. Welding is a type of merging, joining, or connecting. The concept also applies to situations that don’t involve metal or flames. You could say a married couple has been welded. This is word for putting things together.
WORD FAMILY
weld: welded, welder, welding, weldment, welds+/welder: welders/welding: weldings/weldment: weldments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Splitting the difference, Jamison suggests that his mania and his imagination were welded into great art by the discipline he exerted between his manic episodes.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
In 1985, two people died at Keystone Resort after the welding on the large wheel used to pull the cable failed.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Shane Parish, Dec. 1 at WELD: Sometimes it’s just a wonder to watch a guitarist’s right hand fly.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 焊接; 使紧密结合
n. 焊接点; 黄色植物染料
时态：welded, welding, welds
分布：焊接(52%)，焊缝(47%)，使结合(1%)
→来自well拼写变体，泉水，涌出，沸腾。该词用于指焊接。
v.焊接n.焊接,焊缝They were welded together in friendship.友情使他们结合在一起.
【参】solder（n /v 焊接）
verb transitive
JOIN METAL 连接金属
■to join two pieces of metal together permanently by melting the parts that touch 焊接，锻接（金属）
• Iron spikes have been welded (on) to the railings around the embassy. 大使馆周围的护栏上都焊上了铁刺尖头。
[weld] verb transitive
JOIN PEOPLE 联合人们
■to make separate people into a group who can work together successfully 使紧密结合；使形成整体
• He is a born leader, who welded a collection of gifted individualists into a real team. 他是个天生的领袖，把一群有才华的个人组成一支真正的团队。
[weld] noun countable
■a joint made by welding 焊接处；锻接点
vt. [机] 焊接；使结合；使成整体
 - combine, bond
n. [机] 焊接；焊接点
 - jointing, soldering

Word: chagrin
Front: chagrin
[ˈʃægrɪn] (托宝 16105/19072)
Vocabulary: chagrin
(once / 1222 pages)
nv
Chagrin is a noun that represents an emotion or feeling and it's an uncomfortable one. If you feel chagrin, it means that you are embarrassed or distressed as a result of a failure.
The word chagrin, a noun, comes from the French word of the same spelling and means "melancholy, anxiety, vexation." An odd fact about the word in English is that it had been thought to be related to another, similar-sounding word, shagreen, "an untanned leather with a granular surface, prepared from the hide of a horse, shark, seal, etc." When one mistakes one word as a relative of another, it's called "false etymology."
WORD FAMILY
chagrin: chagrined, chagrining, chagrinned, chagrins
USAGE EXAMPLES
To his father’s chagrin, Allen decided to return to Alabama for his senior season.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Candidate Trump lavished praise on the former KGB intelligence officer, to the chagrin of Republicans and Democrats.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
He looks back at the beginning of his own work life with chagrin.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. （由失败等引起的）懊恼，懊丧，悔恨
vt. 使懊恼，使懊丧，使悔恨
时态：chagrined, chagrining, chagrins
分布：懊恼(95%)，使 ... 懊恼(5%)
→词源不详。
【记】cha拼：差，grin（v 露齿而笑）：笑的很差，因为懊恼。
【反】elate（vt 使兴高采烈）；cheerfulness（n 高兴；快活）；proud satisfaction（非常满足）；delight（n 快乐）
['ʃæg.rɪn] formal
noun uncountable
■disappointment or anger, especially when caused by a failure or mistake （尤指失败或错误引起的）失望，懊丧，懊恼
• My children have never shown an interest in music, much to my chagrin. 我的孩子从没对音乐表现出一点兴趣，真让我失望。
n. 懊恼；委屈；气愤
 - complaint, grievance

Word: axel
Front: axel
[ˈæksl] (35255/40320)
Back: n. （花样滑冰）前外一周半跳

Word: broom
Front: broom
[bru:m] (高研四六 9418/9809 -1)
Back: n. 扫帚; 金雀花; [无线]自动搜索干扰振荡器
vt. 扫除; 用扫帚扫
vi. 桩顶开花或开裂
分布：扫帚(80%)，金雀花(13%)，清扫(7%)
→词源同bur, 毛刺果，bristle, 刺毛。原指一种灌木，后指灌木扎的清扫工具。
n.扫帚vt.扫除A new broom sweeps clean.新官上任三把火.
noun
BRUSH 扫帚 /bru:m] [brʊm] countable
■a brush with a long handle, used for cleaning the floor 扫帚
noun
PLANT 植物 /bru:m] uncountable
■a bush with small yellow flowers 金雀花
n. 扫帚； [纺] 金雀花
 - genista, gorse
vt. 扫除
 - clean off, sweep out

Word: alexandria
Front: alexandria
[ˌæliɡˈzɑ:ndriə] (-/15402)
Back: n. 亚历山大港（埃及北部港市，亚历山大省省会）； 亚历山大省（埃及省名）； 亚历山德里亚（美国弗吉尼亚州东北部城市）； 亚历山德里亚（美国路易斯安那州中部城市）
分布：名词(100%)
n. 亚历山大港（位于埃及）；亚历山大大帝；亚历山大市（美国弗吉尼亚一城市）
 - Alexander the Great, Eternal Alexander

Word: communion
Vocabulary: communion
(once / 889 pages)
n
A communion is an intimate connection. Many people enjoy hiking in the woods in order to have a sort of communion with nature.
When you connect in a meaningful way with something, or intimately share your feelings with someone, you experience a communion. The word implies a deep connection, particularly a spiritual one. A Communion, with a capital C and also called Holy Communion, is a Christian religious service involving consecrated bread and wine. The Latin root of communion is communionem, meaning "fellowship, mutual participation, or sharing."
WORD FAMILY
communion: communions, intercommunion+/ commune: communed, communes, communing, communion, communise, communize/communise: communisation/communize: communization, communized, communizing/intercommunion: intercommunions
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Iran three men who converted to Christianity were recently sentenced to 80 lashes for drinking communion wine.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
We live these moments, seeking communion with others and with ourselves, and connection to the ancient roots and human longings they fulfill.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
How can a successful oil executive, who is now the global leader of the Anglican communion, empathise with those in abject need?
BBC(Dec 01, 2016)

Word: dementia
Front: dementia
[dɪˈmenʃə] (11181/7441 -1)
Vocabulary: dementia
(once / 5221 pages)
n
If your grandfather suffers from dementia, he has a brain disorder that's causing him to gradually lose his memory and become disoriented and confused.
Although dementia is most common in elderly people, it's not a normal part of growing older but a syndrome caused by brain disease or injury. Dementia gets its name from the Latin words de, or "without," and mens, or "mind," which join together to mean "madness," although in English, dementia is not the same thing as madness. One example of an illness that causes dementia is Alzheimer's disease.
WORD FAMILY
dementia: dementias
USAGE EXAMPLES
During the last 15 years of Ruth Wong’s life, when she was ill with dementia, Mr. Wong forsook his work to care for her.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Her coaching and her life were cut short by early onset dementia.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The 77-year-old is suffering from “severe dementia” and will not be charged with a crime, Alexandria Commonwealth’s Attorney Bryan Porter said Wednesday.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. [医]痴呆
分布：痴呆(100%)
→来自demented, 发狂的。
specialized
noun uncountable
■a medical condition that affects especially old people, causing the memory and other mental abilities to gradually become worse, and leading to confused behaviour （尤指老年性）痴呆
• The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer's disease. 最常见的痴呆病是阿兹海默症。
n. [内科] 痴呆
 - aphronesia

Word: degradation
Front: degradation
[ˌdegrəˈdeɪʃn] (六托宝 7764/9046)
Vocabulary: degradation
(once / 890 pages)
n
Degradation is the act of lowering something or someone to a less respected state. A president resigning from office is a degradation. It’s also a downcast state. Once the president has resigned, he might feel degradation.
The noun degradation is related to the verb degrade, which comes from the Latin degradare. Degradare comes from de-, meaning “down,” and gradus, meaning "step." You can think of a degradation as a step down, or feeling as though you’re a step below.
WORD FAMILY
degradation: degradations+/ degrade: degradation, degraded, degrader, degrades, degrading /degraded: degradedly/degrader: degraders/ degrading: degradingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
They show us the connection between environmental degradation, biomedical devastation and social disruption.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
The agency is reviewing hundreds of ECCs granted by previous governments including those granted to mines in a crackdown on environmental degradation.
Reuters(Dec 15, 2016)
It should be protected from potential degradation, not exposed to it.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 堕落; 潦倒; 毁坏; 恶化
分布：退化(80%)，堕落(15%)，降格(5%)
noun uncountable
■when the beauty or quality of something is destroyed or spoilt 玷污；损害，危害
• environmental degradation 环境恶化
[ˌdeg.rə'deɪ.ʃən] noun uncountable formal
■when people are made to feel they have no value 贬低的，降低身份的，丢脸的
• the misery and degradation of prison life 监狱生活的艰辛和屈辱
n. [生物] 退化；降格， [电子] 降级；堕落
 - regression, corruption, deterioration, degeneration

Word: eugene
Front: eugene
[ju:'dʒi:n] (-/15548)
Back: n. 尤金，男子名
分布：尤金(男子名(50%)，美国俄勒冈西部的一座城市)(50%)

Word: deregulate
Front: deregulate
[ˌdi:ˈregjuleɪt] (16898/24739 -1)
Vocabulary: deregulate
(once / 7346 pages)
v
Deregulate is a verb that means to take away the rules. When someone deregulates a soccer game, the game could become a muddy wrestling match without any rules to keep things on track.
You’ll notice the word regulate at the end of deregulate. Regulate is also a verb, and it means to “control something by rules.” To deregulate something, you take away the rules. If you deregulate a game of pin-the-tail-on-the-donkey at your little sister’s birthday party, you could end up with a tail on your face.
WORD FAMILY
deregulate: deregulated, deregulates, deregulating, deregulation +/ regulate: deregulate, regulated, regulates, regulating, regulation, regulator, regulatory /regulated: unregulated /regulating: regulatings, self-regulating/ regulation: regulations/regulator: regulators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Australia was the first to deregulate commercial drones, granting the firm Flirtey the rights to deliver goods in Sydney in 2013.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
His plan is to deregulate where regulations smash enterprises.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Sweden, which deregulated its taxi sector almost three decades ago, decided last year to look at how to adapt its taxi and ride-sharing regulations.
Reuters(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. 解除管制
vi. 解除控制
时态：deregulated, deregulating, deregulates
分布：解除管制(100%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。regulate, 管制。
verb transitive
■to remove national or local government controls or rules from a business or other activity 对…解禁；撤销对（贸易等活动）的管制；解除控制
• The government plans to deregulate the banking industry/the bus system. 政府计划放宽对银行业／公共交通系统的管制。

Word: entourage
Front: entourage
[ˈɒnturɑ:ʒ] (宝 11325/14499 -1)
Vocabulary: entourage
(once / 4715 pages)
n
You know that group of people — friends, assistants, bodyguards — that are always surrounding you everywhere you go? That's your entourage!
Entourage comes from the French word entourer, meaning “to surround,” and means "the people who surround someone." It's also pronounced like a French word, ending with the soft sound “razh” (not “rage”): "ON-too-razh." The size of a pop star's entourage might grow with every hit record she releases. You know you've really made it when your entourage won't fit in one limo.
WORD FAMILY
entourage: entourages
USAGE EXAMPLES
In “The Elephant in the Room,” Ronson tracks Jones at Trump campaign events and steals occasional conversations with him, his entourage and his faithful.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
In 2013, when Dr. Wilkins was 96 and in a wheelchair, four bodyguards were hired as her entourage.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Now, unlike their experience with previous U.S. elections in which the presidency changed hands, they see no familiar faces of China experts in Trump’s entourage.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 随行人员
分布：随行人员(87%)，周围的事物(13%)
→en-, 进入，使。-tour, 围，词源同turn.
【记】en进入，tour旅游，age年龄：小皇上进入了旅游的年龄，就想微服私访，身边总有一些随从。
US [ˌɑ:n.tʊ'rɑ:ʒ] noun countable usually singular [+ sing/pl verb]
■the group of people who travel with and work for an important or famous person （要人或名人的）随行人员，随从
• The rock-star arrived in London with her usual entourage of dancers and backing singers. 这位摇滚歌星到达了伦敦，随行的还有她惯用的伴舞和伴唱随行。
n. 随从；周围；环境
 - context, satellite, circumstance, setting, condition

Word: mythical
Front: mythical
[ˈmɪθɪkl] (托 10983/13726)
Vocabulary: mythical
(once / 2142 pages)
adj
Mythical means from myth, fables, or other traditional stories. A mythical story has no basis in historical events. Sometimes someone whose deeds far outshine others is referred to as mythical.
There are a number of mythical animals that inhabit stories from around the globe. A white horse with a horn protruding from its forehead, the unicorn, is a mythical beast that is very popular worldwide. Much of Western art takes mythical stories, gods, goddesses, or other spirit creatures as subject matter.
WORD FAMILY
myth: mythic, mythical, mythicise, mythicize, myths+/mythic: mythically/mythicize: mythicized
USAGE EXAMPLES
Reliefs that once displayed gods and mythical creatures are reduced to random chunks showing a hand or a few feathers of a genie’s wing.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
On Thursday, like seven small mythical phoenixes who rose from the ashes, the new birds arrived in Grant.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
As a mythical space heroine, Carrie Fisher read as a real person.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 神话的; 虚构的
分布：虚构的(64%)，神话的(32%)，杜撰出来的(4%)
adjective (also mythic]'mɪθ.ɪ.k/)
■existing only in stories 神话的；只存在于神话中的
• the mythical island of Atlantis 神话中的亚特兰提斯岛
• a mythical hero 神话中的英雄
• dragons and other mythical creatures 龙和其他神话动物
■imaginary or not real 虚构的；杜撰出来的
• Start living life here and now instead of waiting for that mythical day when you'll be slim. 现在就赶快回到现实吧，不要坐着幻想身材苗条的那一天。
adj. 神话的；虚构的
 - fictitious, imaginary

Word: questionnaire
Front: questionnaire
[ˌkwestʃəˈneə(r)] (高研六托雅 3606/4043 -1)
Vocabulary: questionnaire
(once / 6998 pages)
n
A questionnaire is a form containing a set of questions. After the opening night of your new restaurant, ask your customers to fill out a questionnaire so they can help you know what still needs work.
You write a questionnaire to take a snapshot of what a group of people think. They're not opportunities for deep response, but are good for collecting statistics. If you're hosting a big party, distribute a short questionnaire beforehand to find out how many people are coming, and what music they want the dj to play. If you prefer an older version of the word, say you're giving them a questionary.
WORD FAMILY
questionnaire: questionnaires
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ninety-one writers attending the 2014 Edinburgh International Book Festival responded to a questionnaire; seventy per cent said that they heard characters speak.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
As always, the format is a multiple-choice questionnaire.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
When a student enrolls in district, Pegg said, the district issues a student residency questionnaire.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 调查表; 调查问卷
分布：问卷(88%)，调查表(12%)
→来自question,问题。-aire,名词后缀，即-ary.引申词义调查问卷。
调查表,问卷[-aire表名词]
n.调查表,问卷Use a questionnaire to find out people's attitudes towards smoking.使用问卷方式调查人们对吸烟的看法.
US [-'ner] noun countable
■a list of questions that several people are asked so that information can be collected about something 问卷；情况调查表
• Visitors to the country have been asked to fill in a detailed questionnaire. 访问该国的游客被要求填写一份详细的调查表。

Word: quito
Front: quito
[ˈki:təu] (-/44100)
Back: n. 基多（厄瓜多尔首都）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: retract
Front: retract
[rɪˈtrækt] (托宝 13910/14289 -1)
Vocabulary: retract
(once / 1885 pages)
1v 2v 3v
Have you ever said something you wish you could retract, or take back? You're not alone. Even newspapers and magazines have sections where the editors can retract something written that was incorrect.
The sense of the word retract meaning to draw back or withdraw comes from the mid-16th century, and its meaning was clear when Napoleon Bonaparte said, "In politics...never retreat, never retract...never admit a mistake." Still, sometimes you wish you could retract something you said or did. Cats can retract their claws, and some snakes can retract their fangs, but words spoken in anger can never be fully retracted, or taken back.
WORD FAMILY
retract: retractable, retracted, retracting, retraction, retractor, retracts+/ retractable: nonretractable/ retraction: retractions/retractor: retractors
USAGE EXAMPLES
The vehicle is designed to be able to drive autonomously, with a steering wheel that retracts into the dashboard, launching the self-driving functions.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
The farmer tried to retract his confession before, while still in detention.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
But later that year, Nature retracts the two papers after it becomes clear that some of the data were falsified.
Nature(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 撤回或撤消; 缩回; 缩进
时态：retracted, retracting, retracts
分布：收回(56%)，缩回(38%)，撤销(6%)
→re-,向后，往回，-tract,拉，词源同 draw,tractor.
缩回;收回(re+tract拉→拉回,缩回)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
缩进;退缩(re向后+tract→向后拉→缩进)[tract=draw,表示"拉,拖"]
【记】re反，tract拉－拉回－缩回
【参】retractability（n 可伸缩性）
【反】foster（v 养育；鼓励）；tender（v 供应）
[rɪ'trækt] formal
verb
transitive
■to take back an offer or statement, etc. or admit that a statement was false 撤销；撤回；收回
• retract an invitation/confession/promise 取消邀请／翻供／收回承诺
• When questioned on TV, the minister retracted his allegations. 在接受电视采访时，部长收回了他以前的说法。
intransitive or transitive
■to pull something back or in 缩回；收起
• The wheels retract after the aircraft takes off. 飞机起飞后轮子便收了起来。
• The cat retracted its claws. 猫把爪子缩了回去。
vt. 缩回；缩进；取消
 - recall, abolish
vi. 缩回；缩进；撤消
 - repeal rescission, take back

Word: silo
Front: silo
[ˈsaɪləʊ] (16471/23215)
Vocabulary: silo
(once / 8736 pages)
n
A silo is a cylindrical tower used for bulk storage, like grain silos that stand tall near farms. Another kind of silo is harder to see — military silos are underground.
Farming and war are pretty different, but they both involve silos. You may have seen a silo if you've ever visited a farm. A silo is a tall tower with a cylindrical (rounded) shape. The silo holds anything the farmer needs to store in bulk, especially feed for the animals. Other, non-farm silos hold material such as cement or coal. The military type of silo holds something more dangerous: missiles. These silos store the missiles underground until they’re fired.
WORD FAMILY
silo: silos
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I just didn’t fit into any of their normal silos,” he said.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
As a precaution, Air Force security officers were dispatched to all the silos in the early-morning hours.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
On the outskirts of the capital, Asunción, a mountain of soyabean flour in a massive silo awaits loading.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 筒仓; （核武器的）发射井; （危险物品的）地下贮藏库; 青贮窖
分布：筒仓(86%)，青贮窖(14%)
→来自西班牙语 silo,地窖，来自拉丁语 sirus,地窖，来自希腊语 siros,地窖，谷物存放窖。后用 于指存放草料的窖，核武器发射井等。
US [-loʊ] (plural silos)
noun countable
■a large round tower on a farm for storing grain or winter food for cattle 塔状谷仓（贮存动物饲料的圆柱塔）
■a large underground place for storing and firing missiles 地下飞弹发射室

Word: shilling
Front: shilling
[ˈʃɪlɪŋ] (研四六 23182/5693 -1)
Vocabulary: shilling
(once / 290 pages)
n
A shilling is an old British coin, roughly equal to a nickel. Twenty shillings were equal to one pound.
The shilling isn't used any more in Great Britain, although other countries, like Uganda and Kenya, still use shillings. It was a small silver colored coin with a small value, similar to the nickel in the United States, that was used from the 1500's until Britain decimalised its currency in 1971 and stopped making shillings. The popular nickname for a shilling was a "bob."
WORD FAMILY
shilling: shillings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the Puritan colonies of North America, those who celebrated Christmas were fined five shillings.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Wash this down with fresh ginger sugar cane juice for 150 shillings.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Shilling says, “There will be other opportunities for me. You never say never.”
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 先令（英国1971年以前的货币单位，为一镑的二十分之一）
分布：名词(100%)
→来自古英语 scilling,先令，货币单位，来自 Proto-Germanic*skillingoz,先令，可能来自 skel, 切，劈，割，词源同 shale,scale.词义由切引申为铸造，最后用于货币单位，词义演变比较 coin,shekel,pound.
n.先令On the chilly hillside, he is unwilling to write his will on the ten-shilling bill.在寒冷的山坡上,他不愿意将遗嘱写在十先令的账单上.
noun countable
■a unit of money used in Britain until 1971, equal to 12 old pence or 5 new pence 先令（英国1971年前使用的一种货币单位，合12旧便士或5新便士）
■the standard unit of money used in Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania and Uganda 先令（肯亚、索马利亚、坦桑尼亚和乌干达使用的标准货币单位）
n. 先令
 - schelling, schilling, twelvepence

Word: scalp
Front: scalp
[skælp] (8655/10221 -1)
Back: n. 头皮; 胜利品; 圆秃秃的山顶; 做股票小投机所得的微小利润
vt. 剥去…的头皮; 倒卖（黄牛票）; 以（某物）囤积居奇牟取暴利; 夺取（对方的势力）
vi. 卖（黄牛票）
时态：scalped, scalping, scalps
分布：头皮(98%)，胜利品(1%)，拨顶(1%)
→可能来自古诺斯语 skalli,秃头，来自 skel,砍，切，词源同 scale,shell.引申词义头顶，头 皮，古代战争中剥下敌人头皮作为战利品，并引申俚语词义倒卖门票，黄牛。
noun countable
■the skin on the top of a person's head where hair usually grows 头皮
• a dry/oily/itchy scalp 干燥的／油性的／发痒的头皮
• Some tribes used to collect scalps to prove how many of the enemy they had killed in battle. 以前有些部落透过收集人的头皮来证明在战斗中杀死多少敌人。
■someone you defeat in a competition or election （在竞争或竞选中）击败的人； 手下败将
• Although they are expected to take some important scalps in the election, they are unlikely to form the next government. 尽管他们有可能在大选中击败一些重要人物，他们还是不可能组阁下一任政府。
[skælp] noun countable
be out for/after sb's scalp
■to want to defeat or punish someone in some way, especially to make them lose their job 决心击败（某人）；意图惩罚（某人）；（尤指）使（某人）丢掉工作
• He's made one mistake too many, and now they're out for his scalp. 他多次犯同一个错误，所以现在他们要把他解雇掉。
[skælp] verb transitive
SELL 卖 US informal
■to buy things, such as theatre tickets, at the usual prices and then sell them, when they are difficult to get, at much higher prices 卖黄牛票（戏票等）
[skælp] verb transitive
HEAD 头
■to cut off the scalp of a dead enemy as a sign of victory （作为战利品）剥下敌人尸体上）的头皮
humorous
■to cut someone's hair very short 把（某人）的头发理得很短
n. [解剖] 头皮；战利品
 - prize, capture

Word: sincerity
Front: sincerity
[sɪn'serətɪ] (六 10928/11290)
Vocabulary: sincerity
(once / 481 pages)
n
Sincerity is a mix of seriousness and honesty. If you do things with sincerity, people will trust you.
Along with patience and compassion, sincerity is one of those qualities we all probably wish we had more of — and wish other people had more of, too. People who show sincerity are being serious, kind, and truthful. Politicians who show sincerity tend to do well because people believe them. An apology full of sincerity will probably be accepted. On the other hand, if you show no sincerity — by being sarcastic or dismissive — well, who wants an apology like that?
WORD FAMILY
sincerity: sincerities+/ insincere: insincerely, insincerest, insincerity / insincerity: insincerities/ sincere: insincere, sincerely, sincerer, sincerest, sincerity
USAGE EXAMPLES
What if, while aiming for sincerity, I ended up with the worst thing of all … melodrama?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Yet Cambodians, mistrustful of the sincerity of these conversions, dismiss their newly adopted zeal for religious ideology.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
It’s still clumsy, but the show is certainly steadier than most of its peers in terms of sincerity, representation, and progressive politics.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 真挚，诚心诚意，诚意; 笃实; 襟怀坦白; 愫
分布：真诚(80%)，诚实(12%)，诚挚(8%)
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■honesty 诚实，真诚
• The priest was a man of deep sincerity. 那位牧师是个十分真诚的人。
n. 真实，诚挚
 - reality, true

Word: somaliland

Word: suffrage
Front: suffrage
[ˈsʌfrɪdʒ] (托宝 16498/10761)
Vocabulary: suffrage
(once / 333 pages)
n
Suffrage is the right to vote in public elections. Universal suffrage means everyone gets to vote, as opposed to only men, or property holders. Suffrage has nothing to do with "suffering," unless the wrong person is elected.
Female supporters of women's suffrage in 1906 were called suffragettes, because the French suffix –ette was trendy back then. But nowadays words with -ette are shunned because they imply the inferiority of women. So it seems that female supporters of a woman's right to vote were referred to by a sexist term.
WORD FAMILY
suffrage: suffrages, suffragette, suffragism, suffragist +/suffragette: suffragettes/ suffragist: suffragists
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the suffrage is also extended to a special class of citizen, whose number during the voting window was 58: past Heisman winners.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Powers, was a leading progressive clergyman in bustling Seattle back in the day, supporting the women’s suffrage movement, among other causes, with prayer and speeches.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
But she did not believe in women’s suffrage, nor did she believe that women could do all professions just as well as men.
Time(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. （政治性选举的）选举权，投票权
分布：选举权(45%)，投票(40%)，参政权(15%)
→来自拉丁语 suffragium,投票，投票权，支持，来自 suffragari,投票，给予支持，来自 sub,在 下，向上，-frag,碎开，碎片，词源同 break,fragment.来自古希腊古罗马时期用碎瓦片碎骨片 投票的习俗。比较 ostracism,用碎骨片投票驱逐。
投票,投票权(suf在下面+frage→打碎器皿庆祝胜利→表示赞成→投票)[fract,frang=break,表示"打碎"]
【记】suff下面，rage（n 愤怒），因为没有得到选举权
noun uncountable
■the right to vote in an election, especially for representatives in a parliament or similar organization （尤指选举议会等机构代表的）选举权，投票权
• universal suffrage (= the right of all adults to vote) 普选权
n. 选举权；投票；参政权；代祷；赞成票
 - poll, referendums

Word: unnatural
Front: unnatural
[ʌnˈnætʃrəl] (9663/8550 -1)
Vocabulary: unnatural
(once / 489 pages)
adj
Something unnatural is strange, fake, or abnormal. If you dye your hair hot pink, it's going to look unnatural — especially to your conservative grandparents.
It's unnatural for a wild animal to live inside someone's house; it goes against the way the animal normally lives in its natural environment. You could also describe your bright blue bottle of juice as an unnatural color. And if you try to impress someone by speaking in a French accent, that would also be unnatural. Unnatural adds the "not" prefix un- to natural, which comes from the Latin word naturalis, "by birth," or "according to nature."
WORD FAMILY
unnatural: unnaturally, unnaturalness+/denaturalise: denaturalised, denaturalises/denaturalize: denaturalized, denaturalizes, denaturalizing/ natural: naturalise, naturalism, naturalize, naturally, naturalness, naturals, nonnatural, supernatural, unnatural /naturalisation: naturalisations/naturalise: denaturalise, naturalisation, naturalised, naturalises, naturalising/naturalised: unnaturalised/ naturalism: naturalist, naturalistic / naturalist: naturalists/ naturalistic: naturalistically/ naturalization: naturalizations/ naturalize: denaturalize, naturalization, naturalized, naturalizes, naturalizing/naturalized: unnaturalized/naturalness: naturalnesses/ nature: ill-natured, natural, natures, naturism/naturism: naturist, naturistic/naturist: naturists/ supernatural: supernaturalism, supernaturally, supernaturalness, supernaturals/supernaturalism: supernaturalisms, supernaturalist, supernaturalistic/unnaturalness: unnaturalnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Bangkok Post newspaper reported that authorities suspected an unnatural death.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
It would be unnatural if the theater didn’t register the collective consternation.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Wonderfully unnatural, Steinkamp’s apples, oranges, pears, plums and peaches resemble the offspring of an old-fashioned slot machine’s whirling symbols and a galaxy on the fritz.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 不自然的，做作的; 奇异的; 不真诚的; 违背人性的，变态的
分布：不自然的(75%)，反常的(15%)，不近人情的(10%)
US [-ɚ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■not natural 不自然的；勉强的；反常的
adj. 不自然的；反常的；不近人情的
 - abnormal, campy

Word: tumultuous
Front: tumultuous
[tju:ˈmʌltʃuəs] (12581/19961)
Vocabulary: tumultuous
(once / 1252 pages)
adj
The adjective tumultuous means "disruptive," "troubled," "disorderly," or "turbulent."
You might hear the adjective tumultuous in news stories about riots because it's one of the best words to describe a group of people in turmoil or disorder, but it can mean anything in a state of unrest. For example, you might steer your boat into a safe harbor before a heavy storm, so the tumultuous waves won't sweep you onto the rocks.
WORD FAMILY
tumultuous: tumultuously, tumultuousness+/ tumult: tumults, tumultuous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Does one emotion above all hold the key to understanding a year of tumultuous political change?
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
And in Egypt, the tumultuous political situation caused many repatriation cases to be dropped.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A sign in the dining room is a reminder of the tumultuous construction era: “One long whistle: Preparing to blast.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 骚乱的; 吵闹的; 狂暴的; 激烈的
分布：骚动的(45%)，激烈的(22%)，喧哗的(22%)，极其激动的(11%)
→来自 tumult,骚乱，混乱。引申词义热烈的，欢腾的。
【反】serene（adj 平静的）
US [tu:-] formal
adjective
■very loud, or full of confusion, change or uncertainty 吵闹的，喧哗的；骚乱的，混乱的
• Dame Joan appeared to tumultuous applause and a standing ovation. 琼‧萨瑟兰女爵出场时，人们起立鼓掌，欢呼声经久不息。
• After the tumultuous events of 1990, Eastern Europe was completely transformed. 经历了1990年的一系列动荡和骚乱事件后，东欧发生了剧变。
adj. 吵闹的；骚乱的；狂暴的
 - angry, turbulent

Word: ace
Front: ace
[eɪs] (13343/4892 -2)
Vocabulary: ace
(once / 2051 pages)
1n 2nadjv 3nv 4v
An ace is a playing card with the highest value in a deck. There are four aces in a full deck of cards, each with a single heart, spade, diamond, or club pictured on it.
Ace can also describe someone who's excellent at a particular skill: "He's an ace at making homemade jam!" In tennis, an ace is a point scored on a missed serve, and in golf it's a hole in one. When you ace something, you do a great job: "Just get in there and ace that math test today!" The earliest meaning was "one at dice," from the Latin as, "a unit, one, or a whole."
WORD FAMILY
ace: aced, aces, acing
USAGE EXAMPLES
He opened the singles showdown with an ace before breaking Evans in the sixth game of the first set.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
She also remembers a time when Dominic called her while she was on campus to assure her that she would ace another exam.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Two Kings scouts, Ace Bailey and Mark Bavis, were on the doomed Sept. 11 flight.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 幺点; 发球得分; 王牌驾驶员; 佼佼者
adj. 第一流的; 极好的; 能干的; 杰出的
vt. 发球得分; 彻底打败，击败; 得高分; 顺利通过考试
时态：aced, acing, aces
分布：发球得分(40%)，高手(18%)，幺点(11%)，一流的(11%)，好手(8%)，考试中取得好成绩(6%)，卓越的(6%)
→来自拉丁词as, 一，原指一种最低面值的铜币，后来受扑克牌A影响，表示王牌，优。
noun countable
PLAYING CARD 扑克牌
■one of the four playing cards with a single mark or spot, which have the highest or lowest value in many card games A 纸牌，爱司
• the ace of hearts/clubs/spades/diamonds 红心／梅花／黑桃／方块 A
[eɪs] noun countable
SKILLED PERSON 有技能的人 informal
■a person who is very skilled at something 擅长…的人，精通…的人；能手
• a tennis/flying ace 网球高手／王牌飞行员
[eɪs] noun countable
TENNIS 网球
■in tennis, a serve (= a hit of the ball which starts play) which is so strong and fast that the other player cannot return the ball （网球）发球得分
• That's the third ace that Violente has served this match. 那是维奥兰特在这场比赛中第三次发球得分。
[eɪs] noun countable
an ace up your sleeve (US also an ace in the hole)
■secret knowledge or a secret skill which will give you an advantage 秘密王牌；锦囊妙计
[eɪs] noun countable
come within an ace of sth UK
■to almost achieve something 差一点，几乎
• She came within an ace of winning the match. 她差一点就赢了这场比赛。
[eɪs] noun countable
have/hold all the aces
■to be in a strong position when you are competing with someone else because you have all the advantages 占绝对优势
• In a situation like this, it's the big companies who hold all the aces. 在这种形势下，占尽优势的是那些大公司。
[eɪs] verb transitive US informal
■to do very well in an examination …考得很好
• I was up all night studying, but it was worth it - I aced my chemistry final. 我熬了个通宵学习，倒是没有白费心血，化学期终考试我考得很好。
[eɪs] adjective old-fashioned slang
■excellent 第一流的，极好的
• He's an ace footballer. 他是位一流的足球运动员。
• That's an ace bike you've got there. 你那辆脚踏车棒极了。
n. 发球得分；幺点；佼佼者
 - flagship, cordon bleu
adj. 一流的，突出的
 - prominent, pointed, striking
vt. 以发球赢一分；击败
 - defeat, down

Word: affluence
Front: affluence
['æflʊəns] (六托宝 14739/14390)
Vocabulary: affluence
(once / 3202 pages)
n
Affluence means great wealth and abundance, such as the great riches found by ancient explorers who exploited the new worlds of North and South America.
The roots of the word affluence are recognizable in the Latin affluentia, which refers to something that flows toward (someone). We can see the connection when we think of the flow of wealth that signifies affluence in our society. For centuries we have seen the affluence in the United States that sparked admiration and jealousy among poorer nations, and we have seen that same affluence rising now in China, as it prepares to take its place as a major world power.
WORD FAMILY
affluence: affluences+/ affluent: affluence, affluently, affluents
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s an understated satire on gentrification, in which multiracial affluence doesn’t provide immunity from the ancient clashes of urban life.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In the countryside, where such pockets of affluence are rare to nonexistent, so too, presumably, are any of these sorts of glitzy decorations.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
These voters, who often echo Trump’s own campaign statements, say the affluence of his Cabinet picks is an advantage, not a liability.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 富裕; 富足
分布：富裕(100%)
富裕;财富(af+flu+ence)[flu=flow,表示"流动"]
N-UNCOUNT
富裕；富足
Affluence is the state of having a lot of money or a high standard of living.
例：The postwar era was one of new affluence for the working class.战后是工人阶级富裕起来的全新时期。
n. 富裕；丰富；流入；汇聚
 - abundance, plenty, pregnancy, amplitude, richness

Word: amazingly
Front: amazingly
[ə'meɪzɪŋlɪ] (8727/9626)
Back: adv. 令人惊奇地
分布：惊奇地(67%)，惊人地(33%)
ADJ-GRADED
令人称奇的；惊人的
You say that something is amazing when it is very surprising and makes you feel pleasure, approval, or wonder.
例：It's amazing what we can remember with a little prompting...稍加提醒我们就能想起很多东西，真是让人惊奇。
例：This movie has some of the most amazing stunts you're ever likely to see.这部电影里有一些可能是你见所未见、让人惊叹的特技。
adv. 令人惊讶地；惊奇地
 - astonishingly, marvelously

Word: brute
Front: brute
[bru:t] (四六宝 11905/11576 -1)
Vocabulary: brute
(once / 322 pages)
1adjn 2n
His road rage may turn your dad into a brute when he gets behind the wheel. A brute is a person who is as ferocious as a wild animal.
A violent, savage person can be described as a brute, and so can a wild animal. Someone who's less monstrous but is still unpleasant can also be a brute, and it can be used as an adjective to mean, basically, "brutal." If it's more animal than human, you can call it brute, like the brute power of an invading army. The Latin brutus, "heavy, dull, or stupid," gave rise to brute, which through the 15th century only referred to animals.
WORD FAMILY
brute: brutely, brutes
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is we who are the true monsters and brutes and demons and wild things, not them.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
“It’s all just about brute strength,” Allen said.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
A grandmaster does not find the best move in a position via brute force, as a computer does.
Slate(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 畜生，兽; 残暴的人; 兽性
adj. 残忍的; 畜生的，动物的; 无理性的
分布：畜生(44%)，残忍的(28%)，残忍的人(16%)，无理性的(9%)，粗暴的(3%)
→来自词根bar, 重，见barometer, 气压计，gravity, 重力。此处词义由重到呆滞，愚蠢，野兽，最后指野兽般的，野蛮的。
【记】brut野兽－残忍的人
noun countable disapproving
■a rough and sometimes violent man 残忍的人
• [as form of address] Take your hands off me, you brute! 把手松开，你这畜牲！
■an animal, especially a large one （尤指大个的）野兽，畜牲
• Your dog's an ugly brute, isn't it? 你那条狗是个丑陋的家伙，对吧？
• The oldest elephant was lame, poor brute. 那只最老的大象腿跛了，可怜的家伙。
[bru:t] adjective [before noun]
brute force
■great physical force or strength 强力，极大的力量
• In the end she used brute force to push him out. 最后她使出吃奶的力气将他推了出去。
beast, brute, creature, cattle, animal
这组词都有“动物”的意思，其区别是：
beast: 指有别于爬行动物、昆虫等的较大的四脚兽类或牛、马等牲畜。
brute: 特指野兽。用于人时，突出其野蛮或残忍。
creature: 通常指生物或动物，与非生动相对。指人时，则含怜悯或轻蔑的意味。
cattle: 指大牲畜，尤其指牛。
animal: 普通用词，指区别于植物和矿物而言的动物的总称。
adj. 残忍的；无理性的
 - cruel, ferocious
n. 畜生；残暴的人
 - beast, subman

Word: assignment
Front: assignment
[əˈsaɪnmənt] (研四六托雅 3128/3817 -2)
Vocabulary: assignment
(once / 1129 pages)
n
Whether you’re an international spy with a new mission or a high school student with math homework — when you get an assignment, you’d better do it! An assignment is a task that someone in authority has asked you to do.
The word assignment is just the noun form of the common verb assign, which you use when you want to give someone a duty or a job. When you assign something, that something is called an assignment. The word can also refer to the act of distributing something. If you are distributing new office furniture at work, you might say, “Assignment of the new chairs will begin tomorrow.”
WORD FAMILY
assignment: assignments+/ assign: assignable, assignation, assigned, assignee, assigning, assignment, assigns, reassign /assignable: unassignable/ assignation: assignations/assigned: unassigned /assignee: assignees/ reassign: reassigned, reassigning, reassignment, reassigns/reassignment: reassignments/unassignable: unassignably
USAGE EXAMPLES
If his players weren’t at practice, meals, or meetings, he wanted them resting, visualizing their assignments on the field.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Hawks: F Mike Scott was assigned to the Long Island Nets of the NBA Development League, his third D-League assignment of the season.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
I recently visited Tokyo for the first time while working on an assignment for The Washington Post Magazine.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 分给，分配; 任务，工作，（课外）作业; <美>任命; 指定，委派
分布：任务(53%)，分配(42%)，功课(3%)，委派(2%)
分配;指定(assign+ment)[sign=mark表示"记号,信号"]
n.分配,指派;(指定的)作业,(分派的)任务The resigned designer is designated to an assignment of reigning the foreigners.辞职的设计者被指派了一个去统治外国人的任务.
noun
countable
■a piece of work given to someone, typically as part of their studies or job （尤指学业或工作方面的）任务，功课
• a freelance/photo assignment 自由职业／摄影任务
• I have a lot of reading assignments to complete before the end of term. 期末前我有大量阅读功课要完成。
countable
■a job that someone is sent somewhere to do （被派遣到某地做的）工作
• a foreign/diplomatic assignment 外交任命
on assignment
■Someone who is on assignment is doing a particular job or piece of work, usually in a specified place where they have been sent for a period of time. 执行任务；（通常指被派遣到特定地点，在一段时间内从事的）工作
• Both journalists were killed by terrorists whilst on assignment in Colombia. 两名记者均在哥伦比亚执行采访任务时被恐怖分子杀害。
uncountable
■the process of giving a particular job or piece of work to someone, or of sending people to chosen places to do jobs 分配（任务）；指派（人员）
• assignment of the various tasks 各种任务的分配
assignment, task, profession, job
assignment: 指分派做的特定任务，也指长期性工作
task: 被派或自愿承担工作，尤指困难、辛劳的工作
profession: 指从事脑力劳动，经过特殊培训的“职业”，如老师
job: 常指短期任务
n. 分配；任务；作业；功课
 - allocation, distribution, role, mission, task

Word: catapult
Front: catapult
[ˈkætəpʌlt] (宝 16678/16002 -1)
Vocabulary: catapult
(once / 4484 pages)
nv
A catapult is something that hurls things through the air, like a catapult that sends pumpkins flying in an annual Halloween competition.
To pronounce catapult, accent the first syllable: "CAT a pult." Catapult can also be a verb that means "to hurl or shoot forward." It's not only objects that catapult. A hit single can catapult a band to great fame, for example, or a high score may catapult you into first place. Just don't catapult any cats. That would catapult you to notoriety, and probably also to jail.
WORD FAMILY
catapult: catapulted, catapultian, catapultic, catapulting, catapults
USAGE EXAMPLES
In those cases, in contrast with the Nike-Michigan arrangement, the teams own the data, a Catapult spokesman said.
New York Times(Sep 09, 2016)
Trump's 11-year stint on "The Apprentice" and sister show "Celebrity Apprentice" catapulted him from New York businessman to a household name.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
It was a part that catapulted her into the limelight as one of the most famous faces on the planet.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 弹弓; 石弩; 飞机弹射器; 弹射座椅
vt. 用弩炮发射; 用弹弓射; 用弹射器发射; 猛投
vi. 用弹射器弹射; 快速移动
时态：catapulted, catapulting, catapults
分布：发射(69%)，发射机(21%)，弹弩(10%)
→cata-, 向下。-pul, 扔，投掷，词源同appeal, pulse.
【记】cata下，pult读：炮塔。炮塔可以用弹弓向下面发射石头－弹弓cata下，pult读：炮他：向下用炮打他－弹弓
US ['kætˌ-] noun countable
■a device which can throw objects at a high speed 投射器；石弩；弹射器
• In the past, armies used catapults to hurl heavy stones at enemy fortifications. 古代军队使用石弩将重石投向敌人的防御工事。
• On that type of aircraft carrier, a catapult was used to help launch aircraft. 那种航空母舰利用弹射器弹射飞机升空。
■UK (US slingshot) (Australian also shanghai)
■a Y-shaped stick or piece of metal with a piece of elastic (= material that stretches) fixed to the top parts, used especially by children for shooting small stones （儿童玩的）弹弓
UK ['kæt.ə.pʌlt] US ['kætˌ-] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to throw someone or something with great force 把…射出，把…弹出
• When the two vehicles collided, he was catapulted forwards. 两车相撞时，他被甩向了前方。
be catapulted into sth
■to suddenly experience a particular state, such as fame 突然经历；一跃而成
• The award for best actress meant that almost overnight she was catapulted into the limelight. 获得最佳女演员奖意味着她几乎一夜之间成了公众关注的焦点。
n. 弹弓；石弩； [航] [军] 飞机弹射器；（飞机上的）座椅弹射器
 - slingshot
vt. 用弹弓射；用弹射器发射；猛投
 - hurtle
vi. 用弹射器弹射；快速移动
 - barrel

Word: calamitous
Front: calamitous
[kəˈlæmɪtəs] (25173/32962)
Vocabulary: calamitous
(once / 6417 pages)
adj
A calamitous event is one that leads to a catastrophe — like the calamitous crashing of your parents' car into the garage door.
Calamitous is an adjective that is generally used to describe events, and these events are disastrous or destructive. A failed election can be a calamitous event for a politician, especially if he loses by a landslide. Ever heard of Calamity Jane? She was known for her wild, calamitous behavior in the Wild West during the 19th century. Steer clear of anyone with a name like Calamity.
WORD FAMILY
calamitous: calamitously+/ calamity: calamities, calamitous
USAGE EXAMPLES
An eventual fracturing of the common currency would likely be a calamitous event for financial markets.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 06, 2016)
The effects can be even more calamitous in countries with fewer checks and balances, and weaker institutions and independent media.
New York Times(Nov 15, 2016)
To suffer such calamitous defeats and not feel the need to change is to behave as irresponsibly as the US Democratic party.
The Guardian(Nov 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 灾难的，悲惨的; 多灾多难; 惨重
分布：造成灾祸的(100%)
→来自calamity, 灾难。
adj. 灾难的，悲惨的；不幸的
 - evil, catastrophic, miserable

Word: carol
Front: carol
[ˈkærəl] (宝 28576/5731 -1)
Vocabulary: carol
(once / 830 pages)
nv
A carol is a religious song that's sung around Christmas time. In some towns, people who celebrate Christmas go to neighbors' houses and sing carols.
The most well-known carols are Christmas carols, but word applies to other religious songs as well. Various hymns and folk songs are sometimes called carols, and you can use the word as a verb to mean "sing a carol." In the 14th century, carol meant "to sing," but also "to dance in a ring," from the Old French carole, "ring dance accompanied by singers," probably from the Greek khoraules, "flute player who accompanies the dance."
WORD FAMILY
carol: caroled, caroler, caroling, carolled, carolling, carols+/caroler: carolers/caroling: carolings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Family matriarch Carol Bundy is expressing fear that the government will ban grazing in the Gold Butte area — although the U.S.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Family matriarch Carol Bundy is expressing fear that the government will ban grazing in the Gold Butte area - although the U.S.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Carol Morello in Washington contributed to this report.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 圣诞之歌，（宗教）颂歌; 卡罗尔舞蹈
vi. 欢乐地唱; 唱圣诞颂歌
vt. 欢唱; 歌唱庆祝
时态：carolled, carolling, carols
分布：颂歌(80%)，欢唱(15%)，欢乐的歌(5%)
→来自PIE *gher, 围，围场。词源同chorus, garden. 原指围成一圈唱歌，庆祝。
【源】choral dance 卡勒尔舞：古代的一种有伴唱的圆圈舞或集体舞
【记】有一首外文歌《carol》，表达了歌唱人对carol（卡罗尔，女子名）的爱慕之情。
US ['ker-] noun countable
■a happy or religious song, usually one sung at Christmas 欢快的歌；圣歌；（通常指）圣诞颂歌
• a carol concert 颂歌音乐会
• 'Silent Night' is my favourite (Christmas) carol. “平安夜”是我最喜欢的圣诞颂歌。
UK ['kær.əl] US ['ker-] verb intransitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to sing songs, especially carols, in a loud and happy way 欢快地歌唱；（尤指）唱颂歌
n. 颂歌，赞美诗；欢乐之歌
 - epithalamion, canticle
vt. 欢唱；歌颂
 - praise, pay a tribute to

Word: dentist
Front: dentist
[ˈdentɪst] (中高研六托雅 6301/6054 -K2)
Vocabulary: dentist
(once / 1743 pages)
n
A dentist is a doctor who specializes in teeth, gums, and the mouth. If you get a bad toothache, you should probably go to the dentist to make sure you don't have a cavity.
When you visit the dentist, you might have your teeth and gums examined and cleaned, or you may need surgery for an impacted wisdom tooth or x-rays to make sure you don't have cavities. Dentists are health care professionals who attend dental school and train for several years before practicing. Dentist comes from the French dentiste, from dent. or "tooth."
WORD FAMILY
dentist: dentists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Did his artificial hips put him at risk of infection when he saw the dentist?
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Just kidding, don’t do that, that’s how you end up spending December 26th at the dentist for an emergency filling.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
He is 40, with the receding hairline and blandly gentle affect of a family dentist.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 牙科医生
分布：牙科医生(100%)
→来自词根dent, 牙齿。
牙科医生(dent+ist人)[dent=tooth,表示"牙齿"]
医科医生(dent牙齿+ist)[-ist表名词"表示信仰,专家或从事某活动的人"以-ist结尾的单词,不少同时可作形容词用]
n.牙医I'm confident that the dentist will deny the confidential accidental incident.我确信牙医会否认那个机密的意外事件.
US [-tˌɪst] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a person whose job is treating people's teeth 牙科医生
• You should have your teeth checked by a dentist at least twice a year. 你每年至少应该请牙科医生检查两次牙齿。
dentist's * the place where a dentist carries out their job
• I've got to go to the dentist's on Friday. 周五我要去看牙。
dentist, surgeon, physician, doctor
这组词都有“医生”的意思，其区别是：
dentist: 指专门从事治牙的医生。
surgeon: 指专修外科或专修人体某个部分的外科专科医生，这种医生一般需对患者进行手术治疗。
physician: 指医院的内科医生。
doctor: 普通用词，泛指各科医生，即一切有行医资格的人。
n. 牙科医生
 - dental surgeon

Word: centimetre
Front: centimetre
[ˈsentɪmi:tə(r)] (高研四六 -/8893 -K1)
Back: n. 厘米，公分; =“centimeter”（美）
分布：厘米(100%)
n.(centimeter)厘米
US [-tˌɪˌmi:.tˌɚ] (written abbreviation cm)
noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■a unit of length equal to 0.01 of a metre 厘米

Word: helper
Front: helper
[ˈhelpə(r)] (托 8933/6980 -1)
Back: n. 助手，帮手; 起救助作用的东西
分布：助手(69%)，帮手(31%)
US [-pɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■someone who helps with an activity 帮手，帮忙者
• The teachers make great use of volunteer helpers. 教师们充分利用志愿者做帮手。
n. 助手，帮手
 - friend, assistant, aid, mate

Word: foam
Front: foam
[fəʊm] (研六托雅 6178/7153 -1)
Vocabulary: foam
(once / 384 pages)
nv
Foam is a substance with so many tiny air bubbles that it becomes frothy or thick. Your liquid shampoo becomes a foam as you lather it into your wet hair.
There's a layer of foam on top of your root beer float, and shaving cream usually comes out of its can in the form of foam. When something froths up this way, you can say that it foams, like turbulent ocean water or a bubble bath that grows as you add water to the tub. The Old English root word is fam, which means "foam," but also "saliva froth" and "sea."
WORD FAMILY
foam: foamed, foaming, foams, foamy +/foaming: foamingly/ foamy: foamier, foamiest, foamily, foaminess
USAGE EXAMPLES
On the next play, Booker T.’s quarterback, who last year suffered a concussion that left him foaming at the mouth, tossed an interception.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The extra height of the lid accommodates whipped cream or cappuccino foam, and its inner ring reduces “dribble at the rim,” the company’s website says.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The foam looks the part, but tends to melt after 15 minutes in the heat.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vi. 起泡沫; 吐白沫
n. 泡沫; 泡沫材料，泡沫状物
vt. 使起泡沫; 使成泡沫状物
时态：foamed, foaming, foams
分布：泡沫(96%)，起泡沫(3%)，沸腾(1%)
→来自spoi, 喷出，吐出，词源同spit, spew, spume. 原指海浪喷涌形成的泡沫，后词义通用化。拼写比较flint, splinter.
v./n.泡沫,起泡沫The beer foamed over onto the table.啤酒起泡溢流在桌上.
US [foʊm] noun uncountable
■a mass of very small bubbles formed on the surface of a liquid 泡沫
■a substance like cream which is filled with bubbles of air 泡沫剂
• shaving foam 泡沫剃须膏
■a soft material used to fill furniture and other objects 泡沫橡胶，海绵橡胶
UK [fəʊm] US [foʊm] verb intransitive
■to produce small bubbles 起泡沫
foam at the mouth
■If a person or an animal foams at the mouth, they have bubbles coming out of their mouth as a result of a disease. （因发病）口吐白沫
UK [fəʊm] US [foʊm] verb intransitive
be foaming at the mouth
■to be extremely angry 大发雷霆，大怒
• The Almeida theatre's recent staging of the opera had critics foaming at the mouth. 阿尔梅达剧院最近上演的歌剧招致评论家大加贬斥。
n. 泡沫；水沫；灭火泡沫
 - bubble, spray, yeast
vi. 起泡沫；吐白沫；起着泡沫流动
 - spume

Word: kepler

Word: kindergarten
Front: kindergarten
[ˈkɪndəgɑ:tn] (高研雅 6121/20561 -1)
Vocabulary: kindergarten
(once / 2211 pages)
n
Kindergarten is where children are introduced to school; it's where five year old children learn all about their ABC's and choice time.
Kindergarten comes from the German words Kinder ("children") and Garten ("garden"). A garden of children is a lovely and poetic image for a classroom full of antsy kids trying their hardest to master basic skills and ideas through creative and interactive lessons. But perhaps that is just how they were seen by the 19th-century German educator Friedrich Fröbel, who is credited with inventing kindergarten, his "method of developing intelligence in young children."
WORD FAMILY
kindergarten: kindergartener, kindergartens, kindergartner+/kindergartener: kindergarteners/kindergartner: kindergartners
USAGE EXAMPLES
A tall auburn-haired woman in her forties, she starts her science students working with the farm when they’re in kindergarten.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
When students begin the program in kindergarten, they are quickly immersed into the language, Linn-Hasbrouck said.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
We hope that this program lays the groundwork for children to be better prepared for kindergarten and beyond.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 幼儿园，学前班
分布：幼儿园(100%)
→来自德语，Kind,小孩，儿童，来自gene,生育，出生，词源同kin,-er,复数后缀，Garten,花园，词源同garden.即儿童的花园，或一花园的儿童，比喻义要像对待花园里面的花朵一样对待儿童。
n.幼儿园My son is reluctant to go to the kindergarten.我儿子不愿去上幼儿园.
US [-dɚˌgɑ:r-] noun countable or uncountable mainly US the first year of school, for children aged 5 （五岁儿童上的）学前班
UK for * nursery school
n. 幼儿园；幼稚园
 - play school, nursery school

Word: laughter
Front: laughter
[ˈlɑ:ftə(r)] (高研四六 3397/3321 -3)
Vocabulary: laughter
(once / 152 pages)
n
Whether you giggle or chuckle or snort with amusement, what you're producing is laughter. Laughter is also what people hear when you laugh.
Funny movies, your friends' jokes, and absurd or embarrassing situations all cause laughter, which is the word for both the action and the sound of someone laughing. Laughter can be a silent, shaking movement, or a loud guffaw. There are a few other primates besides humans who experience laughter, and most babies can shake with laughter before they're even able to speak.
WORD FAMILY
laughter: laughters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Joe’s Pub, the glimmering nightclub at the Public Theater, bursts with laughter and cheers.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
They leered across the bar throwing judgmental daggers at the laughter and sparkles.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
But in her class at West Chester University, there’s laughter.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 笑，笑声; 〈古〉好笑的事; 〈美俚〉力量悬殊得可笑的体育比赛; 大笑
分布：笑声(100%)
→来自laugh的名词形式。
n.笑,笑声In the beautiful bureau my daughter's laughter served for the sauce of the sausage.在漂亮的办公署,女儿的笑声充当了香肠的调料.
US ['læf.tɚ] noun uncountable
 ESSENTIAL
■the act or sound of laughing 笑；笑声
• She roared with laughter (= laughed very loudly). 她放声大笑起来。
• As we approached the hall we could hear the sound of laughter. 我们快走到大厅时可以听到里面传出的笑声。
UK ['lɑ:f.tər] US ['læf.tɚ] noun uncountable
Laughter is the best medicine. saying
■said to mean that trying to be happy is a good way to stop worrying 欢笑是良药。
n. 笑；笑声
 - risus

Word: locomotive
Front: locomotive
[ˌləʊkəˈməʊtɪv] (研四六托雅宝 11729/5203 -2)
Back: n. 火车头; 机车
adj. 移动的; 运动的
分布：机车(76%)，火车头(19%)，运动的(2%)，火车头的(2%)，旅行的(1%)
→来自locomotion,移动，运动，引申词义机车，火车头。
火车头;机车(loco+mot动+ive→从一地动到一地→火车头)[loc=place,表示"地方"]
火车头(loco地方+mot+ive→从一个地方动到另一个地方→火车头)[mot=move,表示"动"]
火车头(loco地方+mot动...从一地动到另一地)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
n.机车,火车头a.运动的,移动的,运载的Revolutions are the locomotives of history.革命是历史的火车头.
【记】local地方，motive动：从一个地方动到另一个地方－机车！
【参】locate（v 查找…的地点；位于）；locale（n 现场；场所）；locus（n 地点，所在地）；locust（n 蝗虫）从一个地方吃到另一个地方
US [ˌloʊ.kə'moʊ.tˌɪv] noun countable (UK informal loco)
■the engine of a train 火车头，机车
UK [ˌləʊ.kə'məʊ.tɪv] US [ˌloʊ.kə'moʊ.tˌɪv] adjective
■relating to movement or the ability to move 运动的；有运动能力的
engine, locomotive
这组词都有“机车，火车头”的意思，其区别是：
engine: 其区别在于所使用的地区不同，engine是英国英语
locomotive: 其区别在于所使用的地区不同，而locomotive为美国英语。
adj. [铁路] 火车头的；运动的；移动的
 - moving, sport, athletic, kinetic
n. 机车； [铁路] 火车头
 - engine, haulage motor

Word: minuscule
Front: minuscule
[ˈmɪnəskju:l] (托宝 13257/18985)
Vocabulary: minuscule
(once / 11808 pages)
1adj 2adjn
When something is teeny tiny, it is minuscule. If your mother calls your miniskirt minuscule, it probably means she wants you to change into something a bit less revealing.
In minuscule, you see the word, minus, which means lesser. The word minuscule has its roots in the Latin expression minuscula littera, a phrase used to describe the smaller letters in text. In the late 1800s, the use of the word expanded to mean very small in general — so the definition of minuscule became less minuscule.
WORD FAMILY
minuscule: minuscular, minuscules
USAGE EXAMPLES
In truth, customers lost only $1.5 million, which, if we’re being honest, is minuscule for a bank the size of Wells Fargo.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
I’ll need tiny miner’s helmet for light and a minuscule bulldozer.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Cider orchards are a minuscule portion of that, but they’re increasing.
Washington Post(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 非常小的，极不重要的
分布：很小的(46%)，小写字(36%)，小写字的(18%)
→来自拉丁语minus,较小的，较少的，-cul,小词后缀，词源同molecule.即相当小的，极小的。
极小的(min+uscule表形容词或名词→小的→极小的)[mini,min=small,表示"小"]
【记】min小
【参】minuet（n 米奴哀小步舞）
【反】gargantuan（adj 巨大的）；lengthy document（冗长的文件）
adjective
■extremely small 微小的，极小的
• All she gave him to eat was two minuscule pieces of toast. 她只给他吃了两小片烤面包。
adj. 极小的；用草写小字写的
 - itty-bitty, teeny

Word: perimeter
Front: perimeter
[pəˈrɪmɪtə(r)] (六托雅宝 6584/8620 -1)
Vocabulary: perimeter
(once / 6031 pages)
n
The noun perimeter refers to the border of an enclosed space. The perimeter of a house is its property line. For a country, it would be that country’s borders.
From Latin, meaning “around” (peri)and “measure” (metron), a perimeter is basically a boundary of any kind, measuring around the shape. In mathematics, perimeter refers to the length of this boundary. In geometry class, you might be asked to calculate the perimeter of a polygon, which is the sum of the length of each side. You might also hear this word used by members of the military or a police force as in “secure the perimeter” or “the perimeter has been breached.” A basketball player that likes to shoot from the three point line is said to “operate on the perimeter.”
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
parameter / perimeter
Parameter is a limit that affects how something can be done, and perimeter is the outline of a physical area. Both words have special meanings in math, but they take off their pocket protectors and relax their definitions when they join the rest of us.
Parameter is the fancier math and science word. In mathematics, parameter is a measurable factor in a system. Outside of math, parameter is still a factor, property, or characteristic. It can also be a boundary or a limit. Here are some examples:
That makes it the heaviest observed elementary particle yet discovered, but within the parameters set by the Standard Model. (Scientific America)
"As hard as journalism is, at least you have parameters," she said. (New York Times)
Within those parameters, Ms. Gray played with color, creating an upbeat show reflecting London's mad, mad fashion world. (New York Times)
In mathematics, the perimeter is the boundary of a geometric figure. In mainstream language, it can be the limit of any physical area, often one protected by an armed force: secure the perimeter! Here are some examples from the news:
Police set up a perimeter around the house and blocked off Avery Street for safety reasons, Sgt. Scott Custer said. (Inquiring News)
Newest study finds fuel spill's perimeter expanding. (KOB-TV)
Some linguistic snobs don't like parameter's meaning of a boundary or limit when perimeter would do. But according to Garner's Modern American Usage, the use of parameter to mean boundary is "virtually universal" except by "die-hard snoots." Unless you are writing for such an audience (a math professor, perhaps), you can use parameter to mean boundary.
Just remember: The parameters of playing hide-and-seek are not peeking while you count, and to stay within the perimeter of the yard when you hide.
WORD FAMILY
perimeter: perimeters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Stanford: The Cardinal is struggling to defend the perimeter and the dribble drive.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Turgeon tried to move him back to his natural position on the perimeter in late November, which produced a promising showing against Oklahoma State.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Arizona struggled from the perimeter most of the game before Simmons provided a big lift in the second half.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. <数>周长; 周围，边界
分布：周长(51%)，边缘(34%)，周界(15%)
→peri-,在周围，-meter,测量，词源同meter,diameter.引申词义外缘，周长。
周边(peri+meter测量→测量一圈→周边)[peri-表示"周围,靠近"]
周长(peri周围+meter)[meter,metr,meas,mens=measure,表示"计量,测量等"]
【记】peri周围，meter测量－测量周围的长度
US [-'rɪm.ə.tˌɚ] noun countable
■the outer edge of an area of land or the border around it 周边，边缘
• Protesters cut a hole in the perimeter fence. 抗议人士在周围的栅栏上破开了一个洞。
• A river runs along one side of the field's perimeter. 有条河沿这片田地的一侧流过。
specialized
■the length of the outer edge of a shape 周，周长
n. [数] 周长；周界； [眼科] 视野计
 - circumference, campimeter

Word: papal
Front: papal
[ˈpeɪpl] (12068/6785 -1)
Vocabulary: papal
(once / 815 pages)
adj
Anything papal has to do to with the Pope, such as papal orders or papal ceremonies.
The Catholic Church is led by the Pope. His office is the papacy, and anything that is ordered by the Pope or involving the Pope can be called papal. The papal robes are ornamental and beautiful. The power of the Pope can be called the papal authority. Someone who represents the Pope is a papal representative. Anything papal can also be referred to as pontifical or apostolic, since the Pope is considered the modern version of Jesus' apostles.
WORD FAMILY
papal: papally+/antipope: antipopes/pope: antipope, papal, popery, popes, popish/popery: poperies, poperys/popish: popisher, popishly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Queues often stretch right along the outside of the papal palace complex.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
But then he recalled his own words during his first papal greeting in 2013, when he said: “Old age is the thirst for knowledge.”
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Under a new papal decree, all senior church officials working in the Vatican now automatically lose their jobs on their 80th birthday.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 教皇的; 教皇职位或权力的; 罗马教廷的; 教皇任期的
分布：罗马教皇的(84%)，与罗马教皇或教皇制度有关的(16%)
→来自papa,教皇。
adjective
■connected with the position or authority of the pope (= the leader of the Roman Catholic church) 教宗的
• a papal messenger/announcement/election 教宗的使者／公告／选举
adj. 教宗的；罗马教皇的；教皇制度的
 - popish

Word: repudiate
Front: repudiate
[rɪˈpju:dieɪt] (托宝 13624/11560 -1)
Vocabulary: repudiate
(once / 995 pages)
1v 2v
To repudiate something is to reject it, or to refuse to accept or support it. If you grow up religious, but repudiate all organized religion as an adult, you might start spending holidays at the movies, or just going to work.
This verb usually refers to rejecting something that has authority, such as a legal contract, doctrine, or claim. In connection with debts or other obligations, repudiate is used in the specialized sense "to refuse to recognize or pay." If referring to a child or a lover, repudiate is used in the sense "to disown, cast off." This verb is derived from Latin repudiare "to put away, divorce."
WORD FAMILY
repudiate: repudiated, repudiates, repudiating, repudiation, repudiative+/ repudiation: repudiations
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Somalia, commanders of the al-Shabaab movement ruthlessly eliminated pro-Isis factions that wanted to repudiate the group’s five-year-old allegiance to al-Qaida.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Protests from the US and UN prompted him to turn to China for support, repudiating the long-standing US alliance.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Bill Clinton specifically repudiated Huntington’s thesis when it was first excerpted in Foreign Policy, in 1994.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. （正式地）否认; 拒绝接受; 拒绝与…往来; 拒不履行（法律义务）
时态：repudiated, repudiating, repudiates
分布：拒绝(47%)，否认(35%)，拒付(13%)，断绝(5%)
→来自拉丁语 repudiare,拒绝，否认，离婚，来自 repudium,离婚，断绝婚姻关系，来自 re-,向 后，离开，*pudium,击，打，来自 pu,击，打，词源同 pave,compute.也有学者认为该词 来自 ped,脚，踢，词源同 foot.
拒绝,抛弃(re反+pud+iate→反过来让对方羞耻→拒绝[别人])[pud=feelshame,表示"感到羞耻"]
【记】re反，pudi＝put放，ate－反过来放掉－抛弃
【反】espouse（v 嫁娶；支持）；uphold（v 支持）
[rɪ'pju:.di.eɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to refuse to accept something or someone as true, good or reasonable 拒绝，不接受；否认；批驳
• He repudiated the allegation/charge/claim that he had tried to deceive them. 他们指控／谴责／声称他企图欺骗他们，他对此进行了驳斥。
• I utterly repudiate those remarks. 我认为这些话纯属一派胡言。
vt. 拒绝；否定；批判；与…断绝关系；拒付
 - negative, refuse, deny

Word: sclerotic
Front: sclerotic
[sklə'rɒtɪk] (34918/-)
Back: adj. 巩膜的，硬化的
分布：硬化的(37%)，巩膜(21%)，硬化剂(21%)，巩膜的(21%)
adj. 硬化的，僵硬的； [解剖] 巩膜的
 - wooden, rigid
n. [解剖] 巩膜；硬化剂
 - hardener, setting agent

Word: rachel
Front: rachel
[ˈreitʃl] (-/3360)
Back: adj. & n. （化妆品的）浅黄褐色（的）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: sodium
Front: sodium
[ˈsəʊdiəm] (六托 3783/6256 -2)
Back: n. <化>钠(11号元素，符号 Na)
分布：钠(100%)
→来自 soda,苏打，-ium,金属元素后素。因提取自氢氧化钠(sodium hydroxide)而得名。
US ['soʊ-] noun uncountable
■a soft silver-white chemical element that is found in salt 钠
n. [化学] 钠（11号元素，符号 Na）
 - natrium

Word: tango
Front: tango
[ˈtæŋgəʊ] (宝 12132/23656 -1)
Vocabulary: tango
(once / 7670 pages)
nv
The noun tango usually refers to the Argentine tango, a dramatic ballroom dance, and the expressive music that goes along with it.
The tango is known for being a passionate, emotional form of dance in which the dancing couple hold each other closely and make abrupt — yet graceful — movements. The accompanying music is equally dramatic and varied, often featuring many instruments such as violin, piano, and bandoneón, a type of concertina or small accordion. The word tango is of Latin American Spanish origin, probably from an African root word.
WORD FAMILY
tango: tangoed, tangoing, tangos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Grammy Award-winning violinist Joshua Bell performs with the Chamber Orchestra of Havana in this evening of Vivaldi classics and Piazzolla tangos.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
So it was with a particular sadness and anger that I read this week the revelations about the filming of the Last Tango in Paris.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Later it became the first cinema in Buenos Aires to show “talkies,” and some films were accompanied by live tango orchestration.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 探戈舞，探戈舞曲
vi. 跳探戈舞
时态：tangoed, tangoing, tangoes
分布：探戈舞(63%)，探戈舞曲(22%)，跳探戈舞(15%)
→来自阿根廷西班牙语 tango,探戈，最终可能来自非洲某土著语言。
探戈舞(来自黑人跳的tango舞)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
【记】外来语。
US [-goʊ] (plural tangos)
noun countable
■an energetic dance from South American for two people, or the music for this dance 探戈舞；探戈舞曲

Word: spurious
Front: spurious
[ˈspjʊəriəs] (宝 18432/11484 -1)
Vocabulary: spurious
(once / 2446 pages)
adj
Something false or inauthentic is spurious. Don't trust spurious ideas and stories. Spurious statements often are lies, just as a spurious coin is a counterfeit coin — a fake.
Anytime you see the word spurious, you're dealing with things that can't be trusted or accepted at face value. A spurious claim is one that's not backed up by the facts. A spurious argument relies on faulty reasoning — and maybe some lies. Politicians often accuse each other of saying things that are spurious and meant to deceive the voters. As long as you're honest, clear, and not trying to trick anyone, nobody can say you're being spurious.
WORD FAMILY
spurious: spuriously, spuriousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
One spurious story, based on a 33-year-old essay Khan wrote, claimed he championed sharia law.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
On a statistical basis, the forecasters were “actively adding negative value” — essentially destroying value by issuing spurious numbers.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
“But is that just a spurious correlation? In all likelihood, it is.”
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 假的，伪造的; 欺骗性的，谬误的; 私生的; 赝
分布：假的(70%)，伪造的(30%)
→来自拉丁语 spurius,非婚生的，私生的，杂种的，来自 spurcus,低劣的，卑贱的，来自 spregh, 播洒，播种，词源同 sperm,精子，精液。引申词义虚假的，伪造的。
【记】spur马刺，ious多：很多马刺里肯定有假的。
【反】genuine＝authentic（adj 真正的）
US ['spjʊr.i-] adjective
■false and not what it appears to be, or (of reasons and judgments) based on something that has not been correctly understood and therefore false 虚假的，欺骗的；（原因、判断）谬误的
• Some of the arguments in favour of shutting the factory are questionable and others downright spurious. 赞成关闭工厂的那些论据，有些值得质疑，另一些则明显站不住脚。
adj. 假的；伪造的；欺骗的
 - false, bogus

Word: swanky
Front: swanky
[ˈswæŋki] (24539/36984)
Back: adj. 奢华的，豪华的，时髦的
级别：swankier, swankiest
分布：时髦的(55%)，爱出风头的(21%)，炫耀的(18%)，漂亮(6%)
→swank,炫耀，卖弄，-y,形容词后缀。
adjective informal
■very expensive and fashionable, in a way that is intended to attract people's attention and admiration 时髦而奢华的
• We stayed in a swanky hotel. 我们住在一家奢华的饭店。
■disapproving
■behaving too confidently 自负地，夸耀地，卖弄地
• I'm sick of his swanky talk. 我讨厌他自吹自擂。
adj. 炫耀的；时髦的；爱出风头的
 - modern, fashionable, tony, in, ambitious

Word: treacherous
Front: treacherous
[ˈtretʃərəs] (托宝 10946/9960 -1)
Vocabulary: treacherous
(once / 603 pages)
adj
Treacherous means either not trusted or dangerous. A treacherous road might be icy or otherwise likely to cause a car accident. A treacherous friend will betray you.
Treachery refers to harmful acts you might do to someone who trusts you. It can also refer to being disloyal to your native country, but the word treason is more common in this sense. Treachery is from Middle English trecherie, from Old French, from trichier "to trick or cheat." The English word trick is from trikier, a slightly different spelling that was used in some dialects of Old French.
WORD FAMILY
treacherous: treacherousest, treacherously +/ treachery: treacheries, treacherous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Forecasting reforms in the city’s Youth Rehabilitation Act , the second - chance law for youthful offenders, is an even more treacherous undertaking.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
During the past year, as America embarked on the treacherous task of selecting a new president, Canada selected, for the first time, a national bird.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
The camp’s grounds were under a treacherous layer of mud on Wednesday.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 骗人的; 不忠的; 奸诈的; 不可信的
adv. 背信弃义地
n. 背信弃义，背叛
分布：危险的(60%)，背叛的(22%)，不可靠的(9%)，背信弃义的(9%)
→来自 treachery,背叛，不忠，-ous,形容词后缀。
US [-ɚ-] adjective
DANGEROUS 危险的
■If the ground or sea is treacherous, it is extremely dangerous, especially because of bad weather conditions （地面或大海尤因气候恶劣）极端危险的，凶险的
• Snow and ice have left many roads treacherous, and motorists are warned to drive slowly. 冰雪使许多道路危机四伏，汽车司机被告诫要开慢些。
UK ['tretʃ.ər.əs] US [-ɚ-] adjective
NOT LOYAL 不忠的 mainly old use
■A person who is treacherous deceives someone who trusts them, or has no loyalty （人）不忠的，背信弃义的
• Vargas plays the part of a treacherous aristocrat who betrays his king and country. 瓦加斯扮演一个背叛了国王和祖国的不忠贵族。
• I feel a bit treacherous to my own sex if I ever make general criticisms of women. 如果我泛泛地批评妇女，我会感到有点背叛自己的性别。
adj. 奸诈的，叛逆的，背叛的；危险的；不牢靠的
 - dangerous, critical

Word: trojan

Word: taunt
Front: taunt
[tɔ:nt] (托 10645/12288 -1)
Vocabulary: taunt
(once / 882 pages)
vn
A short list of people not to taunt: your big brother, cops, nightclub bouncers, dragons. Taunts are insulting comments, and, unless you are a really, really fast runner, keep them to yourself.
Taunting is often associated with large groups picking on an individual. A mob might call out a hated king from his castle with taunts and jeers. Taunting the weak is a high-school phenomenon that teachers, administrators, parents, and students are working together to stop.
WORD FAMILY
taunt: taunted, taunting, taunts+/taunting: tauntingly, tauntings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The bullying remained, but the joy faded, and the comedy was often reduced to nasty zingers and schoolyard-quality taunts.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
You can’t promise to be the president for all Americans and then taunt the 54 percent of Americans who didn’t vote for you.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
N.F.L. bans all touchdowns through the air or on punt returns because they are considered a form of taunting.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 嘲笑，奚落; 用嘲笑刺激
n. 嘲弄，奚落; 讥讽; 嘲弄的对象，笑柄
adj. [航]（桅杆）很高的
时态：taunted, taunting, taunts
分布：嘲弄(63%)，辱骂(37%)
→来自法语 tant pour tant,以眼还眼，以牙还牙，原倍奉还，来自 tant,等同，同样，词源同 tantamount,pour,为了，词源同 for.引申词义嘲笑，奚落。
【记】t踢，aunt姑奶奶：用嘲弄的方式踢姑奶奶
【参】daunt（v 恐吓）打姑奶奶；gaunt（adj 憔悴的）割姑奶奶
US [tɑ:nt] verb transitive
■to intentionally annoy and upset someone by making unkind remarks to them, laughing at them, etc. 嘲笑；讥讽；嘲弄
• The other children used to taunt him in the playground because he was fat and wore glasses. 其他孩子以前经常在操场上嘲笑他，因为他长得胖，还戴眼镜。
n. 嘲弄；讥讽
 - mockery, derisiveness
vt. 奚落；逗弄
 - tantalise

Word: unbalance
Front: unbalance
[ˌʌnˈbæləns] (27553/20698)
Back: v. 使能避免的，使心情紊乱
n. 失去平衡，紊乱
时态：unbalanced, unbalancing, unbalances
分布：失衡(67%)，使精神紊乱(22%)，使失衡(11%)
verb transitive
NOT FIRM 不稳固
■to cause something or someone to be unbalanced 使不均衡；使失去平衡
• The result was to further unbalance the monetary-fiscal policy mix and to push up the pound. 结果将使货币—财政政策组合更加失衡，使英镑汇率上扬。
[ʌn'bæl.ənts] verb transitive
MENTALLY ILL 精神失常
■to make someone mentally ill, especially temporarily （尤指暂时地）使精神失常
[ʌn'bæl.ənts] verb transitive
NOT FAIR 不公平
■to make something unfair or not equal 使不公平；使偏颇；使不平等
vt. 使失去平衡；使精神紊乱
 - distemper
n. [力] 失衡；精神错乱
 - mental derangement, alienation